Estuaries are biologically productive and diverse ecosystems that provide ecosystem services including protection of inland areas from flooding, filtering freshwater outflows, and providing habitats for fish and wildlife. Alteration of historic habitats, including diking for agriculture, has decreased the function of many estuarine systems, and recent conservation efforts have been directed at restoring these degraded areas to reestablish their natural resource function. The Nisqually Delta in southern Puget Sound is an estuary that has been highly modified by restricting tidal flow, and recent restoration of the delta contributed to one of the largest tidal salt marsh restorations in the Pacific Northwest. We correlated the response of nine major tidal marsh species to salinities at different elevation zones. Our results indicated that wetland species richness was not related to soil pore-water salinity (R2 = 0.03), but were stratified into different elevation zones (R2 = 0.47). Thus, restoration that fosters a wide range of elevations will provide the most diverse plant habitat, and potentially, the greatest resilience to environmental change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Scientific Association","doi":"10.3955/046.089.0205","usgsCitation":"Belleveau, L.J., Takekawa, J.Y., Woo, I., Turner, K.L., Barham, J.B., Takekawa, J.E., Ellings, C.S., and Chin-Leo, G., 2015, Vegetation community response to tidal marsh restoration of a large river estuary: Northwest Science, v. 89, no. 2, p. 136-147, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.089.0205.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"136","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061861","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310321,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Nisqually Delta, Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 47.082280017014014\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 47.21397145824759\n ],\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 47.21397145824759\n ],\n [\n -122.58407592773438,\n 47.082280017014014\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 47.082280017014014\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562a08fbe4b011227bf1fe0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belleveau, Lisa J.","contributorId":149341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belleveau","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17709,"text":"USGS student, Evergreen State College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woo, Isa 0000-0002-8447-9236 iwoo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-9236","contributorId":2524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"Isa","email":"iwoo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Kelley L.","contributorId":146990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Kelley","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16767,"text":"WERC, USGS former employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barham, Jesse B.","contributorId":149342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barham","given":"Jesse","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17710,"text":"Nisqually NWR, USFWS, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Takekawa, Jean E.","contributorId":146991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Takekawa","given":"Jean","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16768,"text":"USFWS, Nisqually NWR, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ellings, Christopher S.","contributorId":149343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ellings","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17711,"text":"Dep't Natural Resources, Nisqually Indian Tribe, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chin-Leo, Gerardo","contributorId":149344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chin-Leo","given":"Gerardo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17712,"text":"Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70159354,"text":"70159354 - 2015 - Groundwater movement, recharge, and perchlorate occurrence in a faulted alluvial aquifer in California (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-29T15:41:21.049913","indexId":"70159354","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater movement, recharge, and perchlorate occurrence in a faulted alluvial aquifer in California (USA)","docAbstract":"Perchlorate from military, industrial, and legacy agricultural sources is present within an alluvial aquifer in the Rialto-Colton groundwater subbasin, 80 km east of Los Angeles, California (USA). The area is extensively faulted, with water-level differences exceeding 60 m across parts of the Rialto-Colton Fault separating the Rialto-Colton and Chino groundwater subbasins. Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data show decreases in well yield and changes in water chemistry and isotopic composition, reflecting changing aquifer properties and groundwater recharge sources with depth. Perchlorate movement through some wells under unpumped conditions from shallower to deeper layers underlying mapped plumes was as high as 13 kg/year. Water-level maps suggest potential groundwater movement across the Rialto-Colton Fault through an overlying perched aquifer. Upward flow through a well in the Chino subbasin near the Rialto-Colton Fault suggests potential groundwater movement across the fault through permeable layers within partly consolidated deposits at depth. Although potentially important locally, movement of groundwater from the Rialto-Colton subbasin has not resulted in widespread occurrence of perchlorate within the Chino subbasin. Nitrate and perchlorate concentrations at the water table, associated with legacy agricultural fertilizer use, may be underestimated by data from long-screened wells that mix water from different depths within the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-014-1217-y","usgsCitation":"Izbicki, J.A., Teague, N.F., Hatzinger, P.B., Bohlke, J.K., and Sturchio, N.C., 2015, Groundwater movement, recharge, and perchlorate occurrence in a faulted alluvial aquifer in California (USA): Hydrogeology Journal, v. 23, no. 3, p. 467-491, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-014-1217-y.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"491","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043911","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":42,"text":"Open Access USGS Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70159354/Izbicki_May2015_article_HydrogeologyJournal_v23_p467-491.pdf","text":"USGS open-access version of article","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":385547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ja/70159354/ESM_Izbicki_May2015_article_HydrogeologyJournal_v23_p467-491.pdf","text":"USGS open-access version of supplemental material","size":"2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chino subbasin, Rialto-colton subbasin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.50701904296875,\n 34.35477416538757\n ],\n [\n -117.98217773437499,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -118.0975341796875,\n 34.472599425831355\n ],\n [\n -117.9766845703125,\n 34.03900467904445\n ],\n [\n -117.11700439453125,\n 33.715201644740844\n ],\n [\n -117.10052490234375,\n 33.84532650276791\n ],\n [\n -117.50701904296875,\n 34.35477416538757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5633433ce4b048076347eec9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":149374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teague, Nicholas F. 0000-0001-5289-1210 nteague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1210","contributorId":2145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teague","given":"Nicholas","email":"nteague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatzinger, Paul B.","contributorId":149376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatzinger","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17721,"text":"Shaw Environmental, Princeton, NJ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlke, John Karl 0000-0001-5693-6455 jkbohlke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5693-6455","contributorId":127841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlke","given":"John","email":"jkbohlke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":578175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sturchio, Neil C.","contributorId":149375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sturchio","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70182178,"text":"70182178 - 2015 - Source limitation of carbon gas emissions in high-elevation mountain streams and lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:36:23","indexId":"70182178","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2319,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source limitation of carbon gas emissions in high-elevation mountain streams and lakes","docAbstract":"Inland waters are an important component of the global carbon cycle through transport, storage, and direct emissions of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere. Despite predictions of high physical gas exchange rates due to turbulent flows and ubiquitous supersaturation of CO2—and perhaps also CH4—patterns of gas emissions are essentially undocumented for high mountain ecosystems. Much like other headwater networks around the globe, we found that high-elevation streams in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA, were supersaturated with CO2 during the growing season and were net sources to the atmosphere. CO2concentrations in lakes, on the other hand, tended to be less than atmospheric equilibrium during the open water season. CO2 and CH4 emissions from the aquatic conduit were relatively small compared to many parts of the globe. Irrespective of the physical template for high gas exchange (high k), we found evidence of CO2 source limitation to mountain streams during the growing season, which limits overall CO2emissions. Our results suggest a reduced importance of aquatic ecosystems for carbon cycling in high-elevation landscapes having limited soil development and high CO2 consumption via mineral weathering.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002861","usgsCitation":"Crawford, J.T., Dornblaser, M.M., Stanley, E.H., Clow, D.W., and Striegl, R.G., 2015, Source limitation of carbon gas emissions in high-elevation mountain streams and lakes: Journal of Geophysical Research G: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 5, p. 952-964, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002861.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"952","endPage":"964","ipdsId":"IP-064823","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002861","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ac0e30e4b0ce4410e7d5fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, John T. 0000-0003-4440-6945 jtcrawford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-6945","contributorId":4081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"John","email":"jtcrawford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":669899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178933,"text":"70178933 - 2015 - Hydrogeologic framework of the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T11:57:42","indexId":"70178933","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrogeologic framework of the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"The hydrologic framework of the Santa Clara Valley in northern California was redefined on the basis of new data and a new hydrologic model. The regional groundwater flow systems can be subdivided into upper-aquifer and lower-aquifer systems that form a convergent flow system within a basin bounded by mountains and hills on three sides and discharge to pumping wells and the southern San Francisco Bay. Faults also control the flow of groundwater within the Santa Clara Valley and subdivide the aquifer system into three subregions.
After decades of development and groundwater depletion that resulted in substantial land subsidence, Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) and the local water purveyors have refilled the basin through conservation and importation of water for direct use and artificial recharge. The natural flow system has been altered by extensive development with flow paths toward major well fields. Climate has not only affected the cycles of sedimentation during the glacial periods over the past million years, but interannual to interdecadal climate cycles also have affected the supply and demand components of the natural and anthropogenic inflows and outflows of water in the valley. Streamflow has been affected by development of the aquifer system and regulated flow from reservoirs, as well as conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water. Interaquifer flow through water-supply wells screened across multiple aquifers is an important component to the flow of groundwater and recapture of artificial recharge in the Santa Clara Valley. Wellbore flow and depth-dependent chemical and isotopic data indicate that flow into wells from multiple aquifers, as well as capture of artificial recharge by pumping of water-supply wells, predominantly is occurring in the upper 500 ft (152 m) of the aquifer system. Artificial recharge represents about one-half of the inflow of water into the valley for the period 1970–1999. Most subsidence is occurring below 250 ft (76 m), and most pumpage occurs within the upper-aquifer system between 300 and 650 ft (between 91 and 198 m) below land surface.
Overall, the natural quality of most groundwater in the Santa Clara Valley is good. Isotopic data indicate that artificial recharge is occurring throughout the shallower parts of the upper-aquifer system and that recent recharge (less than 50 yr old) occurs throughout most of the basin in the upper-aquifer system, but many of the wells in the center of the basin with deeper well screens do not contain tritium and recent recharge. Age dates indicate that the groundwater in the upper-aquifer system generally is less than 2000 yr old, and groundwater in the lower-aquifer system generally ranges from 16,700 to 39,900 yr old. Depth-dependent sampling indicates that wellbores are the main path for vertical flow between aquifer layers. Isotopic data indicate as much as 60% of water pumped from production wells originated as artificial recharge. Shallow aquifers not only contain more recent recharge but may be more susceptible to anthropogenic and natural contamination, as evidenced by trace occurrences of iron, nitrate, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in selected water-supply wells.
Water-resource management issues are centered on sustaining a reliable and good-quality source of water to the residents and industries of the valley. While the basin has been refilled, increased demand owing to growth and droughts could result in renewed storage depletion and the related potential adverse effects of land subsidence and seawater intrusion. The new hydrologic model demonstrates the importance of the aquifer layering, faults, and stream channels in relation to groundwater flow and infiltration of recharge. This model provides a means to analyze water resource issues because it separates the supply and demand components of the inflows and outflows.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01104.1","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., 2015, Hydrogeologic framework of the Santa Clara Valley, California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 3, p. 606-637, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01104.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"606","endPage":"637","ipdsId":"IP-002253","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01104.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","volume":"11","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bce4b08138bf1abd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195944,"text":"70195944 - 2015 - Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-09T10:12:14","indexId":"70195944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2660,"text":"Marine Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth","docAbstract":"Fish otolith growth increments were used as indices of annual production at nine nearshore sites within the Alaska Coastal Current (downwelling region) and California Current (upwelling region) systems (~36–60°N). Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) and kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) were identified as useful indicators in pelagic and benthic nearshore food webs, respectively. To examine the support for bottom-up limitations, common oceanographic indices of production [sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling, and chlorophyll-a concentration] during summer (April–September) were compared to spatial and temporal differences in fish growth using linear mixed models. The relationship between pelagic black rockfish growth and SST was positive in the cooler Alaska Coastal Current and negative in the warmer California Current. These contrasting growth responses to SST among current systems are consistent with the optimal stability window hypothesis in which pelagic production is maximized at intermediate levels of water column stability. Increased growth rates of black rockfish were associated with higher chlorophyll concentrations in the California Current only, but black rockfish growth was unrelated to the upwelling index in either current system. Benthic kelp greenling growth rates were positively associated with warmer temperatures and relaxation of downwelling (upwelling index near zero) in the Alaska Coastal Current, while none of the oceanographic indices were related to their growth in the California Current. Overall, our results are consistent with bottom-up forcing of nearshore marine ecosystems—light and nutrients constrain primary production in pelagic food webs, and temperature constrains benthic food webs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5","usgsCitation":"von Biela, V.R., Kruse, G.H., Mueter, F.J., Black, B.A., Douglas, D.C., Helser, T.E., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2015, Evidence of bottom-up limitations in nearshore marine systems based on otolith proxies of fish growth: Marine Biology, v. 162, no. 5, p. 1019-1031, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2645-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1031","ipdsId":"IP-057775","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"162","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebbee4b0da30c1bfc67b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"von Biela, Vanessa R. 0000-0002-7139-5981 vvonbiela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-5981","contributorId":3104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"von Biela","given":"Vanessa","email":"vvonbiela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kruse, Gordon H.","contributorId":187450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mueter, Franz J.","contributorId":131144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mueter","given":"Franz","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Helser, Thomas E.","contributorId":203203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helser","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36580,"text":"Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192504,"text":"70192504 - 2015 - A comparison of high-resolution specific conductance-based end-member mixing analysis and a graphical method for baseflow separation of four streams in hydrologically challenging agricultural watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T10:42:26","indexId":"70192504","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of high-resolution specific conductance-based end-member mixing analysis and a graphical method for baseflow separation of four streams in hydrologically challenging agricultural watersheds","docAbstract":"Quantifying the relative contributions of different sources of water to a stream hydrograph is important for understanding the hydrology and water quality dynamics of a given watershed. To compare the performance of two methods of hydrograph separation, a graphical program [baseflow index (BFI)] and an end-member mixing analysis that used high-resolution specific conductance measurements (SC-EMMA) were used to estimate daily and average long-term slowflow additions of water to four small, primarily agricultural streams with different dominant sources of water (natural groundwater, overland flow, subsurface drain outflow, and groundwater from irrigation). Because the result of hydrograph separation by SC-EMMA is strongly related to the choice of slowflow and fastflow end-member values, a sensitivity analysis was conducted based on the various approaches reported in the literature to inform the selection of end-members. There were substantial discrepancies among the BFI and SC-EMMA, and neither method produced reasonable results for all four streams. Streams that had a small difference in the SC of slowflow compared with fastflow or did not have a monotonic relationship between streamflow and stream SC posed a challenge to the SC-EMMA method. The utility of the graphical BFI program was limited in the stream that had only gradual changes in streamflow. The results of this comparison suggest that the two methods may be quantifying different sources of water. Even though both methods are easy to apply, they should be applied with consideration of the streamflow and/or SC characteristics of a stream, especially where anthropogenic water sources (irrigation and subsurface drainage) are present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10378","usgsCitation":"Kronholm, S.C., and Capel, P.D., 2015, A comparison of high-resolution specific conductance-based end-member mixing analysis and a graphical method for baseflow separation of four streams in hydrologically challenging agricultural watersheds: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 11, p. 2521-2533, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10378.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2521","endPage":"2533","ipdsId":"IP-052308","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb5de4b09af898c8ccdd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kronholm, Scott C.","contributorId":184190,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kronholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192076,"text":"70192076 - 2015 - Optimizing water depth for wetland-dependent wildlife could increase wetland restoration success, water efficiency, and water security","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T15:43:27","indexId":"70192076","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3271,"text":"Restoration Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Optimizing water depth for wetland-dependent wildlife could increase wetland restoration success, water efficiency, and water security","docAbstract":"Securing water for wetland restoration efforts will be increasingly difficult as human populations demand more water and climate change alters the hydrologic cycle. Minimizing water use at a restoration site could help justify water use to competing users, thereby increasing future water security. Moreover, optimizing water depth for focal species will increase habitat quality and the probability that the restoration is successful. We developed and validated spatial habitat models to optimize water depth within wetland restoration projects along the lower Colorado River intended to benefit California black rails (Laterallus jamaicensis coturniculus). We observed a 358% increase in the number of black rails detected in the year after manipulating water depth to maximize the amount of predicted black rail habitat in two wetlands. The number of black rail detections in our restoration sites was similar to those at our reference site. Implementing the optimal water depth in each wetland decreased water use while simultaneously increasing habitat suitability for the focal species. Our results also provide experimental confirmation of past descriptive accounts of black rail habitat preferences and provide explicit water depth recommendations for future wetland restoration efforts for this species of conservation concern; maintain surface water depths between saturated soil and 100 mm. Efforts to optimize water depth in restored wetlands around the world would likely increase the success of wetland restorations for the focal species while simultaneously minimizing and justifying water use.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/rec.12180","usgsCitation":"Nadeau, C.P., and Conway, C.J., 2015, Optimizing water depth for wetland-dependent wildlife could increase wetland restoration success, water efficiency, and water security: Restoration Ecology, v. 23, no. 3, p. 292-300, https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12180.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"292","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-059792","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.12180","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Imperial National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.50122833251952,\n 32.980948149798444\n ],\n [\n -114.47994232177734,\n 32.980948149798444\n ],\n [\n -114.47994232177734,\n 33.00995906391421\n ],\n [\n -114.50122833251952,\n 33.00995906391421\n ],\n [\n -114.50122833251952,\n 32.980948149798444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e9b997e4b05fe04cd65cd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nadeau, Christopher P.","contributorId":105956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nadeau","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70195882,"text":"70195882 - 2015 - Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-07T15:07:24","indexId":"70195882","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana","docAbstract":"Fluoride is considered beneficial to teeth and bones when consumed in low concentrations, but at elevated concentrations it can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis. Most fluoride-related health problems occur in poor, rural communities of the developing world where groundwater fluoride concentrations are high and the primary sources of drinking water are from community hand-pump borehole drilled wells. One solution to drinking high fluoride water is to attach a simple de-fluoridation filter to the hand-pump; and indigenous materials have been recommended as low-cost sorbents for use in these filters. In an effort to develop an effective, inexpensive, and low-maintenance de-fluoridation filter for a high fluoride region in rural northern Ghana, this study conducted batch fluoride adsorption experiments and potentiometric titrations to investigate the effectiveness of indigenous laterite and bauxite as sorbents for fluoride removal. It also determined the physical and chemical properties of each sorbent. Their properties and the experimental results, including fluoride adsorption capacity, were then compared to those of activated alumina, which has been identified as a good sorbent for removing fluoride from drinking water. The results indicate that, of the three sorbents, bauxite has the highest fluoride adsorption capacity per unit area, but is limited by a low specific surface area. When considering fluoride adsorption per unit weight, activated alumina has the highest fluoride adsorption capacity because of its high specific surface area. Activated alumina also adsorbs fluoride well in a wider pH range than bauxite, and particularly laterite. The differences in adsorption capacity are largely due to surface area, pore size, and mineralogy of the sorbent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.004","usgsCitation":"Craig, L., Stillings, L.L., Decker, D.L., and Thomas, J.M., 2015, Comparing activated alumina with indigenous laterite and bauxite as potential sorbents for removing fluoride from drinking water in Ghana: Applied Geochemistry, v. 56, p. 50-66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.02.004.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"66","ipdsId":"IP-081848","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ghana","volume":"56","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebbee4b0da30c1bfc67d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Craig, Laura","contributorId":173675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":27270,"text":"American Rivers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":730388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillings, Lisa L. 0000-0002-9011-8891 stilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-8891","contributorId":193548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillings","given":"Lisa","email":"stilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":730387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decker, David L.","contributorId":193549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thomas, James M.","contributorId":195094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70140267,"text":"sim3320 - 2015 - Geologic map of the Montauk quadrangle, Dent, Texas, and Shannon Counties, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-24T14:11:13","indexId":"sim3320","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-30T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3320","title":"Geologic map of the Montauk quadrangle, Dent, Texas, and Shannon Counties, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Montauk 7.5-minute quadrangle is located in south-central Missouri within the Salem Plateau region of the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province. About 2,000 feet (ft) of flat-lying to gently dipping lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, mostly dolomite, chert, sandstone, and orthoquartzite, overlie Mesoproterozoic igneous basement rocks. Unconsolidated residuum, colluvium, terrace deposits, and alluvium overlie the sedimentary rocks. Numerous karst features, such as caves, springs, and sinkholes, have formed in the carbonate rocks. Many streams are spring fed. The topography is a dissected karst plain with elevations ranging from approximately 830 ft where the Current River exits the middle-eastern edge of the quadrangle to about 1,320 ft in sec. 16, T. 31 N., R. 7 W., in the southwestern part of the quadrangle. The most prominent physiographic features within the quadrangle are the deeply incised valleys of the Current River and its major tributaries located in the center of the map area. The Montauk quadrangle is named for Montauk Springs, a cluster of several springs that resurge in sec. 22, T. 32 N., R. 7 W. These springs supply clean, cold water for the Montauk Fish Hatchery, and the addition of their flow to that of Pigeon Creek produces the headwaters of the Current River, the centerpiece of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways park. Most of the land in the quadrangle is privately owned and used primarily for grazing cattle and horses and growing timber. A smaller portion of the land within the quadrangle is publicly owned by either Montauk State Park or the Ozark National Scenic Riverways (National Park Service). Geologic mapping for this investigation was conducted in 2007 and 2009.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3320","productDescription":"1 Sheet: 52.43 x 30.16 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050817","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300000,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3320.jpg"},{"id":299998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3320/downloads","text":"Downloads Directory","description":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Metadata.zip (55 KB), MontaukGeodatabase.zip (10.3 MB), and Shapefiles.zip (1.06 MB) files for more information."},{"id":299996,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3320/"},{"id":299997,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3320/pdf/sim3320.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Dent County, Shannon County, Texas County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 37.68382032669382\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -92.10937499999999,\n 37.00255267215955\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
http://geology.er.usgs.gov/egpsc/
Rates of glacier mass loss in the northern Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (PCTR) are among the highest on Earth, and changes in glacier volume and extent will affect the flow regime and chemistry of coastal rivers, as well as the nearshore marine ecosystem of the Gulf of Alaska. Here we synthesize physical, chemical and biological linkages that characterize the northern PCTR ecosystem, with particular emphasis on the potential impacts of glacier change in the coastal mountain ranges on the surface–water hydrology, biogeochemistry, coastal oceanography and aquatic ecology. We also evaluate the relative importance and interplay between interannual variability and long-term trends in key physical drivers and ecological responses. To advance our knowledge of the northern PCTR, we advocate for cross-disciplinary research bridging the icefield-to-ocean ecosystem that can be paired with long-term scientific records and designed to inform decisionmakers.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Institute of Biological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biv027","usgsCitation":"O’Neel, S., Hood, E., Bidlack, A.L., Fleming, S.W., Arimitsu, M.L., Arendt, A., Burgess, E.W., Sergeant, C.J., Beaudreau, A., Timm, K., Hayward, G., Reynolds, J.H., and Pyare, S., 2015, Icefield-to-ocean linkages across the northern Pacific coastal temperate rainforest ecosystem: BioScience, v. 65, no. 5, p. 499-512, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv027.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"499","endPage":"512","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056781","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv027","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299994,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Pacific coastal temperate rainforest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 54.29088164657006\n ],\n [\n -126.43066406249999,\n 54.826007999094955\n ],\n [\n -133.1982421875,\n 59.80063426102869\n ],\n [\n -134.6044921875,\n 59.60109549032134\n ],\n [\n -136.142578125,\n 59.977005492196\n ],\n [\n -137.373046875,\n 59.57885104663186\n ],\n [\n -141.064453125,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -146.337890625,\n 62.22699603631975\n ],\n [\n -150.205078125,\n 62.471723714758724\n ],\n [\n -153.45703125,\n 62.103882522897855\n ],\n [\n -154.072265625,\n 60.88770004207789\n ],\n [\n -154.3359375,\n 59.355596110016315\n ],\n [\n -156.533203125,\n 57.75107598132101\n ],\n [\n -157.412109375,\n 56.897003921272606\n ],\n [\n -154.248046875,\n 56.26776108757582\n ],\n [\n -151.435546875,\n 57.75107598132101\n ],\n [\n -150.732421875,\n 59.265880628258095\n ],\n [\n -147.216796875,\n 60.19615576604439\n ],\n [\n -144.931640625,\n 59.84481485969105\n ],\n [\n -141.6796875,\n 59.5343180010956\n ],\n [\n -138.25195312499997,\n 58.49369382056807\n ],\n [\n -136.58203125,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -133.681640625,\n 54.57206165565852\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 54.29088164657006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55434422e4b0a658d794146c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bidlack, Allison L.","contributorId":140494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bidlack","given":"Allison","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleming, Sean W.","contributorId":140495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arimitsu, Mayumi L. 0000-0001-6982-2238 marimitsu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6982-2238","contributorId":140501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arimitsu","given":"Mayumi","email":"marimitsu@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arendt, Anthony","contributorId":74661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arendt","given":"Anthony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burgess, Evan W. eburgess@usgs.gov","contributorId":5401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Evan","email":"eburgess@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sergeant, Christopher J.","contributorId":140496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sergeant","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Beaudreau, Anne E.","contributorId":140497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beaudreau","given":"Anne E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Timm, Kristin","contributorId":139461,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Timm","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hayward, Gregory D.","contributorId":112302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayward","given":"Gregory D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Reynolds, Joel H.","contributorId":140498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Pyare, Sanjay","contributorId":47135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyare","given":"Sanjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70159464,"text":"70159464 - 2015 - Geospatial association between adverse birth outcomes and arsenic in groundwater in New Hampshire, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T16:05:08","indexId":"70159464","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-30T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geospatial association between adverse birth outcomes and arsenic in groundwater in New Hampshire, USA","docAbstract":"There is increasing evidence of the role of arsenic in the etiology of adverse human reproductive outcomes. Because drinking water can be a major source of arsenic to pregnant women, the effect of arsenic exposure through drinking water on human birth may be revealed by a geospatial association between arsenic concentration in groundwater and birth problems, particularly in a region where private wells substantially account for water supply, like New Hampshire, USA. We calculated town-level rates of preterm birth and term low birth weight (term LBW) for New Hampshire, by using data for 1997–2009 stratified by maternal age. We smoothed the rates by using a locally weighted averaging method to increase the statistical stability. The town-level groundwater arsenic probability values are from three GIS data layers generated by the US Geological Survey: probability of local groundwater arsenic concentration >1 µg/L, probability >5 µg/L, and probability >10 µg/L. We calculated Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) between the reproductive outcomes (preterm birth and term LBW) and the arsenic probability values, at both state and county levels. For preterm birth, younger mothers (maternal age <20) have a statewider = 0.70 between the rates smoothed with a threshold = 2,000 births and the town mean arsenic level based on the data of probability >10 µg/L; for older mothers, r = 0.19 when the smoothing threshold = 3,500; a majority of county level r values are positive based on the arsenic data of probability >10 µg/L. For term LBW, younger mothers (maternal age <25) have a statewide r = 0.44 between the rates smoothed with a threshold = 3,500 and town minimum arsenic concentration based on the data of probability >1 µg/L; for older mothers, r = 0.14 when the rates are smoothed with a threshold = 1,000 births and also adjusted by town median household income in 1999, and the arsenic values are the town minimum based on probability >10 µg/L. At the county level for younger mothers, positive r values prevail, but for older mothers, it is a mix. For both birth problems, the several most populous counties—with 60–80% of the state’s population and clustering at the southwest corner of the state—are largely consistent in having a positive r across different smoothing thresholds. We found evident spatial associations between the two adverse human reproductive outcomes and groundwater arsenic in New Hampshire, USA. However, the degree of associations and their sensitivity to different representations of arsenic level are variable. Generally, preterm birth has a stronger spatial association with groundwater arsenic than term LBW, suggesting an inconsistency in the impact of arsenic on the two reproductive outcomes. For both outcomes, younger maternal age has stronger spatial associations with groundwater arsenic.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2","usgsCitation":"Shi, X., Ayotte, J.D., Onda, A., Miller, S., Rees, J., Gilbert-Diamond, D., Onega, T.L., Gui, J., Karagas, M.R., and Moeschler, J.B., 2015, Geospatial association between adverse birth outcomes and arsenic in groundwater in New Hampshire, USA: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 37, no. 2, p. 333-351, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9651-2.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"333","endPage":"351","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045872","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4425200","text":"External Repository"},{"id":310915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-72.4521,43.161414],[-72.452556,43.172117],[-72.443405,43.179729],[-72.45028,43.192485],[-72.437719,43.20275],[-72.4405,43.219049],[-72.433796,43.232999],[-72.438937,43.24424],[-72.438693,43.252905],[-72.435221,43.258483],[-72.421583,43.263442],[-72.41545,43.271374],[-72.407842,43.282892],[-72.401666,43.303395],[-72.395462,43.312994],[-72.410353,43.331675],[-72.400981,43.345775],[-72.390103,43.356926],[-72.403949,43.358098],[-72.413377,43.362741],[-72.415978,43.376531],[-72.413154,43.384302],[-72.403811,43.391935],[-72.395659,43.438541],[-72.390567,43.451225],[-72.3925,43.467364],[-72.382951,43.476],[-72.381723,43.480091],[-72.380894,43.493394],[-72.384773,43.500259],[-72.396305,43.508062],[-72.398563,43.513435],[-72.394218,43.5274],[-72.389097,43.528266],[-72.380383,43.54088],[-72.382783,43.562459],[-72.37944,43.574069],[-72.373126,43.579419],[-72.349926,43.587726],[-72.328514,43.600805],[-72.328232,43.606839],[-72.3327,43.610313],[-72.334401,43.61925],[-72.33236,43.62507],[-72.327236,43.630534],[-72.32966,43.634648],[-72.314083,43.64281],[-72.31402,43.656158],[-72.304322,43.669507],[-72.303092,43.678078],[-72.30602,43.683061],[-72.305326,43.69577],[-72.299715,43.706558],[-72.292215,43.711333],[-72.27118,43.734138],[-72.264245,43.734158],[-72.232713,43.748286],[-72.218099,43.765729],[-72.205193,43.770952],[-72.2053,43.784474],[-72.195552,43.791492],[-72.190754,43.800807],[-72.184847,43.804698],[-72.183333,43.808177],[-72.18857,43.821153],[-72.182203,43.834032],[-72.182864,43.845109],[-72.187916,43.856126],[-72.184788,43.863393],[-72.182956,43.865335],[-72.167476,43.86915],[-72.173576,43.87967],[-72.170604,43.886388],[-72.160819,43.887223],[-72.151324,43.901704],[-72.121002,43.918956],[-72.118013,43.923292],[-72.116767,43.933923],[-72.118985,43.943225],[-72.117839,43.946828],[-72.105875,43.94937],[-72.098689,43.95766],[-72.100543,43.962478],[-72.090357,43.965409],[-72.104972,43.96995],[-72.110945,43.966959],[-72.114273,43.967513],[-72.111756,43.984943],[-72.116985,43.99448],[-72.103765,44.002837],[-72.105292,44.012663],[-72.102475,44.014882],[-72.098897,44.015477],[-72.093384,44.01045],[-72.090059,44.009903],[-72.090504,44.012736],[-72.095193,44.016666],[-72.0951,44.021831],[-72.09203,44.024459],[-72.084871,44.021308],[-72.082432,44.022154],[-72.081357,44.028529],[-72.075004,44.032789],[-72.079397,44.039531],[-72.078989,44.042886],[-72.06215,44.049931],[-72.068405,44.054021],[-72.067612,44.058034],[-72.057173,44.058646],[-72.048289,44.069136],[-72.051602,44.075193],[-72.042088,44.077008],[-72.036641,44.073999],[-72.031898,44.076241],[-72.048781,44.087141],[-72.046235,44.089538],[-72.03429,44.090138],[-72.031878,44.093359],[-72.03124,44.100101],[-72.039674,44.103371],[-72.042943,44.097636],[-72.048334,44.096905],[-72.052391,44.101088],[-72.054831,44.110137],[-72.052342,44.119891],[-72.041948,44.125653],[-72.037506,44.124708],[-72.033703,44.131541],[-72.041983,44.137165],[-72.042867,44.151288],[-72.040167,44.157023],[-72.042387,44.160817],[-72.047593,44.161801],[-72.053021,44.167903],[-72.057496,44.179444],[-72.066166,44.189773],[-72.064577,44.196949],[-72.058987,44.202114],[-72.058605,44.208215],[-72.053233,44.216876],[-72.053582,44.22604],[-72.047889,44.238493],[-72.050112,44.244046],[-72.059782,44.256018],[-72.061174,44.263377],[-72.05874,44.270005],[-72.064544,44.267997],[-72.067774,44.270976],[-72.065434,44.277235],[-72.053355,44.290501],[-72.046302,44.291983],[-72.033465,44.301878],[-72.033136,44.320365],[-72.029061,44.322398],[-72.01913,44.320383],[-72.009977,44.321951],[-71.988306,44.329768],[-71.984617,44.336243],[-71.98112,44.3375],[-71.945163,44.337744],[-71.935395,44.33577],[-71.92911,44.337577],[-71.917434,44.346535],[-71.906909,44.348284],[-71.872472,44.336628],[-71.852628,44.340873],[-71.833261,44.350136],[-71.814351,44.354541],[-71.812206,44.357356],[-71.816157,44.367559],[-71.812424,44.372532],[-71.815251,44.374594],[-71.814388,44.381932],[-71.800316,44.384276],[-71.803488,44.39189],[-71.793924,44.399271],[-71.778613,44.399799],[-71.761966,44.407027],[-71.756091,44.406401],[-71.749533,44.401955],[-71.743104,44.401657],[-71.735923,44.410062],[-71.715087,44.41049],[-71.699434,44.416069],[-71.67995,44.427908],[-71.679933,44.434062],[-71.66183,44.440293],[-71.653348,44.460499],[-71.645068,44.460545],[-71.640404,44.464186],[-71.647864,44.469976],[-71.64589,44.475141],[-71.639312,44.477836],[-71.632795,44.48389],[-71.627655,44.484207],[-71.622089,44.481387],[-71.617614,44.485715],[-71.609568,44.484348],[-71.59948,44.486455],[-71.594303,44.500749],[-71.586972,44.498526],[-71.586648,44.502873],[-71.577643,44.502692],[-71.577068,44.504041],[-71.583233,44.508268],[-71.594259,44.52168],[-71.582505,44.524403],[-71.574456,44.53366],[-71.573083,44.53798],[-71.575193,44.540859],[-71.596804,44.553424],[-71.598116,44.555412],[-71.596137,44.560898],[-71.59017,44.565694],[-71.569599,44.562777],[-71.559846,44.564119],[-71.557972,44.570451],[-71.552629,44.569543],[-71.548728,44.571873],[-71.5533,44.576924],[-71.5532,44.580683],[-71.544922,44.579278],[-71.537724,44.584785],[-71.536251,44.588441],[-71.553447,44.593451],[-71.556014,44.601383],[-71.553873,44.607069],[-71.55656,44.616988],[-71.55576,44.624119],[-71.551722,44.627598],[-71.554634,44.632197],[-71.562124,44.63658],[-71.562636,44.639505],[-71.558859,44.640122],[-71.558571,44.644373],[-71.566144,44.653863],[-71.570235,44.650483],[-71.575145,44.650612],[-71.57571,44.654574],[-71.586578,44.659478],[-71.584574,44.665351],[-71.585645,44.669277],[-71.581983,44.673533],[-71.596304,44.679083],[-71.594224,44.683815],[-71.598042,44.692818],[-71.59436,44.695996],[-71.600162,44.698919],[-71.59975,44.705318],[-71.604912,44.70815],[-71.613094,44.718933],[-71.618355,44.72261],[-71.617431,44.72805],[-71.624922,44.729032],[-71.62518,44.743978],[-71.626909,44.747224],[-71.631109,44.748689],[-71.631883,44.752463],[-71.617941,44.755883],[-71.614238,44.758664],[-71.611767,44.764345],[-71.604615,44.767738],[-71.596035,44.775422],[-71.596949,44.778987],[-71.592966,44.782776],[-71.580005,44.78548],[-71.573247,44.791882],[-71.571706,44.79483],[-71.573129,44.797947],[-71.569216,44.808813],[-71.572864,44.810383],[-71.5755,44.816058],[-71.567907,44.823832],[-71.562256,44.824632],[-71.557672,44.834421],[-71.552218,44.837775],[-71.556805,44.848808],[-71.548345,44.85553],[-71.550176,44.861609],[-71.545901,44.866134],[-71.534588,44.869698],[-71.529154,44.873559],[-71.528889,44.876928],[-71.512292,44.890246],[-71.51387,44.894648],[-71.501088,44.904433],[-71.495844,44.90498],[-71.49392,44.910923],[-71.500788,44.914535],[-71.515189,44.927317],[-71.516949,44.939704],[-71.514843,44.958741],[-71.516223,44.964569],[-71.52237,44.966308],[-71.527163,44.973668],[-71.531605,44.976023],[-71.538592,44.988182],[-71.53698,44.994177],[-71.530091,44.999656],[-71.514609,45.003957],[-71.507767,45.00817],[-71.487565,45.000936],[-71.479611,45.002905],[-71.476168,45.009054],[-71.464555,45.013637],[-71.502487,45.013367],[-71.500069,45.014212],[-71.499945,45.026323],[-71.494009,45.034345],[-71.491085,45.043671],[-71.49315,45.045772],[-71.500874,45.04511],[-71.505222,45.048791],[-71.505091,45.051465],[-71.500545,45.051943],[-71.497738,45.054751],[-71.496105,45.065082],[-71.498399,45.069629],[-71.489145,45.072308],[-71.486345,45.078503],[-71.480219,45.081316],[-71.480897,45.08303],[-71.471382,45.084199],[-71.467447,45.086851],[-71.464837,45.093023],[-71.449257,45.104522],[-71.445613,45.113367],[-71.440577,45.114464],[-71.428828,45.123881],[-71.426755,45.129672],[-71.437216,45.142333],[-71.433179,45.149166],[-71.42675,45.153257],[-71.423616,45.161096],[-71.424616,45.165872],[-71.419058,45.170488],[-71.414853,45.184908],[-71.408777,45.18797],[-71.405636,45.198139],[-71.39781,45.203553],[-71.403267,45.215348],[-71.415553,45.218001],[-71.417233,45.221293],[-71.44288,45.234799],[-71.443883,45.237061],[-71.438546,45.239004],[-71.433014,45.237656],[-71.429326,45.234228],[-71.420335,45.232719],[-71.402638,45.242589],[-71.394422,45.241216],[-71.391901,45.237216],[-71.385629,45.233214],[-71.37763,45.244203],[-71.363013,45.248205],[-71.357253,45.253336],[-71.356835,45.257175],[-71.363218,45.266429],[-71.360664,45.269835],[-71.353446,45.268695],[-71.347622,45.272125],[-71.344029,45.271167],[-71.336392,45.273066],[-71.331733,45.279969],[-71.320922,45.282324],[-71.314318,45.287033],[-71.309008,45.287238],[-71.301107,45.296563],[-71.284396,45.302434],[-71.28074,45.295188],[-71.27232,45.296694],[-71.264939,45.293446],[-71.266754,45.29123],[-71.262136,45.276098],[-71.250393,45.269191],[-71.245503,45.26887],[-71.239346,45.261925],[-71.236271,45.261126],[-71.231122,45.249712],[-71.221994,45.253543],[-71.220634,45.251121],[-71.2118,45.250457],[-71.203033,45.254302],[-71.198276,45.254257],[-71.194878,45.250515],[-71.183785,45.244932],[-71.180905,45.239858],[-71.173367,45.246348],[-71.162845,45.250332],[-71.148165,45.242412],[-71.13943,45.242958],[-71.131953,45.245423],[-71.127962,45.253672],[-71.124517,45.25527],[-71.119914,45.262287],[-71.120112,45.265738],[-71.116332,45.272322],[-71.107339,45.278612],[-71.105691,45.282498],[-71.109349,45.282222],[-71.110743,45.284576],[-71.105151,45.294635],[-71.097772,45.301906],[-71.085564,45.305476],[-71.076914,45.246912],[-71.059004,45.004918],[-71.037518,44.755607],[-71.012749,44.340784],[-70.992842,43.916269],[-70.989067,43.79244],[-70.982083,43.715043],[-70.972716,43.570255],[-70.957234,43.561358],[-70.955017,43.554239],[-70.950838,43.551026],[-70.955252,43.540887],[-70.962153,43.541036],[-70.963531,43.536756],[-70.95822,43.531586],[-70.957214,43.524994],[-70.954066,43.52261],[-70.956856,43.512719],[-70.954755,43.509802],[-70.957958,43.508041],[-70.959185,43.499351],[-70.969572,43.486201],[-70.967968,43.480783],[-70.974245,43.47742],[-70.970946,43.4739],[-70.964542,43.473262],[-70.961428,43.469696],[-70.96045,43.466592],[-70.9669,43.450458],[-70.96164,43.443039],[-70.96115,43.438321],[-70.968782,43.434891],[-70.968359,43.429283],[-70.971039,43.425606],[-70.982898,43.419332],[-70.986812,43.414264],[-70.986677,43.403541],[-70.982565,43.39778],[-70.982876,43.394808],[-70.98739,43.393457],[-70.987649,43.389521],[-70.985205,43.386745],[-70.985965,43.380023],[-70.974156,43.362925],[-70.974863,43.357969],[-70.967229,43.343777],[-70.960439,43.341048],[-70.956528,43.334691],[-70.953034,43.333257],[-70.93711,43.337367],[-70.932735,43.33676],[-70.930783,43.329569],[-70.916421,43.320279],[-70.912004,43.319821],[-70.91246,43.308289],[-70.907405,43.304782],[-70.90231,43.304872],[-70.900386,43.301358],[-70.907405,43.293582],[-70.906005,43.291682],[-70.896304,43.285282],[-70.886504,43.282783],[-70.882804,43.273183],[-70.86323,43.265109],[-70.858207,43.256286],[-70.855082,43.255191],[-70.852015,43.256808],[-70.843302,43.254321],[-70.839213,43.251224],[-70.841059,43.249699],[-70.838678,43.242931],[-70.817865,43.237911],[-70.815453,43.229023],[-70.811852,43.228306],[-70.80964,43.225407],[-70.813119,43.217252],[-70.816903,43.214604],[-70.820763,43.19978],[-70.819344,43.193036],[-70.827201,43.189485],[-70.828301,43.186685],[-70.823501,43.174585],[-70.828301,43.168985],[-70.829101,43.157886],[-70.8338,43.146886],[-70.8268,43.127086],[-70.78388,43.100867],[-70.779098,43.095887],[-70.766398,43.092688],[-70.756397,43.079988],[-70.741897,43.077388],[-70.737897,43.073488],[-70.708896,43.074989],[-70.704696,43.070989],[-70.703799,43.059574],[-70.71363,43.056006],[-70.71355,43.042077],[-70.718936,43.03235],[-70.730426,43.025392],[-70.734363,43.013307],[-70.743793,43.008027],[-70.749969,42.991689],[-70.756701,42.991337],[-70.761474,42.986681],[-70.765222,42.975349],[-70.7718,42.968064],[-70.769673,42.964419],[-70.771729,42.961321],[-70.775597,42.957213],[-70.780383,42.955798],[-70.793996,42.93989],[-70.797806,42.930037],[-70.798153,42.920926],[-70.805971,42.916549],[-70.810069,42.909549],[-70.810999,42.892375],[-70.81586,42.88625],[-70.817296,42.87229],[-70.830795,42.868918],[-70.848625,42.860939],[-70.886136,42.88261],[-70.902768,42.88653],[-70.914886,42.886564],[-70.930799,42.884589],[-70.9665,42.868989],[-71.031201,42.859089],[-71.044401,42.848789],[-71.047501,42.844089],[-71.064201,42.806289],[-71.132503,42.821389],[-71.165603,42.808689],[-71.186104,42.790689],[-71.181803,42.73759],[-71.223904,42.746689],[-71.245504,42.742589],[-71.267905,42.72589],[-71.278929,42.711258],[-71.294205,42.69699],[-71.981402,42.713294],[-72.458519,42.726853],[-72.461001,42.733209],[-72.473071,42.745916],[-72.477615,42.761245],[-72.484878,42.76554],[-72.491122,42.772465],[-72.497949,42.772918],[-72.50069,42.767657],[-72.507985,42.764414],[-72.513105,42.763822],[-72.516082,42.765949],[-72.514836,42.771436],[-72.508372,42.77461],[-72.508858,42.779919],[-72.515838,42.78856],[-72.542784,42.808482],[-72.54855,42.842021],[-72.557247,42.853019],[-72.554232,42.860038],[-72.556214,42.86695],[-72.552834,42.884968],[-72.540708,42.889379],[-72.532777,42.896076],[-72.530218,42.911576],[-72.52443,42.915575],[-72.527431,42.943148],[-72.534554,42.949894],[-72.532186,42.954945],[-72.518422,42.96317],[-72.492597,42.967648],[-72.481706,42.973985],[-72.473827,42.972045],[-72.461627,42.982906],[-72.465335,42.989558],[-72.46294,42.996943],[-72.456936,43.001306],[-72.448714,43.001169],[-72.443762,43.006245],[-72.444635,43.010566],[-72.457035,43.017285],[-72.462397,43.02556],[-72.460252,43.040671],[-72.465896,43.047505],[-72.467363,43.052648],[-72.463812,43.057404],[-72.445202,43.071352],[-72.435316,43.083536],[-72.435191,43.086622],[-72.443051,43.100841],[-72.440587,43.106145],[-72.433129,43.112637],[-72.432972,43.119655],[-72.442933,43.130192],[-72.44078,43.131472],[-72.440905,43.135793],[-72.451986,43.138924],[-72.45689,43.146558],[-72.45714,43.148493],[-72.451802,43.153486],[-72.4521,43.161414]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Hampshire\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","volume":"37","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56389755e4b0d6133fe72fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shi, Xun","contributorId":149624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Xun","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. 0000-0002-1892-2738 jayotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1892-2738","contributorId":149619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Onda, Akikazu","contributorId":149620,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onda","given":"Akikazu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Stephanie","contributorId":149623,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Stephanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17771,"text":"The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rees, Judy","contributorId":149622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rees","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17771,"text":"The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gilbert-Diamond, Diane","contributorId":149621,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert-Diamond","given":"Diane","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17771,"text":"The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Onega, Tracy L","contributorId":149625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onega","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"L","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gui, Jiang","contributorId":149637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gui","given":"Jiang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karagas, Margaret R.","contributorId":53247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karagas","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":578987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moeschler, John B","contributorId":149626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moeschler","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B","affiliations":[{"id":16179,"text":"Dartmouth College, Hanover NH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70147328,"text":"70147328 - 2015 - Genes indicative of zoonotic and swine pathogens are persistent in stream water and sediment following a swine manure spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:11:13","indexId":"70147328","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-30T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genes indicative of zoonotic and swine pathogens are persistent in stream water and sediment following a swine manure spill","docAbstract":"Manure spills to streams are relatively frequent, but no studies have characterized stream contamination with zoonotic and veterinary pathogens, or fecal chemicals, following a spill. We tested stream water and sediment over 25 days and downstream for 7.6 km for: fecal indicator bacteria (FIB); the fecal indicator chemicals cholesterol and coprostanol; 20 genes for zoonotic and swine-specific bacterial pathogens by presence/absence polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viable cells; one swine-specific Escherichia coli toxin gene (STII) by quantitative PCR (qPCR); and nine human and animal viruses by qPCR, or reverse-transcriptase qPCR. Twelve days post-spill, and 4.2 km downstream, water concentrations of FIB, cholesterol, and coprostanol were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than those detected before, or above, the spill, and genes indicating viable zoonotic or swine-infectious Escherichia coli, were detected in water or sediment. STII increased from undetectable before, or above the spill, to 105 copies/100 mL water 12 days post-spill. Thirteen of 14 water (8/9 sediment) samples had viable STII-carrying cells post-spill. Eighteen days post-spill porcine adenovirus and teschovirus were detected 5.6 km downstream. Sediment FIB concentrations (per gram wet weight) were greater than in water, and sediment was a continuous reservoir of genes and chemicals post-spill. Constituent concentrations were much lower, and detections less frequent, in a runoff event (200 days post-spill) following manure application, although the swine-associated STII and stx2e genes were detected. Manure spills are an underappreciated pathway for livestock-derived contaminants to enter streams, with persistent environmental outcomes, and the potential for human and veterinary health consequences.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/AEM.04195-14","usgsCitation":"Haack, S.K., Duris, J.W., Kolpin, D.W., Fogarty, L.R., Johnson, H., Gibson, K.E., Focazio, M.J., Schwab, K.J., Hubbard, L.E., and Foreman, W., 2015, Genes indicative of zoonotic and swine pathogens are persistent in stream water and sediment following a swine manure spill: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 81, no. 10, p. 3430-3441, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.04195-14.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3430","endPage":"3441","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059122","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.04195-14","text":"External Repository"},{"id":299986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 42.342305278572816\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -90.24169921875,\n 41.73852846935917\n ],\n [\n -90.32958984375,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -90.703125,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 41.44272637767212\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 41.22824901518532\n ],\n [\n -90.9228515625,\n 41.07935114946899\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 40.6306300839918\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -91.40625,\n 40.34654412118006\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -95.9326171875,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -95.97656249999999,\n 41.52502957323801\n ],\n [\n -96.13037109375,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -96.15234375,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -96.39404296875,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 42.439674178149424\n ],\n [\n -96.6357421875,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 43.13306116240612\n ],\n [\n -96.591796875,\n 43.27720532212024\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 43.50075243569041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55434420e4b0a658d7941466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haack, Sheridan K. skhaack@usgs.gov","contributorId":1982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Sheridan","email":"skhaack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fogarty, Lisa R. 0000-0003-0329-3251 lrfogart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-3251","contributorId":2053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fogarty","given":"Lisa","email":"lrfogart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E.","contributorId":207837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":744851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gibson, Kristen E.","contributorId":140469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibson","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13508,"text":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Focazio, Michael J. 0000-0003-0967-5576 mfocazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-5576","contributorId":1276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Focazio","given":"Michael","email":"mfocazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schwab, Kellogg J.","contributorId":140470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwab","given":"Kellogg","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13508,"text":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public health","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":139099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70146272,"text":"ofr20151074 - 2015 - U.S. Geological Survey quality-assurance plan for surface-water activities in Kansas, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T09:24:56","indexId":"ofr20151074","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-30T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1074","title":"U.S. Geological Survey quality-assurance plan for surface-water activities in Kansas, 2015","docAbstract":"This Surface Water Quality-Assurance Plan documents the standards, policies, and procedures used by the Kansas Water Science Center (KSWSC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for activities related to the collection, processing, storage, analysis, and publication of surface-water data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151074","usgsCitation":"Painter, C.C., and Loving, B.L., 2015, U.S. Geological Survey quality-assurance plan for surface-water activities in Kansas, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1074, vii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151074.","productDescription":"vii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2015-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-062879","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299975,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151074.jpg"},{"id":299974,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1074/pdf/ofr2015-1074.pdf","text":"Report","size":"420 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299969,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1074/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.052001953125,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.0465087890625,\n 36.98939086733937\n ],\n [\n -94.61975097656249,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -94.6087646484375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -94.5867919921875,\n 39.15988184949157\n ],\n [\n -94.82574462890625,\n 39.232253141714885\n ],\n [\n -94.888916015625,\n 39.39375459224348\n ],\n [\n -95.11138916015624,\n 39.54005788576377\n ],\n [\n -94.85733032226562,\n 39.75365697136308\n ],\n [\n -94.93148803710936,\n 39.89393354266699\n ],\n [\n -95.152587890625,\n 39.905522539728544\n ],\n [\n -95.31463623046875,\n 40.002371935876475\n ],\n [\n -102.052001953125,\n 40.002371935876475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55434424e4b0a658d7941472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Painter, Colin C. 0000-0002-9469-5987 cpainter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9469-5987","contributorId":5597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Painter","given":"Colin","email":"cpainter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loving, Brian L. bloving@usgs.gov","contributorId":4565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loving","given":"Brian","email":"bloving@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":545859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70144354,"text":"sir20155047 - 2015 - Simulating hydrologic response to climate change scenarios in four selected watersheds of New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-29T15:24:04","indexId":"sir20155047","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5047","title":"Simulating hydrologic response to climate change scenarios in four selected watersheds of New Hampshire","docAbstract":"The State of New Hampshire has initiated a coordinated effort to proactively prepare for the effects of climate change on the natural and human resources of New Hampshire. An important aspect of this effort is to develop a vulnerability assessment of hydrologic response to climate change. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, is developing tools to predict how projected changes in temperature and precipitation will affect change in the hydrology of watersheds in the State. This study is a test case to assemble the information and create the tools to assess the hydrologic vulnerabilities in four specific watersheds.
\nThe study uses output from general circulation models to drive hydrologic simulations of streamflow, groundwater base flow (hereafter referred to as base flow), and snowfall in four representative watersheds in New Hampshire during the 21st century, including the watersheds of the Ashuelot, Oyster, Pemigewasset, and Souhegan Rivers. Simulations show that on average, relative to current conditions, streamflow is likely to increase and base flow is likely to decrease, although this change is highly variable by geographic location and season. Streamflow variability will likely increase, with more high streamflows and more low streamflows. The largest increases in streamflow are in the winter, with small decreases in summer. Change in base flow varies across the State with the largest change in the northern Pemigewasset River watershed. Changes in snowfall are consistently decreasing for all watersheds on average, with the largest change also in the Pemigewasset. However, monthly snowfall totals during any given winter could be higher in the future than expected under current conditions.
\nIncreasing frequency of floods (the largest seven floods expected to occur in 20 years) could be more significant than the size of the floods, except in the northern high altitude watersheds. In other words, the projections indicate a pattern of multiple floods that might not breach the riverbanks, yet the increased frequency could put additional strain on the existing river banks, infrastructure, and nearby human settlements. There is also likely to be an increase in high flows during the winter and spring months, which could result in more uncertainty in planning for the design, operation, and maintenance of infrastructure, including roads and utilities. Similarly, it is expected that, on average, there will be less base flow available and a wider range of seasonal fluctuation in base flow than experienced historically. These issues could necessitate more attention to planning and management of the resource. Based on past experience, the most important effects of climate change could be less certain planning options and a greater need for planning that accounts for the effects of larger streamflows than are currently available.
\nThe effects of hydrologic change on human health and well-being could be most readily apparent with respect to changes in streamflow and the subsequent increase in the frequency of minor flooding and the frequency of summer and fall low streamflows. These changes could require the development of plans to adapt, protect, and upgrade infrastructure, such as bridges, culverts, roads, and other structures. The precipitation runoff modeling shows that rivers and watersheds in New Hampshire will likely change in response to climate change, and that this response varies with season and latitude. Although four representative areas were simulated in this study, additional models could be used to predict the response over the entire State.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services","usgsCitation":"Bjerklie, D.M., Ayotte, J.D., and Cahillane, M.J., 2015, Simulating hydrologic response to climate change scenarios in four selected watersheds of New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5047, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155047.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060349","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":299965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155047.jpg"},{"id":299963,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5047/"},{"id":299964,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5047/pdf/sir2015-5047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"17.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.092529296875,\n 45.30773430004869\n ],\n [\n -70.9442138671875,\n 43.3351671567243\n ],\n [\n -70.8123779296875,\n 43.235198459790425\n ],\n [\n -70.83160400390625,\n 43.141078106345866\n ],\n [\n -70.697021484375,\n 43.062868070571454\n ],\n [\n -70.81787109374999,\n 42.8699254870066\n ],\n [\n -70.85906982421875,\n 42.86187308074834\n ],\n [\n -70.90576171875,\n 42.88602714832883\n ],\n [\n -71.03485107421875,\n 42.85784648372953\n ],\n [\n -71.06781005859375,\n 42.805476827860275\n ],\n [\n -71.136474609375,\n 42.82360980730198\n ],\n [\n -71.180419921875,\n 42.79741601927622\n ],\n [\n -71.1749267578125,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -71.2408447265625,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -71.290283203125,\n 42.69454866207692\n ],\n [\n -72.97119140625,\n 42.73894375124377\n ],\n [\n -72.861328125,\n 43.98491011404692\n ],\n [\n -71.8341064453125,\n 45.01141864227728\n ],\n [\n -71.510009765625,\n 45.00753503123719\n ],\n [\n -71.4385986328125,\n 45.24008561090264\n ],\n [\n -71.2957763671875,\n 45.30580259943578\n ],\n [\n -71.1419677734375,\n 45.24975464648731\n ],\n [\n -71.092529296875,\n 45.30773430004869\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2cfe4b0a658d793b23b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bjerklie, David M. 0000-0002-9890-4125 dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-4125","contributorId":3589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bjerklie","given":"David","email":"dmbjerkl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":196,"text":"Connecticut Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":138821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cahillane, Matthew J.","contributorId":139934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cahillane","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13319,"text":"NH Department of Health and Human Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147326,"text":"70147326 - 2015 - Home range, habitat use, and movement patterns of non-native Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-06T12:57:40","indexId":"70147326","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":773,"text":"Animal Biotelemetry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Home range, habitat use, and movement patterns of non-native Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA","docAbstract":"Background
\nStudies on the spatial ecology of invasive species provide critical information for conservation managers such as habitat preferences and identification of native species at risk of predation. To understand the spatial ecology of non-native Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus), now well-established in Everglades National Park and much of South Florida USA, we radio-tracked 19 wild-caught adult pythons, 16 with VHF tags during 2006 through 2009 and 3 by GPS tags between 2010 and 2011. Our goal was to identify individual core-use areas and quantify home ranges, as well as to explore correlations of python movements with environmental parameters such as the presence of surface water.
\nResults
\nRadio-tracking periods ranged from 87 to 697 days for snakes with VHF tags, with a total of 5,119 tracking days (mean ± 1 SD = 319.9 ± 184.3 days); GPS tracking periods ranged from 12 to 93 days, with a total of 146 tracking days (mean ± 1 SD = 48.7 ± 40.7 days). We observed mean individual radio-tracked python home ranges of 22.5 km2 (2250 ha) with overall low site fidelity; all home ranges were within the park boundary. Python core-use areas included slough and coastal habitat types, and we delineated 18 common-use areas (that is, areas where individual core-use areas spatially overlapped). Tree islands were a principal feature of common-use areas, even if they were not the predominant habitat type. Multiple common-use areas were in proximity to roads. The longest movements of individual pythons correlated well with presence of surface water, and occurred during both wet and dry seasons.
\nConclusions
\nHigh-use areas determined from python habitat-use and movement data may be optimal locations for targeted control efforts and further studies on impacts to native fauna.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central Ltd.","doi":"10.1186/s40317-015-0022-2","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Cherkiss, M.S., Smith, B.J., Mazzotti, F., Fujisaki, I., Snow, R.W., and Dorcas, M.E., 2015, Home range, habitat use, and movement patterns of non-native Burmese pythons in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA: Animal Biotelemetry, v. 3, no. 8, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0022-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040391","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40317-015-0022-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299962,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.85731506347656,\n 25.703412718177017\n ],\n [\n -80.67157745361328,\n 25.702175306242104\n ],\n [\n -80.56755065917969,\n 25.6127382845784\n ],\n [\n -80.56926727294922,\n 25.483880937856078\n ],\n [\n -80.58952331542969,\n 25.46373447396954\n ],\n [\n -80.59106826782227,\n 25.325718166785965\n ],\n [\n -80.86864471435547,\n 25.17573795238135\n ],\n [\n -80.89542388916016,\n 25.164862631756197\n ],\n [\n -80.8988571166992,\n 25.140933512758583\n ],\n [\n -80.92117309570312,\n 25.141555107671604\n ],\n [\n -81.06536865234375,\n 25.380633441350085\n ],\n [\n -80.85731506347656,\n 25.618001141542337\n ],\n [\n -80.85731506347656,\n 25.703412718177017\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2c2e4b0a658d793b204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cherkiss, Michael S. 0000-0002-7802-6791 mcherkiss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7802-6791","contributorId":4571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherkiss","given":"Michael","email":"mcherkiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Brian J. 0000-0002-0531-0492 bjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0531-0492","contributorId":899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Brian","email":"bjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":12358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Snow, Ray W.","contributorId":76449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snow","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13415,"text":"Everglades National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dorcas, Michael E.","contributorId":100515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorcas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12984,"text":"Department of Biology, Davidson College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70147254,"text":"70147254 - 2015 - Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T12:41:28","indexId":"70147254","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-29T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats","docAbstract":"Identification of ecological factors that drive animal distributions allows us to understand why distributions vary temporally and spatially, and to develop models to predict future changes to populations–vital tools for effective wildlife management and conservation. For waterbird broods in the boreal forest, distributions are likely driven by factors affecting quality of nesting and brood-rearing habitats, and the influence of these factors may extend beyond singles species, affecting the entire waterbird community. We used occupancy models to assess factors influencing species richness of waterbird broods on 72 boreal lakes, along with brood distributions of 3 species of conservation concern: lesser scaup (Aythya affinis), white-winged scoters (Melanitta fusca), and horned grebe (Podiceps auritus). Factors examined included abundance of invertebrate foods (Amphipoda, Diptera, Gastropoda, Hemiptera, Odonata), physical lake attributes (lake area, emergent vegetation), water chemistry (nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll a concentrations), and nesting habitats (water edge, non-forest cover). Of the 5 invertebrates, only amphipod density was related to richness and occupancy, consistently having a large and positive relationship. Despite this importance to waterbirds, amphipods were the most patchily distributed invertebrate, with 17% of the study lakes containing 70% of collected amphipods. Lake area was the only other covariate that strongly and positively influenced species richness and occupancy of scaup, scoters, and grebes. All 3 water chemistry covariates, which provided alternative measures of lake productivity, were positively related to species richness but had little effect on scaup, scoter, and grebe occupancy. Conversely, emergent vegetation was negatively related to richness, reflecting avoidance of overgrown lakes by broods. Finally, nesting habitats had no influence on richness and occupancy, indicating that, at a broad spatial scale, brood distributions are largely driven by the presence of quality brood-rearing lakes, not nesting habitats. Our findings are relevant to generating conservation plans or management goals; specifically, boreal lakes with abundant amphipods and surface areas >25 ha are important habitat for waterbird broods and merit conservation, especially given the patchy distribution of amphipods. Moreover, these high quality brood-rearing lakes are much rarer, and thus more constraining, than are quality nesting habitats, which are likely abundant in the boreal.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","usgsCitation":"Lewis, T., Lindberg, M., Schmutz, J.A., Bertram, M.R., and Dubour, A.J., 2015, Species richness and distributions of boreal waterbirds in relation to nesting and brood-rearing habitats: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 79, no. 2, p. 296-310, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"310","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053141","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ],\n [\n -146.326904296875,\n 66.3132419108725\n ],\n [\n -144.64599609375,\n 65.96437717203096\n ],\n [\n -143.843994140625,\n 66.45408107252952\n ],\n [\n -145.843505859375,\n 66.77458576472547\n ],\n [\n -148.721923828125,\n 66.46943736242146\n ],\n [\n -148.4747314453125,\n 65.96661446478602\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5541f2d1e4b0a658d793b243","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/jwmg.837","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.837","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Lewis Tyler L., Lindberg Mark S., Schmutz Joel A., Bertram Mark R., Dubour Adam J.","journalName":"The Journal of Wildlife Management","publicationDate":"2/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, Tyler L.","contributorId":22904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tyler L.","affiliations":[{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindberg, Mark S.","contributorId":89466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindberg","given":"Mark S.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bertram, Mark R.","contributorId":140463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertram","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dubour, Adam J.","contributorId":140464,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dubour","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70147153,"text":"sir20155020 - 2015 - Hexavalent and total chromium at low reporting concentrations in source-water aquifers and surface waters used for public supply in Illinois, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T10:40:57","indexId":"sir20155020","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5020","title":"Hexavalent and total chromium at low reporting concentrations in source-water aquifers and surface waters used for public supply in Illinois, 2013","docAbstract":"On the basis of their recent review of the human health effects of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in public drinking water, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is considering the need for Federal regulation of Cr(VI). Presently, only total chromium is regulated, at a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 100 micrograms per liter (µg/L). The occurrence of Cr(VI) in groundwater and surface waters generally is attributed to industrial sources, but can be of natural origin. California’s recently established MCL for Cr(VI) of 10 µg/L illustrates the drinking-water concerns associated with Cr(VI). To improve understanding of the possible impact of a Cr(VI)-specific standard that approximates the California level on the management of Illinois’ public drinking water, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, assessed the occurrence and distribution of Cr(VI) in the State’s public-water supplies.
\nDuring 2013, untreated water samples were collected to be analyzed for Cr(VI) and total chromium [Cr(T)] at 119 water-supply wells and 32 surface-water intakes; also, 32 treated surface-water samples were collected near the point of treatment and 32 near the furthest point of distribution. Public-supply sample sites were selected by a stratified random method. Samples typically were analyzed within 24 hours of collection at reporting limits of 0.02 µg/L for Cr(VI) and 0.1 µg/L for Cr(T). The occurrence of Cr(VI) was compared with selected geophysical, physical, and sampling factors that might more fully explain its distribution and magnitude of concentrations.
\nThe maximum concentration of Cr(VI) in groundwater was 2.1 µg/L. Maximum concentrations in untreated and treated surface water were 0.29 µg/L and 2.4 µg/L, respectively. All sample concentrations were below the California MCL; only 35 percent were below that State’s non-enforceable public health goal of 0.02 of µg/L. Cr(VI) was undetected in 43 percent of untreated groundwater samples, with a median of 0.06 µg/L when detected. All but two (94 percent) of untreated surface-water samples had detections. In untreated surface water, the median concentration was 0.09 µg/L, whereas in treated (tap and distributed) water the median was 0.20 µg/L. Surface waters treated with lime for softening typically had the greatest Cr(VI) concentrations (maximum, 2.4 µg/L; median, 1.2 µg/L).
\nThe maximum concentration of Cr(T) in groundwater was 1.8 µg/L. Maximum concentrations in untreated and treated surface water were 1.8 µg/L and 2.5 µg/L, respectively. All sample concentrations were below the Federal MCL. Total chromium was detected in 65 percent of untreated groundwater samples, with a median of 0.40 µg/L, when detected. All but one (97 percent) of untreated surface-water samples had detections. In untreated surface water, the median concentration was 0.40 µg/L, whereas in treated (tap and distributed) water the median was 0.30 µg/L. As with Cr(VI), surface waters treated with lime typically had the greatest Cr(T) concentrations.
\nExamination of factors that might account for or be associated with the occurrence of Cr(VI) in public-supply source waters found few clearly evident factors. Associations in frequencies of occurrence and range of concentrations indicate that surface waters and groundwaters of shallow, unconsolidated, unconfined aquifers, particularly alluvial aquifers, are possibly most commonly affected by anthropogenic sources of Cr(VI). Groundwaters of deep (greater than 500 feet) bedrock aquifers, particularly the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, are possibly most commonly affected by geologic sources of Cr(VI). Additional study, with supporting geologic and geochemical data that were not collected in this study, would be necessary to verify these associations.
\nThere was a weak positive relation (ρ = 0.23) between concentrations of Cr(VI) and Cr(T) in untreated water samples, with a much stronger positive relation (ρ = 0.86 and ρ = 0.90, respectively) in samples collected soon after treatment and near the endpoint of distribution. The stronger relation and greater similarity between Cr(VI) and Cr(T) concentrations in treated water samples indicate that Cr(VI) represents a greater proportion of the measured concentrations of Cr(T) in treated waters than in untreated waters. The analysis of spikes and other quality-assurance samples indicate uncertainties associated with obtaining or confirming consistently accurate analytical results for Cr(VI) at near the applied reporting limit of 0.02 µg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155020","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Cobb, R.P., 2015, Hexavalent and total chromium at low reporting concentrations in source-water aquifers and surface waters used for public supply in Illinois, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5020, vi, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155020.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2013-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-046297","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299929,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155020.jpg"},{"id":299928,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5020/pdf/sir2015-5020.pdf","size":"7.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":299918,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5020/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Illinois","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 42.49235259142821\n ],\n [\n -90.6646728515625,\n 42.508552415528634\n ],\n [\n -90.56579589843749,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -90.4559326171875,\n 42.35448465106744\n ],\n [\n -90.428466796875,\n 42.273244264402734\n ],\n [\n -90.3900146484375,\n 42.200038266046754\n ],\n [\n -90.23071289062499,\n 42.15933157601718\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 42.11859868281563\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 42.037054301883806\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -90.208740234375,\n 41.812267143599804\n ],\n [\n -90.3131103515625,\n 41.7631174470059\n ],\n [\n -90.3460693359375,\n 41.7180304600481\n ],\n [\n -90.362548828125,\n 41.63186741069748\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 41.57436130598913\n ],\n [\n -90.538330078125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -90.648193359375,\n 41.48389104267175\n ],\n [\n -90.758056640625,\n 41.45507852101139\n ],\n [\n -90.90087890624999,\n 41.4509614012039\n ],\n [\n -91.0382080078125,\n 41.43449030894922\n ],\n [\n -91.0711669921875,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -91.0986328125,\n 41.3025710943056\n ],\n [\n -91.1151123046875,\n 41.244772343082104\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 41.14970617453726\n ],\n [\n -90.98876953125,\n 41.11246878918086\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 40.992337919312284\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -91.109619140625,\n 40.79717741518769\n ],\n [\n -91.1151123046875,\n 40.701463603604594\n ],\n [\n -91.19750976562499,\n 40.65563874006118\n ],\n [\n -91.329345703125,\n 40.65147128144057\n ],\n [\n -91.4337158203125,\n 40.5930995321649\n ],\n [\n -91.4117431640625,\n 40.526326510744006\n ],\n [\n -91.3897705078125,\n 40.455307212131494\n ],\n [\n -91.4117431640625,\n 40.38002840251183\n ],\n [\n -91.505126953125,\n 40.29209669470101\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 40.17467622056341\n ],\n [\n -91.4996337890625,\n 40.02340800226773\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 39.930800820752765\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 39.85072092501597\n ],\n [\n -91.4117431640625,\n 39.80009595634841\n ],\n [\n -91.3897705078125,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -91.351318359375,\n 39.67759833072648\n ],\n [\n -91.2579345703125,\n 39.6268459848669\n ],\n [\n -91.19750976562499,\n 39.57605638518604\n ],\n [\n -91.1260986328125,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 39.45316112807394\n ],\n [\n -90.94482421875,\n 39.38526381099777\n ],\n [\n -90.7855224609375,\n 39.29179704377487\n ],\n [\n -90.72509765625,\n 39.21948715423953\n ],\n [\n -90.6976318359375,\n 39.104488809440475\n ],\n [\n -90.71411132812499,\n 39.06184913429154\n ],\n [\n -90.6976318359375,\n 38.989302551359515\n ],\n [\n -90.6427001953125,\n 38.882481197550774\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 38.84826438869913\n ],\n [\n -90.4779052734375,\n 38.91240739487225\n ],\n [\n -90.4449462890625,\n 38.950865400919994\n ],\n [\n -90.19226074218749,\n 38.886757140695906\n ],\n [\n -90.1318359375,\n 38.83542884007303\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 38.77121637244273\n ],\n [\n -90.1812744140625,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -90.2142333984375,\n 38.61257832462118\n ],\n [\n -90.28564453124999,\n 38.543869175876154\n ],\n [\n -90.32409667968749,\n 38.41486245064945\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 38.35458032659834\n ],\n [\n -90.3900146484375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -90.32409667968749,\n 38.1777509666256\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 38.0437651074397\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 37.94419750075404\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 37.86618078529668\n ],\n [\n -89.84069824218749,\n 37.87918931481653\n ],\n [\n -89.70886230468749,\n 37.79676317682161\n ],\n [\n -89.5660400390625,\n 37.688167468408025\n ],\n [\n -89.5111083984375,\n 37.579412513438385\n ],\n [\n -89.49462890625,\n 37.470498470798724\n ],\n [\n -89.46716308593749,\n 37.339591851359174\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 37.22595454983972\n ],\n [\n -89.417724609375,\n 37.12090636165327\n ],\n [\n -89.395751953125,\n 37.046408899699564\n ],\n [\n -89.28863525390625,\n 36.99158465967016\n ],\n [\n -89.2364501953125,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -89.1925048828125,\n 37.00913272027146\n ],\n [\n -89.06341552734375,\n 37.14937133266766\n ],\n [\n -89.00848388671875,\n 37.21939331752986\n ],\n [\n -88.626708984375,\n 37.10338413422305\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 37.06175259706909\n ],\n [\n -88.428955078125,\n 37.070519031125826\n ],\n [\n -88.40972900390625,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -88.4344482421875,\n 37.22158045838652\n ],\n [\n -88.48388671874999,\n 37.267495764381856\n ],\n [\n -88.44818115234375,\n 37.38979975341983\n ],\n [\n -88.4014892578125,\n 37.40725549559876\n ],\n [\n -88.35479736328125,\n 37.398528132728615\n ],\n [\n -88.3026123046875,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -88.14880371093749,\n 37.45087706042972\n ],\n [\n -88.0609130859375,\n 37.47921744485059\n ],\n [\n -88.0499267578125,\n 37.53368798315969\n ],\n [\n -88.10211181640624,\n 37.58376576718623\n ],\n [\n -88.1378173828125,\n 37.62075814551956\n ],\n [\n -88.14056396484375,\n 37.67729913640427\n ],\n [\n -88.09112548828125,\n 37.714244967649265\n ],\n [\n -88.0224609375,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -88.00323486328125,\n 37.87051721701939\n ],\n [\n -88.00323486328125,\n 37.94852933714952\n ],\n [\n -88.00323486328125,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -87.96203613281249,\n 38.08052761936274\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 38.13023573104302\n ],\n [\n -87.923583984375,\n 38.179910014461136\n ],\n [\n -87.95654296875,\n 38.21444607848999\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 38.25543637637947\n ],\n [\n -87.81372070312499,\n 38.285624966683756\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 38.34165619279593\n ],\n [\n -87.7423095703125,\n 38.3868805698475\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 38.4514377951069\n ],\n [\n -87.71759033203125,\n 38.47079371120379\n ],\n [\n -87.62969970703125,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -87.63519287109375,\n 38.58037909468592\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 38.638327308061875\n ],\n [\n -87.5775146484375,\n 38.676933444637925\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 38.71123253895224\n ],\n [\n -87.52532958984374,\n 38.852542390364235\n ],\n [\n -87.50335693359375,\n 38.929502416386605\n ],\n [\n -87.50335693359375,\n 38.96368010198575\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 38.989302551359515\n ],\n [\n -87.5665283203125,\n 38.997841307500714\n ],\n [\n -87.56927490234375,\n 39.05758374935667\n ],\n [\n -87.59124755859375,\n 39.09383130692365\n ],\n [\n -87.6214599609375,\n 39.115144700901475\n ],\n [\n -87.593994140625,\n 39.16839998800286\n ],\n [\n -87.5555419921875,\n 39.2407625100131\n ],\n [\n -87.58575439453125,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -87.56103515625,\n 39.33642177141803\n ],\n [\n -87.528076171875,\n 39.34491849236129\n ],\n [\n -87.51983642578125,\n 41.76516610331408\n ],\n [\n -87.5665283203125,\n 41.795888098191426\n ],\n [\n -87.58575439453125,\n 41.84296656785943\n ],\n [\n -87.6214599609375,\n 41.90636538970964\n ],\n [\n -87.64617919921875,\n 41.96357478222518\n ],\n [\n -87.67364501953124,\n 42.06764572379527\n ],\n [\n -87.71209716796874,\n 42.10229818948117\n ],\n [\n -87.78350830078125,\n 42.18375873465217\n ],\n [\n -87.8302001953125,\n 42.28137302193453\n ],\n [\n -87.81646728515625,\n 42.34433533786168\n ],\n [\n -87.7972412109375,\n 42.407234661551875\n ],\n [\n -87.802734375,\n 42.48019996901214\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 42.49235259142821\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540a121e4b0a658d7939275","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobb, Richard P.","contributorId":140444,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cobb","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13503,"text":"Illinois Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128280,"text":"sir20145192 - 2015 - Estimation of monthly water yields and flows for 1951-2012 for the United States portion of the Great Lakes Basin with AFINCH","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T12:31:27","indexId":"sir20145192","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-28T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5192","title":"Estimation of monthly water yields and flows for 1951-2012 for the United States portion of the Great Lakes Basin with AFINCH","docAbstract":"Monthly water yields from 105,829 catchments and corresponding flows in 107,691 stream segments were estimated for water years 1951–2012 in the Great Lakes Basin in the United States. Both sets of estimates were computed by using the Analysis of Flows In Networks of CHannels (AFINCH) application within the NHDPlus geospatial data framework. AFINCH provides an environment to develop constrained regression models to integrate monthly streamflow and water-use data with monthly climatic data and fixed basin characteristics data available within NHDPlus or supplied by the user. For this study, the U.S. Great Lakes Basin was partitioned into seven study areas by grouping selected hydrologic subregions and adjoining cataloguing units. This report documents the regression models and data used to estimate monthly water yields and flows in each study area. Estimates of monthly water yields and flows are presented in a Web-based mapper application. Monthly flow time series for individual stream segments can be retrieved from the Web application and used to approximate monthly flow-duration characteristics and to identify possible trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145192","usgsCitation":"Luukkonen, C.L., Holtschlag, D.J., Reeves, H.W., Hoard, C.J., and Fuller, L.M., 2015, Estimation of monthly water yields and flows for 1951-2012 for the United States portion of the Great Lakes Basin with AFINCH: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5192, Report: vii, 83 p.; The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Mapper, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145192.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 83 p.; The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Mapper","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1951-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056761","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299922,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145192.jpg"},{"id":299921,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://cida.usgs.gov/glri/afinch/","text":"The Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) Mapper for Monthly Streamflow and Yield of Catchments using Analysis of Flows in Networks of CHannels (AFINCH)"},{"id":299920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5192/pdf/sir2014-5192.pdf","size":"11.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":305908,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5192/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -89.80224609374999,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -89.912109375,\n 48.019324184801185\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 48.122101028190805\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 48.06339653776211\n ],\n [\n -91.62597656249999,\n 47.81315451752768\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 47.56170075451973\n ],\n [\n -92.724609375,\n 47.57652571374621\n ],\n [\n -93.0322265625,\n 47.635783590864854\n ],\n [\n -93.4716796875,\n 47.41322033016902\n ],\n [\n -93.58154296875,\n 47.07012182383309\n ],\n [\n -93.33984375,\n 46.70973594407157\n ],\n [\n -93.01025390625,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -92.43896484375,\n 46.17983040759436\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 45.920587344733654\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -90.76904296874999,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -90.2197265625,\n 45.96642454131025\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -88.9013671875,\n 45.87471224890479\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 45.22848059584359\n ],\n [\n -89.45068359374999,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 44.18220395771566\n ],\n [\n -89.67041015625,\n 43.8028187190472\n ],\n [\n -89.56054687499999,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 43.11702412135048\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 42.924251753870685\n ],\n [\n -88.22021484375,\n 42.58544425738491\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -87.7587890625,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -87.20947265625,\n 41.55792157780418\n ],\n [\n -86.66015624999999,\n 41.623655390686395\n ],\n [\n -86.28662109375,\n 41.80407814427237\n ],\n [\n -86.11083984375,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -85.89111328125,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -85.2978515625,\n 41.261291493919856\n ],\n [\n -84.96826171874999,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 40.44694705960048\n ],\n [\n -84.17724609375,\n 40.29628651711716\n ],\n [\n -82.90283203125,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -82.41943359375,\n 40.54720023441049\n ],\n [\n -81.9140625,\n 40.74725696280421\n ],\n [\n -81.05712890625,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -80.74951171875,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -80.5078125,\n 41.29431726315258\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 41.492120839687786\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n 41.820455096140314\n ],\n [\n -79.78271484375,\n 42.04929263868686\n ],\n [\n -79.3212890625,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 42.17968819665961\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -77.18994140625,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -77.05810546875,\n 42.65012181368025\n ],\n [\n -76.640625,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -76.22314453125,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -75.60791015625,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -75.0146484375,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -74.794921875,\n 43.8503744993026\n ],\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 44.24519901522129\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 44.731125592643274\n ],\n [\n -73.8720703125,\n 44.96479793033104\n ],\n [\n -73.7841796875,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -73.95996093749999,\n 45.61403741135093\n ],\n [\n -74.59716796875,\n 45.27488643704894\n ],\n [\n -74.99267578125,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 44.653024159812\n ],\n [\n -76.00341796875,\n 44.29240108529005\n ],\n [\n -76.70654296875,\n 44.213709909702054\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -77.2119140625,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -77.54150390625,\n 44.05601169578525\n ],\n [\n -77.9150390625,\n 44.08758502824518\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 43.83452678223684\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 43.59630591596548\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -80.15625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -80.4638671875,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -80.9912109375,\n 42.66628070564928\n ],\n [\n -81.1669921875,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -81.67236328125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -82.37548828125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -82.3974609375,\n 42.61779143282346\n ],\n [\n -82.177734375,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -81.62841796875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -81.71630859375,\n 44.11914151643737\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -80.57373046875,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -80.22216796875,\n 44.4808302785626\n ],\n [\n -79.91455078125,\n 44.55916341529184\n ],\n [\n -79.65087890624999,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -79.8486328125,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -80.31005859375,\n 45.537136680398596\n ],\n [\n -80.92529296875,\n 46.01222384063238\n ],\n [\n -81.34277343749999,\n 45.99696161820381\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -82.2216796875,\n 46.240651955001695\n ],\n [\n -82.5732421875,\n 46.27103747280261\n ],\n [\n -83.408203125,\n 46.255846818480336\n ],\n [\n -83.8916015625,\n 46.42271253466719\n ],\n [\n -84.39697265625,\n 46.9502622421856\n ],\n [\n -84.66064453125,\n 47.05515408550348\n ],\n [\n -84.55078125,\n 47.35371061951363\n ],\n [\n -84.990234375,\n 47.69497434186282\n ],\n [\n -84.8583984375,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -85.60546875,\n 47.945786463687185\n ],\n [\n -85.9130859375,\n 48.03401915864286\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 48.76343113791796\n ],\n [\n -86.748046875,\n 48.79239019646406\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 48.850258199721495\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -88.17626953125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -88.6376953125,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -88.79150390625,\n 48.67645370777654\n ],\n [\n -89.14306640625,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -89.384765625,\n 48.356249029540706\n ],\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 48.019324184801185\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540a120e4b0a658d7939273","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luukkonen, Carol L. clluukko@usgs.gov","contributorId":3489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luukkonen","given":"Carol","email":"clluukko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Howard W. 0000-0001-8057-2081 hwreeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-2081","contributorId":2307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Howard","email":"hwreeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuller, Lori M. lmfuller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Lori","email":"lmfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143357,"text":"sir20155044 - 2015 - Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T13:45:09","indexId":"sir20155044","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5044","title":"Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas","docAbstract":"A study to assess the potential of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas, as a viable source of public-supply water was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Little Rock, District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An important study component was to identify possible changes in hydrologic conditions following installation of James W. Trimble Lock and Dam 13 (December 1969) on the Arkansas River near the study area. Data were gathered for the study in regard to the lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the aquifer. Lithologic information was obtained from drillers’ logs of wells drilled from 1957 through 1959. Water-quality samples were collected from 10 irrigation wells and analyzed for inorganic constituents and pesticides. To evaluate the potential viability of the alluvial aquifer in the Van Buren area, these data were compared to similar stratigraphic, lithologic, and groundwater-quality data from the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer at Dardanelle, Ark., where the aquifer provides a proven, productive, sole-source of public-supply water.
\nDrillers’ logs for 59 wells in the Van Buren study area revealed well depths ranging from 25 to 52 feet (ft), with a mean depth of 42 ft. The thickness of the lower sand/gravel interval serving as the water-producing zone ranged from 5 to 47 ft, with a mean thickness of 29 ft. The presence of gravel was noted in only 4 of 59 well logs available for review from the study area.
\nPercent sand was calculated from well logs in the study area, and these sand percentages were overlain onto an orthophotograph map to examine the areal distribution of sand percentage in relation to geomorphologic features of the flood plain in the study area. The logs denoting the greatest percent sand tend to occur in areas near to the river and on the concave (point bar) side of abandoned channels, while the lower percent sand tends to occur on the convex (channel fill and backswamp deposits) side of the abandoned channels.
\nComparison of hydrographs from water levels collected between 1957 and 1972 to cumulative departure from mean monthly and mean annual precipitation showed overall good fit and explained the long-term decreasing water levels from the earliest period of record through October 1967, followed by a sharp rise in water levels concurrent with rises in cumulative departure from mean monthly and mean annual precipitation. Hydrographs for four wells ranging from 0.8 to 4.5 miles upstream from the dam and potentially affected by rising river stage were compared to graphs of river stage and cumulative departure from mean monthly precipitation. Water levels for these wells showed minimal discernible effect by rising river stage following dam completion. Periods of increased precipitation compared closely to increases in water level for all hydrographs, regardless of river stage, and periods of no precipitation resulted in declining water levels, although river stage continued to slowly rise during these same periods.
\nThe Arkansas River has greater salinity than local groundwater, providing a quantitative tracer for any groundwater recharge originating from the river. Comparison of predam and postdam groundwater-chloride concentrations showed no increase in chloride concentrations after dam installation, which is consistent with hydrologic data. These data suggest that the dominant source of groundwater recharge in the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer is infiltration of precipitation through proximal, coarse channel deposits, with minimal influx of river water.
\nGroundwater-quality data collected from 10 wells in the study area indicated a calcium-bicarbonate water type. No primary drinking-water standards were exceeded for any constituents, and iron and manganese were the only constituents exceeding secondary drinking-water regulations. Six of the 10 well-water samples were analyzed for the presence of pesticides, as row-crop agriculture is the dominant land use in the study area. Six herbicide compounds and one herbicide metabolite were detected at concentrations substantially below those of the Federal primary drinking-water standards and health advisories.
\nThe hydrologic and geochemical data gathered for this study provide a qualitative assessment of the potential of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer as a source of public water supply in the Van Buren area. Results indicate minimal influx of water from the Arkansas River, and recharge to the aquifer appears to be dominantly by infiltration of precipitation through overlying alluvium. If vertical wells are used as a source of public water supply, then several wells will have to be used in combination at relatively low pumping rates and placed in areas with a greater percent sand. Use of a horizontal well configuration near the river to increase production may depend on infiltration of river water to supplement water removed from storage, especially where areas of lower permeability sediments might be encountered within the surrounding alluvium. If a poor hydraulic connection exists between the river and the alluvium, as indicated by this study, then production will depend on ample precipitation and recharge throughout the year and groundwater storage sufficient to prevent declining water levels where pumping rates exceed recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Little Rock District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Little Rock, Arkansas","usgsCitation":"Kresse, T.M., Westerman, D.A., and Hart, R.M., 2015, Lithology, hydrologic characteristics, and water quality of the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of Van Buren, Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5044, Report:iv, 26 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155044.","productDescription":"Report:iv, 26 p.; Appendix","startPage":"26","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054910","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155044.jpg"},{"id":299896,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5044/downloads/sir2015-5044_app1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"35.6 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"This is an electronic copy of Appendix 1."},{"id":299893,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5044/"},{"id":299895,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5044/pdf/sir2015-5044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.46 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04983520507812,\n 35.50260518890851\n ],\n [\n -94.04159545898438,\n 35.466821821982634\n ],\n [\n -94.053955078125,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n -94.08485412597656,\n 35.44612729642443\n ],\n [\n -94.119873046875,\n 35.457314187461634\n ],\n [\n -94.13223266601562,\n 35.464025575544696\n ],\n [\n -94.1473388671875,\n 35.4159149234562\n ],\n [\n -94.13635253906249,\n 35.39184881758124\n ],\n [\n -94.15557861328125,\n 35.38121266833199\n ],\n [\n -94.18098449707031,\n 35.392408576059616\n ],\n [\n -94.19471740722656,\n 35.38904996691167\n ],\n [\n -94.20433044433594,\n 35.37953314814525\n ],\n [\n -94.21737670898438,\n 35.37337460834958\n ],\n [\n -94.22904968261719,\n 35.35545618392078\n ],\n [\n -94.25033569335938,\n 35.359376179099925\n ],\n [\n -94.27711486816405,\n 35.34649548039281\n ],\n [\n -94.29222106933592,\n 35.34985586071352\n ],\n [\n -94.29702758789062,\n 35.35881619143943\n ],\n [\n -94.33067321777344,\n 35.37953314814525\n ],\n [\n -94.34097290039062,\n 35.37841344859757\n ],\n [\n -94.33273315429688,\n 35.40416260657519\n ],\n [\n -94.34440612792969,\n 35.42430838621465\n ],\n [\n -94.31831359863281,\n 35.42598697382711\n ],\n [\n -94.30320739746094,\n 35.394647571120544\n ],\n [\n -94.26544189453125,\n 35.38625101911513\n ],\n [\n -94.23866271972656,\n 35.400804486992115\n ],\n [\n -94.22218322753905,\n 35.40472227957224\n ],\n [\n -94.19815063476562,\n 35.41479572901859\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 35.41983198156661\n ],\n [\n -94.17343139648438,\n 35.437736107595484\n ],\n [\n -94.2022705078125,\n 35.44109268809115\n ],\n [\n -94.2022705078125,\n 35.447805429223266\n ],\n [\n -94.21188354492188,\n 35.44836479904722\n ],\n [\n -94.20021057128906,\n 35.459551379037606\n ],\n [\n -94.18785095214844,\n 35.475769157259265\n ],\n [\n -94.16587829589844,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -94.15695190429688,\n 35.47185482057798\n ],\n [\n -94.119873046875,\n 35.5109896107126\n ],\n [\n -94.06013488769531,\n 35.50987173838399\n ],\n [\n -94.04983520507812,\n 35.50260518890851\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553f4fa4e4b0a658d7938cb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kresse, Timothy M. 0000-0003-1035-0672 tkresse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-0672","contributorId":2758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kresse","given":"Timothy","email":"tkresse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147570,"text":"70147570 - 2015 - Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-26T11:11:06","indexId":"70147570","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-24T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient","docAbstract":"Forest soil respiration is a major carbon (C) flux that is characterized by significant variability in space and time. We quantified growing season soil respiration during both a drought year and a nondrought year across a complex landscape to identify how landscape and climate interact to control soil respiration. We asked the following questions: (1) How does soil respiration vary across the catchments due to terrain-induced variability in moisture availability and temperature? (2) Does the relative importance of moisture versus temperature limitation of respiration vary across space and time? And (3) what terrain elements are important for dictating the pattern of soil respiration and its controls? Moisture superseded temperature in explaining watershed respiration patterns, with wetter yet cooler areas higher up and on north facing slopes yielding greater soil respiration than lower and south facing areas. Wetter subalpine forests had reduced moisture limitation in favor of greater seasonal temperature limitation, and the reverse was true for low-elevation semiarid forests. Coincident climate poorly predicted soil respiration in the montane transition zone; however, antecedent precipitation from the prior 10 days provided additional explanatory power. A seasonal trend in respiration remained after accounting for microclimate effects, suggesting that local climate alone may not adequately predict seasonal variability in soil respiration in montane forests. Soil respiration climate controls were more strongly related to topography during the drought year highlighting the importance of landscape complexity in ecosystem response to drought.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002802","usgsCitation":"Berryman, E.M., Barnard, H., Adams, H., Burns, M., Gallo, E., and Brooks, P.D., 2015, Complex terrain alters temperature and moisture limitations of forest soil respiration across a semiarid to subalpine gradient: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 4, p. 707-723, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002802.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"723","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059602","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1402216","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5549e9b5e4b064e4207ca435","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berryman, Erin Michele 0000-0001-8699-2474 eberryman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-2474","contributorId":5765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berryman","given":"Erin","email":"eberryman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Michele","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnard, H.R.","contributorId":140553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barnard","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, H.R.","contributorId":140554,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"H.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, M.A.","contributorId":140555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burns","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gallo, E.","contributorId":140556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallo","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, P. D.","contributorId":46060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70146899,"text":"70146899 - 2015 - Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:32:00","indexId":"70146899","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013","docAbstract":"During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. In 2010 and 2012, 1244 total carcasses (0.8 dead bird/km walked) and 2399 total carcasses (1.2 dead birds/km walked), respectively, were detected. Fewer carcasses were detected in 2011 (353 total carcasses, 0.2 dead bird/km walked) and 2013 (451 total carcasses, 0.3 dead bird/km walked). During 3 years, peak detection of carcasses occurred in October and involved primarily migratory diving and fish-eating birds, including long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis; 2010), common loons (Gavia immer; 2012), and red-breasted mergansers (Mergus serrator; 2013). In 2011, peak detection of carcasses occurred in August and consisted primarily of summer residents such as gulls (Larus spp.) and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus). A subset of fresh carcasses was collected throughout each year of the study and tested for botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E). Sixty-one percent of carcasses (57/94) and 10 of 11 species collected throughout the sampling season tested positive for BoNT/E, suggesting avian botulism type E was a major cause of death for both resident and migratory birds in Lake Michigan. The variety of avian species affected by botulism type E throughout the summer and fall during all 4 years of coordinated surveillance also suggests multiple routes for bird exposure to BoNT/E in Lake Michigan.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.021","usgsCitation":"Chipault, J.G., White, C.L., Blehert, D.S., Jennings, S.K., and Strom, S.M., 2015, Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010–2013: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 2, p. 659-664, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2015.03.021.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"659","endPage":"664","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055925","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7GX48NM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010-2013"},{"id":299851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.73181152343749,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -86.099853515625,\n 44.71161010858431\n ],\n [\n -86.24267578125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -85.9075927734375,\n 45.058001435398296\n ],\n [\n -85.73181152343749,\n 45.023067895446175\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.298075138707965\n ],\n [\n -87.4896240234375,\n 44.308126684886126\n ],\n [\n -88.1597900390625,\n 44.59829048984011\n ],\n [\n -87.3907470703125,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 45.298075138707965\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.4132080078125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -85.3802490234375,\n 45.98551218814564\n ],\n [\n -86.1053466796875,\n 45.863237552964364\n ],\n [\n -86.1932373046875,\n 46.0007775685566\n ],\n [\n -85.4132080078125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09a9e4b0c1efddaed12f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chipault, Jennifer G. 0000-0002-1368-622X jchipault@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-622X","contributorId":4765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipault","given":"Jennifer","email":"jchipault@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blehert, David S. 0000-0002-1065-9760 dblehert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1065-9760","contributorId":140392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blehert","given":"David","email":"dblehert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jennings, Susan K.","contributorId":140393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strom, Sean M.","contributorId":140394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strom","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13475,"text":"Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70146896,"text":"70146896 - 2015 - Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","indexId":"70146896","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T13:10:49","indexId":"70146896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Contaminants in sea ducks: metals, trace elements, petroleum, organic pollutants, and radiation: Chapter 6","docAbstract":"Exposure to lead and petroleum has caused deaths of sea ducks, but relatively few contaminants have been shown to cause mortality or be associated with population level effects. This chapter focuses primarily on field reports of contaminant concentrations in tissues of sea ducks in North America and Europe and results of some pertinent experimental studies. Much of the available interpretive data for contaminants in waterfowl come from studies of freshwater species. Limits of available data present a challenge for managers interested in sea ducks because field reports have shown that marine birds may carry greater burdens of some pollutants than freshwater species, particularly metals. It is important, then, to distinguish poisoning due to a particular contaminant as a cause of death in sea ducks versus simple exposure based solely on tissue residues. A comprehensive approach that incorporates information on field circumstances, any observed clinical signs and lesions, and tissues residues is recommended when evaluating contaminant concentrations in sea ducks.
In this paper, we report on the adaptation and application of a one-dimensional marsh surface elevation model, the Wetland Accretion Rate Model of Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER), to explore the conditions that lead to sustainable tidal freshwater marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. We defined marsh accretion parameters to encapsulate the range of observed values over historic and modern time-scales based on measurements from four marshes in high and low energy fluvial environments as well as possible future trends in sediment supply and mean sea level. A sensitivity analysis of 450 simulations was conducted encompassing a range of eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. porosity values, initial elevations, organic and inorganic matter accumulation rates, and sea-level rise rates. For the range of inputs considered, the magnitude of SLR over the next century was the primary driver of marsh surface elevation change. Sediment supply was the secondary control. More than 84% of the scenarios resulted in sustainable marshes with 88 cm of SLR by 2100, but only 32% and 11% of the scenarios resulted in surviving marshes when SLR was increased to 133 cm and 179 cm, respectively. Marshes situated in high-energy zones were marginally more resilient than those in low-energy zones because of their higher inorganic sediment supply. Overall, the results from this modeling exercise suggest that marshes at the upstream reaches of the Delta—where SLR may be attenuated—and high energy marshes along major channels with high inorganic sediment accumulation rates will be more resilient to global SLR in excess of 88 cm over the next century than their downstream and low-energy counterparts. However, considerable uncertainties exist in the projected rates of sea-level rise and sediment avail-ability. In addition, more research is needed to constrain future rates of aboveground and belowground plant productivity under increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and flooding.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","publisherLocation":"Sacramento, CA","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3","usgsCitation":"Swanson, K.M., Drexler, J., Fuller, C.C., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Modeling tidal freshwater marsh sustainability in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta under a broad suite of potential future scenarios: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 13, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042916","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacremento-San Joaquin Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 38.601846852838094\n ],\n [\n -121.08581542968751,\n 38.601846852838094\n ],\n [\n -121.08581542968751,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -122.135009765625,\n 37.59682400108367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09c7e4b0c1efddaed13d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Kathleen M. kathswan@usgs.gov","contributorId":3757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Kathleen","email":"kathswan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34319,"text":"Mission-Aransas National Estuarine Research Reserve, Port Aransas, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70146687,"text":"70146687 - 2015 - Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70146687,"text":"70146687 - 2015 - Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","indexId":"70146687","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"4","title":"Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70146989,"text":"70146989 - 2015 - Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks","indexId":"70146989","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Ecology and conservation of North American sea ducks"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-03T15:35:12.861487","indexId":"70146687","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"4","title":"Infectious diseases, parasites, and biological toxins in sea ducks","docAbstract":"This chapter addresses disease agents in the broad sense, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and helminth parasites, and biological toxins. Some of these agents are known to cause mortality in sea ducks, some are thought to be incidental findings, and the significance of others is yet poorly understood. Although the focus of the chapter is on free-living sea ducks, the study of disease in this taxonomic group has been relatively limited and examples from captive sea ducks and other wild waterfowl are used to illustrate the pathogenicity of certain diseases. Much of the early work in sea ducks consisted of anecdotal and descriptive reports of parasites, but it was soon recognized that diseases such as avian cholera, renal coccidiosis, and intestinal infections with acanthocephalans were causes of mortality in wild populations. More recently, adenoviruses, reoviruses, and the newly emergent Wellfleet Bay virus, for example, also have been linked to die-offs of sea ducks. Declining populations of animals are particularly vulnerable to the threats posed by disease and it is important that we improve our understanding of the significance of disease in sea ducks. To conclude, we offer our recommendations for future directions in this field.
Streamflow in the Esopus Creek watershed is altered by two major watershed management activities carried out by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection as part of its responsibility to maintain a water supply for New York City: (1) diversion of water from the Schoharie Creek watershed to the Esopus Creek through the Shandaken Tunnel, and (2) impoundment of the Esopus Creek by a dam that forms the Ashokan Reservoir and subsequent release through the Catskill Aqueduct. Stakeholders in the Catskill region are interested and concerned about the extent to which these watershed management activities have altered streamflow, especially low and high flows, in the Esopus Creek. To address these concerns, natural (in the absence of diversion and impoundment) daily discharge from October 1, 1931, to September 30, 2012, was estimated for the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages at Coldbrook (station number 01362500), downstream of the Shandaken Tunnel discharge, and at Mount Marion (01364500), downstream of the Ashokan Reservoir.
\nA multiple linear regression approach, using nearby discharge records from unimpounded streams as predictive variables, was applied to estimate natural discharge at the Coldbrook streamgage. Estimated values of natural daily discharge at the Coldbrook streamgage were lower than values of gaged daily discharge throughout the flow range at this site. At moderate- and low-flow conditions, gaged daily-discharge values were about two to three times greater than natural daily-discharge estimates, whereas the difference between the two records was less than 5 percent for the highest 1 percent of daily-discharge values. These results indicate that Shandaken Tunnel discharge has a minor effect on flooding in the Esopus Creek Basin. However, a difference of 5 percent is within the uncertainty of the regression-based natural discharge estimates for Coldbrook; thus, it cannot be stated with certainty that the Tunnel has on average any effect on flow for the highest 1 percent of daily discharge values.
\nNatural discharge at the Mount Marion streamgage was estimated by summing the natural discharge estimated for the Coldbrook streamgage and the discharge estimated for the intervening basin area through application of the New York Streamflow Estimation Tool, recently developed for estimating unaltered streamflow at ungaged locations in the State. Estimates of natural daily discharge at the Mount Marion streamgage were about three times greater than gaged daily discharge throughout the moderate- to low-flow range from October 1, 1970, to September 30, 2012, the period of record for full water years at this streamgage. The relative difference between the two discharge time series declined as flow increased beyond the moderate range, but gaged daily discharge was still 25 to 43 percent less than estimated natural daily discharge for the high-flow metrics calculated in this analysis, and the mean relative difference was 43 percent for the annual 1-day maximum discharge. Overall, these estimates of natural discharge reflect the absence of effects of the Shandaken Tunnel and Ashokan Reservoir on flows in the Esopus Creek over broad time frames. However, caution is warranted if one is attempting to apply the natural estimates at short time scales because the regression prediction intervals indicate that uncertainty at a daily time step ranges from about 40 to 80 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Burns, D.A., and Gazoorian, C.L., 2015, Estimates of natural streamflow at two streamgages on the Esopus Creek, New York, water years 1932 to 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5050, v, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155050.","productDescription":"v, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1931-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-057285","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299831,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155050.jpg"},{"id":299830,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5050/pdf/sir2015-5050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":299829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5050/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Esopus Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 41.81636125072054\n ],\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 42.14507804381756\n ],\n [\n -73.8885498046875,\n 42.14507804381756\n ],\n [\n -73.8885498046875,\n 41.81636125072054\n ],\n [\n -74.57244873046875,\n 41.81636125072054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553a09b7e4b0c1efddaed135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, Douglas A. 0000-0001-6516-2869 daburns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2869","contributorId":1237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"Douglas","email":"daburns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gazoorian, Christopher L. 0000-0002-5408-6212 cgazoori@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5408-6212","contributorId":2929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gazoorian","given":"Christopher","email":"cgazoori@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}