The surface-water resources of the United States, the focal point for this National Water Summary, are extensively developed and managed to provide water supplies, hydroelectric power, navigation, recreational opportunities, and sufficient instream flows to maintain fish and wildlife habitats and adequate water quality. Surface water represents 77 percent of the Nation's total freshwater withdrawals, 65 percent of public supplies, 74 percent of self- supplied industries, excluding thermoelectric power generation, and 60 percent of irrigation. In only 10 States does surface water provide less than half of the total withdrawals.
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the type and extent of economic development. About two-thirds of the water used in the State is groundwater. The nature and extent of the groundwater reservoirs must be known for proper management of this valuable resource. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the State of Arizona, has conducted a program of groundwater studies in Arizona since 1939. The primary purposes of these studies are to define the amount, location, and quality of the groundwater resources of Arizona and to monitor the effects of large-scale development of the groundwater supplies. The program includes the collection, compilation, and analysis of the geologic and hydrologic data necessary to evaluate the groundwater resources of the State. The basic hydrologic data are in computer storage and are available to the public. Since 1974, a major thrust of the program has been to inventory the groundwater conditions in the 68 groundwater areas of the State. Several selected groundwater areas are studied each year; water levels are measured annually in a statewide observation well network, many groundwater samples are collected and analyzed annually, and groundwater pumpage is computed for most of the areas. As of July 1985, reports had been published for 56 of the 68 groundwater areas. Data collected in the groundwater areas include information on selected wells, water level measurements, and water samples for chemical analysis. The data for each of the selected groundwater areas are analyzed, and the results are published in map form. Typically, the maps show depth to water; change in water levels; altitude of the water level; and quality of water data, such as specific conductance, dissolved solids, and fluoride. 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Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26825,"text":"wri844279 - 1986 - Geologic, hydrologic, and cultural factors in the selection of sites for the land disposal of wastes in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri844279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4279","title":"Geologic, hydrologic, and cultural factors in the selection of sites for the land disposal of wastes in Washington","docAbstract":"As part of a program to deal with the problems of waste disposal in Washington, the Department of Ecology (WDOE), in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, completed a study designed to provide the geologic, hydrologic, and cultural data needed to evaluate the suitability of State land areas for the disposal of wastes. Data portraying the distribution of factors that could affect the suitability of areas in Washington for waste disposal were presented in a series of 18 maps (overlays). The factors selected include major geologic units; natural hazards from earthquakes, faulting, and volcanoes; climate; locations of major surface-water and groundwater bodies; population density; and land and water uses. Within each factor (map) the data were grouped into class intervals and the intervals for most factors ranked according to their relative suitability/unsuitability for land disposal of wastes following criteria supplied by WDOE. Areas of the State considered completely unsuitable (as determined by WDOE personnel) for waste disposal because of current or proposed land uses were excluded from ranking. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844279","usgsCitation":"Dion, N.P., Alvord, R.C., and Olson, T., 1986, Geologic, hydrologic, and cultural factors in the selection of sites for the land disposal of wastes in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4279, iii, 16 p. :maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844279.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p. :maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55706,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55707,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55708,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55709,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55710,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55711,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55712,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55713,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55714,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55715,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55716,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55717,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55718,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4279/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db687ff8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dion, N. P.","contributorId":33302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dion","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alvord, R. C.","contributorId":65866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvord","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olson, T.D.","contributorId":78777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":38538,"text":"pp1325 - 1986 - Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radionuclides at a commercial radioactive-waste burial site, West Valley, Cattaraugus County, New York","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10754,"text":"ofr77566 - 1977 - Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radioisotopes at a low-level solid radioactive-waste disposal site, West Valley, New York","indexId":"ofr77566","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radioisotopes at a low-level solid radioactive-waste disposal site, West Valley, New York"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38538,"text":"pp1325 - 1986 - Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radionuclides at a commercial radioactive-waste burial site, West Valley, Cattaraugus County, New York","indexId":"pp1325","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radionuclides at a commercial radioactive-waste burial site, West Valley, Cattaraugus County, New York"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:22:49","indexId":"pp1325","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1325","title":"Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radionuclides at a commercial radioactive-waste burial site, West Valley, Cattaraugus County, New York","docAbstract":"Low-level radioactive wastes were buried from 1963-75 in trenches excavated in a clay-rich till about 28 meters thick. Beneath the till is a lacustrine sequence that is unsaturated in its upper part and acts as a drain to the till. The till is nearly isotropic; hydraulic conductivity ranges between 2 times 10 to the minus 8th power and 6 times 10 to the minus 8th power centimeters/sec. Fractures with oxidized walls extend as much as 5 meters below the original land surface. The fractured till is 5 to 10 times more permeable than the deeper unfractured till, as determined from computer simulations. The direction of groundwater flow in the till is predominantly downward, with an average linear pore velocity of 1 to 8 centimeters/year. Tritium migrated less than 3 meters from three trenches in the 7 to 11 years after they were completed. Carbon-14 migrated less than 1 meter, and migration of other radionuclides is apparently even less. The migration of tritium and carbon-14 occurs chiefly by diffusion. Radionuclides are far less likely to reach the surface environment by subsurface flow through the till than by seepage of trench water through the trench covers, which can occur whenever trenches become filled with water from recharge entering through cracks that form in the cover. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1325","usgsCitation":"Prudic, D.E., 1986, Ground-water hydrology and subsurface migration of radionuclides at a commercial radioactive-waste burial site, West Valley, Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1325, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1325.","productDescription":"83 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1325/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65304,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1325/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668b8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":220022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29367,"text":"wri854253 - 1986 - Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:04:51","indexId":"wri854253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4253","title":"Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"An appraisal of surface water quality in the Umpqua River basin was made using existing monthly data collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Douglas County Water Resources Survey. This appraisal was limited to interpretation of instantaneous monthly water quality data collected in the Umpqua River basin from water years 1974 to 1983. These data were used to compare water quality conditions throughout the basin and to determine if data collected from the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting network) station are representative of upstream basin conditions. In general, data collected at the NASQAN station represent a composite of water quality from the North and South Umpqua Rivers. These river basins account for 82 % of the NASQAN station drainage. Water quality concentrations, loads, yields, and trends were statistically described and related to point source effluent loads and basin characteristics including geohydrology, hydrology, population, land use, and water use. Available point-and nonpoint-source data provided minimal information for determining cause-effect relations and for explaining observed trends in water quality; however, the data did indicate that the largest effluent discharges are located in the South Umpqua River basin in the Roseburg-Winston area. Instantaneous and annual flow weighted levels of specific conductance, phosphorus, organic plus ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, and fecal coliform bacteria are generally highest in the South Umpqua River near Roseburg. These high levels generally occur during the summer months when river flow is extremely low relative to flow in the North Umpqua River. The North Umpqua River has among the lowest constituent concentrations observed in the basin. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854253","usgsCitation":"Rinella, J.F., 1986, Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4253, vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854253.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30478,"text":"wri864320 - 1986 - Hydrologic and climatologic factors affecting water levels of Devils Lake, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-14T16:35:11","indexId":"wri864320","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4320","title":"Hydrologic and climatologic factors affecting water levels of Devils Lake, North Dakota","docAbstract":"High water levels of Devils Lake, North Dakota, and other terminal lakes, have, in recent years, threatened highways, agricultural land, recreational cabins, and communities located near these lakes. This study was undertaken to describe the hydrology of the Devils Lake basin and to determine how to estimate future water level probabilities.
Analysis of the available hydrologic and climatologic data indicates the water level of Devils Lake fluctuates largely in response to climatic variability. Average annual net storage gain has varied from 70 ,000 acre-feet for 1969-83 to as little as 4,530 acre-feet for 1931-40. In addition to the influence of climatic variability on the inflow to Devils Lake, an interconnected chain of lakes upstream of Devils Lake retains runoff and acts as an evaporation basin for runoff from the Devils Lake basin. During 1965-67, at least 112,000 acre-feet of water was stored in this upstream chain of lakes.
A review of research conducted on other terminal lakes indicated that the water level in these lakes fluctuated primarily in response to climate variability. There is agreement between water level fluctuations of terminal lakes in Western North America and water level fluctuations of Devils lake during times of climatic extremes.
No standardized methods are available for computing water level probabilities of terminal lakes. Most of the development of a method for determining future water level probabilities has been focused on Great Salt Lake, Utah. A number of techniques have been used to estimate the future water-level probabilities for Great Salt Lake; however, they provide a wide range in probability of occurrence for any given water level. (Author 's abstract)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864320","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G.J., 1986, Hydrologic and climatologic factors affecting water levels of Devils Lake, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4320, iv, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864320.","productDescription":"iv, 62 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59261,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4320/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126891,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4320/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25590,"text":"wri864102 - 1986 - Hydrologic and geologic analysis of two wells in Marion County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T09:02:12","indexId":"wri864102","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4102","title":"Hydrologic and geologic analysis of two wells in Marion County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Two test wells were drilled in Marion County, South Carolina in 1982. Well MRN 77 (Marion 77) was drilled to a depth of 365 ft and was used as an observation well in the Black Creek aquifer and to supply water during drilling of the deeper well. MRN 78 (Marion 78) was drilled and cored through the entire thickness of Coastal Plain sediments into the underlying basement rock to a depth of 1,225 ft. Data from the wells include description of the core samples from MRN 78, geophysical logs, zone water levels, chemical analysis of the water sampled and results of tests for mineral content. Head in MRN 78 increases with depth. The waters sampled were all sodium bicarbonate type except for the deepest zone (1,120-1,140 ft) sampled in MRN 78, which yielded a sodium chloride type water. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864102","usgsCitation":"Reid, M., Renken, R., Wait, R.L., Aucott, W.R., and Lee, R.W., 1986, Hydrologic and geologic analysis of two wells in Marion County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4102, iv, 20 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864102.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4102/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54333,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4102/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54334,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4102/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54335,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Marion County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.1282,34.2533],[-79.1313,34.2429],[-79.1286,34.2355],[-79.1293,34.2324],[-79.1332,34.2329],[-79.1317,34.2229],[-79.1341,34.2179],[-79.1515,34.2114],[-79.1652,34.1961],[-79.1682,34.1834],[-79.1738,34.1813],[-79.1759,34.1863],[-79.1889,34.177],[-79.1965,34.1607],[-79.2067,34.1513],[-79.2055,34.1336],[-79.2089,34.1277],[-79.2144,34.1314],[-79.2208,34.1179],[-79.2487,34.0892],[-79.2466,34.0815],[-79.2411,34.08],[-79.2401,34.075],[-79.2464,34.0678],[-79.2466,34.0574],[-79.2596,34.0489],[-79.2674,34.0463],[-79.2846,34.0434],[-79.3009,34.0323],[-79.3053,34.0123],[-79.3127,34.0006],[-79.3215,34.0026],[-79.33,33.9963],[-79.3302,33.9868],[-79.3355,33.9737],[-79.3352,33.9609],[-79.3145,33.9429],[-79.3117,33.9206],[-79.3041,33.915],[-79.296,33.9031],[-79.2895,33.8993],[-79.2839,33.8983],[-79.2817,33.9015],[-79.2712,33.8982],[-79.2647,33.8922],[-79.259,33.8766],[-79.2608,33.8439],[-79.2527,33.837],[-79.249,33.8296],[-79.2512,33.8274],[-79.2562,33.8279],[-79.2591,33.8202],[-79.2576,33.8166],[-79.2451,33.7814],[-79.238,33.7744],[-79.2366,33.7644],[-79.2301,33.7611],[-79.2252,33.757],[-79.2208,33.7569],[-79.2181,33.7546],[-79.2176,33.7491],[-79.2144,33.7459],[-79.2125,33.7318],[-79.2081,33.7299],[-79.2026,33.7302],[-79.1989,33.7234],[-79.2007,33.717],[-79.1991,33.7156],[-79.1946,33.7155],[-79.1905,33.7059],[-79.1948,33.7069],[-79.196,33.7056],[-79.1961,33.7019],[-79.201,33.702],[-79.2071,33.7035],[-79.2104,33.7026],[-79.2248,33.7001],[-79.2304,33.6988],[-79.2315,33.6952],[-79.2349,33.6939],[-79.2458,33.6972],[-79.2463,33.7009],[-79.2408,33.7026],[-79.2402,33.7044],[-79.2423,33.7058],[-79.2584,33.7024],[-79.2639,33.7025],[-79.2678,33.7035],[-79.2649,33.7071],[-79.2649,33.7103],[-79.2693,33.7112],[-79.2721,33.7085],[-79.2754,33.7086],[-79.2753,33.7141],[-79.2697,33.7181],[-79.2718,33.7222],[-79.2819,33.716],[-79.2846,33.7178],[-79.2861,33.7229],[-79.2903,33.7325],[-79.2886,33.7374],[-79.2951,33.7444],[-79.2932,33.7539],[-79.3029,33.7627],[-79.3099,33.7751],[-79.3175,33.7802],[-79.3211,33.7934],[-79.3248,33.7989],[-79.3204,33.7989],[-79.3159,33.8011],[-79.3191,33.8066],[-79.3147,33.8088],[-79.3129,33.8128],[-79.3133,33.8179],[-79.3177,33.8215],[-79.3175,33.8288],[-79.3208,33.8312],[-79.3307,33.8327],[-79.3301,33.8372],[-79.3394,33.841],[-79.3455,33.8415],[-79.3522,33.8384],[-79.3538,33.8421],[-79.3659,33.8445],[-79.3907,33.8735],[-79.4049,33.8837],[-79.4059,33.8865],[-79.3981,33.8895],[-79.3986,33.8918],[-79.4047,33.8942],[-79.4152,33.8939],[-79.4496,33.9161],[-79.4473,33.9229],[-79.4522,33.9248],[-79.4572,33.9244],[-79.461,33.9309],[-79.4671,33.9296],[-79.4835,33.9407],[-79.4905,33.9499],[-79.4808,33.9629],[-79.4829,33.9693],[-79.5,33.9709],[-79.5157,33.993],[-79.513,34.0447],[-79.5271,34.0654],[-79.533,34.075],[-79.5332,34.0932],[-79.5269,34.1004],[-79.5165,34.0975],[-79.5158,34.0998],[-79.5146,34.1066],[-79.5195,34.1112],[-79.5244,34.1167],[-79.5181,34.1257],[-79.5203,34.1289],[-79.5281,34.1272],[-79.5319,34.1295],[-79.534,34.1355],[-79.5417,34.141],[-79.5448,34.1524],[-79.5531,34.1571],[-79.5623,34.1704],[-79.5694,34.175],[-79.5725,34.1855],[-79.5691,34.1909],[-79.5612,34.1981],[-79.5494,34.2025],[-79.5436,34.2188],[-79.544,34.2251],[-79.5473,34.2306],[-79.5559,34.2421],[-79.557,34.2453],[-79.5514,34.2489],[-79.5419,34.2487],[-79.5241,34.2517],[-79.5128,34.2575],[-79.5089,34.2592],[-79.5033,34.2651],[-79.4925,34.2754],[-79.4897,34.2776],[-79.4811,34.2884],[-79.4119,34.3007],[-79.3807,34.3007],[-79.3653,34.2964],[-79.3102,34.2701],[-79.2922,34.2803],[-79.2779,34.2719],[-79.2713,34.2696],[-79.2526,34.2593],[-79.2215,34.2593],[-79.2149,34.256],[-79.1752,34.2886],[-79.1282,34.2533]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Marion\",\"state\":\"SC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, 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The State was divided into eight regions based on hydrologic conditions, and separate multiple-regression equations were developed for each region. These equations relate annual flood magnitudes and frequencies to basin characteristics and are applicable only to natural-flow streams. In three of the regions, equations also were developed relating flood magnitudes and frequencies to basin characteristics and channel-geometry measurements. The standard errors of estimate for an exceedance probability of 1 percent ranged from 39 to 87 percent. Techniques are described for estimating annual flood-magnitude and flood-frequency information at ungaged sites based on data from gaged sites on the same stream. Included are curves relating flood-frequency information to drainage area for eight major streams in the State. Maximum known flood magnitudes in Montana are compared with estimated 1-percent-chance flood magnitudes and with maximum known floods in the United States.
Values of flood magnitudes for selected exceedance probabilities and values of significant basin characteristics and channel-geometry measurements for all gaging stations used in the analysis are tabulated. Included are 375 stations in Montana and 28 nearby stations in Canada and adjoining States.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a227","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Omang, R. J.","contributorId":31365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omang","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28945,"text":"wri854296 - 1986 - Flood-depth frequency relations for streams in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri854296","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4296","title":"Flood-depth frequency relations for streams in Alabama","docAbstract":"Equations were defined for estimating the depth of water for floods having recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 years on rural and urban streams in Alabama. Multiple regression analyses were made using the ' maximum RSQUARE improvement ' procedures. The dependent variable was the flood depth and the independent variables were 10 basin and climatic characteristics. For rural streams, drainage area size (0.44 to 1,344 sq mi) was the only statistically significant independent variable tested to estimate flood depths in six different hydrologic areas. Other variables affecting flood depth relations are reflected in the equation constant and coefficient for each hydrologic area. These account for differences in geologic and topographic characteristics. For urban streams, drainage area size (0.16 to 83.5 sq mi) and percent impervious area (8.3% to 42.9%) of the basin were the most significant independent variables tested to estimate flood depths. For most streams where the drainage area is > 1,344 sq mi, the drainage basin extends into more than one hydrologic area and the equations presented would not apply. Flood profile data and gaging station records are available from the U.S. Geological Survey for use in estimating flood depths for these large streams. Flood routing and historic flood profiles are also available for many of the large streams which have flood regulation. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854296","usgsCitation":"Olin, D., 1986, Flood-depth frequency relations for streams in Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4296, iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854296.","productDescription":"iv, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4296/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57821,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4296/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a0e4b07f02db494602","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olin, D.A.","contributorId":106905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26356,"text":"wri864172 - 1986 - Geohydrology and potential hydrologic effects of underground coal mining in the Rapid Creek Basin, Mesa County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri864172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4172","title":"Geohydrology and potential hydrologic effects of underground coal mining in the Rapid Creek Basin, Mesa County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Land Management may lease additional coal tracts in the Rapid Creek basin, Colorado. Springs in this basin are used as a water supply for the town of Palisade. The geohydrology of the basin is described and the potential hydrologic effects of underground coal mining in the basin summarized. Geologic formations in the basin consists of Cretaceous sandstone and shale, Tertiary sandstone, shale, and basalt, and unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. Some sandstone and coal beds are permeable, although bedrock in the basin typically is a confining bed. Unconsolidated deposits contain aquifers that are the source of spring discharge. Stream discharge was measured on Rapid and Cottonwood Creeks, and inventories were made of 7 reservoirs, 25 springs, and 12 wells. Specific conductance of streams ranged from 320 to 1,050 microsiemens/cm at 25C; pH ranged from 7.8 to 8.6. Specific conductance of springs ranged from 95 to 1,050 microsiemens/cm at 25C; pH ranged from 6.8 to 8.3. Discharge from the basin includes about 18,800 acre-ft/yr as evapotranspiration, 1,300 acre-ft/yr as springflow, 1,280 acre-ft/yr as streamflow, and negligible groundwater flow in bedrock. With appropriate mining methods, underground mining would not decrease flow in basin streams or from springs. The potential effects of mining-caused subsidence might include water-pipeline damage and temporary dewatering of bedrock adjacent to coal mining. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864172","usgsCitation":"Brooks, T., 1986, Geohydrology and potential hydrologic effects of underground coal mining in the Rapid Creek Basin, Mesa County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4172, iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864172.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55150,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4172/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55151,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8cc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Tom","contributorId":76356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27760,"text":"wri854306 - 1986 - Development of a water-use data system in Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:02:41","indexId":"wri854306","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4306","title":"Development of a water-use data system in Minnesota","docAbstract":"The Minnesota State Legislature passed laws as early as 1937 to regulate use of Minnesota's ground water and surface water through a permit system. Several unsuccessful attempts were made to computerize water-use data reported to the State. The U.S. Geological Survey, through the National Water-Use Information Program, assisted the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Minnesota State Planning Agency, Land Management Information Center, in developing MWUDS (Minnesota Water-Use Data System).
\nThe Minnesota Water-Use Data System stores data on the quantity of individual annual water withdrawals and discharges in relation to the water resources affected, provides descriptors for aggregation of data and trend analysis, and enables access to additional data contained in other data bases. MWUDS is stored on a computer at the Land Management Information Center, an agency associated with the State Planning Agency. Interactive menu-driven programs simplify data entry, update, and retrieval and are easy to use. Estimates of unreported water use supplement reported water use to completely describe the stress on the hydrologic system. Links or common elements developed in the MWUDS enable access to data available in other State waterrelated data bases, forming a water-resource information system. Water-use information can be improved by developing methods for increasing accuracy of reported water use and refining methods for estimating unreported water use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854306","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Minnesota State Planning Agency","usgsCitation":"Horn, M., 1986, Development of a water-use data system in Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4306, iv, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854306.","productDescription":"iv, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56608,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4306/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4306/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dff0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horn, M.A.","contributorId":92223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horn","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27961,"text":"wri864087 - 1986 - Brine contamination of shallow ground water and streams in the Brookhaven Oil Field, Lincoln County, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri864087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4087","title":"Brine contamination of shallow ground water and streams in the Brookhaven Oil Field, Lincoln County, Mississippi","docAbstract":"A hydrologic investigation to define areas of brine contamination in shallow freshwater aquifers commonly used for streams that drain the Brookhaven Oil Field, was conducted from October 1983 to September 1984. The Brookhaven Oil Field covers approximately 15 sq mi in northwestern Lincoln County, Mississippi. Since 1943, disposal of approximately 544.2 million barrels of brine pumped from the oil producing zone (lower part of the Tuscaloosa Formation) has contaminated the Citronelle aquifer, the Hattiesburg aquifers, and streams that drain the oil field. Approximately 5 sq mi of the shallow Citronelle aquifer contain water with chloride concentrations higher than normal for this area ( > 20 mg/L). Brine contamination has moved from the source laterally through the Citronelle aquifer to discharge into nearby streams and vertically into the underlying Hattiesburg aquifers. Contamination is most noticeable in Shaws Creek when streamflow originates primarily from groundwater inflow (approximately 87% of the time during the study). Additional study is required to define contaminant plumes, rates of groundwater movement and geohydrochemical reactions between the contaminant and aquifer materials. These data would allow accurate predictions of location, extent and degree of contamination in the study area. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864087","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S., 1986, Brine contamination of shallow ground water and streams in the Brookhaven Oil Field, Lincoln County, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4087, vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864087.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56777,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb362","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27379,"text":"wri854319 - 1986 - Water quality in the St Croix National Scenic Riverway, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-28T19:14:41.788527","indexId":"wri854319","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4319","title":"Water quality in the St Croix National Scenic Riverway, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a water-quality study of the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway. This report documents the water quality during the period 1975-83. The water quality is good for most uses and is a calcium bicarbonate type. Concentrations of most constituents analyzed were less than most sites in Wisconsin. Constituent loads and yields were alsg lower in the Sceiilc Riverway than in other Wisconsin streams. Water-quality samples were collected at 10 stations throughout the study area and were compared to analyses of samples from selected National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations (NASQAN) and the Hydrologic Bench-Mark NetWork (HBMN) station in Wisconsin.
\nThe average suspended-sediment concentration for 9 of the 10 stations in this study was 7.7 milligrams per liter. This compared with an average suspended-sediment concentration of 11 milligrams per liter for two other stations in the scenic riverway and an average suspended-sediment concentration of 110 milligrams per liter for Wisconsin. Concentrations of major cations and anions were generally below concentrations at other stations in the State. The concentrations of major cations and anions at two of the stations were similar to concentrations at the HBMN station Popple River near Fence. Mean total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0. 02 to 0. 08 milligram per liter at the study stations and from 0.03 to 0.16 milligram per liter at selected NASQAN stations. Concentrations of trace metals were below safe drinking water standards at all the study sites except for iron and manganese which exceeded drinking water standards at some of the study sites. Pesticides were sampled at the St. Croix River at St. Croix Falls and above and below cranberry bogs that drain into the Namekagon River. No pesticides were detected in the water/suspended-sediment mixture or bottom material.
\nAverage annual loads of suspended sediment, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and dissolved solids were calculated by a flow-duration curve method. Annual suspended-sediment loads ranged from 580 to 25,000 tons per year at the study stations. Annual suspended-sediment loads at the HBMN station and NASQAN stations ranged from 720 tons at the Popple River near Fence to 443,000 tons at the Chippewa River near Durand. Average annual total phosphorus loads ranged from 6,800 to 900,000 pounds at the study stations compared with 145,000 to 1 ,600,000 pounds at selected Wisconsin NASQAN stations.
\nYields for suspended sediment, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and dissolved solids at the study stations were consistently lower than at other stations in the State. Suspendedsediment yields ranged from 1.9 to 13.3 tons per square mile. The average suspended-sediment yield for Wisconsin is 80 tons per square mile. Total phosphorous and the other constituents exhibited the same trend.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854319","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., 1986, Water quality in the St Croix National Scenic Riverway, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4319, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854319.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407536,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36449.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56239,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4319/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4319/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix National Scenic Riverway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 46.64189395892874\n ],\n [\n -91.021728515625,\n 46.64189395892874\n ],\n [\n -91.021728515625,\n 44.69989765840318\n ],\n [\n -93.05419921875,\n 44.69989765840318\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9a3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28834,"text":"wri854334 - 1986 - Hydrogeology of sand-plain aquifers in Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties, east-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-03T19:27:52.356527","indexId":"wri854334","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4334","title":"Hydrogeology of sand-plain aquifers in Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties, east-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Sand-plain aquifers in parts of Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties in east-central Minnesota constitute a major aquifer system. They consist predominantly of fine to medium outwash sand with a combined areal extent of nearly 500 square miles. Saturated thickness in localized areas is as much as 90 feet. Depth to water generally is less than 20 feet. Transmissivities range from about 100 to 25,000 feet squared per day. Yields to properly constructed wells locally may exceed 2,000 gallons per minute. A reconnaissance of sandstone units underlying the outwash indicates that transmissivities of the sandstone aquifers range from 1,850 to 2,200 feet squared per day, and specific capacities range from 9 to 12 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown. Locally, wells may be capable of supplying several hundred gallons per minute. Regionally, the sand-plain and sandstone aquifers are poorly connected hydraulically at all locations tested except in a small localized area near Quamba in Kanabec County.
\nGround water in the sand-plain aquifers can be classified chemically, based on predominant ions, as a calcium bicarbonate type that is moderately hard. Concentrations of dissolved solids range from 30 to 610 milligrams per liter. Except for locally high concentrations of iron and manganese, the quality of water is within State drinking-water standards and is suitable for most uses. There are no major differences between the quality of water in the sand-plain and sandstone aquifers.
\nGround-water flow, aquifer response, aquifer development, and drought conditions were simulated for sand-plain aquifers areally extensive enough to be hydrologically significant. Simulation of expanded ground-water development and drought in northern Pine County indicates that regional ground-water levels may be lowered as much as 12 feet and ground-water discharge to streams may be reduced as much as 42 percent. Simulation of expanded development and drought in southern Pine County indicates that regional ground-water levels may be lowered as much as 25 feet and ground-water discharge to streams may be reduced as much as 65 percent. The simulations also indicate that each area, especially the northern Pine County area, will support substantial additional development without dewatering the aquifer or reducing streamflow significantly.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854334","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Onanegozie Resource Conservation and Development Project and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1986, Hydrogeology of sand-plain aquifers in Carlton, Kanabec, and Pine Counties, east-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4334, Report: vi, 66 p.; 4 Plates: 20.31 x 36.55 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854334.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 66 p.; 4 Plates: 20.31 x 36.55 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36460.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Carlton County, Kanabec County, Pine 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C. F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30078,"text":"wri864011 - 1986 - Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri864011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4011","title":"Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The Piceance basin of northwestern Colorado contains large resources of oil shale, nahcolite, and dawsonite. Development of these minerals will require drainage of water from mines. A six-layer hydrologic model of the basin was prepared to simulate mine drainage for mineral development. Streams and major tributaries were simulated as head-dependent nodes. Stream nodes were gaining or losing, but the rate of loss was constrained by the leakance of the streambed and the stream stage. Springs also were simulated as head-dependent nodes that stop flowing if the aquifer head declines below the spring orifice. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864011","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1986, Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4011, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864011.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. 1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58888,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28829,"text":"wri854251 - 1986 - Geohydrology of the aquifers that may be affected by the surface mining of coal in the Fruitland Formation in the San Juan Basin, northwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri854251","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4251","title":"Geohydrology of the aquifers that may be affected by the surface mining of coal in the Fruitland Formation in the San Juan Basin, northwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"A monitoring network of 50 wells was installed from 1975 to 1979 in the surface-mineable coal area. The purpose of the network was to collect hydrologic data and to establish a data base. The hydrologic data consist of water level measurements, water chemistry, and selected aquifer characteristics. The four aquifers considered in this study are: (1) The Pictured Cliffs Sandstone; (2) coal seams and interbedded lithologic units of the Fruitland Formation; (3) overburden of the Kirtland Shale and Fruitland Formation; and (4) the alluvium along the Chaco River and its eastern and northeastern tributaries. Five sites were selected for study. Four of these sites, Western Coal Company 's lease near Fruitland, Bisti West, Kimbeto, and Ojo Encino, have surface-mineable coal. The Chaco River alluvium was selected because it is downstream from anticipated mining activity. The specific conductances of the representative water samples from selected wells in the 4 aquifers in the 5 study areas ranged from 800 to 23,000 microsiemens/cm at 25 C. The dominant cation in all samples was sodium. The water is brackish in the Pictured Cliffs Sandstone and in the coal seams and interbedded lithologic units of the Fruitland Formation. It is fresh to saline in the overburden of the Fruitland Shale and Fruitland Formation, and fresh to brackish in the Chaco River alluvium. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854251","usgsCitation":"Myers, R.G., and Villanueva, E., 1986, Geohydrology of the aquifers that may be affected by the surface mining of coal in the Fruitland Formation in the San Juan Basin, northwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4251, vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854251.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4251/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4251/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8896","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Myers, R. G.","contributorId":30642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Villanueva, E.D.","contributorId":41048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villanueva","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28312,"text":"wri854208 - 1986 - An evaluation of water-quality data from Hydrologic Accounting Unit 051100, Green River Basin, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri854208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4208","title":"An evaluation of water-quality data from Hydrologic Accounting Unit 051100, Green River Basin, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Streamflow and water quality data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet from 37 sites in the Green River basin were compared to data from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) Station, Green River near Beech Grove, Kentucky. This comparison was used to determine variability of water quality data throughout the basin, and to determine if water quality data from the NASQAN station were representative of water quality data upstream. Water quality concentrations, yields, and trends were studied. Water quality data from the NASQAN station were fairly representative conditions throughout the basin for specific conductance, pH, phosphorus and nitrogen, but were not representative for chloride, sulfate, iron, and water temperature. Water quality characteristics which were not representative can generally be attributed to impacts of specific land uses such as coal mining or oil production. Mean concentrations of suspended sediment were similar, but extreme concentrations varied throughout the basin. There were no temporal trends detected in instantaneous streamflow, sulfate, or total iron concentrations. Specific conductance was increasing at three stations and decreasing at one, chloride was increasing at two stations and decreasing at one, phosphorus was increasing at two stations, dissolved iron was increasing at one station and decreasing at one, pH was increasing at three stations and decreasing at two, suspended sediment was increasing at one station and decreasing at one, and water temperature was decreasing at two stations. The NASQAN station had increasing trends in chloride, phosphorus, pH, and suspended sediment, and a decreasing trend in water temperature with time. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854208","usgsCitation":"Leist, D.W., 1986, An evaluation of water-quality data from Hydrologic Accounting Unit 051100, Green River Basin, Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4208, vii, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854208.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57124,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68356b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leist, David W.","contributorId":77521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leist","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26820,"text":"wri874009 - 1986 - U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194908,"text":"70194908 - 1986 - Beatty, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)","indexId":"70194908","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Beatty, Nevada: A section in U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":26820,"text":"wri874009 - 1986 - U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985","indexId":"wri874009","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T14:59:12","indexId":"wri874009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4009","title":"U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985","docAbstract":"The report summarizes progress on geologic and hydrologic research related to the disposal of radioactive wastes. The research is described according to whether it is related most directly to: (1) high-level and transuranic wastes, (2) low-level wastes, or (3) uranium mill tailings. Included is research applicable to the identification and geohydrologic characterization of waste-disposal sites, to investigations of specific sites where wastes have been stored, and to studies of regions or environments where waste-disposal sites might be located. A significant part of the activity is concerned with techniques and methods for characterizing disposal sites and studies of geologic and hydrologic processes related to the transport and (or) retention of waste radionuclides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/wri874009","usgsCitation":"Dinwiddie, G., and Trask, N., 1986, U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4009, vi, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874009.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55702,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db6121be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dinwiddie, G.A.","contributorId":49798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinwiddie","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trask, N.J.","contributorId":31729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trask","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28267,"text":"wri854238 - 1986 - Hydrology and effects of mining in the upper Russell Fork basin, Buchanan and Dickenson counties, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri854238","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4238","title":"Hydrology and effects of mining in the upper Russell Fork basin, Buchanan and Dickenson counties, Virginia","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854238","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.D., and Powell, J.D., 1986, Hydrology and effects of mining in the upper Russell Fork basin, Buchanan and Dickenson counties, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4238, viii, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854238.","productDescription":"viii, 63 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4238/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57089,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4238/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, J. D.","contributorId":83084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"J.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, John D.","contributorId":6045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28791,"text":"wri854303 - 1986 - Preliminary evaluation of the basal sandstone in Tennessee for receiving injected wastes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri854303","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4303","title":"Preliminary evaluation of the basal sandstone in Tennessee for receiving injected wastes","docAbstract":"The EPA is authorized, under the Safe Drinking Water Act, to administer the Underground Injection Control program. This program allows for the regulation of deep-well disposal of wastes and establishes criteria to protect underground sources of drinking water from contamination. The basal sandstone in Tennessee occurs west of the Valley and Ridge province at depths of 5,000 to 9,000 ft below land surface. The basal sandstone consists of about 30 to 750 ft of Cambrian sandstone overlying the crystalline basement complex. The basal sandstone is overlain and confined by shale and carbonate rocks of the Middle and Upper Cambrian Conasauga Group. Hydrologic data for the basal sandstone, available from only three sites (four wells) in Tennessee, indicate that the basal sandstone generally has low porosity and permeability with a few zones having enough permeability to accept injected fluids. Limited water quality data indicate the basal sandstone contains water with dissolved solids concentrations exceeding 10,000 mg/L. Since the dissolved-solids concentrations exceed 10,000 mg/L, the basal sandstone is not classified as an underground source of drinking water according to EPA regulations. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854303","usgsCitation":"Mulderink, D., and Bradley, M.W., 1986, Preliminary evaluation of the basal sandstone in Tennessee for receiving injected wastes: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4303, iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854303.","productDescription":"iii, 9 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2316,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri85-4303","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bf47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulderink, Dolores","contributorId":64667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulderink","given":"Dolores","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, M. W.","contributorId":40610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28157,"text":"wri844271 - 1986 - Hydrologic appraisal of the Pine Barrens, Suffolk County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri844271","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4271","title":"Hydrologic appraisal of the Pine Barrens, Suffolk County, New York","docAbstract":"The groundwater resources of the Pine Barrens, in southeastern Suffolk County, were appraised during 1982-83 for their potential for use as a supply of potable water. The study area encompasses approximately 50 square miles. The Precambrian bedrock is overlain by Cretaceous, Pleistocene, and Holocene deposits. The surficial material consists of morainal and outwash deposits overlain by recent beach and marsh deposits. The groundwater reservoir consists of three aquifers--the Lloyd and the Magothy of Cretaceous age and the upper glacial of Pleistocene age. The water is generally of suitable quality for drinking and most other uses except in several localized spots where point-source contamination has been documented. Precipitation is the sole source of recharge. Average annual precipitation recorded in the area during 1943-82 was 43 inches, about half of which reaches the groundwater reservoir. Overland runoff is estimated to be 0.5 inches per year, and evapotranspiration 23 inches per year. Total public water-supply withdrawal in the area in 1982 is estimated to have been 9.09 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). The upper glacial aquifer is the major source of public water; pumpage in 1982 was 7.88 Mgal/d; pumpage from the Magothy was 1.02 Mgal/d, and pumpage from the Lloyd aquifer was 0.19 Mgal/d. Stream discharge is measured periodically at 17 streamflow measurement sites on the 11 streams in the Pine Barrens. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844271","usgsCitation":"Krulikas, R., 1986, Hydrologic appraisal of the Pine Barrens, Suffolk County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4271, vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844271.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121641,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4271/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56987,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4271/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611774","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krulikas, R.K.","contributorId":81102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krulikas","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":32606,"text":"pp1134E - 1986 - Geochemical variability of soils and biogeochemical variability of plants in the Piceance Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:19","indexId":"pp1134E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1134","chapter":"E","title":"Geochemical variability of soils and biogeochemical variability of plants in the Piceance Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Geochemical baselines for native soils and biogeochemical baselines for plants in the Piceance basin provide data that can be used to assess geochemical and biogeochemical effects of oil-shale development, monitor changes in the geochemical and biogeochemical environment during development, and assess the degree of success of rehabilitation of native materials after development. Baseline values for 52 properties in native soils, 15 properties in big sagebrush, and 13 properties in western wheatgrass were established. Our Study revealed statistically significant regional variations of the following properties across the basin: in soil&-aluminum, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, sodium, nickel, phosphorus, lead, scandium, titanium, vanadium, zinc, organic and total carbon, pH, clay, dolomite, sodium feldspar, and DTPA-extractable calcium, cadmium, iron, potassium, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, yttrium, and zinc; in big sagebrush-barium, calcium, copper, magnesium, molybdenum, sodium, strontium, zinc, and ash; and in western wheatgrass-boron, barium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, strontium, zinc, and ash. These variations show up as north-south trends across the basin, or they reflect differences in elevation, hydrology, and soil parent material. Baseline values for properties that do not have statistically significant regional variations can be represented by geometric means and deviations calculated from all values within the basin. \r\n\r\nChemical and mineralogical analyses of soil and chemical analyses of western wheatgrass samples from Colorado State University's experimental revegetation plot at Anvil Points provide data useful in assessing potential effects on soil and plant properties when largescale revegetation operations begin. The concentrations of certain properties are related to the presence of topsoil over spent shale in the lysimeters. In soils, calcium, fluorine, lithium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, strontium, carbonate and total carbon, and DTPA-extractable boron, copper, iron, magnesium, and nickel have lower concentrations in topsoil than in the spent oil shale; whereas, silicon, titanium, ytterbium, clay, quartz, and DTPA-extractable potassium have greater concentrations in the topsoil than in the spent oil shale. In western wheatgrass, molybdenum has a lower concentration in grasses growing on the topsoil than in grasses on the spent oil shale; whereas, barium, calcium, manganese, strontium, zinc, and ash have greater concentrations in grasses growing on the topsoil than on the spent oil shale. When compared to baseline values, soils in the revegetation plot are significantly higher in concentrations of lead, zinc, organic and total carbon, and DTP A-extractable cadmium, iron, manganese, nickel, phosphorus, and zinc. Whereas, western wheatgrass grown within the revegetation plot has concentrations which fall within the baseline values established in the regional study. \r\n\r\nThe equations used in predicting concentrations of elements in plants from native and altered sites are cumbersome because of the large number of variables required to adequately predict expected concentrations and are of limited use because many explained only a small proportion of the total variation.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1134E","usgsCitation":"Tuttle, M.L., Severson, R.C., Dean, W., and Klusman, R., 1986, Geochemical variability of soils and biogeochemical variability of plants in the Piceance Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1134, p. E1-E46, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1134E.","productDescription":"p. E1-E46","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1134e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60463,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1134e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b20e4b07f02db6ab97e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, W.E.","contributorId":97099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klusman, R.W.","contributorId":93108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klusman","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":208774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44421,"text":"wri864084 - 1986 - Maps showing altitude of the potentiometric surface and changes in water levels in the aquifer in the Sparta and Memphis Sands in eastern Arkansas, spring 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:31","indexId":"wri864084","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4084","title":"Maps showing altitude of the potentiometric surface and changes in water levels in the aquifer in the Sparta and Memphis Sands in eastern Arkansas, spring 1985","docAbstract":"Aquifers in the Tertiary Sparta and Memphis Sands are a major source of water supply for much of eastern and south-central Arkansas. Major withdrawals occur from the aquifer for industrial and public supply, with generally lesser but locally significant amounts withdrawn for agricultural uses. Water level data from wells tapping the artesian aquifer in the Sparta and Memphis Sands indicate steadily declining water levels in some areas where relatively large withdrawals occur. In addition, a simulation of water levels using projected withdrawals to the year 1990 indicated increasing water level declines in the aquifer. Because of the potential quantity and quality problems, the continual monitoring of water levels in the aquifer in the Sparta and Memphis Sands is essential for proper aquifer management and the continuation of the use of the aquifer as a major source of water for much of eastern and south-central Arkansas. The U.S. Geological Survey with the cooperation of the Arkansas Geological Commission has been monitoring water levels in the aquifer in the Sparta and Memphis Sands annually throughout the aquifer 's extent within the State of Arkansas. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Geological Commission and the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission interprets water level data through hydrologic maps of the potentiometric surface and water level changes. The potentiometric surface map is based on water levels collected in the spring of 1985. The water level change map is based on a comparison of water levels collected in the spring of 1980 and 1985. This report includes the Sparta Sand and most of the Memphis Sand aquifer within the State of Arkansas. Little or no data are available in the northeastern part of the State where limited withdrawals from the aquifer occur. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri864084","usgsCitation":"Edds, J., and Fitzpatrick, D., 1986, Maps showing altitude of the potentiometric surface and changes in water levels in the aquifer in the Sparta and Memphis Sands in eastern Arkansas, spring 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4084, 1 over-sized sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864084.","productDescription":"1 over-sized sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":173196,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81720,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4084/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db60461f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edds, Joe","contributorId":48532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edds","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, D. J.","contributorId":33313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26570,"text":"wri854297 - 1986 - Manual for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of natural-flow streams in the Colorado River basin in Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri854297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4297","title":"Manual for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of natural-flow streams in the Colorado River basin in Utah","docAbstract":"Methods are presented for estimating 10 streamflow characteristics at three types of sites on natural flow streams in the Colorado River Basin in Utah. The streamflow characteristics include average discharge and annual maximum 1-, 7-, and 15-day mean discharges for recurrence intervals of 10, 50 and 100 years. At or near gaged sites, two methods weight gaging station data with regression equation values to estimate streamflow characteristics. At sites on ungaged streams, a method estimates streamflow characteristics using regression equations. The regression equations relate the streamflow characteristics to the following basin and climatic characteristics: contributing drainage area, mean basin elevation, mean annual precipitation, main channel slope, and forested area. Separate regression equations were developed for four hydrologically distinct regions in the study area. The standard error of estimate for the 10 streamflow characteristics ranges from 13% to 87%. Basin, climatic, and streamflow characteristics, available as of September 30, 1981, are presented for 135 gaging stations in Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and Wyoming. In addition, weighted estimates of the streamflow characteristics based on station data and the regression equation estimates are provided for most gaging stations. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854297","usgsCitation":"Christensen, R., Johnson, E., and Plantz, G., 1986, Manual for estimating selected streamflow characteristics of natural-flow streams in the Colorado River basin in Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4297, vi, 38 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854297.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4297/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55434,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4297/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55435,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4297/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aec8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, R.C.","contributorId":56670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, E.B.","contributorId":77953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"E.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plantz, G.G.","contributorId":79103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plantz","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}