The data shown on this map and listed in table 1 are for earthquakes that were originally included in a study of seismic risk in the United States (Algermissen, 1969). This data file has been recompiled and updated through 1981. Some revisions of epicenters and intensities in the original file have been made, and intensities have been assigned to earthquakes that previously had none assigned. Only earthquakes that had epicenters within the boundary of the state are listed in table 1, even though earthquakes that had epicenters in bordering states or countries may have been felt or may have caused damage in the state. Intensity values were updated from data sources that were not available at the time or original compilation. Some epicenters were relocated on the basis of new information. The data shown in table 1 represent best estimates of the epicenter, magnitude, and intensity of each earthquake on the basis of historical and current information. Some of the aftershocks from large earthquakes are listed, but not all, especially for the earthquakes that occurred before seismic instruments were universally used.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb57a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stover, C. W.","contributorId":70369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stover","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reagor, B.G.","contributorId":99121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reagor","given":"B.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Algermissen, S. T.","contributorId":39790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Algermissen","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1971,"text":"wsp2252 - 1984 - Use of the routing procedure to study dye and gas transport in the West Fork Trinity River, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"wsp2252","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2252","title":"Use of the routing procedure to study dye and gas transport in the West Fork Trinity River, Texas","docAbstract":"Rhodamine-WT dye, ethylene, and propane were injected at three sites along a 21.6-kilometer reach of the West Fork Trinity River below Fort Worth, Texas. Complete dye concentration versus time curves and peak gas concentrations were measured at three cross sections below each injection. The peak dye concentrations were located and samples were collected at about three-hour intervals for as many as six additional cross sections. These data were analyzed to determine the longitudinal dispersion coefficients as well as the gas desorption coefficients using both standard techniques and a numerical routing procedure. \r\n\r\nThe routing procedure, using a Lagrangian transport model to minimize numerical dispersion, provided better estimates of the dispersion coefficient than did the method of moments. At a steady flow of about 0.76 m2/s, the dispersion coefficient varied from about 0.7 m2/s in a reach contained within a single deep pool to about 2.0 m2/s in a reach containing riffles and small pools. \r\n\r\nThe bulk desorption coefficients computed using the routing procedure and the standard peak method were essentially the same. The liquid film coefficient could also be obtained using the routing procedure. Both the bulk desorption coefficient and the liquid film coefficient were much smaller in the pooled reach than in the reaches containing riffles.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2252","usgsCitation":"Jobson, H.E., and Rathbun, R.E., 1984, Use of the routing procedure to study dye and gas transport in the West Fork Trinity River, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2252, iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2252.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2252/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27347,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2252/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa28e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jobson, Harvey E.","contributorId":27032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobson","given":"Harvey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17684,"text":"ofr84267 - 1984 - Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":17684,"text":"ofr84267 - 1984 - Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP)","indexId":"ofr84267","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP)"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":14978,"text":"ofr89153 - 1989 - A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II","indexId":"ofr89153","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":14978,"text":"ofr89153 - 1989 - A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II","indexId":"ofr89153","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"A low-power geophysical data-acquisition system; modification II"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-18T15:05:03","indexId":"ofr84267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-267","title":"Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP)","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr84267","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Software listings and major electronic circuits and components of the ocean bottom instrument package (OBIP): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-267, ii, 73 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84267.","productDescription":"ii, 73 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368421,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0267/report-thumb.jpg.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edcf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":529033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":3241,"text":"cir923 - 1984 - Acid precipitation; an annotated bibliography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir923","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"923","title":"Acid precipitation; an annotated bibliography","docAbstract":"This collection of 1660 bibliographies references on the causes and environmental effects of acidic atmospheric deposition was compiled from computerized literature searches of earth-science and chemistry data bases. Categories of information are (1) atmospheric chemistry (gases and aerosols), (2) precipitation chemistry, (3) transport and deposition (wet and dry), (4) aquatic environments (biological and hydrological), (5) terrestrial environments, (6) effects on materials and structures, (7) air and precipitation monitoring and data collection, and (8) modeling studies. References date from the late 1800 's through December 1981. The bibliography includes short summaries of most documents. Omitted are unpublished manuscripts, publications in press, master 's theses and doctoral dissertations, newspaper articles, and book reviews. Coauthors and subject indexes are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir923","usgsCitation":"Wiltshire, D.A., and Evans, M.L., 1984, Acid precipitation; an annotated bibliography: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 923, 282 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir923.","productDescription":"282 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0923/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30237,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0923/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db69928c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiltshire, Denise A.","contributorId":78717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiltshire","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Margaret L.","contributorId":40968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2221,"text":"wsp2197 - 1984 - Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 2 — Effects of pumping on water levels and on water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10186,"text":"ofr82366 - 1982 - Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California; Phase 2-effects of pumping on water levels and water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basins","indexId":"ofr82366","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California; Phase 2-effects of pumping on water levels and water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basins"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2221,"text":"wsp2197 - 1984 - Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 2 — Effects of pumping on water levels and on water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","indexId":"wsp2197","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 2 — Effects of pumping on water levels and on water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basin"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-04T20:05:24.878393","indexId":"wsp2197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2197","title":"Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 2 — Effects of pumping on water levels and on water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basin","docAbstract":"From July 1978 to January 1980, water levels in the southern part of the Santa Barbara ground-water basin declined more than 100 feet. These water-level declines resulted from increases in municipal pumping since July 1978. The increase in municipal pumping was part of a basin-testing program designed to determine the usable quantity of ground water in storage. The pumping, centered in the city less than 1 mile from the coast, has caused water-level declines to altitudes below sea level in the main water-bearing zones. As a result, the ground-water basin would be subject to saltwater intrusion if the study-period pumpage were maintained or increased. \r\n\r\nData indicate that saltwater intrusion has degraded the quality of the water yielded from six coastal wells. During the study period, the six coastal wells all yielded water with chloride concentrations in excess of 250 milligrams per liter, and four of the wells yielded water with chloride concentrations in excess of 1,000 milligrams per liter. \r\n\r\nPrevious investigators believed that saltwater intrusion was limited to the shallow part of the aquifer, directly adjacent to the coast. The possibility of saltwater intrusion into the deeper water-bearing deposits in the aquifer was thought to be remote because an offshore fault truncates these deeper deposits so that they lie against consolidated rocks on the seaward side of the fault. Results of this study indicate, however, that ocean water has intruded the deeper water-bearing deposits, and to a much greater extent than in the shallow part of the aquifer. Apparently the offshore fault is not an effective barrier to saltwater intrusion. \r\n\r\nNo physical barriers are known to exist between the coast and the municipal well field. Therefore, if the pumping rate maintained during the basin-testing program were continued, the degraded water along the coast could move inland and contaminate the municipal supply wells. The time required for the degraded water to move from the coast to the nearest supply well is estimated, using Darcy's equation, to be about 20 years. \r\n\r\nManagement alternatives for controlling saltwater intrusion in the Santa Barbara area include (1) decreasing municipal pumping, (2) increasing the quantity of water available for recharge by releasing surplus water from surface reservoirs to Mission Creek, (3) artificially recharging the basin using injection wells, and (4) locating municipal supply wells farther from the coast and spacing them farther apart in order to minimize drawdown. Continued monitoring of water levels and water quality would enable assessment of the effectiveness of the control measures employed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2197","usgsCitation":"Martin, P., 1984, Ground-water monitoring at Santa Barbara, California: Phase 2 — Effects of pumping on water levels and on water quality in the Santa Barbara ground-water basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2197, iv, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2197.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":27970,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":137671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25353.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.82376098632814,\n 34.3955786154917\n ],\n [\n -119.52713012695314,\n 34.3955786154917\n ],\n [\n -119.52713012695314,\n 34.513346401475786\n ],\n [\n -119.82376098632814,\n 34.513346401475786\n ],\n [\n -119.82376098632814,\n 34.3955786154917\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db66078d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Peter pmmartin@usgs.gov","contributorId":799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Peter","email":"pmmartin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":144841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":43548,"text":"ofr84181 - 1984 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Hamilton, Montana; Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:28","indexId":"ofr84181","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-181","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Hamilton, Montana; Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr84181","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1984, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Hamilton, Montana; Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-181, maps :photocopy ;45 x 65 cm., on sheet 76 x 107 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84181.","productDescription":"maps :photocopy ;45 x 65 cm., on sheet 76 x 107 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172332,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1107","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":531233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4466,"text":"cir934 - 1984 - Worldwide directory of national earth-science agencies and related international organizations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"cir934","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"934","title":"Worldwide directory of national earth-science agencies and related international organizations","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/cir934","usgsCitation":"Tinsley, E.J., and Hollander, J., 1984, Worldwide directory of national earth-science agencies and related international organizations: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 934, iv, 102 p. :maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir934.","productDescription":"iv, 102 p. :maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0934/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31546,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0934/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de7ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tinsley, Elizabeth J. (compiler)","contributorId":104887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinsley","given":"Elizabeth","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hollander, J.P.","contributorId":106885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hollander","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2539,"text":"wsp2208 - 1984 - Streamflow augmentation at Fosters Brook, Long Island, New York — A hydraulic feasibility study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T20:41:00.979324","indexId":"wsp2208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2208","title":"Streamflow augmentation at Fosters Brook, Long Island, New York — A hydraulic feasibility study","docAbstract":"A 27-day streamflow augmentation test was conducted in December 1979 at Fosters Brook, near the south shore of Long Island, to investigate the hydraulic feasibility of pumping ground water to supply flow to an ephemeral stream during dry periods. \r\n\r\nMeasurements of soil moisture in the unsaturated zone beneath the streambed indicate that infiltration rate and soil-moisture content are interrelated. Initial infiltration was measured with a neutron logger; the wetting front traversed the unsaturated zone at an average of 11.2 inches per hour and reached the water table in 5.5 hours. Soil moisture in the unsaturated zone ranged from 20 percent at the start of the test to nearly 41 percent, nearly the saturation point, 20 days later. \r\n\r\nStream discharge was measured at four sites along the stream channel, and the augmentation rate was monitored continuously at the starting point. Infiltration rates increased steadily in all reaches during the first 12 days of the test, but from the 12th to the 20th day, when discharge was increased by 50 percent, infiltration rates decreased along the two upstream reaches but continued to increase along the three downstream reaches. Infiltration rates remained constant from days 20 through 26. \r\n\r\nDuring the first 24 hours of the test, the stream reached a maximum length of 2,050 feet, but after 13 days, it had shortened to 1,300 feet as a result of seepage losses. The relationship between discharge and stream length was linear within the range of discharge investigated (0.54-1.63 cubic feet per second). \r\n\r\nGround-water levels rose in response to flow augmentation and reached a maximum rise of about 6.5 feet in a well situated 14 feet from the center of the streambed and 225 feet downstream from the start of the flow. Measured water-level response was compared to levels predicted by a one-dimensional analytical model and a three-dimensional mathematical model; results indicate that ground-water response is determined principally by streambed characteristics and soil-moisture content in the unsaturated zone. \r\n\r\nVariations in water temperature and in streambed composition had significant effects upon infiltration rates. Changes in water temperature, amount of vegetation, soil-moisture content, and stream stage, combined with local variations in streambed permeability and aquifer conductivity, make accurate prediction of seepage rates virtually impossible at present. Data from this study suggest that site-specific investigations are necessary wherever streamflow augmentation is planned.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2208","usgsCitation":"Prince, K.R., 1984, Streamflow augmentation at Fosters Brook, Long Island, New York — A hydraulic feasibility study: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2208, iv, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2208.","productDescription":"iv, 43 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":28780,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":392882,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25440.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fosters Brook, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.676,\n 40.69\n ],\n [\n -73.664,\n 40.69\n ],\n [\n -73.664,\n 40.701\n ],\n [\n -73.676,\n 40.701\n ],\n [\n -73.676,\n 40.69\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prince, Keith R. krprince@usgs.gov","contributorId":1413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prince","given":"Keith","email":"krprince@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":145370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1696,"text":"wsp2192 - 1984 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9187,"text":"ofr81541 - 1981 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"ofr81541","publicationYear":"1981","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes created by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1696,"text":"wsp2192 - 1984 - Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","indexId":"wsp2192","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:15","indexId":"wsp2192","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2192","title":"Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida","docAbstract":"Turbidity plumes in Tampa Bay, Florida, produced during ship-channel dredging operations from February 1977 to August 1978, were monitored in order to document plume appearance and water quality, evaluate plume influence on the characteristics of Tampa Bay water, and provide a data base for comparison with other areas that have similar sediment, dredge, placement, containment, and tide conditions. The plumes investigated originated from the operation of one hopper dredge and three cutterhead-pipeline dredges. \r\n\r\nComposition of bottom sediment was found to vary from 85 percent sand and shell fragments to 60 percent silt and clay. Placement methods for dredged sediment included beach nourishment, stationary submerged discharge, oscillating surface discharge, and construction of emergent dikes. Tidal currents ranged from slack water to flow velocities of 0.60 meter per second. \r\n\r\nPlumes were monitored simultaneously by (1) oblique and vertical 35-millimeter aerial photography and (2) water-quality sampling to determine water clarity and concentrations of nutrients, metals, pesticides, and industrial compounds. Forty-nine photographs depict plumes ranging in length from a few tens of meters to several kilometers and ranging in turbidity level from <10 to 200,000 nephelometric turbidity units. \r\n\r\nThe most visible turbidity plumes were produced by surface discharge of material with high sand content into unconfined placement areas during times of strong tidal currents. The least visible turbidity plumes were produced by discharge of material with high silt and clay content into areas enclosed by floating turbidity barriers during times of weak tidal currents. Beach nourishment from hopper-dredge unloading operations also produced plumes of low visibility. \r\n\r\nPrimary turbidity plumes were produced directly by dredging and placement operations; secondary plumes were produced indirectly by resuspension of previously deposited material. Secondary plumes were formed both by erosion, in areas of high-velocity tidal currents, and by turbulence from vessels passing over fine material deposited in shallow areas. \r\n\r\nWhere turbidity barriers were not used, turbidity plumes visible at the surface were good indicators of the location of turbid water at depth. Where turbidity barriers were used, turbid bottom water was found at locations having no visible surface plumes.\r\n\r\nA region of rapidly accelerating then decelerating flow near the mouth of Tampa Bay produced a two-part or separated plume. Flow acceleration contracted the width of the visible plume, and subsequent flow deceleration caused plume expansion. The two wide segments of the plume appeared to be separated from each other because of the intervening narrow part. \r\n\r\nWaters ambient to the plumes were tested for clarity in two sections of Tampa Bay. Ambient-water transparency in Tampa Bay was about three times greater near its mouth, in South Tampa Bay, than near its head, in Hillsborough Bay. Two other measures of water clarity, turbidity and suspended solids, showed no statistically significant difference between the two areas, however, indicating that transparency is a more sensitive measure of ambient water clarity than either turbidity or suspended solids. \r\n\r\nThe nutrient and metal concentrations for samples of plume water and water ambient to the plumes in Tampa Bay were statistically equivalent, indicating no detectable changes due to dredging. The concentrations of dissolved copper, lead, mercury, and total mercury, however, were greater in plumes in Hillsborough Bay than in South Tampa Bay. In Hillsborough Bay, six occurrences of the herbicide 2,4-D at concentrations near the detection limit, 0.01 to 0.05 micrograms per liter, were unrelated to dredging activity. \r\n\r\nData recorded for longer than the study period indicate that from 1976 through 1979 few average turbidity characteristics in South Tampa and Hillsborough Bays can be directly attributed to dredging operation","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2192","usgsCitation":"Goodwin, C., and Michaelis, D., 1984, Appearance and water quality of turbidity plumes produced by dredging in Tampa Bay, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2192, vi, 66 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2192.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2192/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":26778,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2192/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67add0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goodwin, Carl R.","contributorId":76284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodwin","given":"Carl R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Michaelis, D.M.","contributorId":44896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michaelis","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":60908,"text":"mf1601B - 1984 - Geologic map and cross sections of the Italian Peak and Italian Peak Middle Roadless Areas, Beaverhead County, Montana, and Clark and Lemhi counties, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:22","indexId":"mf1601B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1601","chapter":"B","title":"Geologic map and cross sections of the Italian Peak and Italian Peak Middle Roadless Areas, Beaverhead County, Montana, and Clark and Lemhi counties, Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/mf1601B","usgsCitation":"Skipp, B., 1984, Geologic map and cross sections of the Italian Peak and Italian Peak Middle Roadless Areas, Beaverhead County, Montana, and Clark and Lemhi counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1601, 1 map ;44 x 64 cm., on sheet 96 x 147 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1601B.","productDescription":"1 map ;44 x 64 cm., on sheet 96 x 147 cm., folded in envelope 25 x 32 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":106007,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7423.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"7423"},{"id":182627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.08333333333333,44.25 ], [ -113.08333333333333,44.5 ], [ -112.58333333333333,44.5 ], [ -112.58333333333333,44.25 ], [ -113.08333333333333,44.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4a0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skipp, Betty","contributorId":51268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Betty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2675,"text":"wsp2212 - 1984 - Water quality in the New River from Calexico to the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T21:58:23.002753","indexId":"wsp2212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2212","title":"Water quality in the New River from Calexico to the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California","docAbstract":"The New River enters the United States at Calexico, Calif., after it crosses the international boundary. Water-quality data from routine collection indicated that the New River was degraded by high organic and bacterial content. Intensive sampling for chemical and physical constituents and properties of the river was done May 9-13, 1977, to quantify the chemical composition of the water and to identify water-quality problems. \r\n\r\nConcentrations of total organic carbon in the New River at Calexico ranged from 80 to 161 milligrams per liter and dissolved organic carbon ranged from 34 to 42 milligrams per liter; the maximum chemical oxygen demand was 510 milligrams per liter. Intensive sampling for chemical and biological characteristics was done in the New River from May 1977 to June 1978 to determine the occurrence of the organic material and its effects on downstream water quality. \r\n\r\nDissolved-oxygen concentration was measured along longitudinal profiles of the river from Calexico to the Salton Sea. A dissolved-oxygen sag downstream from the Calexico gage varied seasonally. The sag extended farther downstream and had lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen during the summer months than during the winter months. The sag of zero dissolved-oxygen concentration extended 26 miles in July 1977. In December 1976, the sag extended 20 miles but the minimum dissolved-oxygen concentration was 2.5 milligrams per liter. The greatest diel (24-hour) variation in dissolved-oxygen concentration occurred in the reach from the Calexico gage to Lyons Crossing, 8.8 miles downstream. High concentrations of organic material were detected as far as Highway 80, 19.5 miles downstream from the international boundary. \r\n\r\nBiological samples analyzed for benthic invertebrates showed that water at the Calexico and Lyons Crossing sites, nearest the international boundary, was of such poor quality that very few bottom-dwelling organisms could survive. Although the water was of poor quality at Keystone Road, 36 miles downstream, it was able to support a benthic community. The April sample had more than 9,150 organisms on a multiplate sampler, 8,770 of which were of one species. Farther downstream at the Westmorland gage, the water quality, as indicated by the number and diversity of organisms, had improved over that at the Keystone site. The Alamo River at its outlet to the Salton Sea--the control site--had the greatest diversity of all the study sites. This diversity, when compared with the diversity at the Westmorland gage, indicated that the effects of the degraded water quality observed at the New River at Calexico are detected as far as 62 miles downstream. Standard bacteria indicator tests indicate that fecal contamination exists in the New River. Counts of fecal coliform bacteria ranged from 180,000 to 2,800,000 colonies per 100 milliliters for the 20-mile reach from Calexico to Highway 80, and fecal streptococcal bacteria ranged from 5,000 to 240,000 colonies per 100 milliliters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2212","usgsCitation":"Setmire, J.G., 1984, Water quality in the New River from Calexico to the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2212, iv, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2212.","productDescription":"iv, 42 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410325,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25472.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":138262,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2212/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29025,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Calexico","otherGeospatial":"New River, Salton Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.76476950261613,\n 33.20524890046873\n ],\n [\n -115.76476950261613,\n 32.6695879689143\n ],\n [\n -115.37091000447533,\n 32.6695879689143\n ],\n [\n -115.37091000447533,\n 33.20524890046873\n ],\n [\n -115.76476950261613,\n 33.20524890046873\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602b29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Setmire, James G.","contributorId":105284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Setmire","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2414,"text":"wsp2226 - 1984 - Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois: Geology and hydrology of the glacial drift, as related to the migration of tritium","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10555,"text":"ofr8278 - 1982 - Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois; Part II, geology and hydrology of the glacial drift as related to the migration of tritium","indexId":"ofr8278","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois; Part II, geology and hydrology of the glacial drift as related to the migration of tritium"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2414,"text":"wsp2226 - 1984 - Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois: Geology and hydrology of the glacial drift, as related to the migration of tritium","indexId":"wsp2226","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois: Geology and hydrology of the glacial drift, as related to the migration of tritium"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-04T19:13:10.348121","indexId":"wsp2226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2226","title":"Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois: Geology and hydrology of the glacial drift, as related to the migration of tritium","docAbstract":"A low-level radioactive-waste burial site is located in Palos Forest Preserve, about 22 kilometers southwest of Chicago, Illinois. Between 1943 and 1949 the site, named Plot M, was filled with radioactive waste from the first Argonne National Laboratory and from the University of Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory. Since 1973, tritium concentration levels up to 14 nanocuries per liter have been measured in water samples collected from a well 360 meters from the burial site. \r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey is studying the geologic, hydrologic, and geochemical properties of the glacial drift and underlying bedrock at the Plot M site to determine the factors that control the movement of radionuclides. Test wells were drilled into the drift to collect water and core samples for laboratory analysis, to gather geologic and hydrologic data, and to conduct geophysical surveys. Plot M is located in drift that ranges in thickness from 25 to 45 meters. The drift is a stratified sequence of clay- and silt-rich sediments that contain thin, interstratified sand layers. The silt content of the drift increases with depth. The permeability of the drift, as indicated by field and laboratory hydraulic conductivity tests, ranges from 1.0 x 10 -6 to 1.0 ? 10 -8 centimeters per second. \r\n\r\nA tritium plume, the contaminated zone in the drift in which tritium concentration levels exceed 10 nanocuries per liter of water, extends horizontally northward from Plot M at least 50 meters and vertically downward to bedrock. The center of the plume, where tritium concentration levels are as high as 50,000 nanocuries per liter, is approximately 15 meters beneath the burial site. The size, shape, and 'bull's-eye' concentration pattern indicate that the plume is a single slug and that the site no longer releases tritium into the drift. The leading edge, or front, of the plume (the 10 nanocuries per liter boundary) left the burial site in either the late 1940's or the early 1950's and intersected the underlying bedrock surface before 1973. The calculated movement rate of the front is 6.3 x 10 -6 centimeters per second. \r\n\r\nSeveral key factors that control both the concentration level and the extent of migration of tritium in the drift at Plot M are 1. The limited amount of tritiated waste buried at Plot M. 2. The long period of time that has elapsed since the waste was buried (30-35 years) relative to the radioactive half-life of tritium (12.3 years). 3. The great thickness and low permeability of the glacial drift at the site.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2226","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J.C., 1984, Low-level radioactive-waste burial at the Palos Forest Preserve, Illinois: Geology and hydrology of the glacial drift, as related to the migration of tritium: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2226, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2226.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":395461,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25214.htm"},{"id":28419,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2226/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2226/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinios","otherGeospatial":"Palos Forest Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.906,\n 41.694\n ],\n [\n -87.917,\n 41.694\n ],\n [\n -87.917,\n 41.704\n ],\n [\n -87.906,\n 41.704\n ],\n [\n -87.906,\n 41.694\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, Julio C.","contributorId":93877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Julio","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}