For purposes of assessing the maceral distribution of Illinois (U.S.A.) coals analyses were assembled for 326 face channel and drill core samples from 24 coal members of the Pennsylvanian System. The inertinite content of coals from the Missourian and Virgilian Series averages 16.1% (mineral free), compared to 9.4% for older coals from the Desmoinesian and older Series. This indicates there was generally a higher state of oxidation in the peat that formed the younger coals. This state probably resulted from greater exposure of these peats to weathering as the climate became drier and the water table lower than was the case for the older coals, although oxidation during allochthonous deposition of inertinite components is a genetic factor that needs further study to confirm the importance of the climate.
Regional variation of the vitrinite-inertinite ratio (V-I), on a mineral- and micrinite-free basis, was observed in the Springfield (No. 5) and Herrin (No. 6) Coal Members to be related to the geographical position of paleochannel (river) deposits known to have been contemporaneous with the peats that formed these two coal strata. The V-I ratio is highest (generally 12–27) in samples from areas adjacent to the channels, and lower (5–11) some 10–20 km away. We interpret the V-I ratio to be an inverse index of the degree of oxidation to which the original peat was exposed. High V-I ratio coal located near the channels probably formed under more anoxic conditions than did the lower V-I ratio coal some distance away from the channels. The low V-I ratio coal probably formed in areas of the peat swamp where the watertable was generally lower than the channel areas.
Microfossils extracted from carbonate concretions tend to be better preserved, more abundant and diverse, and more likely to retain delicate and fragile structures than those extracted from the surrounding rocks. Enhanced preservation correlates with early diagenetic concretion formation at or near the sediment-water interface and with higher carbonate, organic material, and metallic cation content than in surrounding rocks. Early diagenetic growth is inferred by diverging sedimentary laminations and small-scale sedimentary structures in fossiliferous carbonate concretions. High initial concentrations of microorganisms or fecal pellets may commonly be responsible for incipient carbonate-concretion growth. Excellent preservation is demonstrated by radiolarians and palynomorphs extracted from a carbonate concretion from the Middle Jurassic Shelikof Formation, southern Alaska.
Invertebrate colonization on newly introduced rock substrates was examined from July through October 1982 in the tailwater of Barren River Lake, Kentucky. Chironomidae, the dominant taxon of benthic insects, reached full colonization by day 14. Colonization by Oligochaeta, the other major invertebrate taxon, was not completed by the end of the 95-day period of observation. It may have been delayed because insufficient food (periphyton and detritus) had accumulated on the clean rocks. Rapid recolonization of dewatered substrates may be especially critical for maintaining adequate fish food in tailwaters of flood-control reservoir.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oikos Publishers","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1985.9665089","usgsCitation":"Swink, W., and Novotny, J., 1985, Invertebrate colonization rates in the tailwater of a Kentucky flood-control reservoir: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 27-34, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1985.9665089.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Barren River Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.71576985044291\n ],\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -85.94329833984375,\n 36.96744946416931\n ],\n [\n -85.94329833984375,\n 36.71576985044291\n ],\n [\n -86.18637084960938,\n 36.71576985044291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48b5e4b07f02db53389c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swink, W.D.","contributorId":66200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"W.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novotny, J.F.","contributorId":95856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003303,"text":"1003303 - 1985 - Observations on twinning in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-09T11:19:46.453325","indexId":"1003303","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations on twinning in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the laboratory","docAbstract":"Forty-five sets of separate, normal twins were produced from four portions of the eggs from one female sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) each fertilized by a different male. The percentage of twinning in the different groups of embryos ranged from 1.0 to 1.7. Although the development of some of the twins was slightly slower than average, that of most was within the normal range for sea lamprey embryos. The twins were smaller than non-twins, and one twin was usually smaller than the other. Although the discovery of Siamese twins in fish is not uncommon, separate, normal twins have seldom been reported.
Among the consequences of extremely low river flow into northern San Francisco Bay during a two-year drought were (1) a gradual increase in salinity, (2) an unusual decline in chlorophyll a concentration, and (3) the upstream migration of estuarine benthic invertebrates to the normally brackish area of the bay. Total abundance in the benthos at a shallow monitoring site increased from a normal 2000 to greater than 20 000 individuals m−2 during the summer of 1977, presumably in response to the increased salinity. Estimated filtration rates derived from equations in the literature for one of the species, the suspended-feeding bivalve Mya arenaria ranged from 1 to 4 m3 m−2 day−1 during 1977 depending on abundance and mean size on sampling dates. Because water depth at this site is less than 2 m, Mya could have filtered all of the particles (including diatoms) from the water column on the order of once per day. Several other immigrant species undoubtedly contributed to the removal of particles from the near-bottom water as well. Increased benthic grazing, therefore, could have accounted for the anomalously low phytoplankton biomass observed during the drought. These results suggest that during periods of prolonged low river flow and increased salinity benthic food webs could become more important than planktonic food webs in the upper part of the estuary.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(85)90018-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., 1985, Increased benthic grazing: An alternative explanation for low phytoplankton biomass in northern San Francisco Bay during the 1976-1977 drought: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 21, no. 3, p. 379-388, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(85)90018-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"379","endPage":"388","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.53900208315437,\n 37.868856828024406\n ],\n [\n -122.42936805203873,\n 37.782258949446316\n ],\n [\n -122.40290466521779,\n 37.731447444156544\n ],\n [\n -122.41424611671275,\n 37.58479559067945\n ],\n [\n -122.3008316017656,\n 37.545839351546746\n ],\n [\n -122.2327828927973,\n 37.47686688256759\n ],\n [\n -122.14961224850258,\n 37.46486516533952\n ],\n [\n -122.11936837785015,\n 37.42584627770934\n ],\n [\n -121.99839289524002,\n 37.38079920329733\n ],\n [\n -121.92278321860876,\n 37.41383637259197\n ],\n [\n -121.92278321860876,\n 37.458863584117566\n ],\n [\n -122.0361977335559,\n 37.52485447798044\n ],\n [\n -122.0815635395343,\n 37.602768521483696\n ],\n [\n -122.1344903131766,\n 37.61474806365901\n ],\n [\n -122.14583176467109,\n 37.680601048251674\n ],\n [\n -122.19497805448144,\n 37.75536308797821\n ],\n [\n -122.2970511179341,\n 37.80018408861855\n ],\n [\n -122.27058773111318,\n 37.83602131947953\n ],\n [\n -122.30839256942859,\n 37.93746562322792\n ],\n [\n -122.3688803107339,\n 37.949391057353935\n ],\n [\n -122.32351450475502,\n 37.97025590985791\n ],\n [\n -122.21009998980787,\n 38.032814893300326\n ],\n [\n -122.24790482812375,\n 38.14290795819022\n ],\n [\n -122.27058773111318,\n 38.20234866837163\n ],\n [\n -122.27058773111318,\n 38.288451559881\n ],\n [\n -122.33863644008102,\n 38.24689738024401\n ],\n [\n -122.45205095502816,\n 38.14290795819022\n ],\n [\n -122.52388014782794,\n 38.136961221116565\n ],\n [\n -122.52388014782794,\n 37.98515574642889\n ],\n [\n -122.53900208315437,\n 37.868856828024406\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39f6e4b0c8380cd61ad4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000354,"text":"1000354 - 1985 - Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) as predators on young bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-28T14:35:51","indexId":"1000354","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) as predators on young bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Examination of the stomach contents of rainbow smelt caught in bottom trawls in Lake Michigan during mid October, 1982, revealed that of 267 rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) with food in their stomachs, 56% (150) had eaten young-of-the-year fish. Nearly 15% of the prey fish consumed were bloaters (Coregonus hoyi), 21 % were alewives(Alosa pseudoharengus), and the rest could not be positively identified but were probably bloaters and alewives. Although smelt predation did not appear to have affected bloater abundance, continued increases in smelt abundance and declines in alewife populations could lead to increased predator pressure on bloater stocks, which are in the process of rebuilding.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0380-1330(85)71741-8","usgsCitation":"Stedman, R.M., and Argyle, R.L., 1985, Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) as predators on young bloaters (Coregonus hoyi) in Lake Michigan: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 11, no. 1, p. 40-42, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(85)71741-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"42","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db685045","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stedman, Ralph M.","contributorId":60578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stedman","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001570,"text":"1001570 - 1985 - Quick estimates of success rates of duck nests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:31:58","indexId":"1001570","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quick estimates of success rates of duck nests","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., and Klett, A., 1985, Quick estimates of success rates of duck nests: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 13, no. 1, p. 51-53.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a003","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klett, A.T.","contributorId":34857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013251,"text":"70013251 - 1985 - MONITORING THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:33","indexId":"70013251","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"MONITORING THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA.","docAbstract":"An ongoing program to monitor the hydrothermal system in Long Valley for changes caused by volcanic or tectonic processes has produced considerable data on the water chemistry and discharge of springs and fluid temperatures and pressures in wells. Changes in hot spring chemistry that have been recorded probably relate to interactions between the variations in the quantity of liquid and gas discharged. Stable carbon isotope data are consistent with a carbon source either from the mantle or from metamorphosed carbonate rocks. Continuous and periodic measurements of hot spring discharge at several sites show significant coseismic and aseismic changes since 1980.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"1985 International Symposium on Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Resources Council 1985 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Kailua-Kona, HI, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412596","usgsCitation":"Farrar, C.D., and Sorey, M.L., 1985, MONITORING THE HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM IN LONG VALLEY CALDERA, CALIFORNIA., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 9, no. pt 1, Kailua-Kona, HI, USA, p. 423-428.","startPage":"423","endPage":"428","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4aebe4b0c8380cd69150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farrar, Christopher D. cdfarrar@usgs.gov","contributorId":1501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrar","given":"Christopher","email":"cdfarrar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":365640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sorey, Michael L.","contributorId":20726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013016,"text":"70013016 - 1985 - Elemental X-ray mapping of agglutinated foraminifer tests: A non- destructive technique for determining compositional characteristics.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T13:58:29","indexId":"70013016","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Elemental X-ray mapping of agglutinated foraminifer tests: A non- destructive technique for determining compositional characteristics.","docAbstract":"The composition of agglutinated foraminiferal tests vary remarkably in response to local substrate characteristics, physiochemical properties of the water column and species- dependant selectivity of test components. We have employed a technique that combines a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer system to identify major and minor elemental constituents of agglutinated foraminiferal walls. As a sample is bombarded with a beam of high energy electrons, X-rays are generated that are characteristic of the elements present. As a result, X- ray density maps can be produced for each of several elements present in the tests of agglutinated foraminifers.
","language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Commeau, R., Reynolds, L.A., and Poag, C.W., 1985, Elemental X-ray mapping of agglutinated foraminifer tests: A non- destructive technique for determining compositional characteristics.: Micropaleontology, v. 31, no. 4, p. 380-386.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"386","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1485595"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08b8e4b0c8380cd51c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Leslie A.","contributorId":70538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":365083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012824,"text":"70012824 - 1985 - A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T16:22:27.925604","indexId":"70012824","displayToPublicDate":"1985-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","title":"A procedure for estimating Bacillus cereus spores in soil and stream-sediment samples — A potential exploration technique","docAbstract":"Low temperature adiabatic calorimetry and high temperature differential scanning calorimetry have been used to measure the heat-capacity of ilmenite (FeTiO3) from 5 to 1000 K. These measurements yield S2980 = 108.9 J/(mol · K). Calculations from published experimental data on the reduction of ilmenite yield Δ2980(I1) = −1153.9 kJ/(mol · K). These new data, combined with available experimental and thermodynamic data for other phases, have been used to calculate phase equilibria in the system Fe-Ti-O. Calculations for the subsystem Ti-O show that extremely low values of
Studies were conducted in conjunction with the Integrated Lake-Watershed Acidification Study (ILWAS) to examine the chemistry and leaching patterns of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack region. During the summer growing season, mean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the ILWAS watersheds ranged from 21–32 mg C l−1 in O/A horizon leachates, from 5–7 mg C l−1 in B horizon leachates, from 2–4 mg C l−1 in groundwater solutions, from 6–8 mg C l−1 in first order streams, from 3–8 mg C l−1 in lake inlets, and from 2–7 mg C l−1 in lake outlets. During the winter, mean DOC concentrations dropped significantly in the upper soil profile. Soil solutions from mixed and coniferous stands contained as much as twice the DOC concentration of lysimeter samples from hardwood stands. Results of DOC fractionation analysis showed that hydrophobia and hydrophilic acids dominate the organic solute composition of natural waters in these watersheds. Charge balance and titration results indicated that the general acid-base characteristics of the dissolved humic mixture in these natural waters can be accounted for by a model organic acid having an averagepKa of 3.85, an average charge density of 4–5 μeq mg−1 C at ambient pH, and a total of 6–7 meq COOH per gram carbon.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Cronan, C.S., and Aiken, G., 1985, Chemistry and transport of soluble humic substances in forested watersheds of the Adirondack Park, New York: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, no. 8, p. 1697-1705, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(85)90140-1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1697","endPage":"1705","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Adirondack Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.82008813062816,\n 43.28492587434786\n ],\n [\n -74.29169696323655,\n 43.110304037413016\n ],\n [\n -73.65762756236663,\n 43.325940733900524\n ],\n [\n -73.37581893975802,\n 43.72947615580239\n ],\n [\n -73.42513544871431,\n 44.39771116447804\n ],\n [\n -73.82671273593193,\n 44.74401316527033\n ],\n [\n -74.6439577414979,\n 44.69395223588353\n ],\n [\n -75.3625697291497,\n 43.795621999963544\n ],\n [\n -75.3625697291497,\n 43.5357074866464\n ],\n [\n -74.82008813062816,\n 43.28492587434786\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a7e4b0c8380cd4c349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronan, C. 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