There were no major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during the first two months of the year. Argentina reported the first deaths from an earthquake on January 26 and Iran reported on earthquake-related death on February 2.
\nIn the United States, there were no casualties or damage reported from earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1985, Earthquakes, January-February 1985: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 4, p. 149-152.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"152","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfc6e4b015c306f84c40","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":12026,"text":"ofr84843B - 1985 - Distribution of copper in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-09T21:23:55.469847","indexId":"ofr84843B","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-843","chapter":"B","title":"Distribution of copper in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84843B","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., Whitlow, J.W., Duttweiler, K., Siems, D.F., and Botinelly, T., 1985, Distribution of copper in heavy-mineral-concentrate samples from the Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-843, Report: 4 p.; 2 Plates: 38.17 x 26.14 inches and 37.56 x 26.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84843B.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; 2 Plates: 38.17 x 26.14 inches and 37.56 x 26.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416880,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13585.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":40023,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40022,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":143811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0843b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Charlotte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -80,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, W. R.","contributorId":10428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"W.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitlow, J. W.","contributorId":63810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitlow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duttweiler, K.A.","contributorId":68310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duttweiler","given":"K.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Botinelly, Theodore","contributorId":101253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botinelly","given":"Theodore","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":164726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70184472,"text":"70184472 - 1985 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70184472,"text":"70184472 - 1985 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)","indexId":"70184472","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":5221999,"text":"5221999 - 1985 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","indexId":"5221999","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":5221999,"text":"5221999 - 1985 - Atlantic Flyway review: Region V","indexId":"5221999","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-09T17:18:40","indexId":"70184472","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765)","docAbstract":"My being away nearly all of September and on half the October weekends cut deeply into this season's banding. Totals for permanent residents and winter residents were close to normal, but numbers of the transient species are not at all comparable with other years. The only species that seemed more common than usual was the Northern Cardinal, for which my total of 28 was the second highest in ten years. The Veery and Common Yellowthroat were missed for the first time. I had only 36 returns, of 9 species. The oldest was a 5-year-old White-throated Sparrow. A Yellow Warbler was the 113th species and the 31st species of warbler banded at this station.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.S., 1985, Atlantic Flyway review: Region V: Laurel, Prince Georges County, MD (390-0765): North American Bird Bander, v. 10, no. 2, p. 56-56.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"56","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/nabb.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","county":"Prince George's County","city":"Laurel","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277f9e4b014cc3a3e7708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Chandler S. crobbins@usgs.gov","contributorId":4275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Chandler","email":"crobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187698,"text":"70187698 - 1985 - Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-15T10:37:27","indexId":"70187698","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3007,"text":"Pan-Pacific Entomologist","printIssn":"0031-0603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)","docAbstract":"Increased foraging of an exceptionally abundant, but ephemeral, food source by ants can result from foraging excitement that does not include pheromone trails, tandem running, or from recruitment of other workers along pheromone trails (Carrol and Janzen, 1973). They also provided rationale for two types of short-lived pheromone trails resulting in mass or group recruitment. These both seem to fall into the Type II foraging strategy described by Oster and Wilson (1978). Neither of these discussions conveniently allow for pheromone recruitment by relatively small colonies of a primitive monomorphic species such as Paraponera clavata. Our observations suggest that recruitment to an abundant ephemeral food source does occur naturally and can be induced artificially in colonies of P. clavata.
Paraponera clavata is considered primitive (Wilson, 1958), particularly in foraging habits (Young and Hermann, 1980; Young, 1977). Hermann (1973, 1975) reported the P. clavata, unlike more advanced species, forages independently; following shot periods of apparent group activity outside of the colony (Young and Hermann, 1980). It reportedly does not return to a food source when only part has been harvested. After returning to its colony with booty, a single worker resumes foraging independently, with no observable tendency to return to partially harvested booty or without recruiting additional workers to collect the remaining food (Hermann, 1973; Young and Hermann, 1980). Reports of independent foraging, lack of forager recruitment, and apparent lack of food source fidelity resulted in the assumption that P. clavata probably lacks an effective pheromone trail communication system (Young and Hermann, 1980).
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Coast Entomologial Society","issn":"0031-0603","usgsCitation":"Barrett, B.A., Jorgenson, C.D., and Looman, S.J., 1985, Foraging recruitment by the Giant Tropical Ant Paraponera clavata (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Pan-Pacific Entomologist, v. 61, no. 4, p. 334-338.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"338","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe3be4b0a7fdb43c8c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, Bruce A.","contributorId":120563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrett","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgenson, Clive D.","contributorId":147231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Clive","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Looman, Sandra J. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":179095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Looman","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170298,"text":"70170298 - 1985 - The earthquake hazard mitigation program in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T16:20:45","indexId":"70170298","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The earthquake hazard mitigation program in Massachusetts","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fratto, E.S., 1985, The earthquake hazard mitigation program in Massachusetts: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 5, p. 165-172.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b9e4b0ef3b7ca6444c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fratto, E. S.","contributorId":152668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fratto","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170303,"text":"70170303 - 1985 - Seismology for the user","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T16:33:26","indexId":"70170303","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismology for the user","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fournier d’Albe, E.M., 1985, Seismology for the user: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 1, p. 4-19.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320094,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b7e4b0ef3b7ca64434","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier d’Albe, E. M.","contributorId":168639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier d’Albe","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170308,"text":"70170308 - 1985 - Great Mexican earthquake provides lessons for the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T16:47:53","indexId":"70170308","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Mexican earthquake provides lessons for the United States","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Finley, D., 1985, Great Mexican earthquake provides lessons for the United States: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 5, p. 190-191.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"191","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b1e4b0ef3b7ca643e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finley, D.","contributorId":152665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finley","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70170304,"text":"70170304 - 1985 - Earthquakes in the Balkans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T16:36:35","indexId":"70170304","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes in the Balkans","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fournier d’Albe, E.M., 1985, Earthquakes in the Balkans: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 3, p. 107-109.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210afe4b0ef3b7ca643d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fournier d’Albe, E. M.","contributorId":168639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fournier d’Albe","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013458,"text":"70013458 - 1985 - Genetic interpretation of lead-isotopic data from the Columbia River basalt group, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T13:19:48.401009","indexId":"70013458","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic interpretation of lead-isotopic data from the Columbia River basalt group, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho","docAbstract":"Lead-isotopic signatures of basalts from the Columbia River Basalt Group of central Oregon, Washington, and western Idaho, and of the high-alumina olivine basalts from southeastern Oregon plot mostly in the field of Pb-isotopic data from volcanic rocks of the Cascade Range. In contrast to the mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB), the Pb-isotopic data for several of the formations form small, tight clusters, and the Nd- and Sr-isotopic data show discrete variation between these basalt groups. Pseudoisochrons are not observed. A single model will account for the observed isotopic and trace-element data from samples from most of the Columbia River Basalt Group. This model calls for partial melting of the convecting oceanic-type mantle and mixing with, or contamination by, fluids derived from continental-derived sediments. It requires that crustal components are not only subducted along the trench, but that they are also transported in the low-velocity zone of the mantle at least 400 km behind the active volcanic arc into the back-arc environment represented by the Columbia Plateaus province.
Lead isotopes in the Saddle Mountains Basalt, the youngest formation, suggest that these magmas were formed by partial melting of a 2.6-b.y.-old subcontinental lithosphere that extends as far west as south-central Washington near Ice Harbor Dam. The source material for these flows is characterized by high Th/U, Th/Pb, Rb/Sr, and Nd/Sm ratios and light REE enrichment. An additional component, presumably granitic crust, is necessary to explain the Pb-isotopic data of the Umatilla and perhaps the Pomona Members of the Saddle Mountains Basalt. This contamination model is supported by published δ18O data and petrological interpretation. Published studies of basalts from the Deccan Traps, the Tasmanian dolerites, the Snake River Group, and the volcanics of the Yellowstone Plateau province also suggest that melting of old subcontinental lithosphere beneath the continental crust may be an important process in basalt genesis on a global scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<676:GIOLDF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., 1985, Genetic interpretation of lead-isotopic data from the Columbia River basalt group, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 5, p. 676-690, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<676:GIOLDF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"676","endPage":"690","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219982,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.65665057981707,\n 48.79681398123117\n ],\n [\n -125.65665057981707,\n 41.36535877621472\n ],\n [\n -113.35196307981691,\n 41.36535877621472\n ],\n [\n -113.35196307981691,\n 48.79681398123117\n ],\n [\n -125.65665057981707,\n 48.79681398123117\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"96","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a157be4b0c8380cd54e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180828,"text":"70180828 - 1985 - A histopathological survey of four fish species from the Beaufort Lagoon, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:07:47","indexId":"70180828","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"A histopathological survey of four fish species from the Beaufort Lagoon, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","usgsCitation":"Goldberg, S., Yasutake, W.T., and West, R., 1985, A histopathological survey of four fish species from the Beaufort Lagoon, Alaska.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ee5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldberg, S.R.","contributorId":47975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yasutake, W. T.","contributorId":103222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yasutake","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"West, R.L.","contributorId":40696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180829,"text":"70180829 - 1985 - A model for estimating deficits in the size of spawning stocks for spring Chinook salmon in tributaries of the upper Columbia River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:10:20","indexId":"70180829","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"A model for estimating deficits in the size of spawning stocks for spring Chinook salmon in tributaries of the upper Columbia River basin","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, J., 1985, A model for estimating deficits in the size of spawning stocks for spring Chinook salmon in tributaries of the upper Columbia River basin.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ee3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntyre, J.D.","contributorId":27006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180827,"text":"70180827 - 1985 - Biological and hydrological evaluation of the fish ladder at Brooks River Falls, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:04:32","indexId":"70180827","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Biological and hydrological evaluation of the fish ladder at Brooks River Falls, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English ","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wilmot, R., and Burger, C.V., 1985, Biological and hydrological evaluation of the fish ladder at Brooks River Falls, Alaska.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilmot, R.L.","contributorId":97662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilmot","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, C. V.","contributorId":58219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70164467,"text":"70164467 - 1985 - An interview with Karl Steinbrugge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T11:45:54","indexId":"70164467","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An interview with Karl Steinbrugge","docAbstract":"For thirty years the name of Karl V. Steinbrugge has been synonymous with the Insurance Services Office in San Francisco. There he was in charge of their earthquake engineering and research activities for the United States, and his work included detailed engineering investigations of the probable earthquake damage to structures as well as studies of actual earthquake effects. trained as a civil and structural engineer, Steinbrugge was on faculty of the University of California at Berkeley for 28 years, retiring as a Professor of Structural Design.
\nHe has served on numerous national and international committees on earthquake hazards, and he is now a consulting structural engineer, specializing in earthquake hazard evaluation. At the present moment he is chairman of an independent panel of the Federal Emergency Management Agency that is reviewing the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. Henry Spall recently asked Steinbrugge some questions about his long career.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Spall, H., 1985, An interview with Karl Steinbrugge: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 4, p. 134-147.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"147","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b5d5cbe4b0cc7999817145","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spall, H.","contributorId":99290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180830,"text":"70180830 - 1985 - Smolt quality and the effectiveness of Columbia River hatcheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-03T14:13:46","indexId":"70180830","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Smolt quality and the effectiveness of Columbia River hatcheries","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bonneville Power Administration smoltification workshop","conferenceTitle":"Bonneville Power Administration smoltification workshop","conferenceDate":"May 1985","conferenceLocation":"Warm Springs, OR","language":"English","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, J., 1985, Smolt quality and the effectiveness of Columbia River hatcheries, in Bonneville Power Administration smoltification workshop, Warm Springs, OR, May 1985.","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5895a4d6e4b0fa1e59bc1ee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McIntyre, J.D.","contributorId":27006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIntyre","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012904,"text":"70012904 - 1985 - Geometric accuracy of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012904","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometric accuracy of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images.","docAbstract":"The geometric accuracy of the Landsat Thematic Mappers was assessed by a linear least-square comparison of the positions of conspicuous ground features in digital images with their geographic locations as determined from 1:24 000-scale maps. For a Landsat-5 image, the single-dimension standard deviations of the standard digital product, and of this image with additional linear corrections, are 11.2 and 10.3 m, respectively (0.4 pixel). An F-test showed that skew and affine distortion corrections are not significant. At this level of accuracy, the granularity of the digital image and the probable inaccuracy of the 1:24 000 maps began to affect the precision of the comparison. The tested image, even with a moderate accuracy loss in the digital-to-graphic conversion, meets National Horizontal Map Accuracy standards for scales of 1:100 000 and smaller. Two Landsat-4 images, obtained with the Multispectral Scanner on and off, and processed by an interim software system, contain significant skew and affine distortions. -Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Borgeson, W., Batson, R.M., and Kieffer, H.H., 1985, Geometric accuracy of Landsat-4 and Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images.: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 51, no. 12, p. 1893-1898.","startPage":"1893","endPage":"1898","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222172,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2766e4b0c8380cd59856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borgeson, W.T.","contributorId":47519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borgeson","given":"W.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batson, R. M.","contributorId":76714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kieffer, H. H.","contributorId":40725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kieffer","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012962,"text":"70012962 - 1985 - Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:38:12","indexId":"70012962","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory","docAbstract":"Errors in complex conceptual precipitation-runoff models may be analyzed by placing them into a statistical framework. This amounts to treating the errors as random variables and defining the probabilistic structure of the errors. By using such a framework, a large array of techniques, many of which have been presented in the statistical literature, becomes available to the modeler for quantifying and analyzing the various sources of error. A number of these techniques are reviewed in this paper, with special attention to the peculiarities of hydrologic models. Known methodologies for parameter estimation (calibration) are particularly applicable for obtaining physically meaningful estimates and for explaining how bias in runoff prediction caused by model error and input error may contribute to bias in parameter estimation.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR021i008p01195","usgsCitation":"Troutman, B.M., 1985, Errors and parameter estimation in precipitation-runoff modeling: 1. Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 21, no. 8, p. 1195-1213, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i008p01195.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1195","endPage":"1213","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222047,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0a49e4b0c8380cd522b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":195329,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012916,"text":"70012916 - 1985 - PERMEABILITY CHANGES IN CRYSTALLINE ROCKS DUE TO TEMPERATURE: EFFECTS OF MINERAL ASSEMBLAGE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012916","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PERMEABILITY CHANGES IN CRYSTALLINE ROCKS DUE TO TEMPERATURE: EFFECTS OF MINERAL ASSEMBLAGE.","docAbstract":"The change in permeability with time of granite, quartzite, anorthosite and gabbro was measured while these rocks were subjected to a temperature gradient. Permeability reductions of up to two orders of magnitude were observed, with the greatest reactions occurring in the quartzite. These changes are thought to be caused by dissolution of minerals at high temperatures, and redeposition of the dissolved material at lower temperatures. Quartz appears to be an important mineral in this self-sealing process. If very low permeability is desired around a nuclear waste repository in crystalline rocks, then a quartz-rich rock may be the most appropriate host.","largerWorkTitle":"Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings","conferenceTitle":"Scientific Basis for Nuclear Waste Management VIII. Held as part of the Fall Meeting of the Materials Research Society.","conferenceLocation":"Boston, MA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Materials Research Soc","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","issn":"02729172","isbn":"093183709X","usgsCitation":"Morrow, C., Moore, D., and Byerlee, J., 1985, PERMEABILITY CHANGES IN CRYSTALLINE ROCKS DUE TO TEMPERATURE: EFFECTS OF MINERAL ASSEMBLAGE., in Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings, v. 44, Boston, MA, USA, p. 467-474.","startPage":"467","endPage":"474","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7348e4b0c8380cd76f53","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jantzen Carol M.Stone John A.Ewing Rodney C.","contributorId":128428,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Jantzen Carol M.Stone John A.Ewing Rodney C.","id":536258,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Morrow, C.A.","contributorId":99977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrow","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":106496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byerlee, J.D.","contributorId":69982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012995,"text":"70012995 - 1985 - Digital image transformation and rectification of spacecraft and radar images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T19:46:21","indexId":"70012995","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3050,"text":"Photogrammetria","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Digital image transformation and rectification of spacecraft and radar images","docAbstract":"Digital image transformation and rectification can be described in three categories: (1) digital rectification of spacecraft pictures on workable stereoplotters; (2) digital correction of radar image geometry; and (3) digital reconstruction of shaded relief maps and perspective views including stereograms. Digital rectification can make high-oblique pictures workable on stereoplotters that would otherwise not accommodate such extreme tilt angles. It also enables panoramic line-scan geometry to be used to compile contour maps with photogrammetric plotters. Rectifications were digitally processed on both Viking Orbiter and Lander pictures of Mars as well as radar images taken by various radar systems. By merging digital terrain data with image data, perspective and three-dimensional views of Olympus Mons and Tithonium Chasma, also of Mars, are reconstructed through digital image processing. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetria","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-8663(85)90006-7","issn":"00318663","usgsCitation":"Wu, S., 1985, Digital image transformation and rectification of spacecraft and radar images: Photogrammetria, v. 40, no. 2, p. 119-134, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(85)90006-7.","startPage":"119","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220400,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269810,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(85)90006-7"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0161e4b0c8380cd4fbb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, S.S.C.","contributorId":10421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"S.S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017048,"text":"1017048 - 1985 - Influence on non-aromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibition on sex determination in channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"1017048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"seriesTitle":{"id":463,"text":"American Zoologist","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":18}},"title":"Influence on non-aromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibition on sex determination in channel catfish","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Zoologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"87-118/SE","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., Simco, B., Goudie, C.A., and Snellgrove, R., 1985, Influence on non-aromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibition on sex determination in channel catfish, in American Zoologist, v. 25, no. 4.","productDescription":"115A p.","startPage":"115A","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simco, B.A.","contributorId":101216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simco","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snellgrove, R.","contributorId":34095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snellgrove","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012960,"text":"70012960 - 1985 - ROLE OF STATIC LOAD (OVERBURDEN) PRESSURE IN COALIFICATION OF BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COAL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012960","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLE OF STATIC LOAD (OVERBURDEN) PRESSURE IN COALIFICATION OF BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COAL.","docAbstract":"Tissue from a calcite concretion (coal ball) and attached coal of semianthracite rank from the Belgium Bouxharmont coal bed were analyzed separately by elemental chemical, **1**3C nuclear magnetic resonance, reflectance, and paleobotanical techniques to compare relative degrees of coalification. The results indicate that static load pressure has no perceptible effect on coalification up to and including a rank of semianthracite.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1985 International Conference on Coal Science.","conferenceLocation":"Sydney, Aust","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Sydney, Aust","isbn":"0080298710","usgsCitation":"Lyons, P., Hatcher, P.G., Brown, F.W., Krasnow, M., Larson, R., and Millay, M., 1985, ROLE OF STATIC LOAD (OVERBURDEN) PRESSURE IN COALIFICATION OF BITUMINOUS AND ANTHRACITIC COAL., Proceedings - 1985 International Conference on Coal Science., Sydney, Aust, p. 620-623.","startPage":"620","endPage":"623","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221982,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936be4b0c8380cd80dde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, P.C.","contributorId":87285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, F. W.","contributorId":92653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krasnow, M.R.","contributorId":25952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krasnow","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larson, R.R.","contributorId":29803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Millay, M.A.","contributorId":104624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Millay","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70012914,"text":"70012914 - 1985 - Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-07T16:21:37.730521","indexId":"70012914","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2304,"text":"Journal of Geodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984","docAbstract":"Public statements about volcanic activity at Mount St. Helens include factual statements, forecasts, and predictions. A factual statement describes current conditions but does not anticipate future events. A forecast is a comparatively imprecise statement of the time, place, and nature of expected activity. A prediction is a comparatively precise statement of the time, place, and ideally, the nature and size of impending activity. A prediction usually covers a shorter time period than a forecast and is generally based dominantly on interpretations and measurements of ongoing processes and secondarily on a projection of past history. The three types of statements grade from one to another, and distinctions are sometimes arbitrary.
Forecasts and predictions at Mount St. Helens became increasingly precise from 1975 to 1982. Stratigraphic studies led to a long-range forecast in 1975 of renewed eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, possibly before the end of the century. On the basis of seismic, geodetic and geologic data, general forecasts for a landslide and eruption were issued in April 1980, before the catastrophic blast and landslide on 18 May 1980. All extrusions except two from June 1980 to the end of 1984 were predicted on the basis of integrated geophysical, geochemical, and geologic monitoring. The two extrusions that were not predicted were preceded by explosions that removed a substantial part of the dome, reducing confining pressure and essentially short-circuiting the normal precursors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-3707(85)90044-4","issn":"02643707","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D.A., Casadevall, T.J., Dzurisin, D., Holcomb, R.T., Newhall, C.G., Malone, S.D., and Weaver, C., 1985, Forecasts and predictions of eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens, USA: 1975-1984: Journal of Geodynamics, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 397-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-3707(85)90044-4.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"423","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a131ee4b0c8380cd54518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holcomb, R. T.","contributorId":99146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newhall, C. G.","contributorId":93056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newhall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Malone, S. D.","contributorId":48310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malone","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weaver, C.S.","contributorId":57874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70012864,"text":"70012864 - 1985 - Correlation of the Rockland ash bed, a 400,000-year-old stratigraphic marker in northern California and western Nevada, and implications for middle Pleistocene paleogeography of central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T15:35:40","indexId":"70012864","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation of the Rockland ash bed, a 400,000-year-old stratigraphic marker in northern California and western Nevada, and implications for middle Pleistocene paleogeography of central California","docAbstract":"Outcrops of an ash bed at several localities in northern California and western Nevada belong to a single air-fall ash layer, the informally named Rockland ash bed, dated at about 400,000 yr B.P. The informal Rockland pumice tuff breccia, a thick, coarse, compound tephra deposit southwest of Lassen Peak in northeastern California, is the near-source equivalent of the Rockland ash bed. Relations between initial thickness of the Rockland ash bed and distances to eruptive source suggest that the eruption was at least as great as that of the Mazama ash from Crater Lake, Oregon. Identification of the Rockland tephra allows temporal correlation of associated middle Pleistocene strata of diverse facies in separate depositional basins. Specifically, marine, littoral, estuarine, and fluvial strata of the Hookton and type Merced formations correlate with fluvial strata of the Santa Clara Formation and unnamed alluvium of Willits Valley and the Hollister area, in northwestern and west-central California, and with lacustrine beds of Mohawk Valley, fluvial deposits of the Red Bluff Formation of the eastern Sacramento Valley, and fluvial and glaciofluvial deposits of Fales Hot Spring, Carson City, and Washoe Valley areas in northeastern California and western Nevada. Stratigraphic relations of the Rockland ash bed and older tephra layers in the Great Valley and near San Francisco suggest that the southern Great Valley emerged above sea level about 2 my ago, that its southerly outlet to the ocean was closed sometime after about 2 my ago, and that drainage from the Great Valley to the ocean was established near the present, northerly outlet in the vicinity of San Francisco Bay about 0.6 my ago. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(85)90031-6","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Meyer, C., Bowman, H.R., Timothy, H.N., Russell, P., Woodward, M., and Slate, J.L., 1985, Correlation of the Rockland ash bed, a 400,000-year-old stratigraphic marker in northern California and western Nevada, and implications for middle Pleistocene paleogeography of central California: Quaternary Research, v. 23, no. 2, p. 236-257, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90031-6.","startPage":"236","endPage":"257","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90031-6","text":"External Repository"},{"id":266545,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90031-6"},{"id":222447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc47e4b0c8380cd4e1e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowman, H. R.","contributorId":101626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowman","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Timothy, Hall N.","contributorId":63170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Timothy","given":"Hall","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russell, P.C.","contributorId":102856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Woodward, M.J.","contributorId":57434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Slate, J. L.","contributorId":97039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70012987,"text":"70012987 - 1985 - Low gradient permeability measurements in a triaxial system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T17:54:20.295371","indexId":"70012987","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1825,"text":"Geotechnique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low gradient permeability measurements in a triaxial system","docAbstract":"Permeability measurements were conducted with the flow-pump method on sand, sandy silt and silty clay specimens in a conventional triaxial system by introducing and withdrawing water at known constant flow rates into the base of a specimen with a flow-pump, and by monitoring the head difference induced across the length of the specimen with a sensitive differential pressure transducer. The results show that the previously reported advantages of the flow-pump method, compared with conventional constant head and falling head methods, were realized for permeability measurements in conventional triaxial equipment. These advantages are that direct flow rate measurements are avoided together with the associated errors that arise from the effects of contaminants on capillary menisci and the long periods of time involved in flow rate measurements; permeability measurements can be obtained much more rapidly and at substantially smaller gradients; errors from the small intercept in the otherwise linear flow rate versus hydraulic gradient relationship, and also from seepage-induced permeability changes, can easily be recognized and avoided or minimized. The results further show that the initial transient response of a specimen that precedes the steady state condition needed for a permeability measurement can require a substantial period of time. In this study the response times varied from a fraction of a minute for a sand specimen to more than 200 minutes for a silty clay specimen. Errors in permeability measurements from this transient response can easily be avoided with the flow-pump method but not with constant head and falling head methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Institution of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1680/geot.1985.35.2.145","usgsCitation":"Olsen, H.W., Nichols, R.W., and Rice, T.L., 1985, Low gradient permeability measurements in a triaxial system: Geotechnique, v. 35, no. 2, p. 145-157, https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1985.35.2.145.","startPage":"145","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220285,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40f2e4b0c8380cd65191","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsen, H. W.","contributorId":10060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, R. W.","contributorId":51907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, T. L.","contributorId":11759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012986,"text":"70012986 - 1985 - Stable Carbon Isotopes of HCO3 in the Aquia Aquifer, Maryland: Evidence for an Isotopically Heavy Source of CO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:02:09.047477","indexId":"70012986","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable Carbon Isotopes of HCO3 in the Aquia Aquifer, Maryland: Evidence for an Isotopically Heavy Source of CO2","docAbstract":"Concentrations of HCO3 and δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon change along the hydrologic gradient of the Aquia aquifer. In the outcrop area, meteoric recharge rapidly dissolves carbonate shell material (δ13C ∼ 0.0 per mil) in the presence of soil-gas CO2 (δ13C∼–26 per mil). HCO3 concentrations in this area range from 150-200 mg/1 and δ13C values of dissolved HCO3 are approximately –13.0 per mil. Concentrations of HCO3 decrease gradually (to about 130 mg/1) and δ13C values become slightly heavier (to about –11.4 per mil) as water flows away from the outcrop area. These trends reflect progressive dissolution of metastable carbonate shell material and subsequent precipitation of secondary calcite cement. At about 40 miles downgradient in the flow system, HCO3 concentrations increase sharply (to about 400 mg/1), and δ13C values become significantly heavier (δ13C ∼–6.2 per mil). The observed 1:1 molar ratio of Na+ to HCO-3 in this downgradient water shows that dissolution of isotopically heavy carbonate shell material cannot by itself explain the observed δ13C trend. Rather, the Na:HCO-3 ratio demonstrates that shell material dissolution must take place in the presence of CO2. Because the aquifer in this area is closed to both soil-gas and atmospheric CC>2, an aquifer-generated source of isotopically heavy (δ13C ∼–5.3 per mil) CO2 is implied. Possible sources of aquifer-generated CO2 include bacterially-mediated fermentation of lignitic aquifer materials and bacterially-mediated methanogenesis.