This report describes preliminary three-dimensional geostatistical modeling of a lava-flow aquifer system using a multiple-point geostatistical model. The purpose of this study is to provide a proof-of-concept for this modeling approach. An example of the method is demonstrated using a subset of borehole geologic data and aquifer test data from a portion of the Calico Hills Formation, a lava-flow aquifer system that partially underlies Pahute Mesa, Nevada. Groundwater movement in this aquifer system is assumed to be controlled by the spatial distribution of two geologic units—rhyolite lava flows and zeolitized tuffs. The configuration of subsurface lava flows and tuffs is largely unknown because of limited data. The spatial configuration of the lava flows and tuffs is modeled by using a multiple-point geostatistical simulation algorithm that generates a large number of alternative realizations, each honoring the available geologic data and drawn from a geologic conceptual model of the lava-flow aquifer system as represented by a training image. In order to demonstrate how results from the geostatistical model could be analyzed in terms of available hydrologic data, a numerical simulation of part of an aquifer test was applied to the realizations of the geostatistical model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, C., and Phelps, G.A., 2014, Stochastic modeling of a lava-flow aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1179, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141179.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052382","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141179.gif"},{"id":296191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1179/"},{"id":296192,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1179/downloads/ofr2014-1179.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pahute Mesa","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c6439e4b068a3ebb6f032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronkite-Ratcliff, Collin ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","contributorId":5478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronkite-Ratcliff","given":"Collin","email":"ccronkite-ratcliff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A. gphelps@usgs.gov","contributorId":1179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gphelps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128978,"text":"sir20145200 - 2014 - Turbidity and suspended sediment in the upper Esopus Creek watershed, Ulster County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T14:54:54","indexId":"sir20145200","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5200","title":"Turbidity and suspended sediment in the upper Esopus Creek watershed, Ulster County, New York","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and turbidity were measured for 2 to 3 years at 14 monitoring sites throughout the upper Esopus Creek watershed in the Catskill Mountains of New York State. The upper Esopus Creek watershed is part of the New York City water-supply system that supplies water to more than 9 million people every day. Turbidity, caused primarily by high concentrations of inorganic suspended particles, is a potential water-quality concern because it colors the water and can reduce the effectiveness of drinking-water disinfection. The purposes of this study were to quantify concentrations of suspended sediment and turbidity levels, to estimate suspended-sediment loads within the upper Esopus Creek watershed, and to investigate the relations between SSC and turbidity. Samples were collected at four locations along the main channel of Esopus Creek and at all of the principal tributaries. Samples were collected monthly and during storms and were analyzed for SSC and turbidity in the laboratory. Turbidity was also measured every 15 minutes at six of the sampling stations with in situ turbidity probes.
\n\n
The largest tributary, Stony Clove Creek, consistently produced higher SSCs and turbidity than any of the other Esopus Creek tributaries. The rest of the tributaries fell into two groups: those that produced moderate SSCs and turbidity and those that produced low SSCs and turbidity. Within those two groups the tributary that produced the highest SSCs and turbidity varied from year to year depending on the hydrologic conditions within each subwatershed. During the 3-year study, Stony Clove Creek accounted for an average of 40 percent of the annual suspended-sediment load measured at the upper Esopus Creek watershed outlet at Coldbrook, more than all of the other measured tributaries combined. The other tributaries to the upper Esopus Creek, taken together, accounted for an average of about 20 percent of the load at Coldbrook during 2010 and 2011, when most of the tributaries were sampled. Woodland Creek, the third largest tributary in the watershed, also accounted for a substantial amount of the load at Coldbrook, an average of 10 percent during the 3 years. Stony Clove Creek appeared to be a persistent source of sediment to Esopus Creek; it had the highest sediment yield (load per unit area) of all monitoring sites, including the outlet at Coldbrook.
\n\n
Discharge, SSC, and turbidity were strongly related at the Coldbrook site but not at every monitoring site. In general, relations between discharge and SSC and turbidity were strongest at sites with high SSCs, with the exception of Stony Clove Creek. Stony Clove Creek had high SSCs and turbidity regardless of discharge, and although concentrations and turbidity values generally increased with increasing discharge, the relation was not strong. Five of the six sites used to investigate the relations between SSC and laboratory turbidity had a coefficient of determination (r2) greater than 0.7. Relations were not as strong between SSC and the turbidity measured by in situ probes because the period of record was shorter and therefore the sample sizes were smaller. Data from in situ turbidity probes were strongly related to turbidity data measured in the laboratory for all but one of the monitoring sites where the relation was strongly leveraged by one sample. Although the in situ turbidity probes appeared to provide a good surrogate for SSC and could allow more accurate calculations of suspended-sediment load than discrete suspended-sediment samples alone, more data would be required to define the regression models throughout the range in discharge, SSCs, and turbidity levels that occur at each monitoring site. Nonetheless, the in situ probes provided much greater detail about the relation between discharge and turbidity than did the grab samples and storm samples measured in the laboratory.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145200","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, and Cornell Cooperative Extension of Ulster County","usgsCitation":"McHale, M.R., and Siemion, J., 2014, Turbidity and suspended sediment in the upper Esopus Creek watershed, Ulster County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5200, viii, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145200.","productDescription":"viii, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055338","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145200.jpg"},{"id":296177,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5200/"},{"id":296178,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5200/pdf/sir2014-5200.pdf","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Ulster County","otherGeospatial":"Esopus Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.42825317382812,\n 42.08599350447723\n ],\n [\n -74.42825317382812,\n 42.24173542549948\n ],\n [\n -74.21676635742186,\n 42.24173542549948\n ],\n [\n -74.21676635742186,\n 42.08599350447723\n ],\n [\n -74.42825317382812,\n 42.08599350447723\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c643ae4b068a3ebb6f040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHale, Michael R. 0000-0003-3780-1816 mmchale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-1816","contributorId":1735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHale","given":"Michael","email":"mmchale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Siemion, Jason jsiemion@usgs.gov","contributorId":3011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siemion","given":"Jason","email":"jsiemion@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70132428,"text":"ds866 - 2014 - Area- and depth- weighted averages of selected SSURGO variables for the conterminous United States and District of Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-29T13:37:57","indexId":"ds866","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"866","title":"Area- and depth- weighted averages of selected SSURGO variables for the conterminous United States and District of Columbia","docAbstract":"This digital data release consists of seven data files of soil attributes for the United States and the District of Columbia. The files are derived from National Resources Conservations Service’s (NRCS) Soil Survey Geographic database (SSURGO). The data files can be linked to the raster datasets of soil mapping unit identifiers (MUKEY) available through the NRCS’s Gridded Soil Survey Geographic (gSSURGO) database (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/survey/geo/?cid=nrcs142p2_053628). The associated files, named DRAINAGECLASS, HYDRATING, HYDGRP, HYDRICCONDITION, LAYER, TEXT, and WTDEP are area- and depth-weighted average values for selected soil characteristics from the SSURGO database for the conterminous United States and the District of Columbia. The SSURGO tables were acquired from the NRCS on March 5, 2014. The soil characteristics in the DRAINAGE table are drainage class (DRNCLASS), which identifies the natural drainage conditions of the soil and refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods. The soil characteristics in the HYDRATING table are hydric rating (HYDRATE), a yes/no field that indicates whether or not a map unit component is classified as a \"hydric soil\". The soil characteristics in the HYDGRP table are the percentages for each hydrologic group per MUKEY. The soil characteristics in the HYDRICCONDITION table are hydric condition (HYDCON), which describes the natural condition of the soil component. The soil characteristics in the LAYER table are available water capacity (AVG_AWC), bulk density (AVG_BD), saturated hydraulic conductivity (AVG_KSAT), vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity (AVG_KV), soil erodibility factor (AVG_KFACT), porosity (AVG_POR), field capacity (AVG_FC), the soil fraction passing a number 4 sieve (AVG_NO4), the soil fraction passing a number 10 sieve (AVG_NO10), the soil fraction passing a number 200 sieve (AVG_NO200), and organic matter (AVG_OM). The soil characteristics in the TEXT table are percent sand, silt, and clay (AVG_SAND, AVG_SILT, and AVG_CLAY). The soil characteristics in the WTDEP table are the annual minimum water table depth (WTDEP_MIN), available water storage in the 0-25 cm soil horizon (AWS025), the minimum water table depth for the months April, May and June (WTDEPAMJ), the available water storage in the first 25 centimeters of the soil horizon (AWS25), the dominant drainage class (DRCLSD), the wettest drainage class (DRCLSWET), and the hydric classification (HYDCLASS), which is an indication of the proportion of the map unit, expressed as a class, that is \"hydric\", based on the hydric classification of a given MUKEY. (See Entity_Description for more detail). The tables were created with a set of arc macro language (aml) and awk (awk was created at Bell Labsin the 1970s and its name is derived from the first letters of the last names of its authors – Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger, and Brian Kernighan) scripts. Send an email to mewieczo@usgs.gov to obtain copies of the computer code (See Process_Description.) The methods used are outlined in NRCS's \"SSURGO Data Packaging and Use\" (NRCS, 2011). The tables can be related or joined to the gSSURGO rasters of MUKEYs by the item 'MUKEY.' Joining or relating the tables to a MUKEY grid allows the creation of grids of area- and depth-weighted soil characteristics. A 90-meter raster of MUKEYs is provided which can be used to produce rasters of soil attributes. More detailed resolution rasters are available through NRCS via the link above.
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":522820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133637,"text":"ofr20141167 - 2014 - Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T10:56:46","indexId":"ofr20141167","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1167","title":"Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings","docAbstract":"The Digital Mapping Techniques '11 (DMT'11) workshop was hosted by Virginia Division of Geology and Mineral Resources and The College of William & Mary, and coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project. Conducted May 22-25 on the campus of The College of William & Mary, in Williamsburg, Virginia, it was attended by 77 technical experts from 30 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 19 State geological surveys (see \"DMT'11 Presentations and Attendees\" in these Proceedings).
\nThe Digital Mapping Techniques '12 (DMT'12) workshop was hosted by the Illinois State Geological Survey and coordinated by the National Geologic Map Database project. Conducted May 20-23 on the campus of The University of Illinois, in Champaign, Illinois, it was attended by 73 technical experts from 34 agencies, universities, and private companies, including representatives from 25 State geological surveys (see \"DMT'12 Presentations and Attendees\" in these Proceedings).
\nAt these meetings, oral and poster presentations and special discussion sessions emphasized: (1) methods for creating and publishing map products (here, \"publishing\" includes Web-based release); (2) field data capture software and techniques, including the use of LiDAR; (3) digital cartographic techniques; (4) migration of digital maps into ArcGIS Geodatabase formats; (5) analytical GIS techniques; and (6) continued development of the National Geologic Map Database.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141167","usgsCitation":"Soller, D.R., 2014, Digital Mapping Techniques '11–12 workshop proceedings: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1167, iv, 134 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141167.","productDescription":"iv, 134 p.","numberOfPages":"141","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053871","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296152,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1167/pdf/ofr2014-1167_dmt11-12.pdf"},{"id":296153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141167.jpg"},{"id":296136,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1167/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c6433e4b068a3ebb6f007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soller, David R. 0000-0001-6177-8332 drsoller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-8332","contributorId":2700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soller","given":"David","email":"drsoller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70133423,"text":"70133423 - 2014 - A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James,and Shenandoah Rivers, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:10:03","indexId":"70133423","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James,and Shenandoah Rivers, USA","docAbstract":"Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are becoming of increasing concern in waterways of the USA and worldwide. What remains poorly understood, however, is how prevalent these emerging contaminants are in the environment and what methods are best able to determine landscape sources of EDCs. We describe the development of a spatially structured sampling design and a reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity along gradients of land use within sub-watersheds. We present this example as a useful approach for state and federal agencies with an interest in identifying locations potentially impacted by EDCs that warrant more intensive, focused research. Our study confirms the importance of agricultural activities on levels of a measured estrogenic equivalent (E2Eq) and also highlights the importance of other potential sources of E2Eq in areas where intensive agriculture is not the dominant land use. Through application of readily available geographic information system (GIS) data, coupled with spatial statistical analysis, we demonstrate the correlation of specific land use types to levels of estrogenic activity across a large area in a consistent and unbiased manner.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10661-014-3801-y","usgsCitation":"Young, J.A., Iwanowicz, L., Sperry, A.J., and Blazer, V., 2014, A landscape-based reconnaissance survey of estrogenic activity in streams of the upper Potomac, upper James,and Shenandoah Rivers, USA: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 186, no. 9, p. 5531-5545, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3801-y.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"5531","endPage":"5545","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051151","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"186","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c642de4b068a3ebb6effa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, John A. 0000-0002-4500-3673 jyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4500-3673","contributorId":3777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"John","email":"jyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. liwanowicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sperry, Adam J. 0000-0002-4815-3730 asperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":5872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","email":"asperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70128996,"text":"ofr20141218 - 2014 - World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network: a data users guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T08:33:52","indexId":"ofr20141218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-18T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1218","title":"World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network: a data users guide","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report, which is based on an unpublished draft prepared in the 1970s, is to provide seismologists with the information they may need to use the WWSSN data set as it becomes available in a more easily accessible and convenient format on the Internet. The report includes a description of the WWSSN network, station facilities, operations and instrumentation, a derivation of the instrument transfer functions, tables of transfer functions, a description of calibration techniques, and a description of a method used to determine important instrument constants using recorded calibration data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141218","usgsCitation":"Peterson, J.R., and Hutt, C.R., 2014, World-Wide Standardized Seismograph Network: a data users guide: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1218, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141218.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056333","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296135,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141218.jpg"},{"id":296134,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1218/pdf/ofr2014-1218.pdf"},{"id":296133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1218/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c643be4b068a3ebb6f04a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Jon R.","contributorId":61062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70127634,"text":"ofr20141187 - 2014 - A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T15:00:56","indexId":"ofr20141187","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T15:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1187","title":"A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation","docAbstract":"The Nevada National Security Site (NNSS, formerly the Nevada Test Site) is located in southern Nevada approximately 105 kilometers (km) (65 miles) northwest of Las Vegas. Frenchman Flat is a sedimentary basin located on the eastern edge of NNSS and extending eastward into the adjacent Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR).
\n\n
In late September 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a ground-based magnetic survey of the northeast portion of Frenchman Flat within the NNSS and within the adjacent NTTR. The survey was designed to address two questions of importance to the siting of new monitoring wells near (down-gradient of) or within groundwater-contaminant plumes resulting from the Milk Shake and Pin Stripe underground nuclear tests:
\n\n
Question 1—What is the horizontal extent of the basalt flow (the Basalt lava flow aquifer or BLFA) encountered in three wells (UE5k, UE5i, and ER-5-3) within the alluvial section at depths ranging from 268 to 290 meters (m) (880 to 950 feet [ft]), and having a thickness between 9 and 21 m (30 and 70 ft)? Exploratory Hole UE5k is located near Emplacement Hole U5k, site of the Milk Shake underground nuclear test (U.S. Department of Energy, 2000). Characterization well ER-5-3 is located approximately 670 m (2,200 ft) west-northwest of the Milk Shake test.
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Question 2—Does basin and range normal faulting observed in the hills north of Frenchman Flat continue southward under alluvium and possibly disrupt the Topopah Spring Tuff of the Paintbrush Group (the Topopah Spring welded tuff aquifer or TSA) east of the Pin Stripe underground nuclear test, which was conducted in Emplacement hole U11b?
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141187","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., Burton, B., Curry-Elrod, E., and Drellack, S., 2014, A ground-based magnetic survey of Frenchman Flat, Nevada National Security Site and Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada: data release and preliminary interpretation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1187, Report: vi, 144 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; USGS-474-216: 24 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141187.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 144 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 48.00 inches; USGS-474-216: 24 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"150","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033091","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296122,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141187.jpg"},{"id":296117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/"},{"id":296118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/ofr2014-1187.pdf","size":"13.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296119,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/Plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"93.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296120,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/pdf/USGS-474-216.pdf","text":"USGS-474-216","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296121,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1187/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Frenchman Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -115.7244873046875,\n 36.85764758564407\n ],\n [\n -115.7244873046875,\n 36.72567681977065\n ],\n [\n -115.9771728515625,\n 36.72567681977065\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54671998e4b04d4b7dbde512","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curry-Elrod, Erika","contributorId":83634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry-Elrod","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drellack, Sigmund","contributorId":121072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drellack","given":"Sigmund","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70129184,"text":"sir20145201 - 2014 - Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:33:35","indexId":"sir20145201","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5201","title":"Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012","docAbstract":"Vancouver Lake, a large shallow lake in Clark County, near Vancouver, Washington, has been undergoing water-quality problems for decades. Recently, the biggest concern for the lake are the almost annual harmful cyanobacteria blooms that cause the lake to close for recreation for several weeks each summer. Despite decades of interest in improving the water quality of the lake, fundamental information on the timing and amount of water and nutrients entering and exiting the lake is lacking. In 2010, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a 2-year field study to quantify water flows and nutrient loads in order to develop water and nutrient budgets for the lake. This report presents monthly and annual water and nutrient budgets from October 2010–October 2012 to identify major sources and sinks of nutrients. Lake River, a tidally influenced tributary to the lake, flows into and out of the lake almost daily and composed the greatest proportion of both the water and nutrient budgets for the lake, often at orders of magnitude greater than any other source. From the water budget, we identified precipitation, evaporation and groundwater inflow as minor components of the lake hydrologic cycle, each contributing 1 percent or less to the total water budget. Nutrient budgets were compiled monthly and annually for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate; and, nitrogen loads were generally an order of magnitude greater than phosphorus loads across all sources. For total nitrogen, flow from Lake River at Felida, Washington, made up 88 percent of all inputs into the lake. For total phosphorus and orthophosphate, Lake River at Felida flowing into the lake was 91 and 76 percent of total inputs, respectively. Nutrient loads from precipitation and groundwater inflow were 1 percent or less of the total budgets. Nutrient inputs from Burnt Bridge Creek and Flushing Channel composed 12 percent of the total nitrogen budget, 8 percent of the total phosphorus budget, and 21 percent of the orthophosphate budget. We identified several data gaps and areas for future research, which include the need for better understanding nutrient inputs to the lake from sediment resuspension and better quantification of indirect nutrient inputs to the lake from Salmon Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership and Clark County Environmental Services Division","usgsCitation":"Sheibley, R.W., Foreman, J.R., Marshall, C., and Welch, W.B., 2014, Water and nutrient budgets for Vancouver Lake, Vancouver, Washington, October 2010-October 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5201, Report: x, 71 p.; 1 Appendix; 3 Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145201.","productDescription":"Report: x, 71 p.; 1 Appendix; 3 Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"86","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-055155","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296108,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145201.jpg"},{"id":296103,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/pdf/sir2014-5201.pdf","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296102,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/"},{"id":296104,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/pdf/sir2014-5201_appendixesa-g.pdf","text":"Appendix A-G","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296105,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/downloads/sir2014-5201_appendixc_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix C Tables","size":"76 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296106,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/downloads/sir2014-5201_appendixd_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix D Tables","size":"40 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296107,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5201/downloads/sir2014-5201_appendixg_tables.xlsx","text":"Appendix G Tables","size":"81 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"scale":"120000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Vancouver","otherGeospatial":"Vancouver Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.8607940673828,\n 45.612596491396005\n ],\n [\n -122.8607940673828,\n 45.83980269335617\n ],\n [\n -122.6081085205078,\n 45.83980269335617\n ],\n [\n -122.6081085205078,\n 45.612596491396005\n ],\n [\n -122.8607940673828,\n 45.612596491396005\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199fe4b04d4b7dbde542","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheibley, Rich W. 0000-0003-1627-8536 sheibley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1627-8536","contributorId":3044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","email":"sheibley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":3669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marshall, Cameron A. marshall@usgs.gov","contributorId":5412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Cameron A.","email":"marshall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133433,"text":"fs20143097 - 2014 - Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2014-15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:08:30","indexId":"fs20143097","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3097","title":"Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2014-15","docAbstract":"Ohio’s water resources support a complex web of human activities and nature—clean and abundant water is needed for drinking, recreation, farming, and industry, as well as for fish and wildlife needs. Although rainfall in normal years can support these activities and needs, occasional floods and droughts can disrupt streamflow, groundwater, water availability, water quality, recreation, and aquatic habitats. Ohio is bordered by the Ohio River and Lake Erie; it has over 44,000 miles of streams and more than 60,000 lakes and ponds. Nearly all the rural population obtain drinking water from groundwater sources.
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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) works in cooperation with local, State, and other Federal agencies, as well as universities, to furnish decision makers, policy makers, USGS scientists, and the general public with reliable scientific information and tools to assist them in management, stewardship, and use of Ohio’s natural resources. The diversity of scientific expertise among USGS personnel enables them to carry out large- and small-scale multidisciplinary studies. The USGS is unique among government organizations because it has neither regulatory nor developmental authority—its sole product is impartial, credible, relevant, and timely scientific information, equally accessible and available to everyone. The USGS Ohio Water Science Center provides reliable hydrologic and water-related ecological information to aid in the understanding of the use and management of the Nation’s water resources, in general, and Ohio’s water resources, in particular. This fact sheet provides an overview of current (2014) or recently completed USGS studies and data activities pertaining to water resources in Ohio. More information regarding projects of the USGS Ohio Water Science Center is available at http://oh.water.usgs.gov/.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143097","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, K., and Kula, S.P., 2014, Science to support the understanding of Ohio's water resources, 2014-15: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3097, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143097.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2014-01-01","temporalEnd":"2015-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057351","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143097.jpg"},{"id":296096,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3097/"},{"id":296097,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3097/pdf/fs2014-3097.pdf","size":"5.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 38.36750215395045\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -80.52978515625,\n 38.36750215395045\n ],\n [\n -84.88037109375,\n 38.36750215395045\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199de4b04d4b7dbde534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Kimberly kshaffer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Kimberly","email":"kshaffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kula, Stephanie P. spkula@usgs.gov","contributorId":4666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kula","given":"Stephanie","email":"spkula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70125378,"text":"sir20145178 - 2014 - Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T13:18:15","indexId":"sir20145178","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5178","title":"Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13","docAbstract":"The Citizen Potawatomi Nation needs to characterize their existing surface-water and groundwater resources in and near their tribal jurisdictional area to complete a water-resource management plan. Water resources in this area include surface water from the North Canadian and Little Rivers and groundwater from the terrace and alluvial aquifers and underlying bedrock aquifers. To assist in this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, collected water-quality samples at 4 sites on 3 streams and from 30 wells during 2012 and 2013 in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area in central Oklahoma. Stream samples were collected eight times on the North Canadian River at the upstream USGS streamflow-gaging station North Canadian River near Harrah, Okla. (07241550); at the downstream USGS streamflow-gaging station North Canadian River at Shawnee, Okla. (07241800); and on the Little River at the USGS streamflow-gaging station Little River near Tecumseh, Okla., (07230500). Stream samples also were collected three times at an ungaged site, Deer Creek near McLoud, Okla. (07241590). Water properties were measured, and water samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, counts of fecal-indicator bacteria, and 69 organic compounds.
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The highest concentrations of dissolved solids and chlorides were measured in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station. The Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level (SMCL) for dissolved solids in drinking water of 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L) was exceeded in 7 of 8 stream-water samples, with a median concentration of 844 mg/L at that station. The 250-mg/L SMCL for chloride was exceeded in 5 of the 8 stream-water samples collected at that station.
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Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen were about an order of magnitude higher in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than concentrations in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station and the Deer Creek site. Median concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen were 4.36 and 2.89 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, 0.35 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station, and 0.76 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Deer Creek site.
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Similar to nitrogen, median concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus were higher by about two orders of magnitude in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than concentrations in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station and the Deer Creek site. Median concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus were 1.05 and 0.805 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, 0.007 mg/L in stream-water samples collected at the Little River near Tecumseh station, and 0.032 mg/L from the Deer Creek site. Dissolved concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthophosphorus, and total phosphorus were highest in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations at low streamflows, indicating that wastewater effluent may have been a notable source of these nutrients.
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Concentrations of most trace elements increased with increasing streamflow in stream-water samples collected at the two North Canadian River stations, indicating that most trace elements are washed into the river by runoff from the land surface or resuspended from streambed sediments. In general, most trace-element concentrations were below respective Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for public drinking-water supplies, except for one stream-water sample with an arsenic concentration of 10.1 micrograms per liter (µg/L) collected from the North Canadian River and one stream-water sample with a barium concentration of 2,690 µg/L collected from the Little River. At least one stream-water sample from each of the four stream sites sampled in this study contained a lead concentration exceeding the SMCL of 15 µg/L. All of these samples were collected during high streamflows.
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A greater number of organic compounds were detected in stream-water samples collected at the two stations on the North Canadian River than in stream-water samples collected at the Tecumseh station and Deer Creek site. In the 8 stream-water samples collected at the upstream Harrah station, 213 detections of organic compounds were measured, whereas in 8 samples collected at the downstream Shawnee station, 203 detections of organic compounds were measured. In contrast, 59 detections of organic compounds were measured in the 8 stream-water samples collected at the Tecumseh station, and 25 detections of organic compounds were measured in the 3 stream-water samples collected at the Deer Creek site; however, the 8 detections of 7 organic compounds in the 2 equipment-blank samples is problematic for evaluating these data, especially for the Deer Creek and Little River samples because of the comparatively low detection frequency and should be taken into consideration when evaluating these results.
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Groundwater samples also were collected once from 30 wells producing water from the Garber-Wellington aquifer; Admire, Chase, and Council Grove Groups; the Vanoss Formation; and the terrace and alluvial aquifers along the North Canadian River. Water properties were measured, and samples were analyzed for concentrations of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, and selected radionuclides in groundwater. Of 30 wells sampled for this study, 26 were completed in bedrock aquifers, and 4 were completed in terrace and alluvial aquifers. In general, groundwater in the study area is very hard, with a median concentration of 180 mg/L as calcium carbonate in water samples collected from the 30 wells. Concentrations of sulfate exceeded the 250-mg/L SMCL in two groundwater samples, and dissolved solids concentrations exceeded the 500-mg/L SMCL in nine groundwater samples. Trace-element concentrations did not exceed respective MCLs in the 30 groundwater samples collected for this study.
\n\n
Concentrations of the radionuclide uranium ranged from 0.03 to 79.5 µg/L, with a median concentration of 1.9 µg/L in the 30 groundwater samples collected. Two of the groundwater samples collected for this study had uranium concentrations exceeding the MCL of 30 µg/L, with concentrations of 79.5 and 31.1 µg/L. Generally, uranium concentrations were highest in water samples collected from wells completed in the Wellington Formation and the Chase, Council Grove, and Admire Groups in the southern and eastern parts of the study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145178","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Citizen Potawatomi Nation","usgsCitation":"Becker, C., 2014, Stream-water and groundwater quality in and near the Citizen Potawatomi Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, 2012-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5178, viii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145178.","productDescription":"viii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"114","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055762","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145178.jpg"},{"id":296100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5178/pdf/sir2014-5178.pdf","size":"4.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":296099,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5178/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Pottawatomie County","otherGeospatial":"Little River, North Canadian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -96.77169799804686,\n 35.561277754384555\n ],\n [\n -96.77169799804686,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -97.27157592773438,\n 34.88593094075317\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199fe4b04d4b7dbde53c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becker, Carol 0000-0001-6652-4542 cjbecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6652-4542","contributorId":2489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Carol","email":"cjbecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70104552,"text":"ofr20141098 - 2014 - Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T12:56:47","indexId":"ofr20141098","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1098","title":"Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration","docAbstract":"The Wild and Scenic North Umpqua River is one of the highest-quality waters in the State of Oregon, supporting runs of wild salmon, steelhead, and trout. For many years, blooms of potentially toxic blue-green algae in Diamond and Lemolo Lakes have threatened water quality, fisheries, and public health. The blooms consist primarily of Anabaena, a nitrogen (N)-fixing planktonic alga that appears to have contributed to N enrichment, which could account for changes in communities and biomass of periphyton, or attached benthic algae, in the river. Periphyton can become a nuisance in summer by affecting riffle habitat and causing high pH that fails to meet State of Oregon water-quality standards. These symptoms of nutrient enrichment in the North Umpqua River were first documented in 1995, and the symptoms have continued since then. Restoring natural ecosystem processes that store nutrients rather than fueling algae might help improve pH and water-clarity conditions.
\n\n
This report summarizes the results from a study in 2005–07 characterizing water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River before, during, and after the 2006 rotenone treatment of Diamond Lake in the headwaters of the North Umpqua River. The treatment was part of a restoration project to eradicate Tui chub (Gila bicolor), a non-native invasive fish blamed for decimating the trout fishery in Diamond Lake and fueling Anabaena blooms. Diamond Lake was expected to contribute organic matter and associated nutrients to Lake Creek during the project, but it was unclear whether these nutrients would affect periphyton communities in the North Umpqua River downstream.
\n\n
This study also provided an opportunity to examine changes in stream conditions in the main stem North Umpqua River and its tributaries, which were previously sampled in July 1995. The 1995 study was designed to provide background data during relicensing of the upstream hydroelectric facilities, and was partly motivated by anecdotal concerns about increase periphyton growth and reduced water clarity. As part of the 2005–07 study associated with the Diamond Lake restoration project, we repeated the 1995 basinwide synoptic survey in 2005, before the rotenone treatment. Although both samplings were just a snapshot of conditions, these data were evaluated for possible changes between 1995 and 2005.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141098","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Douglas County and the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, K., Anderson, C., and Jones, M.E., 2014, Water quality and algal conditions in the North Umpqua River, Oregon, 1995-2007, and their response to Diamond Lake restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1098, Report: viii, 89 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 89 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"101","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1995-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-023321","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141098.jpg"},{"id":296090,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/pdf/ofr2014-1098.pdf","size":"6.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":296091,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/downloads/ofr2014-1098_appendix.xlsx","size":"6.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":296089,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1098/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 43.66389797397276\n ],\n [\n -121.387939453125,\n 42.54093947168063\n ],\n [\n -123.8983154296875,\n 42.54093947168063\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546719a0e4b04d4b7dbde549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, Kurt D. kdcar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Kurt D.","email":"kdcar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Mikeal E.","contributorId":127443,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Mikeal","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6925,"text":"US Forest Service, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127877,"text":"sir20145195 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps and updated components for a flood-warning system or the City of Marietta, Ohio and selected communities along the Lower Muskingum River and Ohio River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-14T10:33:20","indexId":"sir20145195","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5195","title":"Flood-inundation maps and updated components for a flood-warning system or the City of Marietta, Ohio and selected communities along the Lower Muskingum River and Ohio River","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for lower reaches of the Muskingum River and a reach of the Ohio River in southeast Ohio were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District and the City of Marietta, Ohio. To complete the inundation maps, Ohio River and lower Muskingum River bathymetry was updated and two streamgages, one on the Ohio River upstream of Marietta near Sardis, Ohio, and one on the Muskingum River in Beverly, Ohio, were added as basic components of the flood-warning system. An updated hydraulic model component also led to the new flood-inundation maps. The maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent of flooding corresponding to water levels (stages) at one or more of the following USGS streamgages: Muskingum River at McConnelsville, Ohio (03150000); Muskingum River at Beverly, Ohio (03150500); and Ohio River at Marietta, Ohio (03150700). The maps can be used in conjunction with National Weather Service flood-forecast data to show areas of estimated flood inundation associated with forecasted flood-peak stages.
\n\n
Flood profiles for selected reaches were prepared by calibrating steady-state step-backwater models to selected streamgage rating curves. The step-backwater models were used to determine water-surface-elevation profiles for up to 12 flood stages at a streamgage with corresponding stream-flows ranging from approximately the 10- to 0.2-percent chance annual-exceedance probabilities for each of the 3 streamgages that correspond to the flood-inundation maps. Additional hydraulic modeling was used to account for the effects of backwater from the Ohio River on water levels in the Muskingum River. The computed longitudinal profiles of flood levels were used with a Geographic Information System digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging) to delineate flood-inundation areas. Digital maps showing flood-inundation areas overlain on digital orthophotographs were prepared for the selected floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145195","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Muskingum Watershed Conservancy District and the City of Marietta, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Whitehead, M.T., and Ostheimer, C.J., 2014, Flood-inundation maps and updated components for a flood-warning system or the City of Marietta, Ohio and selected communities along the Lower Muskingum River and Ohio River: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5195, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145195.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057794","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145195.jpg"},{"id":296086,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5195/"},{"id":296087,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5195/pdf/sir2014-5195.pdf","size":"1.59 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Ohio","city":"Marietta","otherGeospatial":"Muskingum River, Ohio River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 39.049052206453524\n ],\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 40.23760536584024\n ],\n [\n -80.46936035156249,\n 40.23760536584024\n ],\n [\n -80.46936035156249,\n 39.049052206453524\n ],\n [\n -82.6007080078125,\n 39.049052206453524\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5467199be4b04d4b7dbde51d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitehead, Matthew T. mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","contributorId":2158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitehead","given":"Matthew","email":"mtwhiteh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostheimer, Chad J. ostheime@usgs.gov","contributorId":2160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostheimer","given":"Chad","email":"ostheime@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188058,"text":"70188058 - 2014 - Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:10:33","indexId":"70188058","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia","docAbstract":"Malaria is a major global public health problem, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The spatial heterogeneity of malaria can be affected by factors such as hydrological processes, physiography, and land cover patterns. Tropical wetlands, for example, are important hydrological features that can serve as mosquito breeding habitats. Mapping and monitoring of wetlands using satellite remote sensing can thus help to target interventions aimed at reducing malaria transmission. The objective of this study was to map wetlands and other major land cover types in the Amhara region of Ethiopia and to analyze district-level associations of malaria and wetlands across the region. We evaluated three random forests classification models using remotely sensed topographic and spectral data based on Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and Landsat TM/ETM+ imagery, respectively. The model that integrated data from both sensors yielded more accurate land cover classification than single-sensor models. The resulting map of wetlands and other major land cover classes had an overall accuracy of 93.5%. Topographic indices and subpixel level fractional cover indices contributed most strongly to the land cover classification. Further, we found strong spatial associations of percent area of wetlands with malaria cases at the district level across the dry, wet, and fall seasons. Overall, our study provided the most extensive map of wetlands for the Amhara region and documented spatiotemporal associations of wetlands and malaria risk at a broad regional level. These findings can assist public health personnel in developing strategies to effectively control and eliminate malaria in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015634","usgsCitation":"Midekisa, A., Senay, G., and Wimberly, M.C., 2014, Multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in Ethiopia: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 11, p. 8791-8806, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015634.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"8791","endPage":"8806","ipdsId":"IP-060676","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015634","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341868,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ethiopia","otherGeospatial":"Amhara region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wimberly, Michael C.","contributorId":167855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wimberly","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5089,"text":"South Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":696469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70112315,"text":"ds861 - 2014 - Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T12:24:12","indexId":"ds861","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"861","title":"Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012","docAbstract":"Records were obtained for 305 wells and 1 spring in northwestern Lee and southeastern Chatham counties, North Carolina. Well depths ranged from 26 to 720 feet and yields ranged from 0.25 to 100 gallons per minute. A subset of 56 wells and 1 spring were sampled for baseline groundwaterquality constituents including the following: major ions; dissolved metals; nutrients; dissolved gases (including methane); volatile and semivolatile organic compounds; glycols; isotopes of strontium, radium, methane (if sufficient concentration), and water; and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon. Dissolved methane gas concentrations were low, ranging from less than 0.00007 (lowest reporting level) to 0.48 milligrams per liter. Concentrations of nitrate, boron, iron, manganese, sulfate, chloride, total dissolved solids, and measurements of pH exceeded federal and state drinking water standards in a few samples. Iron and manganese concentrations exceeded the secondary (aesthetic) drinking water standard in approximately 35 to 37 percent of the samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds861","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Chapman, M.J., Gurley, L., and Fitzgerald, S., 2014, Baseline well inventory and groundwater-quality data from a potential shale gas resource area in parts of Lee and Chatham Counties, North Carolina, October 2011-August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 861, Report; vi, 22 p.; 4 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds861.","productDescription":"Report; vi, 22 p.; 4 Appendices","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","ipdsId":"IP-049025","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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The key modification is the robust principal component transformation of the isometric log-ratio transforms of the element concentrations. This principal component transformation and the associated dimension reduction are applied before the data are clustered. The principal advantage of this modification is that it significantly improves the stability of the clustering. The principal disadvantage is that it requires subjective selection of the number of clusters and the number of principal components. To evaluate the efficacy of this modified procedure, it is applied to soil geochemical data that comprise 959 samples from the state of Colorado (USA) for which the concentrations of 44 elements are measured. The distributions of element concentrations that are derived from the mixture model and from the field samples are similar, indicating that the mixture model is a suitable representation of the transformed geochemical data. 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correlates of crayfish distributions in a mined watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:00:05","indexId":"70173416","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physical habitat and water quality correlates of crayfish distributions in a mined watershed","docAbstract":"In mined watersheds, water quality alters aquatic faunas, but few studies have focused on associations between stream habitat and crayfish distributions. We examined associations of water quality and physical habitat quality on presence/absence of six crayfish species in the upper Kanawha River drainage of southern West Virginia, USA, a region with a long history of surface and mountaintop removal mining of coal. Data supported an association of physical habitat quality with the presence of four species (Cambarus carinirostris, Cambarus robustus, Cambarus cf. sciotensis, and Orconectes sanbornii). Cambarus bartonii cavatus and the non-native Orconectes virilis were associated with lower quality physical habitat than that of the other four species. Relative to other species, C. b. cavatus was associated with the lowest conductivity values, whereas O. virilis was associated with the highest conductivity values. Secondary and tertiary burrowers were generally associated with relatively high-quality physical habitat. However, C. b. cavatus, a crayfish known to burrow extensively in headwater streams, was associated with the lowest quality physical habitat. Physical habitat quality was generally supported over stream conductivity as a variable influencing crayfish distributions. Our data demonstrate the importance of stream habitat quality when assessing crayfish assemblages within mined watersheds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s10750-014-2095-y","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., and Loughman, Z.J., 2014, Physical habitat and water quality correlates of crayfish distributions in a mined watershed: Hydrobiologia, v. 745, no. 1, p. 85-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2095-y.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059642","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Kanawha River drainage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -81.749267578125,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -81.968994140625,\n 38.33303882235456\n ],\n [\n -82.0458984375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -81.837158203125,\n 37.84015683604134\n ],\n [\n -81.573486328125,\n 37.779398571318765\n ],\n [\n -81.265869140625,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -81.01318359375,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -80.804443359375,\n 38.09998264736481\n ],\n [\n -81.090087890625,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -81.32080078125,\n 38.436379603\n ],\n [\n -81.49658203125,\n 38.436379603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"745","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb8e4b07657d19ba78d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loughman, Zachary J.","contributorId":76157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loughman","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70133231,"text":"ds883 - 2014 - USGS Field Activities 12BHM01, 12BHM02, 12BHM03, 12BHM04, and 12BHM05 on the West Florida Shelf, in February, April, May, June, and August 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-11T09:24:29","indexId":"ds883","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"883","title":"USGS Field Activities 12BHM01, 12BHM02, 12BHM03, 12BHM04, and 12BHM05 on the West Florida Shelf, in February, April, May, June, and August 2012","docAbstract":"Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by the ocean’s surface where it combines with seawater to form a weak, naturally occurring acid called carbonic acid (H2CO3). Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere results in the absorption of more CO2 by the ocean and, therefore, increases in the acidity of seawater. This process, known as ocean acidification, has the potential to elicit change in ecosystems and organisms by disrupting biological processes. For example, ocean acidification is a problem for marine organisms such as corals, foraminifera, and algae that precipitate calcium carbonate to form their skeletons and shells (Kleypas and others, 2006). The effects are related to corresponding changes in the carbonate saturation state (Ω), where Ω is the ratio of the ion concentration product (Ca2+ x CO32-) to the stoichiometric aragonite solubility product (K*sp) (Langdon and Atkinson, 2005). Because pH and CO32- are strongly interdependent through the inorganic carbon system, the decrease in pH will cause a proportionally greater decrease in CO32-.
\n\n
Globally, ocean acidification is occurring faster than at any time in the last 300 million years (Broeker and others, 1979). Recent evidence indicates that individual oceans are responding at different rates, depending on physical and biological processes. For example in the Arctic Ocean, the rate of saturation state decrease was 2.1 percent per year between 1997 and 2010 (Robbins and others., 2013) in an area as large as Montana, largely because of increases in melt of ice, versus the average rate observed for the Pacific Ocean (0.36 percent per year) (Feely and others, 2012). Unfortunately, comparative data sets over multiyear time frames are often not available because time series baseline carbon information has not been collected in many oceans. Data are needed in subtropical latitudes where carbonate saturation states are already naturally low and fluctuate seasonally. These data will help construct a baseline for the assessment of future changes.
\n\n
As part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program project \"Response of Florida Shelf Ecosystems to Climate Change\" and in partnership with Kendra Daly, University of South Florida (USF), data on surface ocean carbonate chemistry were collected on five cruises along transects on the shallow inner west Florida shelf and northern Gulf of Mexico in 2012. Data from the 2011 cruises were also published (Robbins and others., 2013). The data collected allows the USGS, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and USF scientists to map variations in ocean chemistry including carbonate saturation states along designated tracks. The USGS also partners with NOAA and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to model air-sea flux as part of a Gulf of Mexico Carbon Synthesis project led by NASA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds883","usgsCitation":"Robbins, L.L., Knorr, P.O., Daly, K.L., and Barrera, K.E., 2014, USGS Field Activities 12BHM01, 12BHM02, 12BHM03, 12BHM04, and 12BHM05 on the West Florida Shelf, in February, April, May, June, and August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 883, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds883.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-02-01","temporalEnd":"2012-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-051019","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds883.png"},{"id":295960,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0883/"},{"id":295982,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0883/html/ds883_abstract.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"West Florida Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 30.14512718337613\n ],\n [\n -82.265625,\n 27.371767300523047\n ],\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 27.371767300523047\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251ee4b0ba83040c6a54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knorr, Paul O. pknorr@usgs.gov","contributorId":3691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knorr","given":"Paul","email":"pknorr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daly, Kendra L.","contributorId":79018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barrera, Kira E. 0000-0002-2807-4795 kbarrera@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-4795","contributorId":4910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrera","given":"Kira","email":"kbarrera@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133281,"text":"ofr20141232 - 2014 - Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-13T09:45:51","indexId":"ofr20141232","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-11T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1232","title":"Surface wave site characterization at 27 locations near Boston, Massachusetts, including 2 strong-motion stations","docAbstract":"The geotechnical properties of the soils in and around Boston, Massachusetts, have been extensively studied. This is partly due to the importance of the Boston Blue Clay and the extent of landfill in the Boston area. Although New England is not a region that is typically associated with seismic hazards, there have been several historical earthquakes that have caused significant ground shaking (for example, see Street and Lacroix, 1979; Ebel, 1996; Ebel, 2006). The possibility of strong ground shaking, along with heightened vulnerability from unreinforced masonry buildings, motivates further investigation of seismic hazards throughout New England. Important studies that are pertinent to seismic hazards in New England include source-parameter studies (Somerville and others, 1987; Boore and others, 2010), wave-propagation studies (Frankel, 1991; Viegas and others, 2010), empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPE) for computing ground-motion intensity (Tavakoli and Pezeshk, 2005; Atkinson and Boore, 2006), site-response studies (Hayles and others, 2001; Ebel and Kim, 2006), and liquefaction studies (Brankman and Baise, 2008). The shear-wave velocity (VS) profiles collected for this report are pertinent to the GMPE, site response, and liquefaction aspects of seismic hazards in the greater Boston area. Besides the application of these data for the Boston region, the data may be applicable throughout New England, through correlations with geologic units (similar to Ebel and Kim, 2006) or correlations with topographic slope (Wald and Allen, 2007), because few VS measurements are available in stable tectonic regions.
Ebel and Hart (2001) used felt earthquake reports to infer amplification patterns throughout the greater Boston region and noted spatial correspondence with the dominant period and amplification factors obtained from ambient noise (horizontal-to-vertical ratios) by Kummer (1998). Britton (2003) compiled geotechnical borings in the area and produced a microzonation map based on generalized velocity profiles, where the amplifications were computed using Shake (Schnable and others, 1972), along with an assumed input ground motion. The velocities were constrained by only a few local measurements associated with the Central Artery/Tunnel project. The additional VS measurements presented in this report provide a number of benefits. First, these measurements provide improved spatial coverage. Second, the larger sample size provides better constraints on the mean and variance of the VS distribution for each layer, which may be paired with a three-dimensional (3D) model of the stratigraphy to generate one-dimensional (1D) profiles for use in a standard site-response analysis (for example, Britton, 2003). Third, the velocity profiles may also be used, along with a 3D model of the stratigraphy, as input into a 3D simulation of the ground motion to investigate the effects of basin-generated surface waves and the potential focusing of seismic waves.
This report begins with a short review of the geology of the study area and the field methods that we used to estimate the velocity profiles. The raw data, processed data, and the interpreted VS profiles are given in appendix 1. Photographs and descriptions of the sites are provided in appendix 2.
Significant quantities of water are present in hydrocarbon reservoirs. When brought to the land surface during oil, gas, and coalbed methane production, the water—either naturally occurring or injected as a method to enhance production—is termed produced water. Produced water is currently managed through processes such as recycling, treatment and discharge, spreading on roads, evaporation or infiltration, and deep well injection. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists conduct research and publish data related to produced water, thus providing information and insight to scientists, decisionmakers, the energy industry, and the public. The information advances scientific knowledge, informs resource management decisions, and facilitates environmental protection. This fact sheet discusses integrated research being conducted by USGS scientists supported by programs in the Energy and Minerals and Environmental Health Mission Areas. The research products help inform decisions pertaining to understanding the nature and management of produced water in the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143104","collaboration":"Integrated Research by the Energy and Minerals and the Environmental Health Mission Areas","usgsCitation":"Engle, M.A., Cozzarelli, I.M., and Smith, B.D., 2014, USGS investigations of water produced during hydrocarbon reservoir development: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3104, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143104.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056678","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143104.jpg"},{"id":295979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3104/"},{"id":295980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3104/pdf/fs2014-3104.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5463251fe4b0ba83040c6a5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133363,"text":"70133363 - 2014 - Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T18:07:11.514468","indexId":"70133363","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems","docAbstract":"Over the next century, one of the largest contributions to sea level rise will come from ice sheets and glaciers calving ice into the ocean1. Factors controlling the rapid and nonlinear variations in calving fluxes are poorly understood, and therefore difficult to include in prognostic climate-forced land-ice models. Here we analyse globally distributed calving data sets from Svalbard, Alaska (USA), Greenland and Antarctica in combination with simulations from a first-principles, particle-based numerical calving model to investigate the size and inter-event time of calving events. We find that calving events triggered by the brittle fracture of glacier ice are governed by the same power-law distributions as avalanches in the canonical Abelian sandpile model2. This similarity suggests that calving termini behave as self-organized critical systems that readily flip between states of sub-critical advance and super-critical retreat in response to changes in climate and geometric conditions. Observations of sudden ice-shelf collapse and tidewater glacier retreat in response to gradual warming of their environment3 are consistent with a system fluctuating around its critical point in response to changing external forcing. We propose that self-organized criticality provides a yet unexplored framework for investigations into calving and projections of sea level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2290","usgsCitation":"Astrom, J., Vallot, D., Schafer, M., Welty, E., O’Neel, S., Bartholomaus, T., Liu, Y., Riikila, T., Zwinger, T., Timonen, J., and Moore, J.N., 2014, Termini of calving glaciers as self-organized critical systems: Nature Geoscience, v. 7, p. 874-878, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2290.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"874","endPage":"878","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058378","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Astrom, J.","contributorId":127397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Astrom","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6937,"text":"CSC – IT Centre for Science, P.O. Box 405, 02101, Espoo, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallot, D.","contributorId":127398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vallot","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6938,"text":"Department of Earth Science, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schafer, M.","contributorId":127399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schafer","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6939,"text":"Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, PL122, 96100 Rovaniemi, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welty, E.","contributorId":56464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welty","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartholomaus, T.C.","contributorId":94569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomaus","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Riikila, T.","contributorId":127401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riikila","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6941,"text":"Department of Physics and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zwinger, T.","contributorId":82612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwinger","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Timonen, J.","contributorId":248787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timonen","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Moore, Johnnie N.","contributorId":13668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Johnnie","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70131482,"text":"70131482 - 2014 - Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:25:14","indexId":"70131482","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling","docAbstract":"Groundwater upwelling to streams creates unique habitat by influencing stream water quality and temperature; upwelling zones also serve as vectors for contamination when groundwater is degraded. Temperature time series data acquired along vertical profiles in the streambed have been applied to simple analytical models to determine rates of vertical fluid flux. These models are based on the downward propagation characteristics (amplitude attenuation and phase-lag) of the surface diurnal signal. Despite the popularity of these models, there are few published characterizations of moderate-to-strong upwelling. We attribute this limitation to the thermodynamics of upwelling, under which the downward conductive signal transport from the streambed interface occurs opposite the upward advective fluid flux. Governing equations describing the advection–diffusion of heat within the streambed predict that under upwelling conditions, signal amplitude attenuation will increase, but, counterintuitively, phase-lag will decrease. Therefore the extinction (measurable) depth of the diurnal signal is very shallow, but phase lag is also short, yielding low signal to noise ratio and poor model sensitivity. Conversely, amplitude attenuation over similar sensor spacing is strong, yielding greater potential model sensitivity. Here we present streambed thermal time series over a range of moderate to strong upwelling sites in the Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The predicted inverse relationship between phase-lag and rate of upwelling was observed in the field data over a range of conditions, but the observed phase-lags were consistently shorter than predicted. Analytical solutions for fluid flux based on signal amplitude attenuation return results consistent with numerical models and physical seepage meters, but the phase-lag analytical model results are generally unreasonable. Through numerical modeling we explore reasons why phase-lag may have been over-predicted by the analytical models, and develop guiding relations of diurnal temperature signal extinction depth based on stream diurnal signal amplitude, upwelling magnitude, and streambed thermal properties that will be useful in designing future experiments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.030","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Lautz, L.K., Buckley, S.F., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Practical limitations on the use of diurnal temperature signals to quantify groundwater upwelling: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. B, p. 1739-1751, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.030.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1739","endPage":"1751","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057864","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295952,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169414007124"}],"volume":"519","issue":"B","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545ddf17e4b0ba8303f8b62a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lautz, Laura K.","contributorId":124523,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lautz","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buckley, Sean F. sbuckley@usgs.gov","contributorId":3910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"Sean","email":"sbuckley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70131483,"text":"70131483 - 2014 - On the downscaling of actual evapotranspiration maps based on combination of MODIS and landsat-based actual evapotranspiration estimates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T11:27:04","indexId":"70131483","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the downscaling of actual evapotranspiration maps based on combination of MODIS and landsat-based actual evapotranspiration estimates","docAbstract":"Downscaling is one of the important ways of utilizing the combined benefits of the high temporal resolution of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and fine spatial resolution of Landsat images. We have evaluated the output regression with intercept method and developed the Linear with Zero Intercept (LinZI) method for downscaling MODIS-based monthly actual evapotranspiration (AET) maps to the Landsat-scale monthly AET maps for the Colorado River Basin for 2010. We used the 8-day MODIS land surface temperature product (MOD11A2) and 328 cloud-free Landsat images for computing AET maps and downscaling. The regression with intercept method does have limitations in downscaling if the slope and intercept are computed over a large area. A good agreement was obtained between downscaled monthly AET using the LinZI method and the eddy covariance measurements from seven flux sites within the Colorado River Basin. The mean bias ranged from −16 mm (underestimation) to 22 mm (overestimation) per month, and the coefficient of determination varied from 0.52 to 0.88. Some discrepancies between measured and downscaled monthly AET at two flux sites were found to be due to the prevailing flux footprint. A reasonable comparison was also obtained between downscaled monthly AET using LinZI method and the gridded FLUXNET dataset. The downscaled monthly AET nicely captured the temporal variation in sampled land cover classes. The proposed LinZI method can be used at finer temporal resolution (such as 8 days) with further evaluation. The proposed downscaling method will be very useful in advancing the application of remotely sensed images in water resources planning and management.
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For the State of Kansas, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.
\nThe National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143106","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2014, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3106, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143106.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059303","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143106.jpg"},{"id":295945,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3106/"},{"id":295946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3106/pdf/fs2014-3106.pdf","text":"Report","size":"285 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United 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William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128252,"text":"sir20145193 - 2014 - An initial abstraction and constant loss model, and methods for estimating unit hydrographs, peak streamflows, and flood volumes for urban basins in Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T13:13:55","indexId":"sir20145193","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-07T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5193","title":"An initial abstraction and constant loss model, and methods for estimating unit hydrographs, peak streamflows, and flood volumes for urban basins in Missouri","docAbstract":"Streamflow data, basin characteristics, and rainfall data from 39 streamflow-gaging stations for urban areas in and adjacent to Missouri were used by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Metropolitan Sewer District of St. Louis to develop an initial abstraction and constant loss model (a time-distributed basin-loss model) and a gamma unit hydrograph (GUH) for urban areas in Missouri. Study-specific methods to determine peak streamflow and flood volume for a given rainfall event also were developed.
\n\n
Distinct basin characteristics were evaluated and selected for use on the basis of their theoretical relation to flow, results from previous studies, and the ability to reliably measure the basin characteristic using digital datasets and geographic information system (GIS) technology. The key basin characteristics determined or computed for each of the 39 basins upstream from the streamflow-gaging stations were drainage area, percent impervious area, main-channel slope based on the 10- and 85-percent length method, percentage of the basin area in storage (lakes, ponds, reservoirs, wetlands), the composite Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number estimated from a combination of the soil type data and land-use characteristics, and the streamflow variability index developed for the recently completed study of low-flow regression in Missouri.
\n\n
Characteristics of spatial and temporal rainfall distribution came from the next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) network. Procedures were developed for this study to convert the variable radar sweep rate into a 5-minute total rainfall hyetograph using data from the radar bin at the centroid of a given basin. Additional characteristics determined for each storm on the basin included the 5-day and 14-day antecedent rainfall, estimated from the mean of daily rainfall values from various rain gages in the area.
\n\n
The database of observed rainfall and runoff events for the 39 basins upstream from the streamflow-gaging stations was analyzed to compute the optimal storm-specific initial abstraction and constant loss values, as well as the time to peak, peak streamflow, and shape factor values of the GUH. The optimal storm-specific values were used to develop a regional regression equation for initial abstraction; conversely, the constant loss was estimated not by regression but from either a generalized or specific regional mean value. The optimal storm-specific values of GUH time to peak, GUH peak streamflow, and GUH shape factor were used to develop regression equations for the GUH.
\n\n
The regression equations for the GUH initially were tested alone, and then were combined with the appropriate regional regression equation for initial abstraction and both the generalized regional and specific regional mean constant loss values. For the GUH regression equations, the interquartile range was substantially smaller than the range spanned by the minimum and maximum values, which indicates most of the errors have much smaller variation, and the minimum and maximum values may be extreme outliers. The central tendency of the regressed errors for peak streamflow and runoff hydrograph volume were both approximately zero, which implies a generally unbiased estimation of these values. The mean and median of the regressed errors for time to peak streamflow were both small but greater than zero, which implies the GUH regression equations create a hydrograph that has a peak that is later in time than observed. Specifically, the regressed times indicate an offset of about 10 minutes, on average, from observed. The mean and median of the regressed errors for widths of the runoff hydrograph at 50 and 75 percent were less than zero, which implies the GUH tends to slightly underestimate these widths compared to the observed.
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The appropriate regional initial abstraction regression equation was combined with both the generalized and the specific regional mean constant loss values and the GUH regression equations. Both the generalized regional mean constant loss and specific regional mean constant loss forms of the basin-loss model worked equally well to model the observed runoff hydrograph based on the error analysis, and neither model seems to make a consistently better approximation. Both initial abstraction and constant loss models combined with the GUH regression equations were further validated using several storms available after the start of the project in early 2011 with similar but consistently higher error results. If these methods are used in an urban area in Missouri other than those examined in this study, advice to the user is given to consider using the generalized regional mean values. If these methods are used in an urban area that is a subbasin of one of the basins in this study, advice to the user is given to consider using the specific regional mean values.
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The rainfall-runoff pairs from the storm-specific GUH analysis were further analyzed against various basin and rainfall characteristics to develop equations to estimate the peak streamflow and flood volume based on a quantity of rainfall on the basin.
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