Digital optical borehole images at approximately 2 mm vertical resolution and borehole caliper data were used to create three-dimensional renderings of the distribution of (1) matrix porosity and (2) vuggy megaporosity for the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida. The renderings based on the borehole data were used as input into Lattice Boltzmann methods to obtain intrinsic permeability estimates for this extremely transmissive aquifer, where traditional aquifer test methods may fail due to very small drawdowns and non-Darcian flow that can reduce apparent hydraulic conductivity. Variogram analysis of the borehole data suggests a nearly isotropic rock structure at lag lengths up to the nominal borehole diameter. A strong correlation between the diameter of the borehole and the presence of vuggy megaporosity in the data set led to a bias in the variogram where the computed horizontal spatial autocorrelation is strong at lag distances greater than the nominal borehole size. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of flow across a 0.4 × 0.4 × 17 m (2.72 m3 volume) parallel-walled column of rendered matrix and vuggy megaporosity indicates a high hydraulic conductivity of 53 m s−1. This value is similar to previous Lattice Boltzmann calculations of hydraulic conductivity in smaller limestone samples of the Biscayne aquifer. The development of simulation methods that reproduce dual-porosity systems with higher resolution and fidelity and that consider flow through horizontally longer renderings could provide improved estimates of the hydraulic conductivity and help to address questions about the importance of scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015465","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"Michael Sukop, and Cunningham, K.J., 2014, Lattice Boltzmann methods applied to large-scale three-dimensional virtual cores constructed from digital optical borehole images of the karst carbonate Biscayne aquifer in southeastern Florida: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 11, p. 8807-8825, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015465.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8807","endPage":"8825","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049416","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472657,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015465","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55bc9c2de4b033ef52100f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael Sukop","contributorId":145653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Michael Sukop","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70170987,"text":"70170987 - 2014 - An 8700 year paleoclimate reconstruction from the southern Maya lowlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-17T10:42:33","indexId":"70170987","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An 8700 year paleoclimate reconstruction from the southern Maya lowlands","docAbstract":"Analysis of a sediment core from Lago Puerto Arturo, a closed basin lake in northern Peten, Guatemala, has provided an ∼8700 cal year record of climate change and human activity in the southern Maya lowlands. Stable isotope, magnetic susceptibility, and pollen analyses were used to reconstruct environmental change in the region. Results indicate a relatively wet early to middle Holocene followed by a drier late Holocene, which we interpret as reflecting long-term changes in insolation (precession). Higher frequency variability is more likely attributable to changes in ocean/atmosphere circulation in both the North Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. Pollen and isotope data show that most of the period of prehispanic agricultural settlement, i.e. ∼5000–1000 cal yr BP, was characterized by drier conditions than previous or subsequent periods. The presence ofZea (corn) pollen through peak aridity during the Terminal Classic period (∼1250–1130 cal yr BP) suggests that drought may not have had as negative an impact as previously proposed. A dramatic negative shift in isotope values indicates an increase in precipitation after ∼950 cal yr BP (hereafter BP).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.004","usgsCitation":"Wahl, D.B., Byrne, R., and Anderson, L., 2014, An 8700 year paleoclimate reconstruction from the southern Maya lowlands: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 103, p. 19-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053384","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574d643be4b07e28b66834a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, David B. 0000-0002-0451-3554 dwahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-3554","contributorId":3433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"David","email":"dwahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byrne, Roger","contributorId":13630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrne","given":"Roger","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":629342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Lysanna 0000-0001-5650-9744 landerson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5650-9744","contributorId":5339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Lysanna","email":"landerson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":629343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134902,"text":"70134902 - 2014 - Geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate from core, downhole log, and seismic data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T16:41:55.117592","indexId":"70134902","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate from core, downhole log, and seismic data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea","docAbstract":"Multi-channel seismic reflection data, well logs, and recovered sediment cores have been used in this study to characterize the geologic controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea. The concept of the \"gas hydrate petroleum system\" has allowed for the systematic analysis of the impact of gas source, geologic controls on gas migration, and the role of the host sediment in the formation and stability of gas hydrates as encountered during the 2007 Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Gas Hydrate Expedition (GMGS-1) in the Shenhu area. Analysis of seismic and bathymetric data identified seventeen sub-linear, near-parallel submarine canyons in this area. These canyons, formed in the Miocene, migrated in a northeasterly direction, and resulted in the burial and abandonment of canyons partially filled by coarse-grained sediments. Downhole wireline log (DWL) data were acquired from eight drill sites and sediment coring was conducted at five of these sites, which revealed the presence of suitable reservoirs for the occurrence of concentrated gas hydrate accumulations. Gas hydrate-bearing sediment layers were identified from well log and core data at three sites mainly within silt and silt clay sediments. Gas hydrate was also discovered in a sand reservoir at one site as inferred from the analysis of the DWL data. Seismic anomalies attributed to the presence of gas below the base of gas hydrate stability zone, provided direct evidence for the migration of gas into the overlying gas hydrate-bearing sedimentary sections. Geochemical analyses of gas samples collected from cores confirmed that the occurrence of gas hydrate in the Shenhu area is controlled by the presence thermogenic methane gas that has migrated into the gas hydrate stability zone from a more deeply buried source.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.margeo.2014.09.040","usgsCitation":"Wang, X., Lee, M.W., Collett, T.S., Yang, S., Guo, Y., and Wu, S., 2014, Geological controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate from core, downhole log, and seismic data in the Shenhu area, South China Sea: Marine Geology, v. 357, p. 272-292, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2014.09.040.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"272","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055596","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296523,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Shenhu area, South China Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 115.1,\n 19.8333\n ],\n [\n 115.2833,\n 19.8333\n ],\n [\n 115.2833,\n 19.9333\n ],\n [\n 115.1,\n 19.9333\n ],\n [\n 115.1,\n 19.8333\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"357","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b51e4b02acb4f0c8c35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Xiujuan","contributorId":127764,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Xiujuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7142,"text":"Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Shengxiong","contributorId":74306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Shengxiong","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Yiqun","contributorId":68659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Yiqun","affiliations":[{"id":34423,"text":"Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wu, Shiguo","contributorId":11126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Shiguo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":526665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199595,"text":"70199595 - 2014 - Reply to: Turner, R.E., 2014. Discussion of: Olea, R.A. and Coleman, J.L., Jr., 2014. A synoptic examination of causes of land loss in southern Louisiana as related to the exploitation of subsurface geologic resources, Journal of Coastal Research, 30(5), 1025–1044; Journal of Coastal Research, 30(6), 1330–1334.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-24T11:05:07","indexId":"70199595","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T11:04:57","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to: Turner, R.E., 2014. Discussion of: Olea, R.A. and Coleman, J.L., Jr., 2014. A synoptic examination of causes of land loss in southern Louisiana as related to the exploitation of subsurface geologic resources, Journal of Coastal Research, 30(5), 1025–1044; Journal of Coastal Research, 30(6), 1330–1334.","docAbstract":"To a large extent, geology is a science of solving inverse problems based on some data and scientific principles. Solutions to these types of problems are not unique, especially when using different data, invoking different principles, or both. It is not surprising that the discussant and we have reached different conclusions on the same specific issue of land loss along the coast of Louisiana because we use different observations and view those observations in a different context. The objective of this reply is to orient the reader, who then can decide which approach is more likely to be the correct analysis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education and Research Foundation","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14A-00004.1","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Coleman, J., 2014, Reply to: Turner, R.E., 2014. Discussion of: Olea, R.A. and Coleman, J.L., Jr., 2014. A synoptic examination of causes of land loss in southern Louisiana as related to the exploitation of subsurface geologic resources, Journal of Coastal Research, 30(5), 1025–1044; Journal of Coastal Research, 30(6), 1330–1334.: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1335-1337, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14A-00004.1.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1335","endPage":"1337","ipdsId":"IP-057121","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-14a-00004.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":357662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357606,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43290021.pdf"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc03732e4b0fc368eb53ad1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, James L.","contributorId":208106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":37715,"text":"Ex-USGS, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135072,"text":"70135072 - 2014 - Wave-driven sediment mobilization on a storm-controlled continental shelf (Northwest Iberia)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-07T18:46:09.71468","indexId":"70135072","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-driven sediment mobilization on a storm-controlled continental shelf (Northwest Iberia)","docAbstract":"Seafloor sediment mobilization on the inner Northwest Iberian continental shelf is caused largely by ocean surface waves. The temporal and spatial variability in the wave height, wave period, and wave direction has a profound effect on local sediment mobilization, leading to distinct sediment mobilization scenarios. Six grain-size specific sediment mobilization scenarios, representing seasonal average and storm conditions, were simulated with a physics-based numerical model. Model inputs included meteorological and oceanographic data in conjunction with seafloor grain-size and the shelf bathymetric data. The results show distinct seasonal variations, most importantly in wave height, leading to sediment mobilization, specifically on the inner shelf shallower than 30 m water depth where up to 49% of the shelf area is mobilized. Medium to severe storm events are modeled to mobilize up to 89% of the shelf area above 150 m water depth. The frequency of each of these seasonal and storm-related sediment mobilization scenarios is addressed using a decade of meteorological and oceanographic data. The temporal and spatial patterns of the modeled sediment mobilization scenarios are discussed in the context of existing geological and environmental processes and conditions to assist scientific, industrial and environmental efforts that are directly affected by sediment mobilization. Examples, where sediment mobilization plays a vital role, include seafloor nutrient advection, recurrent arrival of oil from oil-spill-laden seafloor sediment, and bottom trawling impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.018","usgsCitation":"Oberle, F., Storlazzi, C., and Hanebuth, T., 2014, Wave-driven sediment mobilization on a storm-controlled continental shelf (Northwest Iberia): Journal of Marine Systems, v. 139, p. 362-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.07.018.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"362","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061568","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Portugal, Spain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -10.78857421875,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -7.75634765625,\n 40.58058466412761\n ],\n [\n -7.75634765625,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -10.78857421875,\n 43.35713822211053\n ],\n [\n -10.78857421875,\n 40.58058466412761\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b66e4b02acb4f0c8c5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberle, Ferdinand 0000-0001-8871-3619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-3619","contributorId":127792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oberle","given":"Ferdinand","affiliations":[{"id":7156,"text":"MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":2333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanebuth, Till","contributorId":127793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanebuth","given":"Till","affiliations":[{"id":7156,"text":"MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134754,"text":"70134754 - 2014 - Energy demands for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation of female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:45:00","indexId":"70134754","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3075,"text":"Physiological and Biochemical Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy demands for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation of female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)","docAbstract":"Decreases in sea ice have altered habitat use and activity patterns of female Pacific walruses Odobenus rosmarus divergens and could affect their energetic demands, reproductive success, and population status. However, a lack of physiological data from walruses has hampered efforts to develop the bioenergetics models required for fully understanding potential population-level impacts. We analyzed long-term longitudinal data sets of caloric consumption and body mass from nine female Pacific walruses housed at six aquaria using a hierarchical Bayesian approach to quantify relative energetic demands for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation. By examining body mass fluctuations in response to food consumption, the model explicitly uncoupled caloric demand from caloric intake. This is important for pinnipeds because they sequester and deplete large quantities of lipids throughout their lifetimes. Model outputs were scaled to account for activity levels typical of free-ranging Pacific walruses, averaging 83% of the time active in water and 17% of the time hauled-out resting. Estimated caloric requirements ranged from 26,900 kcal d−1 for 2-yr-olds to 93,370 kcal d−1 for simultaneously lactating and pregnant walruses. Daily consumption requirements were higher for pregnancy than lactation, reflecting energetic demands of increasing body size and lipid deposition during pregnancy. Although walruses forage during lactation, fat sequestered during pregnancy sustained 27% of caloric requirements during the first month of lactation, suggesting that walruses use a mixed strategy of capital and income breeding. Ultimately, this model will aid in our understanding of the energetic and population consequences of sea ice loss.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/678237","usgsCitation":"Noren, S.R., Udevitz, M.S., and Jay, C.V., 2014, Energy demands for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, and lactation of female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens): Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, v. 87, no. 6, p. 837-854, https://doi.org/10.1086/678237.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"837","endPage":"854","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049042","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296465,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5482e545e4b0aa6d77853002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noren, Shawn R.","contributorId":127697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Noren","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":526372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178372,"text":"70178372 - 2014 - Transcriptomic analysis of the mussel Elliptio complanata identifies candidate stress-response genes and an abundance of novel or noncoding transcripts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-24T10:35:24","indexId":"70178372","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of the mussel Elliptio complanata identifies candidate stress-response genes and an abundance of novel or noncoding transcripts","docAbstract":"Mussels are useful indicator species of environmental stress and degradation, and the global decline in freshwater mussel diversity and abundance is of conservation concern. Elliptio complanata is a common freshwater mussel of eastern North America that can serve both as an indicator and as an experimental model for understanding mussel physiology and genetics. To support genetic components of these research goals, we assembled transcriptome contigs from Illumina paired-end reads. Despite efforts to collapse similar contigs, the final assembly was in excess of 136,000 contigs with an N50 of 982 bp. Even so, comparisons to the CEGMA database of conserved eukaryotic genes indicated that ∼20% of genes remain unrepresented. However, numerous candidate stress-response genes were present, and we identified lineage-specific patterns of diversification among molluscs for cytochrome P450 detoxification genes and two saccharide-modifying enzymes: 1,3 beta-galactosyltransferase and fucosyltransferase. Less than a quarter of contigs had protein-level similarity based on modest BLAST and Hmmer3 statistical thresholds. These results add comparative genomic resources for molluscs and suggest a wealth of novel proteins and noncoding transcripts.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0112420","usgsCitation":"Cornman, R.S., Robertson, L.S., Galbraith, H.S., and Blakeslee, C.J., 2014, Transcriptomic analysis of the mussel Elliptio complanata identifies candidate stress-response genes and an abundance of novel or noncoding transcripts: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 11, e112420; 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112420.","productDescription":"e112420; 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060559","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472676,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112420","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582c2ce6e4b0c253be072c0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cornman, Robert S. 0000-0001-9511-2192 rcornman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9511-2192","contributorId":5356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cornman","given":"Robert","email":"rcornman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Laura S. lrobertson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Laura","email":"lrobertson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galbraith, Heather S. 0000-0003-3704-3517 hgalbraith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-3517","contributorId":4519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galbraith","given":"Heather","email":"hgalbraith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blakeslee, Carrie J. 0000-0002-0801-5325 cblakeslee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0801-5325","contributorId":5462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakeslee","given":"Carrie","email":"cblakeslee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70143987,"text":"70143987 - 2014 - Influence of nonnative and native ungulate biomass and seasonal precipitation on vegetation production in a Great Basin ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:13:47","indexId":"70143987","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3746,"text":"Western North American Naturalist","onlineIssn":"1944-8341","printIssn":"1527-0904","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of nonnative and native ungulate biomass and seasonal precipitation on vegetation production in a Great Basin ecosystem","docAbstract":"The negative effects of equid grazers in semiarid ecosystems of the American West have been considered disproportionate to the influence of native ungulates in these systems because of equids' large body size, hoof shape, and short history on the landscape relative to native ungulates. Tools that can analyze the degree of influence of various ungulate herbivores in an ecosystem and separate effects of ungulates from effects of other variables (climate, anthropomorphic disturbances) can be useful to managers in determining the location of nonnative herbivore impacts and assessing the effect of management actions targeted at different ungulate populations. We used remotely sensed data to determine the influence of native and nonnative ungulates and climate on vegetation productivity at wildlife refuges in Oregon and Nevada. Our findings indicate that ungulate biomass density, particularly equid biomass density, and precipitation in winter and spring had the greatest influence on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. Our results concur with those of other researchers, who found that drought exacerbated the impacts of ungulate herbivores in arid systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/064.074.0304","usgsCitation":"Zeigenfuss, L., Schoenecker, K.A., Ransom, J.I., Ignizio, D.A., and Mask, T., 2014, Influence of nonnative and native ungulate biomass and seasonal precipitation on vegetation production in a Great Basin ecosystem: Western North American Naturalist, v. 74, no. 3, p. 286-298, https://doi.org/10.3398/064.074.0304.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"298","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052304","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol74/iss3/3","text":"External Repository"},{"id":298970,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sheldon-Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.8114013671875,\n 42.282389042899574\n ],\n [\n -119.46258544921874,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -119.27444458007811,\n 42.68445443971023\n ],\n [\n -119.27581787109374,\n 42.76919491914051\n ],\n [\n -119.52850341796875,\n 42.769698980164854\n ],\n [\n -119.59373474121094,\n 42.72381262999295\n ],\n [\n -119.79972839355469,\n 42.51614463822353\n ],\n [\n -119.85809326171875,\n 42.387965757279154\n ],\n [\n -119.8114013671875,\n 42.282389042899574\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.77456665039061,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -118.77182006835938,\n 41.87467383975803\n ],\n [\n -118.91395568847655,\n 41.8731399788736\n ],\n [\n -118.9105224609375,\n 41.56151812577415\n ],\n [\n -119.48867797851562,\n 41.55792157780418\n ],\n [\n -119.65621948242188,\n 41.77131167976407\n ],\n [\n -119.66171264648436,\n 41.875696393231\n ],\n [\n -119.56695556640625,\n 41.99624282178583\n ],\n [\n -119.52163696289061,\n 42.03807425331983\n ],\n [\n -119.45983886718749,\n 41.99522219923445\n ],\n [\n -118.77456665039061,\n 41.9921602333763\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5513dc29e4b032384276c9a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeigenfuss, Linda 0000-0002-6700-8563 linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-8563","contributorId":2079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigenfuss","given":"Linda","email":"linda_zeigenfuss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoenecker, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-9906-911X schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-911X","contributorId":2001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenecker","given":"Kathryn","email":"schoeneckerk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ransom, Jason I.","contributorId":139841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ransom","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ignizio, Drew A. 0000-0001-8054-5139 dignizio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-5139","contributorId":139842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ignizio","given":"Drew","email":"dignizio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mask, Tracy tmask@usgs.gov","contributorId":5507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mask","given":"Tracy","email":"tmask@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156364,"text":"70156364 - 2014 - A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-16T10:42:44","indexId":"70156364","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3916,"text":"Marine Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems","docAbstract":"The United Nations General Assembly in 2006 and 2009 adopted resolutions that call for the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) from significant adverse impacts of bottom fishing. While general criteria have been produced, there are no guidelines or protocols that elaborate on the process from initial identification through to the protection of VMEs. Here, based upon an expert review of existing practices, a 10-step framework is proposed: (1) Comparatively assess potential VME indicator taxa and habitats in a region; (2) determine VME thresholds; (3) consider areas already known for their ecological importance; (4) compile information on the distributions of likely VME taxa and habitats, as well as related environmental data; (5) develop predictive distribution models for VME indicator taxa and habitats; (6) compile known or likely fishing impacts; (7) produce a predicted VME naturalness distribution (areas of low cumulative impacts); (8) identify areas of higher value to user groups; (9) conduct management strategy evaluations to produce trade-off scenarios; (10) review and re-iterate, until spatial management scenarios are developed that fulfil international obligations and regional conservation and management objectives. To date, regional progress has been piecemeal and incremental. The proposed 10-step framework combines these various experiences into a systematic approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"ScienceDirect","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.017","usgsCitation":"Ardron, J.A., Clark, M.R., Penney, A.J., Hourigan, T.F., Rowden, A.A., Dunstan, P.K., Watling, L., Shank, T., Tracey, D.M., Dunn, M.R., and Parker, S.J., 2014, A systematic approach towards the identification and protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems: Marine Science, v. 49, p. 146-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.017.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"146","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6371","text":"External Repository"},{"id":308183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92ade4b05d6c4e501a48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ardron, Jeff A.","contributorId":146751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ardron","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Malcolm R.","contributorId":146752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Malcolm","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Penney, Andrew J.","contributorId":146753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penney","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hourigan, Thomas F.","contributorId":146754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hourigan","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowden, Ashley A.","contributorId":146755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowden","given":"Ashley","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunstan, Piers K.","contributorId":146756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunstan","given":"Piers","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Watling, Les","contributorId":54755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watling","given":"Les","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shank, Timothy M.","contributorId":100722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shank","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tracey, Di M.","contributorId":146757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tracey","given":"Di","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dunn, Matthew R.","contributorId":146758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Parker, Steven J.","contributorId":68904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70168458,"text":"70168458 - 2014 - Inland capture fishery contributions to global food security and threats to their future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-24T13:54:31","indexId":"70168458","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5055,"text":"Global Food Security","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inland capture fishery contributions to global food security and threats to their future","docAbstract":"Inland fish and fisheries play important roles in ensuring global food security. They provide a crucial source of animal protein and essential micronutrients for local communities, especially in the developing world. Data concerning fisheries production and consumption of freshwater fish are generally inadequately assessed, often leading decision makers to undervalue their importance. Modification of inland waterways for alternative uses of freshwater (particularly dams for hydropower and water diversions for human use) negatively impacts the productivity of inland fisheries for food security at local and regional levels. This paper highlights the importance of inland fisheries to global food security, the challenges they face due to competing demands for freshwater, and possible solutions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gfs.2014.09.005","usgsCitation":"Youn, S., Taylor, W.W., Lynch, A., Cowx, I.G., Beard, T., Bartley, D., and Wu, F., 2014, Inland capture fishery contributions to global food security and threats to their future: Global Food Security, v. 3, no. 3-4, p. 142-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2014.09.005.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"142","endPage":"148","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058030","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913d0e4b07657d19ff135","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Youn, So-Jung","contributorId":166926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Youn","given":"So-Jung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, William W.","contributorId":166927,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynch, Abigail J. ajlynch@usgs.gov","contributorId":146923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynch","given":"Abigail J.","email":"ajlynch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cowx, Ian G.","contributorId":37228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cowx","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beard, T. Douglas Jr. 0000-0003-2632-2350 dbeard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-2350","contributorId":3314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"T. Douglas","suffix":"Jr.","email":"dbeard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":620578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartley, Devin","contributorId":166934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartley","given":"Devin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wu, Felicia","contributorId":166935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wu","given":"Felicia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":620796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70136277,"text":"70136277 - 2014 - Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-19T09:14:55","indexId":"70136277","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes","docAbstract":"With lake abundances in the thousands to millions, creating an intuitive understanding of the distribution of morphology and processes in lakes is challenging. To improve researchers’ understanding of large-scale lake processes, we developed a parsimonious mathematical model based on the Pareto distribution to describe the distribution of lake morphology (area, perimeter and volume). While debate continues over which mathematical representation best fits any one distribution of lake morphometric characteristics, we recognize the need for a simple, flexible model to advance understanding of how the interaction between morphometry and function dictates scaling across large populations of lakes. These models make clear the relative contribution of lakes to the total amount of lake surface area, volume, and perimeter. They also highlight the critical thresholds at which total perimeter, area and volume would be evenly distributed across lake size-classes have Pareto slopes of 0.63, 1 and 1.12, respectively. These models of morphology can be used in combination with models of process to create overarching “lake population” level models of process. To illustrate this potential, we combine the model of surface area distribution with a model of carbon mass accumulation rate. We found that even if smaller lakes contribute relatively less to total surface area than larger lakes, the increasing carbon accumulation rate with decreasing lake size is strong enough to bias the distribution of carbon mass accumulation towards smaller lakes. This analytical framework provides a relatively simple approach to upscaling morphology and process that is easily generalizable to other ecosystem processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Freshwater Biological Association","doi":"10.5268/IW-5.1.740","usgsCitation":"Winslow, L.A., Read, J.S., Hanson, P.C., and Stanley, E.H., 2014, Does lake size matter? Combining morphology and process modeling to examine the contribution of lake classes to population-scale processes: Inland Waters, v. 5, p. 7-14, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-5.1.740.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"7","endPage":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051175","costCenters":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8aee4b0518e3546a4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":5919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hanson, Paul C.","contributorId":35634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70139630,"text":"70139630 - 2014 - Population viability of Pediocactus brady (Cactaceae) in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-29T10:31:24","indexId":"70139630","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":724,"text":"American Journal of Botany","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population viability of Pediocactus brady (Cactaceae) in a changing climate","docAbstract":"• Premise of the study: A key question concerns the vulnerability of desert species adapted to harsh, variable climates to future climate change. Evaluating this requires coupling long-term demographic models with information on past and projected future climates. We investigated climatic drivers of population growth using a 22-yr demographic model for Pediocactus bradyi, an endangered cactus in northern Arizona.
\n\n
• Methods: We used a matrix model to calculate stochastic population growth rates (λs) and the relative influences of life-cycle transitions on population growth. Regression models linked population growth with climatic variability, while stochastic simulations were used to (1) understand how predicted increases in drought frequency and extreme precipitation would affect λs, and (2) quantify variability in λs based on temporal replication of data.
\n\n
• Key results: Overall λs was below unity (0.961). Population growth was equally influenced by fecundity and survival and significantly correlated with increased annual precipitation and higher winter temperatures. Stochastic simulations increasing the probability of drought and extreme precipitation reduced λs, but less than simulations increasing the probability of drought alone. Simulations varying the temporal replication of data suggested 14 yr were required for accurate λs estimates.
\n\n
• Conclusions: Pediocactus bradyi may be vulnerable to increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, particularly drought. Biotic interactions resulting in low survival during drought years outweighed increased seedling establishment following heavy precipitation. Climatic extremes beyond historical ranges of variability may threaten rare desert species with low population growth rates and therefore high susceptibility to stochastic events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/ajb.1400035","usgsCitation":"Shryock, D.F., Esque, T., and Huges, L., 2014, Population viability of Pediocactus brady (Cactaceae) in a changing climate: American Journal of Botany, v. 101, no. 11, p. 1944-1953, https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400035.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1944","endPage":"1953","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053992","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400035","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 36.949891786813296\n ],\n [\n -109.072265625,\n 31.653381399664\n ],\n [\n -114.873046875,\n 31.653381399664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c28e4b08de9379b3673","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shryock, Daniel F. dshryock@usgs.gov","contributorId":5139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shryock","given":"Daniel","email":"dshryock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huges, Lee","contributorId":138963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huges","given":"Lee","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12596,"text":"Retired, BLM, AZ Strip Field Office, St George, UT","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136365,"text":"70136365 - 2014 - Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T14:59:09","indexId":"70136365","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale","docAbstract":"Urban stormwater runoff remains an important issue that causes local and regional-scale water quantity and quality issues. Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) have been widely used to mitigate runoff issues, traditionally in a centralized manner; however, problems associated with urban hydrology have remained. An emerging trend is implementation of BMPs in a distributed manner (multi-BMP treatment trains located on the landscape and integrated with urban design), but little catchment-scale performance of these systems have been reported to date. Here, stream hydrologic data (March, 2011–September, 2012) are evaluated in four catchments located in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: one utilizing distributed stormwater BMPs, two utilizing centralized stormwater BMPs, and a forested catchment serving as a reference. Among urban catchments with similar land cover, geology and BMP design standards (i.e. 100-year event), but contrasting placement of stormwater BMPs, distributed BMPs resulted in: significantly greater estimated baseflow, a higher minimum precipitation threshold for stream response and maximum discharge increases, better maximum discharge control for small precipitation events, and reduced runoff volume during an extreme (1000-year) precipitation event compared to centralized BMPs. For all catchments, greater forest land cover and less impervious cover appeared to be more important drivers than stormwater BMP spatial pattern, and caused lower total, stormflow, and baseflow runoff volume; lower maximum discharge during typical precipitation events; and lower runoff volume during an extreme precipitation event. Analysis of hydrologic field data in this study suggests that both the spatial distribution of stormwater BMPs and land cover are important for management of urban stormwater runoff. In particular, catchment-wide application of distributed BMPs improved stream hydrology compared to centralized BMPs, but not enough to fully replicate forested catchment stream hydrology. Integrated planning of stormwater management, protected riparian buffers and forest land cover with suburban development in the distributed-BMP catchment enabled multi-purpose use of land that provided esthetic value and green-space, community gathering points, and wildlife habitat in addition to hydrologic stormwater treatment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007","usgsCitation":"Loperfido, J.V., Noe, G., Jarnagin, S.T., and Hogan, D.M., 2014, Effects of distributed and centralized stormwater best management practices and land cover on urban stream hydrology at the catchment scale: Journal of Hydrology, v. 519, no. Part C, p. 2584-2595, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.07.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2584","endPage":"2595","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038949","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"519","issue":"Part C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b89e4b08de9379b33e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loperfido, John V. jloperfido@usgs.gov","contributorId":4324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loperfido","given":"John","email":"jloperfido@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":2332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jarnagin, S. Taylor","contributorId":131134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarnagin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Taylor","affiliations":[{"id":7258,"text":"Landscape Ecology Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hogan, Dianna M. 0000-0003-1492-4514 dhogan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-4514","contributorId":2299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hogan","given":"Dianna","email":"dhogan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188041,"text":"70188041 - 2014 - A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:57:15","indexId":"70188041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration","docAbstract":"A parameter-optimization process (model calibration) is usually required for numerical model applications, which involves the use of an objective function to determine the model cost (model-data errors). The sum of square errors (SSR) has been widely adopted as the objective function in various optimization procedures. However, ‘square error’ calculation was found to be more sensitive to extreme or high values. Thus, we proposed that the sum of absolute errors (SAR) may be a better option than SSR for model calibration. To test this hypothesis, we used two case studies—a hydrological model calibration and a biogeochemical model calibration—to investigate the behavior of a group of potential objective functions: SSR, SAR, sum of squared relative deviation (SSRD), and sum of absolute relative deviation (SARD). Mathematical evaluation of model performance demonstrates that ‘absolute error’ (SAR and SARD) are superior to ‘square error’ (SSR and SSRD) in calculating objective function for model calibration, and SAR behaved the best (with the least error and highest efficiency). This study suggests that SSR might be overly used in real applications, and SAR may be a reasonable choice in common optimization implementations without emphasizing either high or low values (e.g., modeling for supporting resources management).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., and Liu, S., 2014, A suggestion for computing objective function in model calibration: Ecological Informatics, v. 24, p. 107-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-058778","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.002","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c2e4b092b266f10d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188050,"text":"70188050 - 2014 - Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:10:08","indexId":"70188050","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets","docAbstract":"In this study, we integrated satellite-drived precipitation and modeled evapotranspiration data (2000–2012) to describe spatial variability of hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin. Over 2000–2012 period, 4 out of 11 countries (Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda) in the Nile Basin showed a positive water balance while three downstream countries (South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt) showed a negative balance. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mass deviation in storage data analysis showed that at annual timescales, the Nile Basin storage change is substantial while over longer time periods, it is minimal (<1% of basin precipitation). We also used long-term gridded runoff and river discharge data (1869–1984) to understand the discrepancy in the observed and expected flow along the Nile River. The top three countries that contribute most to the flow are Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya. The study revealed that ∼85% of the runoff generated in the equatorial region is lost in an interstation basin that includes the Sudd wetlands in South Sudan; this proportion is higher than the literature reported loss of 50% at the Sudd wetlands alone. The loss in runoff and flow volume at different sections of the river tend to be more than what can be explained by evaporation losses, suggesting a potential recharge to deeper aquifers that are not connected to the Nile channel systems. On the other hand, we also found that the expected average annual Nile flow at Aswan is greater (97 km3) than the reported amount (84 km3). Due to the large variations of the reported Nile flow at different locations and time periods, the study results indicate the need for increased hydrometeorological instrumentation of the basin. The study also helped improve our understanding of the spatial dynamics of water sources and sinks in the Nile Basin and identified emerging hydrologic questions that require further attention.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2013WR015231","usgsCitation":"Senay, G., Velpuri, N.M., Bohms, S., Demissie, Y., and Gebremichael, M., 2014, Understanding the hydrologic sources and sinks in the Nile Basin using multisource climate and remote sensing data sets: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 11, p. 8625-8650, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015231.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"8625","endPage":"8650","ipdsId":"IP-054002","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472662,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr015231","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341873,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Nile Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 23.818359375,\n -3.688855143147035\n ],\n [\n 37.6171875,\n -3.688855143147035\n ],\n [\n 37.6171875,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n 23.818359375,\n 31.57853542647338\n ],\n [\n 23.818359375,\n -3.688855143147035\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c0e4b092b266f10d6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":166813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohms, Stefanie 0000-0002-2979-4655 sbohms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-4655","contributorId":3148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohms","given":"Stefanie","email":"sbohms@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Demissie, Yonas","contributorId":192369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demissie","given":"Yonas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gebremichael, Mekonnen","contributorId":147882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebremichael","given":"Mekonnen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188047,"text":"70188047 - 2014 - Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using 137Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T16:01:43","indexId":"70188047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1760,"text":"Geoderma","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using 137Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields","docAbstract":"Cultivated lands in the U.S. Midwest have been affected by soil erosion, causing soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution in the landscape and other environmental and agricultural problems. The importance of SOC redistribution on soil productivity and crop yield, however, is still uncertain. In this study, we used a model framework, which includes the Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition (USPED) and the Tillage Erosion Prediction (TEP) models, to understand the soil and SOC redistribution caused by water and tillage erosion in two agricultural fields in the U.S. Midwest. This model framework was evaluated for different digital elevation model (DEM) spatial resolutions (10-m, 24-m, 30-m, and 56-m) and topographic exponents (m = 1.0–1.6 and n = 1.0–1.3) using soil redistribution rates from 137Cs measurements. The results showed that the aggregated 24-m DEM, m = 1.4 and n = 1.0 for rill erosion, and m = 1.0 and n = 1.0 for sheet erosion, provided the best fit with the observation data at both sites. Moreover, estimated average SOC redistributions were 1.3 ± 9.8 g C m− 2 yr− 1 in field site 1 and 3.6 ± 14.3 g C m− 2 yr− 1 in field site 2. Spatial distribution patterns showed SOC loss (negative values) in the eroded areas and SOC gain (positive value) in the deposition areas. This study demonstrated the importance of the spatial resolution and the topographic exponents to estimate and map soil redistribution and the SOC dynamics throughout the landscape, helping to identify places where erosion and deposition from water and tillage are occurring at high rates. Additional research is needed to improve the application of the model framework for use in local and regional studies where rainfall erosivity and cover management factors vary. Therefore, using this model framework can help to improve the information about the spatial distribution of soil erosion across agricultural landscapes and to gain a better understanding of SOC dynamics within eroding and previously eroded fields.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.019","usgsCitation":"Young, C.J., Liu, S., Schumacher, J.A., Schumacher, T.E., Kaspar, T.C., McCarty, G.W., Napton, D., and Jaynes, D.B., 2014, Evaluation of a model framework to estimate soil and soil organic carbon redistribution by water and tillage using 137Cs in two U.S. Midwest agricultural fields: Geoderma, v. 232-234, p. 437-448, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.05.019.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"448","ipdsId":"IP-051307","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","volume":"232-234","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c1e4b092b266f10d71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Claudia J. 0000-0002-0859-7206 cyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":2770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"cyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumacher, Joseph A.","contributorId":192364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumacher","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schumacher, Thomas E.","contributorId":192365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schumacher","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kaspar, Thomas C.","contributorId":192366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaspar","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McCarty, Gregory W.","contributorId":192367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarty","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Napton, Darrell","contributorId":176288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Napton","given":"Darrell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jaynes, Dan B.","contributorId":192368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaynes","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70135808,"text":"70135808 - 2014 - On-orbit performance of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T15:57:22","indexId":"70135808","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"On-orbit performance of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager","docAbstract":"The Landsat 8 satellite was launched on February 11, 2013, to systematically collect multispectral images for detection and quantitative analysis of changes on the Earth’s surface. The collected data are stored at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center and continue the longest archive of medium resolution Earth images. There are two imaging instruments onboard the satellite: the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS). This paper summarizes radiometric performance of the OLI including the bias stability, the system noise, saturation and other artifacts observed in its data during the first 1.5 years on orbit. Detector noise levels remain low and Signal-To-Noise Ratio high, largely exceeding the requirements. Impulse noise and saturation are present in imagery, but have negligible effect on Landsat 8 products. Oversaturation happens occasionally, but the affected detectors quickly restore their nominal responsivity. Overall, the OLI performs very well on orbit and provides high quality products to the user community. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proc. SPIE 9218, Earth Observing Systems XIX","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Earth Observing Systems XIX","conferenceDate":"August 17, 2014","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/12.2063338","usgsCitation":"Micijevic, E., Vanderwerff, K., Scaramuzza, P., Morfitt, R., Barsi, J.A., and Levy, R., 2014, On-orbit performance of the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, in Proc. SPIE 9218, Earth Observing Systems XIX, v. 9218, San Diego, CA, August 17, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2063338.","ipdsId":"IP-059265","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9218","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4fe4b0c3010a8087d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vanderwerff, Kelly kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vanderwerff","given":"Kelly","email":"kvanderwerff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scaramuzza, Pat 0000-0002-2616-8456 pscar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-8456","contributorId":3970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scaramuzza","given":"Pat","email":"pscar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morfitt, Ron 0000-0002-4777-4877 rmorfitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-4877","contributorId":4097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morfitt","given":"Ron","email":"rmorfitt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barsi, Julia A.","contributorId":71822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barsi","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12721,"text":"NASA GSFC SSAI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Levy, Raviv","contributorId":131008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Raviv","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7209,"text":"SSAI / NASA / GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":536886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156768,"text":"70156768 - 2014 - Estimates of natural salinity and hydrology in a subtropical estuarine ecosystem: implications for Greater Everglades restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-31T11:45:35","indexId":"70156768","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of natural salinity and hydrology in a subtropical estuarine ecosystem: implications for Greater Everglades restoration","docAbstract":"Disruption of the natural patterns of freshwater flow into estuarine ecosystems occurred in many locations around the world beginning in the twentieth century. To effectively restore these systems, establishing a pre-alteration perspective allows managers to develop science-based restoration targets for salinity and hydrology. This paper describes a process to develop targets based on natural hydrologic functions by coupling paleoecology and regression models using the subtropical Greater Everglades Ecosystem as an example. Paleoecological investigations characterize the circa 1900 CE (pre-alteration) salinity regime in Florida Bay based on molluscan remains in sediment cores. These paleosalinity estimates are converted into time series estimates of paleo-based salinity, stage, and flow using numeric and statistical models. Model outputs are weighted using the mean square error statistic and then combined. Results indicate that, in the absence of water management, salinity in Florida Bay would be about 3 to 9 salinity units lower than current conditions. To achieve this target, upstream freshwater levels must be about 0.25 m higher than indicated by recent observed data, with increased flow inputs to Florida Bay between 2.1 and 3.7 times existing flows. This flow deficit is comparable to the average volume of water currently being diverted from the Everglades ecosystem by water management. The products (paleo-based Florida Bay salinity and upstream hydrology) provide estimates of pre-alteration hydrology and salinity that represent target restoration conditions. This method can be applied to any estuarine ecosystem with available paleoecologic data and empirical and/or model-based hydrologic data.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8","usgsCitation":"Marshall, F.E., Wingard, G.L., and Pitts, P.A., 2014, Estimates of natural salinity and hydrology in a subtropical estuarine ecosystem: implications for Greater Everglades restoration: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 37, no. 6, p. 1449-1466, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1449","endPage":"1466","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043059","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307638,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12237-014-9783-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Bay, Everglades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.64215087890625,\n 25.107984454913446\n ],\n [\n -81.64215087890625,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -80.10406494140625,\n 25.91111496561543\n ],\n [\n -80.10406494140625,\n 25.107984454913446\n ],\n [\n -81.64215087890625,\n 25.107984454913446\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e57aade4b05561fa208690","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marshall, Frank E.","contributorId":88962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marshall","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wingard, G. Lynn 0000-0002-3833-5207 lwingard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-5207","contributorId":605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wingard","given":"G.","email":"lwingard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lynn","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pitts, Patrick A.","contributorId":90118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitts","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139727,"text":"70139727 - 2014 - Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-30T16:37:02","indexId":"70139727","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"Ninety plant macrofossil taxa from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado, record environmental changes at high elevation (2705 m asl) in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. Present-day vegetation is aspen forest (Populus tremuloides) intermixed with species of higher (Picea, Abies) and lower (Artemisia, Quercus) elevations. Stratigraphic units 4–13 contain montane forest taxa found near the site today and several species that today generally live at lower elevations within (Abies concolor, Lycopus americanus) and outside Colorado (Najas flexilis). These data suggest near-modern climatic conditions, with slightly warmer summer and winter temperatures. This montane forest period was succeeded by a shorter treeless interval (Unit 14) representing colder and/or drier conditions. In units 15–16, conifer trees reoccur but deciduous and herb taxa are lacking, suggesting a return to warmer conditions, although cooler than during the earlier forest period. Comparison of these inferred paleoclimatic changes with the site's geochronologic framework indicates that the lower interval of sustained warmth correlates with late MIS 6–early 5b (~ 138–94 ka), the cold interval with MIS 5b (~ 94–87 ka), and the uppermost cool assemblages with MIS 5a (~ 87–77 ka).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.008","usgsCitation":"Strickland, L.E., Baker, R.G., Thompson, R.S., and Miller, D.M., 2014, Last interglacial plant macrofossils and climates from Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA: Quaternary Research, v. 82, no. 3, p. 553-566, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.07.008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"553","endPage":"566","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054428","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297662,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Snowmass Village","otherGeospatial":"Ziegler Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.98529243469238,\n 39.19467992738667\n ],\n [\n -106.98529243469238,\n 39.22447414445149\n ],\n [\n -106.94160461425781,\n 39.22447414445149\n ],\n [\n -106.94160461425781,\n 39.19467992738667\n ],\n [\n -106.98529243469238,\n 39.19467992738667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bdfe4b08de9379b3538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strickland, Laura E. 0000-0002-1958-7273 lstrickland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1958-7273","contributorId":4682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strickland","given":"Laura","email":"lstrickland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Richard G.","contributorId":38042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6768,"text":"University of Iowa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Robert S. 0000-0001-9287-2954 rthompson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9287-2954","contributorId":891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Robert","email":"rthompson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, Dane M.","contributorId":127416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Dane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70145116,"text":"70145116 - 2014 - MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T09:37:05","indexId":"70145116","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics","title":"MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics","docAbstract":"We present the software package MTpy that allows handling, processing, and imaging of magnetotelluric (MT) data sets. Written in Python, the code is open source, containing sub-packages and modules for various tasks within the standard MT data processing and handling scheme. Besides the independent definition of classes and functions, MTpy provides wrappers and convenience scripts to call standard external data processing and modelling software.
\nIn its current state, modules and functions of MTpy work on raw and pre-processed MT data. However, opposite to providing a static compilation of software, we prefer to introduce MTpy as a flexible software toolbox, whose contents can be combined and utilised according to the respective needs of the user. Just as the overall functionality of a mechanical toolbox can be extended by adding new tools, MTpy is a flexible framework, which will be dynamically extended in the future. Furthermore, it can help to unify and extend existing codes and algorithms within the (academic) MT community.
\nIn this paper, we introduce the structure and concept of MTpy . Additionally, we show some examples from an everyday work-flow of MT data processing: the generation of standard EDI data files from raw electric (E-) and magnetic flux density (B-) field time series as input, the conversion into MiniSEED data format, as well as the generation of a graphical data representation in the form of a Phase Tensor pseudosection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2014.07.013","usgsCitation":"Krieger, L., and Peacock, J.R., 2014, MTpy: A Python toolbox for magnetotellurics: Computers & Geosciences, v. 72, p. 167-175, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2014.07.013.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051294","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299334,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9abe4b027f0aee3baf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krieger, Lars","contributorId":140053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krieger","given":"Lars","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13368,"text":"University of Adelaide, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peacock, Jared R. 0000-0002-0439-0224 jpeacock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0439-0224","contributorId":4996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Jared","email":"jpeacock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70191714,"text":"70191714 - 2014 - A cross comparison of spatiotemporally enhanced springtime phenological measurements from satellites and ground in a northern U.S. mixed forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T17:06:40","indexId":"70191714","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cross comparison of spatiotemporally enhanced springtime phenological measurements from satellites and ground in a northern U.S. mixed forest","docAbstract":"Cross comparison of satellite-derived land surface phenology (LSP) and ground measurements is useful to ensure the relevance of detected seasonal vegetation change to the underlying biophysical processes. While standard 16-day and 250-m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation index (VI)-based springtime LSP has been evaluated in previous studies, it remains unclear whether LSP with enhanced temporal and spatial resolutions can capture additional details of ground phenology. In this paper, we compared LSP derived from 500-m daily MODIS and 30-m MODIS-Landsat fused VI data with landscape phenology (LP) in a northern U.S. mixed forest. LP was previously developed from intensively observed deciduous and coniferous tree phenology using an upscaling approach. Results showed that daily MODIS-based LSP consistently estimated greenup onset dates at the study area (625 m × 625 m) level with 4.48 days of mean absolute error (MAE), slightly better than that of using 16-day standard VI (4.63 days MAE). For the observed study areas, the time series with increased number of observations confirmed that post-bud burst deciduous tree phenology contributes the most to vegetation reflectance change. Moreover, fused VI time series demonstrated closer correspondences with LP at the community level (0.1-20 ha) than using MODIS alone at the study area level (390 ha). The fused LSP captured greenup onset dates for respective forest communities of varied sizes and compositions with four days of the overall MAE. This study supports further use of spatiotemporally enhanced LSP for more precise phenological monitoring.
","language":"English","doi":"10.1109/TGRS.2014.2313558","usgsCitation":"Li, L., Schwartz, M., Wang, Z., Gao, F., Schaaf, C.B., Bin Tan, Morisette, J.T., and Zhang, X., 2014, A cross comparison of spatiotemporally enhanced springtime phenological measurements from satellites and ground in a northern U.S. mixed forest: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 52, no. 12, p. 7513-7526, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2014.2313558.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"7513","endPage":"7526","ipdsId":"IP-053376","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Chequamegon–Nicolet National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.35362243652344,\n 45.83501885571072\n ],\n [\n -90.10711669921875,\n 45.83501885571072\n ],\n [\n -90.10711669921875,\n 45.98217232489232\n ],\n [\n -90.35362243652344,\n 45.98217232489232\n ],\n [\n -90.35362243652344,\n 45.83501885571072\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c6e4b0dc0b45b4541e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, Li 0000-0002-1641-3710","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-3710","contributorId":197290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Mark D.","contributorId":11092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Mark D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Zhuosen","contributorId":197296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Zhuosen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gao, Feng 0000-0002-1865-2846","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-2846","contributorId":70671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gao","given":"Feng","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6622,"text":"US Department of Agriculture","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schaaf, Crystal B.","contributorId":149538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaaf","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bin Tan","contributorId":197299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bin Tan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Xiaoyang","contributorId":197726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Xiaoyang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70122403,"text":"sir20145149 - 2014 - Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T09:29:28","indexId":"sir20145149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5149","title":"Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas","docAbstract":"Sixteen aquifers in Arkansas that currently serve or have served as sources of water supply are described with respect to existing groundwater protection and management programs, geology, hydrologic characteristics, water use, water levels, deductive analysis, projections of hydrologic conditions, and water quality. State and Federal protection and management programs are described according to regulatory oversight, management strategies, and ambient groundwater-monitoring programs that currently (2013) are in place for assessing and protecting groundwater resources throughout the State.
\n\n
Physical attributes, groundwater geochemistry, and groundwater quality are described for each of the 16 aquifers of the State. Information in regard to the hydrology and geochemistry of each of the aquifers is summarized from about 550 historical and recent publications. Additionally, more than 8,000 sites with groundwater-quality data were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System and the Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality databases and entered into a spatial database to investigate distribution and trends in chemical constituents for each of the aquifers.
\n\n
The 16 aquifers of the State were divided into two major physiographic regions of the State: the Coastal Plain Province (referred to as Coastal Plain) of eastern and southern Arkansas, which includes 11 of the 16 aquifers, and the Interior Highlands Division (referred to as Interior Highlands) of western Arkansas, which includes the remaining 5 aquifers. The 11 aquifers in the Coastal Plain consist of various geologic units that are Cenozoic in age and consist primarily of Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary sands, gravels, silts, and clays. Groundwater in the Coastal Plain represents one of the most valuable natural resources in the State, driving the economic engines of agriculture, while also supplying abundant water for commercial, industrial, and public-supply use. In terms of age from youngest to oldest, the aquifers of the Coastal Plain include Quaternary alluvial aquifers, including the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (the most important aquifer in Arkansas in terms of volume of use and economic benefits), the Jackson Group (a regional confining unit that served for decades as an important source of domestic supply), and the Cockfield, Sparta, Cane River, Carrizo, Wilcox, Nacatoch, Ozan, Tokio, and Trinity aquifers. The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer accounts for approximately 94 percent of all groundwater used in the State, and the aquifer is used primarily for irrigation purposes. The Sparta aquifer is the second most important aquifer in terms of use, and the aquifer was used in the past dominantly as a source of public and industrial supply, although increasing irrigation use is occurring because of critically declining water levels in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer. Other aquifers of the Coastal Plain generally are used as important local sources of domestic, industrial, and public supply, in addition to other minor uses. Water quality generally is good for all aquifers of the Coastal Plain, except for elevated iron concentrations and localized areas of high salinity. The high salinity results from intrusion from underlying formations, evapotranspiration processes in areas of low recharge, and inadequate flushing in downgradient areas of residual salinity from deposition in marine environments. Trends in the spatial distribution of individual chemical constituents are related to position along the flow path for most aquifers of the Coastal Plain. These trends include elevated iron and nitrate concentrations with lower pH values and dissolved solids in groundwater from the outcrop areas, transitioning to lower iron and nitrate (related to changes in redox) and higher pH and dissolved solids (dominantly from the dissolution of carbonate minerals) in groundwater downgradient from outcrop areas. Groundwater generally trended from a calcium- to a sodium-bicarbonate water type with increasing cation exchange along the flow path.
\n\n
The Interior Highlands of western Arkansas has less reported groundwater use than other areas of the State, reflecting a combination of factors. These factors include prevalent and increasing use of surface water, less intensive agricultural uses, lower population and industry densities, lesser potential yield of the resource, and lack of detailed reporting. The overall low yields of aquifers of the Interior Highlands result in domestic supply as the dominant use, with minor industrial, public, and commercial-supply use. Where greater volumes are required for growth of population and industry, surface water is the greatest supplier of water needs in the Interior Highlands. The various aquifers of the Interior Highlands generally occur in shallow, fractured, well-indurated, structurally modified bedrock of this mountainous region of the State, as compared to the relatively flat-lying, unconsolidated sediments of the Coastal Plain. In terms of age from youngest to oldest, the aquifers of the Interior Highlands include: the Arkansas River Valley alluvial aquifer, the Ouachita Mountains aquifer, the Western Interior Plains confining system, the Springfield Plateau aquifer, and the Ozark aquifer. Spatial trends in groundwater geochemistry in the Interior Highlands differ greatly from trends noted for aquifers of the Coastal Plain. In the Coastal Plain, the prevalence of long regional flow paths results in regionally predictable and mappable geochemical changes along the flow paths. In the Interior Highlands, short, topographically controlled flow paths (from hilltops to valleys) within small watersheds represent the predominant groundwater-flow system. As such, dense data coverage from numerous wells would be required to effectively characterize these groundwater basins and define small-scale geochemical changes along any given flow path for aquifers of the Interior Highlands. Changes in geochemistry generally were related to rock type and residence time along individual flow paths. Dominant changes in geochemistry for the Ouachita Mountains aquifer and the Western Interior Plains confining system are attributed to rock/water interaction and changes in redox zonation along the flow path. In these areas, groundwater evolves along flow paths from a calcium- to a sodium-bicarbonate water type with increasing reducing conditions resulting in denitrification, elevated iron and manganese concentrations, and production of methane in the more geochemically evolved and strongest reducing conditions. In the Ozark and Springfield Plateau aquifers, rapid influx of surface-derived contaminants, especially nitrogen, coupled with few to no attenuation processes was attributed to the karst landscape developed on Mississippian- and Ordovician-age carbonate rocks of the Ozark Plateaus. Increasing nitrate concentrations are related to increasing agricultural land use, and areas of mature karst development result in higher nitrate concentrations than areas with less karst features.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Kresse, T.M., Hays, P.D., Merriman, K.R., Gillip, J.A., Fugitt, D., Spellman, J.L., Nottmeier, A.M., Westerman, D.A., Blackstock, J.M., and Battreal, J.L., 2014, Aquifers of Arkansas: protection, management, and hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of groundwater resources in Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5149, Report: xxi, 334 p.; Report pages 1-111; Report pages 112-221; Report pages 222-235, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145149.","productDescription":"Report: xxi, 334 p.; Report pages 1-111; Report pages 112-221; Report pages 222-235","numberOfPages":"360","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054912","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science 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The methodology used by the USGS for the national CO2 assessment follows that of previous USGS work. This methodology is non-economic and is intended to be used at regional to sub-basinal scales.
\nThe Williston Basin of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Montana, along with the Central Montana Basins and Montana Thrust Belt study areas are adjacent and share similar geologic units. In general, the Williston Basin study area is a wide sedimentary basin, whereas the Central Montana Basins study area contains sedimentary rocks along topographic highs and flat plains, and the Montana Thrust Belt study area is more structurally complex.
\nThis report identifies and contains geologic descriptions of nine storage assessment units (SAUs) in Cambrian to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary rocks within the Williston Basin study area. The Central Montana Basins and Montana Thrust Belt study areas were also investigated for this report. Nevertheless, no SAUs in these study areas were assessed because they contained potential sources of underground drinking water; although sufficient geologic data were available, and suitable storage formations meeting our size, depth, reservoir quality, and regional seal guidelines were found. Ultimately, the report focuses on the characteristics, specified in the methodology, that influence the potential CO2 storage resource in the SAUs. Specific descriptions of the SAU boundaries as well as their sealing and reservoir units are included. Properties for each SAU, such as depth to top, gross thickness, porosity, permeability, groundwater quality, and structural reservoir traps, are usually provided to illustrate geologic factors critical to the assessment. The geologic information herein was employed, as specified in the USGS methodology, to calculate a probabilistic distribution of potential storage resources in each SAU with these assessment outputs contained in a companion results report.
\nFigures in this report show the study area boundaries along with the SAU extent and cell maps of well penetrations through sealing units into the top of the storage formations. The USGS does not necessarily know the location of all wells and cannot guarantee the full extent of drilling through specific formations in any given cell shown on the cell maps.
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This igneous intrusion contains magmatic mineralization that is variably enriched in strategic and critical commodities such as chromium, nickel, and the platinum-group elements. One deposit, the J-M Reef, is the sole source of primary production and reserves for platinum-group elements in the United States.
\n\n
A large amount of information has been collected on the Stillwater Complex. In the 1930s, academics, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the [U.S.] Bureau of Mines initiated geologic investigations on the Stillwater Complex. Since that time, more than 600 publications on the Stillwater Complex have appeared in the scientific literature. Exploration and mining companies have collected even more information since the 1920s.
\n\n
This report provides essential spatially referenced datasets based on geologic mapping and mineral exploration activities conducted from the 1920s to the 1990s. This information will facilitate research on the complex and provide background material needed to explore for mineral resources and to develop sound land-management policy.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145183","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., and Parks, H.L., 2014, A geologic and mineral exploration spatial database for the Stillwater Complex, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5183, Report: vii, 28 p.; Spatial database, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145183.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 28 p.; Spatial database","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055735","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145183.jpg"},{"id":295780,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5183/"},{"id":295806,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5183/pdf/sir2014-5183_report.pdf","size":"4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295807,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5183/downloads/SIR_2014_5183.zip","text":"Spatial database","size":"7.3 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Stillwater Complex","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54549688e4b0dc7793747c58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zientek, Michael L. 0000-0002-8522-9626 mzientek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-9626","contributorId":2420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zientek","given":"Michael","email":"mzientek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, Heather L. 0000-0002-5917-6866 hparks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5917-6866","contributorId":4989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"Heather","email":"hparks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122361,"text":"sir20145166 - 2014 - Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-31T15:21:38","indexId":"sir20145166","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5166","title":"Groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model of Antelope Valley, California","docAbstract":"Antelope Valley, California, is a topographically closed basin in the western part of the Mojave Desert, about 50 miles northeast of Los Angeles. The Antelope Valley groundwater basin is about 940 square miles and is separated from the northern part of Antelope Valley by faults and low-lying hills. Prior to 1972, groundwater provided more than 90 percent of the total water supply in the valley; since 1972, it has provided between 50 and 90 percent. Most groundwater pumping in the valley occurs in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin, which includes the rapidly growing cities of Lancaster and Palmdale. Groundwater-level declines of more than 270 feet in some parts of the groundwater basin have resulted in an increase in pumping lifts, reduced well efficiency, and land subsidence of more than 6 feet in some areas. Future urban growth and limits on the supply of imported water may increase reliance on groundwater.
\n\n
In 2011, the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California ruled that the Antelope Valley groundwater basin is in overdraft—groundwater extractions are in excess of the Court-defined safe yield of the groundwater basin. The Court determined that the safe yield of the adjudicated area of the basin was 110,000 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr). Natural recharge is an important component of total groundwater recharge in Antelope Valley; however, the exact quantity and distribution of natural recharge, primarily in the form of mountain-front recharge, is uncertain, with total estimates ranging from 30,000 to 160,000 acre-ft/yr. Technical experts, retained by parties to the adjudication, used 60,000 acre-ft/yr to estimate the sustainable yield of the basin, and this value was used in this study. In order to better understand the uncertainty associated with natural recharge and to provide a tool to aid in groundwater management, a numerical model of groundwater flow and land subsidence in the Antelope Valley groundwater basin was developed using old and new geohydrologic information.
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The groundwater-flow system consists of three aquifers: the upper, middle, and lower aquifers. The three aquifers, which were identified on the basis of the hydrologic properties, age, and depth of the unconsolidated deposits, consist of gravel, sand, silt, and clay alluvial deposits and clay and silty clay lacustrine deposits. Prior to groundwater development in the valley, recharge was primarily the infiltration of runoff from the surrounding mountains. Groundwater flowed from the recharge areas to discharge areas around the playas where it discharged from the aquifer system as either evapotranspiration or from springs. Partial barriers to horizontal groundwater flow, such as faults, have been identified in the groundwater basin. Water-level declines owing to groundwater development have eliminated the natural sources of discharge, and pumping for agricultural and urban uses have become the primary source of discharge from the groundwater system. Infiltration of return flow from agricultural irrigation has become an important source of recharge to the aquifer system.
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The groundwater-flow model of the basin was discretized horizontally into a grid of 130 rows and 118 columns of square cells 1 kilometer (0.621 mile) on a side, and vertically into four layers representing the upper (two layers), middle (one layer), and lower (one layer) aquifers. Faults that were thought to act as horizontal-flow barriers were simulated in the model. The model was calibrated to simulate steady-state conditions, represented by 1915 water levels and transient-state conditions during 1915–95, by using water-level and subsidence data. Initial estimates of the aquifer-system properties and stresses were obtained from a previously published numerical model of the Antelope Valley groundwater basin; estimates also were obtained from recently collected hydrologic data and from results of simulations of groundwater-flow and land-subsidence models of the Edwards Air Force Base area. Some of these initial estimates were modified during model calibration. Groundwater pumpage for agriculture was estimated on the basis of irrigated crop acreage and crop consumptive-use data. Pumpage for public supply, which is metered, was compiled and entered into a database used for this study. Estimated annual agricultural pumpage peaked at 395,000 acre-feet (acre-ft) in 1951 and then declined because of declining agricultural production. Recharge from irrigation return flows was assumed to be 30 percent of agricultural pumpage; delays associated with return flow moving through the unsaturated zone were also simulated. The annual quantity of mountain-front recharge initially was based on estimates from previous studies. The model was calibrated using the PEST software suite; prior information from the area was incorporated through the use of Tikhonov regularization. During model calibration, the estimated mountain-front recharge was reduced from the previous estimate of 30,300 acre-ft/yr to 29,150 acre-ft/yr.
\n\n
Results of the simulations using the calibrated model indicate that simulated groundwater pumpage exceeded recharge in most years, resulting in an estimated cumulative depletion in groundwater storage of 8,700,000 acre-ft during the transient-simulation period (1915–2005). About 15,000,000 acre-ft of cumulative groundwater pumpage was simulated during the transient-simulation period (1915–2005), reaching a maximum rate of about 400,000 acre-ft/yr in 1951. Groundwater pumpage resulted in simulated hydraulic heads declining by more than 150 feet (ft) compared to 1915 conditions in agricultural areas. The decline in hydraulic head in the groundwater basin is the result of this depletion of groundwater storage. In turn, the simulated decline in hydraulic head in the groundwater basin has resulted in the decrease in natural discharge from the basin and has caused compaction of aquitards, resulting in land subsidence. The areal distribution of total simulated land subsidence for 2005, after about 90 years of groundwater development, indicates that land subsidence occurred throughout almost the entire Lancaster subbasin, with a maximum of about 9.4 ft in the central and eastern parts of the subbasin.
\n\n
An important objective of this study was to systematically address the uncertainty in estimates of natural recharge and related aquifer parameters by using the groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model with observational data and expert knowledge. After the model was calibrated to the observations and a reasonable parameter set obtained, the parameter null space—parameter values that do not appreciably affect the model calibration but may have importance for prediction—was identified. The effect of parameter uncertainty on the estimation of mountain-front recharge was addressed using the Null-Space Monte Carlo method. The Pareto trade-off method of visualizing uncertainty was also used to portray the reasonableness of larger natural-recharge rates. Results indicate that the total mountain-front recharge likely ranges between 28,000 and 44,000 acre-ft/yr, which is appreciably less than published estimates of 60,000 acre-ft/yr. Additionally, expected errors associated with agricultural pumpage estimates used in this study were found to have relatively little effect on the estimates of mountain-front recharge, reflecting the difficulty in increasing recharge through manipulation of other components of the water budget.
\n\n
The calibrated model was used to simulate the response of the aquifer to potential future pumping scenarios: (1) no change in the distribution of pumpage, or status quo; (2) redistribution of pumpage; and (3) artificial recharge. All three of these scenarios specify a total pumpage throughout the Antelope Valley of 110,000 acre-ft/yr according to the safe yield value ruled by the Los Angeles County Superior Court of California. This reduction in groundwater pumpage is assumed uniform throughout the basin, based on a 10-percent reduction of the total pumpage in 2005 to achieve the 110,000 acre-ft/yr level. The calibrated Antelope Valley groundwater-flow and land-subsidence model was used to simulate the hydrologic effects of the three groundwater-management scenarios during a 50-year period by using the reduced, temporally constant, pumpage distribution.
\n\n
Results from the first scenario indicated that the total drawdown observed since predevelopment would continue, with values exceeding 325 ft near Palmdale; consequently, land subsidence would also continue, with additional subsidence (since 2005) exceeding 3 ft in the central part of the Lancaster subbasin. The second scenario evaluated redistributing pumpage from areas in the Lancaster subbasin where simulated hydraulic-head declines were the greatest to areas where declines were smallest. Neither a formal optimization algorithm nor water-rights allocations were considered when redistributing the pumpage. Results indicated that hydraulic heads near Palmdale, where the pumpage was reduced, would recover by about 200 ft compared to 2005 conditions, with only 30 ft of additional drawdown in the northwestern part of the Lancaster subbasin, where the pumpage was increased. The magnitude of the simulated additional land subsidence decreased slightly compared to the first, status quo, scenario but land subsidence continued to be simulated throughout most of the northern part of the Lancaster subbasin. The third scenario consisted of two artificial-recharge simulations along the Upper Amargosa Creek channel and at a site located north of Antelope Buttes. Results indicate that applying artificial recharge at these sites would yield continued drawdowns and associated land subsidence. However, the magnitudes of drawdown and subsidence would be smaller than those simulated in the status quo scenario, indicating that artificial-recharge operations in the Antelope Valley could be expected to reduce the magnitude and extent of continued water-level declines and associated land subsidence.
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