This geospatial database for a geologic map of the Cascades Range in Washington state is one of a series of maps that shows Cascade Range geology by fitting published and unpublished mapping into a province-wide scheme of lithostratigraphic units. Geologic maps of the Eocene to Holocene Cascade Range in California and Oregon complete the series, providing a comprehensive geologic map of the entire Cascade Range that incorporates modern field studies and that has a unified and internally consistent explanantion. The complete series will be useful for regional studies of volcanic hazards, volcanology, and tectonics.
\n\n
Originally a project supported by the Geothermal Research Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the maps emphasize Quaternary volcanic rocks, because large igneous-related hydrothermal systems that have high temperatures are associated with Quaternary volcanic fields. Rocks older than a few million years are also included on the maps as they help to unravel geologic puzzles of the present-day Cascade Range. The deeply eroded older volcanoes found in the Western Cascades physiographic subprovince are analogues of today's snow-covered shield volcanoes and stratovolcanoes. The fossil hydrothermal systems of the Eocene to Pliocene vents now exposed provide clues to processes active today beneath the Pleistocene and Holocene volcanic peaks along the present-day crest of the Cascade Range. Study of these older rocks can aid in developing models of geothermal systems. These rocks also give insight into the origins of volcanic-hosted mineral deposits and even to future volcanic hazards.
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This digital database contains information used to produce the geologic map published as Sheet 1 in U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map I-2005. (Sheet 2 of Map I-2005 shows sources of geologic data used in the compilation and is available separately). Sheet 1 of Map I-2005 shows the distribution and relations of volcanic and related rock units in the Cascade Range of Washington at a scale of 1:500,000. This digital release is produced from stable materials originally compiled at 1:250,000 scale that were used to publish Sheet 1. The database therefore contains more detailed geologic information than is portrayed on Sheet 1. This is most noticeable in the database as expanded polygons of surficial units and the presence of additional strands of concealed faults. No stable compilation materials exist for Sheet 1 at 1:500,000 scale. The main component of this digital release is a spatial database prepared using geographic information systems (GIS) applications. This release also contains links to files to view or print the map sheet, main report text, and accompanying mapping reference sheet from Map I-2005. For more information on volcanoes in the Cascade Range in Washington, Oregon, or California, please refer to the U.S. Geological Survey Volcano Hazards Program website.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds842","usgsCitation":"Barron, A.D., Ramsey, D.W., and Smith, J.G., 2014, Database for the geologic map of upper Eocene to Holocene volcanic and related rocks in the Cascade Range, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 842, Report: HTML Document; Readme; Metadata; Database, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds842.","productDescription":"Report: HTML Document; Readme; Metadata; Database","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048871","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295795,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds842.JPG"},{"id":295785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0842/downloads/ds842_index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295786,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0842/downloads/ds842_README.txt","size":"2 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":295775,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0842/"},{"id":295787,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0842/downloads/ds842_metadata-geo.txt","size":"27 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":295788,"rank":6,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0842/downloads/DS-842/ds842.zip","size":"18.2 MB"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Range","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5454968de4b0dc7793747c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barron, Andrew D.","contributorId":28628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barron","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":522818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":522817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, James G.","contributorId":127003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":522819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138823,"text":"70138823 - 2014 - Using vertical Fourier transforms to invert potential-field data to magnetization or density models in the presence of topography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-03T16:30:57","indexId":"70138823","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using vertical Fourier transforms to invert potential-field data to magnetization or density models in the presence of topography","docAbstract":"A physical property inversion approach based on the use of 3D (or 2D) Fourier transforms to calculate the potential-field within a 3D (or 2D) volume from a known physical property distribution within the volume is described. Topographic surfaces and observations at arbitrary locations are easily accommodated. The limitations of the approach and applications to real data are considered.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2014 Technical Program Expanded Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2014 SEG Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 26-31, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/segam2014-0226.1","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J., 2014, Using vertical Fourier transforms to invert potential-field data to magnetization or density models in the presence of topography, in Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2014 Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, Denver, CO, October 26-31, 2014, p. 1339-1343, https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2014-0226.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1339","endPage":"1343","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055541","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"562f4ebce4b093cee780a2b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70148350,"text":"70148350 - 2014 - Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T11:16:24","indexId":"70148350","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future","docAbstract":"Managers of large river basins face conflicting needs for water resources such as wildlife habitat, water supply, wastewater assimilative capacity, flood control, hydroelectricity, and recreation. The Savannah River Basin for example, has experienced three major droughts since 2000 that resulted in record low water levels in its reservoirs, impacting local economies for years. The Savannah River Basin’s coastal area contains municipal water intakes and the ecologically sensitive freshwater tidal marshes of the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge. The Port of Savannah is the fourth busiest in the United States, and modifications to the harbor have caused saltwater to migrate upstream, reducing the freshwater marsh’s acreage more than 50 percent since the 1970s. There is a planned deepening of the harbor that includes flow-alteration features to minimize further migration of salinity. The effectiveness of the flow-alteration features will only be known after they are constructed.
\nOne of the challenges of basin management is the optimization of water use through ongoing regional economic development, droughts, and climate change. This paper describes a model of the Savannah River Basin designed to continuously optimize regulated flow to meet prioritized objectives set by resource managers and stakeholders. The model was developed from historical data by using machine learning, making it more accurate and adaptable to changing conditions than traditional models. The model is coupled to an optimization routine that computes the daily flow needed to most efficiently meet the water-resource management objectives. The model and optimization routine are packaged in a decision support system that makes it easy for managers and stakeholders to use. Simulation results show that flow can be regulated to substantially reduce salinity intrusions in the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge while conserving more water in the reservoirs. A method for using the model to assess the effectiveness of the flow-alteration features after the deepening also is demonstrated.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Roehl, E.A., and Conrads, P., 2014, Optimally managing water resources in large river basins for an uncertain future, in Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, SC, October 15-16, 2014, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065989","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":300918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2014/2014policy/3/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"lower Savannah River, Savannah National Wildlife Refuge, Savannah River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.90057373046875,\n 32.0383483283312\n ],\n [\n -80.9033203125,\n 32.02146689475617\n ],\n [\n -81.02005004882812,\n 32.088392208449804\n ],\n [\n -81.05369567871094,\n 32.07850198496867\n ],\n [\n -81.07635498046875,\n 32.07850198496867\n ],\n [\n -81.12579345703125,\n 32.10758782193262\n ],\n [\n -81.15669250488281,\n 32.156431175120495\n ],\n [\n -81.15669250488281,\n 32.22151494505975\n ],\n [\n -81.18175506591797,\n 32.25491040237429\n ],\n [\n -81.13849639892578,\n 32.33123819794542\n ],\n [\n -81.11858367919922,\n 32.32427558887655\n ],\n [\n -81.11858367919922,\n 32.28568142693891\n ],\n [\n -81.14433288574219,\n 32.21919132617101\n ],\n [\n -81.11686706542967,\n 32.19537080888963\n ],\n [\n -81.1117172241211,\n 32.149455154523984\n ],\n [\n -81.07086181640625,\n 32.09799051942507\n ],\n [\n -81.00288391113281,\n 32.103225536729\n ],\n [\n -80.90057373046875,\n 32.0383483283312\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698dede4b0d9246a9f64af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":547796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70129749,"text":"ds889 - 2014 - Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-06T09:11:11","indexId":"ds889","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-30T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"889","title":"Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, conducted a study to characterize the physical habitat occupied by Kootenai River white sturgeon during spawning and early-life phases. The objective was to gain a better understanding of spawning behavior, site selection, and type of habitat used during egg incubation in two sub-reaches of the Kootenai River. Habitat characterizations generated by this study will assist in the design of a substrate enhancement pilot project.
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This report presents the methods used to develop georeferenced portable document format maps and geospatial data that describe spawning locations and physical habitat characteristics (including egg mat locations, bathymetry, surficial sediment facies, and streamflow velocity) within the substrate enhancement pilot project study area. The results are presented as two maps illustrating the physical habitat characteristics along with proposed habitat enhancement areas, aerial imagery, and hydrography. The results of this study will assist researchers, policy makers, and management agencies in deciding the spatial location and extent of the substrate enhancement pilot project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds889","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., 2014, Maps and geospatial data for the Shorty’s Island and Myrtle Bend substrate enhancement pilot projects, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 889, Report: iv, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 22.75 x 29.0 inches; GIS Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds889.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 9 p.; 2 Plates: 22.75 x 29.0 inches; GIS Datasets","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056774","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds889.PNG"},{"id":295756,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/"},{"id":295763,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/ds889_gis.html"},{"id":295764,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/pdf/ds889.pdf","size":"565 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295759,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/downloads/ds889_plate1.pdf","size":"19.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295760,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0889/downloads/ds889_plate2.pdf","size":"16.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1500","projection":"Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River, Myrtle Bend, Shorty's Island","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5454a49ae4b0dc7793747c82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114625,"text":"ds865 - 2014 - Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-07T09:59:51","indexId":"ds865","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-30T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"865","title":"Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the 1,850-square-mile North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer (NSF-SA) study unit was investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from April to August 2012, as part of the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program’s Priority Basin Project (PBP). The GAMA-PBP was developed in response to the California Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted in collaboration with the SWRCB and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The NSF-SA study unit was the first study unit to be sampled as part of the second phase of the GAMA-PBP, which focuses on the shallow aquifer system.
\n\n
The GAMA NSF-SA study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of untreated-groundwater quality in the shallow aquifer systems and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of untreated-groundwater quality throughout California. The shallow aquifer system in the NSF-SA study unit was defined as the part of the aquifer system that is used by many private domestic wells and is shallower than the primary aquifer system used by many public-supply wells.
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In the NSF-SA study unit located in Marin, Mendocino, Napa, Solano, and Sonoma Counties, groundwater samples were collected from 71 wells. Seventy of the wells were selected by using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study unit (grid wells), and one well was selected to aid in evaluation of water-quality issues (understanding well).
\n\n
The groundwater samples were analyzed for organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], pesticides, and pesticide degradates); constituents of special interest (perchlorate and 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]); naturally occurring inorganic constituents (trace elements, nutrients, major and minor ions, silica, and total dissolved solids [TDS]); and radioactive constituents (radon-222 and gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, boron, strontium, and inorganic carbon in water, tritium activities, and carbon-14 abundances) were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 207 constituents and water-quality indicators were measured.
\n\n
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) were collected at up to 13 percent of the wells in the NSF-SA study unit, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination from sample-collection procedures was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Replicate samples generally were within the limits of acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix-spike recoveries were within the acceptable range (70 to 130 percent) for approximately 91 percent of the compounds.
\n\n
Most of the wells sampled for this study were private domestic wells. Private domestic wells are not regulated in California, and groundwater from these wells is rarely analyzed for water-quality constituents. Although regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality do not apply to private domestic wells, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH), to non-regulatory health-based benchmarks established by the USGS in cooperation with the USEPA, and to non-regulatory benchmarks established for aesthetic concerns by the CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and benchmarks for drinking water are for illustrative purposes only and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those benchmarks. Most of the organic and inorganic constituents that were detected in groundwater samples from the 70 grid wells in the NSF-SA study unit were detected at concentrations less than drinking-water benchmarks.
\n\n
Of the 149 organic and special-interest constituents analyzed for in groundwater samples, 31 were detected; concentrations of most detected constituents were less than regulatory and non-regulatory health-based benchmarks. One VOC, benzene, and one insecticide, dieldrin, were detected at concentrations above their respective health-based benchmarks. In total, VOCs were detected in 40 percent of the grid wells sampled, pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 13 percent, and perchlorate was detected in 27 percent of the 70 grid wells sampled.
\n\n
Groundwater samples from 70 grid wells were analyzed for trace elements, major and minor ions, nutrients, and radioactive constituents; most detected concentrations were less than health-based benchmarks. Exceptions are 12 detections of manganese greater than the USGS Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL), 7 detections of arsenic greater than the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L), 2 detections of boron greater than the HBSL of 6,000 μg/L, 2 detections of fluoride greater than the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA) of 2 milligrams per liter (mg/L), 2 detections of nitrate greater than the MCL-US of 10 mg/L, and two detections of radon-222 greater than the proposed MCL-US of 4,000 picocuries per liter.
\n\n
Results for constituents with non-regulatory benchmarks set for aesthetic concerns from the grid wells showed that iron concentrations greater than the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) of 300 μg/L were detected in 13 grid wells. Chloride was detected at a concentration greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 250 mg/L in two grid wells. Sulfate concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 250 mg/L were measured in two grid wells, and the concentration in one of these wells was also greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 500 mg/L. TDS concentrations greater than the SMCL-CA recommended benchmark of 500 mg/L were measured in 15 grid wells, and concentrations in 4 of these wells were also greater than the SMCL-CA upper benchmark of 1,000 mg/L.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds865","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board.","usgsCitation":"Bennett, G.L., and Fram, M.S., 2014, Groundwater-quality data in the North San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer study unit, 2012: results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 865, x, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds865.","productDescription":"x, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"108","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-050639","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds865.jpg"},{"id":295765,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0865/pdf/ds865.pdf","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":295758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0865/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay Shallow Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ],\n [\n -122.464599609375,\n 37.97018468810549\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 38.35888785866677\n ],\n [\n -122.51953124999999,\n 38.79690830348427\n ],\n [\n -122.947998046875,\n 38.93377552819722\n ],\n [\n -123.23364257812499,\n 38.762650338334154\n ],\n [\n -123.277587890625,\n 38.39333888832238\n ],\n [\n -123.04687499999999,\n 38.18638677411551\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545c9bb5e4b0ba8303f709ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, George L. V 0000-0002-6239-1604 georbenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-1604","contributorId":1373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"George","suffix":"V","email":"georbenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70131481,"text":"70131481 - 2014 - Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T11:58:18.201575","indexId":"70131481","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments","docAbstract":"Models of dual‐domain mass transfer (DDMT) are used to explain anomalous aquifer transport behavior such as the slow release of contamination and solute tracer tailing. Traditional tracer experiments to characterize DDMT are performed at the flow path scale (meters), which inherently incorporates heterogeneous exchange processes; hence, estimated “effective” parameters are sensitive to experimental design (i.e., duration and injection velocity). Recently, electrical geophysical methods have been used to aid in the inference of DDMT parameters because, unlike traditional fluid sampling, electrical methods can directly sense less‐mobile solute dynamics and can target specific points along subsurface flow paths. Here we propose an analytical framework for graphical parameter inference based on a simple petrophysical model explaining the hysteretic relation between measurements of bulk and fluid conductivity arising in the presence of DDMT at the local scale. Analysis is graphical and involves visual inspection of hysteresis patterns to (1) determine the size of paired mobile and less‐mobile porosities and (2) identify the exchange rate coefficient through simple curve fitting. We demonstrate the approach using laboratory column experimental data, synthetic streambed experimental data, and field tracer‐test data. Results from the analytical approach compare favorably with results from calibration of numerical models and also independent measurements of mobile and less‐mobile porosity. We show that localized electrical hysteresis patterns resulting from diffusive exchange are independent of injection velocity, indicating that repeatable parameters can be extracted under varied experimental designs, and these parameters represent the true intrinsic properties of specific volumes of porous media of aquifers and hyporheic zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015880","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M.A., Day-Lewis, F.D., Ong, J.B., Harvey, J.W., and Lane, J.W., 2014, Dual-domain mass-transfer parameters from electrical hysteresis: Theory and analytical approach applied to laboratory, synthetic streambed, and groundwater experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 10, p. 8281-8299, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015880.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"8281","endPage":"8299","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059884","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015880","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d632e4b04d4b7dbd65c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A. 0000-0003-3206-4132 mbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-4132","contributorId":4114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin","email":"mbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ong, John B. jbong@usgs.gov","contributorId":5190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ong","given":"John","email":"jbong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":521238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70123235,"text":"ofr20141185 - 2014 - Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T15:40:24","indexId":"ofr20141185","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T15:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1185","title":"Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon","docAbstract":"The upper Klamath River and adjacent Lost River are interconnected basins in south-central Oregon and northern California. Both basins have impaired water quality with Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) in progress or approved. In cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Watercourse Engineering, Inc., have conducted modeling and research to inform management of these basins for multiple purposes, including agriculture, endangered species protection, wildlife refuges, and adjacent and downstream water users. A water-quality and hydrodynamic model (CE-QUAL-W2) of the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River for 2006–09 is one of the tools used in this work. The model can simulate stage, flow, water velocity, ice cover, water temperature, specific conductance, suspended sediment, nutrients, organic matter in bed sediment and the water column, three algal groups, three macrophyte groups, dissolved oxygen, and pH.
\nThis report documents two model scenarios and a test of the existing model applied to year 2011, which had exceptional water quality. The first scenario examined the water-quality effects of recirculating Klamath Straits Drain flows into the Ady Canal, to conserve water and to decrease flows from the Klamath Straits Drain to the Klamath River. The second scenario explicitly incorporated a 2.73×106 m2 (675 acre) off-channel connected wetland into the CE-QUAL-W2 framework, with the wetland operating from May 1 through October 31. The wetland represented a managed treatment feature to decrease organic matter loads and process nutrients. Finally, the summer of 2011 showed substantially higher dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Link-Keno reach than in other recent years, so the Link-Keno model (originally developed for 2006–09) was run with 2011 data as a test of model parameters and rates and to develop insights regarding the reasons for the improved water-quality conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A., Sogutlugil, I., Deas, M.L., and Rounds, S.A., 2014, Water-quality modeling of Klamath Straits Drain recirculation, a Klamath River wetland, and 2011 conditions for the Link River to Keno Dam reach of the Klamath River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1185, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141185.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056254","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141185.jpg"},{"id":295750,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1185/"},{"id":295751,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1185/pdf/ofr2014-1185.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c07e4b03653c63fb1be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":79821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett B.","email":"annett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":499955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sogutlugil, I. Ertugrul","contributorId":23867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sogutlugil","given":"I. Ertugrul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deas, Michael L.","contributorId":61359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deas","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70127554,"text":"ds887 - 2014 - EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-24T10:55:21","indexId":"ds887","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-24T10:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"887","title":"EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived submerged topography datasets were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.
\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets for part of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, acquired post-Hurricane Sandy on November 1, 5, 16, 20, and 30, 2012; December 5, 6, and 21, 2012; and January 10, 2013. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar system, known as the second-generation Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL-B), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL-B system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nm) lidar designed to map nearshore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL-B sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) and infrared (IR) digital cameras, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL-B platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys.
\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL-B system. The resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed originally in a NASA-USGS collaboration. The exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode is supported using ALPS. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. The Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS) is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the \"bare earth\" under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.
\nFor more information about similar projects, please visit the Lidar for Science and Resource Management Web site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds887","usgsCitation":"Wright, C., Troche, R.J., Kranenburg, C., Klipp, E.S., Fredericks, X., and Nagle, D.B., 2014, EAARL-B submerged topography: Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, post-Hurricane Sandy, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 887, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds887.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-11-01","temporalEnd":"2013-01-10","ipdsId":"IP-055647","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds887.jpg"},{"id":295713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0887/home.html"},{"id":295715,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0887/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b5c05e4b03653c63fb1b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne","contributorId":52097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C. Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Troche, Rodolfo J. rtroche@usgs.gov","contributorId":4304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troche","given":"Rodolfo","email":"rtroche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kranenburg, Christine J.","contributorId":7211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kranenburg","given":"Christine J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredericks, Xan","contributorId":73520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredericks","given":"Xan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nagle, David B. 0000-0002-2306-6147 dnagle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-6147","contributorId":3380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"David","email":"dnagle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70125720,"text":"ofr20141152 - 2014 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T18:27:09","indexId":"ofr20141152","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-22T08:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1152","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"
Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract unconventional natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique for extraction, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication. In this region, natural gas and oil development disturbed approximately 5,255 hectares (ha) (conventional, 2,400 ha; Marcellus, 357 ha; and oil, 1,883 ha) of land of which 3,507 ha were forested land and 610 ha were agricultural land. Eighty percent of that total disturbance was from conventional natural gas and oil development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141152","usgsCitation":"Milheim, L.E., Slonecker, E.T., Roig-Silva, C., Winters, S., and Ballew, J.R., 2014, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Cameron, Clarion, Elk, Forest, Jefferson, McKean, Potter, and Warren Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1152, v, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141152.","productDescription":"v, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-056242","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295598,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141152.jpg"},{"id":295597,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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E.","contributorId":89469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slonecker, E. T.","contributorId":101585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roig-Silva, C. M.","contributorId":11534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, S. G.","contributorId":75083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"S. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ballew, J. R.","contributorId":46030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballew","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70188056,"text":"70188056 - 2014 - Examining change detection approaches for tropical mangrove monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:10:54","indexId":"70188056","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examining change detection approaches for tropical mangrove monitoring","docAbstract":"This study evaluated the effectiveness of different band combinations and classifiers (unsupervised, supervised, object-oriented nearest neighbor, and object-oriented decision rule) for quantifying mangrove forest change using multitemporal Landsat data. A discriminant analysis using spectra of different vegetation types determined that bands 2 (0.52 to 0.6 μm), 5 (1.55 to 1.75 μm), and 7 (2.08 to 2.35 μm) were the most effective bands for differentiating mangrove forests from surrounding land cover types. A ranking of thirty-six change maps, produced by comparing the classification accuracy of twelve change detection approaches, was used. The object-based Nearest Neighbor classifier produced the highest mean overall accuracy (84 percent) regardless of band combinations. The automated decision rule-based approach (mean overall accuracy of 88 percent) as well as a composite of bands 2, 5, and 7 used with the unsupervised classifier and the same composite or all band difference with the object-oriented Nearest Neighbor classifier were the most effective approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","doi":"10.14358/PERS.80.10.983","usgsCitation":"Myint, S.W., Franklin, J., Buenemann, M., Kim, W., and Giri, C., 2014, Examining change detection approaches for tropical mangrove monitoring: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 10, p. 983-993, https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.80.10.983.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"983","endPage":"993","ipdsId":"IP-059199","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14358/pers.80.10.983","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341870,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c2e4b092b266f10d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myint, Soe W.","contributorId":192372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Myint","given":"Soe","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Franklin, Janet","contributorId":90833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buenemann, Michaela","contributorId":192374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buenemann","given":"Michaela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kim, Won","contributorId":192375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Won","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":189128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156794,"text":"70156794 - 2014 - Stitching the western Piedmont of Virginia: Early Paleozoic tectonic history of the Ellisville Pluton and the Potomac and Chopawamsic Terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T10:39:36","indexId":"70156794","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Stitching the western Piedmont of Virginia: Early Paleozoic tectonic history of the Ellisville Pluton and the Potomac and Chopawamsic Terranes","docAbstract":"The theme of the 2014 Virginia Geological Field Conference is the tectonic development, economic geology, and seismicity of the western Piedmont of Louisa County, Virginia. It is timely for the conference to turn its attention here, for during the past decade these aspects of western Piedmont geology have garnered the renewed attention of researchers. In terms of regional tectonics, it has been hypothesized that the major structure in the region, the Chopawamsic fault system, represents the most significant boundary in the Appalachian orogen, the main Iapetan suture (Hibbard et al., 2014). Economically, recent elevated market values of metals— particularly that of gold—has spurred reconsideration of the economic geology of the western Piedmont. Finally, the August 23, 2011, M5.8 earthquake, with its epicenter in our field area, startled the North American east coast and has revived awareness of the seismic potential of the region.
This renewed interest in the geology of the western Piedmont of north-central Virginia has led to new detailed bedrock mapping, detailed surficial mapping, high-resolution UPb TIMS zircon geochronology, U-Pb LA-ICPMS detrital zircon geochronology, radiogenic isotope geochemistry, major/minor/REE geochemistry, and geophysical studies (e.g. Bailey et al., 2005, 2008; Bailey and Owens, 2012: Berti et al., 2012; Burton et al., 2014; Burton, in progress; Harrison, 2012; Horton et al., 2010, in press; Hughes, 2010, 2014; Hughes et al., 2013a, 2013b, 2014, in press a, in press b; Malenda, in progress; Owens et al., 2013; Spears and Gilmer 2012; Spears et al. 2013, Terblanche, 2013; Terblanche and Nance, 2012). A host of institutions have taken part in the research, including North Carolina State University, the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, the U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia Tech, Lehigh University, and the College of William and Mary. Many of these investigations remain active. The majority of the data presented herein is the product of research conducted from 2010 to 2014 by geologists at North Carolina State University.
This field trip guide is intended to complement a Geological Society of America field guide (Hughes et al., 2014) that covers the western Piedmont geology along strike to the northeast in the vicinity of Fredericksburg. Geologic mapping and geochronologic and geochemical sampling were coordinated between these two areas as part of a study funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the USGS EDMAP program. Some of the stops in this guide have previously been written up in past field guides (Hughes, 2010; Burton et al., 2014) and are reused here because of their ease of access for large groups and because of new data that update the context and our understanding of the outcrops.
","conferenceTitle":"44th Annual Virginia Geological Field Conference","conferenceDate":"October 10-11, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Louisa County, VA","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Museum of Natural History","publisherLocation":"Martinsville, VA","usgsCitation":"Hughes, K.S., Hibbard, J.P., Sauer, R., and Burton, W.C., 2014, Stitching the western Piedmont of Virginia: Early Paleozoic tectonic history of the Ellisville Pluton and the Potomac and Chopawamsic Terranes, v. 9, 33 p.","productDescription":"33 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059847","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340906,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340904,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.vmnh.net/products/details/id/177/catid/73/guidebook-9"}],"country":"United 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S.","contributorId":147160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16798,"text":"N.C. State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hibbard, J. P.","contributorId":147161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hibbard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16799,"text":"N. C. State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, R.T.","contributorId":147162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sauer","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16800,"text":"Callahan Mining","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burton, William C. 0000-0001-7519-5787 bburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7519-5787","contributorId":1293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"William","email":"bburton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133144,"text":"70133144 - 2014 - A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T12:42:56","indexId":"70133144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence","docAbstract":"Understanding how animal density is related to pathogen transmission is important to develop effective disease control strategies, but requires measuring density at a scale relevant to transmission. However, this is not straightforward or well-studied among large mammals with group sizes that range several orders of magnitude or aggregation patterns that vary across space and time. To address this issue, we examined spatial variation in elk (Cervus canadensis) aggregation patterns and brucellosis across 10 regions in the Greater Yellowstone Area where previous studies suggest the disease may be increasing. We hypothesized that rates of increasing brucellosis would be better related to the frequency of large groups than mean group size or population density, but we examined whether other measures of density would also explain rising seroprevalence. To do this, we measured wintering elk density and group size across multiple spatial and temporal scales from monthly aerial surveys. We used Bayesian hierarchical models and 20 years of serologic data to estimate rates of increase in brucellosis within the 10 regions, and to examine the linear relationships between these estimated rates of increase and multiple measures of aggregation. Brucellosis seroprevalence increased over time in eight regions (one region showed an estimated increase from 0.015 in 1991 to 0.26 in 2011), and these rates of increase were positively related to all measures of aggregation. The relationships were weaker when the analysis was restricted to areas where brucellosis was present for at least two years, potentially because aggregation was related to disease-establishment within a population. Our findings suggest that (1) group size did not explain brucellosis increases any better than population density and (2) some elk populations may have high densities with small groups or lower densities with large groups, but brucellosis is likely to increase in either scenario. In this case, any one control method such as reducing population density or group size may not be sufficient to reduce transmission. This study highlights the importance of examining the density-transmission relationship at multiple scales and across populations before broadly applying disease control strategies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00181.1","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Cross, P.C., Higgs, M.D., Edwards, W.H., Scurlock, B.M., and Creel, S., 2014, A multi-scale assessment of animal aggregation patterns to understand increasing pathogen seroprevalence: Ecosphere, v. 5, no. 10, art138: 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00181.1.","productDescription":"art138: 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053350","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00181.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.896240234375,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 41.393294288784865\n ],\n [\n -106.50146484374999,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -109.896240234375,\n 44.98811302615805\n ],\n [\n -109.896240234375,\n 41.393294288784865\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f80e4b09da67997ecb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Angela K. akbrennan@usgs.gov","contributorId":4892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Angela","email":"akbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higgs, Megan D.","contributorId":127365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higgs","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6916,"text":"Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, W. Henry","contributorId":127366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":688074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scurlock, Brandon M.","contributorId":93788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scurlock","given":"Brandon","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6917,"text":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Creel, Scott","contributorId":15089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Creel","given":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70102386,"text":"ofr20141079 - 2014 - Temporal changes in lithology and radiochemistry from the back-barrier environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: March 2012-July 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:59:51.385661","indexId":"ofr20141079","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-20T16:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1079","title":"Temporal changes in lithology and radiochemistry from the back-barrier environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: March 2012-July 2013","docAbstract":"Scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted a time-series collection of shallow sediment cores from the back-barrier environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana from March 2012 through July 2013. The sampling efforts were part of a larger USGS study to evaluate effects on the geomorphology of the Chandeleur Islands following the construction of an artificial sand berm to reduce oil transport onto federally managed lands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the back-barrier tidal and wetland environments to the berm.
\nThis report serves as an archive for sedimentological, radiochemical, and microbiological data derived from the sediment cores. Data are available for a time-series of four sampling periods: March 2012; July 2012; September 2012; and July 2013. Downloadable data are available as Excel spreadsheets and as JPEG files. Additional files include: ArcGIS shapefiles of the sampling sites, detailed results of sediment grain size analyses, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee metadata.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141079","usgsCitation":"Marot, M.E., Adams, C., Richwine, K.A., Smith, C.G., Osterman, L.E., and Bernier, J., 2014, Temporal changes in lithology and radiochemistry from the back-barrier environments along the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana: March 2012-July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1079, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141079.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-03-01","temporalEnd":"2013-07-31","ipdsId":"IP-053261","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141079.JPG"},{"id":295483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1079"},{"id":295506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1079/html/ofr2014-1079_abstract.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5446160be4b0f888a81b7f05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marot, Marci E. 0000-0003-0504-315X mmarot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":2078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"mmarot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, C. Scott","contributorId":79416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"C. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richwine, Kathryn A. krichwine@usgs.gov","contributorId":5004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richwine","given":"Kathryn","email":"krichwine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Christopher G. 0000-0002-8075-4763 cgsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8075-4763","contributorId":3410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Christopher","email":"cgsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osterman, Lisa E. osterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"Lisa","email":"osterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bernier, Julie 0000-0002-9918-5353 jbernier@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-5353","contributorId":3549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernier","given":"Julie","email":"jbernier@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70124042,"text":"ds878 - 2014 - Pharmaceutical compounds in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota: study design, methods, and data, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T09:31:38","indexId":"ds878","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-20T16:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"878","title":"Pharmaceutical compounds in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota: study design, methods, and data, 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, completed a study on the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds and other contaminants of emerging concern in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota during 2013. This report describes the study design and methods for the study on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern, and presents the data collected on pharmaceutical compounds. Samples were analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory for 110 pharmaceutical compounds using research method 9017. Samples from 21 of 45 wells had detectable concentrations of at least one of the 110 compounds analyzed. One sample contained detectable concentrations of nine compounds, which was the most detected in a single sample. Fewer than five compounds were detected in most samples. Among all samples, 27 of the 110 compounds were detected in groundwater from at least one well. Desmethyldiltiazem and nicotine were the most frequently detected compounds, each detected in 5 of 46 environmental samples (one well was sampled twice so a total of 46 environmental samples were collected from 45 wells). Caffeine had the highest detectable concentration of all the compounds at 2,060 nanograms per liter.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds878","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Elliott, S.M., and Erickson, M., 2014, Pharmaceutical compounds in shallow groundwater in non-agricultural areas of Minnesota: study design, methods, and data, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 878, Report: v, 11 p.; Table 4, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds878.","productDescription":"Report: v, 11 p.; Table 4","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2013-04-01","temporalEnd":"2013-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-057550","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds878.jpg"},{"id":295503,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0878/"},{"id":295509,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0878/downloads/table4.xls"},{"id":295508,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0878/pdf/ds878.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54461609e4b0f888a81b7f03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70126210,"text":"ds882 - 2014 - Water temperature differences by plant community and location in re-established wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, July 2005 to February 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-17T08:14:08","indexId":"ds882","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T16:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"882","title":"Water temperature differences by plant community and location in re-established wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, July 2005 to February 2008","docAbstract":"Rates of carbon storage in wetlands are determined by the balance of its inputs and losses, both of which are affected by environmental factors such as water temperature and depth. In the autumn of 1997, the U.S. Geological Survey re-established two wetlands with different shallow water depths—about 25 and 55 centimeters deep—to investigate the potential to reverse subsidence of delta islands by preserving and accumulating organic substrates derived from plant biomass inputs over time. Because cooler water temperatures can slow decomposition rates and increase accretion of plant biomass, water temperature was recorded from July 2005 to February 2008 in the deeper of the two wetlands, where areas of emergent and submerged vegetation persisted throughout the study, to assess differences in water temperature between the two vegetation types. Water temperature was compared at three depths in the water column between areas of emergent and submerged vegetation and between areas near the water inflow and in the wetland interior in both vegetation types. The latter comparison was a way of evaluating the effect of the length of time water had resided in the wetland on water temperatures.
\nThere were statistically significant differences in water temperature at all depths between the two vegetation types. Overall, in areas of emergent marsh vegetation, the mean water temperature at the surface was 1.4 degrees Celsius (°C) less than it was in areas of submerged vegetation; however, when analyses accounted for the changes in temperature due to seasonal and diurnal cycles, differences in the mean water temperature between the vegetation types were even greater than this. For example, in the spring, the mean temperatures in areas of emergent marsh vegetation at the surface, mid-point, and near the sediment in the water column were 2.0, 2.3, and 2.1 °C less, respectively, than water temperatures in areas of submerged vegetation. When diurnal changes in temperature were accounted for by comparing temperatures in mid-afternoon (at 3 p.m.), water-temperature differences were even greater than the seasonal means indicated. In areas of emergent vegetation, the mean temperatures were cooler than temperatures in areas of submerged vegetation at the surface, the mid-point, and near the sediment in the water column by 3.9, 3.6, and 2.3 °C, respectively. Furthermore, from July 2005 through December 2006, water temperatures at the surface in the interior of the wetland were significantly cooler than in areas near the inflow supplying water from the San Joaquin River by 1.0 °C in areas of submerged vegetation and by 1.1 °C in areas of emergent vegetation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds882","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Crepeau, K.L., and Miller, R., 2014, Water temperature differences by plant community and location in re-established wetlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, July 2005 to February 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 882, Report: vi, 20 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds882.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 20 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-07-01","temporalEnd":"2008-02-29","ipdsId":"IP-036902","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds882.jpg"},{"id":295437,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0882/"},{"id":295438,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0882/pdf/ds882.pdf"},{"id":295439,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0882/downloads/ds882_appendix01.xlsx"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440d007e4b0b0a643c7329c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crepeau, Kathryn L. kcrepeau@usgs.gov","contributorId":3943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crepeau","given":"Kathryn","email":"kcrepeau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Robin L. romiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robin L.","email":"romiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":501932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70122402,"text":"sir20145155 - 2014 - Water chemistry, seepage investigation, streamflow, reservoir storage, and annual availability of water for the San Juan-Chama Project, northern New Mexico, 1942-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-16T13:14:25","indexId":"sir20145155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T13:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5155","title":"Water chemistry, seepage investigation, streamflow, reservoir storage, and annual availability of water for the San Juan-Chama Project, northern New Mexico, 1942-2010","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority supplements the municipal water supply for the Albuquerque metropolitan area, in central New Mexico, with surface water diverted from the Rio Grande. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority, undertook this study in which water-chemistry data and historical streamflow were compiled and new water-chemistry data were collected to characterize the water chemistry and streamflow of the San Juan-Chama Project (SJCP). Characterization of streamflow included analysis of the variability of annual streamflow and comparison of the theoretical amount of water that could have been diverted into the SJCP to the actual amount of water that was diverted for the SJCP. Additionally, a seepage investigation was conducted along the channel between Azotea Tunnel Outlet and the streamflow-gaging station at Willow Creek above Heron Reservoir to estimate the magnitude of the gain or loss in streamflow resulting from groundwater interaction over the approximately 10-mile reach.
\nGenerally, surface-water chemistry varied with streamflow throughout the year. Streamflow ranged from high flow to low flow on the basis of the quantity of water diverted from the Rio Blanco, Little Navajo River, and Navajo River for the SJCP. Vertical profiles of the water temperature over the depth of the water column at Heron Reservoir indicated that the reservoir is seasonally stratified. The results from the seepage investigations indicated a small amount of loss of streamflow along the channel.
\nAnnual variability in streamflow for the SJCP was an indication of the variation in the climate parameters that interact to contribute to streamflow in the Rio Blanco, Little Navajo River, Navajo River, and Willow Creek watersheds. For most years, streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet started in March and continued for approximately 3 months until the middle of July. The majority of annual streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet occurred from May through June, with a median duration of slightly longer than a month. Years with higher maximum daily streamflow generally are associated with higher annual streamflow than years with lower maximum daily streamflow. The amount of water that can be diverted for the SJCP is controlled by the availability of streamflow and is limited by several factors including legal limits for diversion, limits from the SJCP infrastructure including the size of the diversion dams and tunnels, the capacity of Heron Reservoir, and operational constraints that limit when water can be diverted. The average annual streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet was 94,710 acre-feet, and the annual streamflow at Azotea Tunnel Outlet was approximately 75 percent of the annual streamflow available for the SJCP. The average annual percentage of available streamflow not diverted for the SJCP was 14 percent because of structural limitations of the capacity of infrastructure, 1 percent because of limitations of the reservoir storage capacity, and 29 percent because of the limitations from operations. For most years, the annual available streamflow not diverted for unknown reasons exceeded the sum of the water not diverted because of structural, capacity, and operational limitations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"McKean, S.E., and Anderholm, S.K., 2014, Water chemistry, seepage investigation, streamflow, reservoir storage, and annual availability of water for the San Juan-Chama Project, northern New Mexico, 1942-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5155, Report: viii, 52 p.; 1 Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145155.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 52 p.; 1 Appendix","numberOfPages":"63","ipdsId":"IP-045511","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145155.jpg"},{"id":295407,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5155/pdf/sir2014-5155.pdf"},{"id":295406,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5155/"},{"id":295408,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5155/downloads/sir2014-5155_appendix_1.xlsx"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"San Juan-Chama","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440d006e4b0b0a643c7329a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McKean, Sarah E.","contributorId":92604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKean","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderholm, Scott K.","contributorId":69912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128987,"text":"70128987 - 2014 - Using surface creep rate to infer fraction locked for sections of the San Andreas fault system in northern California from alignment array and GPS data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-12T15:01:45","indexId":"70128987","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T10:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using surface creep rate to infer fraction locked for sections of the San Andreas fault system in northern California from alignment array and GPS data","docAbstract":"Surface creep rate, observed along five branches of the dextral San Andreas fault system in northern California, varies considerably from one section to the next, indicating that so too may the depth at which the faults are locked. We model locking on 29 fault sections using each section’s mean long‐term creep rate and the consensus values of fault width and geologic slip rate. Surface creep rate observations from 111 short‐range alignment and trilateration arrays and 48 near‐fault, Global Positioning System station pairs are used to estimate depth of creep, assuming an elastic half‐space model and adjusting depth of creep iteratively by trial and error to match the creep observations along fault sections. Fault sections are delineated either by geometric discontinuities between them or by distinctly different creeping behaviors. We remove transient rate changes associated with five large (M≥5.5) regional earthquakes. Estimates of fraction locked, the ratio of moment accumulation rate to loading rate, on each section of the fault system provide a uniform means to inform source parameters relevant to seismic‐hazard assessment. From its mean creep rates, we infer the main branch (the San Andreas fault) ranges from only 20%±10% locked on its central creeping section to 99%–100% on the north coast. From mean accumulation rates, we infer that four urban faults appear to have accumulated enough seismic moment to produce major earthquakes: the northern Calaveras (M 6.8), Hayward (M 6.8), Rodgers Creek (M 7.1), and Green Valley (M 7.1). The latter three faults are nearing or past their mean recurrence interval.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140117","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., McFarland, F.S., Simpson, R.W., and Caskey, S., 2014, Using surface creep rate to infer fraction locked for sections of the San Andreas fault system in northern California from alignment array and GPS data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 6, p. 3094-3114, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140117.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"3094","endPage":"3114","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056497","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295344,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140117"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault system","volume":"104","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5440d005e4b0b0a643c73298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McFarland, Forrest S.","contributorId":32104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Forrest","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caskey, S. John","contributorId":21483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caskey","given":"S. John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135670,"text":"70135670 - 2014 - Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-30T12:48:22","indexId":"70135670","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer","docAbstract":"The unadjusted 72-h gross alpha activities in water from two wells completed in marine and alluvial deposits in a coastal southern California aquifer 40 km north of San Diego were 15 and 25 picoCuries per liter (pCi/L). Although activities were below the Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 15 pCi/L, when adjusted for uranium activity; there is concern that new wells in the area may exceed MCLs, or that future regulations may limit water use from the wells. Coupled well-bore flow and depth-dependent water-quality data collected from the wells in 2011 (with analyses for isotopes within the uranium, actinium, and thorium decay-chains) show gross alpha activity in marine deposits is associated with decay of naturally-occurring 238U and its daughter 234U. Radon activities in marine deposits were as high as 2230 pCi/L. In contrast, gross alpha activities in overlying alluvium within the Piedra de Lumbre watershed, eroded from the nearby San Onofre Hills, were associated with decay of 232Th, including its daughter 224Ra. Radon activities in alluvium from Piedra de Lumbre of 450 pCi/L were lower than in marine deposits. Chromium VI concentrations in marine deposits were less than the California MCL of 10 μg/L (effective July 1, 2014) but δ53Cr compositions were near zero and within reported ranges for anthropogenic chromium. Alluvial deposits from the nearby Las Flores watershed, which drains a larger area having diverse geology, has low alpha activities and chromium as a result of geologic and geochemical conditions and may be more promising for future water-supply development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016","usgsCitation":"Densmore, J.N., Izbicki, J., Murtaugh, J.M., Swarzenski, P.W., and Bullen, T.D., 2014, Alpha-emitting isotopes and chromium in a coastal California aquifer: Applied Geochemistry, v. 51, p. 204-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"204","endPage":"215","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044867","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472694,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.09.016","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -117.21725463867186,\n 33.486435450999885\n ],\n [\n -117.21725463867186,\n 33.128351191631566\n ],\n [\n -117.69653320312499,\n 33.128351191631566\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565d813ae4b071e7ea54345a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Densmore, Jill N. 0000-0002-5345-6613 jidensmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-6613","contributorId":1474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"Jill","email":"jidensmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Izbicki, John A. 0000-0003-0816-4408 jaizbick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0816-4408","contributorId":1375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbicki","given":"John A.","email":"jaizbick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murtaugh, Joseph M.","contributorId":150070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murtaugh","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bullen, Thomas D. 0000-0003-2281-1691 tdbullen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-1691","contributorId":1969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullen","given":"Thomas","email":"tdbullen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70129358,"text":"70129358 - 2014 - Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T14:36:50","indexId":"70129358","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin","docAbstract":"The Edisto River is the longest and largest river system completely contained in South Carolina and is one of the longest free flowing blackwater rivers in the United States. The Edisto River basin also has fish-tissue mercury concentrations that are some of the highest recorded in the United States. As part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to expand the understanding of relations among hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes that affect fish-tissue mercury concentrations within the Edisto River basin, analyses and simulations of the hydrology of the Edisto River basin were made with the topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL). The potential for scaling up a previous application of TOPMODEL for the McTier Creek watershed, which is a small headwater catchment to the Edisto River basin, was assessed. Scaling up was done in a step-wise process beginning with applying the calibration parameters, meteorological data, and topographic wetness index data from the McTier Creek TOPMODEL to the Edisto River TOPMODEL. Additional changes were made with subsequent simulations culminating in the best simulation, which included meteorological and topographic wetness index data from the Edisto River basin and updated calibration parameters for some of the TOPMODEL calibration parameters. Comparison of goodness-of-fit statistics between measured and simulated daily mean streamflow for the two models showed that with calibration, the Edisto River TOPMODEL produced slightly better results than the McTier Creek model, despite the significant difference in the drainage-area size at the outlet locations for the two models (30.7 and 2,725 square miles, respectively). Along with the TOPMODEL hydrologic simulations, a visualization tool (the Edisto River Data Viewer) was developed to help assess trends and influencing variables in the stream ecosystem. Incorporated into the visualization tool were the water-quality load models TOPLOAD, TOPLOAD-H, and LOADEST. Because the focus of this investigation was on scaling up the models from McTier Creek, water-quality concentrations that were previously collected in the McTier Creek basin were used in the water-quality load models.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., Benedict, S., Clark, J.M., Bradley, P.M., and Conrads, P., 2014, Scaling up watershed model parameters--Flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin, in Proceedings of the 2014 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 15-16, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059324","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Edisto River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.45700073242188,\n 32.505129231918936\n ],\n [\n -80.51742553710938,\n 32.986779893387755\n ],\n [\n -81.54190063476562,\n 33.52536850360117\n ],\n [\n -81.52130126953125,\n 33.74147082163694\n ],\n [\n -81.474609375,\n 33.81452532651738\n ],\n [\n -81.06948852539062,\n 33.67178278364437\n ],\n [\n -80.84152221679688,\n 33.57572644624357\n ],\n [\n -80.628662109375,\n 33.25476662931657\n ],\n [\n -80.3265380859375,\n 33.07543248121335\n ],\n [\n -80.30044555664062,\n 32.737616843309304\n ],\n [\n -80.31143188476562,\n 32.49586350791503\n ],\n [\n -80.45700073242188,\n 32.505129231918936\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56505257e4b0f162148c5d1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70125696,"text":"70125696 - 2014 - Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:18:41","indexId":"70125696","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in coopeation with nthe National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) is assessing the performance of several abutment-scour predcition equations developed in NCHRP Project 24-15(2) and NCHRP Project 24-20. To accomplish this assssment, 516 laboratory and 329 fiels measurements of abutment scor were complied from selected sources and applied tto the new equations. Results will be used to identify stregths, weaknesses, and limitations of the NCHRP abutment scour equations, providing practical insights for applying the equations. This paper presents some prelimiray findings from the investigation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014","conferenceDate":"October 15-16, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Institute of Computational Technology","publisherLocation":"Clemson, SC","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S., 2014, Assessment of the NCHRP abutment scour prediction equations with laboratory and field data, in S.C. Water Resources Conference 2014 Proceedings, Columbia, SC, October 15-16, 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059119","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2014/2014basin/3/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10e7e4b057be23d4a755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125697,"text":"70125697 - 2014 - A guidance manual for assessing scour potential using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:15:46","indexId":"70125697","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A guidance manual for assessing scour potential using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, conducted a series of three field investigations of bridge scour in order to better understand regional trends of scour within South Carolina. The studies collected historic-scour data at approximately 200 riverine bridges including measurements of clear-water abutment, contraction, and pier scour, as well as live-bed contraction and pier scour. These investigations provided valuable insights for regional scour trends and yielded bridge-scour envelope curves for assessing scour potential associated with all components of scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina. The application and limitations of these envelop cureves were documents in three reports, Each repoort addresses different components of bridge scour and this, there is a need to develop an integrated procedure for applying the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves. To address this need, the U.S. Geological Survey and the South Carolina Department of Transportation initiated a cooperative effort to develop an integrated procedure and document the method in a guidance manual. In addition to developing the integrated procedure, field data from other investigations outside of South Carolina were used to verify the South Carolina bridge-source envelope curves.
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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10d9e4b057be23d4a716","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Andral W. 0000-0003-1269-5463 acaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1269-5463","contributorId":3228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Andral","email":"acaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125316,"text":"ofr20141184 - 2014 - Use of acoustic backscatter to estimate continuous suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations in the Barton River, northern Vermont, 2010-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T15:07:22","indexId":"ofr20141184","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1184","title":"Use of acoustic backscatter to estimate continuous suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations in the Barton River, northern Vermont, 2010-2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, investigated the use of acoustic backscatter to estimate concentrations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus at the Barton River near Coventry, Vermont. The hypothesis was that acoustic backscatter—the reflection of sound waves off objects back to the source from which they came—measured by an acoustic Doppler profiler (ADP) and recorded as ancillary data for the calculation of discharge, also could be used to generate a continuous concentration record of suspended sediment and phosphorus at the streamgage, thereby deriving added value from the instrument. Suspended-sediment and phosphorus concentrations are of particular interest in Vermont, where impairment of surface waters by suspended sediments and phosphorus is a major concern.
\nRegression models for estimating suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and total phosphorus concentrations evaluated several independent variables: measured backscatter (MB), water-corrected backscatter (WCB), sediment-corrected backscatter (SCB), discharge, fluid-absorption coefficient, sediment-driven acoustic attenuation coefficient, and discharge hysteresis. The best regression equations for estimating SSC used backscatter as the predictor, reflecting the direct relation between acoustic backscatter and SSC. Backscatter was a better predictor of SSC than discharge in part because hysteresis between SSC and backscatter was less than for SSC and discharge. All three backscatter variables—MB, WCB, and SCB—performed equally as predictors of SSC and phosphorus concentrations at the Barton River site. The similar abilities to predict SSC among backscatter terms may partially be attributed to the low values and narrow range of the sediment-driven acoustic attenuation in the Barton River. The regression based on SCB was selected for estimating SSC because it removes potential bias caused by attenuation and temperature fluctuations. The best regression model for estimating phosphorus concentrations included terms for discharge and discharge hysteresis. The finding that discharge hysteresis was a significant predictor of phosphorus concentrations might be related to preferential sorption of phosphorus to fine-grained sediments, which have been found to be particularly sensitive to hysteresis. Regression models designed to estimate phosphorus concentrations had less predictive power than the models for SSCs.
\nData from the Barton River did not fully support one of the study’s hypotheses—that backscatter is mostly caused by sands, and attenuation is mostly caused by fines. Sands, fines, and total SSCs in the Barton River all related better to backscatter than to sediment-driven acoustic attenuation. The weak relation between SSC and sediment-driven acoustic attenuation may be related to the low values and narrow range of SSCs and sediment attenuations observed at Barton River. A weak relation between SSC and sediment-driven acoustic attenuation also suggests that the diameters of the fine-sized suspended sediments in the Barton River may be predominantly greater than 20 micrometers (μm). Long-term changes in the particle-size distribution (PSD) were not observed in Barton River; however, some degree of within-storm changes in sediment source and possibly PSD were inferred from the hysteresis between SSC and SCB.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Medalie, L., Chalmers, A.T., Kiah, R.G., and Copans, B., 2014, Use of acoustic backscatter to estimate continuous suspended sediment and phosphorus concentrations in the Barton River, northern Vermont, 2010-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1184, Report: vii, 29 p.; Readme; 4 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141184.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 29 p.; Readme; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2010-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057620","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295322,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/ofr2014-1184_readme.txt"},{"id":295323,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app1.txt"},{"id":295320,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/"},{"id":295324,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app2.txt"},{"id":295321,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/pdf/ofr2014-1184.pdf"},{"id":295325,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app3.pdf"},{"id":295326,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1184/appendix/ofr2014-1184_app4.pdf"},{"id":295327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141184.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Barton River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d08e4b0fd76af69cee2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Medalie, Laura 0000-0002-2440-2149 lmedalie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-2149","contributorId":3657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medalie","given":"Laura","email":"lmedalie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiah, Richard G. 0000-0001-6236-2507 rkiah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-2507","contributorId":2637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiah","given":"Richard","email":"rkiah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Copans, Benjamin","contributorId":99064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copans","given":"Benjamin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70120621,"text":"sir20145139 - 2014 - Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select community water systems in the United States, 2002-10","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:08:24","indexId":"sir20145139","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T11:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5139","title":"Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select community water systems in the United States, 2002-10","docAbstract":"Drinking water delivered by community water systems (CWSs) comes from one or both of two sources: surface water and groundwater. Source water is raw, untreated water used by CWSs and is usually treated before distribution to consumers. Beginning in 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program initiated Source Water-Quality Assessments (SWQAs) at select CWSs across the United States, primarily to characterize the occurrence of a large number of anthropogenic organic compounds that are predominantly unregulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
\nSource-water samples from CWSs were collected during 2002–10 from 20 surface-water sites (river intakes) and during 2002–09 from 448 groundwater sites (supply wells). River intakes were sampled approximately 16 times during a 1-year sampling period, and supply wells were sampled once. Samples were monitored for 265 anthropogenic organic compounds. An additional 3 herbicides and 16 herbicide degradates were monitored in samples collected from 8 river intakes and 118 supply wells in areas where these compounds likely have been used. Thirty-seven compounds have an established U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water, 123 have USGS Health-Based Screening Levels (HBSLs), and 29 are included on the EPA Contaminant Candidate List 3. All compounds detected in source water were evaluated both with and without an assessment level and were grouped into 13 categories (hereafter termed as “use groups”) based on their primary use or source.
\nThe CWS sites were characterized in a national context using an extract of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System to develop spatially derived and system-specific ancillary data. Community water system information is contained in the EPA Public Supply Database, which includes 2,016 active river intakes and 112,099 active supply wells. Ancillary variables including population served, watershed size, land use, population density, and recharge were characterized for each of the watersheds for river intakes and contributing areas for supply wells.
\nA total of 313 samples were collected from 20 river intakes. Between the years of 2002 through 2010, samples were collected approximately 16 times over the course of a year. Seventy-one compounds from 12 of the 13 use groups commonly occurred (detected in greater than or equal to 1 percent of samples using an assessment level of 0.05 microgram per liter or when a compound was detected in greater than or equal to 10 percent of samples without an assessment level) indicating a wide variety of sources and pathways to these rivers and highlighting the importance of source-water protection strategies.
\nA total of 448 supply wells were sampled once during 2002–10 as part of 30 independent groundwater studies. About 15 CWS supply wells were sampled for each independent groundwater study. Twenty-eight compounds from 7 of the 13 use groups commonly occurred indicating a wide variety of sources and pathways exist for these compounds to reach these wells and highlighting the importance of wellhead protection strategies.
\nAbout one-half the 265 compounds monitored (122) were detected in both surface water and groundwater samples. A more diverse suite of compounds were detected in surface water in comparison to groundwater. However, herbicides and herbicide degradates were the most frequent group of compounds detected in both surface water and groundwater. Sixty-five of the most commonly occurring compounds were detected in one or more samples from both surface water and groundwater.
\nHuman-health benchmarks (MCLs for regulated compounds and HBSLs for unregulated compounds) were available for more than one-half the compounds (160 of the 265) monitored in this study. Fifty-eight percent (41 of 71) of the commonly occurring compounds in surface water have a human-health benchmark to which concentrations can be compared; 19 have MCLs and 22 have HBSLs. Eighty-three percent (24 of 28) of the most commonly occurring compounds in groundwater have a human-health benchmark for which concentrations can be compared; 14 have MCLs and 10 have HBSLs.
\nTo put results from this study into context with the national distribution of river intakes and supply wells used by CWSs, sites were grouped into the respective national population of land-use quartiles. The increase in compound occurrence with increasing urban and agricultural land use in the watershed or contributing area was more evident for rivers than for supply wells. The increase in detection frequency of herbicides and herbicide degradates with increasing agricultural land use was more evident for rivers than for supply wells. The occurrence of solvents did not change substantially with increasing urban land use for rivers or supply wells.
\nBasic co-occurrence analyses were completed with and without an assessment level. Considering all detections in surface water without an assessment level, approximately 86 percent of source-water samples contained 2 or more compounds, and 50 percent of samples contained at least 14 compounds. Considering all detections in groundwater without an assessment level, 50 percent of samples contained at least three compounds. For the most part, the compounds detected most frequently as individual compounds in the environment often composed the most frequent unique mixtures. Five of the 10 most frequently co-occurring unique mixtures in both surface water and groundwater were the same: atrazine and deethylatrazine; atrazine and chloroform; deethylatrazine and simazine; atrazine and simazine; and deethylatrazine, atrazine, and simazine. Because similar mixtures were identified in both surface water and groundwater without an assessment level, future studies could be directed toward better understanding the toxicological importance of these unique mixtures.
\nSummed concentrations of herbicide degradates were compared to concentrations of the parent herbicides in surface-water and groundwater samples collected from 8 river intakes and 118 CWS wells, from which samples were analyzed for an additional 3 herbicides and 16 degradates. The toxicity to humans for many of these degradate products is largely unknown and thus points to the importance of monitoring these compounds (both the parent and degradate) in the environment.
\nThis study highlights the importance of anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select CWSs in the United States by characterizing their occurrence in surface-water and groundwater samples. Compound concentrations and occurrence are summarized and evaluated in a human-health context, when possible. Additionally, compounds found to co-occur as mixtures for both surface water and groundwater highlight the significance of low-level compound co-occurrence.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145139","usgsCitation":"Valder, J., Delzer, G.C., Kingsbury, J.A., Hopple, J.A., Price, C.V., and Bender, D.A., 2014, Anthropogenic organic compounds in source water of select community water systems in the United States, 2002-10: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5139, xii, 129 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145139.","productDescription":"xii, 129 p.","numberOfPages":"146","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042029","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145139.jpg"},{"id":295281,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5139/pdf/sir2014-5139.pdf"},{"id":295280,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5139/"}],"scale":"2000000","projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum","country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d05e4b0fd76af69ceda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valder, Joshua F. 0000-0003-3733-8868 jvalder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3733-8868","contributorId":1431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valder","given":"Joshua F.","email":"jvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hopple, Jessica A. 0000-0003-3180-2252 jahopple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-2252","contributorId":992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopple","given":"Jessica","email":"jahopple@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":498322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Price, Curtis V. 0000-0002-4315-3539 cprice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-3539","contributorId":983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Curtis","email":"cprice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":498320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70116934,"text":"ofr20141149 - 2014 - Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T11:49:17","indexId":"ofr20141149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T11:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1149","title":"Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011","docAbstract":"The lower Platte River, Nebraska, provides drinking water, irrigation water, and in-stream flows for recreation, wildlife habitat, and vital habitats for several threatened and endangered species. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Lower Platte River Corridor Alliance (LPRCA) developed site-specific regression models for water-quality constituents at four sites (Shell Creek near Columbus, Nebraska [USGS site 06795500]; Elkhorn River at Waterloo, Nebr. [USGS site 06800500]; Salt Creek near Ashland, Nebr. [USGS site 06805000]; and Platte River at Louisville, Nebr. [USGS site 06805500]) in the lower Platte River corridor. The models were developed by relating continuously monitored water-quality properties (surrogate measurements) to discrete water-quality samples. These models enable existing web-based software to provide near-real-time estimates of stream-specific constituent concentrations to support natural resources management decisions.
\nSince 2007, USGS, in cooperation with the LPRCA, has continuously monitored four water-quality properties seasonally within the lower Platte River corridor: specific conductance, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. During 2007 through 2011, the USGS and the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality collected and analyzed discrete water-quality samples for nutrients, major ions, pesticides, suspended sediment, and bacteria. These datasets were used to develop the regression models. This report documents the collection of these various water-quality datasets and the development of the site-specific regression models.
\nRegression models were developed for all four monitored sites. Constituent models for Shell Creek included nitrate plus nitrite, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Regression models that were developed for the Elkhorn River included nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, chloride, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and E. coli. Models developed for Salt Creek included nitrate plus nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, suspended sediment, and E. coli. Lastly, models developed for the Platte River site included total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, sodium, metolachlor, atrazine, acetochlor, suspended sediment, and E. coli.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lower Platte River Corridor Alliance and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Schaepe, N.J., Soenksen, P.J., and Rus, D.L., 2014, Relations of water-quality constituent concentrations to surrogate measurements in the lower Platte River corridor, Nebraska, 2007 through 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1149, v, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141149.","productDescription":"v, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053021","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295278,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141149.jpg"},{"id":295277,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1149/pdf/ofr2014-1149.pdf"},{"id":295276,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1149/"}],"datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d07e4b0fd76af69cee0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaepe, Nathaniel J. 0000-0003-1776-7411 nschaepe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-7411","contributorId":2377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaepe","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nschaepe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Soenksen, Philip J. pjsoenks@usgs.gov","contributorId":3983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soenksen","given":"Philip","email":"pjsoenks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rus, David L. 0000-0003-3538-7826 dlrus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-7826","contributorId":881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rus","given":"David","email":"dlrus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70103476,"text":"cir1395 - 2014 - Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T16:04:50","indexId":"cir1395","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-14T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1395","title":"Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications","docAbstract":"Mercury is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in fish to levels of concern for human health and the health of fish-eating wildlife. Mercury contamination of fish is the primary reason for issuing fish consumption advisories, which exist in every State in the Nation. Much of the mercury originates from combustion of coal and can travel long distances in the atmosphere before being deposited. This can result in mercury-contaminated fish in areas with no obvious source of mercury pollution.
Three key factors determine the level of mercury contamination in fish - the amount of inorganic mercury available to an ecosystem, the conversion of inorganic mercury to methylmercury, and the bioaccumulation of methylmercury through the food web. Inorganic mercury originates from both natural sources (such as volcanoes, geologic deposits of mercury, geothermal springs, and volatilization from the ocean) and anthropogenic sources (such as coal combustion, mining, and use of mercury in products and industrial processes). Humans have doubled the amount of inorganic mercury in the global atmosphere since pre-industrial times, with substantially greater increases occurring at locations closer to major urban areas.
In aquatic ecosystems, some inorganic mercury is converted to methylmercury, the form that ultimately accumulates in fish. The rate of mercury methylation, thus the amount of methylmercury produced, varies greatly in time and space, and depends on numerous environmental factors, including temperature and the amounts of oxygen, organic matter, and sulfate that are present.
Methylmercury enters aquatic food webs when it is taken up from water by algae and other microorganisms. Methylmercury concentrations increase with successively higher trophic levels in the food web—a process known as bioaccumulation. In general, fish at the top of the food web consume other fish and tend to accumulate the highest methylmercury concentrations.
This report summarizes selected stream studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since the late 1990s, while also drawing on scientific literature and datasets from other sources. Previous national mercury assessments by other agencies have focused largely on lakes. Although numerous studies of mercury in streams have been conducted at local and regional scales, recent USGS studies provide the most comprehensive, multimedia assessment of streams across the United States, and yield insights about the importance of watershed characteristics relative to mercury inputs. Information from other environments (lakes, wetlands, soil, atmosphere, glacial ice) also is summarized to help understand how mercury varies in space and time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1395","usgsCitation":"Wentz, D.A., Brigham, M.E., Chasar, L., Lutz, M., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2014, Mercury in the nation's streams - Levels, trends, and implications: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1395, v, 90 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1395.","productDescription":"v, 90 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-018277","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295279,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1395.jpg"},{"id":295319,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1395/"},{"id":295271,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1395/pdf/circ1395.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e2d07e4b0fd76af69cede","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentz, Dennis A. dawentz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentz","given":"Dennis","email":"dawentz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":52905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, Michelle A.","contributorId":11526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"Michelle A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}