![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si1.gif\" "\\"\\"")
A spectrometric technique utilizing electrothermal vaporization (graphite furnace) and gas phase-multiple wavelength absorption with photodiode array detection is used to characterize crude oil.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(87)90035-X","usgsCitation":"Shekiro, J., Skogerboe, R.K., and Taylor, H.E., 1987, Crude oil identification with electrothermal vaporization-multiple wavelength absorption spectrometry: Chemosphere, v. 16, no. 5, p. 983-988, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(87)90035-X.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"983","endPage":"988","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338775,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1952e4b02ff32c699cc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shekiro, J.M. Jr.","contributorId":11773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shekiro","given":"J.M.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Skogerboe, R. K","contributorId":189803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skogerboe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185923,"text":"70185923 - 1987 - An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:27:17","indexId":"70185923","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries","docAbstract":"e have previously shown that primary productivity in San Francisco Bay, USA, is highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass B (chlorophyll a concentration) and an index of light avallability in the photic zone, 2, I, (photic depth times surface irradiance). To test the generality of this relation, we compiled data from San Francisco Bay and 5 other USA estuarine systems (Neuse and South Rivers, Puget Sound, Delaware Bay and Hudson River Plume), and regressed daily produclvity J' P (mg C m-2 d-') against the composite parameter B Z, I,. Regressions for each estuary were significant and typically over 80 % of the varialon in P was correlated with variations in B Z,I,. Moreover, the pooled data (n = 211) from 4 estuaries where methodologies were comparable fell along one regression line (r2= 0.82), indicating that primary productivity can be estimated in a diversity of estuarine waters from simple measures of phytoplankton biomass and hght availability. This implies that physiological variabhty (e. g. responses to variations in nutrient availabhty, temperature, sahnity, photoperiod) is a secondary control on phytoplankton production in nutrient-rich estuaries, and that one empirical function can be used to estimate seasonal variations in productivity or to map productivity along estuarine gradients of phytoplankton biomass and turbidity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., and Cloern, J., 1987, An empirical model for estimating phytoplankton productivity in estuaries: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 396, p. 299-305.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"299","endPage":"305","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338665,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"396","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc822e4b02ff32c68575e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175663,"text":"70175663 - 1987 - Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1985, with 1934-85 summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:21:32","indexId":"70175663","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"45","title":"Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1985, with 1934-85 summary","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Ozuna, G., Nalley, G., and Bowman, M.N., 1987, Compilation of hydrologic data for the Edwards aquifer, San Antonio area, Texas, 1985, with 1934-85 summary: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 45, 163 p.","productDescription":"163 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326764,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b58ac2e4b03bcb0104bb7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ozuna, G. B.","contributorId":25205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozuna","given":"G. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nalley, G.M.","contributorId":23535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalley","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowman, M. N.","contributorId":173810,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185540,"text":"70185540 - 1987 - A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 1. Theoretical considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:40:50","indexId":"70185540","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 1. Theoretical considerations","docAbstract":"A mathematical model is developed to describe the fate of hydrocarbon constituents of petroleum products introduced to soils as an immiscible liquid from sources such as leaking underground storage tanks and ruptured pipelines. The problem is one of multiphase transport (oil (immiscible), air, and water phases) of a reactive contaminant with constituents such as benzene, toluene, and xylene found in refined petroleum products like gasoline. In the unsaturated zone, transport of each constituent can occur as a solute in the water phase, vapor in the air phase, and as an unaltered constituent in the oil phase. Additionally, the model allows for adsorption. Molecular transformations, microbially mediated or abiotic, are incorporated as sink terms in the conservation of mass equations. An equilibrium approximation, applicable to any immiscible organic contaminant is applied to partition constituent mass between the air, oil, water, and adsorbed phases for points in the region where the oil phase exists. Outside the oil plume the equilibrium approximation takes on a simpler form to partition constituent mass between the air, water, and adsorbed phases only. Microbial degradation of petroleum products is first discussed in a general model, then the conservation of mass equation for oxygen is incorporated into the analysis which takes advantage of the key role played by oxygen in the metabolism of hydrocarbon utilizing microbes in soil environments. Approximations to two subproblems, oil plume establishment in the unsaturated zone, and solute and vapor transport subsequent to immiscible plume establishment are then developed from the general model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i001p00191","usgsCitation":"Corapcioglu, M.Y., and Baehr, A.L., 1987, A compositional multiphase model for groundwater contamination by petroleum products: 1. Theoretical considerations: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 191-200, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i001p00191.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"200","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338185,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d1f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Corapcioglu, M. Yavuz","contributorId":43114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corapcioglu","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Yavuz","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44455,"text":"wri854240 - 1987 - Geology and hydrology of the deep bedrock aquifers in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:33:05.976912","indexId":"wri854240","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4240","title":"Geology and hydrology of the deep bedrock aquifers in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"Deep bedrock aquifers are present in rocks of Cretaceous through Pennsylvanian age in eastern Colorado. These aquifers are the Laramie-Fox Hills (the uppermost aquifer studied), Fort Hays-Codell, Dakota-Cheyenne, Entrada-Dockum, Lyons, and Fountain. Structural mapping indicates the aquifers are 2,000 to 9,000 ft below land surface in most of eastern Colorado but outcrop in local areas in a narrow band along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Recharge primarily occurs in outcrops and produces a northerly or easterly groundwater flow to discharge areas along the South Platte or Arkansas Rivers. Deep aquifers also discharge by underflow to Kansas and Nebraska. Some water-yielding strata in the Dakota-Cheyenne aquifer are not in hydraulic connection with the aquifer, and abnormal fluid pressures, trapped hydrocarbons, and high dissolved-solids concentrations are found in these strata. Temperature and dissolved-solids mapping indicate water temperatures of 100 to 210 in northeastern Colorado and a zone of relatively fresh water extending through a 7,000 sq mi area of the Dakota-Cheyenne aquifer in southeastern Colorado. Water levels in the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer continue to decline as much as 12 ft/yr in local areas near Denver.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854240","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., and Banta, E.R., 1987, Geology and hydrology of the deep bedrock aquifers in eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4240, 6 Plates: 32.41 x 48.12 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854240.","productDescription":"6 Plates: 32.41 x 48.12 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415584,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33756.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":275851,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275852,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275853,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275855,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.402,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.402,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.402,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29770,"text":"wri874098 - 1987 - Effect of urbanization on the water resources of eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T20:28:43.324863","indexId":"wri874098","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4098","title":"Effect of urbanization on the water resources of eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The effects of human activity on the water resources of a 207-square-mile area of eastern Chester County was evaluated. The most serious consequence of urbanization is the contamination of ground water by volatile organic compounds, which were detected in 39 percent of the 70 wells sampled. As many as nine compounds were found in one water sample, and the concentration of total volatile organic compounds was as high as 17,400 ug/L (micrograms per liter). In the Chester Valley, volatile organic compounds are moving down the hydraulic gradient caused by quarry dewatering. Movement through the quarries reduces concentrations of these compounds and removes most of them. Phenol was detected in 28 percent of 54 wells sampled, with concentrations up to 7 ug/L.\r\n\r\n Metals, except for iron and manganese, and other trace constituents generally are not a water-quality problem. However, ground water in an area in Chester Valley has been contaminated by concentrations of boron as high as 20,000 ug/L and lithium as high as 13,000 ug/L. The ground water discharges to Valley Creek, where concentrations of boron are as high as 130 ug/L and lithium as high as 800 ug/L.\r\n\r\n Concentrations of chloride as high as 2,100 mg/L (milligrams per liter) were found in a well at a former highway salt storage site. Wells completed in carbonate rock downgradient from the Pennsylvania Turnpike had chloride concentrations as high as 350 mg/L. \r\n\r\n The base-neutral organic compounds bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and the pesticides alachlor, aldrian, diazanon, DDD, DDT, dieldrin, methyl parathion, picloram, and 2,4-D were detected in a few water samples in low concentrations, However, these organic compounds do not present a widespread water-quality problem. Neither acid organic compounds nor polychlorinated napthalenes (PCN) were detected in ground water. \r\n\r\n The growth of public water and sewer systems has resulted in a significant interbasin transfer of water. Estimates for 1984 range from a net loss of 630 million gallons in the Valley Creek basin to a net gain of 783 million gallons in the Chester Creek basin. The quantity of wastewater discharged from treatment plants generally correlates well with the altitude of the water table and poorly with water use or precipitation, indicating substantial ground-water infiltration. Estimated ground-water infiltration to the West Goshen treatment plant for 1980-84 was 0.8 cubic feet per square mile, or 10 percent of the long-term average flow of Chester Creek. Estimated ground-water infiltration to the Valley Forge sewer system was as high as 4.9 million gallons per day. \r\n\r\n Dewatering operations at two active quarries in Chester Valley have lowered water levels locally and increased the range of the fluctuation of the local water table. The spread of the cones of depression caused by quarry pumping is limited by geologic and hydrologic controls. Pumping of high-capacity wells in Chester Valley has caused small local cones of depression and may have caused some reaches of Valley Creek or its tributaries to lose water. \r\n\r\n One of the greatest effects of human activity on the surface-water system has been the accumulation of organic compounds, particularly PCB and pesticides, on stream-bottom material. PCB, DDE, and dieldrin were found in bottom material from all eight streams sampled. \r\n\r\n Land-use changes in 10 selected subbasins were quantified and related to stream-benthic invertebrate diversity index. from 1970-80, the diversity index increased at all sites. Subbasins that had a greater change in land use had a greater increase in diversity index. The increase may be due to the banning of certain pesticides such as DDT, a decreasing use of pesticides in urbanizing subbasins, or flushing or burial of older pesticide-contaminated sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874098","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1987, Effect of urbanization on the water resources of eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4098, Report: viii, 131 p.; 2 Plates: 36.43 x 35.29 inches and 29.23 x 18.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 131 p.; 2 Plates: 36.43 x 35.29 inches and 29.23 x 18.83 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46767.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58569,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58570,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.2917,\n 40.243\n ],\n [\n -75.8667,\n 40.243\n ],\n [\n -75.8667,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -75.2917,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -75.2917,\n 40.243\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62542f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015280,"text":"70015280 - 1987 - A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:39:53.525835","indexId":"70015280","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters","docAbstract":"In order to understand the movement of colloidal materials in natural waters, we first need to have a means of quantifying their physical characteristics. This paper reviews three techniques which utilize light-scattering phenomena to measure the translational diffusion coefficient, the rotational diffusion coefficient, and the electrophoretic mobility of colloids suspended in water. Primary emphasis is to provide sufficient theoretical detail so that hydrologists can evaluate the utility of photon correlation spectrometry, electrophoretic light scattering, and electric birefringence analysis.
Intensive studies of 17 geographically and hydrologically diverse stream bed sediments provide information on the relation between grain size, surface area, and operationally defined geochemical phases (e.g. Mn oxides, amorphous Fe oxides) to trace element concentrations. Of the size fractions investigated (<2, <16, <63and<125 μm), the strongest correlation with trace elements occurs with the percent <63 μm or<125 μm fractions. As the proportion of these size fractions increases in the samples, so do the trace element concentrations. When surface area (as defined by nitrogen adsorption and the BET equations) increases, trace element levels also increase. Correlations between bulk sediment chemistry and surface area are as strong as those between sediment chemistry and the proportion of the <63or<125 μm fractions. Surface area appears to serve as a proxy for grain size. The strongest correlations between grain size and surface area are the same as for trace elements and grain size (with the <63or<125 μm fractions). Surface area also is affected by geochemical phase, as are the trace elements associated with sediments. Of the phases considered (carbonates, Mn oxides, reactive Fe, amorphous Fe, organic matter), amorphous Fe oxides appear to exert the greatest control over both surface area and trace element levels. The concentrations of various geochemical phases affect surface area, grain size, and trace element chemistry. However, the effect of phase is grain-size dependent. For material with mean grain sizes in the fine sand range and coarser (> 125 μm), each of the various phases contribute to overall sample surface area. For material having mean grain sizes in the very fine sand range and finer (<125 μm), the same phases act as surface-area inhibitors by cementing fine grains together to form aggregates. This increases the mean grain size of the sample and reduces the surface area. The presence of these aggregates may explain why the <63 μm or<125 μm size fractions are more important to sediment-trace element levels and surface area than other finer fractions.
Infiltration of wastes containing creosote and pentachlorophenol from surface impoundments at an abandoned wood-treatment facility near Pensacola, Florida, resulted in contamination of the underlying sand and gravel aquifer. Pond sludges and sediments near the source were contaminated with 2- to 5-ring azaarenes having log Kow values of from 2.0 to 5.6. However, the ground water contained only azaarenes and their oxygenated and methylated derivatives having log Kow values of less than 3.5. These compounds also were present in coal tar-contaminated ground water at a site near St. Louis Park, Minnesota. Laboratory anaerobic degradation studies and on-site observations indicated that oxygenated azaarenes probably were biotransformation products of reactions mediated by indigenous microbial populations. Microbial N-methylation, C-methylation and O-methylation reactions are reported here for the first time. In the presence of nutrients and carbon sources such as acetate and propionate, all azaarenes studied were either partially or completely degraded. Evidence for the microbial degradation of azaarenes in ground water from anaerobic zones is presented. Oxygenated azaarenes were relatively more water-soluble, mobile and persistent in hydrogeologic environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620060302","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Pereira, W.E., Rostad, C., Updegraff, D., and Bennett, J., 1987, Fate and movement of azaarenes and their anaerobic biotransformation products in an aquifer contaminated by wood-treatment chemicals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 6, no. 3, p. 163-176, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620060302.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"176","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226188,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Florida ","city":"St. Louis Park, Pensacola ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 30.230594564932193\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -87.36328125,\n 30.230594564932193\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.40644836425781,\n 44.89747102561149\n ],\n [\n -93.29486846923827,\n 44.89747102561149\n ],\n [\n -93.29486846923827,\n 44.981799457076946\n ],\n [\n -93.40644836425781,\n 44.981799457076946\n ],\n [\n -93.40644836425781,\n 44.89747102561149\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1987-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f06e4b0c8380cd53714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereira, W. E.","contributorId":46981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereira","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rostad, C.E.","contributorId":50939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rostad","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Updegraff, D.M.","contributorId":13251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updegraff","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bennett, J.L.","contributorId":101004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014597,"text":"70014597 - 1987 - Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:24:36","indexId":"70014597","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications","docAbstract":"Methodologies that account for specific types of chemical reactions in the simulation of solute transport can be developed so they are compatible with solution algorithms employed in existing transport codes. This enables the simulation of reactive transport in complex multidimensional flow regimes, and provides a means for existing codes to account for some of the fundamental chemical processes that occur among transported solutes. Two equilibrium-controlled reaction systems demonstrate a methodology for accommodating chemical interaction into models of solute transport. One system involves the sorption of a given chemical species, as well as two aqueous complexations in which the sorbing species is a participant. The other reaction set involves binary ion exchange coupled with aqueous complexation involving one of the exchanging species. The methodology accommodates these reaction systems through the addition of nonlinear terms to the transport equations for the sorbing species. Example simulation results show (1) the effect equilibrium chemical parameters have on the spatial distributions of concentration for complexing solutes; (2) that an interrelationship exists between mechanical dispersion and the various reaction processes; (3) that dispersive parameters of the porous media cannot be determined from reactive concentration distributions unless the reaction is accounted for or the influence of the reaction is negligible; (4) how the concentration of a chemical species may be significantly affected by its participation in an aqueous complex with a second species which also sorbs; and (5) that these coupled chemical processes influencing reactive transport can be demonstrated in two-dimensional flow regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Lewis, F., Voss, C.I., and Rubin, J., 1987, Solute transport with equilibrium aqueous complexation and either sorption or ion exchange: Simulation methodology and applications: Journal of Hydrology, v. 90, no. 1-2, p. 81-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(87)90174-0.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"35","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225841,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9255e4b08c986b319e51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, F.M.","contributorId":83966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, J.","contributorId":26433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014582,"text":"70014582 - 1987 - Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:39:09","indexId":"70014582","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C","docAbstract":"Dissolution of synthetic strontianite-aragonite solid solutions was followed analytically to stoichiometric saturation using large solid to solution ratios in CO2-H2O solution at 25 and 76°C. The compositional dependence of the equilibrium constant was calculated from the composition of saturated (stoichiometric) solutions and used to calculate the activities and activity coefficients of CaCO3 and SrCO3 in the solid Ca(1−x)SrxCO3 at 25 and 76°C. The results show that the solid-solution is not regular but unsymmetrical. The excess free energy of mixing is closely modeled for all compositions by the relation
\nwhere A0 is 8.49 ± 0.30 and 7.71 ± 0.20 KJ/mole and A1 is −4.51 ± 0.20 and −3.36 ± 0.40 KJ/mole at 25 and 76°C, respectively. The equilibrium constant is denned as a function of the SrCO3 mole fraction, x, by the relation
\n![\"\"](\"http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-0016703787903243-si2.gif\" "\\"\\"")
where R is the gas constant, T is in Kelvins and KA and KS are the aragonite and strontianite equilibrium constants.
\n\n
The experimental results indicate the Henry's law coefficients of SrCO3 in aragonites containing 0 to 6 mole percent SrCO3 are approximately 91± 8 and 23 ± 1 at 25 and 76°C, respectively and for strontianites the Henry's law coefficients and applicable compositional ranges are approximately 7.3 ± 0.3 (0.84 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) and 3.3 ± 0.5 (0.50 ≤ x ≤ 1.00) at 25 and 76°C, respectively. Substitution of small amounts of Sr in aragonite and Ca in strontianite initially increases the stability of the solid. The most stable aragonites and strontianites contain 0.58 ± 0.03 and 12.5 ± 1.1 mole percent SrCO3 and CaCO3 at 25°C and 3.1 ± 0.3 and 17.2 ± 1.1 mole percent SrCO3 and CaCO3 at 76°C, respectively. The spinode occurs over the regions 0.065 ± 0.001 ≤ x ≤ 0.620 ± 0.014 at 25°C and 0.103 ± 0.007 ≤ x ≤ 0.585 ± 0.019 at 76°C where all compositions are unstable. A miscibility gap occurs over the compositional ranges 0.0058 ± 0.0003 ≤ x ≤ 0.875 ± 0.011 at 25°C and 0.031 ± 0.003 ≤ x ≤ 0.828 ± 0.011 at 76°C and is in reasonable agreement with reported compositions of natural aragonites and strontianites. Marine aragonites are neither at equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation with surface seawater. The experimentally observed distribution coefficient of Sr in aragonite is 12 times larger than the calculated equilibrium value (0.095) at 25°C. Naturally occurring strontianites contain large amounts of calcium primarily because Ca/Sr ratios in natural waters are typically large.
\nNeither equilibrium nor stoichiometric saturation is observed at 76°C during laboratory recrystallization of strontianite-aragonite solid solutions even after apparent 100 percent conversion to a narrow secondary composition and demonstration of a nearly constant composition system for periods of 300 hours.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1987, Thermodynamics of aragonite-strontianite solid solutions: Results from stoichiometric solubility at 25 and 76°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1393-1411, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90324-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1411","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb27fe4b08c986b32583c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015223,"text":"70015223 - 1987 - Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-26T07:17:36","indexId":"70015223","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years","docAbstract":"Selected radiocarbon data on surficial materials from the Lahontan basin, Nevada and California, provide a chronology of lake-level variation for the past 50,000 yr. A moderate-sized lake connected three western Lahontan subbasins (the Smoke Creek-Black Rock Desert subbasin, the Pyramid Lake subbasin, and the Winnemucca Dry Lake subbasin) from about 45,000 to 16,500 yr B.P. Between 50,000 and 45,000 yr B.P., Walker Lake rose to its sill level in Adrian Valley and spilled to the Carson Desert subbasin. By 20,000 yr B.P., lake level in the western Lahontan subbasins had risen to about 1265 m above sea level, where it remained for 3500 yr. By 16,000 yr B.P., lake level in the western Lahontan subbasins had fallen to 1240 m. This recession appears synchronous with a desiccation of Walker Lake; however, whether the Walker Lake desiccation resulted from climate change or from diversion of the Walker River is not known. From about 15,000 to 13,500 yr B.P., lake level rapidly rose, so that Lake Lahontan was a single body of water by 14,000 yr B.P. The lake appears to have reached a maximum highstand altitude of 1330 m by 13,500 yr B.P., a condition that persisted until about 12,500 yr B.P., at which time lake level fell ???100 m. No data exist that indicate the level of lakes in the various subbasins between 12,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. During the Holocene, the Lahontan basin was the site of shallow lakes, with many subbasins being the site of one or more periods of desiccation. The shape of the lake-level curve for the three western subbasins indicates that past changes in the hydrologic balance (and hence climate) of the Lahontan basin were large in magnitude and took place in a rapid step-like manner. The rapid changes in lake level are hypothesized to have resulted from changes in the mean position of the jet stream, as it was forced north or south by the changing size and shape of the continental ice sheet. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90034-2","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Benson, L.V., and Thompson, R., 1987, Lake-level variation in the Lahontan basin for the past 50,000 years: Quaternary Research, v. 28, no. 1, p. 69-85, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90034-2.","startPage":"69","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266532,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90034-2"},{"id":223974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4173e4b0c8380cd65537","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benson, L. V.","contributorId":50159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, R.S.","contributorId":106516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014250,"text":"70014250 - 1987 - Diagenesis and fluid flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico - regional zonation in the mineralogy and stable isotope composition of clay minerals in sandstone.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T16:44:37","indexId":"70014250","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":732,"text":"American Journal of Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis and fluid flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico - regional zonation in the mineralogy and stable isotope composition of clay minerals in sandstone.","docAbstract":"The Westwater Canyon Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation is a relatively homogeneous, hydrologically continuous 100-m-thick sequence of massive fluvial sandstone, bounded above and below by relatively heterogeneous, hydrologically discontinuous units and has served as a primary conduit for fluids within this stratigraphic interval. Patterns of mineral-fluid reactions suggest a basinwide hydrologic regime in which warm, evolved fluids migrated up-dip from the center of the basin under the influence of a regional hydraulic head. -from Authors","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.287.4.353","usgsCitation":"Whitney, C.G., and Northrop, H.R., 1987, Diagenesis and fluid flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico - regional zonation in the mineralogy and stable isotope composition of clay minerals in sandstone.: American Journal of Science, v. 287, no. 4, p. 353-382, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.287.4.353.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0093e4b0c8380cd4f7d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, C. Gene","contributorId":100350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Northrop, H. R.","contributorId":40735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northrop","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014248,"text":"70014248 - 1987 - HYDROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL LAGOONS AT HUGH TAYLOR BIRCH STATE RECREATION AREA, FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014248","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"HYDROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL LAGOONS AT HUGH TAYLOR BIRCH STATE RECREATION AREA, FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE.","docAbstract":"The author presents initial results of an ongoing study of Southeast Florida coastal lagoon lakes. Objectives include presenting environmental conditions within and adjacent to the lagoons under a variety of hydrologic conditions and to determine water-quality changes in ground water and surface water and how these changes in water quality affect lagoonal biological communities within the lagoons.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans 87 - Proceedings: The Ocean, An International Workplace.","conferenceLocation":"Halifax, NS, Can","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Brock, R.J., 1987, HYDROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COASTAL LAGOONS AT HUGH TAYLOR BIRCH STATE RECREATION AREA, FORT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE., in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Halifax, NS, Can, p. 1586-1590.","startPage":"1586","endPage":"1590","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e8be4b0c8380cd5c63e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brock, Robert J.","contributorId":82858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014222,"text":"70014222 - 1987 - Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-18T13:59:40.580603","indexId":"70014222","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development","docAbstract":"Playa-lake basins of the Southern High Plains, Texas and New Mexico, may originate wherever water periodically can collect in a surficial depression. They expand, however, by hydrologic and geomorphic processes including (1) dissolution of lithologic carbonates by infiltrating water; (2) transport downward of fine-grained clastic and organic material by the infiltrating ground water, leading to continuing processes of oxidation and carbonate dissolution in the subsurface; and (3) eolian removal of clastic material from the floor of playa lakes, which at some sites appears to have deepened playa depressions.
Evidence for largely hydrologic processes of playa-basin development on the Southern High Plains includes (1) a geographic occurrence restricted to relatively flat areas of the High Plains surface that have poorly developed fluvial drainage and which are underlain by generally unsaturated clastic and calcrete beds; (2) a tendency to occur where water collects and infiltrates, as along ephemeral streams and lineations suggestive of fracture systems; and (3) hydrologic, geochemical, petrographic, and bore-hole data, which suggest that recharge to the High Plains aquifer is principally from playa lakes, that various geochemical changes including carbonate dissolution and enhancement of secondary porosity occur as water moves downward through the unsaturated zone beneath playa lakes, and that calcrete beds often are missing or significantly dissolved beneath playa floors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<215:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Osterkamp, W., and Wood, W., 1987, Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part I. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and geologic evidence for their development: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 2, p. 215-223, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<215:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Southern High Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.84228515625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -99.73388671874999,\n 30.92107637538488\n ],\n [\n -99.73388671874999,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -105.84228515625,\n 36.932330061503144\n ],\n [\n -105.84228515625,\n 30.92107637538488\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c37e4b0c8380cd7987c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Osterkamp, Waite wroster@usgs.gov","contributorId":2515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"Waite","email":"wroster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":779740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014221,"text":"70014221 - 1987 - A comparison of water solubility enhancements of organic solutes by aquatic humic materials and commercial humic acids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:40:34","indexId":"70014221","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of water solubility enhancements of organic solutes by aquatic humic materials and commercial humic acids","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00165a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chlou, C., Kile, D.E., Brinton, T., Malcolm, R., Leenheer, J., and MacCarthy, P., 1987, A comparison of water solubility enhancements of organic solutes by aquatic humic materials and commercial humic acids: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 21, no. 12, p. 1231-1234, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00165a012.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1231","endPage":"1234","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":226009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e37ce4b0c8380cd4606f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chlou, C.T.","contributorId":9008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chlou","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kile, Daniel E. dekile@usgs.gov","contributorId":1286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"Daniel","email":"dekile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brinton, T.I.","contributorId":93922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brinton","given":"T.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malcolm, Ronald L.","contributorId":46075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malcolm","given":"Ronald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leenheer, J.A.","contributorId":75123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leenheer","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"MacCarthy, P.","contributorId":88081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCarthy","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014168,"text":"70014168 - 1987 - Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T09:41:14","indexId":"70014168","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions","docAbstract":"A moving boundary problem which arises during transport with precipitation-dissolution reactions is solved by three different numerical methods. Two of these methods (one explicit and one implicit) are based on an integral formulation of mass balance and lead to an approximation of a weak solution. These methods are compared to a front-tracking scheme. Although the two approaches are conceptually different, the numerical solutions showed good agreement. As the ratio of dispersion to convection decreases, the methods based on the integral formulation become computationally more efficient. Specific reactions were modeled to examine the dependence of the system on the physical and chemical parameters. Although the water flow rate does not explicitly appear in the equation for the velocity of the moving boundary, the speed of the boundary depends more on the flux rate than on the dispersion coefficient. The discontinuity in the gradient of the solute concentration profile at the boundary increases with convection and with the initial concentration of the mineral. Our implicit method is extended to allow participation of the solutes in complexation reactions as well as the precipitation-dissolution reaction. This extension is easily made and does not change the basic method.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i008p01561","usgsCitation":"Willis, C., and Rubin, J., 1987, Transport of reacting solutes subject to a moving dissolution boundary: Numerical methods and solutions: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1561-1574, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i008p01561.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1561","endPage":"1574","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba391e4b08c986b31fd6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willis, Catherine","contributorId":42489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"Catherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, Jacob","contributorId":23918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"Jacob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014138,"text":"70014138 - 1987 - Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70014138","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill","docAbstract":"In 1976 state licensed landfilling of industrial chemicals was begun above an abandoned, underground coal mine in Illinois. Five years later organic chemical pollutants were discovered in a monitoring well, suggesting migration 100 to 1000 times faster than predicted by laboratory tests. Remote sensing contributed to the determination of the causes of faster-than-predicted pollutant migration at the hazardous-waste landfill. Aerial and satellite imagery were employed to supplement field studies of local surface and groundwater hydrology, and to chronicle site history. Drainage impediments and depressions in the trench covers collected runoff, allowing rapid recharge of surface waters to some burial trenches. These features can be more effectively identified by photointerpretation than by conventional field reconnaissance. A ground-based, post-sunset survey of the trench covers that showed that a distinction between depressions which hold moisture at the surface from freely-draining depressions which permit rapid recharge to the burial trenches could be made using thermal infrared imagery.In 1976 state licensed landfilling of industrial chemicals was begun above an abandoned, underground coal mine in Illinois. Five years later organic chemical pollutants were discovered in a monitoring well, suggesting migration 100 to 1000 times faster than predicted by laboratory tests. Remote sensing contributed to the determination of the causes of faster-than-predicted pollutant migration at the hazardous-waste landfill. Aerial and satellite imagery were employed to supplement field studies of local surface and groundwater hydrology, and to chronicle site history. Drainage impediments and depressions in the trench covers collected runoff, allowing rapid recharge of surface waters to some burial trenches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00991112","usgsCitation":"Stohr, C., Su, W., DuMontelle, P., and Griffin, R.A., 1987, Remote sensing investigations at a hazardous-waste landfill: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 53, no. 11.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225752,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa6fee4b0c8380cd85173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohr, Christopher","contributorId":8623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohr","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Su, Wen-June","contributorId":42719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Su","given":"Wen-June","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DuMontelle, P.B.","contributorId":40348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuMontelle","given":"P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Griffin, R. A.","contributorId":46211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015308,"text":"70015308 - 1987 - A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:30:52","indexId":"70015308","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations","docAbstract":"A procedure for conducting adsorption studies at low suspended solid concentrations in natural waters (<50 mg l−1) is described. Methodological complications previously associated with such experiments have been overcome. Adsorption of zinc ion onto synthetic colloidal titania (TiO2) was studied as a function of pH, supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration (0·1-0·002 m) and particle concentration (2–50 mg l−1). The lack of success of the Davis Leckie site bonding model in describing Zn(II) adsorption emphasizes the need for further studies of adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations.
A method has been developed to establish steady state flow of water in an unsaturated soil sample spinning in a centrifuge. Theoretical analysis predicts moisture conditions in the sample that depend strongly on soil type and certain operating parameters. For Oakley sand, measurements of flux, water content, and matric potential during and after centrifugation verify that steady state flow can be achieved. Experiments have confirmed the theoretical prediction of a nearly uniform moisture distribution for this medium and have demonstrated that the flow can be effectively one-dimensional. The method was used for steady state measurements of hydraulic conductivity K for relatively dry soil, giving values as low as 7.6 × 10−11 m/s with data obtained in a few hours. Darcy's law was tested by measuring K for different centrifugal driving forces but with the same water content. For the sand at a bulk density of 1.82 Mg/m3 and 27% saturation, results were consistent with Darcy's law for K equal to 5.22 × 10−10 m/s and forces ranging from 216 to 1650 times normal gravity.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i001p00124","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Rubin, J., and Hammermeister, D., 1987, Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 124-134, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i001p00124.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb3fe4b08c986b3285ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, J.","contributorId":26433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammermeister, D.P.","contributorId":27066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammermeister","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015266,"text":"70015266 - 1987 - An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:43:21.564384","indexId":"70015266","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)","docAbstract":"A closed-system model is used for predicting the δ18O of formation waters in the deep portions of the northern Green River basin, Wyoming. δ18Ocalcite is calculated from this modeled water and compared with the δ18O of measured calcites to help interpret diagenesis in the basin.
The modification of 18Owater, which may be caused by diagenetic reactions at elevated temperatures, is modeled from two mass-balance equations. Three diagenetic reactions used to modify δ18Owater include: detrital limestoneå calcite cement; detrital quartz→ quartz cement; and detrital clay å authigenic illite/smectite. A weighted average δ18Owater and δ18O of calcite, quartz and illite/smectite in equilibrium with this water are calculated at 500-m increments. For a closed-system model, calculated variables at one depth are used for input variables at the next depth. An open system can be crudely simulated by adjusting the input variables at each depth.
Petrographic and hydrologic data suggest that throughout much of the basin an open hydrochemical system overlies a relatively closed system which is below 3000 m. From the surface to 3000 m deep, δ18Ocalcite measured in sandstone cements deviates from calculated 18Ocalcite for the closed-system model. Below 3000 m, δ18Ocalcite of cement and bulk shale converge from opposite directions with increasing depth toward the calculated δ18Ocalcite. Adjusting the calculated δ18Ocalcite to match the measured δ18Ocalcite indicates that the deviation above 3000 m results from mixing of meteoric waters with 18O-rich formation water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(87)90067-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, W.W., 1987, An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA): Chemical Geology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(87)90067-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaafe4b0c8380cd489f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, W. W.","contributorId":97123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014859,"text":"70014859 - 1987 - Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T01:01:09.307497","indexId":"70014859","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, geologic, geomorphic, and mass-balance data suggest that most of the ∼30,000 playa lake basins on the Southern High Plains have developed by a combination of dissolution of caliche and piping of surface material into the unsaturated zone rather than by eolian processes as has generally been stated. A conceptual model suggests that particulate organic material, much of which is sorbed on smectite clays, is carried downward from the surface into the unsaturated zone by recharging water. The organic material is oxidized to CO2, which dissolves in the water, forms carbonic acid, and dissolves lithologic carbonates. Because organic material is transported and oxidized deep in the unsaturated zone, CO2 concentrations are much higher at depth than in the soil zone, and recharging water remains thermodynamically subsaturated with respect to carbonates and thus able to dissolve them throughout the unsaturated zone. Dissolution promotes lithologic instability, leading to piping and eluviation of material within the unsaturated zone. Playa basins expand laterally as recharge is concentrated at the edge of the playa floor because of lowered permeability in the center that results from accumulation of clays and other fine sediment.
Mass-balance calculations of gas, liquid, and solid fluxes beneath a playa basin suggest that sufficient mass is transported to account for the volume of the depression. Particulate flux is estimated by relating it to the CO2 flux out of the unsaturated zone. Solute flux is estimated from the difference between input values from the playa lake water and that observed in ground water. Gas flux is measured directly from gas samples at specific depths below the: surface.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<224:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Osterkamp, W.R., 1987, Playa-lake basins on the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: Part II. A hydrologic model and mass-balance arguments for their development.: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 99, no. 2, p. 224-230, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<224:PBOTSH>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7c38e4b0c8380cd79882","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014790,"text":"70014790 - 1987 - Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-26T17:39:44.569157","indexId":"70014790","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer","docAbstract":"Growth rates of unattached bacteria in groundwater contaminated with treated sewage and collected at various distances from the source of contamination were estimated by using frequency of dividing cells and tritiated-thymidine uptake and compared with growth rates obtained with unsupplemented, closed-bottle incubations. Estimates of bacterial generation times [(In 2)/μ] along a 3-km-long transect in oxygen-depleted (0.1 to 0.7 mg of dissolved oxygen liter-1) groundwater ranged from 16 h at 0.26 km downgradient from an on-land, treated-sewage outfall to 139 h at 1.6 km and correlated with bacterial abundance (r2 = 0.88 at P < 0.001). Partitioning of assimilated thymidine into nucleic acid generally decreased with distance from the contaminant source, and one population in heavily contaminated groundwater assimilated little thymidine during a 20-h incubation. Several assumptions commonly made when frequency of dividing cells and tritiated-thymidine uptake are used were not applicable to the groundwater samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.53.12.2992-2996.1987","issn":"00992240","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., and George, L., 1987, Growth determinations for unattached bacteria in a contaminated aquifer: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 53, no. 12, p. 2992-2996, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.12.2992-2996.1987.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2992","endPage":"2996","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489719,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.12.2992-2996.1987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":225794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.63954884374593,\n 41.73751976509678\n ],\n [\n -70.68070167450198,\n 41.6945136775133\n ],\n [\n -70.6779581505853,\n 41.64532862029054\n ],\n [\n -70.67247110275133,\n 41.57353305884914\n ],\n [\n -70.70813691366979,\n 41.52630961823749\n ],\n [\n -70.6450358635835,\n 41.505766928716014\n ],\n [\n -70.60388300483176,\n 41.53452486840766\n ],\n [\n -70.5325513829955,\n 41.53452486840766\n ],\n [\n -70.46121976115928,\n 41.546845787507465\n ],\n [\n -70.42555395024084,\n 41.579690094800526\n ],\n [\n -70.33776118490337,\n 41.61661998392671\n ],\n [\n -70.26642956306715,\n 41.59610598773847\n ],\n [\n -70.1512015585625,\n 41.63302648454291\n ],\n [\n -70.02499945838991,\n 41.65967814379741\n ],\n [\n -70.00030774313942,\n 41.64532862029054\n ],\n [\n -69.93171964521983,\n 41.64942881033289\n ],\n [\n -69.91251497780193,\n 41.77231315298667\n ],\n [\n -69.94818078872038,\n 41.92150558094457\n ],\n [\n -70.02499945838991,\n 42.0316431803505\n ],\n [\n -70.08535698455957,\n 42.07034999451639\n ],\n [\n -70.1950979412309,\n 42.10089134374752\n ],\n [\n -70.25819899131719,\n 42.08256829852266\n ],\n [\n -70.26094251523384,\n 42.05609233347204\n ],\n [\n -70.21430260864811,\n 42.013300141541976\n ],\n [\n -70.1512015585625,\n 42.04183147085118\n ],\n [\n -70.09633108022686,\n 42.00718461934795\n ],\n [\n -70.09633108022686,\n 41.90721454025004\n ],\n [\n -70.04146060189117,\n 41.79277103595206\n ],\n [\n -70.21155908473149,\n 41.764128172257415\n ],\n [\n -70.25545546739986,\n 41.73751977314524\n ],\n [\n -70.41183633065691,\n 41.75184874318762\n ],\n [\n -70.4749373807432,\n 41.784588666019545\n ],\n [\n -70.5572430982467,\n 41.78254291035651\n ],\n [\n -70.63954884374593,\n 41.73751976509678\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"53","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2df2e4b0c8380cd5c17a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"George, L.H.","contributorId":97256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"George","given":"L.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014112,"text":"70014112 - 1987 - The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:09:22","indexId":"70014112","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways","docAbstract":"A two-component soil water flow model was used in conjunction with an equilibrium speciation model WATEQF to study aluminum mobility in soils of a forested watershed, White Oak Run, in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Soil solution samples, taken from the O, E, B, C1, and C2horizons, were collected from zero-tension lysimeters designed to collect faster gravitational macropore flow and tension lysimeters designed to collect slower capillary micropore flow. Dissolved aluminum was fractionated into acid-soluble, inorganic monomeric, and organic monomeric aluminum. Soil water aluminum concentrations decreased with depth indicating that the deep soil is a sink for aluminum. All waters contained significant concentrations of acid-soluble aluminum and exhibited a negative correlation between pH and the inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations. Water in the shallow soil showed distinctly different chemical compositions for the two flow types, while C horizon micropore and macropore waters were more similar. Because of its shorter residence time, water flowing in deep soil macropores underwent less extensive neutralization and immobilization of aqueous aluminum than micropore water. The O horizon macropore waters were undersaturated for all hydroxide, silicate, and sulfate mineral phases considered. The C horizon samples from both flow types were near equilibrium with respect to kaolinite and synthetic gibbsite, indicating that mineral solubility controls water chemistry in the deep soil, while organic substances are the key control in the shallow macropore waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i005p00859","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., Herman, J.S., and Parnell, R.A., 1987, The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 5, p. 859-874, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i005p00859.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"874","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baddee4b08c986b323e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A. Jr.","contributorId":108259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}