{"pageNumber":"5018","pageRowStart":"125425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":81520,"text":"81520 - 1985 - Genetics, minimum population size and the island reserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"81520","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Genetics, minimum population size and the island reserve","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hawaii's Terrestrial Ecosystems Preservation and Management. (based on Genetics and Conservation 1983)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii Press","publisherLocation":"Honolulu, HI","usgsCitation":"Schonewald-Cox, C., 1985, Genetics, minimum population size and the island reserve, chap. <i>of</i> Hawaii's Terrestrial Ecosystems Preservation and Management. (based on Genetics and Conservation 1983), p. 432-458.","productDescription":"p. 432-458","startPage":"432","endPage":"458","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127951,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aea2d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stone, C.","contributorId":23698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504194,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M.","contributorId":62173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504195,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Schonewald-Cox, C.","contributorId":91433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schonewald-Cox","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012941,"text":"70012941 - 1985 - Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:18:57.943376","indexId":"70012941","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>Two revised paleogeographic reconstructions of the Visean and Westphalian C-D stages are presented based on recent paleomagnetic, phytogeographic, stratigraphic, and tectonic data. These data change the positions of some continental blocks, and allow the definition of several new ones. The most important modifications that have been incorporated in these reconstructions are: (1) a proposed isthmus linking North America and Siberia across the Bering Strait; and (2) the separation of China and Southeast Asia in six major blocks, including South China, North China, Shan Thai-Malaya, Indochina, Qangtang, and Tarim blocks. Evidence is presented that suggests that at least the South China, Shan Thai-Malaya, and Qangtang blocks were derived from the northern margin of Gondwana.</p><p>Multivariate statistical analysis of phytogeographic data from the middle and late Paleozoic allow definition of a number of different phytogeographic units for four time intervals: (1) the Early Devonian, (2) Tournaisian—early Visean, (3) Visean, and (4) late Visean—early Namurian A. Pre-late Visean—early Namurian A floral assemblages from South China show affinities with northern Gondwana floras suggesting a southerly position and provides additional support for our reconstruction of South China against the northern margin of Gondwana. There is a marked decrease in the diversity of phytogeographic units in the Namurian and younger Carboniferous. This correlates closely with the time of assembly of most of Pangaea. The general pattern of Carboniferous phytogeographic units corresponds well with global distribution of continents shown on our paleogeographic reconstructions.</p><p>In addition, we have constructed paleoclimatic maps for the two Carboniferous time intervals. These maps stress the distribution of rainfall, as this should be strongly correlated with the floras. There is marked change in the rainfall patterns between the Visean and Westphalian C-D. This change corresponds with the closing of the Appalachian-Ouachita ocean between Laurussia and Gondwana, and reflects the removal of a low-latitude moisture source that probably gave rise to monsoonal conditions along the northern margin of Gondwana in the Visean and earlier times. As well, the presence of a substantial heat source at high elevation in the Late Carboniferous significantly influenced the distribution of climatic belts.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(85)90009-6","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Rowley, D., Raymond, A., Parrish, J.T., Lottes, A., Scotese, C., and Ziegler, A., 1985, Carboniferous paleogeographic, phytogeographic, and paleoclimatic reconstructions: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 5, no. 1-2, p. 7-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(85)90009-6.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"42","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f374e4b0c8380cd4b81a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rowley, D.B.","contributorId":6588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Raymond, A.","contributorId":14118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raymond","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parrish, Judith T.","contributorId":83945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrish","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lottes, A.L.","contributorId":28013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lottes","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scotese, C.R.","contributorId":16138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scotese","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ziegler, A.M.","contributorId":47085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegler","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70012946,"text":"70012946 - 1985 - Comparison of digestion methods for total elemental analysis of peat and separation of its organic and inorganic components","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T15:58:06.031687","indexId":"70012946","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of digestion methods for total elemental analysis of peat and separation of its organic and inorganic components","docAbstract":"In order to find the most efficient digestion method for the total elemental recovery in peat, ten samples were subjected to different techniques and analysed for Ca, Mg, Fe, AI, Na, K, Mn, P, Zn, Cu, Li, Cd, Co, Ni, Pb and Si using atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. The most satisfactory procedures were dry ashing followed by hydrofluoric acid treatment and wet digestion using a mixture of hot nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acids. The wet digestion offers the advantage of a single decomposition method for the determination of Ca, Mg, Fe, AI, K, Na, Mn, Cu, Li, Zn and P. An alkaline fusion technique was required for the determination of Si. Hydrogen peroxide was used to separate the peat into its organic and inorganic components, leading to the total recovery of the elements for both fractions.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9851000237","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Papp, C.S., and Harms, T.F., 1985, Comparison of digestion methods for total elemental analysis of peat and separation of its organic and inorganic components: The Analyst, v. 110, no. 3, p. 237-242, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9851000237.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"242","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222753,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f85be4b0c8380cd4d050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papp, C. S.E.","contributorId":69304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papp","given":"C.","middleInitial":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harms, T. F.","contributorId":76752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harms","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012963,"text":"70012963 - 1985 - Low-frequency electrical properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:30:17.506077","indexId":"70012963","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-frequency electrical properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the interpretation of induced polarization data, it is commonly assumed that metallic mineral polarization dominantly or solely causes the observed response. However, at low frequencies, there is a variety of active chemical processes which involve the movement or transfer of electrical charge. Measurements of electrical properties at low frequencies (such as induced polarization) observe such movement of charge and thus monitor many geochemical processes at a distance. Examples in which this has been done include oxidation-reduction of metallic minerals such as sulfides, cation exchange on clays, and a variety of clay-organic reactions relevant to problems in toxic waste disposal and petroleum exploration. By using both the frequency dependence and nonlinear character of the complex resistivity spectrum, these reactions may be distinguished from each other and from barren or reactionless materials.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441880","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Olhoeft, G., 1985, Low-frequency electrical properties: Geophysics, v. 50, no. 12, p. 2492-2503, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441880.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2492","endPage":"2503","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a55e4b0c8380cd68cac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olhoeft, G.R.","contributorId":10405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012894,"text":"70012894 - 1985 - Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T20:46:51","indexId":"70012894","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination","docAbstract":"Two techniques for the conversion of water to hydrogen for stable isotope ratio determination have been developed that are especially suited for automated multisample analysis. Both procedures involve reaction of zinc shot with a water sample at 450 ??C. in one method designed for water samples in bottles, the water is put in capillaries and is reduced by zinc in reaction vessels; overall savings in sample preparation labor of 75% have been realized over the standard uranium reduction technique. The second technique is for waters evolved under vacuum and is a sealed-tube method employing 9 mm o.d. quartz tubing. Problems inherent with zinc reduction include surface inhomogeneity of the zinc and exchange of hydrogen both with the zinc and with the glass walls of the vessels. For best results, water/zinc and water/glass surface area ratios of vessels should be kept as large as possible.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Analytical Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/ac00284a058","issn":"00032700","usgsCitation":"Kendall, C., and Coplen, T., 1985, Multisample conversion of water to hydrogen by zinc for stable isotope determination: Analytical Chemistry, v. 57, no. 7, p. 1437-1440, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a058.","startPage":"1437","endPage":"1440","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269213,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00284a058"},{"id":221975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6095e4b0c8380cd71564","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendall, C. 0000-0002-0247-3405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":35050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012962,"text":"70012962 - 1985 - Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:38:12","indexId":"70012962","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory","docAbstract":"<p><span>Errors in complex conceptual precipitation-runoff models may be analyzed by placing them into a statistical framework. This amounts to treating the errors as random variables and defining the probabilistic structure of the errors. By using such a framework, a large array of techniques, many of which have been presented in the statistical literature, becomes available to the modeler for quantifying and analyzing the various sources of error. A number of these techniques are reviewed in this paper, with special attention to the peculiarities of hydrologic models. Known methodologies for parameter estimation (calibration) are particularly applicable for obtaining physically meaningful estimates and for explaining how bias in runoff prediction caused by model error and input error may contribute to bias in parameter estimation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i008p01195","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., 1985, Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 8, p. 1195-1213, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i008p01195.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1213","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a49e4b0c8380cd522b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012960,"text":"70012960 - 1985 - ROLE OF STATIC LOAD (OVERBURDEN) PRESSURE IN COALIFICATION OF BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COAL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012960","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLE OF STATIC LOAD (OVERBURDEN) PRESSURE IN COALIFICATION OF BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COAL.","docAbstract":"Tissue from a calcite concretion (coal ball) and attached coal of semianthracite rank from the Belgium Bouxharmont coal bed were analyzed separately by elemental chemical, **1**3C nuclear magnetic resonance, reflectance, and paleobotanical techniques to compare relative degrees of coalification. The results indicate that static load pressure has no perceptible effect on coalification up to and including a rank of semianthracite.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1985 International Conference on Coal Science.","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Sydney, Aust","isbn":"0080298710","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Hatcher, P.G., Brown, F.W., Krasnow, M., Larson, R., and Millay, M., 1985, ROLE OF STATIC LOAD (OVERBURDEN) PRESSURE IN COALIFICATION OF BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COAL., Proceedings - 1985 International Conference on Coal Science., Sydney, Aust, p. 620-623.","startPage":"620","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936be4b0c8380cd80dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krasnow, M.R.","contributorId":25952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasnow","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, R.R.","contributorId":29803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Millay, M.A.","contributorId":104624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70012892,"text":"70012892 - 1985 - Changes in drilling density and discovery rates through time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012892","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in drilling density and discovery rates through time","docAbstract":"An alternative to time sequence evaluation of field size distributions is presented. Oil fields are ranked in relation to level of prior exploration in the vicinity of discovery wells. Field size distribution patterns for discoveries at sequential levels of prior exploration are evaluated independently from the time sequence of discoveries within the region. Interregional comparisons are made in terms of field discoveries at equivalent levels of prior exploration. The study area covers a large region (approximately 78,000 Km2) of central and northwest Kansas. ?? 1985 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01032928","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Collins, D., 1985, Changes in drilling density and discovery rates through time: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 17, no. 4, p. 375-393, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01032928.","startPage":"375","endPage":"393","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205164,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032928"},{"id":221920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f411e4b0c8380cd4bb06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, D.R.","contributorId":72128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012948,"text":"70012948 - 1985 - Correlation of ash-flow tuffs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T00:43:02.071606","indexId":"70012948","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of ash-flow tuffs","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15239102\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Discrimination and correlation of ash-flow sheets is important in structurally complex, long-lived volcanic fields where such sheets provide the best keys to the regional stratigraphic framework. Three-dimensional complexities resulting from pulsatory eruptions, sectorial emplacement, mechanical sorting during outflow, thermal and compositional zoning of magmas, the physical zoning of cooling units, and structural and erosional disruption can make such correlation and discrimination difficult. When lithologic, magnetic, petrographic, chemical, and isotopic criteria for correlating ash-flow sheets are critically evaluated, many problems and pitfalls can be identified. Distinctive phenocrysts, pumice clasts, and lithic fragments are among the more reliable criteria, as are high-precision K-Ar ages and thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) directions in unaltered welded tuff. Chemical correlation methods should rely principally upon welded or nonwelded pumice blocks, not upon the ash-flow matrix, which is subject to fractionation, mixing, and contamination during emplacement. Compositional zoning of most large sheets requires that many samples be analyzed before phenocryst, glass, or whole-rock chemical trends can be used confidently as correlation criteria.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<968:COAT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Mahood, G., 1985, Correlation of ash-flow tuffs: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 7, p. 968-974, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<968:COAT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"968","endPage":"974","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222755,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc35e4b0c8380cd4e196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, W. 0000-0002-7925-4251","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7925-4251","contributorId":100487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mahood, G.","contributorId":34267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahood","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012697,"text":"70012697 - 1985 - Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T14:41:07.539853","indexId":"70012697","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies were conducted in conjunction with the Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) to examine the chemistry and leaching patterns of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack region. During the summer growing season, mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the ILWAS watersheds ranged from 21–32 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in O/A horizon leachates, from 5–7 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in B horizon leachates, from 2–4 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in groundwater solutions, from 6–8 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in first order streams, from 3–8 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in lake inlets, and from 2–7 mg C l</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in lake outlets. During the winter, mean DOC concentrations dropped significantly in the upper soil profile. Soil solutions from mixed and coniferous stands contained as much as twice the DOC concentration of lysimeter samples from hardwood stands. Results of DOC fractionation analysis showed that hydrophobia and hydrophilic acids dominate the organic solute composition of natural waters in these watersheds. Charge balance and titration results indicated that the general acid-base characteristics of the dissolved humic mixture in these natural waters can be accounted for by a model organic acid having an average</span><i><sub>p</sub>K<sub>a</sub></i><span>&nbsp;of 3.85, an average charge density of 4–5 μeq mg</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;C at ambient pH, and a total of 6–7 meq COOH per gram carbon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cronan, C.S., and Aiken, G., 1985, Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1697-1705, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1697","endPage":"1705","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.82008813062816,\n              43.28492587434786\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.29169696323655,\n              43.110304037413016\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.65762756236663,\n              43.325940733900524\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.37581893975802,\n              43.72947615580239\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.42513544871431,\n              44.39771116447804\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.82671273593193,\n              44.74401316527033\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6439577414979,\n              44.69395223588353\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3625697291497,\n              43.795621999963544\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.3625697291497,\n              43.5357074866464\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.82008813062816,\n              43.28492587434786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a7e4b0c8380cd4c349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronan, C. S.","contributorId":33455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aiken, G. R. 0000-0001-8454-0984","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-0984","contributorId":14452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiken","given":"G. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012727,"text":"70012727 - 1985 - The heat-capacity of ilmenite and phase equilibria in the system Fe-T-O","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T14:43:36.129193","indexId":"70012727","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The heat-capacity of ilmenite and phase equilibria in the system Fe-T-O","docAbstract":"<p><span>Low temperature adiabatic calorimetry and high temperature differential scanning calorimetry have been used to measure the heat-capacity of ilmenite (FeTiO</span><sub>3</sub><span>) from 5 to 1000 K. These measurements yield&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sub>298</sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;= 108.9&nbsp;</span><i>J</i><span>/(</span><i>mol</i><span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>). Calculations from published experimental data on the reduction of ilmenite yield&nbsp;</span><i>Δ</i><sub>298</sub><sup>0</sup><span>(</span><i>I</i><span>1) = −1153.9&nbsp;</span><i>kJ</i><span>/(</span><i>mol</i><span>&nbsp;·&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>). These new data, combined with available experimental and thermodynamic data for other phases, have been used to calculate phase equilibria in the system Fe-Ti-O. Calculations for the subsystem Ti-O show that extremely low values of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x192;O</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>\">ƒ<span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">ƒO2</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;are necessary to stabilize TiO, the mineral hongquiite reported from the Tao district in China. This mineral may not be TiO, and it should be re-examined for substitution of other elements such as N or C. Consideration of solid-solution models for phases in the system Fe-Ti-O allows derivation of a new thermometer/oxybarometer for assemblages of ferropseudobrookite-pseudobrookite</span><sub>ss</sub><span>&nbsp;and hematite-ilmenite</span><sub>ss</sub><span>. Preliminary application of this new thermometer/oxybarometer to lunar and terrestrial lavas gives reasonable estimates of oxygen fugacities, but generally yields subsolidus temperatures, suggesting re-equilibration of one or more phases during cooling.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90061-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Anovitz, L.M., Treiman, A., Essene, E., Hemingway, B.S., Westrum, E., Wall, V., Burriel, R., and Bohlen, S., 1985, The heat-capacity of ilmenite and phase equilibria in the system Fe-T-O: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 10, p. 2027-2040, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90061-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2027","endPage":"2040","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480544,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/25563","text":"External Repository"},{"id":222274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bacb3e4b08c986b323698","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anovitz, Lawrence M.","contributorId":23174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anovitz","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treiman, A.H.","contributorId":87690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treiman","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Westrum, E.F. Jr.","contributorId":96416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westrum","given":"E.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wall, V.J.","contributorId":22493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"V.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burriel, R.","contributorId":10550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burriel","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":12033,"text":"ofr84843D - 1985 - Distribution of zinc heavy-mineral-concentrate from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T21:29:54.251203","indexId":"ofr84843D","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-843","chapter":"D","title":"Distribution of zinc heavy-mineral-concentrate from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84843D","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., Whitlow, J.W., Duttweiler, K., Siems, D.F., and Wilch, L.O., 1985, Distribution of zinc heavy-mineral-concentrate from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-843, Report: 4 p.; 2 Plates: 37.91 x 25.89 inches and 38.01 x 26.87 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84843D.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 2 Plates: 37.91 x 25.89 inches and 38.01 x 26.87 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416881,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13587.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":40038,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40037,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40036,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              35\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              36\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              36\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63f29c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duttweiler, K.A.","contributorId":68310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duttweiler","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wilch, L. O.","contributorId":88351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilch","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013214,"text":"70013214 - 1985 - Validation of an automated fluorescein method for determining bromide in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013214","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validation of an automated fluorescein method for determining bromide in water","docAbstract":"Surface, atmospheric precipitation and deionized water samples were spiked with ??g l-1 concentrations of bromide, and the solutions stored in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene bottles. Bromide was determined periodically for 30 days. Automated fluorescein and ion chromatography methods were used to determine bromide in these prepared samples. Analysis of the data by the paired t-test indicates that the two methods are not significantly different at a probability of 95% for samples containing from 0.015 to 0.5 mg l-1 of bromide. The correlation coefficient for the same sets of paired data is 0.9987. Recovery data, except for the surface water samples to which 0.005 mg l-1 of bromide was added, range from 89 to 112%. There appears to be no loss of bromide from solution in either type of container.Surface, atmospheric precipitation and deionized water samples were spiked with mu g l** minus **1 concentrations of bromide, and the solutions stored in polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene bottles. Bromide was determined periodically for 30 days. Automated fluorescein and ion chromatography methods were used to determine bromide in these prepared samples. Analysis of the data by the paired t-test indicates that the two methods are not significantly different at a probability of 95% for samples containing from 0. 015 to 0. 5 mg l** minus **1 of bromide. The correlation coefficient for the same sets of paired data is 0. 9987. Recovery data, except for the surface water samples to which 0. 005 mg l** minus **1 of bromide was added, range from 89 to 112%. Refs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0043-1354(85)90042-9","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Fishman, M.J., Schroder, L., and Friedman, L., 1985, Validation of an automated fluorescein method for determining bromide in water: Water Research, v. 19, no. 4, p. 497-501, https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90042-9.","startPage":"497","endPage":"501","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204999,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90042-9"},{"id":220021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0fee4b08c986b32a3f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, M. J.","contributorId":65069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, L.C.","contributorId":57080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013025,"text":"70013025 - 1985 - Land subsidence: Its impacts and costs in the U.S","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:39","indexId":"70013025","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3667,"text":"Underground Space","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land subsidence: Its impacts and costs in the U.S","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Underground Space","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03620565","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., 1985, Land subsidence: Its impacts and costs in the U.S: Underground Space, v. 9, no. 5-6.","startPage":"260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a41c0e4b0c8380cd65784","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70009913,"text":"70009913 - 1985 - Mechanistic roles of soil humus and minerals in the sorption of nonionic organic compounds from aqueous and organic solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:47:58","indexId":"70009913","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanistic roles of soil humus and minerals in the sorption of nonionic organic compounds from aqueous and organic solutions","docAbstract":"<p>Mechanistic roles of soil humus and soil minerals and their contributions to soil sorption of nonionic organic compounds from aqueous and organic solutions are illustrated. Parathion and lindane are used as model solutes on two soils that differ greatly in their humic and mineral contents. In aqueous systems, observed sorptive characteristics suggest that solute partitioning into the soil-humic phase is the primary mechanism of soil uptake. By contrast, data obtained from organic solutions on dehydrated soil partitioning into humic phase and adsorption by soil minerals is influenced by the soil-moisture content and by the solvent medium from which the solute is sorbed.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0146-6380(85)90045-2","issn":"01466380","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Shoup, T., and Porter, P., 1985, Mechanistic roles of soil humus and minerals in the sorption of nonionic organic compounds from aqueous and organic solutions: Organic Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 1, p. 9-14, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(85)90045-2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"9","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5374e4b0c8380cd6cac7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shoup, T.D.","contributorId":12614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shoup","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, P.E.","contributorId":31109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012942,"text":"70012942 - 1985 - An underwater instrument for determining bearing capacity of shallow marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T17:49:08.25594","indexId":"70012942","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1824,"text":"Geotechnical Testing Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An underwater instrument for determining bearing capacity of shallow marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p><span>A small, portable, underwater instrument for measuring carbonate substrate bearing capacity in situ is described. The device was used in various shallow water (&lt; 9 m) carbonate reef environments. Criteria for design and operation were based on ability to deliver controlled levels of stress to bearing plates of various sizes, operability underwater by scuba divers, transportability, and cost.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","doi":"10.1520/GTJ10516J","usgsCitation":"Circe, R.C., 1985, An underwater instrument for determining bearing capacity of shallow marine sediments: Geotechnical Testing Journal, v. 8, no. 2, p. 96-98, https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10516J.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222688,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb3ee4b08c986b3285b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Circe, Ronald C.","contributorId":41592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Circe","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012791,"text":"70012791 - 1985 - Determination of interstitial chloride in shales and consolidated rocks by a precision leaching technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-25T13:51:29","indexId":"70012791","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3411,"text":"Society of Petroleum Engineers journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of interstitial chloride in shales and consolidated rocks by a precision leaching technique","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have devised a technique for determining chloride in interstitial water of consolidated rocks. Samples of rocks ranging from 5 to 10 g are crushed and sieved under controlled conditions and then ground with distilled water to submicron size in a closed mechanical mill. After ultra-centrifugation, chloride content is determined by coulometric titration. The chloride concentrations and total pore-water concentrations, obtained earlier from the same pore-water concentrations, obtained earlier from the same samples by low-temperature vacuum desiccation, are used to arrive at the \"original\" pore-water chloride concentrations by a simple iteration procedure. Interstitial chlorinity results obtained from Cretaceous and Jurassic strata in the Gulf of Mexico coastal areas ranged from 20 to 100 g/kg Cl with reproducibility approaching +/- 1%. We have also applied the technique to igneous and metamorphic bedrocks as well as ocean basalts containing 1 % water or less. Chloride values ranging from 6.7 to 20 g/kg with a reproducibility of about 5% were obtained.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Petroleum Engineers","doi":"10.2118/12724-PA","issn":"01977520","usgsCitation":"Manheim, F., Peck, E., and Lane, C.M., 1985, Determination of interstitial chloride in shales and consolidated rocks by a precision leaching technique: Society of Petroleum Engineers journal, v. 25, no. 5, p. 704-710, https://doi.org/10.2118/12724-PA.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"710","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd43e4b0c8380cd4e71a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manheim, Frank T. 0000-0003-4005-4524","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4005-4524","contributorId":45294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manheim","given":"Frank T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":364536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, E.E.","contributorId":77302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lane, Candice M.","contributorId":80823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"Candice","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013477,"text":"70013477 - 1985 - SURVEYS OF COASTAL STRUCTURES USING GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013477","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SURVEYS OF COASTAL STRUCTURES USING GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES.","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1983 and the spring and summer of 1984, the authors conducted side scan sonar and shallow subbottom surveys in conjunction with bathymetric and diving surveys along three northern California coastal structures to determine the condition of the structures before extensive damage occurred. Then the applicability of the data collection techniques for condition surveys in general was evaluated. Two of the structures surveyed are the parallel jetties that protect the entrance to Humboldt Bay, California, and the third structure is the outer breakwater at Crescent City, California. It was found that the side scan sonar is an excellent tool for defining the toe of the structure; also, when waves are low, it can be useful in determining armor types and the slope of structures. The subbottom system provided information on fault and bedrock locations; however, other systems need to be tested to see if any of them can locate buried armor near the structures.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Nineteenth Coastal Engineering Conference, Proceedings of the International Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624382","usgsCitation":"Dingler, J.R., and Anima, R.J., 1985, SURVEYS OF COASTAL STRUCTURES USING GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES., <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 3, Houston, TX, USA, p. 2635-2647.","startPage":"2635","endPage":"2647","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafabe4b0c8380cd87709","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edge, Billy L.","contributorId":64575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edge","given":"Billy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508492,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dingler, John R.","contributorId":55795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dingler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anima, Roberto J.","contributorId":32499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anima","given":"Roberto","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012943,"text":"70012943 - 1985 - Kinetic and thermodynamic factors controlling the distribution of SO32- and Na+ in calcites and selected aragonites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T16:54:10.042448","indexId":"70012943","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Kinetic and thermodynamic factors controlling the distribution of SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> in calcites and selected aragonites","title":"Kinetic and thermodynamic factors controlling the distribution of SO32- and Na+ in calcites and selected aragonites","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Significant amounts of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and OH<sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>are incorporated in marine biogenic calcites. Biogenic high Mg-calcites average about 1 mole percent SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>. Aragonites and most biogenic low Mg-calcites contain significant amounts of Na<sup>+</sup>, but very low concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>. The SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>content of non-biogenic calcites and aragonites investigated was below 100 ppm. The presence of Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>increases the unit cell size of calcites. The solid-solutions show a solubility minimum at about 0.5 mole percent SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>beyond which the solubility rapidly increases. The solubility product of calcites containing 3 mole percent SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>is the same as that of aragonite. Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>appears to have very little effect on the solubility product of calcites. The amounts of Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>incorporated in calcites vary as a function of the rate of crystal growth. The variation of the distribution coefficient (<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>D</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">D</span></span></span>) of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in calcite at 25.0°C and 0.50 molal NaCl is described by the equation<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>D = k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mtext>+ k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mtext>R</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">D = k<sub>0</sub>+ k<sub>1</sub>R</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>where<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">k<sub>0</sub></span></span></span><sub><span>&nbsp;</span></sub>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>k</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">k<sub>1</sub></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>are constants equal to<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>6.16 &amp;#xD7; 10</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>&amp;#x2212;6</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">6.16 × 10<sup>−6</sup></span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>3.941 &amp;#xD7; 10</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>&amp;#x2212;6</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">3.941 × 10<sup>−6</sup></span></span></span>, respectively, and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>R</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">R</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>is the rate of crystal growth of calcite in mg·min<sup>−1</sup>·g<sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>of seed. The data on Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>are consistent with the hypothesis that a significant amount of Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>occupies interstitial positions in the calcite structure. The distribution of Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>follows a Freundlich isotherm and not the Berthelot-Nernst distribution law. The numerical value of the Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>distribution coefficient in calcite is probably dependent on the number of defects in the calcite structure. The Na<sup>+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>contents of calcites are not very accurate indicators of environmental salinities.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90166-8","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., and Plummer, N., 1985, Kinetic and thermodynamic factors controlling the distribution of SO32- and Na+ in calcites and selected aragonites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 3, p. 713-725, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90166-8.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"713","endPage":"725","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222689,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a4e4b0c8380cd64f13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012361,"text":"70012361 - 1985 - EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SORPTION OF CHELATED RADIONUCLIDES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012361","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SORPTION OF CHELATED RADIONUCLIDES.","docAbstract":"Temperature effects in the near-field radioactive waste disposal environment can result in changes in the adsorptive capacity and character of the substrate and the chemistry of the reacting fluids. This work examines the effect of temperature on 1) the kinetics of radionuclide sorption onto clays from 25 degree -75 degree C and 2) the degradation and metal-binding ability of two organic complexing agents found in chelated radioactive wastes and natural groundwaters.","largerWorkTitle":"Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management VIII. Held as part of the Fall Meeting of the Materials Research Society.","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Materials Research Soc","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","issn":"02729172","isbn":"093183709X","usgsCitation":"Maest, A.S., Crerar, D.A., Dillon, E.C., Trehu, S.M., and Rountree, T.N., 1985, EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE SORPTION OF CHELATED RADIONUCLIDES., <i>in</i> Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, v. 44, Boston, MA, USA, p. 377-384.","startPage":"377","endPage":"384","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222073,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0457e4b0c8380cd50907","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jantzen Carol M.Stone John A.Ewing Rodney C.","contributorId":128428,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jantzen Carol M.Stone John A.Ewing Rodney C.","id":536251,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Maest, Ann S.","contributorId":26003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crerar, David A.","contributorId":23278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crerar","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dillon, Edward C.","contributorId":70923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trehu, Stephen M.","contributorId":88488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trehu","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rountree, Tamara N.","contributorId":97635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rountree","given":"Tamara","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012297,"text":"70012297 - 1985 - A comparison of several methods of solving nonlinear regression groundwater flow problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T18:15:43","indexId":"70012297","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of several methods of solving nonlinear regression groundwater flow problems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Computational efficiency and computer memory requirements for four methods of minimizing functions were compared for four test nonlinear-regression steady state groundwater flow problems. The fastest methods were the Marquardt and quasi-linearization methods, which required almost identical computer times and numbers of iterations; the next fastest was the quasi-Newton method, and last was the Fletcher-Reeves method, which did not converge in 100 iterations for two of the problems. The fastest method per iteration was the Fletcher-Reeves method, and this was followed closely by the quasi-Newton method. The Marquardt and quasi-linearization methods were slower. For all four methods the speed per iteration was directly related to the number of parameters in the model. However, this effect was much more pronounced for the Marquardt and quasi-linearization methods than for the other two. Hence the quasi-Newton (and perhaps Fletcher-Reeves) method might be more efficient than either the Marquardt or quasi-linearization methods if the number of parameters in a particular model were large, although this remains to be proven. The Marquardt method required somewhat less central memory than the quasi-linearization metilod for three of the four problems. For all four problems the quasi-Newton method required roughly two thirds to three quarters of the memory required by the Marquardt method, and the Fletcher-Reeves method required slightly less memory than the quasi-Newton method. Memory requirements were not excessive for any of the four methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i010p01525","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1985, A comparison of several methods of solving nonlinear regression groundwater flow problems: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 10, p. 1525-1538, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i010p01525.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1538","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e372e4b0c8380cd46021","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013300,"text":"70013300 - 1985 - APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013300","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS.","docAbstract":"Acoustic-logging methods using a considerable range of wavelengths and frequencies have proven very useful in the in situ characterization of deeply buried crystalline rocks. Seismic velocities are useful in investigating the moduli of unfractured rock, and in producing a continuous record of rock quality for comparison with discontinuous intervals of core. The considerable range of frequencies makes the investigation of scale effects possible in both fractured and unfractured rock. Several specific methods for the characterization of in situ permeability have been developed and verified in the field.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics","conferenceTitle":"Research & Engineering Applications in Rock Masses, Proceedings of the 26th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.","conferenceLocation":"Rapid City, SD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"A. A. Balkema","publisherLocation":"Rotterdam, Neth","issn":"0085574X","isbn":"9061916011","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., 1985, APPLICATIONS OF BOREHOLE-ACOUSTIC METHODS IN ROCK MECHANICS., <i>in</i> Proceedings - Symposium on Rock Mechanics, v. 1, Rapid City, SD, USA, p. 207-220.","startPage":"207","endPage":"220","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e631e4b0c8380cd4722c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012359,"text":"70012359 - 1985 - QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012359","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK.","docAbstract":"The purpose of the National Trends Network is to delineate the major inorganic constituents in the wet deposition in the United States. The approach chosen to monitor the Nation's wet deposition is to install approximately 150 automatic sampling devices with at least one collector in each state. Samples are collected at one week intervals, removed from collectors, and transported to an analytical laboratory for chemical analysis. The quality assurance program has divided wet deposition monitoring into 5 parts: (1) Sampling site selection, (2) sampling device, (3) sample container, (4) sample handling, and (5) laboratory analysis. Each of these five components is being examined using existing designs or new designs. Each existing or proposed sampling site is visited and a criteria audit is performed.","conferenceTitle":"Transactions - Quality Assurance in Air Pollution Measurements.","conferenceLocation":"Boulder, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"APCA (TR-3)","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","usgsCitation":"Schroder, L., and Malo, B.A., 1985, QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR WET DEPOSITION SAMPLING AND CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR THE NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK., Transactions - Quality Assurance in Air Pollution Measurements., Boulder, CO, USA, p. 254-260.","startPage":"254","endPage":"260","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222012,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a906de4b0c8380cd7fd24","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Johnson Ted R.Penkala Stanley J.","contributorId":128455,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Johnson Ted R.Penkala Stanley J.","id":536249,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, LeRoy J.","contributorId":8454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"LeRoy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malo, Bernard A.","contributorId":78868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malo","given":"Bernard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013020,"text":"70013020 - 1985 - Physiography and deposition on a distal deep-sea system: The Valencia Fan (Northwestern Mediterranean)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:23","indexId":"70013020","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiography and deposition on a distal deep-sea system: The Valencia Fan (Northwestern Mediterranean)","docAbstract":"The Valencia Fan developed as the distal fill of a deep-sea valley, detached from the continental slope and the main sedimentary source. A survey of side-scan sonar, Sea Beam and reflection seismics shows that the sediment is largely fed through the Valencia Valley. The upper fan comprises large channels with low-relief levees, and the middle fan has sinuous distributary channels. Depositional bedforms predominate on the valley floor and levees, and erosional bedforms are common in the valley walls. A change to slope on the fan apex and the presence of volcanoes on the upper fan are the main factors influencing fan-growth pattern. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02281633","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Maldonado, A., Palanques, A., Alonso, B., Kastens, K., Nelson, C., O'Connell, S., and Ryan, W., 1985, Physiography and deposition on a distal deep-sea system: The Valencia Fan (Northwestern Mediterranean): Geo-Marine Letters, v. 5, no. 3, p. 157-164, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02281633.","startPage":"157","endPage":"164","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204977,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281633"},{"id":219828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b04e4b0c8380cd791e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maldonado, A.","contributorId":90437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maldonado","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Palanques, A.","contributorId":61155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palanques","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alonso, B.","contributorId":51014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alonso","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kastens, K.A.","contributorId":70917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastens","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, C.H.","contributorId":88346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O'Connell, S.","contributorId":37060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Connell","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryan, William B. F.","contributorId":86486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"William B. F.","affiliations":[{"id":7135,"text":"Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":365093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70012825,"text":"70012825 - 1985 - Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T11:01:35","indexId":"70012825","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing","docAbstract":"In an interlaboratory test, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was compared with flame atomic absorption spectrometry and molecular absorption spectrophotometry for the determination of 17 major and trace elements in 100 filtered natural water samples. No unacceptable biases were detected. The analysis precision of ICP-AES was found to be equal to or better than alternative methods. Known-addition recovery experiments demonstrated that the ICP-AES determinations are accurate to between plus or minus 2 and plus or minus 10 percent; four-fifths of the tests yielded average recoveries of 95-105 percent, with an average relative standard deviation of about 5 percent.","language":"English","publisher":"Sage","doi":"10.1366/0003702854248458","issn":"00037028","usgsCitation":"Garbarino, J., Jones, B.E., and Stein, G., 1985, Statistical evaluation of an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for routine water quality testing: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 39, no. 3, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248458.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221913,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9729e4b08c986b31b902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garbarino, J.R.","contributorId":76326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garbarino","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, B. E.","contributorId":70787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, G.P.","contributorId":30363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}