The Mariano Lake and Ruby 1 uranium orebodies, which together comprise much of the uranium ore in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico, occur in sandstones in the lower part of the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. The orebodies, which are offset by faults of Laramide age, are enriched in an amorphous organic material that was introduced into the host sandstone after deposition. The enrichment by this organic material, in ore, is an important characteristic of the primary uranium deposits in the Grants uranium region. However, the close proximity of the chemically reduced ore zones to oxidized rock is suggestive that the deposits represent accumulations of uranium redistributed by reduction-oxidation processes from preexisting primary deposits.Within the ores, whole-rock abundances of organic carbon correlate positively with uranium contents. This correlation is consistent with petrologic evidence which indicates that uranium is everywhere intimately admixed with the amorphous organic material. Ore zones are also enriched in vanadium (as ore-stage vanadiferous chlorite) and sulfur (as ore-stage iron disulfide minerals with delta 34 S values ranging from -29 to -42ppm).Petrographic observations demonstrate that Smith Lake uranium mineralization occurred early (before major burial compaction) in the paragenetic sequence of host-rock diagenetic alterations but was preceded by precipitation of authigenic iron disulfides (delta 34 S values ranging from -11 to -38ppm), mixed-layered smectite-illite clays, and potassium feldspars.Additional preore alterations included dissolution of detrital sanidine and plagioclase and the leaching of iron from detrital iron-titanium oxide grains. Following mineralization, varying amounts of authigenic calcite and barite formed, both of which were partly replaced by kaolinitc. Oxidation of some previously formed iron disulfide minerals occurred late in the paragenetic sequence, as did localized precipitation of native selenium, pyrite, and very minor amounts of uranium minerals.The positive correlation between contents of uranium and organic carbon and the admixture of uranium with the amorphous organic material indicates that the Mariano Lake and Ruby 1 deposits are primary-type uranium orebodies. The offset of orebodies by Laramide faults and radiometric age determinations of the ores are also consistent with a primary origin for the deposits. Late Tertiary oxygenated ground waters locally modified original chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the ores in part by leaching some uranium. Secondary uranium minerals precipitated from the partly leached primary ores are sparse in the mine area; such recycled uranium appears to represent an insignificant proportion of the total uranium in the Smith Lake district.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.5.1348","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Fishman, N., Reynolds, R.L., and Robertson, J., 1985, Uranium mineralization in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico.: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 5, p. 1348-1364, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.5.1348.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1348","endPage":"1364","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdc2e4b08c986b3291eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, N.S.","contributorId":59441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, R. L. 0000-0002-4572-2942","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":79885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":364431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robertson, J. F.","contributorId":11194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013050,"text":"70013050 - 1985 - SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO GROUND MOTION SOURCE AND SITE PARAMETERS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013050","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO GROUND MOTION SOURCE AND SITE PARAMETERS.","docAbstract":"Designing structures to withstand earthquakes requires an accurate estimation of the expected ground motion. While engineers use the peak ground acceleration (PGA) to model the strong ground motion, seismologists use physical characteristics of the source and the rupture mechanism, such as fault length, stress drop, shear wave velocity, seismic moment, distance, and attenuation. This study presents a method for calculating response spectra from seismological models using random vibration theory. It then investigates the effect of various source and site parameters on peak response. Calculations are based on a nonstationary stochastic ground motion model, which can incorporate all the parameters both in frequency and time domains. The estimation of the peak response accounts for the effects of the non-stationarity, bandwidth and peak correlations of the response.","conferenceTitle":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2, New York to Southampton","language":"English","publisher":"Computational Mechanics Ltd","publisherLocation":"Southampton, Engl","isbn":"0905451341","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1985, SENSITIVITY OF STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO GROUND MOTION SOURCE AND SITE PARAMETERS., Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference., Aboard the Queen Elizabeth 2, New York to Southampton.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220173,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf35e4b0c8380cd87453","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brebbia, C.A.","contributorId":112425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brebbia","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cakmak, A.S.","contributorId":114101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cakmak","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508475,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ghaffar, Abdel","contributorId":113250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ghaffar","given":"Abdel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Safak, Erdal","contributorId":73984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"Erdal","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013047,"text":"70013047 - 1985 - Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013047","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity","docAbstract":"Most of the old cratered highlands of Mars are dissected by branching river valleys that appear to have been cut by running water1,2 yet liquid water is unstable everywhere on the martian surface. In the equatorial region, where most of the valleys are observed, even ice is unstable3,4. It has been suggested, therefore, that Mars had an early denser atmosphere with sufficient greenhouse warming to allow the existence of liquid water 5. Here, we suggest instead that during periods of very high obliquities, ice could accumulate at low latitudes as a result of sustained sublimation of ice from the poles and transport of the water vapour equatorwards. At low latitudes, the water vapour would saturate the atmosphere and condense onto the surface where it would accumulate until lower obliquities prevailed. The mechanism is efficient only at the very high obliquities that occurred before formation of Tharsis very early in the planet's history, but limited equatorial ice accumulation could also have occurred at the highest obliquities during the rest of the planet's history. Partial melting of the ice could have provided runoff to form the channels or replenish the groundwater system. ?? 1985 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/315559a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Jakosky, B., and Carr, M.H., 1985, Possible precipitation of ice at low latitudes of Mars during periods of high obliquity: Nature, v. 315, no. 6020, p. 559-561, https://doi.org/10.1038/315559a0.","startPage":"559","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205008,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315559a0"},{"id":220122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"315","issue":"6020","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e35e4b0c8380cd7a3d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakosky, B. M.","contributorId":103003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakosky","given":"B. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013098,"text":"70013098 - 1985 - Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-08T23:32:02.199057","indexId":"70013098","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California","docAbstract":"The West Shasta massive sulfide district is in the easternmost of a series of accreted island-arc and oceanic crust terranes that comprise the Klamath Mountains. A sequence of submarine volcanic rocks of predominantly Early Devonian age is the principal component of the island-arc terrane in which the sulfide deposits are hosted. The Copley Greenstone, consisting mainly of andesitic and basaltic pillow lavas and breccias totaling at least 1,800 m in thickness, is the oldest rock unit in the sequence. It is overlain and also intruded by dikes of the Balaklala Rhyolite. Northeast of the West Shasta district, greenstone also overlies the Balaklala Rhyolite, suggesting that a major greenstone unit may overlie potentially mineralized rhyolite east of the district. However, recent studies have shown that the complex relations in that area can be explained by folding.The Balaklala sequence consists of silicic flows, breccias, and tuffs having a maximum thickness somewhat in excess of 1,000 m. The Balaklala has been divided by Kinkel et al. (1956) into three units: a lower nonporphyritic to slightly porphyritic unit containing large amounts of breccia and tuff; a middle unit characterized by rhyolite containing quartz phenocrysts 1 to 4 mm in diameter but also containing a complex assortment of tuff, breccia, and pyritic massive sulfide bodies in its upper part; and an upper unit typically containing dark quartz phenocrysts in excess of 4 mm in diameter. Much of the lower part of the upper unit is pyroclastic material, whereas most of the upper part of the unit appears to be a massive volcanic-flow rock. At least half a dozen eruptive centers for the Balaklala Rhyolite are identified, three of them within an area measuring 17 X 3 km that constitutes the limits of the former mining district.The youngest unit in the arc sequence is the Kennett Formation consisting of black shale and chert containing radiolarians, which indicate fairly deep-water deposition in its lower part, and limestone containing a shallow water fauna of probable Middle Devonian age in the upper part. A 400-m.y.-old trondhjemite stock, named the Mule Mountain stock, intrudes the Copley Greenstone and Balaklala Rhyolite and is considered to be essentially coeval with these volcanic units.The pyritic massive sulfide deposits occur in clusters of individual bodies owing in large part to disruption by postmineral faults. The deposits are stratigraphically confined to the upper part of the subhorizontal middle unit of the Balaklala, and their horizontal distribution is here interpreted to have been controlled by an extensional tectonic regime that prevailed during Early Devonian time. The major geologic evidence for such a regime is the marked preferred elongations exhibited by the distribution of the afore-mentioned eruptive centers, the eight or nine massive sulfide clusters in the district, and the geometrically similar distribution of the clusters in relation to each other. The preferred directions of elongation in both the detailed and broader senses may be generalized to N 20 degrees to 25 degrees E, N 37 degrees E, N 60 degrees to 80 degrees E, and N 40 degrees to 60 degrees W. The three northeast trends dominate throughout the district, whereas the northwest trend is evident mainly in the northern part and is more speculative. The major deposit clusters fall at intersections of the major trends, some of which may have been grabens. Trend intersections having no known deposits may be good exploration targets in localities where the stratigraphically favorable middle unit of the Balaklala is still present.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2072","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Albers, J.P., and Bain, J., 1985, Regional setting and new information on some critical geologic features of the West Shasta district, California: Economic Geology, v. 80, no. 8, p. 2072-2091, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.80.8.2072.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2072","endPage":"2091","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1985-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a577e4b0e8fec6cdbe12","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, J. P.","contributorId":81505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bain, J.H.C.","contributorId":84073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bain","given":"J.H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29669,"text":"wri844128 - 1985 - A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:23:59.479672","indexId":"wri844128","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4128","title":"A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California","docAbstract":"A conceptual groundwater-quality monitoring network was developed for San Fernando Valley to provide the California State Water Resources Control Board with an integrated, basinwide control system to monitor the quality of groundwater. The geology, occurrence and movement of groundwater, land use, background water quality, and potential sources of pollution were described and then considered in designing the conceptual monitoring network. The network was designed to monitor major known and potential point and nonpoint sources of groundwater contamination over time. The network is composed of 291 sites where wells are needed to define the groundwater quality. The ideal network includes four specific-purpose networks to monitor (1) ambient water quality, (2) nonpoint sources of pollution, (3) point sources of pollution, and (4) line sources of pollution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844128","usgsCitation":"Setmire, J.G., 1985, A conceptual ground-water-quality monitoring network for San Fernando Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4128, Report: iv, 49 p.; 6 Plates: 35.96 x 24.93 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844128.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 49 p.; 6 Plates: 35.96 x 24.93 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415361,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36006.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58497,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58496,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58495,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58494,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58493,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58492,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122748,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4128/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Fernando Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.083\n ],\n [\n -118.196,\n 34.083\n ],\n [\n -118.196,\n 34.375\n ],\n [\n -118.669,\n 34.375\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b000d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Setmire, J. G.","contributorId":16818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013048,"text":"70013048 - 1985 - The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-04T16:38:35","indexId":"70013048","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.","docAbstract":"An 800-km 2 area of rough topography around the head of Hudson Canyon off the eastern United States is attributed to erosion by tilefish ( Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps ) and associated species of crustaceans. The rough topography has a relief of 1-10 m, occurs in water depths of 120-500 m, and has been cut into a semilithified, silty clay substrate since the onset of the Holocene transgression. Commercial fishing activity indicates that a large population of tilefish, which dig burrows in the sea floor, occupy the area of the rough topography. Average tilefish burrows are 1.6 m in diameter and 1.7 m in depth. They have a clustered, not uniform, distribution, and their average density is 2,500 per km 2 . The close match of areas of rough topography and high tilefish populations, the active burrowing of the sea floor, and the clustered distribution of the burrows suggest that the hummocky topography in this area may be the result of continuous erosion by tilefish and associated crustaceans during the Holocene. An erosion rate of 13 cm per 1,000 years is necessary to create this topography during the past 13,000 years--and 18 cm per 1,000 years if(as is more likely based on the depths at which tilefish presently are found) the erosion started 9,000 years ago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D., Grimes, C.B., Jones, R.S., and Able, K., 1985, The role of erosion by fish in shaping topography around Hudson submarine canyon.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 55, no. 5, p. 712-719, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F87C9-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"712","endPage":"719","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220171,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.6,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -72,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -72.6,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -72.6,\n 39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf6be4b08c986b32479a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, D.C.","contributorId":84304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grimes, Craig B.","contributorId":68261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grimes","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, R. S.","contributorId":26288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Able, K.W.","contributorId":66786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Able","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":94018,"text":"94018 - 1985 - Submitting samples for fish disease diagnosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-28T14:40:25","indexId":"94018","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Submitting samples for fish disease diagnosis","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"86-023/FF","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, A., and Hoffman, G.L., 1985, Submitting samples for fish disease diagnosis, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":127282,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699b6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitchell, A.J.","contributorId":16345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffman, G. L.","contributorId":70713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013489,"text":"70013489 - 1985 - EFFECT OF SANTA ROSA LAKE ON GROUND WATER FLOW TO THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013489","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"EFFECT OF SANTA ROSA LAKE ON GROUND WATER FLOW TO THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO.","docAbstract":"In 1980, Santa Rosa Dam began impounding water on the Pecos River about 7 miles (11 kilometers) north of Santa Rosa, New Mexico, to provide flood control and storage for irrigation. Santa Rosa Lake has caused changes in the ground water flow system, which may cause changes in the streamflow of the Pecos River that cannot be detected at the present streamflow-gaging stations, which are used to administer water rights along the Pecos River. The effect of the lake on streamflow was investigated using a three-dimensional ground water flow model. These simulations indicated that the net change in ground water flow to the river would be almost zero if the lake were maintained at its flood control pool for 90 days.","conferenceTitle":"Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems.","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624722","usgsCitation":"Risser, D.W., 1985, EFFECT OF SANTA ROSA LAKE ON GROUND WATER FLOW TO THE PECOS RIVER, NEW MEXICO., Development and Management Aspects of Irrigation and Drainage Systems., San Antonio, TX, USA, p. 469-476.","startPage":"469","endPage":"476","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0456e4b0c8380cd50901","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risser, Dennis W. 0000-0001-9597-5406 dwrisser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9597-5406","contributorId":898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risser","given":"Dennis","email":"dwrisser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":366170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96367,"text":"96367 - 1985 - Climate, snow accumulation, and melt in Sequoia National Park, California. Final contract report to the Sequoia Natural History Association","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96367","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Climate, snow accumulation, and melt in Sequoia National Park, California. Final contract report to the Sequoia Natural History Association","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N., 1985, Climate, snow accumulation, and melt in Sequoia National Park, California. Final contract report to the Sequoia Natural History Association, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"56","numberOfPages":"56","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127603,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de1c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, N.L.","contributorId":17559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"N.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169266,"text":"70169266 - 1985 - Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T16:45:19","indexId":"70169266","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness","docAbstract":"Actions to reduce earthquake hazards can be divided into five phases:two occur before the event, one during the event, and two after the event. The phases are: (1) Mitigation techniques taken anywhere from 1 to 20 years before the event, (2) preparedness measures taken 1 to 20 weeks before the event, (3) response during the actual event, (4) recovery operations over 1 to 20 weeks, and (5) reconstruction activities taken from 1 to 20 years. The magnitude of the earthquake and the resources available to communities and individuals will very these times.
\nA prerequisite to personal preparedness is familiarity with and concern about the other hazard-reduction phases. Strengthening the structure of the home, storing water, and showing family members how to shut off utility-supply lines are only a part of personal preparedness. Equally important are other phases such as picking up children from an evacuated school, securing heavy objects at the work palce as well as in the home, and retrofitting the commuter-highway overpasses needed to reunite a family.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Kockelman, W., 1985, Reducing losses from earthquakes through personal preparedness: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 50-59.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"59","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be49e4b0f59b85e02ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kockelman, W. J.","contributorId":55427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kockelman","given":"W. 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G.","contributorId":60976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketola","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013488,"text":"70013488 - 1985 - WATER INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013488","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"WATER INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.","docAbstract":"As a part of the Geological Survey's program of releasing water data to the public, two large-scale computerized systems are maintained. The National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System was developed to provide more effective and efficient management of data-releasing activities and provides for the processing, storage, and retrieval of surface-water, ground-water and water-quality data. Another service available is providing assistance to users of water data to identify, locate, and acquire needed data. This service is provided by the National Water Data Exchange, which has the mission to identify sources of water data and to provide the connection between those who acquire and those who use water data.","conferenceTitle":"Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Buffalo, NY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624676","usgsCitation":"Showen, C.R., 1985, WATER INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY., Computer Applications in Water Resources, Proceedings of the ASCE Specialty Conference., Buffalo, NY, USA, p. 364-372.","startPage":"364","endPage":"372","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220312,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc38ee4b08c986b32b246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Showen, Charles R.","contributorId":105717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Showen","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95169,"text":"95169 - 1985 - Development of biannual spawning behavior in a rainbow trout population","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:53","indexId":"95169","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Development of biannual spawning behavior in a rainbow trout population","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid Reproduction: An International Symposium: Review Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Bellevue, WA","collaboration":"None/NF","usgsCitation":"Kincaid, H.L., 1985, Development of biannual spawning behavior in a rainbow trout population, in Salmonid Reproduction: An International Symposium: Review Papers.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65df6e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Iwamoto, R.N.","contributorId":112881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwamoto","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505339,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sower, S.","contributorId":112882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sower","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505340,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kincaid, H. L.","contributorId":21891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kincaid","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96340,"text":"96340 - 1985 - Prescribed fire smoke management guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"96340","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Prescribed fire smoke management guide","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Wildfire Coordinating Group","usgsCitation":"Ferry, G., Albeita, F., Bancroft, L., McCleese, W., Miller, H., Mutch, R., Ryan, H., van Wagtendonk, J., Wilson, R., and Zontek, F., 1985, Prescribed fire smoke management guide, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"24","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":11987,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nwcg.gov/pms/pms.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ferry, G.","contributorId":94240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferry","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Albeita, F.","contributorId":91434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albeita","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bancroft, L.","contributorId":49728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bancroft","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCleese, W.L.","contributorId":101589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCleese","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, H.N.","contributorId":33653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"H.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mutch, R.","contributorId":86714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mutch","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryan, H.","contributorId":94241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wilson, R.","contributorId":65407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zontek, F.","contributorId":73137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zontek","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70169255,"text":"70169255 - 1985 - Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:29:15","indexId":"70169255","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center","docAbstract":"The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC), a part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has been given the task of collecting, managing, and disseminating the great mass of inofmation produced by scientific observations of the geophysical environment. This article describes NGDC data bases that speifically relate to natural hazards.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lockridge, P., 1985, Natural hazards activities of the National Geophysical Data Center: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 17, no. 2, p. 60-69.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"69","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319264,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be47e4b0f59b85e02eb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockridge, P. A.","contributorId":34601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockridge","given":"P. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96364,"text":"96364 - 1985 - Graptemys pulchra","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96364","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Graptemys pulchra","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J., 1985, Graptemys pulchra, chap. of Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, p. 3,601-3,602.","productDescription":"p. 3601-3602","startPage":"3,601","endPage":"3,602","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127652,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2a62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, J.E.","contributorId":102411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95202,"text":"95202 - 1985 - Breeding guidelines for abating inadvertent genetic change in trout hatchery brood stocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:51","indexId":"95202","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Breeding guidelines for abating inadvertent genetic change in trout hatchery brood stocks","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Salmonid Reproduction: An International Symposium: Review Papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Bellevue, WA","collaboration":"514/FH","usgsCitation":"Phelps, S., Schill, W.B., and Simon, R., 1985, Breeding guidelines for abating inadvertent genetic change in trout hatchery brood stocks, in Salmonid Reproduction: An International Symposium: Review Papers.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127032,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb4e0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Iwamoto, R.N.","contributorId":112881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwamoto","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505372,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sower, S.","contributorId":112882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sower","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505373,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, S.R.","contributorId":39714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schill, W. B.","contributorId":60146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schill","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simon, R.C.","contributorId":34454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013487,"text":"70013487 - 1985 - Forecast model for moderate earthquakes near Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:48:27.748827","indexId":"70013487","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecast model for moderate earthquakes near Parkfield, California","docAbstract":"Earthquake instability models have possible application to earthquake forecasting because the models simulate both preseismic and coseismic changes of fault slip and ground deformation. In the forecast procedure proposed here, repeated measurements of preseismic fault slip and ground deformation constrain the values of model parameters. The early part of the model simulation corresponds to the available field data, and the subsequent part constitutes an estimate of future faulting and ground deformation. In particular, the time, location, and size of unstable faulting are estimates of the pending earthquake parameters. The forecast accuracy depends on the model realism and parameter resolution. The forecast procedure is applied to fault creep and trilateration data measured near Parkfield, California, where at least five magnitude 5.5 to 6 earthquakes have occurred regularly since 1881, the last in 1966. The quasi-static model consists of a flat vertical plane embedded in an elastic half space. Spacially variable fault slip of strike-slip sense is driven by an increasing regional shear stress but is impeded by a relatively strong patch of brittle, strain-softening fault. The field data are consistent with these approximate values of patch parameters: radius of 3 km, patch center 5 km deep and 8 km southeast of the 1966 epicenter, and maximum brittle strength of 26 bars. Fluctuations in the available field data prevent estimating the earthquake time with any more precision than use of the 21±8 year recurrence interval. However, the model may later give a more precise estimate of the earthquake time if the fault slip rate near the inferred patch increases before the earthquake, as predicted by the model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB090iB01p00592","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Stuart, W.D., Archuleta, R.J., and Lindh, A.G., 1985, Forecast model for moderate earthquakes near Parkfield, California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 90, no. B1, p. 592-604, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB090iB01p00592.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"592","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220311,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e7ce4b0c8380cd534a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuart, William D. stuart@usgs.gov","contributorId":3223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuart","given":"William","email":"stuart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":366166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archuleta, Ralph J.","contributorId":77801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindh, Allan Goddard","contributorId":59798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"Allan","email":"","middleInitial":"Goddard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013589,"text":"70013589 - 1985 - ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013589","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY.","docAbstract":"Because modern geochemical laboratories can seldom have all new analytical equipment, it is clear that priorities must be assigned and choices made when selecting each new instrument. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy has come to play a vital role in this environment largely because it is a dependable, multielement, rapid method that covers a wide range of elemental concentrations, commonly with only one sample preparation. The following discussion centers on the role of modern XRF instrumentation in the resolution of geochemical problems. In order to present a comprehensive view of this role, this paper draws upon a great deal of information from numerous X-ray laboratories visited in the United States and Canada.","largerWorkTitle":"Advances in X-Ray Analysis","conferenceTitle":"Advances in X-Ray Analysis, Volume 28 (Proceedings of the 1984 Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis).","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Plenum Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"03760308","isbn":"0306419394","usgsCitation":"Taggart, J., 1985, ROLE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE IN A MODERN GEOCHEMICAL LABORATORY., in Advances in X-Ray Analysis, v. 28, Denver, CO, USA, p. 17-24.","startPage":"17","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220597,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a936de4b0c8380cd80dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taggart, Joseph E.","contributorId":8992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"Joseph E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":96353,"text":"96353 - 1985 - Flocking and predator avoidance in wintering sandpipers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"96353","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Flocking and predator avoidance in wintering sandpipers","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"San Diego State University","publisherLocation":"San Diego, CA","collaboration":"Ecology Seminar Series","usgsCitation":"Kus, B., 1985, Flocking and predator avoidance in wintering sandpipers.","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eec57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kus, B.E.","contributorId":99492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kus","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013097,"text":"70013097 - 1985 - Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:33:54","indexId":"70013097","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors","docAbstract":"Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley Farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers (AEROCHEM METRICS MODEL 301) were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if: (1) collection efficiences of precipitation are affected by small distances between the Universal (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances. Average collection efficiencies were 97% for weekly sampling periods compared with the rain gage. Collection efficiencies were examined by seasons and precipitation volume. Neither factor significantly affected collection efficiency. No evaporation loss was found by comparing daily sampling to weekly sampling at the collection site, which was classified as a subtropical climate. Correlation coefficients for pH and specific conductance of daily samples and weekly samples ranged from 0.83 to 0.99.Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if: (1) collection efficiencies of precipitation are affected by small distances between the University (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00285443","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Schroder, L., Linthurst, R., Ellson, J., and Vozzo, S., 1985, Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiencies using automatic collectors: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 24, no. 2, p. 177-187, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443.","startPage":"177","endPage":"187","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219833,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443"}],"volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f858e4b0c8380cd4d039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Linthurst, R.A.","contributorId":27604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Linthurst","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellson, J.E.","contributorId":97628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellson","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vozzo, S.F.","contributorId":104623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vozzo","given":"S.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013100,"text":"70013100 - 1985 - GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70013100","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.","docAbstract":"The number or types of origins of the components of a coal bed cannot be determined from its bulk composition. Minerals such as quartz, calcite, and pyrite as well as macerals such as vitrinite can originate from a variety of processes that result from different depositional conditions. The Upper Freeport coal bed was studied and characterized by sampling and analyzing its mappable subunits (facies) over a 120-sq mi area in west-central Pennsylvania. The study was based on field description of mine faces and description of X-ray radiographs of core. A geochemical model proposed for the origin of facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed is consistent with interpretations of modern peat formation resulting from the interaction of climate, plant types, rainfall, ground water geochemistry, nutrient supply, and sedimentation. This model provides a means to evaluate and predict more precisely the variability of a coal resource's quality.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Pittsburgh","publisherLocation":"Pittsburgh, PA, USA","usgsCitation":"Stanton, R., Cecil, C.B., Pierce, B., Ruppert, L., and Dulong, F., 1985, GEOLOGIC PROCESSES AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF THE UPPER FREEPORT COAL BED, WEST-CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA., Proceedings - Second Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.","startPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1450e4b0c8380cd549c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, R.W.","contributorId":19164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cecil, C. B. 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":62204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, B.S.","contributorId":13639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruppert, L.F. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":59043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"L.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013253,"text":"70013253 - 1985 - Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-18T15:54:19.796466","indexId":"70013253","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska","docAbstract":"Shelikof Strait, a nearly parallel-sided marine channel between the Kodiak Island group and the Alaska Peninsula, has experienced a succession of distinct sedimentary environments during Quaternary time. Pleistocene glaciers carved a deep basin into bedrock in the southwest part of the strait and a shallower platform surface with incised channels in the northeast. The basin and channels were filled with glacial and glacialmarine sediment before and during the time that ice retreated and oceanic conditions returned. Restricted marine conditions prevailed in early Holocene time and sediment prograded transversely into the strait from the adjacent landmasses, with some localized dispersal to the deep, central strait. Onset of modern open-marine conditions commenced when regional currents breached the sill across Kennedy and Stevenson Entrances to combine with sediment-laden outflow from Cook Inlet and deposit a blanket of well-stratified sediment throughout the strait.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(85)90118-5","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., 1985, Quaternary sedimentation in Shelikof Strait, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 62, no. 3-4, p. 213-253, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(85)90118-5.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"213","endPage":"253","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220472,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shelikof Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.31521315009502,\n 57.41329018484549\n ],\n [\n -152.28348485588108,\n 57.41329018484549\n ],\n [\n -152.28348485588108,\n 58.81251726586029\n ],\n [\n -156.31521315009502,\n 58.81251726586029\n ],\n [\n -156.31521315009502,\n 57.41329018484549\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"62","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a92d7e4b0c8380cd80aa3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013062,"text":"70013062 - 1985 - Vent evolution and lag breccia formation during the Cape Riva eruption of Santorini, Greece","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:44:32.08347","indexId":"70013062","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vent evolution and lag breccia formation during the Cape Riva eruption of Santorini, Greece","docAbstract":"The 18,500 yr. b.p. Cape Riva (CR) eruption of Santorini vented several km3 or more of magma, generating four eruption units: a basal Plinian fall deposit (CR-A) and three pyroclastic flow deposits (CR-B to CR-D upwards). CR-B and CR-D are welded ignimbrites; CR-C consists predominantly of up to 25 m thick coarse, lithic-rich co-ignimbrite lag breccias resulting from a climactic phase of the eruption. The initial Plinian phase occurred from a localized vent in N Santorini, and subsequent column collapse resulted in emplacement of CR-B. Towards the end of CR-B, new conduits were activated and pyroclastic flows discharged from multiple vents to generate the lag breccias (CR-C). CR-D probably records a return to a localized vent as the eruption waned. The eruption sampled a zoned magma chamber containing rhyodacite overlying andesite, and leaks of these magmas were manifested as the Skaros-Therasia lavas preceding the CR eruption. Plinian and initial ignimbrite stages occurred while the magma chamber was overpressured; subsequent underpressuring, due to magma discharge, caused fracturing of the chamber roof, caldera collapse, and eruption of pyroclastic flows from multiple vents. Activation and widening of new conduits during collapse resulted in the rapid escalation of discharge rate favoring the formation of lag breccias by: (i) promoting erosion of lithic debris at the surface vent; and (ii) raising surface exit pressures, thereby resulting in a dramatic increase in the grain size of the ejecta.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628965","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Druitt, T.H., 1985, Vent evolution and lag breccia formation during the Cape Riva eruption of Santorini, Greece: Journal of Geology, v. 93, no. 4, p. 439-454, https://doi.org/10.1086/628965.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"454","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"93","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc201e4b08c986b32a89e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Druitt, T. H.","contributorId":60662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Druitt","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30582,"text":"wri854292 - 1985 - Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T21:16:27.755353","indexId":"wri854292","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4292","title":"Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout","docAbstract":"The survival and growth rates of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnieri) were concurrently measured with selected limnological characteristics in nine small (surface area < 25 sq hectometers) lakes in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. The project goal was to develop empirical models for predicting rainbow trout growth rates from the following variables: total phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, Secchi disc transparency, or the morphoedaphic index--a means of characterizing potential biological productivity. No suitable model could be developed from the data collected during 1982 and 1983. The lack of significant correlation was attributed in part to the wide variation in survival of rainbow trout. Winterkills, caused by severe depletion of dissolved oxygen, were suspected in four of the lakes. Varied levels of fishing pressure and competition with threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) also influenced survival of rainbow trout but their effects were overshadowed by winterkill. Predictive capability was also reduced because of inconsistencies in rankings generated by each of the four limnological variables chosen as indicators of potential biological productivity. A lake ranked low in productivity by one variable was commonly ranked high in productivity by another variable. The survivability of rainbow trout stocked in lakes such as these nine may be a more important indicator of potential biomass production than are indicators of lake fertility. Assessments of a lake 's susceptibility to winterkill and the degree of competition with threespine stickleback are suggested as important topics for additional research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854292","usgsCitation":"Woods, P.F., 1985, Limnology of nine small lakes, Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, and the survival and growth rates of rainbow trout: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4292, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854292.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414141,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36430.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59341,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4292/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123988,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4292/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.817,\n 61.833\n ],\n [\n -149.817,\n 61.45\n ],\n [\n -148.267,\n 61.45\n ],\n [\n -148.267,\n 61.833\n ],\n [\n -149.817,\n 61.833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woods, P. F.","contributorId":97509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}