Continuing studies are being made in west-central Kansas to provide up-to-date information that will aid in the management of groundwater for irrigation. This report, prepared by the U.S> Geological Survey in cooperation with the Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1, presents the results of the seventh in a series of studies that uses a statistical technique, called kriging, to produce hydrologic maps.
The kriging technique interpolates water-level altitudes at the center of each 1-square-mile section in the study area on the basis of water-level measurements from 164 observation wells. For this study, measurements made at each site during the winter months of 1985, 1986, and 1987 were averaged. These interpolated altitudes (1859 in all), along with bedrock-surface and base-year water-level altitudes were used to prepare a hydrologic map that illustrates percentage change in saturated thickness.
Saturated thickness, as used in this report, is the thickness of the High Plains Aquifer between the groundwater surface, as indicated by water-level altitudes, and the bedrock surface. Because irrigation development in west-central Kansas was minimal prior to 1950, the saturated thickness during 1950 represented a nearly static condition in the aquifer. Thus, the decrease in saturated thickness of the aquifer since 1950 is related to the effects of irrigation withdrawals on the volume of water in storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874252","usgsCitation":"Dague, B.J., 1987, Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1985-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4252, 52.75 x 31.28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874252.","productDescription":"52.75 x 31.28 inches","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":167925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359034,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4252/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -100.245,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -100.25,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b58e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dague, Barbara J.","contributorId":84811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dague","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28457,"text":"wri824117 - 1987 - Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri824117","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4117","title":"Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Quantity of runoff and peak discharge from one small basin in the White Tail Butte area, determined from a calibrated rainfall-runoff model, is less than the quantity computed using results of a regional study. The difference is caused by the extensive beds of exposed, permeable clinker in the area. Potentiometric surfaces in the White Tail Butte area indicate that, regionally, it is a discharge area. This is consistent with the conceptual model developed elsewhere in Campbell County , Wyo. The chemical quality of water from springs and alluvium, however, is characteristic of water found in recharge areas, so movement of water in the regional system is apparently small compared to local recharge. If surface coal mining occurs in the area, the principal adverse impact to the groundwater system would be the destruction of springs and seeps in the mined area. These could be restored with special reclamation procedures. There are adequate quantities of water of suitable quality for stock or domestic use below the coal so postreclamation supplies could be obtained. Impacts of surface mining on runoff could not be evaluated, but sensitivity of runoff to infiltration indicates a 10% change in runoff for a 1% change in infiltration. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824117","usgsCitation":"Lowry, M., and Rankl, J., 1987, Hydrology of the White Tail Butte area, northern Campbell County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4117, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824117.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118937,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4117/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57259,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4117/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowry, M.E.","contributorId":55807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rankl, J.G.","contributorId":107733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28264,"text":"wri874132 - 1987 - Method for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on unregulated rural streams in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T14:40:11","indexId":"wri874132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4132","title":"Method for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on unregulated rural streams in Iowa","docAbstract":"This report provides techniques and procedures for estimating the probable magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on Iowa streams. Physiographic characteristics were used to define the boundaries of five hydrologic regions. Regional regression equations that relate the size of the drainage area to flood magnitude are defined for estimating peak discharges having specified recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. Regional regression equations are applicable to sites on streams that have drainage areas ranging from 0.04- to 5,150 square miles provided that the streams are not affected significantly by regulation upstream from the sites and that the drainage areas upstream from the sites are not mostly urban areas. Flood-frequency characteristics for the mains terns of selected rivers are presented in graphs as a function of drainage area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City","doi":"10.3133/wri874132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation, Highway Division, Highway Research Board","usgsCitation":"Lara, O.G., 1987, Method for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods at ungaged sites on unregulated rural streams in Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4132, 34 p.: ill., map; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874132.","productDescription":"34 p.: ill., map; 28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57086,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57087,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629eef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lara, O. G.","contributorId":31001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lara","given":"O.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16018,"text":"ofr87228 - 1987 - Water-resources report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas District, 1973-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-12T14:37:51","indexId":"ofr87228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-228","title":"Water-resources report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas District, 1973-1986","docAbstract":"Since 1973, personnel of the Texas District, Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey have written and published approximately 300 reports concerning the water resources of Texas. These reports vary considerably in subject matter, complexity, format, desired audience, and publication outlet. Some of the reports have been published in different outlets of U.S. Geological Survey formal report series Professional Paper, Water-Supply Paper, and Hydrologic Investigations Atlas and informal report series Water-Resources Investigations, Open-File, and Water-Data Reports. Some have been published by cooperating agencies (hereinafter called \"Cooperator-Published Reports\") in their prescribed report series; occasionally, some reports are published both in a U.S. Geological Survey series and a cooperating agency series.
\nThis compilation lists reports prepared and published by the Texas District during 1973 through 1986 and is a continuation of a previous report, WRIR 20-75, which listed reports released and published during 1887-1974 (Friebele, 1975). Also included in this compilation are some reports published in 1973 and 1974 and a complete listing of Edwards Underground Water District bulletins and reports which were omitted from WRIR 20-75.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87228","usgsCitation":"1987, Water-resources report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, Texas District, 1973-1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-228, iii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87228.","productDescription":"iii, 40 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":44960,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":147923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0228/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4ded","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Sladek, Gail J. gjsladek@usgs.gov","contributorId":1005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sladek","given":"Gail","email":"gjsladek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":645384,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29745,"text":"wri824010 - 1987 - Ground-water hydrology of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri824010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"82-4010","title":"Ground-water hydrology of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington","docAbstract":"A groundwater flow model was constructed for the Toppenish Creek basin aquifer system in eastern Washington. Flow was simulated in three aquifer units: (1) the confined old valley fill and shallow basalt (unit 2); (2) the underlying primary basalt (unit 3); and (3) the deep basalt (unit 4). Water levels in the overlying unconfined alluvial aquifer (unit 1) were held fixed. Calibrated transmissivities ranged from 0.01 to 0.48 foot squared per second. Calibrated storage coefficients were 0.0004 to 0.006. The confining-bed leakance ranged from 2.0 x 10 to the minus 11th power to 2.5 x 10 to the minus 10th power feet per second per foot. Under steady-state conditions (1954) annual natural recharge was about 29,000 acre-ft underflow from adjacent basins. Annual pumpage increased from less than 500 acre-ft in 1954 to an average of 19,600 acre-ft for 1971 and 1972. Pumpage caused simulated declines in unit 3 of up to 95 ft for 1955-72. Projected annual declines from 1973-77 using 1971-72 pumpage were about 0.5-1.5 ft in unit 2 and 0.2-1.5 ft in unit 3. The corresponding declines from 1978-82 were 0.2-1.2 ft and 0.2-0.8 ft, respectively. Using 1971-72 pumpage plus 12 ,400 acre-ft per year from unit 3, the calculated annual declines from 1978-82 were 1-36 ft in unit 2 and 4-20 ft in unit 3. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri824010","usgsCitation":"Skrivan, J., 1987, Ground-water hydrology of the Toppenish Creek basin, Yakima Indian Reservation, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 82-4010, vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri824010.","productDescription":"vi, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122648,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4010/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58544,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1982/4010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db6986b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skrivan, J.A.","contributorId":107743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skrivan","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15640,"text":"ofr8737 - 1987 - Preliminary hydrologic data for wells tested in Nash Draw, near the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr8737","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-37","title":"Preliminary hydrologic data for wells tested in Nash Draw, near the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Hydrologic testing was conducted at wells WIPP-25, WIPP-26, WIPP-27, WIPP-28, WIPP-29, and WIPP-30 in Nash Draw near the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in southeastern New Mexico. The three water-bearing zones tested were the Magenta Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation, Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation, and the Rustler Formation-Salado Formation contact zone. Inflatable packers were used in a variety of test configurations. Tests conducted include bailing, recovery after perforation, shut in, slug, flow, and pressure pulse. Water pressure response in the tested zone was monitored by a pressure-transducer system. Preliminary hydrologic-test data are tabulated in chronological order for each well. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8737","usgsCitation":"Richey, S.F., 1987, Preliminary hydrologic data for wells tested in Nash Draw, near the proposed Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site, southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-37, iv, 131 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8737.","productDescription":"iv, 131 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0037/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44604,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richey, S. F.","contributorId":98740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richey","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15528,"text":"ofr87680 - 1987 - Preprocessor and postprocessor computer programs for a radial-flow finite-element model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr87680","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-680","title":"Preprocessor and postprocessor computer programs for a radial-flow finite-element model","docAbstract":"Preprocessing and postprocessing computer programs that enhance the utility of the U.S. Geological Survey radial-flow model have been developed. The preprocessor program: (1) generates a triangular finite element mesh from minimal data input, (2) produces graphical displays and tabulations of data for the mesh , and (3) prepares an input data file to use with the radial-flow model. The postprocessor program is a version of the radial-flow model, which was modified to (1) produce graphical output for simulation and field results, (2) generate a statistic for comparing the simulation results with observed data, and (3) allow hydrologic properties to vary in the simulated region. Examples of the use of the processor programs for a hypothetical aquifer test are presented. Instructions for the data files, format instructions, and a listing of the preprocessor and postprocessor source codes are given in the appendixes. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87680","usgsCitation":"Pucci, A.A., and Pope, D., 1987, Preprocessor and postprocessor computer programs for a radial-flow finite-element model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-680, v, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87680.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147799,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44486,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44487,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0680/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db66915c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pucci, A. A. Jr.","contributorId":100000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pucci","given":"A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pope, D. A.","contributorId":13991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":15527,"text":"ofr87202 - 1987 - Streamflow and cross-section data for the Tombigbee River between Gainesville and Demopolis locks and dams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:02","indexId":"ofr87202","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-202","title":"Streamflow and cross-section data for the Tombigbee River between Gainesville and Demopolis locks and dams","docAbstract":"A review of records and historical research of floods indicate that the flood of April 15-18, 1979, was the highest recorded this century along the reach of the Tombigbee River that is now bounded upstream by Gainesville Lock and Dam and downstream by Demopolis Lock and Dam. The peak discharge during this flood ranged from 247,000 cu ft/sec at Epes to 343,000 cu ft/sec at Demopolis Lock and Dam. Limit curves developed for the tailwater of Gainesville Dam, based on 105 computed discharges for four flood events since April 1979, show the range in stage for a given discharge at this site. Data from hydrographic surveys that were made for more than 100 sedimentation ranges in 1971 are on file with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Presently 42 sedimentation ranges between Gainesville Lock and Dam and Demopolis Lock and Dam are surveyed routinely. Comparison of these and other data can be made in order to observe what changes have occurred along this reach of the river, as a result of natural and man-made causes. These and other hydrologic data collected along the reach of the Tombigbee River between Gainesville Lock and Dam and Demopolis Lock and Dam are presented in tables. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr87202","usgsCitation":"Psinakis, W.L., and Gardner, R.A., 1987, Streamflow and cross-section data for the Tombigbee River between Gainesville and Demopolis locks and dams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-202, v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87202.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0202/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":44485,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0202/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4f63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Psinakis, W. L.","contributorId":104074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Psinakis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, R. A.","contributorId":51754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174325,"text":"70174325 - 1987 - Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 1. Pelagic bacterial heterotrophy and biomass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:32:26","indexId":"70174325","displayToPublicDate":"1988-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 1. Pelagic bacterial heterotrophy and biomass","docAbstract":"Bacterial activities and abundance were measured seasonally in the water column of meromictic Big Soda Lake which is divided into three chemically distinct zones: aerobic mixolimnion, anaerobic mixolimnion, and anaerobic monimolimnion. Bacterial abundance ranged between 5 and 52 x 106 cells ml−1, with highest biomass at the interfaces between these zones: 2–4 mg C liter−1 in the photosynthetic bacterial layer (oxycline) and 0.8–2.0 mg C liter−1 in the chemocline. Bacterial cell size and morphology also varied with depth: small coccoid cells were dominant in the aerobic mixolimnion, whereas the monimolimnion had a more diverse population that included cocci, rods, and large filaments. Heterotrophic activity was measured by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and [14C]glutamate uptake. Highest uptake rates were at or just below the photosynthetic bacterial layer and were attributable to small (<1 µm) heterotrophs rather than the larger photosynthetic bacteria. These high rates of heterotrophic uptake were apparently linked with fermentation; rates of other mineralization processes (e.g. sulfate reduction, methanogenesis, denitrification) in the anoxic mixolimnion were insignificant. Heterotrophic activity in the highly reduced monimolimnion was generally much lower than elsewhere in the water column. Therefore, although the monimolimnion contained most of the bacterial abundance and biomass (∼60%), most of the cells there were inactive.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO Publications","doi":"10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0781","usgsCitation":"Zehr, J.P., Harvey, R.W., Oremland, R.S., Cloern, J.E., George, L.H., and Lane, J.L., 1987, Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 1. Pelagic bacterial heterotrophy and biomass: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 32, no. 4, p. 781-793, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0781.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0781","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Big Soda Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.89125347137451,\n 39.51745001842788\n ],\n [\n -118.89125347137451,\n 39.53247861583654\n ],\n [\n -118.86649131774902,\n 39.53247861583654\n ],\n [\n -118.86649131774902,\n 39.51745001842788\n ],\n [\n -118.89125347137451,\n 39.51745001842788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb2e4b08116168222c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zehr, Jon P.","contributorId":172749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zehr","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":641917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"George, Leah H.","contributorId":172750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Leah","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lane, Judith L.","contributorId":172751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lane","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236864,"text":"70236864 - 1987 - Methods and applications in surface depression analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-20T16:13:45.052548","indexId":"70236864","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T11:09:55","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Methods and applications in surface depression analysis","docAbstract":"Gridded surface data sets are often incorporated into digital data bases, but extracting information from the data sets requires specialized raster processing techniques different from those historically used on remotely sensed and thematic data. Frequently, the information desired of a gridded surface is directly related to the topologic peaks and pits of the surface. A method for isolating these peaks and pits has been developed, and two examples of its application are presented.
The perimeter of a pit feature is the highest-valued closed contour surrounding a minimum level. The method devised for finding all such contours is designed to operate on large raster surfaces. If the data are first inversely mapped, this algorithm will find surface peaks rather than pits.
In one example the depressions, or pits, expressed in Digital Elevation Model data, are hydrologically significant potholes. Measurement of their storage capacity is the objective. The potholes are found and labelled as polygons; their watershed boundaries are found and attributes are computed.
In the other example, geochemical surfaces, which were interpolated from chemical analyses of irregularly distributed stream sediment samples, were analyzed to determine the magnitude, morphology, and areal extent of peaks (geochemical anomalies).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Auto-Carto VIII: Proceedings of the international symposium on computer-assisted cartography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Computer-Assisted Cartography, 8th (Auto-Carto 8)","conferenceDate":"Mar 29- Apr 3, 1987","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"Cartography and Geographic Information Society","usgsCitation":"Jenson, S.K., and Trautwein, C.M., 1987, Methods and applications in surface depression analysis, in Auto-Carto VIII: Proceedings of the international symposium on computer-assisted cartography, Baltimore, MD, Mar 29- Apr 3, 1987, p. 137-144.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"144","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":407064,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cartogis.org/docs/proceedings/archive/auto-carto-8/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenson, Susan K.","contributorId":66859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":852396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, Charles M. trautwein@usgs.gov","contributorId":2861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"Charles","email":"trautwein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":852397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226926,"text":"70226926 - 1987 - Geomorphic and hydrologic dynamics of zero-order basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T14:04:41.15584","indexId":"70226926","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-22T07:57:55","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and hydrologic dynamics of zero-order basins","docAbstract":"The 1987 International Symposium on Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, held August 3–7, 1987, in Corvallis, Oreg., included a special session on the geomorphic and hydrologic dynamics of zero-order drainage basins. “Zero-order basin” is one of several terms used to describe unchanneled swales or hollows that may occupy considerable areas of higher-order drainage basins. These basins serve as important accumulation sites for water, sediment, and accompanying contaminants that subsequently may enter streams. Moreover, in many terrains along the Pacific rim, zero-order basins are significant geologic hazard sites in which rapid landslides and debris flows commonly begin. Widespread recognition o f the importance of zero-order basins has occurred only within the last 15 years, and this special session was aimed at collecting and assessing some of the pertinent knowledge that has been gained to date.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Wetlands Symposium of Wetland Hydrology, Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1987 [Proceedings]","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"National Wetlands Symposium of Wetland Hydrology","conferenceDate":"September 16-18, 1987","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1987, Effects of wetland channelization of storm runoff in Lambert Creek, Ramsey County, Minnesota, in National Wetlands Symposium of Wetland Hydrology, Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1987 [Proceedings], Chicago, IL, September 16-18, 1987, p. 130-136.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","otherGeospatial":"Lambert Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0207,45.1258],[-92.9838,45.1247],[-92.9875,44.8924],[-92.9978,44.8924],[-93.0191,44.8929],[-93.0229,44.8948],[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.1775,44.8989],[-93.1833,44.8998],[-93.1897,44.9026],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1987,44.9085],[-93.2026,44.9122],[-93.2038,44.9145],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.2051,44.9209],[-93.2044,44.9263],[-93.2044,44.9305],[-93.2031,44.935],[-93.2037,44.9405],[-93.2044,44.9441],[-93.2063,44.9469],[-93.2062,44.9583],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.0207,45.1258]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ramsey\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a83ee4b0ef3b7caba53b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185546,"text":"70185546 - 1987 - Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:59:40","indexId":"70185546","displayToPublicDate":"1987-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media","docAbstract":"In this study, laboratory experiments were used to investigate mechanisms that may cause anisotropy in the dispersion coefficient and to investigate the relation between anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy in longitudinal dispersion. Measurements of sodium chloride concentration (used as a tracer) were made at 105 in situ sampling locations in a new type of sand box designed to allow flow in either of two perpendicular directions. Two types of hydraulic anisotropy were examined. The first consisted of structured zones of increased hydraulic conductivity within a lower-conductivity medium. The second type involved low-conductivity platelike inclusions within a homogeneous, isotropic medium. The plates were aligned such that the tortuosity was increased only in one principal direction of permeability. Results using two examples of the first type of media showed that the apparent longitudinal dispersivities for flow parallel to the high-conductivity direction were greater than those perpendicular to this direction. Two examples of the second type of media produced smaller apparent longitudinal dispersivities for flow parallel to the high-conductivity direction. The results suggest that the mechanisms causing dispersive anisotropy can be related, conceptually, to the factors causing hydraulic anisotropy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i011p02145","usgsCitation":"Silliman, S.E., Konikow, L.F., and Voss, C., 1987, Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 11, p. 2145-2151, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i011p02145.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2151","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silliman, Stephen E.","contributorId":72130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silliman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185538,"text":"70185538 - 1987 - Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:24:09","indexId":"70185538","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning","docAbstract":"Long-term groundwater contamination can result from vapors and solutes emanating from organic liquids spilled in the unsaturated zone. The mathematical modeling analysis presented in this paper demonstrates for gasoline-range hydrocarbons, and other volatile organics commonly spilled, that diffusive transport in the unsaturated zone is a significant transport mechanism which can cause aqueous and vapor plumes to spread away from the immiscible liquid source, resulting in increasing groundwater contaminating potential. An analytical solution to a one-dimensional version of the transport model allows for the definition of a retardation coefficient which is dependent on phase-partitioning coefficients and moisture content. Significant differences in migration rates should be anticipated between hydrocarbons. A numerical solution was developed for a radially symmetric version of the model defining transport for a multiconstituent contaminant like gasoline. Differences in anticipated migration rates between aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons was clearly demonstrated. A simulation based on the composition of an actual gasoline revealed that aromatic constituents, although constituting a fraction of the initial gasoline composition, completely defined the groundwater contaminating potential. This potential changes in time as constituents are selectively removed from the unsaturated zone. Further, the groundwater contaminating potential is quite sensitive to the ground surface boundary characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i010p01926","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., 1987, Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 10, p. 1926-1938, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i010p01926.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1926","endPage":"1938","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185945,"text":"70185945 - 1987 - Discussion of \"Volatilization rates of organic chemicals of public health concern\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:46:38","indexId":"70185945","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discussion of \"Volatilization rates of organic chemicals of public health concern\"","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:5(1171)","usgsCitation":"Rathburn, R., and Tai, D.Y., 1987, Discussion of \"Volatilization rates of organic chemicals of public health concern\": Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 113, no. 5, p. 1171-1173, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1987)113:5(1171).","productDescription":"3 p. ","startPage":"1171","endPage":"1173","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc821e4b02ff32c685756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathburn, R.E.","contributorId":47444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathburn","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175833,"text":"70175833 - 1987 - Hydrology and water quality of a wetland used to receive wastewater effluent, St. Joseph, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:15:49","indexId":"70175833","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-28T12:15:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrology and water quality of a wetland used to receive wastewater effluent, St. Joseph, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"National Wetland Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 16-18, 1987","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, Illinois","language":"English","publisher":"Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Chicago, Illinois","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Brown, R.G., 1987, Hydrology and water quality of a wetland used to receive wastewater effluent, St. Joseph, Minnesota, National Wetland Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1987, p. 197-204.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Joseph","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcae4b03fd6b7da37ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175478,"text":"ofr87109C - 1987 - Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175478,"text":"ofr87109C - 1987 - Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","indexId":"ofr87109C","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":12346,"text":"ofr87109 - 1987 - U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","indexId":"ofr87109","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":12346,"text":"ofr87109 - 1987 - U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","indexId":"ofr87109","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:08:39","indexId":"ofr87109C","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-27T16:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-109","chapter":"C","title":"Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","docAbstract":"On August 20, 1979, a pipeline break in a remote area near Bemidji, Minn. (fig. C-l), resulted in the release of 1.5x105 L (liters) of crude oil. Although about 1.1x105 L were removed from the site as part of the cleanup, some crude oil infiltrated the ground and percolated to the water table. The spill occurred in the recharge area of a local flow system that discharges to a small lake 300 m (meters) downgradient (Hult, 1984).
\nThe aquifer is a pitted and dissected outwash plain underlain at a depth of about 20 m by low-permeability till. Crude oil is floating on the water table about 8 m below land surface and has migrated about 20 m as a separate fluid phase. Soluble petroleum derivatives have dissolved in and are moving with ground water. Volatile constituents are migrating through the unsaturated zone by diffusion.
\nThe abstracts presented in this chapter provide an overview of ongoing efforts to combine the results of interdependent, interdisciplinary research into the comprehensive understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that will be needed to develop predictive models of contaminant mobilization, transport, and fate.
\nFranzi investigates the relationship between depositional and post-depositional processes and the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the aquifer. Post-depositional subsidence and collapse caused by melting of stagnant ice has created significant geomorphic and hydrogeologic structures. Miller describes a preliminary ground-water flow and chemical-transport model used to assess the effect of these hydrologic discontinuities, estimate aquifer properties, and to guide continuing field work.
\nAbstracts by Siegel, Bennett, and Berndt describe studies of dissolved inorganic constituents and parameters done to characterize the geochemical environments in and around the site. An anoxic zone, probably plume shaped, extends downgradient of the oil pool and into an oxic zone that surrounds the contamination. Carbonate minerals are actively dissolving in the oxic spray zone upgradient of the oil pool where oil is being mineralized, whereas quartz is dissolving underneath the oil by organic-acid complexation.
\nSelective leaching experiments show that fractionation of metals is also occurring where the aquifer matrix is contaminated. Morphological analysis of quartz sand grains clearly show unusual rock-water interactions are occurring in the anaerobic contaminant zone. Preliminary analysis indicates the possibility of an organic/quartz interaction that is significantly increasing the mobility of silica through the system.
\nPredictions of the evolution and ultimate geometry of contaminant plumes resulting from spills require quantitative descriptions of the rate of mass transfer from the organic fluid to ground water. Pfannkuch presents laboratory and field work that describe how the the rate of oil dissolution, and therefore the strength of the contaminant source, is controlled by fluctuations in ground-water velocity and water-table fluctuations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr87109C","usgsCitation":"Hult, M.F., 1987, Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87109C.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"C1","endPage":"C39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57aef346e4b0fc09faae03dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hult, Marc F.","contributorId":18344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014123,"text":"70014123 - 1987 - Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T15:37:56.866473","indexId":"70014123","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the results from the first 3 years of a 5-year cost-effectiveness study of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network. The objective of the study is to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. In the first step of this study, data uses were identified for 3,493 continuous-record stations currently being operated in 32 States. In the second step, evaluation of alternative methods of providing streamflow information, flow-routing models, and regression models were developed for estimating daily flows at 251 stations of the 3,493 stations analyzed. In the third step of the analysis, relationships were developed between the accuracy of the streamflow records and the operating budget. The weighted standard error for all stations, with current operating procedures, was 19.9 percent. By altering field activities, as determined by the analyses, this could be reduced to 17.8 percent. The existing streamgaging networks in four Districts were further analyzed to determine the impacts that satellite telemetry would have on the cost effectiveness. Satellite telemetry was not found to be cost effective on the basis of hydrologic data collection alone, given present cost of equipment and operation.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wst.1987.0064","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Scott, A.G., 1987, Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network: Water Science and Technology, v. 19, no. 9, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n [\n -131.9677734375,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -135.3076171875,\n 59.833775202184206\n ],\n [\n -136.38427734375,\n 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G.","contributorId":36552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121396,"text":"70121396 - 1987 - Results of a workshop concerning ecological zonation in bottomland hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T13:20:42","indexId":"70121396","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T13:07:43","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/14","title":"Results of a workshop concerning ecological zonation in bottomland hardwoods","docAbstract":"Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulatory responsibilities concerning the discharge of dredged or fill material into the Nation's waters. In addition to its advisory role in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' permit program, EPA has a number of specific authorities, including formulation of the Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines, use of Section 404(c) to prohibit disposal at particular sites, and enforcement actions for unauthorized discharges. A number of recent court cases focus on the geographic scope of Section 404 jurisdiction in potential bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetlands and the nature of landclearing activities in these areas that require a permit under Section 404. Accordingly, EPA needs to establish the scientific basis for implementing its responsibilities under Section 404 in bottomland hardwoods.
\nEPA is approaching this task through a series of workshops designed to provide current scientific information on bottomland hardwoods and to organize that information in a manner pertinent to key questions, including the following. What are the characteristics of bottomland hardwoods (in terms of hydrology, soils, vegetation, fish, wildlife, agricultural potential, and the like) and how can the functions (e.g., flood storage, water quality maintenance, detrital export) that they perform best be quantified? How do perturbations like landclearing, levee construction, and drainage impact the functions that bottomland hardwoods perform and how can these effects best be quantified? And finally, how significant are the impacts and how is their significance likely to change under various management scenarios?
\nThe first workshop in this series was held December 3-7, 1984, in St. Francisville, Louisiana. The workshop was attended by over 40 scientists and regulators (see ACKNOWLEDGMENTS section) and facilitated by the editors of this report under an Interagency Agreement between EPA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The general objective of the workshop was to examine ways in which the structure and function of BLH ecosystems can be characterized and, in particular, to investigate the utility of a conceptual framework developed at a workshop held in Lake Lanier, Georgia, in 1980. In this framework, the transition from aquatic habitats to upland habitats through a BLH ecosystem is divided into six zones based on concomitant variation in the soil moisture regime and associated vegetation (Table 1). The zonation concept is of particular interest to EPA from at least two perspectives. The first is simply as a framework for organizing information. If the zones are discernible in the field, have recognizable characteristics, and perform identifiable functions, they might form a useful basis for tasks such as assessing the impacts of a particular site-specific activity. The second is the potential utility of the zonation concept in identifying the wetland portions of BLH communities. If the zones can be recognized in the field, and if one or more of them can be shown consistently to have wetland characteristics (i.e., perform functions, such as detrital export, often attributed to wetlands), while others do not, then the zones might have utility in identifying areas that fall under the jurisdiction of Section 404.
\nThe workshop itself was divided into two parts. The first was a series of papers in which authors described current research and data-synthesis activities in the context of the zonation concept. The second was a series of six workgroups in which participants discussed the zonation concept from the perspective of hydrology, soils, vegetation, fish, wildlife, and ecosystem processes. This report is a compilation of the written material from those workgroups, much of which was produced at the workshop. The formal papers presented in the first part of the workshop have been distributed to participants under separate cover, but are referenced in this report by citations such as: (Jones, workshop presentation).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Johnson, R.L., and Segelquist, C.A., 1987, Results of a workshop concerning ecological zonation in bottomland hardwoods, 141 p.","productDescription":"141 p.","numberOfPages":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e3e4b05ec1f2431c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121395,"text":"70121395 - 1987 - Results of a workshop concerning impacts of various activities on the functions of bottomland hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T13:04:30","indexId":"70121395","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T12:56:07","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/15","title":"Results of a workshop concerning impacts of various activities on the functions of bottomland hardwoods","docAbstract":"Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulatory responsibilities related to the discharge of dredged or fill material into the Nation’s waters. In addition to its advisory role in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' permit program, EPA has a number of specific authorities, including formulation of the Section 404(b)(1) guidelines, use of Section 404(c) to prohibit disposal at particular sites, and enforcement actions for unauthorized discharges. A number of recent court cases focus on the geographic scope of Section 404 jurisdiction in potential bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetlands and the nature of landclearing activities in these areas that require a permit under Section 404. Accordingly, EPA needs to establish the scientific basis for implementing its responsibilities under Section 404 in bottomland hardwoods.
\nEPA is approaching this task through a series of workshops designed to provide current scientific information on bottomland hardwoods and to organize that information in a manner pertinent to key policy questions. The first two workshops in the series were originally conceived as technically oriented meetings that would provide the information necessary to develop policy options at the third workshop. More specifically, the first workshop was designed to examine a zonation concept as a means of characterizing different BLH communities and describing variations in their functions along a soil moisture gradient. The second workshop was perceived as an attempt to evaluate the impacts of various activities on those functions.
\nHowever, one conclusion of the first workshop, which was held in December 1984 in St. Francisville, Louisiana, was that the zonation approach does not describe the variability in the functions performed by BLH ecosystems sufficiently well to allow its use as the sole basis for developing a regulatory framework. That is, factors other than zone were considered critical for an effective characterization of the structure and functions of bottomland hardwoods.
\nThe approach to the second workshop, the results of which are described in this report, was therefore modified in response to the conclusions from the first workshop. The focus of the second workshop remained an analysis of the impacts of various activities or the functions of BLH ecosystems. However, as a prerequisite to this analysis, participants were also asked to develop a list of characteristics that determine the extent to which BLH sites perform the important functions.
\nThe workshop was organized such that alternating plenary and workgroup sessions allowed ample time for communication while still maintaining a focus on the overall goal. In the initial session, various individuals gave presentations concerning methodologies for evaluating the functions performed by wetlands, factors influencing the conversion of BLH forests to other uses, and the impacts of conversion activities. These were followed by a series of case study presentations designed to familiarize participants with the kinds of issues that are dealt with in the Section 404 program. These presentations are cited in this report as (author, workshop presentation).
\nAt the conclusion of these presentations, participants were divided into six workgroups to examine the functions of BLH ecosystems in the areas of hydrology, water quality, fisheries, wildlife, ecosystem processes, and culture/recreation/economics. Each workgroup was asked to undertake the following tasks.
\n1. Developed a list of functions performed by BLH ecosystems from the perspective of the workgroup's expertise and area of responsibility.
\n2. Identify those activities (e.g., impoundment construction, conversion to soybean farming) that impact the major functions (e.g., sediment retention, detrital export) performed by BLH ecosystems.
\n3. Develop a list of characteristics that determine the extent to which a BLH site performs each function and describe the relationship of each characteristic to the function.
\nDevelop, with supporting evidence where possible, an analysis of the impact of each activity (Task 2) on each characteristic (Task 3) and on each function as a whole.
\nUpon completion of Task 2, in an effort to provide some uniformity in the analysis by the various workgroups, EPA personnel and several participants met and compiled a complete list of all the activities identified as having significant impacts in bottomland hardwoods (Table 1). From this list the group derived a set of seven activities, and a number of specific actions associated with each, for analysis by the workgroups (Table 2). These activities were selected on the basis of their perceived importance in BLH ecosystems and their interest from the perspective of EPA. Each workgroup was also encourage to ass any activities of particular important from its perspective.
\nThe workgroup reports that follow document the results of discussion concerning the above tasks. The WORKSHOP SUMMARY attempts to summarize these workgroup results, discuss availability of information, and identify some problems that must be addressed prior to the third workshop in this series.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlidfe Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Horak, G.C., Johnson, R.L., and Segelquist, C.A., 1987, Results of a workshop concerning impacts of various activities on the functions of bottomland hardwoods, 171 p.","productDescription":"171 p.","numberOfPages":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e4e4b05ec1f2431c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horak, Gerald C.","contributorId":96322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70121393,"text":"70121393 - 1987 - Results of a workshop concerning assessment of the functions of bottomland hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T12:53:18","indexId":"70121393","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T12:38:20","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/16","title":"Results of a workshop concerning assessment of the functions of bottomland hardwoods","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344) to participate in the regulation of the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States. This regulatory authority is exercised in partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which has responsibility for permit issuance, and in consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Through amendments to the original statute, a series of legal actions and court decisions, and the development of operating guidance among the responsible agencies, Section 404 has evolved into the primary mechanism afforded Federal authorities for the protection of wetlands.
\nEPA recognizes the importance of wetlands in achieving the goals of the Clean Water Act, which are to protect and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters. EPA Administrator Lee Thomas has identified wetlands protection as among the highest of Agency priorities. EPA recognizes that bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetlands have vital and unique attributes that, if lost, would severely impact the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. As part of a broad program to better protect the Nation's wetlands, EPA has therefore identified bottomland hardwood wetlands as a priority resource requiring special attention on a national basis.\n
Recognizing the importance of implementing an effective, nationally consistent, and scientifically defensible regulatory program, EPA, in October 1984, issued Interim Operating Guidance to its field personnel for implementing the Section 404 regulatory program in bottomland hardwood wetlands. With the goal of improving and finalizing that guidance, EPA is sponsoring a series of workshops designed to answer key questions concerning BLH wetlands, based on the best scientific and technical information currently available. The first two workshops were directed toward summarizing existing scientific and technical knowledge concerning the functions of BLH ecosystems, the characteristics that are important to each function, and the impact of various development activities on those characteristics.
\nThe first workshop, which was held in St. Francisville, Louisiana, in December, 1984, examined a wetland zonation concept as a framework for gaining a greater understanding of BLH structure and function. The workshop set out to determine whether characterization of BLH resources as a series of relatively distinct zones, defined by concomitant variation in hydrologic regime, soils, and vegetation, might provide the basis for a useful and scientifically sound regulatory framework. For examp1e, if certain zones are of particular importance to one or more wetland functions that the Clean Water Act was intended to protect, then the zonation concept might be useful from the perspective of how various activities should be regulated.
\nDiscussions during the first workshop, however, indicated that the zonation concept provides, at best, only an incomplete picture of the structure and function of BLH ecosystems. In many cases, BLH functions are not limited to or closely correlated with particular zones and, furthermore, many factors other than zone are important determinants of BLH functions.
\nWith these responses in mind, the second workshop, held at Lake Lanier, Georgia, in July, 1985, was designed to elicit information on two questions. First, if zones are not an adequate framework for understanding the functions of BLH systems, what characteristics (predictors) can be used to assess the extent to which a particular site performs these functions? And second, what are the impacts of various development activities that often occur in BLH ecosystems on those characteristics and thus on the functions themselves?
\nAt the second workshop, individual workgroups dealing with particular subject areas (e.g., hydrology, water quality, fisheries, wildlife, ecosystem processes, and cultural/recreational/economic resources) were able to identify site characteristics that are important determinants of the performance of various functions. For example, the Hydrology Workgroup identified flood storage as one of three major hydrologic functions that BLH ecosystems perform. The workgroup then identified the most important characteristic (e.g., surface area of the site, soil saturation, and others) that determine flood storage and the likely impact of several common activities (e.g., conversion to soybean production and levee construction) on these characteristics. Some of the workgroups also provided estimates of the aggregate impact of activities, acting through all of the characteristics, on certain functions. The workgroups also identified key characteristics that could be used to identify high-value wetlands for various functions.
\nIn addition, the workgroups pointed out a number of topics needing further examination and discussion. First, all of the workgroups identified the need to develop the technical basis and information sources to address the problem of cumulative impacts in the regulatory process. Second, most of the workgroups noted the important of contextual variables in assessing the function of a particular site. For example, the location of a BLH site in relationship to other tracts of habitat is an important variable for many wildlife species. Similarly, the extent to which a site retains or transforms contaminants is depended not only on the characteristics of the site, but also on its position in a watershed relative to contaminant inputs. And finally, several of the workgroups pointed out that assessing the impact of an activity on a function is not as simple as \"adding up\" the impact on individual characteristics, but may depend instead on complex interactions among characteristics. Addressing these questions, as summarized in the objectives and discussions that follow, was the focus of the third workshop, the results of which are described in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Johnson, R.L., and Segelquist, C.A., 1987, Results of a workshop concerning assessment of the functions of bottomland hardwoods, 173 p.","productDescription":"173 p.","numberOfPages":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e3e4b05ec1f2431c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185927,"text":"70185927 - 1987 - Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:50:14","indexId":"70185927","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Results are presented from experiments carried out in conjunction with the U. S. Geological Survey at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest near Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. The study focuses on our ability to obtain orientation and transmissivity estimates of naturally occurring fractures. The collected data set includes a four-offset hydrophone vertical seismic profile, full waveform acoustic logs at 5, 15, and 34 kHz, borehole televiewer, temperature, resistivity, and self-potential logs, and borehole-to-borehole pump test data. Borehole televiewer and other geophysical logs indicate that permeable fractures intersect the Mirror Lake boreholes at numerous depths, but less than half of these fractures appear to have significant permeability beyond the annulus of drilling disturbance on the basis of acoustic waveform log analysis. The vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data indicate a single major permeable fracture near a depth of 44 m, corresponding to one of the most permeable fractures identified in the acoustic waveform log analysis. VSP data also indicate a somewhat less permeable fracture at 220 m and possible fractures at depths of 103 and 135 m; all correspond to major permeable fractures in the acoustic waveform data set. Pump test data confirm the presence of a hydraulic connection between the Mirror Lake boreholes through a shallow dipping zone of permeability at 44 m in depth. Effective fracture apertures calculated from modeled transmissivities correspond to those estimated for the largest fractures indicated on acoustic waveform logs but are over an order of magnitude larger than effective apertures calculated from tube waves in the VSP data set. This discrepancy is attributed to the effect of fracture stiffness. A new model is presented to account for the mechanical strength of asperities in resisting fracture closure during the passage of seismic waves during the generation of VSPs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB08p07989","usgsCitation":"Hardin, E., Cheng, C., Paillet, F., and Mendelson, J., 1987, Fracture characterization by means of attenuation and generation of tube waves in fractured crystalline rock at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B8, p. 7989-8006, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB08p07989.","productDescription":"18 p. ","startPage":"7989","endPage":"8006","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Mirror Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.26934051513672,\n 43.63359034903413\n ],\n [\n -71.279296875,\n 43.625886794606885\n ],\n [\n -71.26899719238281,\n 43.619673531511516\n ],\n [\n -71.25595092773438,\n 43.61097388438795\n ],\n [\n -71.2518310546875,\n 43.62340156642572\n ],\n [\n -71.2631607055664,\n 43.632844886919436\n ],\n [\n -71.26659393310547,\n 43.63334186269\n ],\n [\n -71.26934051513672,\n 43.63359034903413\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc821e4b02ff32c685758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hardin, E.L.","contributorId":190068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hardin","given":"E.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mendelson, J.D.","contributorId":190067,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendelson","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70121408,"text":"70121408 - 1987 - Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T14:14:19","indexId":"70121408","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T13:56:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/17","title":"Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis","docAbstract":"The Garrison Diversion Unit (GDU) of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin program was authorized in 1965, with the purpose of diverting Missouri River water to the James River for irrigation, municipal and industrial water supply, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, and flood control. The project was reauthorized in 1986, with the specification that comprehensive studies be conducted to address a variety of issues. One of these ongoing studies addresses potential impacts of GDU construction and operation on lands of the National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) system, including Arrowwood and Sand Lake Refuges (the Refuges) on the James River. A number of concerns at these Refuges have been identified; the primary concerns addressed in this report include increased winter return flows, which would limit control of rough fish; increased turbidity during project construction, which would decrease production of sago pondweed; and increased water level fluctuations in the late spring and early summer, which would destroy the nests of some over-water nesting birds.
\nThe facilitated workshop described in this report was conducted February 18-20, 1987, under the joint sponsorship of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The primary objectives of the workshop were to evaluate the feasibility of using simulation modeling techniques to estimate GDU impacts on Arrowwood and Sand Lake Refuges and to suggest enhancements to the James River Refuge monitoring program. The workshop was structured around the formulation of four submodels: a Hydrology and Water Quality submodel to simulate changes in Refuge pool elevations, turnover rates, and water quality parameters (e.g., total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, water temperature, pesticides) due to GDU construction and operation; a Vegetation submodel to simulate concomitant changes in wetland communities (e.g., sago pondweed, wet meadows, deep and shallow marsh); a Fish submodel to estimate changes in abundance or biomass of rough fish (carp, buffalo) and sportfish (northern pike); and a Wildlife submodel to calculate indices of waterfowl abundance or habitat suitability (e.g., for mallards, western grebes, migrating diving ducks, white-faced ibis, egrets, over-water nesters). Submodels considered weekly to monthly changes in pools within a Refuge over a time horizon of 30-50 years.
\nBased on workshop discussions and past experience with impact analysis modeling, a phased modeling approach was recommended for the James River Refuges analysis. The first phase would involve two modeling efforts. The existing Sand Lake hydrology model, and a similar one developed for Arrowwood NWR, would be validated and used to predict changes on pool elevations and winter inflows to each pool for a variety of GDU alternatives. Outputs from simulations would then be evaluated in terms of potential fish and wildlife impacts. For example, the models could generate indices comparing the magnitude and timing of winter inflows for pre- and postproject conditions; fisheries biologists could then use these indices to better quantify their concerns relative to potential changes in the frequency of rough-fish control. The other modeling effort in the first phase would involve developing a sago pondweed growth model to integrate Refuge monitoring data and existing literature and perhaps to address some questions concerning turbidity impacts. A second phase of simulation modeling would be undertaken only if the initial analyses of hydrologic outputs indicated significant potential problems and if monitoring and research projects had clarified some of the biological and physical processes that cannot be modeled reliably at the present time (e.g., resuspension of sediments by carp, immigration and winter mortality of fish, loss of waterfowl nests due to wave action). The second phase would attempt to develop an integrated impact assessment model.
\nIn order to address some of the biological and physical processes that presently are not well understood, a number of studies and enhancements to the Refuge monitoring program were suggested. The Hydrology and Water Quality workgroup recommended increasing turbidity and dissolved oxygen sampling, dropping expensive analysis of some trace elements, adding more pesticide analysis (including some biological monitoring), and developing better area-capacity data for the Sand Lake hydrology model. The Vegetation workgroup suggested expanding the number of monitoring stations, monitoring photosynthetically active radiation by depth, and modifying the biomass sampling procedure and schedule. Also suggested were additional analyses of existing Refuge monitoring data and additional field studies concerning sago growth under a variety of environmental conditions and effects of rough fish density on sago. A careful examination of Refuge narrative reports was recommended by the Fish workgroup to characterize conditions that led to various rates of winter-kill. Monitoring enhancement related to a better understanding of fish population dynamics included increasing dissolved oxygen monitoring, continuing present monitoring of fish movement upstream from Jamestown Reservoir into Arrowwood NWR, initiating similar efforts for upstream movement into Sand Lake NWR and downstream movements into both Refuges, and augmenting the present gillnetting program (or replacing it) with sampling for population and age/size structure estimates. The Wildlife workgroup suggested estimating the relative density of mallard nests in over-water and wet meadow nesting areas, estimating the number of western grebe nests lost due to wave action, delineating wet meadows on the Refuge vegetation maps, estimating annual tuber consumption by birds, and monitoring insect/macroinvertebrate abundance. The workgroup also suggested research studies to better understand the relationships between food supplies and the growth and survival of ducklings and young grebes.
\nthe workshop discussions also helped identify some suggestions for modifying project features that, if feasible from an engineering and operational standpoint, would reduce impacts on Refuge lands. These suggestions included: designing drains with control structures or small \"reregulation\" reservoirs to hold winter return flows that might adversely affect rough fish control, spreading construction activities over a number of years to reduce potential impacts of turbidity on sago pondweed in any single year, scheduling construction to occur after the spring sprouting and elongation growth stages to reduce impacts on sago pondweed, and installing \"quick acting\" control structures at Arrowwood NWR to reduce pool level fluctuations that might destroy nests of some over-water nesting waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Auble, G.T., Farmer, A.H., and Roelle, J.E., 1987, Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707dfe4b05ec1f2431c03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70174410,"text":"70174410 - 1987 - Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 2. Pelagic sulfate reduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:51:34","indexId":"70174410","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 2. Pelagic sulfate reduction","docAbstract":"The epilimnion of hypersaline, alkaline, meromictic Big Soda Lake contains an average 58 mmol sulfate liter−1 and 0.4 µmol dissolved iron liter−1. The monimolimnion, which is permanently anoxic, has a sulfide concentration ranging seasonally from 4 to 7 mmol liter−1. Depth profiles of sulfate reduction in the monimolimnion, assayed with a 35S tracer technique and in situ incubations, demonstrated that sulfate reduction occurs within the water column of this extreme environment. The average rate of reduction in the monimolimnion was 3 µmol sulfate liter−1 d−1in May compared to 0.9 in October. These values are comparable to rates of sulfate reduction reported for anoxic waters of more moderate environments. Sulfate reduction also occurred in the anoxic zone of the mixolimnion, though at significantly lower rates (0.025–0.090 µmol liter−1 d−1 at 25 m). Additions of FeS (1.0 mmol liter−1) doubled the endogenous rate of sulfate reduction in the monimolimnion, while MnS and kaolinite had no effect. These results suggest that sulfate reduction in Big Soda Lake is iron limited and controlled by seasonal variables other than temperature. Estimates of the organic carbon mineralized by sulfate reduction exceed measured fluxes of particulate organic carbon sinking from the mixolimnion. Thus, additional sources of electron donors (other than those derived from the sinking of pelagic autotrophs) may also fuel monimolimnetic sulfate reduction in the lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"ASLO","doi":"10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0794","usgsCitation":"Smith, R.L., and Oremland, R.S., 1987, Big Soda Lake (Nevada). 2. Pelagic sulfate reduction: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 32, no. 4, p. 794-803, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0794.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"794","endPage":"803","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada ","otherGeospatial":"Big Soda Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.499802162332884\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 39.499802162332884\n ],\n [\n -118.85559082031249,\n 39.544293973019904\n ],\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.544293973019904\n ],\n [\n -118.90914916992188,\n 39.499802162332884\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2003-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c337e4b0e02680be5910","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185943,"text":"70185943 - 1987 - Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T17:21:22.853647","indexId":"70185943","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments","docAbstract":"The availability of ferric iron for microbial reduction as directly determined by the activity of iron-reducing organisms was compared with its availability as determined by a newly developed chemical assay for microbially reducible iron. The chemical assay was based on the reduction of poorly crystalline ferric iron by hydroxylamine under acidic conditions. There was a strong correlation between the extent to which hydroxylamine could reduce various synthetic ferric iron forms and the susceptibility of the iron to microbial reduction in an enrichment culture of iron-reducing organisms. When sediments that contained hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron were incubated under anaerobic conditions, ferrous iron accumulated as the concentration of hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron declined over time. Ferrous iron production stopped as soon as the hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron was depleted. In anaerobic incubations of reduced sediments that did not contain hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron, there was no microbial iron reduction, even though the sediments contained high concentrations of oxalate-extractable ferric iron. A correspondence between the presence of hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron and the extent of ferric iron reduction in anaerobic incubations was observed in sediments from an aquifer and in fresh- and brackish-water sediments from the Potomac River estuary. The assay is a significant improvement over previously described procedures for the determination of hydroxylamine-reducible ferric iron because it provides a correction for the high concentrations of solid ferrous iron which may also be extracted from sediments with acid. This is a rapid, simple technique to determine whether ferric iron is available for microbial reduction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987","usgsCitation":"Lovely, D.R., and Philips, E., 1987, Rapid assay for microbially reducible ferric iron in aquatic sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 53, no. 7, p. 1536-1540, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1536","endPage":"1540","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.7.1536-1540.1987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338681,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -75.21240234375,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 39.12153746241925\n ],\n [\n -77.45361328125,\n 37.125286284966805\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc822e4b02ff32c68575a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovely, Derek R.","contributorId":184232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lovely","given":"Derek","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Philips, Elizabeth","contributorId":189604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Philips","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}