{"pageNumber":"502","pageRowStart":"12525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184606,"records":[{"id":70219565,"text":"70219565 - 2021 - Mass eruption rate, column height, and duration dataset for volcanic eruptions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-02T17:09:07.46671","indexId":"70219565","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T12:07:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8918,"text":"GNS Science Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Mass eruption rate, column height, and duration dataset for volcanic eruptions","docAbstract":"This report describes a dataset assembled and curated as part of a project funded by the Earthquake Commission Biennial Grant 20781, Towards real-time probabilistic ash deposition forecasting for Aotearoa New Zealand. This dataset compiles measured, estimated, and calculated values for volcanic eruption mass eruption rates, column heights, and durations. Data comes from 213 eruptions, with about a third from New Zealand volcanoes. 65% of eruptions have a value for all three parameters. Eruptions are further classified according to magma and eruption type to prepare for further analysis. This dataset will be used to develop prior probability density functions (PDFs) for mass eruption rate (MER), column height, and duration to quantify uncertainty in volcanological inputs with the aim of production of real-time probabilistic ashfall forecasts.","language":"English","publisher":"GNS Science","doi":"10.21420/P18W-7674","usgsCitation":"Deligne, N.I., 2021, Mass eruption rate, column height, and duration dataset for volcanic eruptions: GNS Science Report, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.21420/P18W-7674.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126198","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386138,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[173.02037,-40.91905],[173.24723,-41.332],[173.95841,-40.9267],[174.24759,-41.34916],[174.24852,-41.77001],[173.87645,-42.23318],[173.22274,-42.97004],[172.71125,-43.37229],[173.08011,-43.85334],[172.30858,-43.86569],[171.45293,-44.24252],[171.18514,-44.8971],[170.6167,-45.90893],[169.83142,-46.35577],[169.33233,-46.64124],[168.41135,-46.61994],[167.76374,-46.2902],[166.67689,-46.21992],[166.50914,-45.8527],[167.04642,-45.11094],[168.30376,-44.12397],[168.94941,-43.93582],[169.66781,-43.55533],[170.52492,-43.03169],[171.12509,-42.51275],[171.56971,-41.76742],[171.94871,-41.51442],[172.09723,-40.9561],[172.79858,-40.49396],[173.02037,-40.91905]]],[[[174.61201,-36.1564],[175.33662,-37.2091],[175.3576,-36.52619],[175.80889,-36.79894],[175.95849,-37.55538],[176.7632,-37.88125],[177.43881,-37.96125],[178.01035,-37.57982],[178.51709,-37.69537],[178.27473,-38.58281],[177.97046,-39.16634],[177.20699,-39.14578],[176.93998,-39.44974],[177.03295,-39.87994],[176.88582,-40.06598],[176.50802,-40.60481],[176.01244,-41.28962],[175.23957,-41.68831],[175.0679,-41.42589],[174.65097,-41.28182],[175.22763,-40.45924],[174.90016,-39.90893],[173.82405,-39.50885],[173.85226,-39.1466],[174.5748,-38.79768],[174.74347,-38.02781],[174.69702,-37.38113],[174.29203,-36.71109],[174.319,-36.53482],[173.841,-36.12198],[173.05417,-35.23713],[172.63601,-34.52911],[173.00704,-34.45066],[173.5513,-35.00618],[174.32939,-35.2655],[174.61201,-36.1564]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Zealand\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deligne, Natalia I. 0000-0001-9221-8581","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9221-8581","contributorId":257389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deligne","given":"Natalia","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70229166,"text":"70229166 - 2021 - Movement, survival, and delays of Atlantic Salmon smolts in the Piscataquis River, Maine, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-02T18:05:44.387893","indexId":"70229166","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T12:00:09","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Movement, survival, and delays of Atlantic Salmon smolts in the Piscataquis River, Maine, USA","docAbstract":"<p>Movement, delays, and survival of hatchery Atlantic Salmon<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salmo salar</i><span>&nbsp;</span>smolts were evaluated through the Piscataquis River, a tributary of the Penobscot River in Maine, USA. We explored the effects of the river’s four dams (Guilford, Dover, Browns Mill, and Howland dams) from 2005 to 2019. During this period, the downstream-most dam (Howland Dam) transitioned from full hydropower generation to seasonal turbine shutdowns and later was decommissioned with the construction of a nature-like fish bypass in 2016. We estimated survival through open-river reaches and at each dam using acoustic telemetry (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1,611). Dams decreased survival, with per-river-kilometer (rkm) apparent survival averages of 0.972, 0.951, and 0.990 for Guilford, Dover, and Browns Mill dams compared to a per-rkm survival of 0.999 for open-river reaches. Turbine shutdowns increased survival at Howland Dam (to around 0.95), which was further increased by the nature-like fish bypass (0.99). We used radiotelemetry in 2019 (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;75) and demonstrated that approximately one-third of the fish used the bypass, while the remaining fish used alternative routes. Smolts successfully passing the three upstream dams had lower apparent survival through Howland Dam than smolts that were released upstream of Howland Dam. Although smolts passing Browns Mill Dam had high survival, the dam caused extended delays, with median delay times surpassing 48&nbsp;h in most years. Most of the delays caused by Browns Mill Dam occurred after fish had passed the dam and may indicate a sublethal effect of passage. Overall, while survival through Howland Dam has improved, passage and delays at the three upstream dams in aggregate represent a critical impediment to the effective use of the high-quality spawning habitat found upstream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10289","usgsCitation":"Molina-Moctezuma, A., Peterson, E., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2021, Movement, survival, and delays of Atlantic Salmon smolts in the Piscataquis River, Maine, USA: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 3, p. 345-360, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10289.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"345","endPage":"360","ipdsId":"IP-123218","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10289","text":"External Repository"},{"id":396662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Piscataquis River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.26467895507812,\n              45.090005109822656\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.59039306640625,\n              45.090005109822656\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.59039306640625,\n              45.32897866218559\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.26467895507812,\n              45.32897866218559\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.26467895507812,\n              45.090005109822656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molina-Moctezuma, Alejandro","contributorId":275649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Molina-Moctezuma","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Erin","contributorId":287522,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":836851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70221346,"text":"70221346 - 2021 - Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T15:24:31.045183","indexId":"70221346","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T11:28:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5709,"text":"OCS Study","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2021-031","title":"Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet","docAbstract":"<p>Following the North Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016 and associated extreme die-off of seabirds in the winter of 2015-2016, we repeated historical marine bird and forage fish surveys around two seabird colonies (Gull Island, Chisik Island) in lower Cook Inlet during 2016-2019 in order to document immediate and lingering impacts of the heatwave on resident fish and seabird populations. At sea, we conducted acoustic/trawl surveys for fish in near-colony areas, while simultaneously counting seabirds on survey transects. At colonies, we monitored bird numbers on whole colony censuses and population plot counts and assessed annual reproductive success of Black-legged Kittiwakes (<i>Rissa tridactyla</i>) and Common Murres (<i>Uria aalge</i>). Our studies suggest that impacts of the heatwave on seabirds and their forage base were severe and extended for several years beyond the heatwave itself. Although fish biomass indices were greatest in 2016-2017, the forage community was largely dominated by juvenile fish with low nutritional value following a collapse of key species of forage fish during the marine heatwave. Lowest fish biomass was observed in 2018, coincident with a marked decline in the at-sea abundance of many seabirds around colonies. By 2019 there were signs of improvement in prey abundance and quality, and significant aggregations of pre-spawning capelin and large sand lance were observed in and around Kachemak Bay. In comparison with historical (1996-1999) bird colony surveys, kittiwake population counts decreased by more than 70% at Chisik Island, and by 8-29% at Gull Island. Similarly, murre counts decreased at Chisik Island by 72% and by more than 20% at Gull Island. Kittiwakes had complete reproductive failure at Chisik Island from 2016-2018, with minimal success in 2019. At Gull Island, kittiwakes also failed in 2016 and 2018 but had unusually high productivity in 2017 and 2019. Murres also had complete reproductive failures at Chisik Island in all four years and at Gull Island during 2016, 2017 and 2018. Murres finally fledged chicks in 2019, albeit at about half the normal rate. Finally, we also observed unusually high levels of predator disturbance (egg predation, flushing adults from plots) and unprecedented numbers of adult birds in poor body condition (“skinny murres”), particularly in 2018. Together, these results indicate that an extreme disruption of marine food webs occurred during and after the heatwave. Given the prolonged reproductive failures, continued monitoring is required to assess continuing impacts and recovery from the 2014-2016 heatwave. For example, murre chicks that would have been produced in 2016 should, after 4-5 years away, start recruiting to the colony in 2021, and thereby replace aged adults that would have died naturally in the past year(s). Without such natal recruitment for at least the next 3-4 years, we should document a continuing decline in bird numbers at the colonies.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bureau of Ocean Energy Management","usgsCitation":"Arimitsu, M.L., Schoen, S.K., Piatt, J., Marsteller, C.E., and Drew, G.S., 2021, Monitoring the recovery of seabirds and forage fish following a major ecosystem disruption in Lower Cook Inlet: OCS Study 2021-031, 50 p.","productDescription":"50 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128506","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":399161,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415234,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.boem.gov/sites/default/files/documents/regions/alaska-ocs-region/BOEM_2021-031.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"lower Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153,\n              59.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -151,\n              59.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -151,\n              60.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              60.33\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              59.33\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoen, Sarah K. 0000-0002-5685-5185 sschoen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-5185","contributorId":5136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoen","given":"Sarah","email":"sschoen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":244053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John F.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marsteller, Caitlin Elizabeth 0000-0002-2430-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-0708","contributorId":251784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsteller","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"Elizabeth","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drew, Gary S. 0000-0002-6789-0891 gdrew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0891","contributorId":3311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drew","given":"Gary","email":"gdrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":817396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70223673,"text":"70223673 - 2021 - The Denver Well Logging Society May 2021 Newsletter: From the VP - Technology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-14T16:53:05.86177","indexId":"70223673","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T10:50:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9980,"text":"Denver Well Drilling Society Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"The Denver Well Logging Society May 2021 Newsletter: From the VP - Technology","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Denver Well Logging Society","usgsCitation":"Lagesse, J.H., 2021, The Denver Well Logging Society May 2021 Newsletter: From the VP - Technology: Denver Well Drilling Society Newsletter, no. May 2021, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-129212","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":394387,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dwls.spwla.org/2021-05-Newsletter.html"}],"issue":"May 2021","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lagesse, Jenny H. 0000-0002-3541-4751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3541-4751","contributorId":248367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lagesse","given":"Jenny","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":822283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70256215,"text":"70256215 - 2021 - Constraints on deep, CO2-rich degassing at arc volcanoes from solubility experiments on hydrous basaltic andesite of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska Peninsula, at 300 to 1200 MPa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T15:34:20.353523","indexId":"70256215","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T10:15:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Constraints on deep, CO<sub>2</sub>-rich degassing at arc volcanoes from solubility experiments on hydrous basaltic andesite of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska Peninsula, at 300 to 1200 MPa","title":"Constraints on deep, CO2-rich degassing at arc volcanoes from solubility experiments on hydrous basaltic andesite of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska Peninsula, at 300 to 1200 MPa","docAbstract":"<p>The solubility of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in hydrous basaltic andesite was examined in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>O2</sub>-controlled experiments at a temperature of 1125 °C and pressures between 310–1200 MPa. Concentrations of dissolved H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in experimental glasses were determined by ion microprobe calibrated on a subset of run glasses analyzed by high-temperature vacuum manometry. Assuming that the solubility of H<sub>2</sub>O in mafic melt is relatively well known, estimates of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">\uD835\uDC4BH2Ofluid</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">\uD835\uDC43H2Ofluid</span><span>&nbsp;</span>in the saturating fluid were modeled, and by difference, values for<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">\uD835\uDC4BCO2fluid</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">\uD835\uDC43CO2fluid</span><span>&nbsp;</span>were obtained (<i>X</i><sub>CO2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>~0.5–0.9);<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>CO2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>could be then calculated from the fluid composition, temperature, and pressure.</p><p>Dissolved H<sub>2</sub>O over a range of 2.3–5.5 wt% had no unequivocal influence on the dissolution of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>at the pressures and fluid compositions examined. For these H<sub>2</sub>O concentrations, dissolved CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>increases with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>CO2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>following an empirical power-law relation: dissolved CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(ppmw) =<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">14.9−3.5+4.5</span>[<i>f</i><sub>CO2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(MPa)]<sup>0.7±0.03</sup>. The highest-pressure results plot farthest from this equation but are within its 1 standard-error uncertainty envelope.</p><p>We compare our experimental data with three recent CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O solubility models:<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"B46\">Papale et al. (2006)</a>;<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"B26\">Iacono-Marziano et al. (2012)</a>; and<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"B21\">Ghiorso and Gualda (2015)</a>. The<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"B46\">Papale et al. (2006)</a><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"B26\">Iacono-Marizano et al. (2012)</a><span>&nbsp;</span>models give similar results, both over-predicting the solubility of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in a melt of the Pavlof basaltic andesite composition across the<span>&nbsp;</span><i>f</i><sub>CO2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>range, whereas the<span>&nbsp;</span><a class=\"link link-ref xref-bibr\" data-modal-source-id=\"B21\">Ghiorso and Gualda (2015)</a><span>&nbsp;</span>model under-predicts CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solubility. All three solubility models would indicate a strong enhancement of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solubility with increasing dissolved H<sub>2</sub>O not apparent in our results. We also examine our results in the context of previous high-pressure CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>solubility experiments on basaltic melts. Dissolved CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>correlates positively with mole fraction (Na+K+Ca)/Al across a compositional spectrum of trachybasalt-alkali basalt-tholeiite-icelandite-basaltic andesite. Shortcomings of current solubility models for a widespread arc magma type indicate that our understanding of degassing in the deep crust and uppermost mantle remains semi-quantitative. Experimental studies systematically varying concentrations of melt components (Mg, Ca, Na, K, Al, Si) may be necessary to identify solubility reactions, quantify their equilibrium constants, and thereby build an accurate and generally applicable solubility model.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/am-2021-7531","usgsCitation":"Mangan, M., Sisson, T.W., Hankins, W., Shimizu, N., and Vennemann, T.W., 2021, Constraints on deep, CO2-rich degassing at arc volcanoes from solubility experiments on hydrous basaltic andesite of Pavlof Volcano, Alaska Peninsula, at 300 to 1200 MPa: American Mineralogist, v. 106, no. 5, p. 762-773, https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2021-7531.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"762","endPage":"773","ipdsId":"IP-114111","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431567,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Pavlov Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -162.06884587926007,\n              55.51723314455435\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.06884587926007,\n              55.30017649761001\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.7326394583513,\n              55.30017649761001\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.7326394583513,\n              55.51723314455435\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.06884587926007,\n              55.51723314455435\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"106","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mangan, Margaret","contributorId":340414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mangan","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":81605,"text":"USGS retiree, no present affiliation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sisson, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3380-6425 tsisson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3380-6425","contributorId":2341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sisson","given":"Thomas","email":"tsisson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hankins, W. Ben 0000-0001-9881-9468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-9468","contributorId":28618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hankins","given":"W. Ben","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":907123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shimizu, Nobumichi","contributorId":177010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Nobumichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vennemann, Torsten W.","contributorId":190168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vennemann","given":"Torsten","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":907125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70220240,"text":"70220240 - 2021 - Sedex hydrothermal systems triggered upheavals to marine chemistry and mass extinctions: Applications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-20T15:45:36.307468","indexId":"70220240","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T09:37:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":25,"text":"Newsletter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":30,"text":"Newsletter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17165,"text":"Geological Society of Nevada Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":30}},"title":"Sedex hydrothermal systems triggered upheavals to marine chemistry and mass extinctions: Applications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration","docAbstract":"<p>New USGS research reveals that the discharge of metal-rich brine that formed sedex deposits on ancient seafloors had profound effects on global ocean chemistry and biologic evolution. For example, brine expulsion caused short-duration positive excursions (“spikes”) in the global marine Sr isotope record. While these spikes are unexplained by conventional oceanic models, our chronostratigraphic correlations of major sedex events, combined with mass balance evidence and oceanographic modeling, confirm that the flux of radiogenic Sr from sedex brines during ore formation was sufficient to cause these once enigmatic 87Sr/86Sr spikes. Recognition that the timing of peak <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr spikes correlates exactly with global δ<sup>13</sup>C (and δ<sup>18</sup>O) spikes, climate change, deposition of metal-rich black shales and ironstones, metal-induced malformation (teratology) of marine organisms, and mass extinctions, establishes a causal relationship between sedex deposits and these dramatic events in earth history. The relationships among these features are not fully understood. However, our new model demonstrates that the flux of key biolimiting nutrients and metals contained in sedex brines exceeds that of the total modern riverine flux to the ocean. Undoubtably, these immense nutrient fluxes spurred ocean eutrophication, which, ultimately, through a series of positive feedback mechanisms, may be a previously unrecognized trigger of global ocean anoxic events (OAEs) that produced these chemical and biological perturbations. A derivative result from this integrative research is the recognition that OAEs resulted in the formation of “bathtub rim” deposits at redox boundaries along continental margins that concentrated various redox sensitive critical minerals. For example, we have identified midcontinent phosphorite deposits that contains heavy REE grades and tonnages that rival any REE deposit in the world. </p><p>The recognition that sedex-forming fluid expulsion events are recorded in the global marine isotopic, geologic, and biological records, defines a new approach to the study of and exploration for sedex deposits. Traditional ore genesis research, coupled with chronostratigraphic correlation and high-resolution <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr isotope chemostratigraphy can be used to answer long-standing questions about geologic processes responsible for formation of these extraordinary deposits. This approach allows us to constrain, for the first time, the age, duration, and fluxes of fluids and metals vented into the ocean by these giant hydrothermal systems. Accordingly, the fact that large mineralizing events are recorded in the marine sedimentary record opens the tantalizing prospect that we have the ability to conduct effective resource assessments and define prospective basins anywhere in the world. This innovative approach allows for identification of favorable stratigraphic ages and basins and remote evaluation of the size (and, thus, the mineral potential) of undiscovered mineral deposits. This methodology could be applied on regional basin-wide assessments, to evaluate sedimentary basin prospectivity, resource favorability of specific horizons therein, and to the evaluation of the potential of early-stage prospects.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of Nevada","usgsCitation":"Emsbo, P., 2021, Sedex hydrothermal systems triggered upheavals to marine chemistry and mass extinctions: Applications for ore genesis research and mineral exploration: Geological Society of Nevada Newsletter, v. 37, no. 5.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"3","ipdsId":"IP-129204","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.gsnv.org/information/newsletter-archive/"},{"id":425796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"5","edition":"May","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221141,"text":"70221141 - 2021 - Putting people first: Using social science to reduce risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-03T13:33:50.668126","indexId":"70221141","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:29:16","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8920,"text":"Wildfire Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Putting people first: Using social science to reduce risk","docAbstract":"Wildland-urban interface residents, who occupy the areas where wildlands meet and mix with human development, are both contributors to and recipients of the disastrous effects of wildland fires. They contribute through fire starts, flammable homes, unmitigated properties, opposition to mitigation on nearby public lands, and land use planning efforts. We argue that successful, sustainable wildland fire solutions are only possible if the WUI residents are engaged. In this article, we describe an evidence-based quantitative social science model to illustrate how to put people at the center of wildland fire solutions. Our hope is to spur greater use of social science in evidence-based wildland fire programs.","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Wildland Fire","usgsCitation":"Champ, P.A., Barth, C.M., Brenkert-Smith, H., Falk, L.C., Gomez, J., and Meldrum, J., 2021, Putting people first: Using social science to reduce risk: Wildfire Magazine, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-118653","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386164,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iawfonline.org/article/putting-people-first-using-social-science-to-reduce-risk/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Champ, Patricia A.","contributorId":195486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champ","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barth, Christopher M.","contributorId":195487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barth","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brenkert-Smith, Hannah 0000-0001-6117-8863","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-8863","contributorId":195485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brenkert-Smith","given":"Hannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Falk, Lilia C.","contributorId":210655,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falk","given":"Lilia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":38125,"text":"West Region Wildfire Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gomez, Jamie","contributorId":218078,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gomez","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38125,"text":"West Region Wildfire Council","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Meldrum, James R. 0000-0001-5250-3759 jmeldrum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5250-3759","contributorId":195484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meldrum","given":"James","email":"jmeldrum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70220887,"text":"70220887 - 2021 - USGS 2020 critical minerals review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T13:27:50.897603","indexId":"70220887","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:23:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS 2020 critical minerals review","docAbstract":"<p><span>Concerns about the lack of domestic production and availability of essential mineral raw materials were a recurring theme throughout the 20th century, particularly in the periods around armed conflicts (Congressional Research Service, 2019). These concerns resulted in the designation of particular minerals as “strategic” or “critical,” terms that commonly depend on the perspective of the user, but which are generally understood to relate to mineral commodities with uses in essential applications, and which are exposed to risk of supply disruptions, with attendant implications for economic and national security interests.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration","usgsCitation":"Fortier, S.M., Nassar, N.T., Kelley, K.D., Lederer, G.W., Mauk, J.L., Hammarstrom, J.M., Day, W.C., and Seal,, R., 2021, USGS 2020 critical minerals review: Mining Engineering, v. 73, no. 5.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"32","ipdsId":"IP-118160","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386001,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":386000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=10190&page=32"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fortier, Steven M. 0000-0001-8123-5749","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8123-5749","contributorId":202406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortier","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nassar, Nedal T. 0000-0001-8758-9732 nnassar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9732","contributorId":197864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"Nedal","email":"nnassar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelley, Karen D. 0000-0002-3232-5809 kdkelley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-5809","contributorId":179012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"Karen","email":"kdkelley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lederer, Graham W. 0000-0002-9505-9923","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9505-9923","contributorId":202407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lederer","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hammarstrom, Jane M. 0000-0003-2742-3460 jhammars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-3460","contributorId":1226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammarstrom","given":"Jane","email":"jhammars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Seal,, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":141204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal,","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70236518,"text":"70236518 - 2021 - The concept of evanescent microbial ecosystems in Earth's atmosphere","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-09T13:20:50.11672","indexId":"70236518","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:18:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The concept of evanescent microbial ecosystems in Earth's atmosphere","docAbstract":"<p><span>This essay presents the hypothesis that short-lived or evanescent microbial ecosystems exist in Earth’s lower troposphere (~&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;4&nbsp;km). This hypothesis is supported by culture- and molecular-based studies that have shown diverse, viable, and metabolically active microbial communities within Earth’s atmospheric boundary layer. Surprisingly, microorganisms are routinely recovered in samples collected at extreme altitudes including those within the stratosphere (&gt; 18&nbsp;km). Volcanic eruptions, dust storms, fires, and sea spray are known to seed the atmosphere with microorganisms and to serve as potential nutrient sources while in the atmosphere and upon deposition. Recent research has demonstrated that microorganisms are metabolically active in clouds; for example, archaea capable of utilizing gases such as methane and hydrogen-nitrogen have been identified in clouds and in the atmosphere over natural and anthropogenic gas seeps. The only difference between this hypothesized ecosystem to more traditionally defined ecosystems is its evanescent characteristics where clouds or gas plumes eventually dissipate as they reside over and traverse Earth’s terrestrial and/or aquatic environments. The life cycle of these hypothesized evanescent airborne ecosystems would be short-lived relative to the classically defined biomes or ecosystems.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Microbes: The foundation stone of the biosphere","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-63512-1_5","usgsCitation":"Griffin, D.W., 2021, The concept of evanescent microbial ecosystems in Earth's atmosphere, chap. <i>of</i> Microbes: The foundation stone of the biosphere, v. 8, p. 105-113, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63512-1_5.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"113","ipdsId":"IP-117124","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Dale W. 0000-0003-1719-5812 dgriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1719-5812","contributorId":2178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Dale","email":"dgriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70231521,"text":"70231521 - 2021 - Conservation status of the world’s skinks (Scincidae): Taxonomic and geographic patterns in extinction risk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-12T13:43:25.999709","indexId":"70231521","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:10:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation status of the world’s skinks (Scincidae): Taxonomic and geographic patterns in extinction risk","docAbstract":"Our knowledge of the conservation status of reptiles, the most diverse group of terrestrial vertebrates, has improved dramatically over the past decade, but still lags behind that of the other tetrapod groups. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive assessment (~92% of the world’s ~1,714 described species) of the conservation status of skinks (Scincidae), the most speciose reptile family worldwide. Using IUCN criteria, we found that ~20% of species are threatened with extinction, and nine species are Extinct or Extinct in the Wild. The highest levels of threat are evident in Madagascar, and the Neotropics, and in the subfamilies Mabuyinae, Eugongylinae and Scincinae. The vast majority of threatened skink species were listed based primarily on their small geographic ranges (Criterion B, 83%; Criterion D2, 13%). Although the population trend of 42% of species were stable, 14% were found to have declining populations. The key threats to skinks are habitat loss due to agriculture, invasive species, and biological resource use. Distributions of 61% of species did not overlap with protected areas. Despite our improved knowledge of the conservation status of the world’s skinks, 8% of species remain to be assessed and 221 species (14%) are listed as Data Deficient. The conservation status of almost a quarter of the world’s skink species thus remains unknown. We use our updated knowledge of the conservation status of the group to develop and outline the priorities for the conservation assessment and management of the world’s skink species.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109101","usgsCitation":"Chapple, D.G., Roll, U., Böhm, M., Aguilar, R., Amey, A.P., Austin, C.C., Baling, M., Barley, A.J., Bates, M.F., Bauer, A.M., Blackburn, D.G., Bowles, P., Brown, R.M., Chandramouli, S.R., Chirio, L., Cogger, H., Colli, G.R., Conradie, W., Couper, P.J., Cowan, M.A., Craig, M.D., Das, I., Datta-Roy, A., Dickman, C., Ellis, R.J., Fenner, A.L., Ford, S., Ganesh, S.R., Gardner, M.G., Geissler, P., Gillespie, G.R., Glaw, F., Greenlees, M.J., Griffith, O.W., Grismer, L.L., Haines, M.L., Harris, D.J., Hedges, S.B., Hitchmough, R.A., Hoskin, C.J., Hutchinson, M.N., Ineich, I., Janssen, J., Johnston, G.R., Karin, B., Keogh, J., Kraus, F., LeBreton, M., Lymberakis, P., Masroor, R., McDonald, P.J., Mecke, S., Melville, J., Melzer, S., Michael, D.R., Miralles, A., Mitchell, N.J., Nelson, N.J., Nguyen, T.Q., de Campos Nogueira, C., Ota, H., Pafilis, P., Pauwels, O.S., Perera, A., Pincheira-Donoso, D., Reed, R., Ribeiro-Junior, M.A., Riley, J.L., Rocha, S., Rutherford, P.L., Sadlier, R.A., Shacham, B., Shea, G.M., Shine, R., Slavenko, A., Stow, A., Sumner, J., Tallowin, O.J., Teale, R., Torres-Carvajal, O., Trape, J., Uetz, P., Ukuwela, K.D., Valentine, L.E., Van Dyke, J.U., van Winkel, D., Vasconcelos, R., Vences, M., Wagner, P., Wapstra, E., While, G.M., Whiting, M.J., Whittington, C.M., Wilson, S., Ziegler, T., Tingley, R., and Meiri, S., 2021, Conservation status of the world’s skinks (Scincidae): Taxonomic and geographic patterns in extinction risk: Biological Conservation, v. 257, 109101, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109101.","productDescription":"109101, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122132","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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,{"id":70220548,"text":"70220548 - 2021 - Nocturnal incubation recess and flushing behavior by duck hens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:57:30.120114","indexId":"70220548","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:08:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nocturnal incubation recess and flushing behavior by duck hens","docAbstract":"<p><span>Incubating birds must balance the needs of their developing embryos with their own physiological needs, and many birds accomplish this by taking periodic breaks from incubation. Mallard (</span><i>Anas platyrhynchos</i><span>) and gadwall (</span><i>Mareca strepera</i><span>) hens typically take incubation recesses in the early morning and late afternoon, but recesses can also take place at night. We examined nocturnal incubation recess behavior for mallard and gadwall hens nesting in Suisun Marsh, California, USA, using iButton temperature dataloggers and continuous video monitoring at nests. Fourteen percent of all detected incubation recesses (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;13,708) were nocturnal and took place on 20% of nest‐days (</span><i>N</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;8,668). Video monitoring showed that hens covered their eggs with down feathers when they initiated a nocturnal recess themselves as they would a diurnal recess, but they left the eggs uncovered in 94% of the nocturnal recesses in which predators appeared at nests. Thus, determining whether or not eggs were left uncovered during a recess can provide strong indication whether the recess was initiated by the hen (eggs covered) or a predator (eggs uncovered). Because nest temperature decreased more rapidly when eggs were left uncovered versus covered, we were able to characterize eggs during nocturnal incubation recesses as covered or uncovered using nest temperature data. Overall, we predicted that 75% of nocturnal recesses were hen‐initiated recesses (eggs covered) whereas 25% of nocturnal recesses were predator‐initiated recesses (eggs uncovered). Of the predator‐initiated nocturnal recesses, 56% were accompanied by evidence of depredation at the nest during the subsequent nest monitoring visit. Hen‐initiated nocturnal recesses began later in the night (closer to morning) and were shorter than predator‐initiated nocturnal recesses. Our results indicate that nocturnal incubation recesses occur regularly (14% of all recesses) and, similar to diurnal recesses, most nocturnal recesses (75%) are initiated by the hen rather than an approaching predator.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7561","usgsCitation":"Croston, R., Peterson, S.H., Hartman, C.A., Herzog, M.P., Feldheim, C.L., Casazza, M.L., and Ackerman, J.T., 2021, Nocturnal incubation recess and flushing behavior by duck hens: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 12, p. 7292-7301, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7561.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7292","endPage":"7301","ipdsId":"IP-122856","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452473,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XG4KSK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Nocturnal Incubation Recess and Flushing Behavior by Duck Hens Nesting in Grizzly Island Wildlife Area 2015-2018"},{"id":385762,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Croston, Rebecca 0000-0003-4696-0878","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-0878","contributorId":256911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Croston","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":39913,"text":"former WERC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Sarah H. 0000-0003-2773-3901 sepeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-3901","contributorId":167181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sarah","email":"sepeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hartman, C. Alex 0000-0002-7222-1633 chartman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7222-1633","contributorId":131157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"C.","email":"chartman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alex","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herzog, Mark P. 0000-0002-5203-2835 mherzog@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-2835","contributorId":131158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"Mark","email":"mherzog@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Feldheim, Cliff L.","contributorId":206561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feldheim","given":"Cliff","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37342,"text":"California Department of Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":202848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70224283,"text":"70224283 - 2021 - Habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity drive elevational gradients in avian species diversity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T13:03:59.742321","indexId":"70224283","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T08:02:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity drive elevational gradients in avian species diversity","docAbstract":"<h3 id=\"ece37341-sec-0001-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Aim</h3><p>Anticipating and mitigating the impacts of climate change on species diversity in montane ecosystems requires a mechanistic understanding of drivers of current patterns of diversity. We documented the shape of elevational gradients in avian species richness in North America and tested a suite of a priori predictions for each of five mechanistic hypotheses to explain those patterns.</p><h3 id=\"ece37341-sec-0002-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Location</h3><p>United States</p><h3 id=\"ece37341-sec-0003-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Methods</h3><p>We used predicted occupancy maps generated from species distribution models for each of 646 breeding birds to document elevational patterns in avian species richness across the six largest U.S. mountain ranges. We used spatially explicit biotic and abiotic data to test five mechanistic hypotheses proposed to explain geographic variation in species richness.</p><h3 id=\"ece37341-sec-0004-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Results</h3><p>Elevational gradients in avian species richness followed a consistent pattern of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>low elevation plateau-mid-elevation peak</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(as per McCain, 2009). We found support for three of the five hypotheses to explain the underlying cause of this pattern: the habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity hypotheses.</p><h3 id=\"ece37341-sec-0005-title\" class=\"article-section__sub-title section1\">Main Conclusions</h3><p>Species richness typically decreases with elevation, but the primary cause and precise shape of the relationship remain topics of debate. We used a novel approach to study the richness-elevation relationship and our results are unique in that they show a consistent relationship between species richness and elevation among 6 mountain ranges, and universal support for three hypotheses proposed to explain the underlying cause of the observed relationship. Taken together, these results suggest that elevational variation in food availability may be the ecological process that best explains elevational gradients in avian species richness in North America. Although much attention has focused on the role of abiotic factors, particularly temperature, in limiting species’ ranges, our results offer compelling evidence that other processes also influence (and may better explain) elevational gradients in species richness.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7341","usgsCitation":"Dillon, K., and Conway, C.J., 2021, Habitat heterogeneity, temperature, and primary productivity drive elevational gradients in avian species diversity: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 11, p. 5985-5997, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7341.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"5985","endPage":"5997","ipdsId":"IP-105630","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7341","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":389477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dillon, Kristen G.","contributorId":265813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dillon","given":"Kristen G.","affiliations":[{"id":39599,"text":"ui","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70220573,"text":"70220573 - 2021 - Wetlands in intermittently closed estuaries can build elevations to keep pace with sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-19T12:19:42.854496","indexId":"70220573","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T07:18:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetlands in intermittently closed estuaries can build elevations to keep pace with sea-level rise","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea-level rise is a threat to&nbsp;coastal ecosystems, which have important conservation and economic value. While&nbsp;marsh&nbsp;response to sea-level rise has been well characterized for perennially open&nbsp;estuaries, bar-built intermittently-closed estuaries and their sea-level rise response are seldom addressed in the literature – despite being common globally. We seek to advance the conceptual understanding of sea-level rise response of marshes by incorporating the unique nature of intermittently-closed estuaries in a marsh model. We hypothesize that intermittently-closed-estuary marshes may be more resilient to sea-level rise than open-estuary marshes due to greater initial elevation capital and higher accretion rates due to closure events. Using California, USA as a case study,&nbsp;spatial analysis&nbsp;shows that marshes in intermittently-closed-estuaries had significantly greater elevations (x̄&nbsp;=&nbsp;1.93&nbsp;m&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.2 standard error, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;14) than marshes in permanently open estuaries (x̄&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.94&nbsp;m&nbsp;±&nbsp;0.1 standard error, n&nbsp;=&nbsp;8; P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.003). We then used a process-based model to determine marsh elevation change under 840 simulated responses to sea-level rise to 2100. Our modeling shows that regular annual mouth closure can promote accretion rates and increase marsh elevations fast enough to match even high rates of sea-level rise, as&nbsp;fluvial sediment&nbsp;pulses can be captured in the estuary. Modeled&nbsp;</span>suspended sediment<span>&nbsp;concentration had the strongest effect on accretion, followed by probability of annual mouth closure. Intermittently closed estuaries are critical environments where marshes may be sustained under high rates of sea-level rise, thus reducing the anticipated global loss of these important ecosystems. Our results begin to fill an important gap in the knowledge about marsh accretion and identify research needs to inform coastal management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107386","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K., Buffington, K., Jones, S., and Largier, J.L., 2021, Wetlands in intermittently closed estuaries can build elevations to keep pace with sea-level rise: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 257, 107386, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107386.","productDescription":"107386, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-129328","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107386","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"257","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Scott 0000-0002-1056-3785","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-3785","contributorId":215602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Largier, John L.","contributorId":175121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Largier","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70222106,"text":"70222106 - 2021 - Differential reliance on aquatic prey subsidies influences mercury exposure in riparian arachnids and songbirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-20T12:21:56.724805","indexId":"70222106","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T07:17:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differential reliance on aquatic prey subsidies influences mercury exposure in riparian arachnids and songbirds","docAbstract":"<p><span>Cross-ecosystem subsidies move substantial amounts of nutrients between ecosystems. Emergent aquatic insects are a particularly important prey source for riparian songbirds but may also move aquatic contaminants, such as mercury (Hg), to riparian food webs. While many studies focus on species that eat primarily emergent aquatic insects, we instead study riparian songbirds with flexible foraging strategies, exploiting both aquatic and terrestrial prey sources. The goal in this study is to trace reliance on aquatic prey sources and correlate it to Hg concentrations in common riparian arachnids (Families Tetragnathidae, Opiliones, and Salticidae) and songbirds (Common Yellowthroat&nbsp;</span><i>Geothlypis trichas</i><span>, Spotted Towhee&nbsp;</span><i>Pipilo maculatus</i><span>, Swainson's Thrush&nbsp;</span><i>Catharus ustulatus</i><span>, Song Sparrow&nbsp;</span><i>Melospiza melodia</i><span>, and Yellow Warbler&nbsp;</span><i>Setophaga petechia</i><span>). We used stable isotopes of δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C and δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N and Bayesian mixing models in MixSIAR to determine the reliance of riparian predators on aquatic prey sources. Using mixed effects models, we found that arachnid families varied in their reliance on aquatic prey sources. While songbird species varied in their reliance on aquatic prey sources, songbirds sampled earlier in the season consistently relied more on aquatic prey sources than those sampled later in the season. For both arachnids and songbirds, we found a positive correlation between the amount of the aquatic prey source in their diet and their Hg concentrations. While the seasonal pulse of aquatic prey to terrestrial ecosystems is an important source of nutrients to riparian species, our results show that aquatic prey sources are linked with higher Hg exposure. For songbirds, reliance on aquatic prey sources early in the breeding season (and subsequent higher Hg exposure) coincides with timing of egg laying and development, both of which may be impacted by Hg exposure.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7549","usgsCitation":"Jackson, A.K., Eagles-Smith, C., and Robinson, W.D., 2021, Differential reliance on aquatic prey subsidies influences mercury exposure in riparian arachnids and songbirds: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 11, p. 7003-7017, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7549.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"7003","endPage":"7017","ipdsId":"IP-115217","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7549","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FD0GOV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury Concentrations and Stable Isotopes in Riparian Songbirds and Invertebrates from the Willamette River, Oregon, 2013"},{"id":387295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Allyson K. 0000-0002-0821-8261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-8261","contributorId":5964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"Allyson","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":221745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, W Douglas 0000-0003-2240-0606","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-0606","contributorId":261239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"W","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70213149,"text":"70213149 - 2021 - Mars science helicopter: Compelling science enabled by an aerial platform","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T21:14:42.799358","indexId":"70213149","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-30T16:12:31","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Mars science helicopter: Compelling science enabled by an aerial platform","docAbstract":"This whitepaper describes two conceptual vehicle designs, including possible tradeoffs within those designs, which would enable a wide array of innovative science investigations. In addition to describing vehicle capabilities, flight characteristics, and the breadth of enabled science for the two helicopter designs, we also introduce three mission concepts that showcase investigations made possible by MSH. We conclude with recommendations concerning the future of rotorcraft exploration at Mars.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.a126aea0","usgsCitation":"Bapst, J., Parker, T.J., Balaram, J., Tzanetos, T., Matthies, L.H., Edwards, C.D., Freeman, A., Withrow-Maser, S., Johnson, W.C., Amador-French, E., Bishop, J.L., Daubar, I.J., Dundas, C.M., Fraeman, A.A., Hamilton, C.W., Hardgrove, C., Horgan, B.H., Leung, C.W., Lin, Y., Mittelholz, A., and Weiss, B.P., 2021, Mars science helicopter: Compelling science enabled by an aerial platform: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #361, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.a126aea0.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #361, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120029","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.a126aea0","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bapst, Jonathan","contributorId":229482,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bapst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parker, Timothy J","contributorId":240106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Balaram, J","contributorId":240107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balaram","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tzanetos, T","contributorId":240108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tzanetos","given":"T","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":798402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matthies, L. 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,{"id":70214541,"text":"70214541 - 2021 - Aeolian processes and landforms across the Solar System: Science and technology requirements for the next decade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T21:06:12.607708","indexId":"70214541","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-30T16:03:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Aeolian processes and landforms across the Solar System: Science and technology requirements for the next decade","docAbstract":"Discussions of planetary atmospheric-surface interactions (including aeolian processes and phenomena and the resulting landforms) are often tied to a specific planetary body. Considering this, a series of workshops were initiated in 2008 to facilitate an interdisciplinary and interplanetary body approach to further our understanding of aeolian processes, phenomena, and landforms (Titus et al., 2008,  2010, 2012, 2015, 2017). The most recent workshop, held 12-13 May 2020, transitioned to a virtual format due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with a specific focus on the planetary aeolian community’s vision for the next decade. Discussions centered around dynamics and resulting landforms, missions and models, and facilities. Participants determined that a planetary aeolian goals-and-objectives document was needed that was inclusive of multiple planetary bodies, processes, and phenomena that all intersect where the surface meets the atmosphere. This white paper is the first iteration of that vision, with definition of Goals/Objectives that organize the broad range of existing and needed planetary aeolian studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Science","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.038c0952","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Diniega, S., Fenton, L., Neakrase, L., Nienhuis, J., Radebaugh, J., Williams, K.E., and Zimbelman, J.R., 2021, Aeolian processes and landforms across the Solar System: Science and technology requirements for the next decade: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #188, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.038c0952.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #188, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120466","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.038c0952","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diniega, S.","contributorId":238737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diniega","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":27365,"text":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fenton, L.K.","contributorId":206378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fenton","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37319,"text":"SETI Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neakrase, Lynn","contributorId":190649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Neakrase","given":"Lynn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nienhuis, J.","contributorId":241663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nienhuis","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36885,"text":"Utrecht University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Radebaugh, J","contributorId":241664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radebaugh","given":"J","affiliations":[{"id":48387,"text":"BYU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Williams, Kaj E. 0000-0003-1755-1872 kewilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-1872","contributorId":196988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Kaj","email":"kewilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zimbelman, James R.","contributorId":196265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimbelman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":799857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70214542,"text":"70214542 - 2021 - Science and technology requirements to explore caves in our Solar System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T21:00:17.868002","indexId":"70214542","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-30T15:54:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Science and technology requirements to explore caves in our Solar System","docAbstract":"We are in the incipient phase of exploring the subterranean realm of our Solar System. Planetary caves research offers interdisciplinary, cross-planetary body investigations spanning geology, climatology, astrobiology, robotics, and human use. Caves are of great importance in advancing our understanding of planetary processes and the search for life beyond Earth. \n\nGiven these advances, a diverse and interdisciplinary community of planetary caves researchers has emerged. Their activities have been partially documented by a series of workshops and conferences over the last thirteen years (Titus & Boston, 2012; Wynne et al, 2016; Titus et al., 2020, submitted). These meetings brought together scientists and engineers from around the world to discuss both science needs (i.e., geology, habitability, and astrobiology), as well as engineering challenges (e.g., mobility, navigation, and communications) for cave research on other planetary bodies. \n\nIt was determined at the last planetary caves conference that a goals and/or roadmap document, like those of the Assessment and Advisory Groups, was needed. This white paper is our initial conception of such an effort.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.a68ba8cb","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Wynne, J., Boston, P.J., de Leon, P., Demirel-Floyd, C., Jones, H., Sauro, F., Uckert, K., Agha-Mohammadi, A., Alexander, E.C., Ashley, J.W., Azua-Bustos, A., Chiao, L., Cushing, G.E., DeDecker, J., Fairen, A.G., Frumkin, A., de Waele, J., Harris, G.L., Kerber, L.A., Leveille, R.J., Malaska, M.J., Manyapu, K., Massironi, M., Miller, A.Z., Mylroie, J.E., Onac, B.P., Parazynski, S., Phillips-Lander, C., Prettyman, T., Sapers, H., Schorghofer, N., Schulze-Makuch, D., Whittaker, R., Williams, K.E., and Wong, U., 2021, Science and technology requirements to explore caves in our Solar System: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #167, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.a68ba8cb.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #167, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120169","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452492,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.a68ba8cb","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wynne, Janna","contributorId":139295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wynne","given":"Janna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12724,"text":"California Science Center, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boston, P. 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Depending on when this occurs, significant damage could occur to croplands, thus reducing or eliminating whole sections of the global food chain. In addition, depending on the amount of ashfall, the deposition of dust and debris could cross watershed boundaries and thus affect water quality for a larger population than just those who live in the initial impacted watershed.\nFor most smaller asteroid impacts, these delayed effects can be neglected. However, there are likely a class of impacts (e.g. impactor size and composition, impact location and time of year) where failure to consider these effects could complicate post-impact relief and recovery efforts. For example, evacuation of the population within the initial damage zone from an impact to a city down-stream could exacerbate water quality issues and water usage months later. An impact in western Nebraska might have minimal civil defense requirements for evacuation (due to the low population density) but the down-wind effects could disrupt both the economic health of the American Midwest while threatening global food security. 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Mars Polar Science is a diverse and integrated system spanning much of the planet, above and below the surface: geographic poles, mid- and high-latitudes, numerous active volatile processes that interact with the near-surface, and the lower and middle atmosphere circulations, even influencing the upper atmosphere and atmospheric escape.\n3. Mars polar processes serves as an analogue and scientific link to numerous solar system bodies. Mars has two volatile cycles that influence surface processes, atmospheric processes, and climate cycles. Mars, with many data sets and observations, serves as a proxy for outer planets and moons that undergo the same physics but with other volatile species. Additionally, technology designed for Mars polar exploration benefits exploration elsewhere.\n4. 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This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2020, focusing on the Yellowstone volcanic system. Highlights of YVO research and related activities during 2020 include an active-source seismic experiment to image the top of Yellowstone’s magma reservoir; semipermanent Global Positioning System array deployment, including a new site near Mary Mountain; studies of hydrothermal activity in the southwest portion of Yellowstone National Park; numerous geological studies, including characterization of hydrothermal explosion craters, updating existing maps, and refining the ages of Yellowstone volcanic units; investigation of a dormant period at Old Faithful Geyser that may be related to regional drought 800–650 years ago, and development of a publicly available online map interface.</p><p>Steamboat Geyser, in Norris Geyser Basin, continued the pattern of frequent eruptions that began in 2018 with 48 water eruptions in 2020, matching the record for a calendar year that was set in 2019. Giantess Geyser, in the Upper Geyser Basin, erupted for the first time in 6 years in August 2020 and experienced a second eruption in September. Patterns of both seismicity and deformation in 2020 were similar to those in 2019. Deformation patterns during 2020 showed trends that were similar to previous years. Overall subsidence of the caldera floor, ongoing since late 2015 or early 2016, continued at rates of a few centimeters (1–2 inches) per year, and minor subsidence of Norris Geyser Basin that began in 2018 slowed during 2020 and stopped by the end of the year. 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