An arrival time difference method utilizing refracted arrivals from earthquakes in a homogeneous, layered earth model has been developed for the simultaneous determination of near-source (in situ) velocity and relative locations of earthquakes. The method is particularly applicable when analyzing data from arrays in which most of the recording stations are far (i.e., several focal depths) from a group of events. This iterative scheme locates earthquakes relative to a master event and performs an inversion for in situ velocity using a generalized inverseleast squares estimation procedure. Direct arrivals, when available, may be included to stabilize the inversion and increase the accuracy of the event locations. We tested this scheme on artificial data contaminated by random and systematic arrival time errors, gaps in azimuthal coverage, and inaccuracies in the assumed velocity model. As usual, depth is the least well-resolved hypocenter coordinate, but this scheme yielded accurate locations of most events while converging to the correct velocity model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750020415","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Shedlock, K.M., and Roecker, S.W., 1985, Determination of elastic wave velocity and relative hypocenter locations using refracted waves. I. Methodology: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 2, p. 415-426, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750020415.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"426","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd42e4b0c8380cd4e714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shedlock, Kaye M.","contributorId":61788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shedlock","given":"Kaye","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roecker, Steven W.","contributorId":34266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roecker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012671,"text":"70012671 - 1985 - Recognition of interstitial anhydrite dissolution: A cause of secondary porosity, San Andres limestone, New Mexico, and Upper Minnelusa Formation, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T16:07:27.451364","indexId":"70012671","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recognition of interstitial anhydrite dissolution: A cause of secondary porosity, San Andres limestone, New Mexico, and Upper Minnelusa Formation, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Rectangular and stair-step pore reentrants in carbonate mudstones have been recognized previously as indirect evidence for anhydrite dissolution. In this study, direct evidence for subsurface dissolution of interstitial anhydrite in both dolomite grainstones and quartz sandstones includes: (1) cleavage-related dissolution fringe on anhydrite crystal surfaces, and (2) isolated remnants of optically continuous (formerly poikilotopic) anhydrite. Influenced by the prominent cleavages, the dissolution fringe on the surfaces of the anhydrite crystals consists of a series of sharp, right-angled projections and reentrants. Experimentally etched anhydrite surfaces exhibit features that directly compare to the dissolution fringe, whereas experimentally grown anhydrite does not.
We deduced the following sequence of anhydrite dissolution within dolomite grainstones and quartz sandstones. Slow incipient dissolution began along the boundaries between anhydrite and adjacent minerals. From these intercrystalline boundaries, solutions penetrated anhydrite cleavages, leading to more rapid preferential dissolution perpendicular to the more prominent cleavage planes. The widened cleavage planes, together with intercrystalline boundaries, acted as conduits for the removal of dissolved ions. In the final stage, as dissolving anhydrite borders retreated toward pore throats, dissolution slowed and was, again, restricted to intercrystalline boundaries. This process was then repeated in adjacent interstices.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/AD462B78-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., and Richardson, R.W., 1985, Recognition of interstitial anhydrite dissolution: A cause of secondary porosity, San Andres limestone, New Mexico, and Upper Minnelusa Formation, Wyoming: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 69, no. 7, p. 1064-1076, https://doi.org/10.1306/AD462B78-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1064","endPage":"1076","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222271,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9334e4b0c8380cd80c8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richardson, Randall W.","contributorId":26070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012704,"text":"70012704 - 1985 - Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T15:50:25","indexId":"70012704","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"San Francisco Bay, the largest bay on the California coast, is a broad, shallow, turbid estuary comprising two geographically and hydrologically distinct subestuaries: the northern reach lying between the connection to the Pacific Ocean at the Golden Gate and the confluence of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system, and the southern reach (herein called South Bay) between the Golden Gate and the southern terminus of the bay. The northern reach is a partially mixed estuary dominated by seasonally varying river inflow, and the South Bay is a tidally oscillating lagoon-type estuary. Freshwater inflows, highest during winter, generate strong estuarine circulation and largely determine water residence times. They also bring large volumes of dissolved and particulate materials to the estuary. Tidal currents, generated by mixed semidiurnal and diurnal tides, mix the water column and, together with river inflow and basin geometry, determine circulation patterns. Winds, which are strongest during summer and during winter storms, exert stress on the bay's water surface, thereby creating large waves that resuspend sediment from the shallow bay bottom and, together with the tidal currents, contribute markedly to the transport of water masses throughout the shallow estuary. ?? 1985 Dr W. Junk Publishers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00048684","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Conomos, T.J., Smith, R.E., and Gartner, J.W., 1985, Environmental setting of San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048684.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221906,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205160,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048684"}],"volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09e4e4b0c8380cd520da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conomos, T. J.","contributorId":77515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conomos","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, R. E.","contributorId":76366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012701,"text":"70012701 - 1985 - Palaeotectonic implications of increased late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanism from South Pacific DSDP sites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012701","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeotectonic implications of increased late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanism from South Pacific DSDP sites","docAbstract":"Late Eocene-early Oligocene (42-35 Myr) sediments cored at two DSDP sites in the south-west Pacific contain evidence of a pronounced increase in local volcanic activity, particularly in close association with the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. This pulse of volcanism is coeval with that in New Zealand and resulted from the development of an Indo- Australian / Pacific Plate boundary through the region during the late Eocene. The late Eocene / earliest Oligocene was marked by widespread volcanism and tectonism throughout the Pacific and elsewhere, and by one of the most important episodes of Cenozoic climatic cooling. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/316507a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Kennett, J., Von Der Borch, C., Baker, P., Barton, C., Boersma, A., Cauler, J., Dudley, W., Gardner, J., Jenkins, D., Lohman, W., Martini, E., Merrill, R.B., Morin, R., Nelson, C.S., Robert, C., Srinivasan, M., Stein, R., Takeuchi, A., and Murphy, M., 1985, Palaeotectonic implications of increased late Eocene-early Oligocene volcanism from South Pacific DSDP sites: Nature, v. 316, no. 6028, p. 507-511, https://doi.org/10.1038/316507a0.","startPage":"507","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205151,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/316507a0"}],"volume":"316","issue":"6028","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73ade4b0c8380cd771a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennett, J.P.","contributorId":92804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennett","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Von Der Borch, C.","contributorId":71062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Von Der Borch","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, P.A.","contributorId":55148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barton, C.E.","contributorId":75814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boersma, A.","contributorId":48443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boersma","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cauler, J.P.","contributorId":34388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cauler","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudley, W.C. Jr.","contributorId":87815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"W.C.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jenkins, D.G.","contributorId":58021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lohman, W.H.","contributorId":18229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lohman","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Martini, E.","contributorId":90598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Merrill, R. B.","contributorId":86642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Morin, R.","contributorId":6210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Nelson, Campbell S.","contributorId":67364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Campbell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Robert, C.","contributorId":25412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robert","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Srinivasan, M.S.","contributorId":89692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Srinivasan","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Stein, R.","contributorId":18507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Takeuchi, A.","contributorId":54856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takeuchi","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Murphy, M.G.","contributorId":28485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}} ,{"id":70012702,"text":"70012702 - 1985 - THREE-COMPONENT BOREHOLE MAGNETOMETER PROBE FOR MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS AND GEOLOGIC RESEARCH.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012702","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THREE-COMPONENT BOREHOLE MAGNETOMETER PROBE FOR MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS AND GEOLOGIC RESEARCH.","docAbstract":"A small-diameter three-component fluxgate magnetometer probe with gyroscopic and inclinometer orientation has been developed to meet U. S. Geological Survey design and performance specifications for measurement of the direction and intensity of the Earth's magnetic field in vertical and inclined boreholes. The orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer elements have a measurement resolution of 10 nanoteslas (nT) and a range of plus or minus 80,000 nT. The gyroscope has an effective resolution of one degree, and the orthogonal inclinometers, 0. 1 degree. The magnetometer probe has been field tested in several holes drilled through volcanic rocks in Nevada. Results indicate that reversals of polarization can be detected, and some rock units in this area appear to be characterized by unique magnetic signatures.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium (Society of Professional Well Log Analysts)","conferenceTitle":"Transactions of the SPWLA Twenty-Sixth Annual Logging Symposium.","conferenceLocation":"Dallas, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Soc of Professional Well Log Analysts","publisherLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","issn":"00811718","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.H., and Olson, G., 1985, THREE-COMPONENT BOREHOLE MAGNETOMETER PROBE FOR MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS AND GEOLOGIC RESEARCH., in Transactions of the SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium (Society of Professional Well Log Analysts), v. 1, Dallas, TX, USA.","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba38be4b08c986b31fd4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, James H.","contributorId":73579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, Gary G.","contributorId":6190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Gary G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180306,"text":"70180306 - 1985 - Summary of data on the age of the Orca Group, Alaska: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180306,"text":"70180306 - 1985 - Summary of data on the age of the Orca Group, Alaska: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984","indexId":"70180306","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Summary of data on the age of the Orca Group, Alaska: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4438,"text":"cir967 - 1985 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984","indexId":"cir967","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":4438,"text":"cir967 - 1985 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984","indexId":"cir967","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:27:06","indexId":"70180306","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"967","title":"Summary of data on the age of the Orca Group, Alaska: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984","docAbstract":"The Orca Group is a widespread, thick, complexly deformed accretionary sequence of flysch and tholeiitic basalt in the Prince William Sound area (Winkler, 1976; Winkler and Plafker, 1981) (fig. 49). Despite a number of extensive field studies of the Orca Group, reliable data on the age of the unit have been elusive. On the basis of sparse paleontologic and radiometric data, the sequence was regarded as Paleocene and early Eocene(?) age (Winkler and Plafker, 1981). New paleontologic data from fossil localities shown in figure 49 suggest that some strata assigned to the Orca Group are of middle Eocene age and possibly as young as late Eocene or Oligocene. However, data suggesting an age younger than about 50 Ma appear to be incompatible with radiometrically determined ages for plutons that intrude the Orca Group.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984 (Circular 967)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.3133/70180306","usgsCitation":"Plafker, G., Keller, G., Nelson, S.W., Dumoulin, J.A., and Miller, M.L., 1985, Summary of data on the age of the Orca Group, Alaska: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 967, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180306.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334110,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1985/0967/report.pdf#page=88","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Orca Group","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b198be4b0ad67323f986c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, Gerta","contributorId":16419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Gerta","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Steven W.","contributorId":74024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012688,"text":"70012688 - 1985 - Effects of the 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake on creep along the San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-23T14:57:03.555808","indexId":"70012688","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of the 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake on creep along the San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"The M//L approximately equals 6. 5 earthquake that occurred near Coalinga, California, on May 2, 1983 induced changes in near-surface fault slip along the San Andreas fault. Coseismic steps were observed by creepmeters along a 200-km section of the San Andreas. some of the larger aftershocks induced additional steps, both right-lateral and left-lateral, and in general the sequence disrupted observed creep at several sites from preseismic long-term patterns. Static dislocation models can approximately explain the magnitudes and distribution of the larger coseismic steps on May 2. The smaller, more distant steps appear to be the abrupt release of accumulated slip, triggered by the coseismic strain changes, but independent of the strain change amplitudes.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750020475","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Mavko, G.M., Schulz, S., and Brown, B.D., 1985, Effects of the 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake on creep along the San Andreas fault: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 2, p. 475-489, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750020475.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"489","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222548,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410995,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/ssa/bssa/article/75/2/475/118685/Effects-of-the-1983-Coalinga-California-earthquake","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Coalinga","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.54473876953125,\n 35.98245135784044\n ],\n [\n -120.12176513671875,\n 35.98245135784044\n ],\n [\n -120.12176513671875,\n 36.28192129773192\n ],\n [\n -120.54473876953125,\n 36.28192129773192\n ],\n [\n -120.54473876953125,\n 35.98245135784044\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"75","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a045be4b0c8380cd5092b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mavko, Gerald M.","contributorId":40477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mavko","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, Sandra","contributorId":107701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Sandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Beth D.","contributorId":97770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012700,"text":"70012700 - 1985 - Cleavage strain in the Variscan fold belt, County Cork, Ireland, estimated from stretched arsenopyrite rosettes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T23:56:07.224534","indexId":"70012700","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2468,"text":"Journal of Structural Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cleavage strain in the Variscan fold belt, County Cork, Ireland, estimated from stretched arsenopyrite rosettes","docAbstract":"In south-west Ireland, hydrothermally formed arsenopyrite crystals in a Devonian mudstone have responded to Variscan deformation by brittle extension fracture and fragment separation. The interfragment gaps and terminal extension zones of each crystal are infilled with fibrous quartz. Stretches within the cleavage plane have been calculated by the various methods available, most of which can be modified to incorporate terminal extension zones. The Strain Reversal Method is the most accurate currently available but still gives a minimum estimate of the overall strain. The more direct Hossain method, which gives only slightly lower estimates with this data, is more practical for field use. A strain ellipse can be estimated from each crystal rosette composed of three laths (assuming the original interlimb angles were all 60°) and, because actual rather than relative stretches are estimated, this provides a lower bound to the area increase in the plane of cleavage. Based on the average of our calculated strain ellipses this area increase is at least 114% and implies an average shortening across the cleavage of at least 53%. However, several lines of evidence suggest that the cleavage deformation was more intense and more oblate than that calculated, and we argue that a 300% area increase in the cleavage plane and 75% shortening across the cleavage are more realistic estimates of the true strain. Furthermore, the along-strike elongation indicated is at least 80%, which may be regionally significant. Estimates of orogenic contraction derived from balanced section construction should therefore take into account the possibility of a substantial strike elongation, and tectonic models that can accommodate such elongations need to be developed.
Concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn were measured in the soft tissues of the estuarine bivalve Macoma balthica in South San Francisco Bay at near-monthly intervals for periods of two to three years at four stations, and eight years at a metal-enriched station. The amplitude and frequency of fluctuations differed among stations and among metals. Fluctuations were greatest at stations with the greatest metal enrichment and with the least dilution and flushing of wastes. A consistent seasonal pattern of fluctuation in Cu and Ag concentrations was evident in M. balthica at the metal-enriched station. These seasonal changes in tissue metal concentrations appeared to be affected by metal inputs, hydrologic processes that may affect both metal concentrations and bioavailability, and seasonal changes in the weight of the bivalve. The contributions of each of these interacting factors could not be determined quantitatively. At the metal-enriched station significant variation in the amplitude of seasonal fluctuations was also evident from year to year. Interpretation of metal concentrations in bivalves from estuaries will require careful consideration of the processes which affect metal dynamics in these complex environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00048690","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Luoma, S.N., Cain, D., and Johansson, C., 1985, Temporal fluctuations of silver, copper and zinc in the bivalve Macoma balthica at five stations in South San Francisco Bay: Hydrobiologia, v. 129, no. 1, p. 109-120, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048690.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.70654296874999,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.78808138412046\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.33522435930639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"129","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba50fe4b08c986b32079f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cain, Daniel 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":206184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johansson, C.","contributorId":31425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johansson","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012662,"text":"70012662 - 1985 - Geochemistry of great Salt Lake, Utah II: Pleistocene-Holocene evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:15:38","indexId":"70012662","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of great Salt Lake, Utah II: Pleistocene-Holocene evolution","docAbstract":"Sedimentologic and biostratigraphic evidence is used to develop a geochemical model for Great Salt Lake, Utah, extending back some 30,000 yrs. B.P. Hydrologie conditions as defined by the water budget equation are characterized by a lake initially at a low, saline stage, rising by about 17,000 yrs. B.P. to fresh water basin-full conditions (Bonneville level) and then, after about 15,000 yrs. B.P., dropping rapidly to a saline stage again, as exemplified by the present situation. Inflow composition has changed through time in response to the hydrologie history. During fresh-water periods high discharge inflow is dominated by calcium bicarbonate-type river waters; during saline stages, low discharge, NaCl-rich hydrothermal springs are significant solute sources. This evolution in lake composition to NaCl domination is illustrated by the massive mirabilite deposition, free of halite, following the rapid drawdown until about 8,000 years ago, while historic droughts have yielded principally halite. Hydrologic history can be combined with inferred inflow composition to derive concentration curves with time for each major solute in the lake. Calcium concentrations before the drawdown were controlled by calcite solubility, and afterwards by aragonite. Significant amounts of solutes are removed from the lake by diffusion into the sediments. Na+, Cl- and SO42- are also involved in salt precipitation. By including pore fluid data, a surprisingly good fit has been obtained between solute input over the time period considered and the amounts actually found in lake brines, pore fluids, salt beds and sediments. Excess amounts are present for calcium, carbonate and silica, indicating detrital input.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90168-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Spencer, R.J., Eugster, H., and Jones, B., 1985, Geochemistry of great Salt Lake, Utah II: Pleistocene-Holocene evolution: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, p. 739-747, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90168-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"739","endPage":"747","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222156,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -111.8792724609375,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -113.22509765625,\n 40.6306300839918\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f7e4b0c8380cd55329","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spencer, R. J.","contributorId":56664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eugster, H.P.","contributorId":99992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eugster","given":"H.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, B.F.","contributorId":52156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012718,"text":"70012718 - 1985 - A geophysical and geological study of Laguna de Ayarza, a Guatemalan caldera lake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012718","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geophysical and geological study of Laguna de Ayarza, a Guatemalan caldera lake","docAbstract":"Geologic and geophysical data from Laguna de Ayarza, a figure-8-shaped doublecaldera lake in the Guatemalan highlands, show no evidence of postcaldera eruptive tectonic activity. The bathymetry of the lake has evolved as a result of sedimentary infilling. The western caldera is steep-sided and contains a large flat-floored central basin 240 m deep. The smaller, older, eastern caldera is mostly filled by coalescing delta fans and is connected with the larger caldera by means of a deep channel. Seismicreflection data indicate that at least 170 m of flat-lying unfaulted sediments partly fill the central basin and that the strata of the pre-eruption edifice have collapsed partly along inward-dipping ring faults and partly by more chaotic collapses. These sediments have accumulated in the last 23,000 years at a minimum average sedimentation rate of 7 m/103 yr. The upper 9 m of these sediments is composed of > 50% turbidites, interbedded with laminated clayey silts containing separate diatom and ash layers. The bottom sediments have >1% organic material, an average of 4% pyrite, and abundant biogenic gas, all of which demonstrate that the bottom sediments are anoxic. Although thin (<0.5 cm) ash horizons are common, only one thick (7-16 cm) primary ash horizon could be identified in piston cores. Alterations in the mineralogy and variations in the diatom assemblage suggest magnesium-rich hydrothermal activity. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., Paull, C.K., Newhall, C.G., Bradbury, J., and Ziagos, J., 1985, A geophysical and geological study of Laguna de Ayarza, a Guatemalan caldera lake: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 25, no. 1-2, p. 125-144.","startPage":"125","endPage":"144","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e406e4b0c8380cd46360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradbury, J.P.","contributorId":14431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ziagos, J.","contributorId":80013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziagos","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70012698,"text":"70012698 - 1985 - Distribution of volatile organic compounds in a New Jersey coastal plain aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:14:07.000572","indexId":"70012698","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution of volatile organic compounds in a New Jersey coastal plain aquifer system","docAbstract":"Samples for analysis of volatile organic compounds were collected from 315 wells in the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in southwestern New Jersey and a small adjacent area in Pennsylvania during 1980–82. Volatile organic compounds were detected in all three aquifer units of the Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system in the study area. Most of the contamination appears to be confined to the outcrop area at present. Low levels of contamination, however, were found downdip of the outcrop area in the upper and middle aquifers.
Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and benzene were the most frequently detected compounds. Differences in the areal distributions of light chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene, and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, were noted and are probably due to differences in the uses of the compounds and the distribution patterns of potential contamination sources.
The distribution patterns of volatile organic compounds differed greatly among the three aquifer units. The upper aquifer, which crops out mostly in less-developed areas, had the lowest percentage of wells with volatile organic compounds detected (10 percent of wells sampled). The concentrations in most wells in the upper aquifer which had detectable levels were less than 10 /μg/1. In the middle aquifer, which crops out beneath much of the urban and industrial area adjacent to the Delaware River, detectable levels of volatile organic compounds were found in 22 percent of wells sampled, and several wells contained concentrations above 100 μ/1. The lower aquifer, which is confined beneath much of the outcrop area of the aquifer system, had the highest percentage of wells (28 percent) with detectable levels. This is probably due to (1) vertical leakage of contamination from the middle aquifer, and (2) the high percentage of wells tapping the lower aquifer in the most heavily developed areas of the outcrop.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Reeves, R., and Ozuna, G., 1985, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1982, with 1934-82 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 42, 131 p.","productDescription":"131 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6aef1e4b0f2f0cebe4621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, R.D.","contributorId":95043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013266,"text":"70013266 - 1985 - MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:17","indexId":"70013266","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER.","docAbstract":"The Complex Variable Boundary Element Method (CVBEM) offers an effective and efficient means for modeling two-dimensional potential and related flow problems. The method has been applied to various hydraulic and hydrodynamic problems - surface water, ground water, and other flows - and has proven its accuracy, reliability and usefulness. The paper describes the CVBEM and its application.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., and Hromadka, T., 1985, MODELING HYDRAULIC PROBLEMS USING THE CVBEM AND THE MICROCOMPUTER., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 444-449.","startPage":"444","endPage":"449","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4ad3e4b0c8380cd690a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hromadka, T. V. II","contributorId":76464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hromadka","given":"T. V.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009928,"text":"70009928 - 1985 - Global geologic mapping of Mars: The western equatorial region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-20T20:50:01","indexId":"70009928","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global geologic mapping of Mars: The western equatorial region","docAbstract":"Global geologic mapping of Mars was originally accomplished following acquisition of orbital spacecraft images from the Mariner 9 mission. The mapping program represented a joint enterprise by the U.S. Geological Survey and other planetary scientists from universities in the United States and Europe. Many of the Mariner photographs had low resolution or poor albedo contrast caused by atmospheric haze and high-sun angles. Some of the early geologic maps reflect these deficiencies in their poor discrimination and subdivision of rock units. New geologic maps made from higher resolution and better quality Viking images also represent a cooperative effort, by geologists from the U.S. Geological Survey, Arizona State University, and the University of London. This second series of global maps consists of three parts: 1) western equatorial region, 2) eastern equatorial region, and 3) north and south polar regions. These maps, at 1:15 million scale, show more than 60 individual rock-stratigraphic units assigned to three Martian time-stratigraphic systems. The first completed map of the series covers the western equatorial region of Mars. Accompanying the map is a description of the sequence and distribution of major tectonic, volcanic, and fluvial episodes as recorded in the stratigraphic record. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(85)90243-1","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Scott, D.H., 1985, Global geologic mapping of Mars: The western equatorial region: Advances in Space Research, v. 5, no. 8, p. 71-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90243-1.","startPage":"71","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267876,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90243-1"}],"volume":"5","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2948e4b0c8380cd5a80c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, D. H.","contributorId":73565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013366,"text":"70013366 - 1985 - INTRABAND RADIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE OF THE LANDSAT 4 THEMATIC MAPPER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013366","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"INTRABAND RADIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE OF THE LANDSAT 4 THEMATIC MAPPER.","docAbstract":"This preliminary report examines those radiometric characteristics of the Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper (TM) that can be established without absolute calibration of spectral data. Analysis is based largely on radiometrically raw (B type) data of three daytime and two nighttime scenes; in most scenes, a set of 512 lines were examined on an individual-detector basis. Subscenes selected for uniform-radiance were used to characterize subtle radiometric differences and noise problems.","largerWorkTitle":"NASA Conference Publication","conferenceTitle":"Landsat-4 Science Characterization Early Results.","conferenceLocation":"Greenbelt, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"NASA Scientific & Technical Information Branch","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","issn":"01917811","usgsCitation":"Kieffer, H.H., Eliason, E.M., and Chavez, P.S., 1985, INTRABAND RADIOMETRIC PERFORMANCE OF THE LANDSAT 4 THEMATIC MAPPER., in NASA Conference Publication, Greenbelt, MD, USA.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37d3e4b0c8380cd611cf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Barker John L.","contributorId":128362,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Barker John L.","id":536268,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Kieffer, Hugh H.","contributorId":41137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eliason, Eric M.","contributorId":21280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eliason","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013364,"text":"70013364 - 1985 - PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013364","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING.","docAbstract":"A viable rheological model should consist of both a time-independent part and a time-dependent part. A generalized viscoplastic fluid model that has both parts as well as two major rheological properties (i. e. , the normal stress effect and soil yield criteria) is shown to be sufficiently accurate, yet practical, for general use in debris flow modeling. Other rheological models, such as the Bingham plastic fluid model and the so-called Coulomb-viscous model, are compared in terms of the generalized viscoplastic fluid model.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624749","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1985, PRESENT STATUS OF RESEARCH IN DEBRIS FLOW MODELING., Hydraulics and Hydrology in the Small Computer Age, Proceedings of the Specialty Conference., Lake Buena Vista, FL, USA, p. 733-741.","startPage":"733","endPage":"741","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7375e4b0c8380cd7704d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013261,"text":"70013261 - 1985 - ART AND SCIENCE OF IMAGE MAPS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:29","indexId":"70013261","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ART AND SCIENCE OF IMAGE MAPS.","docAbstract":"The visual image of reflected light is influenced by the complex interplay of human color discrimination, spatial relationships, surface texture, and the spectral purity of light, dyes, and pigments. Scientific theories of image processing may not always achieve acceptable results as the variety of factors, some psychological, are in part, unpredictable. Tonal relationships that affect digital image processing and the transfer functions used to transform from the continuous-tone source image to a lithographic image, may be interpreted for an insight of where art and science fuse in the production process. The application of art and science in image map production at the U. S. Geological Survey is illustrated and discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting","conferenceTitle":"Technical Papers, 51st Annual Meeting, 1985 ASP-ACSM Convention: Theodolite to Satellite.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"American Soc of Photogrammetry","publisherLocation":"Falls Church, VA, USA","isbn":"0937294640","usgsCitation":"Kidwell, R.D., and McSweeney, J.A., 1985, ART AND SCIENCE OF IMAGE MAPS., in Technical Papers of the American Society of Photogrammetry, Annual Meeting, v. 2, Washington, DC, USA, p. 771-782.","startPage":"771","endPage":"782","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220636,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e636e4b0c8380cd47255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidwell, Richard D.","contributorId":31111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidwell","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McSweeney, Joseph A.","contributorId":51908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McSweeney","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013263,"text":"70013263 - 1985 - Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:54:00","indexId":"70013263","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2664,"text":"Marine Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"Accumulation of Cu and Ag by soft tissues of the deposit-feeding clam Macoma balthica was less than half in clams transplanted to a contaminated area than in clams native to that area. During a period of tissue growth, the transplants retained 50% and 90%, respectively, of the net Cu and Ag accumulated, but loss of metals from soft tissue by the resident population equalled net accumulation. Copper accumulation in the transplants did not occur during some periods when increases in the metal body burden of the resident population indicated that environmental exposures were high. The difference in metal accumulation of the two groups of clams may be the result of past environmental exposures. The results illustrate some limitations of using transplants as indicators of pollution events or of pollutant impact upon resident populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0141-1136(85)90133-3","issn":"01411136","usgsCitation":"Cain, D., and Luoma, S.N., 1985, Copper and silver accumulation in transplanted and resident clams (Macoma balthica) in South San Francisco Bay: Marine Environmental Research, v. 15, no. 2, p. 115-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(85)90133-3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"135","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -121.57470703125,\n 37.88352498087131\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.88352498087131\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fbf7e4b0c8380cd4e060","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, D.J.","contributorId":68329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012719,"text":"70012719 - 1985 - The complex variable boundary element method: Applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T17:49:00.332391","indexId":"70012719","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2022,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The complex variable boundary element method: Applications","docAbstract":"The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) is used to approximate several potential problems where analytical solutions are known: A modelling result produced from the CVBEM is a measure of relative error in matching the known boundary condition values of the problem. A CVBEM error-reduction algorithm is used to reduce the relative error of the approximation by adding nodal points in boundary regions where error is large. From the-test problems, overall error is reduced significantly by utilizing the adaptive integration algorithm.