Indian Creek is one of the most urban drainage basins in Johnson County, Kansas, and environmental and biological conditions of the creek are affected by contaminants from point and other urban sources. The Johnson County Douglas L. Smith Middle Basin (hereafter referred to as the “Middle Basin”) and Tomahawk Creek Wastewater Treatment Facilities (WWTFs) discharge to Indian Creek. In summer 2010, upgrades were completed to increase capacity and include biological nutrient removal at the Middle Basin facility. There have been no recent infrastructure changes at the Tomahawk Creek facility; however, during 2009, chemically enhanced primary treatment was added to the treatment process for better process settling before disinfection and discharge with the added effect of enhanced phosphorus removal. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Johnson County Wastewater, assessed the effects of wastewater effluent on environmental and biological conditions of Indian Creek by comparing two upstream sites to four sites located downstream from the WWTFs using data collected during June 2004 through June 2013. Environmental conditions were evaluated using previously and newly collected discrete and continuous data and were compared with an assessment of biological community composition and ecosystem function along the upstream-downstream gradient. This study improves the understanding of the effects of wastewater effluent on stream-water and streambed sediment quality, biological community composition, and ecosystem function in urban areas.
\nAfter the addition of biological nutrient removal to the Middle Basin WWTF in 2010, annual mean total nitrogen concentrations in effluent decreased by 46 percent, but still exceeded the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) wastewater effluent permit concentration goal of 8.0 milligrams per liter (mg/L); however, the NPDES wastewater effluent permit total phosphorus concentration goal of 1.5 mg/L or less was achieved at the Middle Basin WWTF. At the Tomahawk Creek WWTF, after the addition of chemically enhanced primary treatment in 2009, effluent discharges also had total phosphorus concentrations below 1.5 mg/L. After the addition of biological nutrient removal, annual total nitrogen and phosphorus loads from the Middle Basin WWTF decreased by 42 and 54 percent, respectively, even though effluent volume increased by 11 percent. Annual total phosphorus loads from the Tomahawk Creek WWTF after the addition of chemically enhanced primary treatment decreased by 54 percent despite a 33-percent increase in effluent volume.
\nTotal nitrogen and phosphorus from the WWTFs contributed between 30 and nearly 100 percent to annual nutrient loads in Indian Creek depending on streamflow conditions. In-stream total nitrogen primarily came from wastewater effluent except during years with the highest streamflows. Most of the in-stream total phosphorus typically came from effluent during dry years and from other urban sources during wet years. During 2010 through 2013, annual mean discharge from the Middle Basin WWTF was about 75 percent of permitted design capacity. Annual nutrient loads likely will increase when the facility is operated at permitted design capacity; however, estimated maximum annual nutrient loads from the Middle Basin WWTF were 27 to 38 percent lower than before capacity upgrades and the addition of biological nutrient removal to treatment processes. Thus, the addition of biological nutrient removal to the Middle Basin wastewater treatment process should reduce overall nutrient loads from the facility even when the facility is operated at permitted design capacity.
\nThe effects of wastewater effluent on the water quality of Indian Creek were most evident during below-normal and normal streamflows (about 75 percent of the time) when wastewater effluent represented about 24 percent or more of total streamflow. Wastewater effluent had the most substantial effect on nutrient concentrations in Indian Creek. Total and inorganic nutrient concentrations at the downstream sites during below-normal and normal streamflows were 10 to 100 times higher than at the upstream sites, even after changes in treatment practices at the WWTFs. Median total phosphorus concentrations during below-normal and normal streamflows at a downstream site were 43 percent lower following improvements in wastewater treatment processes. Similar decreases in total nitrogen were not observed, likely because total nitrogen concentrations only decreased in Middle Basin effluent and wastewater contributed a higher percentage to streamflows when nutrient samples were collected during the after-upgrade period.
\nThe wastewater effluent discharges to Indian Creek caused changes in stream-water quality that may affect biological community structure and ecosystem processes, including higher concentrations of bioavailable nutrients (nitrate and orthophosphorus) and warmer water temperatures during winter months. Other urban sources of contaminants also caused changes in stream-water quality that may affect biological community structure and ecosystem processes, including higher turbidities downstream from construction areas and higher specific conductance and chloride concentrations during winter months. Chloride concentrations exceeded acute and chronic exposure criteria at all Indian Creek study sites, regardless of wastewater influence, for weeks or months during winter. Streambed sediment chemistry was affected by wastewater (elevated nutrient and organic wastewater-indicator compound concentrations) and other contaminants from urban sources (elevated polyaromatic hydrocarbon concentrations). Overall habitat conditions were suboptimal or marginal at all sites; general decline in habitat conditions along the upstream-downstream gradient likely was caused by the cumulative effects of urbanization with increasing drainage basin size.
\nWastewater effluent likely affected algal periphyton biomass and community composition, primary production, and community respiration in Indian Creek. Functional stream health, evaluated using a preliminary framework based on primary production and community respiration, was mildly or severely impaired at most downstream sites relative to an urban upstream Indian Creek site. The mechanistic cause of the changes in these biological variables are unclear, though elevated nutrient concentrations were positively correlated with algal biomass, primary production, and community respiration. Macroinvertebrate communities indicated impairment at all sites, and Kansas Department of Health and Environment aquatic life support scores indicated conditions nonsupporting of aquatic life, regardless of wastewater influences. Urban influences, other than wastewater effluent discharge, likely control macroinvertebrate community structure in Indian Creek.
\nChanges in treatment processes at the Middle Basin and Tomahawk Creek WWTFs improved wastewater effluent quality and decreased nutrient loads, but wastewater effluent discharges still had negative effects on the environmental and biological conditions at downstream Indian Creek sites. Wastewater effluent discharge into Indian Creek likely contributed to changes in measures of ecosystem structure (streamflow, water and streambed-sediment chemistry, algal biomass, and algal periphyton community composition) and function (primary production and community respiration) along the upstream-downstream gradient. Wastewater effluent discharges maintained streamflows and increased nutrient concentrations, algal biomass, primary production, and community respiration at the downstream sites. Functional stream health was severely impaired downstream from the Middle Basin WWTF and mildly impaired downstream from the Tomahawk WWTF relative to the urban upstream site. As distance from the Middle Basin WWTF increased, nutrient concentrations, algal biomass, primary production, and community respiration decreased, and functional stream health was no longer impaired 9.5 kilometers downstream from the discharge relative to the urban upstream site. Therefore, although wastewater effluent caused persistent changes in environmental and biological conditions and functional stream health at sites located immediately downstream from WWTF effluent discharges, some recovery to conditions more similar to the urban upstream site occurred within a relatively short distance.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145187","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Johnson County Wastewater","usgsCitation":"Graham, J.L., Stone, M.L., Rasmussen, T.J., Foster, G., Poulton, B.C., Paxson, C.R., and Harris, T.D., 2014, Effects of wastewater effluent discharge and treatment facility upgrades on environmental and biological conditions of Indian Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, June 2004 through June 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5187, Report: x, 78 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145187.","productDescription":"Report: x, 78 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"92","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-06-01","temporalEnd":"2013-06-30","ipdsId":"IP-056292","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294714,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145187.jpg"},{"id":294713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5187/pdf/sir2014-5187.pdf"},{"id":294712,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5187/downloads/sir2014-5187_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":294705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5187/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ce4b092f17defc4f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Mandy L. 0000-0002-6711-1536 mstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-1536","contributorId":4409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Mandy","email":"mstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rasmussen, Teresa J. 0000-0002-7023-3868 rasmuss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7023-3868","contributorId":3336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Teresa","email":"rasmuss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Foster, Guy M. gfoster@usgs.gov","contributorId":3437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Guy M.","email":"gfoster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":502073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poulton, Barry C. 0000-0002-7219-4911 bpoulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-4911","contributorId":2421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poulton","given":"Barry","email":"bpoulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paxson, Chelsea R. cpaxson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paxson","given":"Chelsea","email":"cpaxson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":502076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, Theodore D. 0000-0003-0944-8007 tdharris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-8007","contributorId":4040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Theodore","email":"tdharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70133431,"text":"70133431 - 2014 - An online database for informing ecological network models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T20:13:54.126154","indexId":"70133431","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An online database for informing ecological network models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu","docAbstract":"Ecological network models and analyses are recognized as valuable tools for understanding the dynamics and resiliency of ecosystems, and for informing ecosystem-based approaches to management. However, few databases exist that can provide the life history, demographic and species interaction information necessary to parameterize ecological network models. Faced with the difficulty of synthesizing the information required to construct models for kelp forest ecosystems along the West Coast of North America, we developed an online database (http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu/) to facilitate the collation and dissemination of such information. Many of the database's attributes are novel yet the structure is applicable and adaptable to other ecosystem modeling efforts. Information for each taxonomic unit includes stage-specific life history, demography, and body-size allometries. Species interactions include trophic, competitive, facilitative, and parasitic forms. Each data entry is temporally and spatially explicit. The online data entry interface allows researchers anywhere to contribute and access information. Quality control is facilitated by attributing each entry to unique contributor identities and source citations. The database has proven useful as an archive of species and ecosystem-specific information in the development of several ecological network models, for informing management actions, and for education purposes (e.g., undergraduate and graduate training). To facilitate adaptation of the database by other researches for other ecosystems, the code and technical details on how to customize this database and apply it to other ecosystems are freely available and located at the following link (https://github.com/kelpforest-cameo/databaseui).
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0109356","usgsCitation":"Beas-Luna, R., Novak, M., Carr, M.H., Tinker, M.T., Black, A., Caselle, J.E., Hoban, M., Malone, D., and Iles, A.C., 2014, An online database for informing ecological network models: http://kelpforest.ucsc.edu: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 10, e109356, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109356.","productDescription":"e109356, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060035","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109356","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c75e8e4b0f4a3478a60dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beas-Luna, Rodrigo","contributorId":127447,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beas-Luna","given":"Rodrigo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Novak, Mark","contributorId":45229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Novak","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carr, Mark H.","contributorId":127448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carr","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinker, M. 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Analytical results of 87 VOC compounds were screened by evaluating the occurrence and detection levels in both water and air, and equilibrium concentrations in water (Cws) based on the measured air concentrations. Four compounds (acetone, methyl tertiary butyl ether, toluene, and m- & p-xylene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples, in more than 10% of air samples, and more than 10% of detections in air were greater than long-term method detection levels (LTMDL) in water. Benzene was detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Two percent of benzene detections in air were greater than one-half the LTMDL in water. Six compounds (chloroform, p-isopropyltoluene, methylene chloride, perchloroethene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichloroethene) were detected in more than 20% of water samples and in more than 10% of air samples. Five VOCs, toluene, m- & p-xylene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), acetone, and benzene were identified as having sufficiently high concentrations in the atmosphere to be a source to urban streams. MTBE, acetone, and benzene exhibited behavior that was consistent with equilibrium concentrations in the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12181","usgsCitation":"Kenner, S.J., Bender, D.A., Zogorski, J.S., James F. Pankow, and James F. Pankow, 2014, The atmosphere can be a source of certain water soluble volatile organic compounds in urban streams: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 5, p. 1124-1137, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12181.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1124","endPage":"1137","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009189","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/chem_fac/94","text":"External Repository"},{"id":296053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d63ee4b04d4b7dbd66b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kenner, Scott J.","contributorId":6472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenner","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":524956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bender, David A. 0000-0002-1269-0948 dabender@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-0948","contributorId":985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"David","email":"dabender@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":524958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"James F. 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Pankow","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70127669,"text":"70127669 - 2014 - Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T12:27:59","indexId":"70127669","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots","docAbstract":"Whether the fraction of total forest biomass distributed in roots, stems, or leaves varies systematically across geographic gradients remains unknown despite its importance for understanding forest ecology and modeling global carbon cycles. It has been hypothesized that plants should maintain proportionally more biomass in the organ that acquires the most limiting resource. Accordingly, we hypothesize greater biomass distribution in roots and less in stems and foliage in increasingly arid climates and in colder environments at high latitudes. Such a strategy would increase uptake of soil water in dry conditions and of soil nutrients in cold soils, where they are at low supply and are less mobile. We use a large global biomass dataset (>6,200 forests from 61 countries, across a 40 °C gradient in mean annual temperature) to address these questions. Climate metrics involving temperature were better predictors of biomass partitioning than those involving moisture availability, because, surprisingly, fractional distribution of biomass to roots or foliage was unrelated to aridity. In contrast, in increasingly cold climates, the proportion of total forest biomass in roots was greater and in foliage was smaller for both angiosperm and gymnosperm forests. These findings support hypotheses about adaptive strategies of forest trees to temperature and provide biogeographically explicit relationships to improve ecosystem and earth system models. They also will allow, for the first time to our knowledge, representations of root carbon pools that consider biogeographic differences, which are useful for quantifying whole-ecosystem carbon stocks and cycles and for assessing the impact of climate change on forest carbon dynamics.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences of the United Sates of America","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1216053111","usgsCitation":"Reich, P.B., Lou, Y., Bradford, J.B., Poorter, H., Perry, C.H., and Oleksyn, J., 2014, Temperature drives global patterns in forest biomass distribution in leaves, stems, and roots: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 111, no. 38, p. 13721-13726, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216053111.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"13721","endPage":"13726","ipdsId":"IP-043943","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472714,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216053111","text":"External Repository"},{"id":294707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294688,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216053111"}],"volume":"111","issue":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098fe4b092f17defc56f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Peter B.","contributorId":63740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lou, Yunjian","contributorId":80207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lou","given":"Yunjian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poorter, Hendrik","contributorId":33242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poorter","given":"Hendrik","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perry, Charles H.","contributorId":75865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oleksyn, Jacek","contributorId":30560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oleksyn","given":"Jacek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70127689,"text":"70127689 - 2014 - Robust, low-cost data loggers for stream temperature, flow intermittency, and relative conductivity monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T09:16:15","indexId":"70127689","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T10:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Robust, low-cost data loggers for stream temperature, flow intermittency, and relative conductivity monitoring","docAbstract":"Water temperature and streamflow intermittency are critical parameters influencing aquatic ecosystem health. Low-cost temperature loggers have made continuous water temperature monitoring relatively simple but determining streamflow timing and intermittency using temperature data alone requires significant and subjective data interpretation. Electrical resistance (ER) sensors have recently been developed to overcome the major limitations of temperature-based methods for the assessment of streamflow intermittency. This technical note introduces the STIC (Stream Temperature, Intermittency, and Conductivity logger); a robust, low-cost, simple to build instrument that provides long-duration, high-resolution monitoring of both relative conductivity (RC) and temperature. Simultaneously collected temperature and RC data provide unambiguous water temperature and streamflow intermittency information that is crucial for monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and assessing regulatory compliance. With proper calibration, the STIC relative conductivity data can be used to monitor specific conductivity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013WR015158","usgsCitation":"Chapin, T., Todd, A., and Zeigler, M.P., 2014, Robust, low-cost data loggers for stream temperature, flow intermittency, and relative conductivity monitoring: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 8, p. 6542-6548, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015158.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6542","endPage":"6548","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-053055","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr015158","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294703,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015158"}],"volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098fe4b092f17defc54f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapin, Thomas 0000-0001-6587-0734 tchapin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-0734","contributorId":758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapin","given":"Thomas","email":"tchapin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Todd, Andrew S.","contributorId":88664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Todd","given":"Andrew S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zeigler, Matthew P.","contributorId":54523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeigler","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126736,"text":"sir20145138 - 2014 - Geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks of the Biscayne aquifer in central Miami-Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-01T09:35:53","indexId":"sir20145138","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T09:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5138","title":"Geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks of the Biscayne aquifer in central Miami-Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Evaluations of the lithostratigraphy, lithofacies, paleontology, ichnology, depositional environments, and cyclostratigraphy from 11 test coreholes were linked to geophysical interpretations, and to results of hydraulic slug tests of six test coreholes at the Snapper Creek Well Field (SCWF), to construct geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks for the study area in central Miami-Dade County, Florida. The resulting geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks are consistent with those recently described for the Biscayne aquifer in the nearby Lake Belt area in Miami-Dade County and link the Lake Belt area frameworks with those developed for the SCWF study area. The hydrogeologic framework is characterized by a triple-porosity pore system of (1) matrix porosity (mainly mesoporous interparticle porosity, moldic porosity, and mesoporous to megaporous separate vugs), which under dynamic conditions, produces limited flow; (2) megaporous, touching-vug porosity that commonly forms stratiform groundwater passageways; and (3) conduit porosity, including bedding-plane vugs, decimeter-scale diameter vertical solution pipes, and meter-scale cavernous vugs. The various pore types and associated permeabilities generally have a predictable vertical spatial distribution related to the cyclostratigraphy.
\nThe Biscayne aquifer within the study area can be described as two major flow units separated by a single middle semiconfining unit. The upper Biscayne aquifer flow unit is present mainly within the Miami Limestone at the top of the aquifer and has the greatest hydraulic conductivity values, with a mean of 8,200 feet per day. The middle semiconfining unit, mainly within the upper Fort Thompson Formation, comprises continuous to discontinuous zones with (1) matrix porosity; (2) leaky, low permeability layers that may have up to centimeter-scale vuggy porosity with higher vertical permeability than horizontal permeability; and (3) stratiform flow zones composed of fossil moldic porosity, burrow related vugs, or irregular vugs. Flow zones with a mean hydraulic conductivity of 2,600 feet per day are present within the middle semiconfining unit, but none of the flow zones are continuous across the study area. The lower Biscayne aquifer flow unit comprises a group of flow zones in the lower part of the aquifer. These flow zones are present in the lower part of the Fort Thompson Formation and in some cases within the limestone or sandstone or both in the uppermost part of the Pinecrest Sand Member of the Tamiami Formation. The mean hydraulic conductivity of major flow zones within the lower Biscayne aquifer flow unit is 5,900 feet per day, and the mean value for minor flow zones is 2,900 feet per day. A semiconfining unit is present beneath the Biscayne aquifer. The boundary between the two hydrologic units is at the top or near the top of the Pinecrest Sand Member of the Tamiami Formation. The lower semiconfining unit has a hydraulic conductivity of less than 350 feet per day.
\nThe most productive zones of groundwater flow within the two Biscayne aquifer flow units have a characteristic pore system dominated by stratiform megaporosity related to selective dissolution of an Ophiomorpha-dominated ichnofabric. In the upper flow unit, decimeter-scale vertical solution pipes that are common in some areas of the SCWF study area contribute to high vertical permeability compared to that in areas without the pipes. Cross-hole flowmeter data collected from the SCWF test coreholes show that the distribution of vuggy porosity, matrix porosity, and permeability within the Biscayne aquifer of the SCWF is highly heterogeneous and anisotropic.
\nGroundwater withdrawals from production well fields in southeastern Florida may be inducing recharge of the Biscayne aquifer from canals near the well fields that are used for water-management functions, such as flood control and well-field pumping. The SCWF was chosen as a location within Miami-Dade County to study the potential for such recharge to the Biscayne aquifer from the C–2 (Snapper Creek) canal that roughly divides the well field in half. Geologic, hydrogeologic, and hydraulic information on the aquifer collected during construction of monitoring wells within the SCWF could be used to evaluate the groundwater flow budget at the well-field scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Miami-Dade County Water and Sewer Department","usgsCitation":"Wacker, M.A., Cunningham, K.J., and Williams, J., 2014, Geologic and hydrogeologic frameworks of the Biscayne aquifer in central Miami-Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5138, Report: viii, 66 p.; 4 Appendices; 3 Plates: 36 X 29.17 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145138.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 66 p.; 4 Appendices; 3 Plates: 36 X 29.17 or smaller","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044408","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145138.jpg"},{"id":294680,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/plates/sir2014-5138_plate02.pdf"},{"id":294681,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/plates/sir2014-5138_plate03.pdf"},{"id":294677,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix04"},{"id":294678,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix06.pdf"},{"id":294679,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/plates/sir2014-5138_plate01.pdf"},{"id":294673,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/"},{"id":294674,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/pdf/sir2014-5138.pdf"},{"id":294675,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix01.pdf"},{"id":294676,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5138/appendix/sir2014-5138_appendix02"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.8736,25.1374 ], [ -80.8736,25.9794 ], [ -80.1179,25.9794 ], [ -80.1179,25.1374 ], [ -80.8736,25.1374 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542d098ee4b092f17defc535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. 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Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, John H. 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123666,"text":"sir20105090T - 2014 - Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70123666,"text":"sir20105090T - 2014 - Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia","indexId":"sir20105090T","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"T","title":"Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T19:38:44.456522","indexId":"sir20105090T","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T08:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"T","title":"Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia","docAbstract":"This study estimates the location, quality, and quantity of undiscovered copper in stratabound deposits within the Neoproterozoic Roan Group of the Katanga Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. The study area encompasses the Central African Copperbelt, the greatest sediment-hosted copper-cobalt province in the world, containing 152 million metric tons of copper in greater than 80 deposits. This study (1) delineates permissive areas (tracts) where undiscovered sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits may occur within 2 kilometers of the surface, (2) provides a database of known sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits and prospects, (3) estimates numbers of undiscovered deposits within these permissive tracts at several levels of confidence, and (4) provides probabilistic estimates of amounts of copper and mineralized rock that could be contained in undiscovered deposits within each tract. The assessment, conducted in January 2010 using a three-part form of mineral resource assessment, indicates that a substantial amount of undiscovered copper resources might occur in sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits within the Roan Group in the Katanga Basin. Monte Carlo simulation results that combine grade and tonnage models with estimates of undiscovered deposits indicate that the mean estimate of undiscovered copper in the study area is 168 million metric tons, which is slightly greater than the known resources at 152 million metric tons. Furthermore, significant value can be expected from associated metals, particularly cobalt. Tracts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have potential to contain near-surface, undiscovered deposits. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate a mean value of 37 million metric tons of undiscovered copper may be present in significant prospects.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090T","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Council for Geosciences, South Africa","usgsCitation":"Zientek, M.L., Bliss, J.D., Broughton, D.W., Christie, M., Denning, P., Hayes, T.S., Hitzman, M., Horton, J.D., Frost-Killian, S., Jack, D.J., Master, S., Parks, H.L., Taylor, C.D., Wilson, A.B., Wintzer, N.E., and Woodhead, J., 2014, Sediment-hosted stratabound copper assessment of the Neoproterozoic Roan Group, central African copperbelt, Katanga Basin, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: xi, 162 p.; 4 Plates: 17 x 11 inches; GIS Data; Appendix D, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090T.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 162 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awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Wintzer, Niki E. 0000-0003-3085-435X nwintzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-435X","contributorId":5297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintzer","given":"Niki","email":"nwintzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Woodhead, Jon","contributorId":58203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodhead","given":"Jon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70133238,"text":"70133238 - 2014 - Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T09:54:06","indexId":"70133238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models","docAbstract":"1. Acoustic surveys have become a common survey method for bats and other vocal taxa. Previous work shows that bat echolocation may be misidentified, but common analytic methods, such as occupancy models, assume that misidentifications do not occur. Unless rare, such misidentifications could lead to incorrect inferences with significant management implications.
\n\n
2. We fit a false-positive occupancy model to data from paired bat detector and mist-net surveys to estimate probability of presence when survey data may include false positives. We compared estimated occupancy and detection rates to those obtained from a standard occupancy model. We also derived a formula to estimate the probability that bats were present at a site given its detection history. As an example, we analysed survey data for little brown bats Myotis lucifugus from 135 sites in Washington and Oregon, USA.
\n\n
3. We estimated that at an unoccupied site, acoustic surveys had a 14% chance per night of producing spurious M. lucifugus detections. Estimated detection rates were higher and occupancy rates were lower under the false-positive model, relative to a standard occupancy model. Un-modelled false positives also affected inferences about occupancy at individual sites. For example, probability of occupancy at individual sites with acoustic detections but no captures ranged from 2% to 100% under the false-positive occupancy model, but was always 100% under a standard occupancy model.
\n\n
4. Synthesis and applications. Our results suggest that false positives sufficient to affect inferences may be common in acoustic surveys for bats. We demonstrate an approach that can estimate occupancy, regardless of the false-positive rate, when acoustic surveys are paired with capture surveys. Applications of this approach include monitoring the spread of White-Nose Syndrome, estimating the impact of climate change and informing conservation listing decisions. We calculate a site-specific probability of occupancy, conditional on survey results, which could inform local permitting decisions, such as for wind energy projects. More generally, the magnitude of false positives suggests that false-positive occupancy models can improve accuracy in research and monitoring of bats and provide wildlife managers with more reliable information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.12303","usgsCitation":"Clement, M.J., Rodhouse, T., Ormsbee, P., Szewczak, J.M., and Nichols, J., 2014, Accounting for false-positive acoustic detections of bats using occupancy models: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1460-1467, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12303.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1460","endPage":"1467","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054795","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 48.99463598353408\n ],\n [\n -116.69677734375,\n 42.00032514831621\n ],\n [\n -124.76074218749999,\n 42.00032514831621\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62ae4b04d4b7dbd652b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clement, Matthew J. mclement@usgs.gov","contributorId":5278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clement","given":"Matthew","email":"mclement@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ormsbee, Patricia C.","contributorId":127379,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ormsbee","given":"Patricia C.","affiliations":[{"id":6925,"text":"US Forest Service, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Szewczak, Joseph M.","contributorId":30127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szewczak","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6958,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James D.","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70136234,"text":"70136234 - 2014 - Climatic and density influences on recruitment in an irruptive population of Roosevelt elk","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-30T11:45:01","indexId":"70136234","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic and density influences on recruitment in an irruptive population of Roosevelt elk","docAbstract":"Current paradigms of ungulate population ecology recognize that density-dependent and independent mechanisms are not always mutually exclusive. Long-term data sets are necessary to assess the relative strength of each mechanism, especially when populations display irruptive dynamics. Using an 18-year time series of population abundances of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) inhabiting Redwood National Park in northwestern California we assessed the influence of population size and climatic variation on elk recruitment and whether irruptive dynamics occurred. An information-theoretic model selection analysis indicated that abundance lagged 2 years and neither climatic factors nor a mix of abundance and climatic factors influenced elk recruitment. However, density-dependent recruitment differed between when the population was declining and when the population increased and then stabilized at an abundance lower than at the start of the decline. The population displayed irruptive dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/13-MAMM-A-313","usgsCitation":"Starns, H.D., Ricca, M.A., Duarte, A., and Weckerly, F.W., 2014, Climatic and density influences on recruitment in an irruptive population of Roosevelt elk: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 95, no. 5, p. 925-932, https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-313.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"932","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052048","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b5be4b08de9379b3337","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Starns, Heath D.","contributorId":131091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Starns","given":"Heath","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. mark_ricca@usgs.gov","contributorId":2400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duarte, Adam","contributorId":28492,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duarte","given":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weckerly, Floyd W.","contributorId":10298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weckerly","given":"Floyd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6960,"text":"Department of Biology, Texas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70133616,"text":"70133616 - 2014 - Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-11-18T13:08:15","indexId":"70133616","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2824,"text":"Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling","docAbstract":"Evacuation of the population from a tsunami hazard zone is vital to reduce life-loss due to inundation. Geospatial least-cost distance modelling provides one approach to assessing tsunami evacuation potential. Previous models have generally used two static exposure scenarios and fixed travel speeds to represent population movement. Some analyses have assumed immediate departure or a common evacuation departure time for all exposed population. Here, a method is proposed to incorporate time-variable exposure, distributed travel speeds, and uncertain evacuation departure time into an existing anisotropic least-cost path distance framework. The method is demonstrated for hypothetical local-source tsunami evacuation in Napier City, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. There is significant diurnal variation in pedestrian evacuation potential at the suburb level, although the total number of people unable to evacuate is stable across all scenarios. Whilst some fixed travel speeds approximate a distributed speed approach, others may overestimate evacuation potential. The impact of evacuation departure time is a significant contributor to total evacuation time. This method improves least-cost modelling of evacuation dynamics for evacuation planning, casualty modelling, and development of emergency response training scenarios. However, it requires detailed exposure data, which may preclude its use in many situations.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014","usgsCitation":"Fraser, S.A., Wood, N.J., Johnston, D.A., Leonard, G.S., Greening, P.D., and Rossetto, T., 2014, Variable population exposure and distributed travel speeds in least-cost tsunami evacuation modelling: Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 14, p. 2975-2991, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2975","endPage":"2991","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056507","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2975-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546c763ee4b0f4a3478a61e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fraser, Stuart A.","contributorId":127468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fraser","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan J. 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":3347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnston, David A.","contributorId":64637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnston","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6956,"text":"GNS Science/Massey University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leonard, Graham S.","contributorId":127469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leonard","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5111,"text":"GNS Science, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greening, Paul D.","contributorId":127470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greening","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rossetto, Tiziana","contributorId":127471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rossetto","given":"Tiziana","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6957,"text":"University College London","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148129,"text":"70148129 - 2014 - Evaluating the effects of land use on headwater wetland amphibian assemblages in coastal Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T15:01:26","indexId":"70148129","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the effects of land use on headwater wetland amphibian assemblages in coastal Alabama","docAbstract":"Anthropogenic land use is known to impact aquatic ecosystems in several ways, including increased frequency and intensity of floods, stream channel incision, sedimentation, and loss of microtopography. Amphibians are susceptible to changes in wetland and surrounding habitats. This study evaluated amphibian assemblages of fifteen headwater slope wetlands in coastal Alabama across a gradient of land uses. Amphibians were surveyed on a seasonal basis and land use was delineated within wetland watersheds and within a 200-m buffer surrounding each wetland. Amphibian presence/absence and land use data were used to develop species occupancy models. Both urban and agricultural land use were shown to influence amphibian occurrence. Species richness ranged from five to ten species across sites; however, five species only occurred in wetlands surrounded by forested lands. Many species were detected more frequently on these wetlands compared to wetlands surrounded by urban or mixed land uses. Occupancy models showed Acris gryllus was negatively associated with the amount of agriculture within a buffer around the wetland. Hyla squirella, Lithobates clamitans, and L. sphenocephalus were positively associated with agricultural land within a watershed. Anaxyrus terrestris and the non-native Eleutherodactylus planirostris were positively associated with the amount of impervious surface area within the wetland buffer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-014-0553-y","usgsCitation":"Alix, D.M., Anderson, C.J., Grand, J.B., and Guyer, C., 2014, Evaluating the effects of land use on headwater wetland amphibian assemblages in coastal Alabama: Wetlands, v. 34, no. 5, p. 917-926, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-014-0553-y.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"917","endPage":"926","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051560","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Baldwin County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.7423095703125,\n 31.04587480670449\n ],\n [\n -87.66128540039062,\n 31.049404461655996\n ],\n [\n -87.6324462890625,\n 30.86215257839766\n ],\n [\n -87.53356933593749,\n 30.741835717889792\n ],\n [\n -87.4017333984375,\n 30.667447179098694\n ],\n [\n -87.49786376953125,\n 30.37405999207125\n ],\n [\n -87.64755249023438,\n 30.317173211357414\n ],\n [\n -87.83706665039061,\n 30.414334780625396\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 30.483000484352313\n ],\n [\n -87.89886474609375,\n 30.55043513509528\n ],\n [\n -87.93731689453125,\n 30.7241293640261\n ],\n [\n -87.91397094726562,\n 30.851542445605972\n ],\n [\n -87.7423095703125,\n 31.04587480670449\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55698dcfe4b0d9246a9f649e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alix, Diane M.","contributorId":140996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alix","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Christopher J.","contributorId":11516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guyer, Craig","contributorId":104800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyer","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":547896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70137269,"text":"70137269 - 2014 - Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T16:32:03.713914","indexId":"70137269","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite","docAbstract":"While an enormous amount of research has been focused on trying to understand the geologic history and neotectonics of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault (SAF-CF) junction, fundamental questions concerning fault geometry and mechanisms for slip transfer through the junction remain. We use potential-field, geologic, geodetic, and seismicity data to investigate the 3-D geologic framework of the SAF-CF junction and identify potential slip-transferring structures within the junction. Geophysical evidence suggests that the San Andreas and Calaveras fault zones dip away from each other within the northern portion of the junction, bounding a triangular-shaped wedge of crust in cross section. This wedge changes shape to the south as fault geometries change and fault activity shifts between fault strands, particularly along the Calaveras fault zone (CFZ). Potential-field modeling and relocated seismicity suggest that the Paicines and San Benito strands of the CFZ dip 65° to 70° NE and form the southwest boundary of a folded 1 to 3 km thick tabular body of Coast Range Ophiolite (CRO) within the Vallecitos syncline. We identify and characterize two steeply dipping, seismically active cross structures within the junction that are associated with serpentinite in the subsurface. The architecture of the SAF-CF junction presented in this study may help explain fault-normal motions currently observed in geodetic data and help constrain the seismic hazard. The abundance of serpentinite and related CRO in the subsurface is a significant discovery that not only helps constrain the geometry of structures but may also help explain fault behavior and the tectonic evolution of the SAF-CF junction.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014TC003561","usgsCitation":"Watt, J.T., Ponce, D.A., Graymer, R.W., Jachens, R.C., and Simpson, R.W., 2014, Subsurface geometry of the San Andreas-Calaveras fault junction: Influence of serpentinite and the Coast Range Ophiolite: Tectonics, v. 33, no. 10, p. 2025-2044, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014TC003561.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"2025","endPage":"2044","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058037","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003561","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297025,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas-Calaveras fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 37.46613860234406\n ],\n [\n -120.7781982421875,\n 36.4433803110554\n ],\n [\n -122.03613281249999,\n 36.4433803110554\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c64e4b08de9379b3789","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014tc003561","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014tc003561","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Watt Janet T., Ponce David A., Graymer Russell W., Jachens Robert C., Simpson Robert W.","journalName":"Tectonics","publicationDate":"10/2014","auditedOn":"3/17/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet Tilden 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":1754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tilden","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70159345,"text":"70159345 - 2014 - Probabilistic estimation of dune retreat on the Gold Coast, Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T12:46:10","indexId":"70159345","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3385,"text":"Shore & Beach","printIssn":"0037-4237","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic estimation of dune retreat on the Gold Coast, Australia","docAbstract":"Sand dunes are an important natural buffer between storm impacts and development backing the beach on the Gold Coast of Queensland, Australia. The ability to forecast dune erosion at a prediction horizon of days to a week would allow efficient and timely response to dune erosion in this highly populated area. Towards this goal, we modified an existing probabilistic dune erosion model for use on the Gold Coast. The original model was trained using observations of dune response from Hurricane Ivan on Santa Rosa Island, Florida, USA (Plant and Stockdon 2012. Probabilistic prediction of barrier-island response to hurricanes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 117(F3), F03015). The model relates dune position change to pre-storm dune elevations, dune widths, and beach widths, along with storm surge and run-up using a Bayesian network. The Bayesian approach captures the uncertainty of inputs and predictions through the conditional probabilities between variables. Three versions of the barrier island response Bayesian network were tested for use on the Gold Coast. One network has the same structure as the original and was trained with the Santa Rosa Island data. The second network has a modified design and was trained using only pre- and post-storm data from 1988-2009 for the Gold Coast. The third version of the network has the same design as the second version of the network and was trained with the combined data from the Gold Coast and Santa Rosa Island. The two networks modified for use on the Gold Coast hindcast dune retreat with equal accuracy. Both networks explained 60% of the observed dune retreat variance, which is comparable to the skill observed by Plant and Stockdon (2012) in the initial Bayesian network application at Santa Rosa Island. The new networks improved predictions relative to application of the original network on the Gold Coast. Dune width was the most important morphologic variable in hindcasting dune retreat, while hydrodynamic variables, surge and run-up elevation, were also important
","language":"English","publisher":"American Shore and Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA)","usgsCitation":"Palmsten, M.L., Splinter, K.D., Plant, N.G., and Stockdon, H.F., 2014, Probabilistic estimation of dune retreat on the Gold Coast, Australia: Shore & Beach, v. 82, no. 4, p. 35-43.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"43","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059175","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://asbpa.org/publications/shore-and-beach/"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Queensland","otherGeospatial":"Gold Coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 151.98486328125,\n -28.786918085420226\n ],\n [\n 151.98486328125,\n -24.567108352575975\n ],\n [\n 153.885498046875,\n -24.567108352575975\n ],\n [\n 153.885498046875,\n -28.786918085420226\n ],\n [\n 151.98486328125,\n -28.786918085420226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56334340e4b048076347eeda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Palmsten, Margaret L.","contributorId":149363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palmsten","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17718,"text":"Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Splinter, Kristen D.","contributorId":147358,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Splinter","given":"Kristen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16827,"text":"UNSW Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155825,"text":"70155825 - 2014 - Assessing the risk persistent drought using climate model simulations and paleoclimate data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:58:37","indexId":"70155825","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the risk persistent drought using climate model simulations and paleoclimate data","docAbstract":"Projected changes in global rainfall patterns will likely alter water supplies and ecosystems in semiarid regions during the coming century. Instrumental and paleoclimate data indicate that natural hydroclimate fluctuations tend to be more energetic at low (multidecadal to multicentury) than at high (interannual) frequencies. State-of-the-art global climate models do not capture this characteristic of hydroclimate variability, suggesting that the models underestimate the risk of future persistent droughts. Methods are developed here for assessing the risk of such events in the coming century using climate model projections as well as observational (paleoclimate) information. Where instrumental and paleoclimate data are reliable, these methods may provide a more complete view of prolonged drought risk. In the U.S. Southwest, for instance, state-of-the-art climate model projections suggest the risk of a decade-scale megadrought in the coming century is less than 50%; the analysis herein suggests that the risk is at least 80%, and may be higher than 90% in certain areas. The likelihood of longer-lived events (>35 yr) is between 20% and 50%, and the risk of an unprecedented 50-yr megadrought is nonnegligible under the most severe warming scenario (5%–10%). These findings are important to consider as adaptation and mitigation strategies are developed to cope with regional impacts of climate change, where population growth is high and multidecadal megadrought—worse than anything seen during the last 2000 years—would pose unprecedented challenges to water resources in the region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00282.1","usgsCitation":"Ault, T.R., Cole, J.E., Overpeck, J.T., Pederson, G.T., and Meko, D.M., 2014, Assessing the risk persistent drought using climate model simulations and paleoclimate data: Journal of Climate, v. 27, no. 20, p. 7529-7549, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00282.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"7529","endPage":"7549","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-024658","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472725,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00282.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306605,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -103.6669921875,\n 32.0639555946604\n ],\n [\n -108.06152343749999,\n 31.840232667909365\n ],\n [\n -108.2373046875,\n 31.240985378021307\n ],\n [\n -111.0498046875,\n 31.39115752282472\n ],\n [\n -115.04882812499999,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -117.333984375,\n 32.62087018318113\n ],\n [\n -118.125,\n 33.61461929233378\n ],\n [\n -119.66308593749999,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -120.80566406250001,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 36.77409249464195\n ],\n [\n -123.1787109375,\n 37.96152331396616\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 39.198205348894795\n ],\n [\n -124.5849609375,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -124.23339843749999,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 43.03677585761058\n ],\n [\n -124.1015625,\n 44.62175409623324\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 46.92025531537451\n ],\n [\n -124.67285156250001,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -124.98046874999999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -123.3544921875,\n 48.25394114463431\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 47.96050238891509\n ],\n [\n -122.29980468749999,\n 48.48748647988415\n ],\n [\n -122.87109375,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -122.34374999999999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 48.980216985374994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"20","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cc6e28e4b08400b1fe0fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ault, Toby R.","contributorId":146164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ault","given":"Toby","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, Julia E.","contributorId":69871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overpeck, Jonathan T.","contributorId":146162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overpeck","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meko, David M.","contributorId":145887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meko","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6624,"text":"University of Arizona, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70160094,"text":"70160094 - 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Given that slimy sculpins (and deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii) are known egg predators that spatiotemporally overlap with incubating bloater eggs, we used recently published data on sculpin diets and daily ration to model annual bloater egg consumption by sculpins for the 1973–2010 year-classes. Although several strong year-classes were produced in the late 1980s when the proportion of eggs consumed by slimy sculpins was extremely low (i.e., <0.001) and several weak year-classes were produced when the proportion of bloater eggs consumed was at its highest (i.e., >0.10–1.0), egg predation failed to explain why recruitment was weak for the 1995–2005 year-classes when the proportion consumed was also low (i.e., <0.02). We concluded that egg predation by slimy and deepwater sculpins could have limited bloater recruitment in some years, but that some undetermined factor was more important in many other years. Given that slimy sculpin densities are influenced by piscivorous lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the restoration of which in Lake Michigan has lagged behind those in lakes Superior and Huron, our study highlights the importance of an ecosystem perspective when considering population dynamics of fishes.
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]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566c01ece4b09cfe53ca5afa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mychek-Londer, Justin G.","contributorId":64138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mychek-Londer","given":"Justin G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191656,"text":"70191656 - 2014 - Prolonged instability prior to a regime shift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-18T11:15:47","indexId":"70191656","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged instability prior to a regime shift","docAbstract":"Regime shifts are generally defined as the point of ‘abrupt’ change in the state of a system. However, a seemingly abrupt transition can be the product of a system reorganization that has been ongoing much longer than is evident in statistical analysis of a single component of the system. Using both univariate and multivariate statistical methods, we tested a long-term high-resolution paleoecological dataset with a known change in species assemblage for a regime shift. Analysis of this dataset with Fisher Information and multivariate time series modeling showed that there was a∼2000 year period of instability prior to the regime shift. This period of instability and the subsequent regime shift coincide with regional climate change, indicating that the system is undergoing extrinsic forcing. Paleoecological records offer a unique opportunity to test tools for the detection of thresholds and stable-states, and thus to examine the long-term stability of ecosystems over periods of multiple millennia.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0108936","usgsCitation":"Spanbauer, T., Allen, C.R., Angeler, D., Eason, T., Fritz, S.C., Garmestani, A.S., Nash, K.L., and Stone, J., 2014, Prolonged instability prior to a regime shift: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 10, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108936.","productDescription":" e108936; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-056958","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472728,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108936","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":346841,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e8683ee4b05fe04cd4d255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanbauer, Trisha","contributorId":146435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spanbauer","given":"Trisha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":713313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angeler, David G.","contributorId":25027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angeler","given":"David G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eason, Tarsha","contributorId":82220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eason","given":"Tarsha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fritz, Sherilyn C.","contributorId":30155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fritz","given":"Sherilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garmestani, Ahjond S.","contributorId":77285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nash, Kirsty L.","contributorId":40897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nash","given":"Kirsty","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Stone, Jeffery R.","contributorId":95501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Jeffery R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70187367,"text":"70187367 - 2014 - Survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts through a hydropower complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T10:05:26","indexId":"70187367","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts through a hydropower complex","docAbstract":"This study evaluated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt survival through the lower Penobscot River, Maine, U.S.A., and characterized relative differences in proportional use and survival through the main-stem of the river and an alternative migration route, the Stillwater Branch. The work was conducted prior to removal of two main-stem dams and operational changes in hydropower facilities in the Stillwater Branch. Survival and proportional use of migration routes in the lower Penobscot were estimated from multistate (MS) models based on 6 years of acoustic telemetry data from 1669 smolts and 2 years of radio-telemetry data from 190 fish. A small proportion (0·12, 95% c.i. = 0·06–0·25) of smolts used the Stillwater Branch, and mean survival through the two operational dams in this part of the river was relatively high (1·00 and 0·97). Survival at Milford Dam, the dam that will remain in the main-stem of the Penobscot River, was relatively low (0·91), whereas survival through two dams that were removed was relatively high (0·99 and 0·98). Smolt survival could decrease in the Stillwater Branch with the addition of two new powerhouses while continuing to meet fish passage standards. The effects of removing two dams in the main-stem are expected to be negligible for smolt survival based on high survival observed from 2005 to 2012 at those locations. Survival through Milford Dam was been well below current regulatory standards, and thus improvement of passage at this location offers the best opportunity for improving overall smolt survival in the lower river.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12483","usgsCitation":"Stich, D., Bailey, M., and Zydlewski, J.D., 2014, Survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts through a hydropower complex: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 85, no. 4, p. 1074-1096, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12483.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1074","endPage":"1096","ipdsId":"IP-052398","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340649,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Penobscot River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -68.9337158203125,\n 44.56894765233198\n ],\n [\n -68.51898193359375,\n 44.56894765233198\n ],\n [\n -68.51898193359375,\n 45.236217535866025\n ],\n [\n -68.9337158203125,\n 45.236217535866025\n ],\n [\n -68.9337158203125,\n 44.56894765233198\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5908492ee4b0fc4e448ffd72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stich, D.S.","contributorId":169719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stich","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, M.M.","contributorId":7494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187369,"text":"70187369 - 2014 - Smolting in coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-01T10:00:37","indexId":"70187369","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2285,"text":"Journal of Fish Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Smolting in coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii","docAbstract":"Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, condition factor and seawater (SW) challenges were used to assess the development of smolt characteristics in a cohort of hatchery coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii from the Cowlitz River in Washington State, U.S.A. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity increased slightly in the spring, coinciding with an increase in hypo-osmoregulatory ability. These changes were of lesser magnitude than are observed in other salmonine species. Even at the peak of tolerance, these fish exhibited notable osmotic perturbations in full strength SW. Condition factor in these hatchery fish declined steadily through the spring. Wild captured migrants from four tributaries of the Columbia River had moderately elevated gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, consistent with smolt development and with greater enzyme activity than autumn captured juveniles from one of the tributaries, Abernathy Creek. Migrant fish also had reduced condition factor. General linear models of 7 years of data from Abernathy Creek suggest that yearly variation, advancing photoperiod (as ordinal date) and fish size (fork length) were significant factors for predicting gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity in these wild fish. Both yearly variation and temperature were significant factors for predicting condition factor. These results suggest that coastal O. c. clarkii exhibit weakly developed characteristics of smolting. These changes are influenced by environmental conditions with great individual variation. The data suggest great physiological plasticity consistent with the variable life-history tactics observed in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfb.12480","usgsCitation":"Zydlewski, J.D., Zydlewski, G., Kennedy, B., and Gale, W., 2014, Smolting in coastal cutthroat trout Onchorhynchus clarkii clarkii: Journal of Fish Biology, v. 85, no. 4, p. 1111-1130, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12480.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1130","ipdsId":"IP-052400","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340648,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5908492ee4b0fc4e448ffd70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":693618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, G.","contributorId":69452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, B.","contributorId":191614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gale, W.","contributorId":191615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gale","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193632,"text":"70193632 - 2014 - Straddling the tholeiitic/calc-alkaline transition: The effects of modest amounts of water on magmatic differentiation at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T13:47:50","indexId":"70193632","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Straddling the tholeiitic/calc-alkaline transition: The effects of modest amounts of water on magmatic differentiation at Newberry Volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Melting experiments have been performed at 1 bar (anhydrous) and 1- and 2-kbar H2O-saturated conditions to study the effect of water on the differentiation of a basaltic andesite. The starting material was a mafic pumice from the compositionally zoned tuff deposited during the ~75 ka caldera-forming eruption of Newberry Volcano, a rear-arc volcanic center in the central Oregon Cascades. Pumices in the tuff of Newberry caldera (TNC) span a continuous silica range from 53 to 74 wt% and feature an unusually high-Na2O content of 6.5 wt% at 67 wt% SiO2. This wide range of magmatic compositions erupted in a single event makes the TNC an excellent natural laboratory in which to study the conditions of magmatic differentiation. Our experimental results and mineral–melt hygrometers/thermometers yield similar estimates of pre-eruptive H2O contents and temperatures of the TNC liquids. The most primitive (mafic) basaltic andesites record a pre-eruptive H2O content of 1.5 wt% and a liquidus temperature of 1,060–1,070 °C at upper crustal pressure. This modest H2O content produces a distinctive fractionation trend that is much more enriched in Na, Fe, and Ti than the calc-alkaline trend typical of wetter arc magmas, but slightly less enriched in Fe and Ti than the tholeiitic trend of dry magmas. Modest H2O contents might be expected at Newberry Volcano given its location in the Cascade rear arc, and the same fractionation trend is also observed in the rim andesites of the rear-arc Medicine Lake volcano in the southern Cascades. However, the Na–Fe–Ti enrichment characteristic of modest H2O (1–2 wt%) is also observed to the west of Newberry in magmas erupted from the arc axis, such as the Shevlin Park Tuff and several lava flows from the Three Sisters. This shows that modest-H2O magmas are being generated directly beneath the arc axis as well as in the rear arc. Because liquid lines of descent are particularly sensitive to water content in the range of 0–3 wt% H2O, they provide a quantitative and reliable tool for precisely determining pre-eruptive H2O content using major-element data from pumices or lava flows. Coupled enrichment in Na, Fe, and Ti relative to the calc-alkaline trend is a general feature of fractional crystallization in the presence of modest amounts of H2O, which may be used to look for “damp” fractionation sequences elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00410-014-1066-7","usgsCitation":"Mandler, B.E., Donnelly-Nolan, J.M., and Grove, T.L., 2014, Straddling the tholeiitic/calc-alkaline transition: The effects of modest amounts of water on magmatic differentiation at Newberry Volcano, Oregon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 168, Article 1066; 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-014-1066-7.","productDescription":"Article 1066; 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-060074","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Newberry Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.28047943115236,\n 43.69915480258559\n ],\n [\n -121.19327545166016,\n 43.69989944167303\n ],\n [\n -121.19327545166016,\n 43.739352079154706\n ],\n [\n -121.27841949462889,\n 43.73736766145917\n ],\n [\n -121.28047943115236,\n 43.69915480258559\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"168","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eaae4b0531197b27fa1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mandler, Ben E.","contributorId":199667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandler","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. 0000-0001-8714-9606 jdnolan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-9606","contributorId":3271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donnelly-Nolan","given":"Julie","email":"jdnolan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Timothy L.","contributorId":193070,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grove","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174027,"text":"70174027 - 2014 - Supplemental feeding alters migration of a temperate ungulate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:01:08","indexId":"70174027","displayToPublicDate":"2014-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Supplemental feeding alters migration of a temperate ungulate","docAbstract":"Conservation of migration requires information on behavior and environmental determinants. The spatial distribution of forage resources, which migration exploits, often are altered and may have subtle, unintended consequences. Supplemental feeding is a common management practice, particularly for ungulates in North America and Europe, and carryover effects on behavior of this anthropogenic manipulation of forage are expected in theory, but have received limited empirical evaluation, particularly regarding effects on migration. We used global positioning system (GPS) data to evaluate the influence of winter feeding on migration behavior of 219 adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) from 18 fed ranges and 4 unfed ranges in western Wyoming. Principal component analysis revealed that the migratory behavior of fed and unfed elk differed in distance migrated, and the timing of arrival to, duration on, and departure from summer range. Fed elk migrated 19.2 km less, spent 11 more days on stopover sites, arrived to summer range 5 days later, resided on summer range 26 fewer days, and departed in the autumn 10 days earlier than unfed elk. Time-to-event models indicated that differences in migratory behavior between fed and unfed elk were caused by altered sensitivity to the environmental drivers of migration. In spring, unfed elk migrated following plant green-up closely, whereas fed elk departed the feedground but lingered on transitional range, thereby delaying their arrival to summer range. In autumn, fed elk were more responsive to low temperatures and precipitation events, causing earlier departure from summer range than unfed elk. Overall, supplemental feeding disconnected migration by fed elk from spring green-up and decreased time spent on summer range, thereby reducing access to quality forage. Our findings suggest that ungulate migration can be substantially altered by changes to the spatial distribution of resources, including those of anthropogenic origin, and that management practices applied in one season may have unintended behavioral consequences in subsequent seasons.
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The long-term evolutionary dynamics of species' physiological tolerances to differing climatic regimes remain obscure. Here, we unite palaeontological and neontological data to analyse whether species' environmental tolerances remain stable across 3 Myr of profound climatic changes using 10 phylogenetically, ecologically and developmentally diverse mollusc species from the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plains, USA. We additionally investigate whether these species' upper and lower thermal tolerances are constrained across this interval. We find that these species' environmental preferences are stable across the duration of their lifetimes, even when faced with significant environmental perturbations. The results suggest that species will respond to current and future warming either by altering distributions to track suitable habitat or, if the pace of change is too rapid, by going extinct. 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