The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) formed the internal Research Grade Evaluation (RGE) Review Team in May 2017. The Team undertook a 2-year comprehensive review of RGE practices and policies at the USGS that included (1) the first-ever quantitative assessment of the USGS workforce evaluated under the RGE process, (2) a benchmarking meeting in March 2018 of the USGS and 11 other Federal science agencies to compare how each conducts research scientist evaluation, and (3) extensive surveys of four internal stakeholder groups. The Team recommends that the RGE review process emphasize the importance of outcomes resulting from a scientist’s efforts, rather than focusing on easily quantified outputs such as peer-reviewed papers, presentations, and posters. Thus, the Team recommends that a scientist’s work be assessed according to contributions and impacts in three areas: (1) scientific understanding, (2) the missions of the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Department of the Interior, and (3) society more broadly. The Team developed (1) new formats for the Research Scientist Record (RSR) and Development Scientist Record (DSR) that match the Office of Personnel Management’s guidelines for factor scoring and (2) new findings templates to provide more meaningful feedback to scientists.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211035","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey Research Grade Evaluation Review Team, 2021, Final report on the assessment of the U.S. Geological Survey’s bureauwide Research Grade Evaluation (RGE) process: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1035, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211035.","productDescription":"vi, 106 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-120198","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1035/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1035/ofr20211035.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1035"}],"contact":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
MS 911
Reston, VA 20192
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, used noninvasive surface geophysics in the investigation of the distribution of saline groundwater in the valley-fill aquifer system of the Genesee River Valley near the former Retsof salt mine in western New York. In 1994, the Retsof salt mine, the largest of its kind in the western hemisphere, underwent a catastrophic roof collapse that resulted in groundwater inflow from the valley-fill aquifer system and bedrock fracture zones into the mine through two bedrock-rubble chimneys and the subsequent dissolution and filling of the mine with saturated brine. Since the early 2000s, except for a period of remedial pumping in 2006 to 2013, high-salinity water has migrated upward through the rubble chimneys into the basal part the aquifer system. The extent of saline-water migration within the aquifer system had not been evaluated since the end of remedial pumping when all the monitoring wells were grouted shut and abandoned. Installation of a monitoring-well network would be expensive and difficult given the thickness and heterogeneous character of valley fill. An investigation of the current extent of saline water in the aquifer system was warranted because the basal part of the aquifer is shallow to the north and it is used for water supply.
In fall 2016 and fall 2017, the U.S. Geological Survey collected time-domain electromagnetic soundings at 105 sites along 13 cross-valley transects north and south of the mine-collapse area, east of Piffard, and on the Fowlerville Moraine. The time-domain electromagnetic soundings were colocated with passive-seismic measurements to estimate the bedrock-surface elevation through use of a regression equation developed from measurements at well sites with reported bedrock depths in the study area. An integrated analysis of the time-domain electromagnetic soundings with the depth-to-bedrock estimates, well logs, and past chloride-monitoring data suggests the presence of a zone of high electrical conductivity associated with saline water in the confined lower part of the valley-fill aquifer system. This high-salinity zone delineated in the lower confined aquifer extends from the mine-collapse area northward for more than 2.5 miles (4.0 kilometers). The chloride concentration in groundwater within this high-conductivity zone may be about 20,000 milligrams per liter. Saline water flowing upward through the bedrock-rubble chimneys and mixing with northward groundwater flow in the lower confined aquifer likely is a major source of chlorides for this high-conductivity zone. The northern extent of the zone is unclear because of the presence of highly saline water zones that were delineated by time-domain electromagnetic soundings in the lower confined aquifer and uppermost bedrock and are probably associated with historic salt-solution wells in Piffard or possibly sourced from natural brine pools.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.H., Kappel, W.M., Johnson, C.D., White, E.A., Heisig, P.M., and Lane, J.W., Jr., 2021, Time-domain electromagnetic soundings and passive-seismic measurements for delineation of saline groundwater in the Genesee valley-fill aquifer system, western New York, 2016–17: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5008, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215008.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 25 p.; 1 Plate: 49.96 x 35.95 inches; 3 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108173","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385251,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385369,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VQOCRZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Time-domain electromagnetic soundings to delineate saline groundwater in the Genesee valley-fill aquifer system, New York (2016-2017)"},{"id":385368,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J354SU","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Chloride concentrations from wells in the Genesee River Valley, Livingston County, New York"},{"id":385367,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LI7CCR","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio and depth-to-bedrock data for saline-groundwater investigation in the Genesee valley, New York, October-November 2016 and 2017"},{"id":385366,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5008/sir20215008_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"59.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Electrical-conductivity transects from time-domain electromagnetic soundings, top of bedrock estimated from passive-seismic measurements, and lithostratigraphic logs of selected boreholes along 13 transects in the Genesee River Valley, western New York, 2016–17"},{"id":385365,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5008/sir20215008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5008"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Genesee Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.93701171875,\n 42.54397489736545\n ],\n [\n -77.68363952636719,\n 42.54397489736545\n ],\n [\n -77.68363952636719,\n 42.97802779741624\n ],\n [\n -77.93701171875,\n 42.97802779741624\n ],\n [\n -77.93701171875,\n 42.54397489736545\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
A cloudburst on 7 August 2018 in the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, induced flooding, erosion and multiple shallow slope failures that adversely affected the surrounding hillside residential area. Historically, short-duration deluges are rare in the New York Bay region, with only eight cloudbursts of greater magnitude documented since 1948. The coastal bluffs consist of a variably thick, sandy surficial material overlying flat-lying, mostly non-indurated Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, including some low-permeability glauconitic units. The bluffs have been affected by both historical deep-seated and shallow landslide movement, the latter typically related to heavy, relatively long-duration rainfall associated with tropical cyclones and nor'easters. The shallow hydrological response during the rare cloudburst was captured at two hydrological monitoring sites and yielded insights into rapidly changing moisture conditions resulting in slope failure. Additional information is provided on historical cloudbursts that have affected the region, antecedent moisture conditions, and documented landslide types and processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1144/qjegh2020-127","usgsCitation":"Ashland, F., Reilly, P.A., and Fiore, A.R., 2021, Capturing the transient hydrological response in sandy soils during a rare cloudburst associated with shallow slope failures; A case study in the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, USA: Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, v. 54, no. 4, qjegh2020-127, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/qjegh2020-127.","productDescription":"qjegh2020-127, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-113986","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9A601HC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Hydrologic, slope movement, and soil property data from the coastal bluffs of the Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, 2016-2018"},{"id":387111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.1851806640625,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -73.8226318359375,\n 40.250184183819854\n ],\n [\n -73.8226318359375,\n 40.48873742102282\n ],\n [\n -74.1851806640625,\n 40.48873742102282\n ],\n [\n -74.1851806640625,\n 40.250184183819854\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"54","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ashland, Francis 0000-0001-9948-0195 fashland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-0195","contributorId":198587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ashland","given":"Francis","email":"fashland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Pamela A. 0000-0002-2937-4490 jankowsk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-4490","contributorId":653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Pamela","email":"jankowsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiore, Alex R. 0000-0002-0986-5225 afiore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0986-5225","contributorId":4977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiore","given":"Alex","email":"afiore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70221865,"text":"70221865 - 2021 - Demethylation of methylmercury in bird, fish, and earthworm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-12T14:25:31.068851","indexId":"70221865","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-29T08:55:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Demethylation of methylmercury in bird, fish, and earthworm","docAbstract":"Toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) to wildlife and humans results from its binding to cysteine residues of proteins, forming MeHg-cysteinate (MeHgCys) complexes that hinder biological functions. MeHgCys complexes can be detoxified in vivo, yet how this occurs is unknown. We report that MeHgCys complexes are transformed into selenocysteinate (Hg(Sec)4) complexes in multiple animals from two phyla (a waterbird, freshwater fish, and earthworms) sampled in different geographical areas and contaminated by different Hg sources. In addition, high energy-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy and chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry of the waterbird liver support the binding of Hg(Sec)4 to selenoprotein P and biomineralization of Hg(Sec)4 to chemically inert nanoparticulate mercury selenide (HgSe). The results provide a foundation for understanding mercury detoxification in higher organisms, and suggest that the identified MeHgCys to Hg(Sec)4 demethylation pathway is common in nature.","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.0c04948","usgsCitation":"Manceau, A., Bourdineaud, J., Oliveira, R.B., Sarrazin, S.L., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Eagles-Smith, C., Ackerman, J.T., Stewart, R., Ward-Deitrich, C., del Castillo Busto, M.E., Goenaga-Infante, H., Wack, A., Retegan, M., Detlefs, B., Glatzel, P., Bustamante, P., Nagy, K.L., and Poulin, B., 2021, Demethylation of methylmercury in bird, fish, and earthworm: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 55, no. 3, p. 1527-1534, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04948.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1527","endPage":"1534","ipdsId":"IP-122030","costCenters":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452536,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hal.science/hal-03144112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96NP376","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mercury and selenium chemical characteristics and speciation data of bird, fish, and earthworm tissues"},{"id":387109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manceau, Alain 0000-0003-0845-611X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0845-611X","contributorId":194255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manceau","given":"Alain","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bourdineaud, Jean-Paul 0000-0002-1619-7050","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1619-7050","contributorId":260883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bourdineaud","given":"Jean-Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52701,"text":"Université de Bordeaux, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, CNRS, Pessac, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliveira, Ricardo B.","contributorId":260884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliveira","given":"Ricardo","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":52702,"text":"Universidade Federal do Oeste Pará, LabBBEx, Santarém, Pará, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarrazin, Sandra LF 0000-0002-2884-7655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-7655","contributorId":260885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sarrazin","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"LF","affiliations":[{"id":52702,"text":"Universidade Federal do Oeste Pará, LabBBEx, Santarém, Pará, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":221745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":202848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stewart, Robin 0000-0003-2918-546X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-546X","contributorId":222246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Robin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ward-Deitrich, Christian 0000-0002-5204-2443","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-2443","contributorId":260886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward-Deitrich","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52703,"text":"National Measurement Institute, LGC Limited, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"del Castillo Busto, M Estela 0000-0001-6595-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-5236","contributorId":260887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"del Castillo Busto","given":"M","email":"","middleInitial":"Estela","affiliations":[{"id":52703,"text":"National Measurement Institute, LGC Limited, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Goenaga-Infante, Heidi 0000-0002-2416-9666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-9666","contributorId":260888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goenaga-Infante","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52703,"text":"National Measurement Institute, LGC Limited, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wack, Aude","contributorId":260889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wack","given":"Aude","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52704,"text":"Université Grenoble Alpes, ISTerre, CNRS, Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Retegan, Marius 0000-0002-1525-1094","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-1094","contributorId":260890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Retegan","given":"Marius","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52705,"text":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Detlefs, Blanka 0000-0002-9768-647X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9768-647X","contributorId":260891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Detlefs","given":"Blanka","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52705,"text":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Glatzel, Pieter 0000-0001-6532-8144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-8144","contributorId":260892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glatzel","given":"Pieter","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52705,"text":"European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Bustamante, Paco","contributorId":201551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bustamante","given":"Paco","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36199,"text":"La Rochelle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Nagy, Kathryn L.","contributorId":189327,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nagy","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Poulin, Brett 0000-0002-5555-7733","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5555-7733","contributorId":260893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poulin","given":"Brett","affiliations":[{"id":52706,"text":"Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18}]}} ,{"id":70220384,"text":"70220384 - 2021 - A morphodynamic model to evaluate long-term sandbar rebuilding using controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-10T12:33:29.88236","indexId":"70220384","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-29T07:28:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A morphodynamic model to evaluate long-term sandbar rebuilding using controlled floods in the Grand Canyon","docAbstract":"Controlled floods released from dams have become a common restoration strategy in river systems worldwide. Here we present a morphodynamic model of sandbar volume change for a subset of sandbars of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park, where controlled floods are part of a management strategy focused on sandbar maintenance. We simulate sandbars as a triangular wedge, where deposition and erosion are modeled using physically based approaches that are driven by nearly continuous observations of flow and suspended sand concentration. We optimize an eddy exchange coefficient and erosion rate parameter by comparing model predictions to measured bar volumes. The model captures most of the variability in observed volume changes, and demonstrates the importance of flood frequency and sand concentration on average bar size. The model is easily implemented and adaptable, providing a means for predicting the future behavior of sandbars under a variety of streamflow and sediment supply scenarios.
Despite limitations in reproducing complex bedload sediment transport processes in rivers, formulas have been preferred over collection and analysis of field data due to the high cost and time-consuming nature of bedload discharge measurements. However, the performance of such formulas depends on the hydraulic and sedimentological conditions they attempt to describe. The availability of field measurements provides a unique opportunity to test bedload transport formulas to better guide formula selection. Hydraulic parameters and bedload discharge data from the Lower Minnesota River and two of its tributaries were used to evaluate nine bedload transport formulas using three different indices. The bedload data for the different sites were collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 2011 through 2014, with bed material varying from very coarse to medium sand. The formulas calculated higher bedload rates than were measured due to a combination of site-specific physical characteristics, including the presence of bed forms (dunes), and sampling uncertainties. Because of the lack of reproducibility of the tested formulas, five power functions, based on the relation between the specific unit power (independent hydraulic variable) and the USGS measured data (dependent variable), were derived as provisional equations to estimate the bedload discharge on the Lower Minnesota River and tributaries.
Reservoir properties of coal seams such as gas and water effective permeabilities and gas content, as well as spatial distributions thereof, affect the success of gas production and CO2-enhanced gas recovery (EGR) with simultaneous CO2 sequestration. These properties change during production and injection operations due to variations in reservoir pressure, matrix shrinkage/swelling, and water saturation and are therefore referred to as dynamic properties. Predicting distribution of such important reservoir properties and how they evolve during production, or injection, at unsampled locations can be particularly important for field development and project economics.
In this work, dynamic properties of Black Creek coal seam of Black Warrior Basin, Alabama were mapped using pointwise results from single-well production history matching of 45 wells and classical geostatistics. It is explored if this approach can be a proxy, with its limitations, to multi-well reservoir simulation. For this purpose, a reservoir model was built using available reservoir, well and production data to compare its results with those of the geostatistical maps for the same properties. Despite the expected local discrepancies due to differences between the two approaches, the results showed similar patterns and global distributions. Specific results showed that despite long-time operation of the wells in this area, there were still areas with high gas content and low gas effective permeability within the modeled time interval that might have benefited from further development using additional wells.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2021.103766","usgsCitation":"Karacan, C.O., 2021, Single-well production history matching and geostatistical modeling as proxy to multi-well reservoir simulation for evaluating dynamic reservoir properties of coal seams: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 241, 103766, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2021.103766.","productDescription":"103766, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124559","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385530,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","city":"Tuscaloosa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 32.9764120829052\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 32.9764120829052\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 33.669496972795535\n ],\n [\n -87.8082275390625,\n 32.9764120829052\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"241","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70229129,"text":"70229129 - 2021 - Emerging perspectives on resource tracking and animal movement ecology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-02T01:30:00.428328","indexId":"70229129","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-28T19:23:55","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5980,"text":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emerging perspectives on resource tracking and animal movement ecology","docAbstract":"Resource tracking, where animals increase energy gain by moving to track phenological variation in resources across space, is emerging as a fundamental attribute of animal movement ecology. However, a theoretical framework to understand when and where resource tracking should occur, and how resource tracking should lead to emergent ecological patterns, is lacking. We present a framework that unites concepts from optimal foraging theory and landscape ecology, which can be used to generate and test predictions on how resource dynamics shape animal movement across taxa, systems, and scales. Consideration of the interplay between animal movement and resource dynamics not only advances ecological understanding but can also guide biodiversity conservation in an era of global change.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.018","usgsCitation":"Abrahms, B., Aikens, E., Armstrong, J., Deacy, W.W., Kauffman, M., and Merkle, J., 2021, Emerging perspectives on resource tracking and animal movement ecology: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, v. 36, no. 4, p. 308-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.018.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"308","endPage":"320","ipdsId":"IP-123901","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abrahms, Briana","contributorId":287294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abrahms","given":"Briana","affiliations":[{"id":53078,"text":"UWA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aikens, Ellen O.","contributorId":287295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aikens","given":"Ellen O.","affiliations":[{"id":561,"text":"South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":836604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armstrong, Jonathan B.","contributorId":287296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Jonathan B.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deacy, William W.","contributorId":287298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deacy","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":202921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Merkle, Jerod A.","contributorId":287300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merkle","given":"Jerod A.","affiliations":[{"id":40829,"text":"uwy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228332,"text":"70228332 - 2021 - Age-related reproductive performance of the Adélie penguin, a long-lived seabird exhibiting similar outcomes regardless of individual life-history strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-10T12:40:54.091761","indexId":"70228332","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-28T16:09:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age-related reproductive performance of the Adélie penguin, a long-lived seabird exhibiting similar outcomes regardless of individual life-history strategy","docAbstract":"Age-related variation in reproductive performance in long-lived iteroparous vertebrate species is common, with performance being influenced by within-individual processes, such as improvement and senescence, in combination with among-individual processes, such as selective appearance and disappearance. Few studies of age-related reproductive performance have compared the role of these drivers within a metapopulation, subject to varying degrees of resource competition. We accounted for within- and among-individual changes among known-aged Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae during 17 years (1997-2013), at three clustered colonies of disparate size, to understand patterns in age-related reproductive success during early and late adulthood. Age at first reproduction (AFR) was lowest, and number of breeding attempts highest, at the largest colony. Regardless of AFR, success improved with early post-recruitment experience. For both oldest and youngest recruitment groups, peak performance occurred at the end of their reproductive life span indicating a possible cost of reproduction. Intermediate recruitment groups reached peak performance in their mid-reproductive life span and with intermediate breeding experience, before decreasing. Breeding success was lowest for the initial breeding attempt regardless of AFR, but we observed subsequent variation relative to recruitment age. Gaining experience by delaying recruitment positively influenced reproductive performance early in the reproductive life span and was most evident for the youngest breeders. Oldest recruits had the highest initial and peak breeding success. Differences in AFR resulted in trade-offs in reproductive life span or timing of senescence but not in the overall number of breeding attempts. Patterns differed as a function of colony size, and thus competition for resources. Early life improvement in performance at the larger colonies was primarily due to within-individual factors and at the largest colony, AFR. Regardless of colony size late-life performance was positively related to the age at last reproduction, indicating selective disappearance of lower performing individuals. These results highlight that different life-history strategies were equally successful, indicating that individuals can overcome potential trade-offs associated with early- and late-life performance. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of life-history strategies responsible for driving population change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2656.13422","usgsCitation":"Kappes, P.J., Dugger, K., Lescroël, A., Ballard, G., Barton, K.J., O’B. Lyver, P., and Wilson, P.R., 2021, Age-related reproductive performance of the Adélie penguin, a long-lived seabird exhibiting similar outcomes regardless of individual life-history strategy: Journal of Animal Ecology, v. 90, no. 4, p. 931-942, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13422.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"931","endPage":"942","ipdsId":"IP-110514","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":395737,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Antarctica","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Island ,Ross Island","volume":"90","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappes, Peter J.","contributorId":275193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugger, Katie M. 0000-0002-4148-246X cdugger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-246X","contributorId":4399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugger","given":"Katie","email":"cdugger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":833795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lescroël, Amélie","contributorId":275194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lescroël","given":"Amélie","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ballard, Grant","contributorId":275195,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ballard","given":"Grant","affiliations":[{"id":48619,"text":"pbcs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barton, Kerry J","contributorId":275196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barton","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":56747,"text":"lr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"O’B. Lyver, Phil","contributorId":275197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’B. Lyver","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25426,"text":"OSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, Peter R.","contributorId":275198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":56747,"text":"lr","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":833801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70220246,"text":"ofr20211040 - 2021 - Assessment of wave attenuation, current patterns, and sediment deposition and erosion during winter storms by living shoreline structures in Gandys Beach, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T11:46:56.483387","indexId":"ofr20211040","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-28T14:35:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1040","displayTitle":"Assessment of Wave Attenuation, Current Patterns, and Sediment Deposition and Erosion During Winter Storms by Living Shoreline Structures in Gandys Beach, New Jersey","title":"Assessment of wave attenuation, current patterns, and sediment deposition and erosion during winter storms by living shoreline structures in Gandys Beach, New Jersey","docAbstract":"This study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and Northeastern University in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy. This report summarizes field investigation and analysis of waves, current patterns, and sediment deposition and erosion along the Gandys Beach, New Jersey, salt marsh vegetated shoreline and mudflat, where living shoreline structures (for example, oyster reefs) were constructed to protect the marsh shoreline and enhance habitat for oyster and other species. Constructed oyster reefs (CORs, also known as oyster castles) provide shoreline protection and habitat for fish and shellfish communities via wave energy attenuation. However, the processes and mechanism of CORs on wave attenuation and current circulation remain unclear, thus limiting the assessment of COR effectiveness for shoreline protection. This report presents the results of the field investigation on wave characteristics, current patterns, and marsh edge erosion along a shoreline with CORs in Delaware Bay. To measure the effectiveness of these CORs, six pressure transducers, six tilt current meters, multiple sediment traps, and marsh edge erosion pins were deployed from February to April 2018 in Gandys Beach in upper Delaware Bay. The spatial variations of wave heights measured on both sides of the CORs indicate a strong dependence of wave attenuation on the ratio between the freeboard of the CORs and the offshore wave heights. It was found that swell energy originating from the Atlantic Ocean can penetrate the CORs without any dampening even when the CORs are emergent, whereas the wind seas are more impacted by the CORs. Tidal current velocity and circulation patterns near the CORs (for example, the current velocity was higher than 10 centimeters per second [cm/s] and even up to 30 cm/s in the gaps between the CORs compared to less than 10 cm/s in the control area) differ from those in the control area without protection from the CORs and are greatly affected by the surrounding bathymetry. The combined effect of living shoreline structures on wave attenuation and changes in circulation patterns over the study period resulted in the reduction of shoreline erosion both vertically and laterally compared to that in the control area and also resulted in changes in the grain size distribution in both the water column and the salt marsh and mudflat areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211040","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and The Nature Conservancy
Prepared in collaboration with Northeastern University
Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
7920 NW 71st St.
Gainesville, FL 32653
The distribution of the White-tailed Hawk (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) in the United States is restricted to the prairies and savannas of the Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas. Although listed as a state threatened species, it remains one of the least studied raptors in North America. It appears to reach high densities on some Texas barrier islands despite the island vegetation communities being structurally simple and providing few nesting substrates. We compared vegetation and landscape characteristics for sets of White-tailed Hawk nest sites and random sites on 3 Texas barrier islands (Matagorda, Mustang, and North Padre) representing a gradient of low to high human presence and impact. We constructed model sets consisting of vegetation and landscape features measured at a random subsample of nest sites and random sites, then assessed model sets with logistic regression. Our best constructed model correctly differentiated 83% of nest sites from random sites on Matagorda Island, 70% on Mustang Island, and 50% on North Padre Island. Overall, it appears that the structure of nest substrates was important to White-tailed Hawk nest-site selection: shrubs categorized as densely structured with or without thorns accounted for 78% of nest substrates compared to only 13% of paired, random potential substrates. The most frequently selected nest substrates overall were yaupon (Ilex vomitoria; 43%) and Macartney rose (Rosa bracteata; 24%). If White-tailed Hawks are to be conserved on the barrier islands, a balance will need to be found between continued anthropogenic development, maintenance of habitat patches, and availability of suitable nesting substrates.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/20-74","usgsCitation":"Haralson-Strobel, C., Boal, C.W., and Fraquhar, C.C., 2021, Nest site selection of White-tailed Hawks (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) on Texas barrier islands: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 132, no. 3, p. 668-677, https://doi.org/10.1676/20-74.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"668","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-119949","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396489,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Matagorda, Mustang, and North Padre Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.83486938476562,\n 28.070768561865155\n ],\n [\n -96.39678955078125,\n 28.33943885710451\n ],\n [\n -96.38992309570311,\n 28.35394230526438\n ],\n [\n -96.43661499023436,\n 28.36361017019959\n ],\n [\n -96.5478515625,\n 28.320097845836454\n ],\n [\n -96.822509765625,\n 28.19308520918522\n ],\n [\n -96.83212280273438,\n 28.121649866341304\n ],\n [\n -96.85409545898438,\n 28.06228599981216\n ],\n [\n -96.83486938476562,\n 28.070768561865155\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.19535827636719,\n 27.612972297774377\n ],\n [\n -97.21424102783203,\n 27.61783967494728\n ],\n [\n -97.22145080566406,\n 27.635786258487663\n ],\n [\n -97.23346710205078,\n 27.633961316589154\n ],\n [\n -97.25303649902344,\n 27.59836886857363\n ],\n [\n -97.2952651977539,\n 27.50766239596439\n ],\n [\n -97.32410430908203,\n 27.455883557617597\n ],\n [\n -97.34092712402342,\n 27.409566585950014\n ],\n [\n -97.36942291259766,\n 27.350423290254746\n ],\n [\n -97.36186981201172,\n 27.309248227203696\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 27.286061466458474\n ],\n [\n -97.39311218261719,\n 27.23753666659069\n ],\n [\n -97.39585876464842,\n 27.07380043091176\n ],\n [\n -97.4102783203125,\n 26.929416426216296\n ],\n [\n -97.37869262695312,\n 26.630273470591902\n ],\n [\n -97.33749389648438,\n 26.561506704037942\n ],\n [\n -97.24960327148438,\n 26.571333057252076\n ],\n [\n -97.3663330078125,\n 26.968589727144387\n ],\n [\n -97.35260009765625,\n 27.205785724383325\n ],\n [\n -97.261962890625,\n 27.48756291405129\n ],\n [\n -97.19535827636719,\n 27.612972297774377\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"132","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haralson-Strobel, C.L.","contributorId":280181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haralson-Strobel","given":"C.L.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fraquhar, C. C.","contributorId":280182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraquhar","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70222454,"text":"70222454 - 2021 - lsforce: A Python-based single-force seismic inversion framework for massive landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T14:01:26.407941","indexId":"70222454","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-28T09:00:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"lsforce: A Python-based single-force seismic inversion framework for massive landslides","docAbstract":"We present an open‐source Python package, lsforce, for performing single‐force source inversions of long‐period (tens to hundreds of seconds) seismic signals. Although the software is designed primarily for landslides, it can be used for any single‐force seismic source. The package allows users to produce estimates of the three‐component time series of forces exerted on the Earth by a landslide with postprocessing options to estimate the trajectory of its center of mass. Green’s functions for a user‐selected 1D Earth model are obtained automatically from the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Synthetics Engine webservice or can be computed for custom 1D Earth models using Computer Programs in Seismology. lsforce implements the two most commonly used source parameterizations: a fully flexible, high‐resolution approach and a more stable but lower‐resolution method of overlapping triangle sources. Regularization options include a blended zeroth‐, first‐, and second‐order semiautomated Tikhonov regularization scheme, as well as additional optional constraints on start times, end times, and on the sum of forces. Uncertainty due to data selection can be assessed using either a leave‐one‐out approach or a modified jackknife technique that randomly excludes subsets of the data for multiple re‐inversions. Numerous built‐in plotting methods allow for easy quality control and assessment of results. In this article, we briefly outline the theory and methodology, describe our implementation, and demonstrate the usage of lsforce using the well‐studied 28 June 2016 Lamplugh rock avalanche in Alaska. Despite the rapidly increasing prevalence of landslide single‐force inversions in the landslide and seismology literature over the past decade, to our knowledge this is the first open‐source code for performing such inversions.
We study ground-motion response in urban Los Angeles during the two largest events (M7.1 and M6.4) of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence using recordings from multiple regional seismic networks as well as a subset of 350 stations from the much denser Community Seismic Network. In the first part of our study, we examine the observed response spectral (pseudo) accelerations for a selection of periods of engineering significance (1, 3, 6, and 8 s). Significant ground-motion amplification is present and reproducible between the two events. For the longer periods, coherent spectral acceleration patterns are visible throughout the Los Angeles Basin, while for the shorter periods, the motions are less spatially coherent. However, coherence is still observable at smaller length scales due to the high spatial density of the measurements. Examining possible correlations of the computed response spectral accelerations with basement depth and Vs30, we find the correlations to be stronger for the longer periods. In the second part of the study, we test the performance of two state-of-the-art methods for estimating ground motions for the largest event of the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, namely three-dimensional (3D) finite-difference simulations and ground motion prediction equations. For the simulations, we are interested in the performance of the two Southern California Earthquake Center 3D community velocity models (CVM-S and CVM-H). For the ground motion prediction equations, we consider four of the 2014 Next Generation Attenuation-West2 Project equations. For some cases, the methods match the observations reasonably well; however, neither approach is able to reproduce the specific locations of the maximum response spectral accelerations or match the details of the observed amplification patterns.
As a prolific invasive species, Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus threaten native organisms in numerous estuarine and tidal freshwaters along the Atlantic coast of the United States. However, no published estimates of consumption rates are available for Blue Catfish in the scientific literature. This information is critical for development of bioenergetics models or estimation of population‐level impacts on native species. Using a combination of field and laboratory studies, we provide the first estimates of daily ration, maximum daily ration, and consumption to biomass ratios for Blue Catfish populations. Ad libitum feeding trials conducted in our laboratory reveal that maximum daily ration in Blue Catfish varies by prey type, temperature, and fish size, with maximal feeding occurring in medium‐sized Blue Catfish (500–600 mm total length) and at temperatures ≥15°C. Furthermore, estimates of daily ration were higher for fish prey (Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum) than for crustacean prey (blue crab Callinectes sapidus). Diel feeding chronologies based on field‐collected diet samples from 1,226 Blue Catfish demonstrated river‐specific variability in daily ration and maximum daily ration. Blue Catfish daily ration ranged between 2.27% and 5.22% bodyweight per 24 h, while maximum daily ration ranges between 8.56% and 9.37% bodyweight per 24 h. Estimates of consumption to biomass ratios varied by river and Blue Catfish size groupings but range between 2.42 and 3.39, which is similar to other benthic omnivores. This research will inform the assessment of predatory impacts of invasive Blue Catfish in the Chesapeake Bay and beyond as it will enable researchers to estimate predatory impacts through the coupling of population models, food habit information, and consumption rate information (current study).
Large-scale declines of grassland ecosystems in the conterminous United States since European settlement have led to substantial loss and fragmentation of lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) habitat and decreased their occupied range and population numbers by ∼85%. Breeding season space use is an important component of lesser prairie-chicken conservation, because it could affect both local carrying capacity and population dynamics. Previous estimates of breeding season space use are largely limited to one of the four currently occupied ecoregions, but potential extrinsic drivers of breeding space use, such as landscape fragmentation, vegetation structure and composition, and density of anthropogenic structures, can show large spatial variation. Moreover, habitat needs vary greatly among the lekking/prelaying, nesting, brood-rearing, and postbreeding stages of the breeding season, but space use by female lesser prairie-chickens during these stages remain relatively unclear. We tested whether home range area and daily displacement (the net distance between the first and last location of each day) of female lesser prairie-chickens varied among ecoregions and breeding stages at four study sites in Kansas and Colorado, U.S.A., representing three of the four currently occupied ecoregions. We equipped females with very-high-frequency (VHF) or Global Positioning System (GPS) transmitters, and estimated home range area with kernel density estimators or biased random bridge models, respectively. Across all ecoregions, breeding season home range area averaged 190.4 ha (±19.1 ha se) for birds with VHF and 283.6 ha (±23.1 ha) for birds with GPS transmitters, whereas daily displacement averaged 374.8 m (±14.3 m). Average home range area and daily displacement of bird with GPS transmitters were greater in the Short-Grass Prairie/ Conservation Reserve Program Mosaic and Sand Sagebrush Prairie Ecoregions compared to sites in the Mixed-Grass Prairie Ecoregion. Home range area and daily displacement were greatest during lekking/prelaying and smallest during the brood-rearing stage, when female movements were restricted by mobility of chicks. Ecoregion- and breeding stage-specific estimates of space use by lesser prairie-chickens will help managers determine the spatial configuration of breeding stage-specific habitat on the landscape. Furthermore, ecoregion- and breeding stage-specific estimates are crucial when estimating the amount of breeding habitat needed for lesser prairie-chicken populations to persist.
Land managers decide how to allocate resources among multiple threats that can be addressed through multiple possible actions. Additionally, these actions vary in feasibility, effectiveness, and cost. We sought to provide a way to optimize resource allocation to address multiple threats when multiple management options are available, including mutually exclusive options. Formulating the decision as a combinatorial optimization problem, our framework takes as inputs the expected impact and cost of each threat for each action (including do nothing) and for each overall budget identifies the optimal action to take for each threat. We compared the optimal solution to an easy to calculate greedy algorithm approximation and a variety of plausible ranking schemes. We applied the framework to management of multiple introduced plant species in Australian alpine areas. We developed a model of invasion to predict the expected impact in 50 years for each species‐action combination that accounted for each species’ current invasion state (absent, localized, widespread); arrival probability; spread rate; impact, if present, of each species; and management effectiveness of each species‐action combination. We found that the recommended action for a threat changed with budget; there was no single optimal management action for each species; and considering more than one candidate action can substantially increase the management plan's overall efficiency. The approximate solution (solution ranked by marginal cost‐effectiveness) performed well when the budget matched the cost of the prioritized actions, indicating that this approach would be effective if the budget was set as part of the prioritization process. The ranking schemes varied in performance, and achieving a close to optimal solution was not guaranteed. Global sensitivity analysis revealed a threat's expected impact and, to a lesser extent, management effectiveness were the most influential parameters, emphasizing the need to focus research and monitoring efforts on their quantification.
How aquatic insects cope with cold temperatures is poorly understood. This is particularly true for high-elevation species, which often experience a seasonal risk of freezing. In the Rocky Mountains, nemourid stoneflies (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) are a major component of mountain stream biodiversity and are typically found in streams fed by glaciers and snowfields, which are rapidly receding due to climate change. Predicting the effects of climate change on mountain stoneflies is difficult because their thermal physiology is largely unknown. We investigated cold tolerance of several alpine stoneflies (Lednia tumana, Lednia tetonica, and Zapada spp.) from the Rocky Mountains, USA. We measured the supercooling point (SCP) and tolerance to ice enclosure of late-instar nymphs collected from a range of thermal regimes. SCPs varied among species and populations, with the lowest SCP measured for nymphs from an alpine pond, which was much more likely to freeze solid in winter than flowing streams. We also show that L. tumana cannot survive being enclosed in ice, even for short periods of time (<3 h) at relatively mild temperatures (–0.5 °C). Our results indicate that high-elevation stoneflies at greater risk of freezing may have correspondingly lower SCPs, and despite their common association with glacial meltwater, these stoneflies appear to be living near their lower thermal limits.
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Developed by USGS fire scientists and executive leadership, and informed by conversations with external stakeholders, the Strategic Plan is aligned with the needs of the fire science stakeholder community–fire, land, natural resource, and emergency managers from Federal, State, Tribal, and community organizations, as well as members of the scientific community. The Strategic Plan is composed of four integrated priorities, each with associated goals and specific strategies for accomplishing the goals: Priority 1: Produce state-of-the-art, actionable fire science; Priority 2: Engage stakeholders in science production and science delivery; Priority 3: Effectively communicate USGS fire science capacity, products, and information to a broad audience; and Priority 4: Enhance USGS organizational structure and advance support for fire science. 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12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
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Water, bed sediment, and invertebrate tissue were sampled in streams from Butte to near Missoula, Montana, as part of a monitoring program in the Clark Fork Basin. The sampling program was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to characterize aquatic resources in the Clark Fork Basin and monitor trace elements associated with historical mining and smelting activities. Sampling sites were on the river and tributaries of the Clark Fork. Water samples were collected periodically at 20 sites from October 2018 through September 2019. Bed-sediment and tissue samples were collected once at 13 sites during July 2019.
Water-quality data included concentrations of major ions, dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen (nitrate plus nitrite), trace elements, and suspended sediment. Daily values of turbidity were determined at four sites. Bed-sediment data included trace-element concentrations in the fine-grained (less than 0.063 millimeter) fraction. Biological data included trace-element concentrations in whole-body tissue of aquatic benthic invertebrates. Statistical summaries of water-quality, bed-sediment, and invertebrate tissue trace-element data for sites in the Clark Fork Basin were provided for the period of record: March 1985–September 2019.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211027","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Clark, G.D., Hornberger, M.I., Hepler, E.J., Cleasby, T.E., and Heinert, T.L., 2021, Water-quality, bed-sediment, and invertebrate tissue trace-element concentrations for tributaries in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana, October 2018–September 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1027, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211027.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122934","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385286,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1027/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385287,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1027/ofr20211027.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.07 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1027–1027"},{"id":385288,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GKHL8W","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Water-quality, bed-sediment, and invertebrate tissue trace-element concentrations for tributaries in the Clark Fork Basin, Montana, October 2018–September 2019"},{"id":385289,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Clark Fork Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.13421630859374,\n 47.10565336099383\n ],\n [\n -114.39788818359375,\n 47.025206001585396\n ],\n [\n -114.25506591796875,\n 46.613601326659726\n ],\n [\n -114.00238037109375,\n 46.58718152732907\n ],\n [\n -113.15917968749999,\n 46.15890744507131\n ],\n [\n -112.69775390625,\n 45.84793427349226\n ],\n [\n -112.00836181640625,\n 46.15319980124842\n ],\n [\n -111.88201904296875,\n 46.428392162921234\n ],\n [\n -113.00262451171875,\n 46.848921470800455\n ],\n [\n -113.631591796875,\n 47.13368783277605\n ],\n [\n -114.13421630859374,\n 47.10565336099383\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3162 Bozeman Avenue
Helena, MT 59601
The structural complexity of active faults and the stress release history along the fault system may exert control on the locus and extent of individual earthquake ruptures. Fault bends, in particular, are often invoked as a possible mechanism for terminating earthquake ruptures. However, there are few records available to examine how these factors may influence the along‐fault recurrence of earthquakes. We present a new paleoearthquake chronology for the southern San Andreas fault at Elizabeth Lake and integrate this record with existing paleoearthquake records to examine how the timing and frequency of earthquakes vary through a major restraining bend. This restraining bend features a mature, throughgoing right‐lateral strike‐slip fault, two major fault intersections, proposed subsurface fault dip changes, and a
The Mars Orbiter for Resources, Ices, and Environments (MORIE) was selected as one of NASA's 2019 Planetary Mission Concept Studies. The mission builds upon recent discoveries and current knowledge gaps linked to two primary scientific questions: (1) when did elements of the cryosphere form and how are ice deposits linked to current, recent, and ancient climate, and (2) how does the crust record the evolution of surface environments and their transition through time? Addressing these questions has emerged in numerous recent reports as a high priority in investigating the evolution of Mars as a habitable world. A subsidiary goal of the mission concept is to provide information relevant to the eventual human exploration of Mars, specifically helping to locate and quantify near-surface water ice and hydrated mineral resources. The proposed instrument suite includes polarimetric synthetic aperture radar imaging, radar sounding, high-resolution visible and infrared imaging, both short-wave and thermal-infrared spectroscopy, and multichannel wide-angle imaging. MORIE would provide novel measurements of Mars expected to lead to significant new discoveries by the first radar imaging from orbit, radar sounding directly over the poles, and mineral mapping at spatial scales that will unravel geologic sequence stratigraphy through time. The final report of the mission concept provides details on the spacecraft, orbital design, technological maturity, results from systems-level integration studies, and costs. This article is intended to expand upon the science motivation for the mission, the measurement goals and objectives, and the instrument trade space that was examined in detail during the concept study.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Astronomical Society","doi":"10.3847/PSJ/abe4db","usgsCitation":"Calvin, W.M., Putzig, N.E., Dundas, C.M., Bramson, A.M., Horgan, B.H., Seelos, K.D., Sizemore, H.G., Ehlmann, B.L., Morgan, G.A., Holt, J.W., Murchie, S.L., and Patterson, G.W., 2021, The Mars Orbiter for Resources, Ices, and Environments (MORIE) science goals and instrument trades in radar, imaging, and spectroscopy: The Planetary Science Journal, v. 2, no. 76, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/abe4db.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-124773","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/abe4db","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385894,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"2","issue":"76","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calvin, Wendy M. 0000-0002-6097-9586","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-9586","contributorId":189159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calvin","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putzig, Nathaniel E. 0000-0003-4485-6321","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6321","contributorId":208684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putzig","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13179,"text":"Planetary Science Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bramson, Ali M 0000-0003-4903-0916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4903-0916","contributorId":201618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bramson","given":"Ali","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. 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N.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Seelos, Kim D 0000-0001-7236-0580","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7236-0580","contributorId":258277,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seelos","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":36691,"text":"JHU APL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sizemore, Hanna G 0000-0002-6641-2388","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6641-2388","contributorId":229472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sizemore","given":"Hanna","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":24584,"text":"PSI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ehlmann, Bethany L. 0000-0002-2745-3240","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-3240","contributorId":147154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"Bethany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Morgan, Gareth A 0000-0002-9513-8736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-8736","contributorId":229487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Gareth","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":24584,"text":"PSI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Holt, John W 0000-0003-1314-7848","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-7848","contributorId":237030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Murchie, Scott L. 0000-0002-1616-8751","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1616-8751","contributorId":189161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murchie","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Patterson, G Wesley 0000-0003-4787-3899","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-3899","contributorId":239986,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patterson","given":"G","email":"","middleInitial":"Wesley","affiliations":[{"id":36691,"text":"JHU APL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70220215,"text":"70220215 - 2021 - Arctic insect emergence timing and composition differs across thaw ponds of varying morphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-28T13:21:06.753259","indexId":"70220215","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-27T08:17:34","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":899,"text":"Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic insect emergence timing and composition differs across thaw ponds of varying morphology","docAbstract":"Freshwater ponds provide habitats for aquatic insects that emerge and subsidize consumers in terrestrial ecosystems. In the Arctic, insects provide an important seasonal source of energy to birds that breed and rear young on the tundra. The abundance and timing of insect emergence from arctic thaw ponds is poorly understood, but understanding these fluxes is important, given the role of insects in food webs and current rates of environmental change at high latitudes. We aimed to evaluate emerging insect communities from thaw ponds with different morphologies, identify environmental covariates influencing insect composition, and describe temporal changes in insect abundance. We collected environmental information and insects that emerged over two growing seasons and examined the phenology and taxonomic composition of insects arising from different pond classes: low centered polygon, small coalescent, large coalescent, and trough ponds. Our findings indicated no differences in the timing of total emergence across ponds of varying morphology. Community dissimilarity was primarily associated with center or margin habitat and variables that differed strongly among pond classes. These insects, which provide important provisions for various species of birds, are likely to experience changes in emergence phenology and composition due to ongoing, rapid warming in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2021.1902249","usgsCitation":"Laske, S.M., Gurney, K.E., Koch, J.C., Schmutz, J.A., and Wipfli, M.S., 2021, Arctic insect emergence timing and composition differs across thaw ponds of varying morphology: Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, v. 53, no. 1, p. 110-126, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.1902249.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"110","endPage":"126","ipdsId":"IP-121723","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452558,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2021.1902249","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FG9DEO","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Insect Emergence from Arctic Coastal Plain Thaw Ponds, 2012-2013"},{"id":385352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Arctic Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -144.0087890625,\n 70.01307827710367\n ],\n [\n -153.1494140625,\n 71.00265967789278\n ],\n [\n -156.77490234375,\n 71.28669893545877\n ],\n [\n -163.14697265625,\n 69.90766734108514\n ],\n [\n -163.49853515625,\n 68.73638345287264\n ],\n [\n -155.126953125,\n 68.37490016066832\n ],\n [\n -149.17236328125,\n 68.80004113882613\n ],\n [\n -143.98681640625,\n 69.9830151028733\n ],\n [\n -144.0087890625,\n 70.01307827710367\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laske, Sarah M. 0000-0002-6096-0420 slaske@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0420","contributorId":204872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laske","given":"Sarah","email":"slaske@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gurney, Kirsty E. 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Sea lamprey, a destructive invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes and conservation target in North America and Europe, is among very few fishes that possess and use oral suction, yet suction has not been exploited for sea lamprey control or conservation. Knowledge of specific characteristics of sea lamprey suction (e.g., amplitude, duration, and pattern of suction events; hereafter ‘suction dynamics’) may be useful to develop devices that detect, record, and respond to the presence of sea lamprey at a given place and time. Previous observations were limited to adult sea lampreys in static water. In this study, pressure sensing panels were constructed and used to measure oral suction pressures and describe suction dynamics of juvenile and adult sea lampreys at multiple locations within the mouth and in static and flowing water. Suction dynamics were largely consistent with previous descriptions, but more variation was observed. For adult sea lampreys, suction pressures ranged from –0.6 kPa to –26 kPa with 20 s to 200 s between pumps at rest, and increased to –8 kPa to –70 kPa when lampreys were manually disengaged. An array of sensors indicated that suction pressure distribution was largely uniform across the mouths of both juvenile and adult lampreys; but some apparent variation was attributed to obstruction of sensing portal holes by teeth. Suction pressure did not differ between static and flowing water when water velocity was lower than 0.45 m/s. Such information may inform design of new systems to monitor behavior, distribution and abundance of lampreys.
The larval stage of invasive Dreissena spp. mussels (i.e., veligers) are understudied despite their seasonal numerical dominance among plankton. We report the spring and summer veliger densities and size structure across the main basin, North Channel, and Georgian Bay of Lake Huron, and seek to explain spatiotemporal variation. Monthly sampling was conducted at 9 transects and up to 3 sites per transect from spring through summer 2017. Veliger densities peaked in June and July, and we found comparable densities and biomasses of veligers between basins, despite differences in density of juvenile and adult mussels across these regions. Using a generalized additive model to explain variations in veliger density, we found that temperature, chlorophyll a, and nitrates/nitrites were most important. We generated an index of veliger attrition based on size distributions that revealed a higher rate of attrition in the North Channel than the rest of the lake. A logistic model indicated a threshold calcium concentration of around 22 mg/L was necessary for veligers to survive to larger sizes and recruit to their juvenile and benthic adult life stages. Improved understanding of factors that regulate the production and survival of Dreissena veligers could improve the ability of managers to assess future invasion threats as well as explore potential control options.
A new history of great earthquakes (and their tsunamis) for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone shows more frequent (17 in the past 6700 yr) megathrust ruptures than previous coastal chronologies. The history is based on along-strike correlations of Bayesian age models derived from evaluation of 554 radiocarbon ages that date earthquake evidence at 14 coastal sites. We reconstruct a history that accounts for all dated stratigraphic evidence with the fewest possible ruptures by evaluating the sequence of age models for earthquake or tsunami contacts at each site, comparing the degree of temporal overlap of correlated site age models, considering evidence for closely spaced earthquakes at four sites, and hypothesizing only maximum-length megathrust ruptures. For the past 6700 yr, recurrence for all earthquakes is 370–420 yr. But correlations suggest that ruptures at ∼1.5 ka and ∼1.1 ka were of limited extent (<400 km). If so, post-3-ka recurrence for ruptures extending throughout central and southern Cascadia is 510–540 yr. But the range in the times between earthquakes is large: two instances may be ∼50 yr, whereas the longest are ∼550 and ∼850 yr. The closely spaced ruptures about 1.6 ka may illustrate a pattern common at subduction zones of a long gap ending with a great earthquake rupturing much of the subduction zone, shortly followed by a rupture of more limited extent. The ruptures of limited extent support the continued inclusion of magnitude-8 earthquakes, with longer ruptures near magnitude 9, in assessments of seismic hazard in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106922","usgsCitation":"Nelson, A., DuRoss, C., Witter, R., Kelsey, H., Engelhart, S.E., Mahan, S.A., Gray, H., Hawkes, A.D., Horton, B.P., and Padgett, J., 2021, A maximum rupture model for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone—reassessing ages for coastal evidence of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 261, 106922, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106922.","productDescription":"106922, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127841","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452566,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106922","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436395,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YWIDOW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"DATA RELEASE Part 2: Optical luminescence dating of Bradley Lake, Oregon, tsunami deposits, analytical data for: A maximum rupture model for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone-reassessing ages for coastal evidence of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis"},{"id":436394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7S75DTS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Radiocarbon ages, age-model code, and other supplemental data for Nelson et al. (2021), A maximum rupture model for the central and southern Cascadia subduction zone - assessing ages for coastal evidence of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis"},{"id":385446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.529296875,\n 51.944264879028765\n ],\n [\n -129.462890625,\n 50.736455137010665\n ],\n [\n -124.4091796875,\n 42.5530802889558\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -122.25585937500001,\n 40.88029480552824\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 45.27488643704891\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -127.529296875,\n 51.944264879028765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"261","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Alan 0000-0001-7117-7098","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7098","contributorId":216700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Alan","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuRoss, Christopher 0000-0002-6963-7451 cduross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-7451","contributorId":152321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuRoss","given":"Christopher","email":"cduross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Witter, Robert C. 0000-0002-1721-254X rwitter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-254X","contributorId":4528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witter","given":"Robert C.","email":"rwitter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelsey, Harvey M.","contributorId":206893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Harvey M.","affiliations":[{"id":7067,"text":"Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engelhart, Simon E.","contributorId":60104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Engelhart","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6923,"text":"University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gray, Harrison J. 0000-0002-4555-7473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-7473","contributorId":207019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Harrison J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hawkes, Andrea D.","contributorId":192811,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hawkes","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":815117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Horton, Benjamin P.","contributorId":192807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horton","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":5110,"text":"Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Padgett, Jason S.","contributorId":257829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Padgett","given":"Jason S.","affiliations":[{"id":52130,"text":"Department of Geology, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95524, USA; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ]}