{"pageNumber":"5055","pageRowStart":"126350","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165579,"records":[{"id":70012352,"text":"70012352 - 1980 - Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:07","indexId":"70012352","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2554,"text":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data","docAbstract":"The dominant feature distinguishing one method of principal components analysis from another is the manner in which the original data are transformed prior to the other computations. The only other distinguishing feature of any importance is whether the eigenvectors of the inner product-moment of the transformed data matrix are taken directly as the Q-mode scores or scaled by the square roots of their associated eigenvalues and called the R-mode loadings. If the eigenvectors are extracted from the product-moment correlation matrix, the variables, in effect, were transformed by column standardization (zero means and unit variances), and the sum of the p-largest eigenvalues divided by the sum of all the eigenvalues indicates the degree to which a model containing p components will account for the total variance in the original data. However, if the data were transformed in any manner other than column standardization, the eigenvalues cannot be used in this manner, but can only be used to determine the degree to which the model will account for the transformed data. Regardless of the type of principal components analysis that is performed-even whether it is R or Q-mode-the goodness-of-fit of the model to the original data is given better by the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix than by those of the matrix that was actually factored. ?? 1980 Plenum Publishing Corporation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01034742","issn":"00205958","usgsCitation":"Miesch, A., 1980, Scaling variables and interpretation of eigenvalues in principal component analysis of geologic data: Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, v. 12, no. 6, p. 523-538, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01034742.","startPage":"523","endPage":"538","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205169,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01034742"},{"id":221942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b871de4b08c986b316308","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miesch, A.T.","contributorId":88726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miesch","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012340,"text":"70012340 - 1980 - Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T15:47:21.238953","indexId":"70012340","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.","docAbstract":"<p>Major resources of natural gas are entrapped in low-permeability, low-pressure reservoirs at depths less than 4,000 ft (1,200 m) in the northern Great Plains. This shallow gas is the product of the immature stage of hydrocarbon generation and is referred to as biogenic gas. Prospective low-permeability, gas-bearing reservoirs range in age from late Early to Late Cretaceous and include most of the section from the base of the Mowry Shale to the top of the Judith River Formation. For detailed examination, the potential reservoir section was divided into five intervals represented by one or more formations and their correlatives. The intervals selected correspond to (1) Mowry Shale, (2) Belle Fourche Shale and Greenhorn Formation, (3) Carlile Shale, (4) Niobrara and Telegrap Creek Formations and Eagle Sandstone, and (5) Claggett Shale and Judith River Formation and their equivalents.</p><p>Within each interval, several different facies are developed. The following facies were identified and mapped for each interval: nonmarine rocks, coastal sandstones, shelf sandstones, siltstones, shales, and chalks. Two types of shelf sandstone were differentiated but generally not mapped separately because of lack of well log control. The \"sand ridge\" type has reservoir properties comparable to coastal sandstones and occurs as isolated tongues as much as 75 ft (23 m) thick. The second type of shelf sandstone is in beds commonly less than 1 in. (3 cm) thick which are interbedded with shale and contain a high content of allogenic silt- and clay-size material. It is impossible to differentiate these individual beds on conventional well logs. The siltstone and shale facies are grouped to ether because conventional logs cannot distinguish between these two rock types, particularly when they are interbedded. For future evaluation of natural gas resources from low-permeability reservoirs, it will be necessary to differentiate between the siltstone and shale facies and to identify individual beds, particularly very thin ones, within the shelf sandstone facies.</p><p>Each facies contains distinct reservoir types, some of which are low in permeability. The most promising low-permeability reservoirs are developed in the shelf sandstone, siltstone, and chalk facies. Reservoirs within these facies are particularly attractive because they are enveloped by thick sequences of shale which serve as both a source and a seal for the gas. When naturally fractured, these shales also may be low-productivity gas reservoirs similar to the Devonian shales of the Appalachian basin. In addition, facies with low-permeability reservoirs are present over most of the study area when maps for all of the intervals are combined.</p><p>Natural gas is produced from low-permeability reservoirs in the northern Great Plains in the southern part of western Canada. Established production covers an area of approximately 8,000 sq mi (20,700 sq km) where reported recoverable reserves average as much as 2 Bcf sq mi. Using these reserve data as an analog, the United States portion may contain resources of natural gas in excess of 100 Tcf. The volume of recoverable gas in the United States will depend on the development of improved recovery technology and higher gas prices relative to costs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)","doi":"10.1306/2F919413-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Rice, D.D., and Shurr, G.W., 1980, Shallow, low-permeability reservoirs of northern Great Plains: Assessment of their natural gas resources.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, no. 7, p. 969-987, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F919413-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"119 p.","startPage":"969","endPage":"987","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222713,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"northern Great Plains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              44\n            ],\n            [\n              -102,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              48\n            ],\n            [\n              -111,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              47\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              44.99661557559614\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -106,\n              44\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e46e4b08c986b31883a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Dudley D.","contributorId":11601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Dudley","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shurr, George W.","contributorId":78741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shurr","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012338,"text":"70012338 - 1980 - Direct computation of the sensible heat flux","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T01:23:45.923921","indexId":"70012338","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct computation of the sensible heat flux","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>An algorithm to determine the sensible heat flux from simple field measurements (wind speed, air and ground temperatures) has been developed. It provides a direct solution, in parametric form, which can be displayed graphically or tabularly. This method has an advantage over the previous iterative solution in that the computation is fast. It also provides a clearer understanding of the drag coefficient, its variation and response to different conditions. A simple example illustrated that at low wind speeds the drag coefficient cannot be treated as a constant. Both the computational speed and analysis of the drag coefficient can be important for remote-sensing applications involving thermal scanner data.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL007i008p00616","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., 1980, Direct computation of the sensible heat flux: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 7, no. 8, p. 616-618, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i008p00616.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"616","endPage":"618","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222653,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a01ade4b0c8380cd4fce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.","contributorId":39123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012336,"text":"70012336 - 1980 - Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:55:17.414077","indexId":"70012336","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology","docAbstract":"<p><span>Under favorable circumstances the time-dependent aseismic deformation resulting from the loading of the lithosphere by the stress drop of large dip slip earthquakes can be used to determine both the effective elastic plate thickness and the asthenospheric viscosity. The deformation has several similarities with the deflection of the lithosphere by surface loads and with movements due to postglacial rebound. Level changes obtained in the 80 years since the&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>&nbsp;= 7.5, 1896 Riku-u earthquake, an intraplate thrust event in northern Honshu, provide convincing evidence that asthenospheric readjustments are responsible for the observed movements. Leveling surveys crossing the zone of surface faulting have been repeated five times since 1900 and delineate a localized depression that has subsided at a continually decreasing rate. The depression is centered close to the 1896 faulting, and its shape and width, about 75 km, are matched by our model using a plate thickness of 30 km. The decaying subsidence rate constrains the viscosity of the uppermost asthenosphere to be 1×10</span><sup>20</sup><span>&nbsp;P. A linear viscous rheology matches the observed decay quite well, although measurements are sparse during the several decades following the earthquake.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06429","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Thatcher, W., Matsuda, T., Kato, T., and Rundle, J.B., 1980, Lithospheric loading by the 1896 Riku-u earthquake, northern Japan: Implications for plate flexure and asthenospheric rheology: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6429-6435, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06429.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6429","endPage":"6435","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a489fe4b0c8380cd67fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thatcher, W.","contributorId":32669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matsuda, T.","contributorId":49522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuda","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kato, T.","contributorId":93195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kato","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rundle, J. B.","contributorId":17766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rundle","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012332,"text":"70012332 - 1980 - Secular, annual, and semiannual changes in the baseline level of the earth's magnetic field at North American locations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-16T16:48:01.322768","indexId":"70012332","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secular, annual, and semiannual changes in the baseline level of the earth's magnetic field at North American locations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Secular, annual, and semiannual changes were obtained from the midnight values of field on specially determined days of quiet magnetospheric conditions. From a selection of North American observatories the latitude variation of these changes was evaluated from 20° to 65°. Results for the active and quiet sun years (1958 and 1965) were compared, and changes at Tucson were traced from 1958 through 1974. The year-to-year variance in the determination of a secular change seemed to be decreased by the present analysis method in comparison to a method which uses the annual mean of hourly values. The annual horizontal field variations were largely northward in early summer and southward in early winter; quiet year amplitudes of 2 to 3 γ about doubled in the solar active year. The amplitudes of the semiannual field vectors were about one half that of the annual vectors; the directions were apparently inconsistent from year to year.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB085iB11p06557","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Campbell, W., 1980, Secular, annual, and semiannual changes in the baseline level of the earth's magnetic field at North American locations: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 85, no. B11, p. 6557-6571, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB085iB11p06557.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"6557","endPage":"6571","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222191,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"B11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8944e4b08c986b316d80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, W.H.","contributorId":30749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012331,"text":"70012331 - 1980 - Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012331","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft","docAbstract":"Gas samples were collected by aircraft entering volcanic eruption clouds of three Guatemalan volcanoes. Gas chromatographic analyses show higher H2 and S gas contents in ash eruption clouds and lower H2 and S gases in vaporous gas plumes. H isotopic data demonstrate lighter isotopic distribution of water vapor in ash eruption clouds than in vaporous gas plumes. Most of the H2O in the vaporous plumes is probably meteoric. The data are the first direct gas analyses of explosive eruptive clouds, and demonstrate that, in spite of atmospheric admixture, useful compositional information on eruptive gases can be obtained using aircraft. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Rose, W., Cadle, R., Heidt, L., Friedman, I., Lazrus, A., and Huebert, B., 1980, Gas and hydrogen isotopic analyses of volcanic eruption clouds in Guatemala sampled by aircraft: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 1-2, p. 1-10.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222190,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14bfe4b0c8380cd54b4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, W.I. Jr.","contributorId":25275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"W.I.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cadle, R.D.","contributorId":64804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cadle","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heidt, L.E.","contributorId":61168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidt","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lazrus, A.L.","contributorId":92426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lazrus","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huebert, B.J.","contributorId":6189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebert","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70012330,"text":"70012330 - 1980 - Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-20T06:55:43","indexId":"70012330","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations","docAbstract":"<p>General ways of solving various inverse problems are studied for given travel time observations between sources and receivers. These problems are separated into three components: (a) the representation of the unknown quantities appearing in the model; (b) the nonlinear least-squares problem; (c) the direct, two-point ray-tracing problem used to compute travel time once the model parameters are given. Novel software is described for (b) and (c), and some ideas given on (a). Numerical results obtained with artificial data and an implementation of the algorithm are also presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(80)90063-1","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Pereyra, V., Keller, H., and Lee, W., 1980, Computational methods for inverse problems in geophysics: Inversion of travel time observations: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 21, no. 2-3, p. 120-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(80)90063-1.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"120","endPage":"125","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222133,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f951e4b0c8380cd4d570","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pereyra, V.","contributorId":72932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pereyra","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keller, H.B.","contributorId":71697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"H.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012329,"text":"70012329 - 1980 - Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-14T16:35:31","indexId":"70012329","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The concentration of mercury in contaminated estuarine sediments of Bellingham Bay, Washington was found to decrease with a half-time of about 1.3 yr after the primary anthropogenic source of mercury was removed. <i>In situ</i> measurements of the mercury flux from sediments, in both dissolved and volatile forms, could not account for this decrease. This result suggests that the removal of mercury is associated with sediment particles transported out of the study area. This decrease was modeled using a steady-state mixing model.</p><p>Mercury concentrations in anoxic interstitial waters reached 3.5 μg/l, 126 times higher than observed in the overlying seawater. Mercury fluxes from these sediments ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 × 10<sup>−5</sup> ng/cm<sup>2</sup>/sec, all in a soluble form. In general, higher Hg fluxes were associated with low oxygen or reducing conditions in the overlying seawater. In contrast, no flux was measurable from oxidizing interstitial water having mercury concentrations of 0.01-0.06 μ/l.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(80)90137-4","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Bothner, M., Jahnke, R., Peterson, M.L., and Carpenter, R., 1980, Rate of mercury loss from contaminated estuarine sediments: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 44, no. 2, p. 273-285, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(80)90137-4.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"285","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9537e4b0c8380cd81892","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bothner, Michael H. mbothner@usgs.gov","contributorId":139855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bothner","given":"Michael H.","email":"mbothner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jahnke, R.A.","contributorId":33060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jahnke","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, M. L.","contributorId":49930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carpenter, R.","contributorId":94793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012333,"text":"70012333 - 1980 - Treasures from the deep ( Metallic nodules).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012333","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3725,"text":"Water Spectrum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Treasures from the deep ( Metallic nodules).","docAbstract":"The composition, distribution, metric growth rates and variations in sea-floor metallic nodules are outlined and discussed The considerable age, slow accretion and relationship to underlying sediments are problems of origin which are yet to be solved and some speculative answers are discussed. Mining of the nodules is reviewed and its related difficulties mentioned.-D.A.Lewis","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Spectrum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00431435","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., 1980, Treasures from the deep ( Metallic nodules).: Water Spectrum, v. 13, no. 1, p. 8-15.","startPage":"8","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb78ee4b08c986b327342","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012219,"text":"70012219 - 1980 - Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-10T16:48:37.840047","indexId":"70012219","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene)","docAbstract":"<p><span>During the Vashon Stade of the Fraser Glaciation, about 15,000–13,000 yr B.P., a lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet occupied the Puget lowland of western Washington. At its maximum extent about 14,000 yr ago, the ice sheet extended across the Puget lowland between the Cascade Range and Olympic Mountains and terminated about 80 km south of Seattle. Meltwater streams drained southwest to the Pacific Ocean and built broad outwash trains south of the ice margin. Reconstructed longitudinal profiles for the Puget lobe at its maximum extent are similar to the modern profile of Malaspina Glacier, Alaska, suggesting that the ice sheet may have been in a near-equilibrium state at the glacial maximum. Progressive northward retreat from the terminal zone was accompanied by the development of ice-marginal streams and proglacial lakes that drained southward during initial retreat, but northward during late Vashon time. Relatively rapid retreat of the Juan de Fuca lobe may have contributed to partial stagnation of the northwestern part of the Puget lobe. Final destruction of the Puget lobe occurred when the ice retreated north of Admiralty Inlet. The sea entered the Puget lowland at this time, allowing the deposition of glacial-marine sediments which now occur as high as 50 m altitude. These deposits, together with ice-marginal meltwater channels presumed to have formed above sea level during deglaciation, suggest that a significant amount of postglacial isostatic and(or) tectonic deformation has occurred in the Puget lowland since deglaciation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(80)90059-9","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Thorson, R., 1980, Ice-sheet glaciation of the Puget lowland, Washington, during the Vashon Stade (late Pleistocene): Quaternary Research, v. 13, no. 3, p. 303-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(80)90059-9.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"303","endPage":"321","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222468,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget lowland, western Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.12087070552147,\n              48.27218726718516\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.12087070552147,\n              47.13545914239012\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71374171000068,\n              47.13545914239012\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.71374171000068,\n              48.27218726718516\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.12087070552147,\n              48.27218726718516\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37f5e4b0c8380cd61300","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorson, R.M.","contributorId":74132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorson","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012368,"text":"70012368 - 1980 - Clarification of the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds on the effective elastic moduli of polycrystals with hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal symmetries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012368","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2171,"text":"Journal of Applied Physics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clarification of the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds on the effective elastic moduli of polycrystals with hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal symmetries","docAbstract":"Bounds on the effective elastic moduli of randomly oriented aggregates of hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal crystals are derived using the variational principles of Hashin and Shtrikman. The bounds are considerably narrower than the widely used Voigt and Reuss bounds. The Voigt-Reuss-Hill average lies within the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds in nearly all cases. Previous bounds of Peselnick and Meister are shown to be special cases of the present results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Physics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1063/1.327804","issn":"00214922","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., and Peselnick, L., 1980, Clarification of the Hashin-Shtrikman bounds on the effective elastic moduli of polycrystals with hexagonal, trigonal, and tetragonal symmetries: Journal of Applied Physics, v. 51, no. 3, p. 1525-1531, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.327804.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1531","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205209,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.327804"},{"id":222197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f614e4b0c8380cd4c5a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, J.P.","contributorId":42355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peselnick, L.","contributorId":66825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peselnick","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012318,"text":"70012318 - 1980 - Debris-flow deposits of Early Miocene age, Deadman Stream, Marlborough, New Zealand.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:06","indexId":"70012318","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris-flow deposits of Early Miocene age, Deadman Stream, Marlborough, New Zealand.","docAbstract":"Detailed analysis is presented of a conformable succession of conglomerates and sandstones lying between massive marine mudstones. The coarse sediments reflect deposition by a spectrum of subaqueous debris-flow mechanisms during an early pulse of tectonism that ultimately resulted in Plio-Pleistocene eversion of the Kaikoura Mountains. Sparse pebbly mudstones and rare sandy conglomerates show disoriented clasts and reflect high-viscosity flows and slurry- creep flow mechanisms. Other deposits have little mud matrix, hence appear to reflect low-viscosity flow processes. Common sorted sandstones and some conglomeratic sandstones show diffuse parallel lamination. Other conglomeratic sandstones show trough cross-bedding which we attribute to entrained bedload movement during intersurge episodes of debris flow. - from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentary Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(80)90032-9","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Lewis, D., Laird, M., and Powell, R., 1980, Debris-flow deposits of Early Miocene age, Deadman Stream, Marlborough, New Zealand.: Sedimentary Geology, v. 27, no. 2, p. 83-118, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(80)90032-9.","startPage":"83","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(80)90032-9"},{"id":222006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fdf7e4b0c8380cd4ea36","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewis, D.W.","contributorId":49108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laird, M.G.","contributorId":34264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laird","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012393,"text":"70012393 - 1980 - The provenance of rutile.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-22T11:21:22.645154","indexId":"70012393","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The provenance of rutile.","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12457817\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Most coarse detrital rutile is derived from high-grade metamorphic rocks. Contrary to a conventional assumption, independent rutile grains are particularly rare in igneous rocks except alkalic rocks. The use of rutile in the ZTR (zircon-tourmaline-rutile) index of mineralogic maturity is only partially valid, owing to its restricted provenance.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F7A31-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., 1980, The provenance of rutile.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, no. 2, p. 485-488, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7A31-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"485","endPage":"488","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222476,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baed9e4b08c986b3243ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012289,"text":"70012289 - 1980 - The morphology of the Martian surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012289","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The morphology of the Martian surface","docAbstract":"Most of the southern hemisphere of Mars is densely cratered and stands 1-3 km above the topographic datum. The northern hemisphere is more sparsely cratered and elevations are generally below the datum. A broad rise, the Tharsis bulge, centered at 14?? S, 101?? W, is 8000 km across and 10 km above the datum at its summit. The densely cratered terrain has two main components; very ancient crust, nearly saturated with large craters, and younger intercrater plains. In many areas the older unit is fractured and extensively dissected by small channels. The younger intercrater plains are distinctly layered in places and less dissected, less fractured, and less cratered. Both units probably date from very early in the planet's history. Cratered plains cover much of the northern hemisphere and are highly variegated. Those around the large volcanoes are covered with numerous volcanic flows whereas in other areas the plains are featureless except for craters and lunar mare-like ridges. Between 40?? N and 60?? N the plains are complex with various kinds of striped and patterned ground, low escarpments, and isolated irregularly shaped mesas. Their peculiar morphology has been attributed, in part, to the repeated deposition and removal of volatile-rich debris layers. Along the boundary between the northern plains and the densely cratered terrain to the south, the plains and cratered terrain complexly inter-finger. The old terrain forms the high ground and appears to have undergone mass wasting on a large scale. In several areas, particularly south of Chryse Planitia, the old, cratered surface has collapsed to form chaotic terrain. Large channels, tens of kilometers wide and hundreds of kilometers long, with numerous characteristics suggestive of catastrophic flooding, commonly emerge from the chaotic areas. Much of the area between 50?? W and 180?? W and 50?? N and 50?? S is cut by fractures radial to the center of the Tharsis bulge. The equatorial canyon system, Valles Marineris, is radial to the bulge and appears to have formed largely by faulting along the radial fractures, although it has also been extensively modified by various mass wasting and fluvial processes. Most but not all volcanoes are in the Tharsis and Elysium regions. The largest resemble terrestrial shield volcanoes except for scale; the edifices, flow features and calderas are all far larger than their terrestrial counterparts. Most impact craters on Mars are surrounded by layers of ejecta, each with a distil ridge. This unique morphology coupled with other surface characteristics suggests large amounts of ground ice. Layered deposits at both poles appear to be relatively young, volatile-rich, aeolian deposits. The north pole is also surrounded by a continuous belt of dunes several tens of kilometers across. In most other places, aeolian modification of the surface at a scale of several tens of meters appears slight despite annual global dust storms. ?? 1980 D. Reidel Publishing Co.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00221929","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1980, The morphology of the Martian surface: Space Science Reviews, v. 25, no. 3, p. 231-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00221929.","startPage":"231","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"54","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205254,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221929"},{"id":222530,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505badeee4b08c986b323e74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012085,"text":"70012085 - 1980 - Size distribution of Amazon River bed sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012085","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size distribution of Amazon River bed sediment","docAbstract":"The first recorded observations of bed material of the Amazon River were made in 1843 by Lt William Lewis Herndon of the US Navy, when he travelled the river from its headwaters to its mouth, sounding its depths, and noting the nature of particles caught in a heavy grease smeared to the bottom of his sounding weight1. He reported the bed material of the river to be mostly sand and fine gravel. Oltman and Ames took samples at a few locations in 1963 and 1964, and reported the bed material at O??bidos, Brazil, to be fine sands, with median diameters ranging from 0.15 to 0.25 mm (ref. 2). We present here a summary of particle-size analyses of samples of streambed material collected from the Amazon River and its major tributaries along a reach of the river from Iquitos in Peru, ???3,500 km above Macapa?? Brazil, to a point 220 km above Macapa??3. ?? 1980 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/286052a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Nordin, C., Meade, R., Curtis, W.F., Bosio, N., and Landim, P., 1980, Size distribution of Amazon River bed sediment: Nature, v. 286, no. 5768, p. 52-53, https://doi.org/10.1038/286052a0.","startPage":"52","endPage":"53","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205275,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/286052a0"},{"id":222638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"286","issue":"5768","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9119e4b08c986b319766","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordin, C.F.","contributorId":16005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordin","given":"C.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, R.H.","contributorId":27449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curtis, W. F.","contributorId":61432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bosio, N.J.","contributorId":67940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosio","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Landim, P.M.B.","contributorId":48314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landim","given":"P.M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70012367,"text":"70012367 - 1980 - High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T16:39:43.662966","indexId":"70012367","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The U.S. Geological Survey contracted a high-sensitivity, digital aeromagnetic survey that was flown over the U.S. Atlantic continental margin over a period of 15 months between 1974 and 1976. The 185,000 km of profile data have a relative accuracy approaching a few tenths of a nanotesla, which allowed compilation into maps at a scale of 1:250,000, with a contour interval of 2 nT. Automatic data processing using the Werner method allowed calculations of apparent depth to sources of the magnetic anomalies on all of the profiles, assuming a dike or interface as a source. Comparison of the computed depths to magnetic basement with multichannel seismic profiles across the survey area helped to reduce ambiguities in magnetic depth estimates and enabled interpolation of basement structures between seismic profiles. The resulting map showing depth to basement of the Atlantic continental margin is compatible with available multichannel seismic data, and we consider it a reasonable representation of the base of the sedimentary column.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1441068","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., and Klitgord, K.D., 1980, High-sensitivity aeromagnetic survey of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Geophysics, v. 45, no. 12, p. 1813-1846, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1441068.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"1813","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a313de4b0c8380cd5dd61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":363389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012317,"text":"70012317 - 1980 - Water resources of the People's Republic of China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-19T00:37:28.23101","indexId":"70012317","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Water resources of the People's Republic of China","docAbstract":"<p>At the invitation of the Society of Hydraulic Engineers of the People's Republic of China (PRC), a delegation of U.S. hydrologists and hydraulic engineers visited the PRC in the fall of 1978.* From discussions with officials of both the Society and the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Power (MWCP), and from visits to research and academic institutions and water projects, the delegation gained a general understanding of the country's surface water resources. The reported statistics, supplemented with others from published sources, provide a quantitative description of the PRC's water resources in relation to those of the United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/EO061i046p00891","issn":"00963941","usgsCitation":"Matalas, N., and Nordin, C., 1980, Water resources of the People's Republic of China: Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 61, no. 46, p. 891-901, https://doi.org/10.1029/EO061i046p00891.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"891","endPage":"901","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222005,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[110.33919,18.6784],[109.47521,18.1977],[108.65521,18.50768],[108.62622,19.36789],[109.11906,19.82104],[110.2116,20.10125],[110.78655,20.07753],[111.01005,19.69593],[110.57065,19.25588],[110.33919,18.6784]]],[[[127.65741,49.76027],[129.39782,49.4406],[130.58229,48.72969],[130.98728,47.79013],[132.50667,47.78897],[133.3736,48.18344],[135.02631,48.47823],[134.50081,47.57844],[134.11236,47.21247],[133.76964,46.11693],[133.09713,45.14407],[131.88345,45.32116],[131.02521,44.96795],[131.28856,44.11152],[131.14469,42.92999],[130.63387,42.90301],[130.64002,42.39501],[129.99427,42.98539],[129.59667,42.42498],[128.05222,41.99428],[128.20843,41.46677],[127.34378,41.50315],[126.86908,41.81657],[126.18205,41.10734],[125.07994,40.56982],[124.26562,39.92849],[122.86757,39.63779],[122.13139,39.17045],[121.05455,38.89747],[121.58599,39.36085],[121.37676,39.75026],[122.1686,40.42244],[121.64036,40.94639],[120.76863,40.59339],[119.6396,39.89806],[119.02346,39.25233],[118.04275,39.20427],[117.5327,38.73764],[118.0597,38.06148],[118.87815,37.89733],[118.91164,37.44846],[119.7028,37.15639],[120.82346,37.87043],[121.71126,37.48112],[122.35794,37.45448],[122.51999,36.93061],[121.10416,36.65133],[120.63701,36.11144],[119.66456,35.60979],[119.15121,34.90986],[120.22752,34.36033],[120.62037,33.37672],[121.22901,32.46032],[121.90815,31.69217],[121.89192,30.94935],[121.26426,30.67627],[121.50352,30.14291],[122.09211,29.83252],[121.93843,29.01802],[121.68444,28.22551],[121.12566,28.13567],[120.39547,27.05321],[119.5855,25.74078],[118.65687,24.54739],[117.28161,23.6245],[115.89074,22.78287],[114.76383,22.66807],[114.15255,22.22376],[113.80678,22.54834],[113.24108,22.05137],[111.84359,21.55049],[110.78547,21.39714],[110.44404,20.34103],[109.88986,20.28246],[109.62766,21.00823],[109.86449,21.39505],[108.52281,21.71521],[108.05018,21.55238],[107.04342,21.8119],[106.56727,22.2182],[106.7254,22.79427],[105.81125,22.97689],[105.32921,23.35206],[104.47686,22.81915],[103.50451,22.70376],[102.70699,22.7088],[102.17044,22.46475],[101.65202,22.3182],[101.80312,21.17437],[101.27003,21.20165],[101.18001,21.43657],[101.15003,21.84998],[100.41654,21.55884],[99.98349,21.74294],[99.2409,22.11831],[99.53199,22.94904],[98.89875,23.14272],[98.66026,24.06329],[97.60472,23.8974],[97.72461,25.08364],[98.67184,25.9187],[98.71209,26.74354],[98.68269,27.50881],[98.24623,27.74722],[97.91199,28.33595],[97.32711,28.26158],[96.24883,28.41103],[96.58659,28.83098],[96.11768,29.4528],[95.4048,29.03172],[94.56599,29.27744],[93.41335,28.64063],[92.50312,27.89688],[91.69666,27.77174],[91.25885,28.04061],[90.73051,28.06495],[90.01583,28.29644],[89.47581,28.04276],[88.81425,27.29932],[88.73033,28.08686],[88.12044,27.87654],[86.95452,27.97426],[85.82332,28.20358],[85.01164,28.64277],[84.23458,28.83989],[83.89899,29.32023],[83.33712,29.46373],[82.32751,30.11527],[81.5258,30.42272],[81.11126,30.18348],[79.72137,30.88271],[78.73889,31.51591],[78.45845,32.61816],[79.17613,32.48378],[79.20889,32.99439],[78.81109,33.5062],[78.91227,34.32194],[77.83745,35.49401],[76.19285,35.8984],[75.8969,36.66681],[75.15803,37.13303],[74.98,37.41999],[74.82999,37.99001],[74.86482,38.37885],[74.25751,38.60651],[73.92885,38.50582],[73.67538,39.43124],[73.96001,39.66001],[73.82224,39.89397],[74.77686,40.36643],[75.46783,40.56207],[76.52637,40.42795],[76.90448,41.06649],[78.1872,41.18532],[78.54366,41.58224],[80.11943,42.12394],[80.25999,42.35],[80.18015,42.92007],[80.86621,43.18036],[79.96611,44.91752],[81.94707,45.31703],[82.45893,45.53965],[83.18048,47.33003],[85.16429,47.00096],[85.72048,47.45297],[85.76823,48.45575],[86.59878,48.54918],[87.35997,49.21498],[87.75126,49.2972],[88.01383,48.59946],[88.8543,48.06908],[90.28083,47.69355],[90.97081,46.88815],[90.58577,45.71972],[90.94554,45.28607],[92.13389,45.11508],[93.48073,44.97547],[94.68893,44.35233],[95.30688,44.24133],[95.76245,43.31945],[96.3494,42.72564],[97.45176,42.74889],[99.51582,42.52469],[100.84587,42.6638],[101.83304,42.51487],[103.31228,41.90747],[104.52228,41.90835],[104.96499,41.59741],[106.12932,42.13433],[107.74477,42.48152],[109.2436,42.51945],[110.4121,42.87123],[111.12968,43.40683],[111.82959,43.74312],[111.66774,44.07318],[111.34838,44.45744],[111.87331,45.10208],[112.43606,45.01165],[113.46391,44.80889],[114.46033,45.33982],[115.9851,45.72724],[116.71787,46.3882],[117.4217,46.67273],[118.87433,46.80541],[119.66327,46.69268],[119.77282,47.04806],[118.86657,47.74706],[118.06414,48.06673],[117.29551,47.69771],[116.30895,47.85341],[115.74284,47.72654],[115.48528,48.13538],[116.1918,49.1346],[116.6788,49.88853],[117.87924,49.51098],[119.28846,50.14288],[119.27937,50.58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N.C.","contributorId":25173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matalas","given":"N.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordin, C.F. Jr.","contributorId":100852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordin","given":"C.F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012364,"text":"70012364 - 1980 - Growth rates of manganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T12:25:29.680633","indexId":"70012364","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth rates of manganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p><sup>226</sup>Ra is used to document the growth histories of six manganese nodules from Oneida Lake, New York. Detailed sectioning and analysis reveal that there are discontinuous gradients in<sup>226</sup>Ra content in these samples. These gradients result from periods of rapid growth (&gt;1 mm/100 years) separated by periods of no growth of erosion. Although the<sup>226</sup>Ra “age” of the nodules approximates the age of Oneida Lake, the nodules are not sediment-covered because they occur only in areas of the lake where fine-grained sediments are not accumulating.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(80)90005-9","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Moore, W., Dean, W., Krishnaswami, S., and Borole, D., 1980, Growth rates of manganese nodules in Oneida Lake, New York: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 46, no. 2, p. 191-200, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(80)90005-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"200","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222135,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Oneida Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.22571860621142,\n              43.326711910461796\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22571860621142,\n              43.09951463139819\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.63795005152384,\n              43.09951463139819\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.63795005152384,\n              43.326711910461796\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22571860621142,\n              43.326711910461796\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e04e4b0c8380cd5c22a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, W.S.","contributorId":90875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krishnaswami, S.","contributorId":101386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krishnaswami","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borole, D.V.","contributorId":33451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borole","given":"D.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012113,"text":"70012113 - 1980 - About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jokulhlaups through southern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:14:48.885907","indexId":"70012113","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jökulhlaups through southern Washington","title":"About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jokulhlaups through southern Washington","docAbstract":"<p><span>The rhythmic Touchet Beds in the Walla Walla and lower Yakima valleys resulted from many separate backfloodings by hydraulically ponded glacial Lake Missoula water. At least once this episodic lake briefly contained half the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"NLM_tex-math\"><img src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1980/i30063875/628553/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\" alt=\"\" data-mce-src=\"https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/na101/home/literatum/publisher/uchicago/journals/content/jg/1980/i30063875/628553/20180625/images/eqs/eq-00001.gif\"></span><span>&nbsp;of water that catastrophically drained the largest glacial Lakes Missoula. Evidence that the Touchet Beds rhythmites originated from brief backfloodings includes up-valley thinning and fining of locally derived bedload, upvalley paleocurrents, and upvalley transport of erratics derived from Cordilleran ice. Evidence that a lengthy nonflood environment followed the emplacement of each of about 40 Touchet Beds rhythmite includes inferred eolian and slopewash sediment overlying many rhythmites, uncontaminated Mount St. Helens \"set S\" tephra couplet atop one rhythmite as much as 220 m below the maximum level of backflooding, filled semiconsolidated rodent burrows throughout the 30 m of the thickest section, and dispersed skeletons of mammals. The lack of weathering or soil within the Touchet Beds suggests that all rhythmites are late Wisconsin. Bottom sediment of glacial Lake Missoula in Montana consists of rhythmites each interpreted as the record of a gradually deepening lake. Forty superposed rhythmites record about 40 late-Wisconsin fillings and emptyings of glacial Lake Missoula. The complementary records of about 40 separate glacial Lakes Missoula and about 40 great floods in southern Washington and in the Willamette Valley, Oregon indicate that the Missoula floods were great jokulhlaups. The last several floods were smaller than earlier ones because the controlling dam of Cordilleran ice thinned during deglaciation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/628553","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Waitt, R.B., 1980, About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jokulhlaups through southern Washington: Journal of Geology, v. 88, no. 6, p. 653-679, https://doi.org/10.1086/628553.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"679","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222051,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e644e4b0c8380cd472d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waitt, R. B. Jr.","contributorId":48558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waitt","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012307,"text":"70012307 - 1980 - Biogenic and thermogenic origins of natural gas in Cook Inlet basin, Alaska.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-12T15:26:53.197774","indexId":"70012307","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogenic and thermogenic origins of natural gas in Cook Inlet basin, Alaska.","docAbstract":"<p><span>Two types of natural gas occurrences are present in the Cook Inlet basin. The major reserves (1.8 × 10</span><sup>11</sup><span>m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) occur in shallow (less than 2,300 m), nonassociated dry gas fields that contain methane with ^dgr</span><sup>13</sup><span>C in the range of -63 to -56 per mil. These gas fields are in sandstones interbedded with coals of the Sterling and Beluga Formations; the gas fields are interpreted as biogenic in origin. Lesser reserves (1.1 × 10</span><sup>10</sup><span>&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>) of natural gas are associated with oil in the deeper Hemlock Conglomerate at the base of the Tertiary section; associated gas contains methane with ^dgr</span><sup>13</sup><span>C of about -46 per mil. The gases associated with oil in the Hemlock Conglomerate are thermogenic in origin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/2F91944F-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Claypool, G., Threlkeld, C.N., and Magoon, L.B., 1980, Biogenic and thermogenic origins of natural gas in Cook Inlet basin, Alaska.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, no. 8, p. 1131-1139, https://doi.org/10.1306/2F91944F-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1131","endPage":"1139","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.73008290693286,\n              61.603912894724544\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8066533859104,\n              61.603912894724544\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.8066533859104,\n              60.06806650089854\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.73008290693286,\n              60.06806650089854\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.73008290693286,\n              61.603912894724544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f14de4b0c8380cd4ab94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Threlkeld, C. N.","contributorId":80271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Threlkeld","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012306,"text":"70012306 - 1980 - Recovery of datable charcoal beneath young lavas: Lessons from Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T15:09:08.726104","indexId":"70012306","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of datable charcoal beneath young lavas: Lessons from Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Field studies in Hawaii aimed at providing a radiocarbon-based chronology of prehistoric eruptive activity have led to a good understanding of the processes that govern the formation and preservation of charcoal beneath basaltic lava flows. Charcoal formation is a rate-dependent process controlled primarily by temperature and duration of heating, as well as by moisture content, density, and size of original woody material. Charcoal will form wherever wood buried by lava is raised to sufficiently high temperatures, but owing to the availability of oxygen it is commonly burned to ash soon after formation. Wherever oxygen circulation is sufficiently restricted, however, charcoal will be preserved, but where atmospheric oxygen circulates freely, charcoal will only be preserved at lower temperature, below that required for charcoal ignition or catalytic oxidation. These factors cause carbonized wood, especially that derived from living roots, to be commonly preserved beneath all parts of pahoehoe flows (where oxygen circulation is restricted), but only under margins of aa. Practical guidelines are given for the recovery of datable charcoal beneath pahoehoe and aa. Although based on Hawaiian basaltic flows, the guidelines should be applicable to other areas.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02597697","usgsCitation":"Lockwood, J.P., and Lipman, P.W., 1980, Recovery of datable charcoal beneath young lavas: Lessons from Hawaii: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, no. 3, p. 609-615, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02597697.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"609","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221880,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.1159884915015,\n              20.194925681715915\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.1159884915015,\n              18.919476807629593\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.75002633363587,\n              18.919476807629593\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.75002633363587,\n              20.194925681715915\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.1159884915015,\n              20.194925681715915\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a333e4b0e8fec6cdb7b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012126,"text":"70012126 - 1980 - Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T12:32:43","indexId":"70012126","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass","docAbstract":"Aqueous dissolution experiments with the vitric phase of a rhyolitic tuff were performed at 25??C and constant pH in the range 4.5-7.5. Results suggest interchange of aqueous hydrogen ions for cations situated both on the surface and within the glass. At time intervals from 24 to 900 hr., dissolution kinetics are controlled by ion transport to and from sites within the glass. Experimental data indicate that parabolic diffusion rate of a chemical species from the solid is a nonlinear function of its aqueous concentration. A numerical solution to Fick's second law is presented for diffusion of sodium, which relates it's aqueous concentration to it's concentration on glass surface, by a Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The pH influence on sodium diffusion in the model can be accounted for by use of a pH-dependent diffusion coefficient and a pH-independent adsorption isotherm. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(80)90038-8","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"White, A.F., and Claassen, H., 1980, Kinetic model for the short-term dissolution of a rhyolitic glass: Chemical Geology, v. 28, no. C, p. 91-109, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90038-8.","startPage":"91","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266127,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90038-8"}],"volume":"28","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a6e4b0c8380cd64f28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, A. F.","contributorId":36546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":362786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012291,"text":"70012291 - 1980 - Measurement of irrigated acreage in Western Kansas from LANDSAT images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:01","indexId":"70012291","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measurement of irrigated acreage in Western Kansas from LANDSAT images","docAbstract":"In the past four decades, irrigated acreage in western Kansas has increased rapidly. Optimum utilization of vital groundwater supplies requires implementation of long-term water-management programs. One important variable in such programs is up-to-date information on acreage under irrigation. Conventional ground survey methods of estimating irrigated acreage are too slow to be of maximum use in water-management programs. Visual interpretation of LANDSAT images permits more rapid measurement of irrigated acreage, but procedures are tedious and still relatively slow. For example, using a LANDSAT false-color composite image in areas of western Kansas with few landmarks, it is impossible to keep track of fields by examination under low-power microscope. Irrigated fields are more easily delineated on a photographically enlarged false-color composite and are traced on an overlay for measurement. Interpretation and measurement required 6 weeks for a four-county (3140 mi2, 8133 km2) test area. Video image-analysis equipment permits rapid measurement of irrigated acreage. Spectral response of irrigated summer crops in western Kansas on MSS band 5 (visible red, 0.6-0.7 ??m) images is low in contrast to high response from harvested and fallow fields and from common soil types. Therefore, irrigated acreage in western Kansas can be uniquely discriminated by video image analysis. The area of irrigated crops in a given area of view is measured directly. Sources of error are small in western Kansas. After preliminary preparation of the images, the time required to measure irrigated acreage was 1 h per county (average area, 876 ml2 or 2269 km2). ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02473477","issn":"09430105","usgsCitation":"Keene, K., and Conley, C., 1980, Measurement of irrigated acreage in Western Kansas from LANDSAT images: Environmental Geology, v. 3, no. 2, p. 107-116, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473477.","startPage":"107","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205265,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473477"},{"id":222586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a530be4b0c8380cd6c846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keene, K.M.","contributorId":63171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keene","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conley, C.D.","contributorId":51888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conley","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012290,"text":"70012290 - 1980 - Stable isotope variations in the Quaternary epithermal calcite-fluorite deposit at Monte delle Fate near Cerveteri (Latium, central Italy)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:03","indexId":"70012290","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2746,"text":"Mineralium Deposita","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope variations in the Quaternary epithermal calcite-fluorite deposit at Monte delle Fate near Cerveteri (Latium, central Italy)","docAbstract":"Carbon, oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations have been measured in samples from the epithermal fluorite vein deposit at Monte delle Fate, Latium. The ranges in ?? 13C and ??18O of calcite are -1.3 to 3.4 and 9.5 to 17.3, respectively. ??D values of water extracted from fluid inclusions are -49 to -39 for calcite and -41 to -34 for fluorite. Fluid inclusion filling temperatures (225??-240??C) and salinites (3.75) are nearly the same for both fluorite and sparry calcite. An elongated form of calcite, of minor abundance, precipitated at lower temperatures. The data indicate that (1) the CO2 involved in the mineralization was provided by the local marine limestones, (2) the waters were meteoric in origin and underwent an 18O shift of ??? 10 permil by exchange with marine country rocks, and (3) all geochemical features can be explained by the action of two hydrothermal fluids. Hot brines recently discovered in the Cesano geothermal area, 30 km to the east, have temperatures and some chemical characteristics similar to the hydrothermal fluids at Monte delle Fate. ?? 1980 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineralium Deposita","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00202843","issn":"00264598","usgsCitation":"Masi, U., and O’Neil, J.R., 1980, Stable isotope variations in the Quaternary epithermal calcite-fluorite deposit at Monte delle Fate near Cerveteri (Latium, central Italy): Mineralium Deposita, v. 15, no. 1, p. 41-45, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00202843.","startPage":"41","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205255,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202843"},{"id":222531,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9680e4b08c986b31b550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masi, U.","contributorId":34654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masi","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012277,"text":"70012277 - 1980 - Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T13:26:29","indexId":"70012277","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling","docAbstract":"Deep horizontal drill holes have been used since 1967 by the Defense Nuclear Agency as a primary exploration tool for siting nuclear events in tunnels at the Nevada Test Site. The U.S. Geological Survey had developed geophysical logging techniques for obtaining resistivity and velocity in these holes, and to date 33 horizontal drill holes in excess of 300 m in depth have been successfully logged. The deepest hole was drilled to a horizontal depth of 1125 m. The purposes of the logging measurements are to define clay zones, because of the unstable ground conditions such zones can present to tunnelling, and to define zones of partially saturated rock, because of the attenuating effects such zones have on the shock wave generated by the nuclear detonation. Excessive attenuation is undesirable because the shock wave is used as a tunnel closure mechanism to contain debris and other undesirable explosion products. Measurements are made by pumping resistivity, sonic and geophone probes down the drill string and out of the bit into the open hole. Clay zones are defined by the electrical resistivity technique based on empirical data relating the magnitude of the resistivity measurement to qualitative clay content. Rock exhibiting resistivity of less than 20 ??-m is considered potentially unstable, and resistivities less than 10 ??-m indicate appreciable amounts of clay are present in the rock. Partially saturated rock zones are defined by the measurement of the rock sound speed. Zones in the rock which exhibit velocities less than 2450 m/sec are considered of potential concern. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(80)90261-2","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Carroll, R.D., and Cunningham, M., 1980, Geophysical investigations in deep horizontal holes drilled ahead of tunnelling: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 17, no. 2, p. 89-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(80)90261-2.","productDescription":"p.89-107","startPage":"89","endPage":"107","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":265948,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(80)90261-2"},{"id":222345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a282ee4b0c8380cd59edc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carroll, R. D.","contributorId":53373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carroll","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cunningham, M.J.","contributorId":106261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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