The geologic framework of the surficial aquifer system, of which the Biscayne aquifer is the major component in Broward County, Florida, is presented in eight geologic cross sections. The cross sections are based on detailed lithologic logs of 27 test wells that were drilled, in the summer of 1981, through the sediments overlying the relatively impermeable units of the Hawthorn Formation, of Miocene age. The cross sections show the aquifer system as a wedge-shaped sequence of Cenozoic sediments. The aquifer thickness gradually decreases from more than 400 feet along the coast to about 160 feet in the west and southwest parts of Broward County. The sediments that comprise the aquifer system range in age from Pliocene to Pleistocene and are assigned to the following stratigraphic units from bottom to top: Tamiami Formation, Caloosahatchee Marl, Fort Thompson Formation, Key Largo Limestone, Anastasia Formation, Miami Oolite, and Pamlico Sand.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844068","usgsCitation":"Causaras, C., 1985, Geology of the surficial aquifer system Broward County, Florida: Lithologic logs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4068, Report: 167 p.; 2 Plates: 43.55 x 31.77 inches and 41.19 x 33.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844068.","productDescription":"Report: 167 p.; 2 Plates: 43.55 x 31.77 inches and 41.19 x 33.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415586,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35964.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123469,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55400,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55401,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55402,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.117,\n 26.351\n ],\n [\n -80.875,\n 26.351\n ],\n [\n -80.875,\n 25.967\n ],\n [\n -80.117,\n 25.967\n ],\n [\n -80.117,\n 26.351\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causaras, C. R.","contributorId":66679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causaras","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175043,"text":"70175043 - 1985 - Seasonal and interannual nutrient variability in northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:22:48","indexId":"70175043","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal and interannual nutrient variability in northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and estuarine geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.E., Peterson, D.H., Hager, S., Harmon, D., Schemel, L., and Herndon, R., 1985, Seasonal and interannual nutrient variability in northern San Francisco Bay, chap. of Marine and estuarine geochemistry, p. 137-159.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"159","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325725,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db70e4b0589fa1c7ea91","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sigleo, A.C.","contributorId":20899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigleo","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643701,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harmon, D.D.","contributorId":78749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harmon","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herndon, R.E.","contributorId":103354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herndon","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175195,"text":"70175195 - 1985 - Abundance fluctuations among benthic invertebrates in two pacific estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T13:26:53","indexId":"70175195","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1583,"text":"Estuaries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Abundance fluctuations among benthic invertebrates in two pacific estuaries","docAbstract":"Long-term studies were used to examine (1) contrasting time scales and mechanisms of structural variations within two benthic communities and (2) the usefulness of long data sets for evaluating human impact. A 10-year study of a San Francisco Bay mudflat, the details of which are reported elsewhere, has revealed large short-term (on the order of months) variations in species abundances within a community composed predominantly of opportunistic species. The study site, located in a highly urbanized estuary, is subject to the influence of a nearby sewage-treatment facility. However, rapid changes in population size of the common species, in part due to periodic natural habitat disturbance, impedes the detection of anthropogenic influences on community composition. Only a very long-term data set may provide evidence of progressive change. Data collected for a 20-year period on the benthic community at 200 m depth in the main basin of Puget Sound, an environment subject to little apparent habitat disturbance show that numerical abundance of the common species can also change markedly. Here, however, numerical dominance shifts from one species to another at irregular, multiyear intervals. Recent increases in two heretofore rare species, and a significant increase in total numbers of individuals suggest that long-term changes may be occurring in this community. These two long-term data sets demonstrate the importance of measuring both the amplitude and the periodicity of fluctuations in population size of aquatic species as well as long-term fluctuations and patterns in environmental factors before attempting to demonstrate the effect of anthropogenic influences on aquatic communities. The results of these studies also demonstrate the usefulness of long-term data sets for revealing the potential importance of interactions among species in determining abundance patterns in the soft-bottom benthos.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351863","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F.H., 1985, Abundance fluctuations among benthic invertebrates in two pacific estuaries: Estuaries, v. 8, no. 2, p. 136-144, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351863.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"144","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c42ce4b006cb45552bea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29912,"text":"wri854087 - 1985 - Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-13T19:17:59.193897","indexId":"wri854087","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4087","title":"Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer and associated hydrogeologic units was developed to evaluate the movement of coal-tar derivatives from a coal-tar distillation and wood-preserving plant in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. A finite-difference grid was superimposed on the modeled area, which includes most of eastern Hennepin County. The individual cells are 400-foot squares in the center of the grid (St. Louis Park area); the cells increase in dimension toward the outside limits of the grid. Five geologic units are represented by four layers in the model. These units include the Jordan Sandstone, the Prairie du Chien Group (dolomite and sandy dolomite), the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone (silty and sandy shale), the St. Peter Sandstone, and glacial deposits in bedrock valleys.
The model was calibrated for steady-state conditions for a period before significant ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970 fs). A transient calibration was accomplished by simulation of a period during which seasonal changes in potentiometric head in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were significant (1977-80). Sensitivity testing indicated that leakage to the upper model layer and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the basal confining unit of the St. Peter Sandstone were the model hydrologic properties which, when changed, resulted in the greatest changes in model-calculated water levels. The calibrated model generally calculates water levels that are within 10 feet of measured values.
Model simulations indicate that the potentiometric surface of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer would be raised by as much as 3 feet in the area of the plant site by water introduced into the aquifer through wells open to more than one aquifer system. The cones of impression created at these wells could have a significant impact on the transport of contaminants in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan.
The presence of coal-tar derivatives in the aquifer has been difficult to explain in wells located upgradient from the plant site to the north, west, and southwest. Simulations suggest that, during periods of heavy withdrawal from certain of these wells (SLP10, SLP15, and SLP5), local hydraulic gradients may have been altered, resulting in the potential for the movement of contaminants from the area of the plant site to the wells. Cones of impression at multiaquifer wells near the plant site contributed to the alteration of local gradients.
Simulation of a proposed gradient-control plan, in which lateral homogeneity and isotropy of individual hydro geologic units was assumed, indicates that the actions would be effective in limiting expansion of the contaminated volume in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. The plan includes the control of withdrawal from five wells. The simulations also show, however, that modelcalculated potentiometric surfaces are sensitive to changes in withdrawal rates at wells not intended to be under the control of the plan. Management of discharge from these wells also will be important to overall effectiveness of the remedial-action plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854087","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Hult, M.F., 1985, Ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer related to contamination by coal-tar derivatives, St. Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4087, v, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854087.","productDescription":"v, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36260.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119515,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58730,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","otherGeospatial":"Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 45.083\n ],\n [\n -93.583,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 44.783\n ],\n [\n -93.167,\n 45.083\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hult, M. F.","contributorId":29817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175199,"text":"70175199 - 1985 - Persistence of an introduced mud flat community in south San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-02T13:53:33","indexId":"70175199","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Persistence of an introduced mud flat community in south San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"The benthic invertebrate community inhabiting the extensive and sedimentologically homogeneous mudflats of South San Francisco Bay has demonstrated a high degree of constancy in both species composition and relative abundance among species throughout 10 yr of observation. The community, composed predominantly of introduced species with opportunistic lifestyles, is dominated numerically by Gemma gernma, Ampelisca abdita, and Streblospio benedicti. The key to the persistent co-occurrence of these species on the mudflats seems to lie in the combination of (1) the recurrence of minor disturbances of the mudflat habitat (e.g. sediment deposition/erosion, inundation by low-salinity water) on time scales comparable to that of life cycles; (2) opportunistic life history strategies (rapid maturity, brooding of young, multiple generations each year, ease of local dispersal of both juveniles and adults) that permit continued colonization of the mudflat surface or rapid recolonization after disturbances. Only 1 of the 3 numerically-dominant species. A. abdita, displays an annual periodicity in abundance. S. benedicti and G. gemma, through broadly flexible reproductive strategies permitted in the mild San Francisco climate, can exhibit strong recruitment at any time between spring and autumn. The most extreme community changes, involving temporary reduction or elimination of normally dominant populations, occurred as a result of anomalous disturbances such as unusual buildup and decay of an algal mat during 1 summer and prolonged periods of unusually high freshwater inflow during 2 successive winters. The introduced opportunists routinely co-occur at high densities. However, one of these, the tube-dwelling amphipod A. abdita, may control the abundance of the native mollusk Macoma balthica.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F.H., and Thompson, J.K., 1985, Persistence of an introduced mud flat community in south San Francisco Bay, California: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 24, p. 83-97.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325937,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v24/"}],"volume":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57a1c431e4b006cb45552c34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Frederic H.","contributorId":25548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Frederic","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013191,"text":"70013191 - 1985 - QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013191","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS.","docAbstract":"Reference samples are submitted semiannually to field analysts for measurement of these parameters with the same techniques and instruments used in the field. Both the personnel and the instruments involved in making the determinations are recorded. When the data are complete, a report defining the quality of the analytical results is prepared and circulated to appropriate District, Regional, and National offices. Field data, in addition to their immediate use, are normally placed in a national data base and are available to all hydrologists. As a result, the quality of field measurements can have a profound effect on their investigations. The quality assurance program described is designed to insure that the field data of the Water Resources Division are highly accurate.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Quality Assurance for Environmental Measurements.","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803102240","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, D.E., and Thomas, J., 1985, QUALITY ASSURANCE OF U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-QUALITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS., in ASTM Special Technical Publication, Boulder, CO, USA, p. 110-115.","startPage":"110","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a906de4b0c8380cd7fd1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, D. E.","contributorId":30264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, J.D.","contributorId":76884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012260,"text":"70012260 - 1985 - Wave energy saturation on a natural beach of variable slope","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-27T15:52:41.013736","indexId":"70012260","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9107,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave energy saturation on a natural beach of variable slope","docAbstract":"Time series of flow were measured across the inner surf zone during a storm. These data were used to quantify the dependence of wave height (transformed from measured flow) and velocity on local slope and depth. Similar to previous studies, as incident waves broke and propagated into the surf zone, wave energy became saturated, and wave height was strongly dependent on depth. However, the ratio of rms wave height to local depth (γrms) was found not to be constant but to vary between 0.29 and 0.55; γrms increased with local slope and was independent of deepwater wave steepness. Thus the surf zone similarity parameter (the ratio of slope to the square root of steepness) did not adequately parameterize γrms.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JC090iC06p11939","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Sallenger, A.H., and Holman, R., 1985, Wave energy saturation on a natural beach of variable slope: Journal of Geophysical Research - Oceans, v. 90, no. C6, p. 11939-11944, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC090iC06p11939.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11939","endPage":"11944","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222124,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"C6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf91e4b08c986b32e998","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sallenger, A. H. Jr.","contributorId":8818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holman, R.A.","contributorId":73751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holman","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013035,"text":"70013035 - 1985 - Water analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-10T16:49:13.576823","indexId":"70013035","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water analysis","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ac00282a004","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J.R., Steinheimer, T., and Taylor, H.E., 1985, Water analysis: Analytical Chemistry, v. 57, no. 5, p. 46-88, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00282a004.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220008,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc797e4b08c986b32c518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, John R. jrgarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"John","email":"jrgarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinheimer, T.R.","contributorId":106166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinheimer","given":"T.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012903,"text":"70012903 - 1985 - Dissolution of olivine in basaltic liquids: experimental observations and applications.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70012903","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissolution of olivine in basaltic liquids: experimental observations and applications.","docAbstract":"Rates of olivine dissolution in synthetic lunar basalt 77115 and a silica-enriched 77115 composition (Sil-77115) at superliquidus temperatures have been determined. Dissolution-rate data have been applied to the problem of the thermal history of fragment-laden impact-melt rocks of the lunar highlands. Textural and chemical criteria are discussed for the recognition of olivine resorption (and growth) phenomena in igneous rocks. -J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Thornber, C., and Huebner, J., 1985, Dissolution of olivine in basaltic liquids: experimental observations and applications.: American Mineralogist, v. 70, no. 9-10, p. 934-945.","startPage":"934","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a022fe4b0c8380cd4ff26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thornber, C.R.","contributorId":69302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huebner, J.S.","contributorId":41422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012264,"text":"70012264 - 1985 - NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012264","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES.","docAbstract":"Five reports dealing with flood magnitude and frequency in urban areas in the Southeastern United States have been published during the past 2 years by the U. S. Geological Survey. These reports are based on data collected in Tampa and Tallahassee, Florida, Atlanta, Georgia, and several cities in Alabama and Tennessee. Each report contains regression equations useful for estimating flood peaks for selected recurrence intervals at ungaged urban sites in their respective study area. A nationwide study of urban flood characteristics by the Geological Survey published in 1983 contains equations for estimating urban peak discharges for ungaged sites throughout the United States.","largerWorkTitle":"University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1985 International Symposium on Urban Hydrology, Hydraulic Infrastructures and Water Quality Control.","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Kentucky","publisherLocation":"Office of Engineering Services (OES P-845224), Lexington, KY, USA","issn":"02706504","isbn":"0897790634","usgsCitation":"Sauer, V.B., 1985, NEW STUDIES OF URBAN FLOOD FREQUENCY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES., in University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU, Lexington, KY, USA, p. 195-201.","startPage":"195","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6145e4b0c8380cd718ad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Huffsey Ralph R.De Vore R.William","contributorId":128373,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Huffsey Ralph R.De Vore R.William","id":536246,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, Vernon B.","contributorId":92645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Vernon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013027,"text":"70013027 - 1985 - Point- and nonpoint-source trace elements in a wild and scenic river of northern New Mexico.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-15T20:54:35","indexId":"70013027","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2456,"text":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Point- and nonpoint-source trace elements in a wild and scenic river of northern New Mexico.","docAbstract":"Variations in water quality of the upper Rio Grande and Red River are presented. A downstream increase in concentrations of various constituents, at times approaching or exceeding water quality standards, occurred due to leaching of natural ore bodies and permitted discharges from molybdenum mill tailings ponds. Nonpoint sources are a major cause of elevated trace element concentrations.-from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Soil and Water Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil and Water Conservation Society","usgsCitation":"Garn, H., 1985, Point- and nonpoint-source trace elements in a wild and scenic river of northern New Mexico.: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 40, no. 5, p. 458-462.","startPage":"458","endPage":"462","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269421,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jswconline.org/content/40/5/458.abstract"}],"volume":"40","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7cb6e4b0c8380cd79b34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garn, H.S.","contributorId":42601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garn","given":"H.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013003,"text":"70013003 - 1985 - An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on 210Pb Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:44:29.513906","indexId":"70013003","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An estimate of hydrothermal fluid residence times and vent chimney growth rates based on 210Pb Pb ratios and mineralogic studies of sulfides dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge","docAbstract":"The210PbPb ratios across two sulfide samples dredged from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are used to estimate the growth rate of the sulfide material and the residence time of the hydrothermal fluid within the oceanic crust from the onset of basalt alteration.210Pb is added to the hydrothermal fluid by two processes: (1) high-temperature alteration of basalt and (2) if the residence time of the fluid is on the order of the 22.3-year half-life of210Pb, by in-situ growth from222Rn (Krishnaswami and Turekian, 1982). Stable lead is derived only from the alteration of basalt.
The210Pb/Pb ratio across one sample was ∼ 0.5 dpm/10−6 g Pb, and across the other it was ∼ 0.4 dpm/10−6 g Pb. These values are quite close to the238UP/b ratios of basalts from the area, suggesting that the residence time of the hydrothermal fluid from the onset of basalt alteration is appreciably less than the mean life of210Pb, i.e., the time required for ingrowth from the radon.
An apparent growth rate of 1.2 cm/yr is derived from the slope of the210Pb/Pb curve for one of the samples. This is consistent with its mineralogy and texture which suggest an accretionary pattern of development. There is no obvious sequential growth pattern, and virtually no gradient in210Pb/Pb across the second sample. This is consistent with alteration of the original210Pb/Pb distribution by extensive remobilization reactions which are inferred from the mineralogic and textural relationships of the sample.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.285.8.725","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1985, An empirical equation of state for hydrothermal seawater (3.2 percent NaCl): American Journal of Science, v. 285, no. 8, p. 725-763, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.8.725.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"725","endPage":"763","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"285","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea35e4b0c8380cd486e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012905,"text":"70012905 - 1985 - Case for periodic, colossal jokulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T00:46:32.439823","indexId":"70012905","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Case for periodic, colossal jokulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula","docAbstract":"Two classes of field evidence firmly establish that late Wisconsin glacial Lake Missoula drained periodically as scores of colossal jökulhlaups (glacier-outburst floods). (1) More than 40 successive, flood-laid, sand-to-silt graded rhythmites accumulated in back-flooded valleys in southern Washington. Hiatuses are indicated between flood-laid rhythmites by loess and volcanic ash beds. Disconformities and nonflood sediment between rhythmites are generally scant because precipitation was modest, slopes gentle, and time between floods short. (2) In several newly analyzed deposits of Pleistocene glacial lakes in northern Idaho and Washington, lake beds comprising 20 to 55 varves (average = 30–40) overlie each successive bed of Missoula-flood sediment. These and many other lines of evidence are hostile to the notion that any two successive major rhythmites were deposited by one flood; they dispel the notion that the prodigious floods numbered only a few.
The only outlet of the 2,500-km3 glacial Lake Missoula was through its great ice dam, and so the dam became incipiently buoyant before the lake could rise enough to spill over or around it. Like Grímsvötn, Iceland, Lake Missoula remained sealed as long as any segment of the glacial dam remained grounded; when the lake rose to a critical level ∼600 m in depth, the glacier bed at the seal became buoyant, initiating underflow from the lake. Subglacial tunnels then grew exponentially, leading to catastrophic discharge. Calculations of the water budget for the lake basin (including input from the Cordilleran ice sheet) suggest that the lakes filled every three to seven decades. The hydrostatic prerequisites for a jökulhlaup were thus re-established scores of times during the 2,000- to 2,500-yr episode of last-glacial damming.
J Harlen Bretz's “Spokane flood” outraged geologists six decades ago, partly because it seemed to flaunt catastrophism. The concept that Lake Missoula discharged regularly as jökulhlaups now accords Bretz's catastrophe with uniformitarian principles.
Basal Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata exposed along Roaring Creek, west-central Indiana, exhibit extreme lateral discontinuity. Coal seams abruptly change in thickness and elevation; they split, grade into shale, are cut out by channels and disrupted by soft-sediment deformational structures. Initial sediments were laid down by a network of southwest-flowing streams that traversed a deeply channelized upland surface of Mississippian carbonate rocks. Channels aggraded rapidly as uplands were worn down, so the region changed through time from uplands to upper deltaic plain. Local environments included channels, localized point bars, small natural levees and crevasse splays, overbank deposits, and swamps. Differential compaction and subsidence, slumping stream banks, and possibly collapsing sinkholes influenced sedimentation. As a consequence, coals are too discontinuous for economical mining, although they are locally thick and high in quality.
Contrary to previous work, we find that the decreasing intensity of fundamental molecular vibration bands with decreasing particle size is due primarily to increasing porosity of the finer particle size ranges, rather than to particle size per se. This implies that laser reflectance measurements from orbiting spacecraft should avoid loss of spectral contrast for fine particulate surfaces, because such measurements near zero phase angle will benefit from the opposition effect.
Common-depth-point (CDP) seismic reflection data in the southwestern Bahamas reveal the northern edge of the tectonized zone that resulted from the late Mesozoic-early Cenozoic collision of Cuba and the Bahamas. Two seismic facies are present: a basin facies and a shallow-water carbonate-platform facies. In Santaren Channel, between Cay Sal and the Great Bahama Bank, a 5-sec thick group of coherent flat-lying reflections is inferred to represent an accumulation of deep-water basinal carbonate deposits approximately 10 km thick. At the southern end of Santaren Channel and in Nicholas Channel toward the west, the basinal carbonate section thins abruptly and overlies zones that lack coherent reflections. These structureless zones, which are attended by positive gravity anoma ies, are inferred to represent shallow-water carbonate-platform materials. Neither seismic facies has associated short wavelength magnetic anomalies.
A 10-km broad anticline occurs at the south end of Santaren Channel. Platform carbonates in the core of this structure overlie Early Cretaceous and older basinal carbonate deposits and are onlapped by Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic basinal facies. The structure is inferred to be a hanging-wall anticline at the northern limit of the Cuban fold-thrust belt formed in the Late Cretaceous. In eastern Nicholas Channel, a 40-km broad, tilted block of platform carbonate material appears to have been uplifted prior to the latest Cretaceous. This feature is onlapped by Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic deposits. A depositional-erosional carbonate-platform edge of Early Cretaceous age occurs in western Nicholas Channel at its juncture with the Straits of Florida. An Early Cretaceous platform margin at this location indicates that a deeper water embayment extended northward into the Straits of Florida, around northern Cay Sal Bank, and back into Santaren Channel during the Early Cretaceous.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD462BD2-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Ball, M.M., Martin, R.G., Bock, W.D., Sylwester, R., Bowles, R.M., Taylor, D., Coward, E., Dodd, J.E., and Gilbert, L., 1985, Seismic structure and stratigraphy of northern edge of Bahaman-Cuban collision zone: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 8, p. 1275-1294, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD462BD2-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1275","endPage":"1294","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222495,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"The Bahamas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-77.53466,23.75975],[-77.78,23.71],[-78.03405,24.28615],[-78.40848,24.57564],[-78.19087,25.2103],[-77.89,25.17],[-77.54,24.34],[-77.53466,23.75975]]],[[[-77.82,26.58],[-78.91,26.42],[-78.98,26.79],[-78.51,26.87],[-77.85,26.84],[-77.82,26.58]]],[[[-77,26.59],[-77.17255,25.87918],[-77.35641,26.00735],[-77.34,26.53],[-77.78802,26.92516],[-77.79,27.04],[-77,26.59]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"The Bahamas\"}}]}","volume":"69","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf27e4b0c8380cd873ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, M. M.","contributorId":46941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, R. G.","contributorId":100431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bock, W. D.","contributorId":99701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sylwester, R. E.","contributorId":34137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylwester","given":"R. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bowles, R. M.","contributorId":24497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowles","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, D.","contributorId":79238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coward, E. L.","contributorId":84375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coward","given":"E. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dodd, J. E.","contributorId":57867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodd","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gilbert, L.","contributorId":36294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbert","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70012261,"text":"70012261 - 1985 - Unit hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-05T20:03:23","indexId":"70012261","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unit hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks","docAbstract":"The instantaneous unit Hydrograph (IUH) of a drainage basin is derived in terms of fundamental basin characteristics (Z, α, β), where α parameterizes the link (channel segment) length distribution, and β is a vector of hydraulic parameters, Z is one of three basin topological properties, N, (N, D), or (N, M), where N is magnitude (number of first-order streams), D is diameter (mainstream length), and M is order. The IUH is derived based on assumptions that the links are independent and identically distributed random variables and that the network is a member of a topologically random population. Linear routing schemes, including translation, diffusion, and general linear routing are used, and constant drainage density is assumed. By using (N, α, β) as the fundamental basin characteristics, asymptotic (for large N) considerations lead to a Weibull probability density function for the IUH, with time to peak given by tp = (2N)½ α*/β* where α* is mean link length, and β* is a scalar hydraulic parameter (usually average celerity). This asymptotic IUH is identical for all linear routing schemes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i005p00743","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., and Karlinger, M.R., 1985, Unit hydrograph approximations assuming linear flow through topologically random channel networks: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 5, p. 743-754, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i005p00743.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"743","endPage":"754","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbc88e4b08c986b328cb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":59329,"text":"mf1347E - 1985 - Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T20:32:10.530654","indexId":"mf1347E","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1347","chapter":"E","title":"Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia","docAbstract":"The data for the aerornagnetic map of the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas and vicinity were compiled from two separate airborne surveys {U.S. Geological Survey, 1977, 1981) produced in cooperation with the State of Georgia. These surveys were flown by fixed - wing aircraft in 1976 and 1981 at 500 ft (150 m) above mean terrain along rarallel flight lines oriented northwest-southeast. Flight-line spacing is 0.5 mi (0.8 km} for the 1981 survey, which covers the major part of the map, and l mi (1.6 km) for the 1976 survey, which covers the southeast corner of the map. The 1976 survey was adjusted to the magnetic level of the 1981 survey and recontoured where the surveys join. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (Barraclough and Fabiano, 1975) has been removed from the data of each survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf1347E","usgsCitation":"Daniels, D.L., 1985, Aeromagnetic map and analysis of aeromagnetic and aeroradioactivity data in the Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas, northern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1347, 1 Plate: 38.91 x 39.51 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1347E.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 38.91 x 39.51 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":358788,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1347-E/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183985,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1347-E/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Blood Mountain, Chattahoochee, and Tray Mountain Roadless Areas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84,34.666666666666664 ], [ -84,35 ], [ -83.5,35 ], [ -83.5,34.666666666666664 ], [ -84,34.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698426","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daniels, David L. 0000-0003-0599-8036 dave@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-8036","contributorId":1792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"David","email":"dave@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":261799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012918,"text":"70012918 - 1985 - Concentrations and source areas of ice nuclei in the Alaskan atmosphere.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T13:06:06","indexId":"70012918","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2217,"text":"Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations and source areas of ice nuclei in the Alaskan atmosphere.","docAbstract":"The results indicate a seasonal variation in nucleus concentration with a winter minimum and a north-to-south trend in the increasing average concentration. Some episodes of high concentrations were correlated with 500 mb isobaric transport from Eurasia and 700 mb cyclogenesis over Alaska. These results suggest that local nucleus sources play a dominant role in the seasonal variation, while some individual episodes are caused by external or regional influences. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0377:CASAOI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fountain, A.G., and Ohtake, T., 1985, Concentrations and source areas of ice nuclei in the Alaskan atmosphere.: Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 377-382, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0377:CASAOI>2.0.CO;2.","startPage":"377","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480170,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0377:casaoi>2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269327,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0377:CASAOI>2.0.CO;2"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f98ae4b0c8380cd4d673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fountain, A. G.","contributorId":29815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fountain","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohtake, T.","contributorId":26446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohtake","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013325,"text":"70013325 - 1985 - MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:31","indexId":"70013325","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?","docAbstract":"Remote sensing from satellites provides a unique tool to measure the parameters of the Earth on a worldwide scale. A number of organizations are currently engaged in, or proposing to embark on, worldwide measurement/monitoring programs. Program objectives vary in type and complexity, including a form of technical library and an ambitious experiment to validate algorithms to derive land surface climatological parameters. Modeling and understanding the Earth as an integrated system is an immense undertaking and will require at least as many measurements as currently acquired. Development of a long-term program of Earth system monitoring/modeling, such as the International Global Change Program proposed by the International Council of Scientific Unions, could provide the necessary focus and structure for effective international coordination and cooperation.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 51st Annual Meeting, 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention: Theodolite to Satellite.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294640","usgsCitation":"Thorley, G.A., 1985, MONITORING THE EARTH - TOO MANY PLAYERS?, in Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, v. 2, Washington, DC, USA.","startPage":"766","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aeae4b0c8380cd6914a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorley, Gene A.","contributorId":55957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorley","given":"Gene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012204,"text":"70012204 - 1985 - Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:37:27","indexId":"70012204","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland","docAbstract":"Results of a study of input/output mass balances for major ions based on the chemical composition of precipitation and stream-water, geochemical reactions with different loading rates of hydrogen ion, and watershed processes influencing the chemical character of stream-waters in two small watershed areas are reported with a view to predicting the effect of additions of acidic rain to the watershed systems. Geochemical weathering processes account for the observed changes in the chemistry of stream flow. Although present in bedrock in extremely small quantities, calcite plays an important role in neutralization of the total hydrogen-ion input.
","language":"English","publisher":"AJS","doi":"10.2475/ajs.285.10.931","issn":"00029599","usgsCitation":"Katz, B., Bricker, O., and Kennedy, M., 1985, Geochemical mass-balance relationships for selected ions in precipitation and stream water, Catoctin Mountains, Maryland: American Journal of Science, v. 285, no. 10, p. 951-962, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.10.931.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"962","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480171,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.10.931","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States 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\"}}]}","volume":"285","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1687e4b0c8380cd551a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katz, B. G.","contributorId":82702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"B. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bricker, O.P.","contributorId":33717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"O.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, M.M.","contributorId":10817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013045,"text":"70013045 - 1985 - Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-04T15:06:31.77465","indexId":"70013045","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1333,"text":"Continental Shelf Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California","docAbstract":"Near-bottom currents, light transmission and scattering, and bottom pressure were measured with GEOPROBE tripods and vector-averaging current meters during June 1979 to April 1980 on the central shelf 10 km west of the Russian River, California. The instruments were located on the mid-shelf mud belt composed of bimodal sandy clayey silts contributed principally by the Russian River. During the summer season of persistent northwesterly, upwelling-favorable winds, the average and maximum current speeds 5 m above the bottom were 11 and 31 cm s−1, respectively. The mean (subtidal) flow at 5 m above bottom was poleward and slightly offshore at about 6 cm s−1. The strongest wave-generated bottom currents were about 10 cm s−1, but oscillatory velocities > 5 cm s−1 were infrequent. Suspended-matter concentrations, derived from the optical data at 1.9 m above the bottom, ranged from 1 to 6 mg l−1. The optical data show that the currents and waves were generally below threshold levels for sediment erosion through the summer. In contrast, during the autumn and, particularly, the winter months, the average and maximum concentrations of suspended matter increased substantially. The increases were primarily caused by larger waves from distant storms and short intervals of strong currents associated with local storms and, secondarily, by the large seasonal flow of the Russian River. Wind-driven and wave-generated bottom currents were as large as 37 and 45 cm s−1, respectively, during local storms in December 1979 and February 1980. Suspended-matter concentrations averaged about 7 mg l−1 during non-storm winter periods, but increased to nearly 150 mg l−1 during a December storm. Estimates of suspended-matter flux near the bottom show that the local winter storms, which had a combined duration of about 12 days, could account for 30 to 50% of the total annual suspended-sediment transport at the mid-shelf site. Although intervals of large swell were at times superimposed on southward advective currents, the major sediment-transport events were caused by strong southerly winds that produced poleward bottom currents with a significant offshore component. The primary aspects of the distribution of modern sediments on this shelf are in good agreement with the observed poleward transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., and Cacchione, D., 1985, Seasonal variation in sediment transport on the Russian River shelf, California: Continental Shelf Research, v. 4, no. 5, p. 495-514, https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(85)90007-X.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"495","endPage":"514","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Russian River shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.6469199916873\n ],\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.21661585272099\n ],\n [\n -122.84406049552042,\n 38.21661585272099\n ],\n [\n -122.84406049552042,\n 38.6469199916873\n ],\n [\n -123.51559980216115,\n 38.6469199916873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b88ece4b08c986b316c39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}