Many species of conservation concern are habitat limited and often a major focus of management for these species is habitat acquisition and/or restoration. Deciding the location of habitat restoration or acquisition to best benefit a protected species can be a complicated subject with competing management objectives, ecological uncertainties and stochasticity. Structured decision making (SDM) could be a useful approach for explicitly incorporating those complexities while still working toward species conservation and/or recovery. We applied an SDM approach to Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti habitat conservation decision making. Phaeognathus hubrichti is a severely range-limited endemic species in south central Alabama and has highly specific habitat requirements. Many known populations live on private lands and the primary mode of habitat protection is habitat conservation planning, but such plans are non-binding and not permanent. Working with stakeholders, we developed an objectives hierarchy linking land acquisition or protection actions to fundamental objectives. We built a model to assess and compare the quality of the habitat in the known range of P. hubrichti. Our model evaluated key habitat attributes of 5814 pixels of 1 km2 each and ranked the pixels from best to worst with respect to P. hubrichti habitat requirements. Our results are a spatially explicit valuation of each pixel, with respect to its probable benefit to P. hubrichti populations. The results of this effort will be used to rank pixels from most to least beneficial, then identify land owners in the most useful areas for salamanders who are willing to sell or enter into a permanent easement agreement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/acv.12275","usgsCitation":"Robinson, O.J., McGowan, C., and Apodaca, J., 2016, Decision analysis for habitat conservation of an endangered, range-limited salamander: Animal Conservation, v. 19, no. 6, p. 561-569, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12275.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"569","ipdsId":"IP-065441","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","volume":"19","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ea76e4b09af898c8cc8f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Orin J.","contributorId":167172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Orin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":33694,"text":"School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. cmcgowan@usgs.gov","contributorId":145496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Apodaca, J.J.","contributorId":150788,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apodaca","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35237,"text":"Warren Wilson College, Asheville, North Carolina","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70182565,"text":"70182565 - 2016 - Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T12:41:34","indexId":"70182565","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","docAbstract":"The ONSR is a karst park, containing many springs and caves. The “jewels” of the park are large springs, several of first magnitude, that contribute significantly to the flow and water quality of the Current River and its tributaries. Completion of 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping of the park and surrounding river basin, along with synthesis of published hydrologic data, allows us to examine the spatial relationships between the springs and the geologic framework to develop a conceptual model for genesis of these springs. Based on their similarity to mapped spring conduits, many of the caves in the ONSR are fossil conduit segments. Therefore, geologic control on the evolution of the springs also applies to speleogenesis in this part of the southern Missouri Ozarks.
Large springs occur in the ONSR area because: (1) the Ozark aquifer, from which they rise, is chiefly dolomite affected by solution via various processes over a long time period, (2) Paleozoic hypogenic fluid migration through these rocks exploited and enhanced flow-paths, (3) a consistent and low regional dip of the rocks off of the Salem Plateau (less than 2° to the southeast) allows integration of flow into large groundwater basins with a few discreet outlets, (4) the springs are located where the rivers have cut down into structural highs, allowing access to water from stratigraphic units deeper in the aquifer thus allowing development of springsheds that have volumetrically larger storage than smaller springs higher in the section, and (5) quartz sandstone and bedded chert in the carbonate stratigraphic succession that are locally to regionally continuous, serve as aquitards that locally confine groundwater up dip of the springs creating artesian conditions. This subhorizontal partitioning of the Ozark aquifer allows contributing areas for different springs to overlap, as evidenced by dye traces that cross adjacent groundwater basin boundaries, and possibly contributes to alternate flow routes under different groundwater flow regimes.
A better understanding of the 3-dimensional hydrogeologic framework for the large spring systems in the ONSR allows more precise mapping of the contributing areas for those springs, will guide future studies of groundwater flow paths, and inform development of groundwater resource management strategies for the park.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"GSA Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"2016","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO ","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America ","doi":"10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679","usgsCitation":"Weary, D.J., and Orndorff, R.C., 2016, Geologic context of large karst springs and caves in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri, GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, CO , 2016, https://doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016AM-282679.","ipdsId":"IP-082624","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c1e4b01ccd54fddfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186879,"text":"70186879 - 2016 - CDMetaPOP: An individual-based, eco-evolutionary model for spatially explicit simulation of landscape demogenetics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:38:20","indexId":"70186879","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"CDMetaPOP: An individual-based, eco-evolutionary model for spatially explicit simulation of landscape demogenetics","docAbstract":"1. Combining landscape demographic and genetics models offers powerful methods for addressing questions for eco-evolutionary applications.
2. Using two illustrative examples, we present Cost–Distance Meta-POPulation, a program to simulate changes in neutral and/or selection-driven genotypes through time as a function of individual-based movement, complex spatial population dynamics, and multiple and changing landscape drivers.
3. Cost–Distance Meta-POPulation provides a novel tool for questions in landscape genetics by incorporating population viability analysis, while linking directly to conservation applications.
The beating phenomenon observed in the recorded responses of a tall building in Japan and another in the U.S. are examined in this paper. Beating is a periodic vibrational behavior caused by distinctive coupling between translational and torsional modes that typically have close frequencies. Beating is prominent in the prolonged resonant responses of lightly damped structures. Resonances caused by site effects also contribute to accentuating the beating effect. Spectral analyses and system identification techniques are used herein to quantify the periods and amplitudes of the beating effects from the strong motion recordings of the two buildings. Quantification of beating effects is a first step towards determining remedial actions to improve resilient building performance to strong earthquake induced shaking.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"16th U.S.-Japan-New Zealand Workshop on the Improvement of Structural Engineering and Resiliency","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Applied Technology Council","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Ghahari, S.F., and Taciroglu, E., 2016, Significance of beating observed in earthquake responses of buildings, in 16th U.S.-Japan-New Zealand Workshop on the Improvement of Structural Engineering and Resiliency.","ipdsId":"IP-075048","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350988,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586d9e4b00f54eb1d81fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghahari, S. F.","contributorId":147707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghahari","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taciroglu, E.","contributorId":147710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taciroglu","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":717146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191935,"text":"70191935 - 2016 - San Pedro River Aquifer Binational Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T21:24:11.302348","indexId":"70191935","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"San Pedro River Aquifer Binational Report","docAbstract":"The United States and Mexico share waters in a number of hydrological basins and aquifers that cross the international boundary. Both countries recognize that, in a region of scarce water resources and expanding populations, a greater scientific understanding of these aquifer systems would be beneficial. In light of this, the Mexican and U.S. Principal Engineers of the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) signed the “Joint Report of the Principal Engineers Regarding the Joint Cooperative Process United States-Mexico for the Transboundary Aquifer Assessment Program\" on August 19, 2009 (IBWC-CILA, 2009). This IBWC “Joint Report” serves as the framework for U.S.-Mexico coordination and dialogue to implement transboundary aquifer studies. The document clarifies several details about the program such as background, roles, responsibilities, funding, relevance of the international water treaties, and the use of information collected or compiled as part of the program. In the document, it was agreed by the parties involved, which included the IBWC, the Mexican National Water Commission (CONAGUA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the Universities of Arizona and Sonora, to study two priority binational aquifers, one in the San Pedro River basin and the other in the Santa Cruz River basin.
This report focuses on the Binational San Pedro Basin (BSPB). Reasons for the focus on and interest in this aquifer include the fact that it is shared by the two countries, that the San Pedro River has an elevated ecological value because of the riparian ecosystem that it sustains, and that water resources are needed to sustain the river, existing communities, and continued development. This study describes the aquifer’s characteristics in its binational context; however, most of the scientific work has been undertaken for many years by each country without full knowledge of the conditions on the other side of the border. The general objective of this study is to use new and existing research to define the general hydrologic framework of the Binational San Pedro Aquifer (BSPA), to gather hydrogeological and other relevant data in preparation for future work such as an updated groundwater conceptual model and budget and to establish the basis for a binational numerical model.
The specific objectives are as follows:
The BSPB is one of the most studied basins in the region, and a database of publications has been compiled as part of this project. Previous studies include topics that range from geophysics and hydrogeology to biology and ecosystem services. The economic drivers on each side of the border are quite different. In the Arizona 4 portion of the basin military and tourism dominate while in the Sonoran portion, mining is the most important industry. Water management is also different in the two countries. In Mexico, primary authority for management of water resources devolves from the federal government. In the United States, primary authority rests with the states except in cases of interstate surface waters. Binational waters are not currently jointly managed by the two countries except in cases where treaties have been negotiated such as for the Rio Grande and Colorado Rivers. Thus, there is currently no binational coordination or treaty governing the management of groundwater.
State-and-Transition Simulation Modeling (STSM) is a quantitative analysis method that can consolidate a wide array of resource management issues under a “what-if” scenario exercise. STSM can be seen as an ensemble of models, such as climate models, ecological models, and economic models that incorporate human dimensions and management options. This chapter presents STSM as a tool to help synthesize information on social–ecological systems and to investigate some of the management issues associated with exotic annual Bromus species, which have been described elsewhere in this book. Definitions, terminology, and perspectives on conceptual and computer-simulated stochastic state-and-transition models are given first, followed by a brief review of past STSM studies relevant to the management of Bromus species. A detailed case study illustrates the usefulness of STSM for land management. As a whole, this chapter is intended to demonstrate how STSM can help both managers and scientists: (a) determine efficient resource allocation for monitoring nonnative grasses; (b) evaluate sources of uncertainty in model simulation results involving expert opinion, and their consequences for management decisions; and (c) provide insight into the consequences of predicted local climate change effects on ecological systems invaded by exotic annual Bromus species.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_13","usgsCitation":"Provencher, L., Frid, L., Czembor, C., and Morisette, J.T., 2016, State-and-transition models: Conceptual versus simulation perspectives, usefulness and breadth of use, and land management applications, chap. of Exotic brome-grasses in arid and semiarid ecosystems of the western US, p. 371-407, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24930-8_13.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"407","ipdsId":"IP-065755","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351610,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeea59e4b0da30c1bfc5fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provencher, Louis","contributorId":197302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Provencher","given":"Louis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frid, Leonardo","contributorId":56553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frid","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Czembor, Christina","contributorId":197304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Czembor","given":"Christina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187721,"text":"70187721 - 2016 - An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with the Pacific walrus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-16T17:49:28","indexId":"70187721","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with the Pacific walrus","docAbstract":"State-space models offer researchers an objective approach to modeling complex animal location data sets, and state-space model behavior classifications are often assumed to have a link to animal behavior. In this study, we evaluated the behavioral classification accuracy of a Bayesian state-space model in Pacific walruses using Argos satellite tags with sensors to detect animal behavior in real time. We fit a two-state discrete-time continuous-space Bayesian state-space model to data from 306 Pacific walruses tagged in the Chukchi Sea. We matched predicted locations and behaviors from the state-space model (resident, transient behavior) to true animal behavior (foraging, swimming, hauled out) and evaluated classification accuracy with kappa statistics (κ) and root mean square error (RMSE). In addition, we compared biased random bridge utilization distributions generated with resident behavior locations to true foraging behavior locations to evaluate differences in space use patterns. Results indicated that the two-state model fairly classified true animal behavior (0.06 ≤ κ ≤ 0.26, 0.49 ≤ RMSE ≤ 0.59). Kernel overlap metrics indicated utilization distributions generated with resident behavior locations were generally smaller than utilization distributions generated with true foraging behavior locations. Consequently, we encourage researchers to carefully examine parameters and priors associated with behaviors in state-space models, and reconcile these parameters with the study species and its expected behaviors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mms.12332","usgsCitation":"Beatty, W.S., Jay, C.V., and Fischbach, A.S., 2016, An evaluation of behavior inferences from Bayesian state-space models: A case study with the Pacific walrus: Marine Mammal Science, v. 32, no. 4, p. 1299-1318, https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12332.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1299","endPage":"1318","ipdsId":"IP-069772","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F77M060G","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Walrus Bayesian State-space Model Output from the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, 2008-2012"},{"id":341325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591abe36e4b0a7fdb43c8bf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beatty, William S. 0000-0003-0013-3113 wbeatty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-3113","contributorId":173946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beatty","given":"William","email":"wbeatty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jay, Chadwick V. 0000-0002-9559-2189 cjay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9559-2189","contributorId":192736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jay","given":"Chadwick","email":"cjay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fischbach, Anthony S. 0000-0002-6555-865X afischbach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6555-865X","contributorId":2865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischbach","given":"Anthony","email":"afischbach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187253,"text":"70187253 - 2016 - Lethal thermal maxima for age-0 pallid and shovelnose sturgeon: Implications for shallow water habitat restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T11:08:53","indexId":"70187253","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lethal thermal maxima for age-0 pallid and shovelnose sturgeon: Implications for shallow water habitat restoration","docAbstract":"We evaluated temperature tolerance in age-0 pallid and shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus and Scaphirhynchus platorynchus), two species that occur sympatrically in the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers. Fish (0.04–18 g) were acclimated to water temperatures of 13, 18 or 24 °C to quantify temperatures associated with lethal thermal maxima (LTM). The results show that no difference in thermal tolerance existed between the two sturgeon species, but that LTM was significantly related to body mass and acclimation temperature. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate LTM, and outputs from the model were compared with water temperatures measured in the shallow water habitat (SWH) of the Missouri River. Observed SWH temperatures were not found to yield LTM conditions. The model developed here is to serve as a general guideline in the development of future SWH.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.3022","usgsCitation":"Deslauriers, D., Heironimus, L.B., and Chipps, S.R., 2016, Lethal thermal maxima for age-0 pallid and shovelnose sturgeon: Implications for shallow water habitat restoration: River Research and Applications, v. 32, no. 9, p. 1872-1878, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3022.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1872","endPage":"1878","ipdsId":"IP-066780","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi river, Missouri river","volume":"32","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030326e4b0e862d230f72f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deslauriers, David","contributorId":187586,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deslauriers","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heironimus, Laura B.","contributorId":187587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heironimus","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chipps, Steven R. 0000-0001-6511-7582 steve_chipps@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-7582","contributorId":2243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chipps","given":"Steven","email":"steve_chipps@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187264,"text":"70187264 - 2016 - Predicting invasiveness of species in trade: Climate match, trophic guild and fecundity influence establishment and impact of non-native freshwater fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:40:35","indexId":"70187264","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting invasiveness of species in trade: Climate match, trophic guild and fecundity influence establishment and impact of non-native freshwater fishes","docAbstract":"Aim
Impacts of non-native species have motivated development of risk assessment tools for identifying introduced species likely to become invasive. Here, we develop trait-based models for the establishment and impact stages of freshwater fish invasion, and use them to screen non-native species common in international trade. We also determine which species in the aquarium, biological supply, live bait, live food and water garden trades are likely to become invasive. Results are compared to historical patterns of non-native fish establishment to assess the relative importance over time of pathways in causing invasions.
Location
Laurentian Great Lakes region.
Methods
Trait-based classification trees for the establishment and impact stages of invasion were developed from data on freshwater fish species that established or failed to establish in the Great Lakes. Fishes in trade were determined from import data from Canadian and United States regulatory agencies, assigned to specific trades and screened through the developed models.
Results
Climate match between a species’ native range and the Great Lakes region predicted establishment success with 75–81% accuracy. Trophic guild and fecundity predicted potential harmful impacts of established non-native fishes with 75–83% accuracy. Screening outcomes suggest the water garden trade poses the greatest risk of introducing new invasive species, followed by the live food and aquarium trades. Analysis of historical patterns of introduction pathways demonstrates the increasing importance of these trades relative to other pathways. Comparisons among trades reveal that model predictions parallel historical patterns; all fishes previously introduced from the water garden trade have established. The live bait, biological supply, aquarium and live food trades have also contributed established non-native fishes.
Main conclusions
Our models predict invasion risk of potential fish invaders to the Great Lakes region and could help managers prioritize efforts among species and pathways to minimize such risk. Similar approaches could be applied to other taxonomic groups and geographic regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12391","usgsCitation":"Howeth, J.G., Gantz, C.A., Angermeier, P.L., Frimpong, E.A., Hoff, M.H., Keller, R.P., Mandrak, N.E., Marchetti, M.P., Olden, J., Romagosa, C., and Lodge, D.M., 2016, Predicting invasiveness of species in trade: Climate match, trophic guild and fecundity influence establishment and impact of non-native freshwater fishes: Diversity and Distributions, v. 22, no. 2, p. 148-160, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12391.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"148","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-060340","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12391","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030326e4b0e862d230f727","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howeth, Jennifer G.","contributorId":63319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howeth","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gantz, Crysta A.","contributorId":105647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gantz","given":"Crysta","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X biota@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":166679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul","email":"biota@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel A.","contributorId":79372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hoff, Michael H.","contributorId":111519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keller, Reuben P.","contributorId":98637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mandrak, Nicholas E.","contributorId":177869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandrak","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Marchetti, Michael P.","contributorId":191469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marchetti","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Romagosa, Christina M.","contributorId":39661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romagosa","given":"Christina M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Lodge, David M.","contributorId":76622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70188885,"text":"70188885 - 2016 - Relationship between porphyry systems, crustal preservation levels, and amount of exploration in magmatic belts of the Central Tethys Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-05T18:14:09.239506","indexId":"70188885","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"8","title":"Relationship between porphyry systems, crustal preservation levels, and amount of exploration in magmatic belts of the Central Tethys Region","docAbstract":"Tectonic, geologic, geochemical, geochronologic, and ore deposit data from the U.S. Geological Survey-led assessment of 26 porphyry belts identified in the central Tethys region of Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran, western Pakistan, and southern Afghanistan relate porphyry mineralization to the tectonomagmatic evolution of the region and associated subduction and postsubduction processes. However, uplift, erosion, subsidence, and burial of porphyry systems, as well as post-mineral deformation, also played an essential role in shaping the observed metallogenic patterns.
We present a methodology that systematically evaluates the relationship between the level of erosion, the extent of cover, and the number of known porphyry occurrences in porphyry belts. Porphyry belts that exhibit coeval volcanic-to-plutonic rock aerial ratios between 33 and 66 and limited cover contain numerous identified porphyry occurrences. These belts are relatively well explored because porphyry systems are not eroded or buried. Porphyry belts with volcanic-to-plutonic ratios that are greater than 66, but are modestly covered, contain fewer identified porphyry occurrences. Current exploration in these belts is increasingly identifying porphyry systems under associated epithermal deposits. Porphyry belts that show volcanic-to-plutonic ratios that are greater than 66, but are extensively covered, contain few identified porphyry occurrences. These belts have not been extensively explored but have potential for discoveries under cover. Deformed porphyry belts exhibit variable volcanic-to-plutonic ratios that are typically below 33, but can be as high as 60. Commonly, these deformed belts are extensively covered. Exploration efforts for porphyry deposits in these variably exhumed belts have been limited.
Exploration has resulted in the identification of 62.7 million tonnes (Mt) of copper, 2.0 Mt of molybdenum, and 4.200 t of gold in the 45 porphyry deposits contained in the 26 porphyry belts of the region: (1) 54.7 Mt of copper (87% of total), 1.74 Mt of molybdenum (87%), and 3,370 t of gold (80%) occur in the 25 deposits of the four porphyry belts that exhibit coeval volcanic-to-plutonic ratios between 33 and 66 and limited cover; (2) 5.44 Mt of copper (9%), 0.148 Mt of molybdenum (7%), and 581 t of gold (14%) are contained in the 11 deposits of the 11 porphyry belts that display volcanic-to-plutonic ratios greater than 66 and modest cover; (3) 2.08 Mt of copper (3%), 0.110 Mt of molybdenum (6%), and 244 t of gold (6%) occur in the seven deposits of the three porphyry belts that have volcanic-to-plutonic ratios that are greater than 66 and extensive cover; and (4) 0.388 Mt of copper (1%), 0.006 Mt of molybdenum (<<1%), and 6 t of gold (<<1%) are contained in the two deposits of the eight deformed and covered porphyry belts with variable but typically low volcanic-to-plutonic ratios.
The central Tethys region is receiving considerable exploration attention. It hosts the Kadjaran (4.6 Mt Cu), Sungun (5.1 Mt Cu), Sar Cheshmeh (8.9 Mt Cu), and Reko Diq (23.0 Mt Cu) world-class porphyry deposits. Continued exploration for porphyry deposits in the region will likely lead to new discoveries in known porphyry belts, particularly under cover and below high- and intermediate-sulfidation epithermal systems.
Pacific Northwest salmonids are adapted to natural disturbance regimes that create dynamic habitat patterns over space and through time. However, human land use, particularly long-term fire suppression, has altered the intensity and frequency of wildfire in forested upland and riparian areas. To examine the potential impacts of wildfire on aquatic systems, we developed stream-reach-scale models of freshwater habitat for three life stages (adult, egg/fry, and juvenile) of spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Wenatchee River subbasin, Washington. We used variables representing pre- and post-fire habitat conditions and employed novel techniques to capture changes in in-stream fine sediment, wood, and water temperature. Watershed-scale comparisons of high-quality habitat for each life stage of spring Chinook salmon habitat suggested that there are smaller quantities of high-quality juvenile overwinter habitat as compared to habitat for other life stages. We found that wildfire has the potential to increase quality of adult and overwintering juvenile habitat through increased delivery of wood, while decreasing the quality of egg and fry habitat due to the introduction of fine sediments. Model results showed the largest effect of fire on habitat quality associated with the juvenile life stage, resulting in increases in high-quality habitat in all watersheds. Due to the limited availability of pre-fire high-quality juvenile habitat, and increased habitat quality for this life stage post-fire, occurrence of characteristic wildfires would likely create a positive effect on spring Chinook salmon habitat in the Wenatchee River subbasin. We also compared pre- and post-fire model results of freshwater habitat for each life stage, and for the geometric mean of habitat quality across all life stages, using current compared to the historic distribution of spring Chinook salmon. We found that spring Chinook salmon are currently distributed in stream channels in which in-stream habitat for most life stages has a consistently positive response to fire. This compares to the historic distribution of spring Chinook, in which in-stream habitat exhibited a variable response to fire, including decreases in habitat quality overall or for specific life stages. This suggests that as the distribution of spring Chinook has decreased, they now occupy those areas with the most positive potential response to fire. Our work shows the potentially positive link between wildfire and aquatic habitat that supports forest managers in setting broader goals for fire management, perhaps leading to less fire suppression in some situations.
\n\n
In reservoirs, seasonal drawdown can alter the physical environment and may influence predatory fish performance. We investigated the performance of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a western reservoir by coupling field measurements with visual foraging and bioenergetic models at four distinct states (early summer, mid-summer, late summer, and fall). The models suggested that lake trout prey, juvenile kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka), are limited seasonally by suitable temperature and dissolved oxygen. Accordingly, prey densities were greatest in late summer when reservoir volume was lowest and fish were concentrated by stratification. Prey encounter rates (up to 68 fish·day−1) and predator consumption are also predicted to be greatest during late summer. However, our models suggested that turbidity negatively correlates with prey detection and consumption across reservoir states. Under the most turbid conditions, lake trout did not meet physiological demands; however, during less turbid periods, predator consumption reached maximum bioenergetic efficiency. Overall, our findings demonstrate that rapid reservoir fluctuations and associated abiotic conditions can influence predator–prey interactions, and our models describe the potential impacts of water level fluctuation on valuable sport fishes.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2015-0008","usgsCitation":"Klobucar, S., and Budy, P., 2016, Consequences of seasonal variation in reservoir water level for predatory fishes: linking visual foraging and prey densities: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 73, no. 1, p. 53-64, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058204","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a6534e4b07657d1a11d44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klobucar, Stephen L.","contributorId":172291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klobucar","given":"Stephen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678 pbudy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":140028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra","email":"pbudy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":638095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173732,"text":"70173732 - 2016 - Predictive habitat models derived from nest-box occupancy for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in the southern Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T16:37:34.298687","indexId":"70173732","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive habitat models derived from nest-box occupancy for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in the southern Appalachians","docAbstract":"In the southern Appalachians, artificial nest-boxes are used to survey for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (CNFS; Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus), a disjunct subspecies associated with high elevation (>1385 m) forests. Using environmental parameters diagnostic of squirrel habitat, we created 35 a priori occupancy models in the program PRESENCE for boxes surveyed in western North Carolina, 1996-2011. Our best approximating model showed CNFS denning associated with sheltered landforms and montane conifers, primarily red spruce Picea rubens. As sheltering decreased, decreasing distance to conifers was important. Area with a high probability (>0.5) of occupancy was distributed over 18662 ha of habitat, mostly across 10 mountain ranges. Because nest-box surveys underrepresented areas >1750 m and CNFS forage in conifers, we combined areas of high occupancy with conifer GIS coverages to create an additional distribution model of likely habitat. Regionally, above 1385 m, we determined that 31795 ha could be occupied by CNFS. Known occupied patches ranged from
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/esr00662","usgsCitation":"Ford, W.M., Evans, A., Odom, R.H., Rodrigue, J.L., Kelly, C., Abaid, N., Diggins, C.A., and Newcomb, D., 2016, Predictive habitat models derived from nest-box occupancy for the endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel in the southern Appalachians: Endangered Species Research, v. 27, p. 131-140, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00662.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"140","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059397","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471393,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00662","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323393,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.7466335932305,\n 34.995648624137246\n ],\n [\n -78.94333487363758,\n 34.995648624137246\n ],\n [\n -78.94333487363758,\n 37.285370946434895\n ],\n [\n -84.7466335932305,\n 37.285370946434895\n ],\n [\n -84.7466335932305,\n 34.995648624137246\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9335e4b04f417c275176","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, A.M.","contributorId":20117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Odom, Richard H.","contributorId":171659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Odom","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodrigue, Jane L.","contributorId":150352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodrigue","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, C.A.","contributorId":72564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abaid, Nicole","contributorId":171663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abaid","given":"Nicole","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":171667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newcomb, Doug","contributorId":150080,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newcomb","given":"Doug","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17902,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service, Raleigh, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70176638,"text":"70176638 - 2016 - Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T16:00:51","indexId":"70176638","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction?","docAbstract":"The Canada Basin and the southern Alpha-Mendeleev ridge complex underlie a significant proportion of the Arctic Ocean, but the geology of this undrilled and mostly ice-covered frontier is poorly known. New information is encoded in seismic wide-angle reflections and refractions recorded with expendable sonobuoys between 2007 and 2011. Velocity–depth samples within the sedimentary succession are extracted from published analyses for 142 of these records obtained at irregularly spaced stations across an area of 1.9E + 06 km2. The samples are modelled at regional, subregional and station-specific scales using an exponential function of inverse velocity versus depth with regionally representative parameters determined through numerical regression. With this approach, smooth, non-oscillatory velocity–depth profiles can be generated for any desired location in the study area, even where the measurement density is low. Practical application is demonstrated with a map of sedimentary thickness, derived from seismic reflection horizons interpreted in the time domain and depth converted using the velocity–depth profiles for each seismic trace. A thickness of 12–13 km is present beneath both the upper Mackenzie fan and the middle slope off of Alaska, but the sedimentary prism thins more gradually outboard of the latter region. Mapping of the observed-to-predicted velocities reveals coherent geospatial trends associated with five subregions: the Mackenzie fan; the continental slopes beyond the Mackenzie fan; the abyssal plain; the southwestern Canada Basin; and, the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Comparison of the subregional velocity–depth models with published borehole data, and interpretation of the station-specific best-fitting model parameters, suggests that sandstone is not a predominant lithology in any of the five subregions. However, the bulk sand-to-shale ratio likely increases towards the Mackenzie fan, and the model for this subregion compares favourably with borehole data for Miocene turbidites in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The station-specific results also indicate that Quaternary sediments coarsen towards the Beaufort-Mackenzie and Banks Island margins in a manner that is consistent with the variable history of Laurentide Ice Sheet advance documented for these margins. Lithological factors do not fully account for the elevated velocity–depth trends that are associated with the southwestern Canada Basin and the Alpha-Mendeleev magnetic domain. Accelerated porosity reduction due to elevated palaeo-heat flow is inferred for these regions, which may be related to the underlying crustal types or possibly volcanic intrusion of the sedimentary succession. Beyond exploring the variation of an important physical property in the Arctic Ocean basin, this study provides comparative reference for global studies of seismic velocity, burial history, sedimentary compaction, seismic inversion and overpressure prediction, particularly in mudrock-dominated successions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Journals","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggv416","usgsCitation":"Shimeld, J., Li, Q., Chian, D., Lebedeva-Ivanova, N., Jackson, R., Mosher, D., and Hutchinson, D.R., 2016, Seismic velocities within the sedimentary succession of the Canada Basin and southern Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge, Arctic Ocean: evidence for accelerated porosity reduction?: Geophysical Journal International, v. 204, no. 1, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv416.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-064703","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv416","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"204","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6e6e4b0bc0bec09cbdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shimeld, John","contributorId":146869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimeld","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Qingmou","contributorId":174893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Qingmou","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chian, Deping","contributorId":174894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chian","given":"Deping","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lebedeva-Ivanova, Nina","contributorId":146870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebedeva-Ivanova","given":"Nina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jackson, Ruth","contributorId":36799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Ruth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mosher, David","contributorId":174895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70180405,"text":"70180405 - 2016 - Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T13:23:59","indexId":"70180405","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"title":"Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah","docAbstract":"Strategic planning is increasingly recognized as necessary for providing the greatest possible conservation benefits for restoration efforts. Rigorous, science-based resource assessment, combined with acknowledgement of broader basin trends, provides a solid foundation for determining effective projects. It is equally important that methods used to prioritize conservation investments are simple and practical enough that they can be implemented in a timely manner and by a variety of resource managers. With the help of local and regional natural resource professionals, we have developed a broad-scale, spatially-explicit assessment of 146 miles (~20,000 acres) of the Colorado River mainstem in Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah that will function as the basis for a systematic, practical approach to conservation planning and riparian restoration prioritization. For the assessment we have: 1) acquired, modified or created spatial datasets of Colorado River bottomland conditions; 2) synthesized those datasets into habitat suitability models and estimates of natural recovery potential, fire risk and relative cost; 3) investigated and described dominant ecosystem trends and human uses, and; 4) suggested site selection and prioritization approaches. Partner organizations (The Nature Conservancy, National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management and Utah Forestry Fire and State Lands) are using the assessment and datasets to identify and prioritize a suite of restoration actions to increase ecosystem resilience and improve habitat for bottomland species. Primary datasets include maps of bottomland cover types, bottomland extent, maps of areas inundated during high and low flow events, as well as locations of campgrounds, roads, fires, invasive vegetation treatment areas and other features. Assessment of conditions and trends in the project area entailed: 1) assemblage of existing data on geology, changes in stream flow, and predictions of future conditions; 2) identification of fish and wildlife species present and grouping species into Conservation Elements (CEs) based on habitat needs, and: 3) acquisition, review and creation of spatial datasets characterizing vegetation, fluvial geomorphic and human features within the bottomland. Interpretation of aerial imagery and assimilation of pre-existing spatial data were central to our efforts in characterizing resources conditions. Detailed maps of vegetation and channel habitat features in the project area were generated from true color, high resolution (0.3m) imagery flown September 16, 2010. We also mapped channel habitat features at high flow on 1.0-m resolution, publicly available, true color imagery. We obtained additional layers such as land ownership, roads, fire history, non-native vegetation treatment areas, and recreational use features from public sources and project partners. Habitat suitability models were created for groups of terrestrial species by combining spatial datasets with the habitat needs of conservation elements, guided by literature, where available, and extensive use of expert knowledge. Conservation elements for endangered fish species life stages were identified but not modeled. Terrestrial CE’s included: • Riparian Overstory -yellow-billed cuckoo, Bullock’s oriole, black-headed grosbeak, blue grosbeak, warbling vireo, Cooper's hawk, screech owl, saw-whet owl, and bald eagle, (best: tall trees, dense canopy, diverse shrub understory, no tamarisk); • Riparian Understory - southwestern willow flycatcher, common yellowthroat, yellow warbler, yellow-breasted chat, beaver, northern river otter, black-necked garter snake, (best: dense mesic shrubs near still water, no tamarisk); • Bat Feeding - Allen's big-eared bat, Townsend's big-eared bat, fringed myotis, Yuma myotis, big free-tailed bat, spotted bat (best: diverse vegetation, close to still water); • Bat Watering - big free-tailed and spotted bats (best: still water with no tall vegetation); •
","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Mesa University","usgsCitation":"Christine Rasmussen, and Shafroth, P.B., 2016, Conservation planning for the Colorado River in Utah, 94 p. .","productDescription":"94 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-079063","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334302,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.coloradomesa.edu/water-center/documents/rasmussen_shaftroth_2016_watercenter_cmu.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 39.15136267949029\n ],\n [\n -109.3304443359375,\n 38.94659331893374\n ],\n [\n -109.79187011718749,\n 38.49229419236133\n ],\n [\n -110.489501953125,\n 37.913867495923746\n ],\n [\n -110.93994140625,\n 37.37015718405753\n ],\n [\n -110.89599609375,\n 37.17782559332976\n ],\n [\n -110.269775390625,\n 37.735969208590504\n ],\n [\n -109.44580078125,\n 38.453588708941375\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -109.06677246093749,\n 39.15136267949029\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a6c833e4b025c464286292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christine Rasmussen","contributorId":178920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christine Rasmussen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70176525,"text":"70176525 - 2016 - Non-linear responses of glaciated prairie wetlands to climate warming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:11:51","indexId":"70176525","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Non-linear responses of glaciated prairie wetlands to climate warming","docAbstract":"The response of ecosystems to climate warming is likely to include threshold events when small changes in key environmental drivers produce large changes in an ecosystem. Wetlands of the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) are especially sensitive to climate variability, yet the possibility that functional changes may occur more rapidly with warming than expected has not been examined or modeled. The productivity and biodiversity of these wetlands are strongly controlled by the speed and completeness of a vegetation cover cycle driven by the wet and dry extremes of climate. Two thresholds involving duration and depth of standing water must be exceeded every few decades or so to complete the cycle and to produce highly functional wetlands. Model experiments at 19 weather stations employing incremental warming scenarios determined that wetland function across most of the PPR would be diminished beyond a climate warming of about 1.5–2.0 °C, a critical temperature threshold range identified in other climate change studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10584-015-1534-8","usgsCitation":"Johnson, W., Werner, B., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 2016, Non-linear responses of glaciated prairie wetlands to climate warming: Climatic Change, v. 134, no. 1, p. 209-223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1534-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"223","ipdsId":"IP-066806","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328763,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 42.35854391749705\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 46.164614496897094\n ],\n [\n -95.6689453125,\n 48.37084770238363\n ],\n [\n -97.5146484375,\n 50.20503326494332\n ],\n [\n -105.205078125,\n 52.74959372674114\n ],\n [\n -111.884765625,\n 54.265224078605655\n ],\n [\n -111.9287109375,\n 50.3454604086048\n ],\n [\n -105.77636718749999,\n 47.931066347509784\n ],\n [\n -99.36035156249999,\n 42.94033923363183\n ],\n [\n -95.185546875,\n 42.16340342422401\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 42.35854391749705\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"134","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6e6e4b0bc0bec09cbe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, W. Carter","contributorId":17548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"W. Carter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werner, Brett","contributorId":47073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Brett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193166,"text":"70193166 - 2016 - A GIS model of habitat suitability for Solanum conocarpum (Solanaceae) in St. John, US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T15:42:39","indexId":"70193166","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5533,"text":"Caribbean Naturalist","onlineIssn":"2326-7119","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A GIS model of habitat suitability for Solanum conocarpum (Solanaceae) in St. John, US Virgin Islands","title":"A GIS model of habitat suitability for Solanum conocarpum (Solanaceae) in St. John, US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"Solanum conocarpum (Solanaceae) (Marron Bacora) is a rare, dry-forest shrub endemic to the island of St. John, US Virgin Islands, considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act. Given its status as a species of conservation concern, we incorporated environmental characteristics of 3 observed populations and 5 additional known locations into a geographic information system (GIS) analysis to create a habitat-suitability model for the species on the island of St. John. Our model identified 1929.87 ha of highly suitable and moderately suitable habitat. Of these, 1161.20 ha (60.2%) occurred within the boundaries of Virgin Islands National Park. Our model provides spatial information on potential locations for future surveys and restoration sites for this endemic species of the US Virgin Islands.
","language":"English","publisher":"Caribbean Naturalist","usgsCitation":"Palumbo, M.D., Fleming, J.P., Monsegur, O.A., and Vilella, F., 2016, A GIS model of habitat suitability for Solanum conocarpum (Solanaceae) in St. John, US Virgin Islands: Caribbean Naturalist, v. 36, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-078831","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd88e4b06e28e9c24faf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palumbo, Matthew D.","contributorId":146265,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palumbo","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Jonathan P.","contributorId":200629,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Monsegur, Omar A.","contributorId":200630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monsegur","given":"Omar","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190332,"text":"70190332 - 2016 - Fire in the Earth System: Bridging data and modeling research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T17:20:10","indexId":"70190332","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1112,"text":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","onlineIssn":"1520-0477","printIssn":"0003-0007","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire in the Earth System: Bridging data and modeling research","docAbstract":"Significant changes in wildfire occurrence, extent, and severity in areas such as western North America and Indonesia in 2015 have made the issue of fire increasingly salient in both the public and scientific spheres. Biomass combustion rapidly transforms land cover, smoke pours into the atmosphere, radiative heat from fires initiates dramatic pyrocumulus clouds, and the repeated ecological and atmospheric effects of fire can even impact regional and global climate. Furthermore, fires have a significant impact on human health, livelihoods, and social and economic systems.
Modeling and databased methods to understand fire have rapidly coevolved over the past decade. Satellite and ground-based data about present-day fire are widely available for applications in research and fire management. Fire modeling has developed in part because of the evolution in vegetation and Earth system modeling efforts, but parameterizations and validation are largely focused on the present day because of the availability of satellite data. Charcoal deposits in sediment cores have emerged as a powerful method to evaluate trends in biomass burning extending back to the Last Glacial Maximum and beyond, and these records provide a context for present-day fire. The Global Charcoal Database version 3 compiled about 700 charcoal records and more than 1,000 records are expected for the future version 4. Together, these advances offer a pathway to explore how the strengths of fire data and fire modeling could address the weaknesses in the overall understanding of human-climate–fire linkages.
A community of researchers studying fire in the Earth system with individual expertise that included paleoecology, paleoclimatology, modern ecology, archaeology, climate, and Earth system modeling, statistics, geography, biogeochemistry, and atmospheric science met at an intensive workshop in Massachusetts to explore new research directions and initiate new collaborations. Research themes, which emerged from the workshop participants via preworkshop surveys, focused on addressing the following questions: What are the climatic, ecological, and human drivers of fire regimes, both past and future? What is the role of humans in shaping historical fire regimes? How does fire ecology affect land cover changes, biodiversity, carbon storage, and human land uses? What are the historical fire trends and their impacts across biomes? Are their impacts local and/or regional? Are the fire trends in the last two decades unprecedented from a historical perspective? The workshop1 aimed to develop testable hypotheses about fire, climate, vegetation, and human interactions by leveraging the confluence of proxy, observational, and model data related to decadal- to millennial-scale fire activity on our planet. New research directions focused on broad interdisciplinary approaches to highlight how knowledge about past fire activity could provide a more complete understanding of the predictive capacity of fire models and inform fire policy in the face of our changing climate.
","largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS)","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00319.1","usgsCitation":"Hantson, S., Kloster, S., Coughlan, M., Daniau, A., Vanniere, B., Bruecher, T., Kehrwald, N.M., and Magi, B.I., 2016, Fire in the Earth System: Bridging data and modeling research: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, v. 97, no. 6, p. 1069-1072, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00319.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1069","endPage":"1072","ipdsId":"IP-071531","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-15-00319.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345161,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a288c9e4b077f0056692b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hantson, Srijn","contributorId":195866,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hantson","given":"Srijn","affiliations":[{"id":34430,"text":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloster, Silvia","contributorId":195867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kloster","given":"Silvia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32387,"text":"Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coughlan, Michael","contributorId":168920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coughlan","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25390,"text":"Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniau, Anne-Laure","contributorId":195869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Daniau","given":"Anne-Laure","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34431,"text":"Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vanniere, Boris","contributorId":195870,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vanniere","given":"Boris","affiliations":[{"id":34432,"text":"Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruecher, Tim","contributorId":195871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruecher","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34427,"text":"GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kehrwald, Natalie M. 0000-0002-9160-2239 nkehrwald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2239","contributorId":168918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kehrwald","given":"Natalie","email":"nkehrwald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Magi, Brian I.","contributorId":168923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magi","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":25392,"text":"Department of Geography and Earth Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, North Carolina, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70191522,"text":"70191522 - 2016 - Estimating abundance: Chapter 27","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-30T12:58:43","indexId":"70191522","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimating abundance: Chapter 27","docAbstract":"This chapter provides a non-technical overview of ‘closed population capture–recapture’ models, a class of well-established models that are widely applied in ecology, such as removal sampling, covariate models, and distance sampling. These methods are regularly adopted for studies of reptiles, in order to estimate abundance from counts of marked individuals while accounting for imperfect detection. Thus, the chapter describes some classic closed population models for estimating abundance, with considerations for some recent extensions that provide a spatial context for the estimation of abundance, and therefore density. Finally, the chapter suggests some software for use in data analysis, such as the Windows-based program MARK, and provides an example of estimating abundance and density of reptiles using an artificial cover object survey of Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reptile ecology and conservation: A handbook of techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726135.003.0027","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., 2016, Estimating abundance: Chapter 27, chap. of Reptile ecology and conservation: A handbook of techniques, p. 388-401, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726135.003.0027.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-066002","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd88e4b06e28e9c24fdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":138865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":712610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192536,"text":"70192536 - 2016 - A simple prioritization tool to diagnose impairment of stream temperature for coldwater fishes in the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T09:40:19","indexId":"70192536","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A simple prioritization tool to diagnose impairment of stream temperature for coldwater fishes in the Great Basin","docAbstract":"We provide a simple framework for diagnosing the impairment of stream water temperature for coldwater fishes across broad spatial extents based on a weight-of-evidence approach that integrates biological criteria, species distribution models, and geostatistical models of stream temperature. As a test case, we applied our approach to identify stream reaches most likely to be thermally impaired for Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi in the upper Reese River, located in the northern Great Basin, Nevada. We first evaluated the capability of stream thermal regime descriptors to explain variation across 170 sites, and we found that the 7-d moving average of daily maximum stream temperatures (7DADM) provided minimal among-descriptor redundancy and, based on an upper threshold of 20°C, was also a good indicator of acute and chronic thermal stress. Next, we quantified the range of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout within our study area using a geographic distribution model. Finally, we used a geostatistical model to assess spatial variation in 7DADM and predict potential thermal impairment at the stream reach scale. We found that whereas 38% of reaches in our study area exceeded a 7DADM of 20°C and 35% were significantly warmer than predicted, only 17% both exceeded the biological criterion and were significantly warmer than predicted. This filtering allowed us to identify locations where physical and biological impairment were most likely within the network and that would represent the highest management priorities. Although our approach lacks the precision of more comprehensive approaches, it provides a broader context for diagnosing impairment and is a useful means of identifying priorities for more detailed evaluations across broad and heterogeneous stream networks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2015.1115449","usgsCitation":"Falke, J.A., Dunham, J., Hockman-Wert, D., and Pahl, R.A., 2016, A simple prioritization tool to diagnose impairment of stream temperature for coldwater fishes in the Great Basin: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 1, p. 147-160, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2015.1115449.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-057867","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471386,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Simple_Prioritization_Tool_to_Diagnose_Impairment_of_Stream_Temperature_for_Coldwater_Fishes_in_the_Great_Basin/2069493","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","volume":"36","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ea76e4b09af898c8cc8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. jdunham@usgs.gov","contributorId":147527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hockman-Wert, David 0000-0003-2436-6237 dhockman-wert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-6237","contributorId":3891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hockman-Wert","given":"David","email":"dhockman-wert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pahl, Randy A.","contributorId":198468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pahl","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70196351,"text":"70196351 - 2016 - Estimating abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T11:48:19","indexId":"70196351","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Estimating abundance","docAbstract":"This chapter provides a non-technical overview of ‘closed population capture–recapture’ models, a class of well-established models that are widely applied in ecology, such as removal sampling, covariate models, and distance sampling. These methods are regularly adopted for studies of reptiles, in order to estimate abundance from counts of marked individuals while accounting for imperfect detection. Thus, the chapter describes some classic closed population models for estimating abundance, with considerations for some recent extensions that provide a spatial context for the estimation of abundance, and therefore density. Finally, the chapter suggests some software for use in data analysis, such as the Windows-based program MARK, and provides an example of estimating abundance and density of reptiles using an artificial cover object survey of Slow Worms (Anguis fragilis).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reptile ecology and conservation: A handbook of techniques","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726135.003.0027","usgsCitation":"Sutherland, C., and Royle, A., 2016, Estimating abundance, chap. of Reptile ecology and conservation: A handbook of techniques, p. 388-401, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198726135.003.0027.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"401","ipdsId":"IP-070653","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeea4be4b0da30c1bfc5dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutherland, Chris","contributorId":150670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Chris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":146229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":732535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192760,"text":"70192760 - 2016 - Recent and possible future variations in the North American Monsoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T11:09:39","indexId":"70192760","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Recent and possible future variations in the North American Monsoon","docAbstract":"The dynamics and recent and possible future changes of the June–September rainfall associated with the North American Monsoon (NAM) are reviewed in this chapter. Our analysis as well as previous analyses of the trend in June–September precipitation from 1948 until 2010 indicate significant precipitation increases over New Mexico and the core NAM region, and significant precipitation decreases over southwest Mexico. The trends in June–September precipitation have been forced by anomalous cyclonic circulation centered at 15°N latitude over the eastern Pacific Ocean. The anomalous cyclonic circulation is responsible for changes in the flux of moisture and the divergence of moisture flux within the core NAM region. Future climate projections using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), support the observed analyses of a later shift in the monsoon season in the presence of increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere under the RCP8.5 scenario. The CMIP5 models under the RCP8.5 scenario predict significant NAM-related rainfall decreases during June and July and predict significant NAM-related rainfall increases during September and October.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The monsoons and climate change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-21650-8_7","isbn":"978-3-319-21649-2","usgsCitation":"Hoell, A., Funk, C., Barlow, M., and Shukla, S., 2016, Recent and possible future variations in the North American Monsoon, chap. of The monsoons and climate change, p. 149-162, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21650-8_7.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"162","ipdsId":"IP-062073","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350130,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fd88e4b06e28e9c24fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Chris 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":167070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Chris","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Mathew","contributorId":145834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlow","given":"Mathew","affiliations":[{"id":16250,"text":"University of Massechusetts, Lowell","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shukla, Shraddhanand","contributorId":140735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shukla","given":"Shraddhanand","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13549,"text":"UC Santa Barbara Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192079,"text":"70192079 - 2016 - Testing and use of radar water level sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T13:29:43","indexId":"70192079","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Testing and use of radar water level sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"The United States Geological Survey uses water-level (or stage) measurements to compute streamflow at over 8000 stream gaging stations located throughout the United States (waterwatch.usgs.gov, 2016). Streamflow (or discharge) is computed at five minute to hourly intervals from a relationship between water level and discharge that is uniquely determined for each station. The discharges are posted hourly to WaterWatch (waterwatch. usgs.gov) and are used by water managers to issue flood warnings and manage water supply and by other users of water information to make decisions. The accuracy of the water-level measurement is vital to the accuracy of the computed discharge. Because of the importance of water-level measurements, USGS has an accuracy policy of 0.02 ft or 0.2 percent of reading (whichever is larger) (Sauer and Turnipseed, 2010). Older technologies, such as float and shaft-encoder systems, bubbler systems and submersible pressure sensors, provide the needed accuracy but often require extensive construction to install and are prone to malfunctioning and damage from floating debris and sediment. No stilling wells or orifice lines need to be constructed for radar installations. During the last decade testing by the USGS Hydrologic Instrumentation Facility(HIF) found that radar water-level sensors can provide the needed accuracy for water-level measurements and because the sensor can be easily attached to bridges, reduce the construction required for installation. Additionally, the non-contact sensing of water level minimizes or eliminates damage and fouling from floating debris and sediment. This article is a brief summary of the testing efforts by the USGS HIF and field experiences with models of radar water-level sensors in streamflow measurement applications. Any use of trade names in this article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual on sea level: Measurement and interpretation Volume V: Radar gauges","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 2016, Testing and use of radar water level sensors by the U.S. Geological Survey, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"124","ipdsId":"IP-072695","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346989,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002469/246981E.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeea4ce4b0da30c1bfc5eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175033,"text":"70175033 - 2016 - Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-28T10:03:33","indexId":"70175033","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA","docAbstract":"In the Sierra Nevada mountains (USA), and geographically similar areas across the globe where human development is expanding, extreme winter storm and flood risks are expected to increase with changing climate, heightening the need for communities to assess risks and better prepare for such events. In this case study, we demonstrate a novel approach to examining extreme winter storm and flood risks. We incorporated high-resolution atmospheric–hydrologic modeling of the ARkStorm extreme winter storm scenario with multiple modes of engagement with practitioners, including a series of facilitated discussions and a tabletop emergency management exercise, to develop a regional assessment of extreme storm vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the greater Lake Tahoe region of Northern Nevada and California, USA. Through this process, practitioners discussed issues of concern across all phases of the emergency management life cycle, including preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation. Interruption of transportation, communications, and interagency coordination were among the most pressing concerns, and specific approaches for addressing these issues were identified, including prepositioning resources, diversifying communications systems, and improving coordination among state, tribal, and public utility practitioners. Science needs included expanding real-time monitoring capabilities to improve the precision of meteorological models and enhance situational awareness, assessing vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, and conducting cost–benefit analyses to assess opportunities to improve both natural and human-made infrastructure to better withstand extreme storms. Our approach and results can be used to support both land use and emergency planning activities aimed toward increasing community resilience to extreme winter storm hazards in mountainous regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11069-015-2003-4","usgsCitation":"Albano, C.M., Dettinger, M.D., McCarthy, M., Schaller, K.D., Wellborn, T., and Cox, D.A., 2016, Application of an extreme winter storm scenario to identify vulnerabilities, mitigation options, and science needs in the Sierra Nevada mountains, USA: Natural Hazards, v. 80, no. 2, p. 879-900, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2003-4.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"879","endPage":"900","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-068894","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325768,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579b2cace4b0589fa1c98090","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albano, Christine M.","contributorId":169455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Albano","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCarthy, Maureen","contributorId":149897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Maureen","affiliations":[{"id":12742,"text":"University of Nevada Reno","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaller, Kevin D.","contributorId":173217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wellborn, Toby","contributorId":173203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wellborn","given":"Toby","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27191,"text":"USGS, NV WSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":643666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cox, Dale A. dacox@usgs.gov","contributorId":165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Dale","email":"dacox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179257,"text":"70179257 - 2016 - Viral lysis of photosynthesizing microbes as a mechanism for calcium carbonate nucleation in seawater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-30T12:48:29","indexId":"70179257","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1702,"text":"Frontiers in Microbiology","onlineIssn":"1664-302X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viral lysis of photosynthesizing microbes as a mechanism for calcium carbonate nucleation in seawater","docAbstract":"Removal of carbon through the precipitation and burial of calcium carbonate in marine sediments constitutes over 70% of the total carbon on Earth and is partitioned between coastal and pelagic zones. The precipitation of authigenic calcium carbonate in seawater, however, has been hotly debated because despite being in a supersaturated state, there is an absence of persistent precipitation. One of the explanations for this paradox is the geochemical conditions in seawater cannot overcome the activation energy barrier for the first step in any precipitation reaction; nucleation. Here we show that virally induced rupturing of photosynthetic cyanobacterial cells releases cytoplasmic-associated bicarbonate at concentrations ~23-fold greater than in the surrounding seawater, thereby shifting the carbonate chemistry toward the homogenous nucleation of one or more of the calcium carbonate polymorphs. Using geochemical reaction energetics, we show the saturation states (Ω) in typical seawater for calcite (Ω = 4.3), aragonite (Ω = 3.1), and vaterite (Ω = 1.2) are significantly elevated following the release and diffusion of the cytoplasmic bicarbonate (Ωcalcite = 95.7; Ωaragonite = 68.5; Ωvaterite = 25.9). These increases in Ω significantly reduce the activation energy for nuclei formation thresholds for all three polymorphs, but only vaterite nucleation is energetically favored. In the post-lysis seawater, vaterite's nuclei formation activation energy is significantly reduced from 1.85 × 10−17 J to 3.85 × 10−20 J, which increases the nuclei formation rate from highly improbable (<<1.0 nuclei cm−3 s−1) to instantaneous (8.60 × 1025 nuclei cm−3 s−1). The proposed model for homogenous nucleation of calcium carbonate in seawater describes a mechanism through which the initial step in the production of carbonate sediments may proceed. It also presents an additional role of photosynthesizing microbes and their viruses in marine carbon cycles and reveals these microorganisms are a collective repository for concentrated and reactive dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) that is currently not accounted for in global carbon budgets and carbonate sediment diagenesis models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Frontiers","doi":"10.3389/fmicb.2016.01958","usgsCitation":"Lisle, J.T., and Robbins, L.L., 2016, Viral lysis of photosynthesizing microbes as a mechanism for calcium carbonate nucleation in seawater: Frontiers in Microbiology, v. 7, Article 1958; 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01958.","productDescription":"Article 1958; 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-061591","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01958","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":352777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeea5ae4b0da30c1bfc605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lisle, John T. 0000-0002-5447-2092 jlisle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2092","contributorId":2944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"John","email":"jlisle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}