{"pageNumber":"5064","pageRowStart":"126575","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165549,"records":[{"id":5210213,"text":"5210213 - 1979 - Chlordane in birds: A study of lethal residues and loss rates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-19T15:23:23.97531","indexId":"5210213","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chlordane in birds: A study of lethal residues and loss rates","docAbstract":"Lethal residues of heptachlor epoxide in brains of birds fed heptachlor ranged from 9 to 27 ppm wet weight; residues of oxychlordane in birds fed oxychlordane ranged from 6 to 16 ppm; both were diagnostically distinct from those in equally exposed survivors. In birds fed chlordane, brains of those that died contained less than 30% of these amounts but also contained trans-nonachlor, compound C, and compound E, suggesting additivity or synergism. In birds fed chlordane followed by untreated feed, oxychlordane was most persistent; trans-nonachlor, heptachlor epoxide, and compounds C and E followed, in that order. Loss rates were best expressed on a wet weight basis because lipid-based rates were distorted by seasonal weight gains.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Occupational Medicine.  Proceedings of the Tenth Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine.  Key Biscayne (Miami), Florida","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier/North Holland","publisherLocation":"New York","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-00288-4.50042-6","usgsCitation":"Stickel, L., Stickel, W.H., McArthur, R., and Hughes, D., 1979, Chlordane in birds: A study of lethal residues and loss rates, chap. <i>of</i> Toxicology and Occupational Medicine.  Proceedings of the Tenth Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine.  Key Biscayne (Miami), Florida, p. 387-396, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-00288-4.50042-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200486,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a226","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McArthur, R.D.","contributorId":52687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McArthur","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, D.L.","contributorId":85675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210212,"text":"5210212 - 1979 - Endrin in birds: Lethal residues and secondary poisoning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210212","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Endrin in birds: Lethal residues and secondary poisoning","docAbstract":"Endrin residues in brains that are diagnostic of death were determined for several species of birds. Residues of 0.8 ppm or more of endrin in brain meant death; 0.6 ppm or less meant survival; between was a zone of overlap.  These criteria indicate that some wild birds of the U.S., particularly white pelicans in the Northwest and two bald eagles, have been killed by endrin.  Signs of endrin poisoning in experimental birds are described.  The important and highly toxic metabolite in rodents, 12-ketoendrin, was sought but not found.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Toxicology and Occupational Medicine.  Proceedings of the Tenth Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Key Biscayne (Miami), Florida","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier/North Holland","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., Reichel, W.L., and Hughes, D., 1979, Endrin in birds: Lethal residues and secondary poisoning, chap. <i>of</i> Toxicology and Occupational Medicine.  Proceedings of the Tenth Inter-American Conference on Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Key Biscayne (Miami), Florida, p. 397-406.","productDescription":"xiv, 480","startPage":"397","endPage":"406","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200495,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604410","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, D.L.","contributorId":85675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210120,"text":"5210120 - 1979 - The role of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in managing nongame birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210120","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The role of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in managing nongame birds","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN.","usgsCitation":"Anderson, S., 1979, The role of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in managing nongame birds, chap. <i>of</i> Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop, p. 254-256.","productDescription":"268","startPage":"254","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"268","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201115,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, S.H.","contributorId":33667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210116,"text":"5210116 - 1979 - Bird communities associated with succession and management of lowland conifer forests","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5210116","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Bird communities associated with succession and management of lowland conifer forests","docAbstract":"Data from published bird censuses were used to determine changes in avian communities in relation to plant succession, fire, type conversion, and timber management practices in lowland conifer forests in the northeastern United States.  With modifications in current logging practices, habitat for the bird species that nest in undisturbed stands can be provided.  Management guidelines are recommended.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"North Central Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 2195_Dawson.pdf","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., 1979, Bird communities associated with succession and management of lowland conifer forests, chap. <i>of</i> Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop, p. 120-131.","productDescription":"268","startPage":"120","endPage":"131","numberOfPages":"268","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201184,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a28e4b07f02db611363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210100,"text":"5210100 - 1979 - Effect of forest fragmentation on bird populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210100","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Effect of forest fragmentation on bird populations","docAbstract":"Many of the insectivorous songbird species that winter in the tropics are dependent on large unbroken tracts of forest during the breeding season.  These species are disappearing from localities where forests are becoming fragmented.  By long-range planning, managers can prevent local extinctions of these area-sensitive birds through use of such techniques as management in large units, retention of connecting corridors, and prevention of excessive isolation of forest fragments.  Edge conditions can be provided, where appropriate to meet the needs of upland game species.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","collaboration":"  PDF on file: 2279_Robbins.pdf","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C., 1979, Effect of forest fragmentation on bird populations, chap. <i>of</i> Management of North Central and Northeastern Forests for Nongame Birds, Proceedings of the Workshop., p. 198-212.","productDescription":"268","startPage":"198","endPage":"212","numberOfPages":"268","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6256a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210149,"text":"5210149 - 1979 - Artificial insemination of cranes with frozen semen","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:20","indexId":"5210149","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:16","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Artificial insemination of cranes with frozen semen","docAbstract":"For the first time (1978) artificial insemination (AI) with frozen greater sandhill crane (Grus canadensis tabida) semen resulted in fertile eggs and chicks. During the 2 year (1977-78) study, 6 of 27 eggs produced were fertile. Three chicks hatched. Semen samples used for insemination were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for two months or less. Recent improvements in the laboratory indicated that a more effective sample can be prepared and greater fertility rates should be expected.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1978 Crane Workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Audubon Society","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Gee, G., and Sexton, T.J., 1979, Artificial insemination of cranes with frozen semen, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the 1978 Crane Workshop, p. 89-94.","productDescription":"iii, 259","startPage":"89","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201140,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c25","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lewis, J. C.","contributorId":10057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506061,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sexton, Thomas J.","contributorId":84856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sexton","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5210220,"text":"5210220 - 1979 - Oil dispersants and wildlife","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T20:54:33","indexId":"5210220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Oil dispersants and wildlife","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 1979 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pollution Response Workshop, 8-10 May 1979, St. Petersburg, Florida","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","collaboration":"OCLC:  5675687.  'Workshop ... designed and coordinated under Fish and Wildlife contract number FWS-14-16-0009-78-006.'","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., 1979, Oil dispersants and wildlife, chap. <i>of</i> Proceedings of the 1979 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pollution Response Workshop, 8-10 May 1979, St. Petersburg, Florida, p. 67-72.","productDescription":"vi, 212","startPage":"67","endPage":"72","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200490,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267826,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/oilinla/pdfs/2164_Albers.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d4e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Brown, Columbus H.","contributorId":112993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Columbus","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506129,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5210214,"text":"5210214 - 1979 - Endrin versus 12-ketoendrin in birds and rodents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T20:31:30","indexId":"5210214","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesNumber":"693","title":"Endrin versus 12-ketoendrin in birds and rodents","docAbstract":"British workers showed that in rats the endrin metabolite, 12-ketoendrin, was five times as toxic as endrin, was probably the ultimate cause of death, and was the main form of endrin in the brain at death.  In cows and rabbits, however, they detected little of this metabolite.  They found none in hens.  We found no 12-ketoendrin in birds of four orders that had been heavily exposed to or killed by endrin.  We suggest that residue work with birds need not consider this compound unless birds have been eating endrin-killed rodents.  White mice had much less 12-ketoendrin than rats, but had more endrin.  In tests with spiked samples, 12-ketoendrin was successfully recovered from extracts by gel permeation chromatography, but not by florisil.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology: A Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, Pa.","doi":"10.1520/STP35991S","usgsCitation":"Stickel, W.H., Kaiser, T., and Reichel, W.L., 1979, Endrin versus 12-ketoendrin in birds and rodents, chap. <i>of</i> Avian and Mammalian Wildlife Toxicology: A Symposium, p. 61-68, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP35991S.","productDescription":"vii, 97","startPage":"61","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267818,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1520/STP35991S"},{"id":200484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db6028f5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kenaga, E.E.","contributorId":113958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenaga","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506124,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reichel, W. L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5210216,"text":"5210216 - 1979 - Environmental contaminant studies by the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-17T12:00:29","indexId":"5210216","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5638,"text":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","printIssn":"1071-720X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"STP693","title":"Environmental contaminant studies by the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evaluation of the effects of environmental contaminants on wildlife is geared to interpreting events in the field, especially population effects, and both field and laboratory studies are planned for this purpose; procedures are adapted to specific problems and therefore do not include strict protocols or routine testing. Field evaluations include measurements of cholinesterase inhibition in brain or blood, search for dead or disabled animals, study of nesting success of birds, and general ecological observations. Residue analyses are used in evaluating organochlorine chemicals; samples may include whole bodies for determining level of exposure, brains for mortality diagnosis, whole blood for certain special studies, and eggs to help in evaluation of possible reproductive effects. Bird counts, singing-male census counts, small mammal trapping, and cage-in-field tests have proven to be ineffective or misleading and are not considered suitable for field evaluations under most circumstances. Usefulness of simulated field trials is limited to very special situations. Experimental studies that help predict and interpret field effects include determinations of lethal diagnostic levels, comparative lethal dietary toxicity tests, tests of secondary poisoning, measurement of residue loss rates, measurement of blood enzymes, tests of behavioral effects, and studies of reproductive effects.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Avian and mammalian wildlife toxicology (ASTM STP693)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Testing and Materials","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1520/STP35987S","isbn":"978-0-8031-0287-3","usgsCitation":"Heinz, G.H., Hill, E.F., Stickel, W.H., and Stickel, L., 1979, Environmental contaminant studies by the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center: ASTM Special Technical Publication STP693, vii, 97, https://doi.org/10.1520/STP35987S.","productDescription":"vii, 97","startPage":"9","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602470","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kenaga, E.E.","contributorId":113958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenaga","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506126,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Heinz, G. H.","contributorId":85905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinz","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, E. F.","contributorId":14362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stickel, W. H.","contributorId":23239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stickel, L.F.","contributorId":41095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stickel","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5200331,"text":"5200331 - 1979 - Canada geese of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center: family relationships, behavior and productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:17","indexId":"5200331","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-08T16:49:39","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Canada geese of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center: family relationships, behavior and productivity","docAbstract":"Geese described are non-migratory, free-flying Todd's Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior).  The genealogy of 261 of these geese was traced by archival research and three years of field observations.  Nest locations and densities, preferences for various types of artificial nest structures, clutch sizes, hatching success, brood survival to flight stage, and food habits were recorded.     Resul ts indicate geese may:,pair as yearlings, but these bonds may be broken and re-formed before breeding.  Pair bonding generally resulted in geese of similar ages remaining together until the death of one partner, although re-pairing, polygamy, and pairing between broodmates also occurred.     The dominance hierarchy of related birds strongly influenced the position of 'outsiders' pairing with indigenous females.  Dominant status passed not only from male to male, but, upon the death of the dominant male, in at least one instance, the surviving female retained dominant status.     Gang broods were composed of progeny of the rearing pair, plus goslings relinquished by female offspring or siblings of the rearing pair.  Among indentifiable geese, gang broods were reared by the dominant pair on each impoundment.     Geese retained their family integrity both in flight and during the post-molt dispersion.  Female and males paired with local females, nested in their natal areas.     No significant relationship (P < 0.05) was found between clutch size and age of the female.  Twelve-year productivity of the Patuxent geese appeared related to the reproductive success of a specific resident family.     Collars, legbands, and telemetry were initially used to distinguish conspecifics. It was subsequently discovered that individual geese could be recognized by cheek-patch patterns, unusual plumage, or mannerisms. It is suggested that cheek-patch similarities in related Canada geese might be used to trace gene flow within flocks, and may be used for individual recognition by other Canada geese.","language":"English","publisher":"Thesis (M.S.)--University of Maryland","collaboration":"OCLC: 10342153","usgsCitation":"Rummel, L., 1979, Canada geese of the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center: family relationships, behavior and productivity, ix, 179.","productDescription":"ix, 179","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201369,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f774e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rummel, L.H.","contributorId":94766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rummel","given":"L.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":327543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039545,"text":"70039545 - 1979 - Measurement of stream primary production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:52","indexId":"70039545","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-16T11:18:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":352,"text":"Class Handout","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Measurement of stream primary production","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70039545","usgsCitation":"Stephens, D., 1979, Measurement of stream primary production: Class Handout, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039545.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":328,"text":"Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":259575,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5318e4b0c8380cd6c88b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, Doyle","contributorId":64497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"Doyle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70039523,"text":"70039523 - 1979 - Images of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1879-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039523","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-09T16:10:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Images of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1879-1979","docAbstract":"This collection of photographs reflects 100 years of public service by the U.S. Geological Survey since its founding on March 3, 1879: \"... for the classification of the public lands, and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70039523","usgsCitation":"Yochelson, E.L., and Nelson, C., 1979, Images of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1879-1979, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70039523.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261646,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039523/report.pdf"},{"id":261647,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70039523/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a387de4b0c8380cd615ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochelson, E. L.","contributorId":50948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, C.M.","contributorId":31115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012469,"text":"70012469 - 1979 - Uranium-series dating of lacustrine limestones from pan deposits with final Acheulian assemblage at Rooidam, Kimberley district, South Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T15:31:41.261549","indexId":"70012469","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series dating of lacustrine limestones from pan deposits with final Acheulian assemblage at Rooidam, Kimberley district, South Africa","docAbstract":"<p>Lacustrine limestone samples from sedimentary pan deposits at Rooidam, near Kimberley, South Africa, that contain late Acheulian (Fauresmith) artifacts have been dated by<sup> 230</sup>Th<sup>234</sup>U and <sup>231</sup>Pa<sup>235</sup>U methods. Results indicate a minimum age of about 200,000 yr B.P. for the terminal Acheulian in the interior of South Africa.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(79)90007-3","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Szabo, B.J., and Butzer, K., 1979, Uranium-series dating of lacustrine limestones from pan deposits with final Acheulian assemblage at Rooidam, Kimberley district, South Africa: Quaternary Research, v. 11, no. 2, p. 257-260, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(79)90007-3.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"260","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221825,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"South Africa","city":"Rooidam","otherGeospatial":"Kimberley District","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              24.75522027398756,\n              -28.51345135620111\n            ],\n            [\n              24.75522027398756,\n              -29.06374342900608\n            ],\n            [\n              25.96914672227723,\n              -29.06374342900608\n            ],\n            [\n              25.96914672227723,\n              -28.51345135620111\n            ],\n            [\n              24.75522027398756,\n              -28.51345135620111\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdf9e4b08c986b329336","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Butzer, K.W.","contributorId":88612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butzer","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010363,"text":"70010363 - 1979 - Volcanic ash in surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf - An indicator of sediment dispersal patterns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:22:38.899818","indexId":"70010363","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic ash in surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf - An indicator of sediment dispersal patterns","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf, Gulf of Alaska, contain various amounts of volcanic ash whose physical properties indicate that it originated from the 1912 Katmai eruption. The distribution of ash is related to the shelf physiography and represents redistribution by oceanic circulation rather than the original depositional pattern from the volcanic event. The ash distribution can be used, in conjunction with the distribution of grain sizes, as an indicator of present-day sediment dispersal patterns on the shelf.</span></p><p><span>No significant modern input of sediment is occurring on the Kodiak shelf, which is mostly covered by Pleistocene glacial deposits. Coarse-grained sediments on flat portions of shallow banks apparently are being winnowed, with the removed ash-rich fine material being deposited in shallow depressions on the banks and in three of the four major troughs that cut transversely across the shelf. The other major trough seems to be experiencing a relatively high-energy current regime, with little deposition of fine material.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90116-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hampton, M.A., Bouma, A., Frost, T.P., and Colburn, I., 1979, Volcanic ash in surficial sediments of the Kodiak shelf - An indicator of sediment dispersal patterns: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 347-356, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90116-6.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"347","endPage":"356","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219607,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.77885686791024,\n              58.70887118983768\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.20719455555994,\n              57.35461098142929\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.9976310121188,\n              56.55327620870899\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.26272200519873,\n              55.610227263713085\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.82178121895734,\n              55.58509738304019\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.40627687529198,\n              55.78507738124526\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.97088483528586,\n              56.68651666089394\n            ],\n            [\n              -150.97088483528586,\n              58.67739554234353\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.77885686791024,\n              58.70887118983768\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2dfe4b08c986b32ae07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouma, A.H.","contributorId":107281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouma","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frost, T. P.","contributorId":49797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Colburn, I.P.","contributorId":89009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colburn","given":"I.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012515,"text":"70012515 - 1979 - Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:29:03.341509","indexId":"70012515","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p>Analyses of 24 high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles that were collected during local and regional surveys show that small-scale slump deposite are ubiquitous whthin the intercanyon areas of the Continental Slope of the Middle Atlantic Bight. The deposits involve the upper 10-90 m of sediments, extend downslops for 1.8-7.2 km, and are present at water depths ranging from 545 to 1500 m. The characteristics of the deposits vary from thin, homogeneous or fairly regularly bedded lenses of sediment, to masses of intermediate thickness with contorted bedding, to relatively large slump blocks. A detailed survey of one slump mass just south of Hudson Canyon (by means of close-spaced Minisparker profiles and sediment cores) showed that it had a thickness of about 30 m and a volume of at least 0.4 km3 and consisted of homogeneous clay which accumulated rapidly during the late Pleistocene or Holocene. Although some of the slump deposits undoubtedly are relict, stemming from sediment instability porduced by rapid deposition during Pleistocene sea-level regressions, others were formed relatively recently. Possible causes of modern slumps include gas generation in the sediments, bottom-water turbulence on the upper slope, and shallow faulting. This study indicates that small-scale slumping in the intercanyon areas may be an important process in transporting sediments to the deep sea and suggests that recent mass movements may constitute a geologic hazard to future economic development of this part of the Continental Slope.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90110-5","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Knebes, H., and Carson, B., 1979, Small-scale slump deposits, Middle Atlantic Continental Slope, off eastern United States: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 221-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90110-5.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"236","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Middle Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.88771708896576,\n              40.263326615601756\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.45922882846764,\n              38.633058616550365\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.58169389106907,\n              37.103688088321874\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.89701653441095,\n              36.7128742895589\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.92570445520803,\n              40.263326615601756\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.88771708896576,\n              40.263326615601756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b919ae4b08c986b3199c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knebes, H.J.","contributorId":19291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knebes","given":"H.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carson, Bobb","contributorId":38285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Bobb","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012518,"text":"70012518 - 1979 - Uranium-series age of coral reef growth on Rottnest Island, Western Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:38:40.054282","indexId":"70012518","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium-series age of coral reef growth on Rottnest Island, Western Australia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dating samples of corals and shell from the elevated coral reef terrace on Rottnest Island, Western Australia, indicate that in this region away from active plate boundaries the sea stood at least 3 m above present sea level 132,000 ± 5,000 years ago. There is no geologic evidence of other ancient reef-forming periods on this island.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90095-1","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Szabo, B.J., 1979, Uranium-series age of coral reef growth on Rottnest Island, Western Australia: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. M11-M15, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90095-1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"M11","endPage":"M15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","otherGeospatial":"Rottnest Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              115.43263967705747,\n              -31.984637090304382\n            ],\n            [\n              115.43263967705747,\n              -32.02857797862114\n            ],\n            [\n              115.56445378148345,\n              -32.02857797862114\n            ],\n            [\n              115.56445378148345,\n              -31.984637090304382\n            ],\n            [\n              115.43263967705747,\n              -31.984637090304382\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdefe4b08c986b329301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Szabo, Barney J.","contributorId":6848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Barney","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012531,"text":"70012531 - 1979 - A radiographic scanning technique for cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:32:23.758193","indexId":"70012531","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A radiographic scanning technique for cores","docAbstract":"<p>A radiographic scanning technique (RST) can produce single continuous radiographs of cores or core sections up to 1.5 m long and up to 30 cm wide. Changing a portable industrial X-ray unit from the normal still-shot mode to a scanning mode requires simple, inexpensive, easily constructed, and highly durable equipment. Additional components include a conveyor system, antiscatter cylinder-diaphragm, adjustable sample platform, developing tanks, and a contact printer. Complete cores, half cores, sample slabs or peels may be scanned. Converting the X-ray unit from one mode to another is easy and can be accomplished without the use of special tools. RST provides the investigator with a convenient, continuous, high quality radiograph, saves time and money, and decreases the number of times cores have to be handled.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(79)90104-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Hill, G.W., Dorsey, M., Woods, J., and Miller, R.J., 1979, A radiographic scanning technique for cores: Marine Geology, v. 29, no. 1-4, p. 93-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(79)90104-X.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"106","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221829,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e528e4b0c8380cd46b80","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, G. W.","contributorId":85551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, M.E.","contributorId":73997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorsey","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woods, J.C.","contributorId":93770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woods","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012497,"text":"70012497 - 1979 - On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the earth's surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T16:29:35.625949","indexId":"70012497","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the earth's surface","docAbstract":"<div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture (e.g., hydraulic fracture joint, or igneous dike) and the earth's surface is analyzed using a two-dimensional elastic solution for a slit of arbitrary inclination buried beneath a horizontal free surface and subjected to an arbitrary pressure distribution. The solution is obtained by iteratively superimposing two fundamental sets of analytical solutions.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">For uniform internal pressure the slit behaves essentially as if it were in an infinite region if the depth-to-center is three times greater than the half-length. For shallower slits interaction with the free surface is pronounced: stresses and displacements near the slit differ by more than 10% from values for the deeply buried slit. The following changes are noted as the depth-to-center decreases:</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1. (1) the mode I stress intensity factor increases for both ends of the slit, but more rapidly at the upper end; </div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. (2) the mode II stress-intensity factor is significantly different from zero (except for vertical slits) suggesting propagation out of the original plane of the slit;</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3. (3) displacements of the slit wall are asymmetric such that the slit gaps open more widely near the upper end. Similar changes are noted if fluid density creates a linear pressure gradient that is smaller than the lithostatic gradient. Under such conditions natural fractures should propagate preferentially upward toward the earth's surface requiring less pressure as they grow in length.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">If deformation near the surface is of interest, the model should account explicitly for the free surface. Stresses and displacements at the free surface are not approximated very well by values calculated along a line in an infinite region, even when the slit is far from the line. As depth-to-center of a shallow pressurized slit decreases, the following changes are noted:</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><span class=\"list-label\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><span class=\"list-label\">1. </span>(1) displacements of the free surface increase to the same order of magnitude as the displacements of the slit walls,</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">2. (2) tensile stresses of magnitude greater than the pressure in the slit are concentrated along the free surface. The relative surface displacements over a shallow vertical slit are downward over the slit and upward to both sides of this area. The tensile stress acting parallel to the free surface over a shallow vertical slit is concentrated in two maxima adjacent to a point of very low stress immediately over the slit.</div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></div><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">The solution is used to estimate the length-to-depth ratio at which igneous sills have gained sufficient leverage on overlying strata to bend these strata upward and form a laccolith. The pronounced mode II stress intensity associated with shallow horizontal slits explains the tendency for some sills to climb to higher stratigraphie horizons as they grow in length. The bimodal tensile stress concentration over shallow vertical slits correlates qualitatively with the distribution of cracks and normal faults which flank fissure eruptions on volcanoes. The solution may be used to analyze surface displacements and tilts over massive hydraulic fractures in oil fields and to understand the behavior of hydraulic fractures in granite quarries.</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90353-6","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Pollard, D.D., and Holzhausen, G., 1979, On the mechanical interaction between a fluid-filled fracture and the earth's surface: Tectonophysics, v. 53, no. 1-2, p. 27-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90353-6.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"57","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222308,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddce4b0c8380cd75371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollard, David D.","contributorId":38549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollard","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holzhausen, Gary","contributorId":64389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzhausen","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012486,"text":"70012486 - 1979 - On microbial contaminants, micropseudofossils, and the oldest records of life","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:32:18.54129","indexId":"70012486","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On microbial contaminants, micropseudofossils, and the oldest records of life","docAbstract":"<p><span>Microbial contaminants may be introduced on outcrop as well as en route to or in the laboratory. Micropseudofossils may be natural or man-made. It is possible to recognize such misleading objects and important that they are not allowed to dilute the growing record of authentic pre-Phanerozoic life. Filamentous microbial contaminants from minute cracks in samples of ancient carbonate rocks from Brazil (perhaps 1 Ga old) and South Africa (∼2.3 Ga old) are similar to occurrences previously described as fossils. Published records of supposedly Archean microbial life also include microcontaminants and laboratory artifacts. Although microstructures from sedimentary rocks of the Swaziland system could be fossils, they are not demonstrably so. The oldest structurally preserved fossils yet known seem to be the filaments described by Lois Nagy from stromatolitic limestone in the ∼2.3 Ga old Malmani Dolomite of South Africa. It will be difficult to establish unequivocal older records in the absence of definitive ultrastructural or micro-chemical evidence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(79)90052-4","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Cloud, P., and Morrison, K., 1979, On microbial contaminants, micropseudofossils, and the oldest records of life: Precambrian Research, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 81-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(79)90052-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d9ee4b0c8380cd7521c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloud, P.","contributorId":65973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloud","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, K.","contributorId":6992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010336,"text":"70010336 - 1979 - Fault-crossing P delays, epicentral biasing, and fault behavior in central California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T15:38:24.9374","indexId":"70010336","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault-crossing P delays, epicentral biasing, and fault behavior in central California","docAbstract":"<p>The P delays across the San Andreas fault zone in central California have been determined from travel-time differences at station pairs spanning the fault, using off-fault local earthquake or quarry blast sources. Systematic delays as large as 0.4 sec have been observed for paths crossing the fault at depths of 5-10 km. These delays can account for the apparent deviation of epicenters from the mapped fault trace. The largest delays occur along the San Andreas fault between San Juan Bautista and Bear Valley and Between Bitterwater Valley and Parkfield. Spatial variations in fault behavior correlate with the magnitude of the fault-crossing P delay. The delay decreases to the northwest of San Juan Bautista across the \"locked\" section of the San Andreas fault and also decreases to the southeast approaching Parkfield. Where the delay is large, seismicity is relatively high and the fault is creeping.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90275-0","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Marks, S., and Bufe, C., 1979, Fault-crossing P delays, epicentral biasing, and fault behavior in central California: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 600-600, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90275-0.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"600","endPage":"600","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218859,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"central California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.09843292088527,\n              36.5575453150701\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09843292088527,\n              35.76950556267637\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30334394341517,\n              35.76950556267637\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.30334394341517,\n              36.5575453150701\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.09843292088527,\n              36.5575453150701\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f1fe4b0c8380cd5379f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marks, S.M.","contributorId":33687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marks","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010377,"text":"70010377 - 1979 - Strain pattern represented by scarps formed during the earthquakes of October 2, 1915, Pleasant Valley, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T15:43:41.678144","indexId":"70010377","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strain pattern represented by scarps formed during the earthquakes of October 2, 1915, Pleasant Valley, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The pattern of scarps developed during the earthquakes of October 2, 1915, in Pleasant Valley, Nevada, may have formed as a result of a modern stress system acting on a set of fractures produced by an earlier stress system which was oriented differently. Four major scarps developed in a right-stepping, en-echelon pattern suggestive of left-lateral slip across the zone and an extension axis oriented approximately S85°W. The trend of the zone is N25°E. However, the orientation of simple dip-slip on most segments trending approximately N20—40° E and a right-lateral component of displacement on several N- and NW-trending segments of the scarps indicate that the axis of regional extension was oriented between N50° and 70° W, normal to the zone.</span></p><p><span>The cumulative length of the scarps is 60 km, average vertical displacement 2 m, and the maximum vertical displacement near the Pearce School site 5.8 m. Almost everywhere the 1915 scarps formed along an older scarp line, and in some places older scarps represent multiple previous events. The most recent displacement event prior to 1915 is interpreted to have occurred more than 6600 years ago, but possibly less than 20,000 years ago. Some faults expressed by older scarps that trend northwest were not reactivated in 1915, possibly because they are oriented at a low angle with respect to the axis of modern regional extension.</span></p><p><span>The 1915 event occurred in an area of overlap of three regional fault trends oriented northwest, north, and northeast and referred to, respectively, as the Oregon—Nevada, Northwest Nevada, and Midas—Battle Moutain trends. Each of these trends may have developed at a different time; the Oregon—Nevada trend was possibly the earliest and developed in Late Miocene time (Stewart et al. 1975). Segments of the 1915 scarps ar</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90274-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Wallace, R.E., 1979, Strain pattern represented by scarps formed during the earthquakes of October 2, 1915, Pleasant Valley, Nevada: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 599-599, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90274-9.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"599","endPage":"599","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218719,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Pleasant Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -115.57276643805419,\n              40.752189211754455\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.57276643805419,\n              40.68420641169672\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4573307107092,\n              40.68420641169672\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.4573307107092,\n              40.752189211754455\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.57276643805419,\n              40.752189211754455\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9899e4b08c986b31c0c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, R. E.","contributorId":6823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012410,"text":"70012410 - 1979 - A change in fault-plane orientation between foreshocks and aftershocks of the Galway Lake earthquake, ML = 5.2, 1975, Mojave Desert, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T15:30:40.451696","indexId":"70012410","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A change in fault-plane orientation between foreshocks and aftershocks of the Galway Lake earthquake, ML = 5.2, 1975, Mojave Desert, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>A marked change is observed in&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>/</span><i>SV</i><span>&nbsp;amplitude ratios, measured at station TPC, from foreshocks to aftershocks of the Galway Lake earthquake. This change is interpreted to be the result of a change in fault-plane orientation occurring between foreshocks and aftershocks.</span></p><p><span>The Galway Lake earthquake,&nbsp;<i>M</i><sub><i>L</i></sub>= 5.2, occurred on June 1, 1975. The first-motion fault-plane solutions for the main shock and most foreshocks and aftershocks indicate chiefly right-lateral strike-slip on NNW-striking planes that dip steeply, 70–90°, to the WSW. The main event was preceded by nine located foreshocks, ranging in magnitude from 1.9 to 3.4, over a period of 12 weeks, starting on March 9, 1975. All of the foreshocks form a tight cluster approximately 1 km in diameter. This cluster includes the main shock. Aftershocks are distributed over a 6-km-long fault zone, but only those that occurred inside the foreshock cluster are used in this study.</span></p><p><span>Seismograms recorded at TPC (<i>Δ</i>&nbsp;= 61&nbsp;<i>km</i>), PEC (<i>Δ</i>&nbsp;= 93&nbsp;<i>km</i>), and CSP (<i>Δ</i>&nbsp;= 83&nbsp;<i>km</i>) are the data used here. The seismograms recorded at TPC show very consistent&nbsp;<i>P</i>/<i>SV</i>&nbsp;amplitude ratios for foreshocks. For aftershocks the&nbsp;<i>P</i>/<i>SV</i>&nbsp;ratios are scattered, but generally quite different from foreshock ratios. Most of the scatter for the aftershocks is confined to the two days following the main shock. Thereafter, however, the&nbsp;<i>P</i>/<i>SV</i>&nbsp;ratios are consistently half as large as for foreshocks. More subtle (and questionable) changes in the&nbsp;<i>P</i>/<i>SV</i>&nbsp;ratios are observed at PEC and CSP.</span></p><p><span>Using theoretical&nbsp;<i>P</i>/<i>SV</i>&nbsp;amplitude ratios, one can reproduce the observations at TPC, PEC and CSP by invoking a 5–12° counterclockwise change in fault strike between foreshocks and aftershocks. This interpretation is not unique, but it fits the data better than invoking, for example, changes in dip or slip angle. First-motion data cannot resolve this small change, but they permit it. Attenuation changes would appear to be ruled out by the fact that changes in the amplitude ratios,&nbsp;<i>P</i><sub><i>TPC</i></sub>/<i>P</i><sub><i>PEC</i></sub>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<i>p</i><sub><i>tpc</i></sub>/<i>p</i><sub><i>csp</i></sub>, are observed, and these changes accompany the changes in&nbsp;<i>P</i>/<i>SV</i>.</span></p><p><span>Observations for the Galway Lake earthquake are similar to observations for the Oroville, California, earthquake (<i>M</i><sub><i>L</i></sub>&nbsp;= 5.7) of August 1, 1975, and the Brianes Hills, California, earthquake (<i>M</i><sub><i>L</i></sub>&nbsp;= 4.3) of January 8, 1977 (Lindh et al., Science Vol. 201, pp. 56–59).</span></p><p><span>A change in fault-plane orientation between foreshocks and aftershocks may be understandable in terms of early en-echelon cracking (foreshocks) giving way to shear on the main fault plane (main shock plus aftershocks). Recent laboratory data (Byerlee et al., Tectonophysics, Vol. 44, pp. 161–171) tend to support this view.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90276-2","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Fuis, G., and Lindh, A., 1979, A change in fault-plane orientation between foreshocks and aftershocks of the Galway Lake earthquake, ML = 5.2, 1975, Mojave Desert, California: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 601-602, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90276-2.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"602","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221820,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.88041412845288,\n              35.57353922357994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.88041412845288,\n              34.066603856422134\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.86128184613081,\n              34.066603856422134\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.86128184613081,\n              35.57353922357994\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.88041412845288,\n              35.57353922357994\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e33ee4b0c8380cd45ed8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuis, G. S.","contributorId":83131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"G. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindh, A.G.","contributorId":24784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010323,"text":"70010323 - 1979 - Dislocation modeling of creep-related tilt changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T16:00:42.765558","indexId":"70010323","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dislocation modeling of creep-related tilt changes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\">Tilt changes associated with 1–5 mm of fault creep have been detected at several different locations on the San Andreas fault on tiltmeters within 500 m of the creep observation point. The creep-related tilts have amplitudes of <span>≤ </span>0̌.5 μrad and durations comparable to the creep events. No changes <span>≥</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;$&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;#x306;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/math&gt;\"></span>10<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>μrad have been observed on tiltmeters at distances <span>≥</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;$&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;#x306;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/math&gt;\"></span>1 km from the fault at the time of the creep events. Dislocation models capable of replicating the creep-related tilt events have been constructed to examine the relationship of the model parameters to details of the tilt waveforms. The tilt time histories and bounded assumptions of the source-station configurations, and the displacement time history, can be used to infer the type and amount of displacement, the propagation direction and depth of the slip zone. The shallow depth and finite size of the slip zone indicated by these models contrasts with the horizontal extent.</div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90267-1","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"McHugh, S., and Johnston, M., 1979, Dislocation modeling of creep-related tilt changes: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 520-520, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90267-1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"520","endPage":"520","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0214e4b0c8380cd4fe8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHugh, S.","contributorId":72919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M.J.S. 0000-0003-4326-8368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-8368","contributorId":104889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012602,"text":"70012602 - 1979 - A comparison of long-baseline strain data and fault creep records obtained near Hollister, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T16:11:47.290495","indexId":"70012602","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of long-baseline strain data and fault creep records obtained near Hollister, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>A comparison of creepmeter records from nine sites along a 12-km segment of the Calaveras fault near Hollister, California and long-baseline strain changes for nine lines in the Hollister multiwavelength distance-measuring (MWDM) array has established that episodes of large-scale deformation both preceded and accompanied periods of creep activity monitored along the fault trace during 1976. A concept of episodic, deep-seated aseismic slip that contributes to loading and subsequent aseismic failure of shallow parts of the fault plane seems attractive, implying that the character of aseismic slip sensed along the surface trace may be restricted to a relatively shallow (~ 1-km) region on the fault plane. Preliminary results from simple dislocation models designed to test the concept demonstrate that extending the time-histories and amplitudes of creep events sensed along the fault trace to depths of up to 10 km on the fault plane cannot simulate adequately the character and amplitudes of large-scale episodic movements observed at points more than 1 km from the fault. Properties of a 2–3-km-thick layer of unconsolidated sediments present in Hollister Valley, combined with an essentially rigid-block behavior in buried basement blocks, might be employed in the formulation of more appropriate models that could predict patterns of shallow fault creep and large-scale displacements much more like those actually observed.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90263-4","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Slater, L., and Burford, R.O., 1979, A comparison of long-baseline strain data and fault creep records obtained near Hollister, California: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 481-496, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90263-4.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"481","endPage":"496","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Hollister","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.63417354009724,\n              37.03514059462465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.63417354009724,\n              36.70425231730185\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22588991098016,\n              36.70425231730185\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22588991098016,\n              37.03514059462465\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.63417354009724,\n              37.03514059462465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e36ce4b0c8380cd45fe1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slater, L.E.","contributorId":35063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slater","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burford, Robert O.","contributorId":52560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burford","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70010440,"text":"70010440 - 1979 - Changes in rate of fault creep","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-04T16:06:32.354124","indexId":"70010440","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in rate of fault creep","docAbstract":"<p><span>Aseismic slip or fault creep is occurring on many faults in California. Although the creep rates are generally less than 10 mm/yr in most regions, the maximum observed rate along the San Andreas fault between San Juan Bautista and Gold Hill in central California exceeds 30 mm/yr. Changes in slip rates along a 162 km segment of the San Andreas fault in this region have occurred at approximately the same time at up to nine alinement array sites. Rates of creep on the fault near the epicenters of moderate earthquakes (</span><i>M</i><sub><i>L</i></sub><span>&nbsp;4–6) vary for periods of several years, decreasing before the main shocks and increasing thereafter, in agreement with prior observations based on creepmeter results. The change of surface slip rate is most pronounced within the epicentral region defined by aftershocks, but records from sites at distances up to 100 km show similar variations. Additionally, some variations in rate, also apparently consistent among many sites, have a less obvious relation with seismic activity and have usually taken place over shorter periods. Not all sites exhibit a significant variation in rate at the time of a regional change, and the amplitudes of the change at nearby sites are not consistently related. The time intervals between measurements at the nine array sites during a given period have not always been short with respect to the intervals between surveys at one site; hence, uneven sampling intervals may bias the results slightly. Anomalies in creep rates thus far observed, therefore, have not been demonstrably consistent precursors to moderate earthquakes; and in the cases when an earthquake has followed a long period change of rate, the anomaly has not specified time, place, or magnitude with a high degree of certainty. The consistency of rate changes may represent a large scale phenomenon that occurs along much of the San Andreas transform plate boundary.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(79)90266-X","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Harsh, P., 1979, Changes in rate of fault creep: Tectonophysics, v. 52, no. 1-4, p. 519-519, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(79)90266-X.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"519","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.49111683709873,\n              41.23845484514334\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.22954609997186,\n              37.147723728935766\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.44018054284913,\n              33.754578338292035\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1951646206461,\n              33.81034080556368\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83129934259983,\n              37.519569891913555\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.23061585176441,\n              41.35680615153203\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.49111683709873,\n              41.23845484514334\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"52","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f421e4b0c8380cd4bb6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harsh, P.","contributorId":59175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":358934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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