As a part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Landsat D Image Data Quality Analysis Program, the Earth Resources Observation Systems Data Center (EDC) developed procedures to optimize the visual information content of Thematic Mapper data and evaluate the resulting photographic products by visual interpretation. A digital-to-analog transfer function was developed which would properly place the digital values on the most useable portion of a film response curve. Individual black-and-white transparencies generated using the resulting look-up tables were utilized in the production of color-composite images with varying band combinations. Four experienced photointerpreters ranked 2-cm-diameter (0. 75 inch) chips of selected image features of each band combination for ease of interpretability. A nonparametric rank-order test determined the significance of interpreter preference for the band combinations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Engineering Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"McCord, J.R., Binnie, D.R., and Seevers, P.M., 1985, Digital to analog conversion and visual evaluation of Thematic Mapper data: Journal of Imaging Technology, v. 11, no. 3, p. 125-130.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b7ae4b08de9379b33ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCord, James R.","contributorId":17998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCord","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binnie, Douglas R. binnie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Binnie","given":"Douglas","email":"binnie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":539622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seevers, Paul M.","contributorId":66415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seevers","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013098,"text":"70013098 - 1985 - Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:32:02.199057","indexId":"70013098","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California","docAbstract":"The West Shasta massive sulfide district is in the easternmost of a series of accreted island-arc and oceanic crust terranes that comprise the Klamath Mountains. A sequence of submarine volcanic rocks of predominantly Early Devonian age is the principal component of the island-arc terrane in which the sulfide deposits are hosted. The Copley Greenstone, consisting mainly of andesitic and basaltic pillow lavas and breccias totaling at least 1,800 m in thickness, is the oldest rock unit in the sequence. It is overlain and also intruded by dikes of the Balaklala Rhyolite. Northeast of the West Shasta district, greenstone also overlies the Balaklala Rhyolite, suggesting that a major greenstone unit may overlie potentially mineralized rhyolite east of the district. However, recent studies have shown that the complex relations in that area can be explained by folding.The Balaklala sequence consists of silicic flows, breccias, and tuffs having a maximum thickness somewhat in excess of 1,000 m. The Balaklala has been divided by Kinkel et al. (1956) into three units: a lower nonporphyritic to slightly porphyritic unit containing large amounts of breccia and tuff; a middle unit characterized by rhyolite containing quartz phenocrysts 1 to 4 mm in diameter but also containing a complex assortment of tuff, breccia, and pyritic massive sulfide bodies in its upper part; and an upper unit typically containing dark quartz phenocrysts in excess of 4 mm in diameter. Much of the lower part of the upper unit is pyroclastic material, whereas most of the upper part of the unit appears to be a massive volcanic-flow rock. At least half a dozen eruptive centers for the Balaklala Rhyolite are identified, three of them within an area measuring 17 X 3 km that constitutes the limits of the former mining district.The youngest unit in the arc sequence is the Kennett Formation consisting of black shale and chert containing radiolarians, which indicate fairly deep-water deposition in its lower part, and limestone containing a shallow water fauna of probable Middle Devonian age in the upper part. A 400-m.y.-old trondhjemite stock, named the Mule Mountain stock, intrudes the Copley Greenstone and Balaklala Rhyolite and is considered to be essentially coeval with these volcanic units.The pyritic massive sulfide deposits occur in clusters of individual bodies owing in large part to disruption by postmineral faults. The deposits are stratigraphically confined to the upper part of the subhorizontal middle unit of the Balaklala, and their horizontal distribution is here interpreted to have been controlled by an extensional tectonic regime that prevailed during Early Devonian time. The major geologic evidence for such a regime is the marked preferred elongations exhibited by the distribution of the afore-mentioned eruptive centers, the eight or nine massive sulfide clusters in the district, and the geometrically similar distribution of the clusters in relation to each other. The preferred directions of elongation in both the detailed and broader senses may be generalized to N 20 degrees to 25 degrees E, N 37 degrees E, N 60 degrees to 80 degrees E, and N 40 degrees to 60 degrees W. The three northeast trends dominate throughout the district, whereas the northwest trend is evident mainly in the northern part and is more speculative. The major deposit clusters fall at intersections of the major trends, some of which may have been grabens. Trend intersections having no known deposits may be good exploration targets in localities where the stratigraphically favorable middle unit of the Balaklala is still present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2072","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., and Bain, J., 1985, Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2072-2091, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2072.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2072","endPage":"2091","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a577e4b0e8fec6cdbe12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bain, J.H.C.","contributorId":84073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"J.H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70139731,"text":"70139731 - 1985 - Total chemical management in photographic processing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:42:33","indexId":"70139731","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2348,"text":"Journal of Imaging Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Total chemical management in photographic processing","docAbstract":"The mission of the U. S. Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center is to produce high-quality photographs of the earth taken from aircraft and Landsat satellite. In order to meet the criteria of producing research-quality photographs, while at the same time meeting strict environmental restrictions, a total photographic chemical management system was installed. This involved a three-part operation consisting of the design of a modern chemical analysis laboratory, the implementation of a chemical regeneration system, and the installation of a waste treatment system, including in-plant pretreatment and outside secondary waste treatment. Over the last ten years the result of this program has yielded high-quality photographs while saving approximately 30,000 per year and meeting all Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) restrictions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Imaging Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"Luden, C., and Schultz, R., 1985, Total chemical management in photographic processing: Journal of Imaging Technology, v. 11, no. 2, p. 74-82.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"74","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c73e4b08de9379b3805","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luden, Charles","contributorId":138995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luden","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Ronald","contributorId":13815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012748,"text":"70012748 - 1985 - Uranium mineralization in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:40:50.926431","indexId":"70012748","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium mineralization in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico.","docAbstract":"The Mariano Lake and Ruby 1 uranium orebodies, which together comprise much of the uranium ore in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico, occur in sandstones in the lower part of the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. The orebodies, which are offset by faults of Laramide age, are enriched in an amorphous organic material that was introduced into the host sandstone after deposition. The enrichment by this organic material, in ore, is an important characteristic of the primary uranium deposits in the Grants uranium region. However, the close proximity of the chemically reduced ore zones to oxidized rock is suggestive that the deposits represent accumulations of uranium redistributed by reduction-oxidation processes from preexisting primary deposits.Within the ores, whole-rock abundances of organic carbon correlate positively with uranium contents. This correlation is consistent with petrologic evidence which indicates that uranium is everywhere intimately admixed with the amorphous organic material. Ore zones are also enriched in vanadium (as ore-stage vanadiferous chlorite) and sulfur (as ore-stage iron disulfide minerals with delta 34 S values ranging from -29 to -42ppm).Petrographic observations demonstrate that Smith Lake uranium mineralization occurred early (before major burial compaction) in the paragenetic sequence of host-rock diagenetic alterations but was preceded by precipitation of authigenic iron disulfides (delta 34 S values ranging from -11 to -38ppm), mixed-layered smectite-illite clays, and potassium feldspars.Additional preore alterations included dissolution of detrital sanidine and plagioclase and the leaching of iron from detrital iron-titanium oxide grains. Following mineralization, varying amounts of authigenic calcite and barite formed, both of which were partly replaced by kaolinitc. Oxidation of some previously formed iron disulfide minerals occurred late in the paragenetic sequence, as did localized precipitation of native selenium, pyrite, and very minor amounts of uranium minerals.The positive correlation between contents of uranium and organic carbon and the admixture of uranium with the amorphous organic material indicates that the Mariano Lake and Ruby 1 deposits are primary-type uranium orebodies. The offset of orebodies by Laramide faults and radiometric age determinations of the ores are also consistent with a primary origin for the deposits. Late Tertiary oxygenated ground waters locally modified original chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the ores in part by leaching some uranium. Secondary uranium minerals precipitated from the partly leached primary ores are sparse in the mine area; such recycled uranium appears to represent an insignificant proportion of the total uranium in the Smith Lake district.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.5.1348","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Fishman, N., Reynolds, R.L., and Robertson, J., 1985, Uranium mineralization in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico.: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1348-1364, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.5.1348.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1364","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdc2e4b08c986b3291eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, J. F.","contributorId":11194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013048,"text":"70013048 - 1985 - The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T16:38:35","indexId":"70013048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","docAbstract":"An 800-km 2 area of rough topography around the head of Hudson Canyon off the eastern United States is attributed to erosion by tilefish ( Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps ) and associated species of crustaceans. The rough topography has a relief of 1-10 m, occurs in water depths of 120-500 m, and has been cut into a semilithified, silty clay substrate since the onset of the Holocene transgression. Commercial fishing activity indicates that a large population of tilefish, which dig burrows in the sea floor, occupy the area of the rough topography. Average tilefish burrows are 1.6 m in diameter and 1.7 m in depth. They have a clustered, not uniform, distribution, and their average density is 2,500 per km 2 . The close match of areas of rough topography and high tilefish populations, the active burrowing of the sea floor, and the clustered distribution of the burrows suggest that the hummocky topography in this area may be the result of continuous erosion by tilefish and associated crustaceans during the Holocene. An erosion rate of 13 cm per 1,000 years is necessary to create this topography during the past 13,000 years--and 18 cm per 1,000 years if(as is more likely based on the depths at which tilefish presently are found) the erosion started 9,000 years ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Grimes, C.B., Jones, R.S., and Able, K., 1985, The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.6,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -72.6,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -72.6,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6be4b08c986b32479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, R. S.","contributorId":26288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013053,"text":"70013053 - 1985 - Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013053","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology","docAbstract":"During the north-east rift eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, on 25 March-14 April 1984 (Fig. 1), microphenocryst contents of erupted lava increased from 0.5 to 30% without concurrent change in either bulk magma composition or eruption temperature (1,140 ?? 3 ??C). The crystallization of the microphenocrysts is interpreted here as being due to undercooling of the magma 20-30 ??C below its liquidas; the undercooling probably resulted from separation and release of volatiles as the magma migrated 12 km from the primary summit reservoir to the eruption site on the north-east rift zone. Such crystallization of magma during an eruption has not been documented previously. The undercooling and crystallization increased the effective viscosity of the magma, leading to decreased eruption rates and stagnation of the lava flow. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/317604a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., Banks, N., and Rhodes, J., 1985, Degassing-induced crystallization of basaltic magma and effects on lava rheology: Nature, v. 317, no. 6038, p. 604-607, https://doi.org/10.1038/317604a0.","startPage":"604","endPage":"607","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205018,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/317604a0"},{"id":220227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"317","issue":"6038","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe50e4b0c8380cd4ec78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banks, N.G.","contributorId":60635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"N.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rhodes, J.M.","contributorId":31110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139920,"text":"70139920 - 1985 - Processes on a glacier-dominated coast, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T14:41:46","indexId":"70139920","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3804,"text":"Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Processes on a glacier-dominated coast, Alaska","docAbstract":"The 500 km long Gulf of Alaska coastline between Cape Suckling and Cape Spencer can be characterized by constant rapid change in an environment of glaciers, stormy climate, high relief, and extreme oceanographic parameters. During a more than 200-year history of observation, bays have completely filled with sediment, new bays have appeared, glaciers have advanced and retreated as much as 40 km, streams have been captured, and spits have grown as much as 10 km in length, earthquakes have uplifted the coast as much as 15 m, and in general, few features have been static. More than 250 km of coastline have undergone erosion and retreat, with maximum retreat exceeding 4 km at Icy Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Schweizerbart Science Publishers","usgsCitation":"Molnia, B.F., 1985, Processes on a glacier-dominated coast, Alaska: Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 57, no. 4, p. 141-153.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.36816406249997,\n 54.92714186454645\n ],\n [\n -157.36816406249997,\n 61.05828537037916\n ],\n [\n -131.3525390625,\n 61.05828537037916\n ],\n [\n -131.3525390625,\n 54.92714186454645\n ],\n [\n -157.36816406249997,\n 54.92714186454645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c2de4b08de9379b368c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. bmolnia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"bmolnia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":410,"text":"National Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013052,"text":"70013052 - 1985 - A nomogram for interpreting slope stability of fine-grained deposits in modern and ancient-marine environments.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T11:17:03.144979","indexId":"70013052","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A nomogram for interpreting slope stability of fine-grained deposits in modern and ancient-marine environments.","docAbstract":"Design of the nomogram is based on effective stress and combines consolidation theory as applicable to depositional environments with the infinite-slope model of slope-stability analysis. The link between the two combined theories is a term representing the effective overburden stress, which may be predicted from consolidation theory and a knowledge of sedimentation rate, time, and the coefficient of consolidation. In turn, if infinite-slope conditions are assumed to exist, the effective overburden stress can be used to derive a factor of safety against static slope failure by using the angle of internal friction and the slope angle. The nomogram applies to depostitional settings in which fine-grained sediment has accumulated at a relatively constant rate upon a base that is essentially impermeable. The model further assumes that the lateral extent of sediment affected by any mass movement will be great compared to its thickness and that no outside agents (e.g., cements, gas) are influencing the section. The nomogram is applicable to static conditions (inherent stability of the slope) and certain dynamic conditions (such as earthquakes). It may be used to investigate mass movements in the geologic past as well as those in modern environments.--Modified journal abstract.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00135a009","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Jackson, L.L., Engleman, E., and Peard, J.L., 1985, Determination of total sulfur in lichens and plants by combustion-infrared analysis: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 19, no. 5, p. 437-441, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00135a009.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"441","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220067,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffdfe4b0c8380cd4f440","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, L. L.","contributorId":39366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engleman, E.E.","contributorId":9253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engleman","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peard, J. L.","contributorId":66674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012958,"text":"70012958 - 1985 - Insights on why graphic correlation (Shaw's method) works: A reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:25:46.05982","indexId":"70012958","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Insights on why graphic correlation (Shaw's method) works: A reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628970","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., 1985, Insights on why graphic correlation (Shaw's method) works: A reply: Journal of Geology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 507-509, https://doi.org/10.1086/628970.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"507","endPage":"509","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":221980,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c22e4b0c8380cd62acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1017048,"text":"1017048 - 1985 - Influence on non-aromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibition on sex determination in channel catfish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:34","indexId":"1017048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"seriesTitle":{"id":463,"text":"American Zoologist","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":18}},"title":"Influence on non-aromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibition on sex determination in channel catfish","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Zoologist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"87-118/SE","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.B., Simco, B., Goudie, C.A., and Snellgrove, R., 1985, Influence on non-aromatizable androgens and aromatase inhibition on sex determination in channel catfish, in American Zoologist, v. 25, no. 4.","productDescription":"115A p.","startPage":"115A","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132764,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee574","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, K. B.","contributorId":83869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simco, B.A.","contributorId":101216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simco","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goudie, C. A.","contributorId":97851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goudie","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snellgrove, R.","contributorId":34095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snellgrove","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012986,"text":"70012986 - 1985 - Stable Carbon Isotopes of HCO3 in the Aquia Aquifer, Maryland: Evidence for an Isotopically Heavy Source of CO2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T23:02:09.047477","indexId":"70012986","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable Carbon Isotopes of HCO3 in the Aquia Aquifer, Maryland: Evidence for an Isotopically Heavy Source of CO2","docAbstract":"Concentrations of HCO3 and δ13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon change along the hydrologic gradient of the Aquia aquifer. In the outcrop area, meteoric recharge rapidly dissolves carbonate shell material (δ13C ∼ 0.0 per mil) in the presence of soil-gas CO2 (δ13C∼–26 per mil). HCO3 concentrations in this area range from 150-200 mg/1 and δ13C values of dissolved HCO3 are approximately –13.0 per mil. Concentrations of HCO3 decrease gradually (to about 130 mg/1) and δ13C values become slightly heavier (to about –11.4 per mil) as water flows away from the outcrop area. These trends reflect progressive dissolution of metastable carbonate shell material and subsequent precipitation of secondary calcite cement. At about 40 miles downgradient in the flow system, HCO3 concentrations increase sharply (to about 400 mg/1), and δ13C values become significantly heavier (δ13C ∼–6.2 per mil). The observed 1:1 molar ratio of Na+ to HCO-3 in this downgradient water shows that dissolution of isotopically heavy carbonate shell material cannot by itself explain the observed δ13C trend. Rather, the Na:HCO-3 ratio demonstrates that shell material dissolution must take place in the presence of CO2. Because the aquifer in this area is closed to both soil-gas and atmospheric CC>2, an aquifer-generated source of isotopically heavy (δ13C ∼–5.3 per mil) CO2 is implied. Possible sources of aquifer-generated CO2 include bacterially-mediated fermentation of lignitic aquifer materials and bacterially-mediated methanogenesis.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C183:SPOZIF%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Parmley, D.C., and Geiger, J.G., 1985, Succession patterns of zooplankton in fertilized culture ponds without fish: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 47, no. 3, p. 183-186, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1985)47%3C183:SPOZIF%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131944,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db69992d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parmley, D. C.","contributorId":50112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parmley","given":"D.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Geiger, J. G.","contributorId":29340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012929,"text":"70012929 - 1985 - Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:10","indexId":"70012929","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships","docAbstract":"The Ascutney Mountain igneous complex in eastern Vermont, USA, is composed of three principal units with compositions ranging from gabbro to granite. Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships for mafic rocks, granites, and nearby gneissic and schistose country rock have been investigated in order to describe the petrogenesis of the mafic suite which ranges from gabbro to diorite. The entire complex appears to have been formed within a short interval 122.2??1.2 m.y. ago. The granites with ??18O near +7.8??? had an initial 87Sr/86Sr of 0.70395(??6) which is indistinguishable from the initial ratio of the most primitive gabbro. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and ??18O values for the mafic rocks range from 0.7039 to 0.7057 and +6.1 to +8.6???, respectively. The isotopic ratios are highly correlated with major element trends and reflect considerable crustal contamination of a mantle-derived basaltic parent magma. The likely contaminant was Precambrian gneiss similar to exposed bedrock into which the basic rocks were emplaced. A new approach to modelling of assimilation during the formation of a cogenetic igneous rock suite is illustrated. Chemical and isotopic modelling indicate that the mafic rocks were produced by simultaneous assimilation and fractional crystallization. The relative amounts of fractionation and assimilation varied considerably. The mafic suite was not produced by a single batch of magma undergoing progressive contamination; rather, the various rocks probably were derived from separate batches of magma each of which followed a separate course of evolution. The late stage granite was apparently derived from basaltic magma by fractionation with little or no crustal assimilation. The early intrusive phases are much more highly contaminated than the final one. The observed relationships have important implications for the formation of comagmatic complexes and for isotopic modelling of crustal contamination. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00384712","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Foland, K., Henderson, C., and Gleason, J., 1985, Petrogenesis of the magmatic complex at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, USA - I. Assimilation of crust by mafic magmas based on Sr and O isotopic and major element relationships: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 331-345, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00384712.","startPage":"331","endPage":"345","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205251,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384712"},{"id":222509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7784e4b0c8380cd784ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Foland, K.A.","contributorId":13357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foland","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henderson, C.M.B.","contributorId":41970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"C.M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gleason, J.","contributorId":16975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleason","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012901,"text":"70012901 - 1985 - Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T18:44:30","indexId":"70012901","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2208,"text":"Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite)","docAbstract":"Pyrolusite (MnO2), hausmanite (Mn3O4), and bixbyite (Mn2O3), are important ore minerals of manganese and accurate values for their thermodynamic properties are desirable to understand better the {p(O2), T} conditions of their formation. To provide accurate values for the entropies of these important manganese minerals, we have measured their heat capacities between approximately 5 and 380 K using a fully automatic adiabatically-shielded calorimeter. All three minerals are paramagnetic above 100 K and become antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic at lower temperatures. This transition is expressed by a sharp ??-type anomaly in Cpmo for each compound with Ne??el temperatures TN of (92.2??0.2), (43.1??0.2), and (79.45??0.05) K for MnO2, Mn3O4, and Mn2O3, respectively. In addition, at T ??? 308 K, Mn2O3 undergoes a crystallographic transition, from orthorhombic (at low temperatures) to cubic. A significant thermal effect is associated with this change. Hausmanite is ferrimagnetic below TN and in addition to the normal ??-shape of the heat-capacity maxima in MnO2 and Mn2O3, it has a second rounded maximum at 40.5 K. The origin of this subsidiary bump in the heat capacity is unknown but may be related to a similar \"anomalous bump\" in the curve of magnetization against temperature at about 39 K observed by Dwight and Menyuk.(1) At 298.15 K the standard molar entropies of MnO2, Mn3O4, and Mn2O3, are (52.75??0.07), (164.1??0.2), and (113.7??0.2) J??K-1??mol-1, respectively. Our value for Mn3O4 is greater than that adopted in the National Bureau of Standards tables(2) by 14 per cent. ?? 1985.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2","issn":"00219614","usgsCitation":"Robie, R.A., and Hemingway, B.S., 1985, Low-temperature molar heat capacities and entropies of MnO2 (pyrolusite), Mn3O4 (hausmanite), and Mn2O3 (bixbyite): Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, v. 17, no. 2, p. 165-181, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2.","startPage":"165","endPage":"181","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269087,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(85)90069-2"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4a62e4b0c8380cd68d0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012909,"text":"70012909 - 1985 - A comparative study of stream water and stream sediment as geochemical exploration media in the Rio Tanama porphyry copper district, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:15:29.678761","indexId":"70012909","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparative study of stream water and stream sediment as geochemical exploration media in the Rio Tanama porphyry copper district, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Seismic reflection profiles and long- and medium-range sidescan sonar were used to investigate a salt diapir complex and area of slope instability near the base of the Continental Slope off North Carolina. Within the area of investigation three diapirs are bounded on their upslope side by a scarp 60 m high and 50 km long. The slope above the scarp is characterized by a series of shallow rotational normal faults. The bottom below the scarp is furrowed by slide tracks, which were probably carved by large blocks that broke off the scarp face and slid downslope leaving rubble and scree lobes. Extensive slumping in this area appears to be a result of uplift and faulting associated with salt intrusion, which has fractured and oversteepened the slope leading to instability and failure. Sharply defined slide tracks suggest that slope failure above the breached diapir complex is a continuing process, in contrast to much of the surrounding slope area where few instability features were observed.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(85)90016-9","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Cashman, K.V., and Popenoe, P., 1985, Slumping and shallow faulting related to the presence of salt on the Continental Slope and rise off North Carolina: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 260-271, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(85)90016-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"260","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Carolina Trough, Continental Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 31\n ],\n [\n -73,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -79,\n 31\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9178e4b08c986b31990d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashman, K. V.","contributorId":16831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Popenoe, P.","contributorId":105434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Popenoe","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012993,"text":"70012993 - 1985 - Subdivision of thick sedimentary units into layers for simulation of groundwater flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:57:49.484978","indexId":"70012993","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subdivision of thick sedimentary units into layers for simulation of groundwater flow","docAbstract":"Subdividing thick sedimentary units into model layers based solely on stratigraphy can lead to serious violation of groundwater flow modeling restraints and produce erroneous results. Borehole geophysical data can be used to suggest relative permeabilities and delineate model layers that are more likely to have uniform hydraulic properties than layers delineated by stratigraphic definitions alone. The uniformity within layers emphasizes the permeability contrast between layers, thereby allowing a quasi three-dimensional approach. These methods are applied to the thick sedimentary units of the Gulf Coastal Plain, USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Weiss, J.S., and Williamson, A.K., 1985, Subdivision of thick sedimentary units into layers for simulation of groundwater flow: Groundwater, v. 23, no. 6, p. 767-774.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"767","endPage":"774","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d0ce4b08c986b31d5f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, J. S.","contributorId":63414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, A. K.","contributorId":57872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012985,"text":"70012985 - 1985 - Magnitude and seismic moment scales in western Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-28T15:58:11.785997","indexId":"70012985","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magnitude and seismic moment scales in western Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China","docAbstract":"Magnitude and seismic moment scales in western Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0750061599","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Li, Y., Fischer, F., and Jin, Y., 1985, Magnitude and seismic moment scales in western Yunnan, Peoples Republic of China: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 75, no. 6, p. 1599-1612, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0750061599.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1599","endPage":"1612","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","volume":"75","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aaee4b0c8380cd68f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Yizheng","contributorId":40726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Yizheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischer, F.G.","contributorId":41013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"F.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jin, Yafu","contributorId":107853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jin","given":"Yafu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012969,"text":"70012969 - 1985 - ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012969","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES.","docAbstract":"The quantity of heavy hydrocarbons - heavy crude oil and natural bitumens - known or surmised to be present in the earth is large. The total is estimated to fall in the range of 5,879,712-5,942,139 million barrels. The portion of this that may ultimately prove recoverable is small, perhaps on the order of 500,000 million barrels of heavy crude oil and 200,000 million barrels of bitumen.","conferenceTitle":"Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"UNITAR/UNDP Information Cent for Heavy Crude & Tar Sands","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","usgsCitation":"Meyer, R.F., and Schenk, C.J., 1985, ESTIMATE OF WORLD HEAVY CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL BITUMEN RESOURCES., Third International Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 175-191.","startPage":"175","endPage":"191","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0467e4b0c8380cd50971","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Richard F.","contributorId":67963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schenk, Christopher J. 0000-0002-0248-7305 schenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-7305","contributorId":826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Christopher","email":"schenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012935,"text":"70012935 - 1985 - Cemented horizon in subarctic Alaskan sand dunes: Discussion and reply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-08T17:11:06.985886","indexId":"70012935","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cemented horizon in subarctic Alaskan sand dunes: Discussion and reply","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.285.2.186","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J., Koster, E.A., Hamilton, T.D., and Cox, G.W., 1985, Cemented horizon in subarctic Alaskan sand dunes: Discussion and reply: American Journal of Science, v. 285, no. 2, p. 186-191, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.2.186.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"186","endPage":"191","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480172,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.285.2.186","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":222567,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Great Kobuk Sand Dunes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.92579581093142,\n 67.5503353488102\n ],\n [\n -160.45284129336503,\n 67.5503353488102\n ],\n [\n -160.45284129336503,\n 67.0572848925232\n ],\n [\n -158.92579581093142,\n 67.0572848925232\n ],\n [\n -158.92579581093142,\n 67.5503353488102\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"285","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0202e4b0c8380cd4fe44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, J. P.","contributorId":19142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koster, E. A.","contributorId":46543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koster","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cox, George W.","contributorId":302269,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cox","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":863902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184257,"text":"70184257 - 1985 - Vertical transmission of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): Isolation of virus from dead eggs and fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T10:33:29","indexId":"70184257","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vertical transmission of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): Isolation of virus from dead eggs and fry","docAbstract":"The control of epizootics of infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) virus in salmonid fishes is presently based on examination and certification of adult brood fish to prevent the introduction of virus-infected eggs into hatcheries (Canadian Fisheries and Marine Service 1976; McDaniel 1979). This strategy is based on the assumption that the virus is vertically transmitted in association with the gametes. However, evidence for vertical transmission of IHN virus is circumstantial, based mostly on the appearance of the disease outside the enzootic area (the west coast of North America) in fish hatched from eggs obtained from within that area (Plumb 1972; Holway & Smith 1973; Wolf, Quimby, Pettijohn & Landolt 1973; Sano, Nishimura, Okamoto, Yamazaki, Hanada & Watanabe1977; Carlisle, Schat & Elston 1979). An indirect demonstration of vertical transmission was made by placing known virus-free fish in the water above and below raceways containing fish that suffered an IHN epizootic in an effort to eliminate waterborne virus as a source of infection (Wingfield & Chan 1970). The fish placed below the raceway developed IHN, due to waterborne virus released from the affected fish in the raceway, but the fish placed above the raceway failed to develop IHN. These results suggested that the source of infection of the fish in the raceway was not the water supply, although it is possible that the virus was no longer present in the water supply at the time the sentinel fish were exposed to the water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.1985.tb00962.x","usgsCitation":"Mulcahy, D., and Pascho, R., 1985, Vertical transmission of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka): Isolation of virus from dead eggs and fry: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 8, no. 4, p. 393-396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1985.tb00962.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be834fe4b014cc3a3a9a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulcahy, D.","contributorId":82642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pascho, R.J.","contributorId":65796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pascho","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}