This report, which was prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District, presents data on water-level changes during 1977-84 and 1983-84 in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers (figs. 1-4) and data on measured compaction 1973-84 (fig. 5).
\nWater levels in about 550 wells were used to construct the maps showing water-level changes. Compaction data were obtained from 12 wells equipped with compaction monitors (fig. 6).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84140","usgsCitation":"Strause, J.L., 1984, Approximate water-level changes in wells in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, 1977-84 and 1983-84, and measured compaction, 1973-84, in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-140, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84140.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":410413,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_13287.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":79467,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0140/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0140/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Houston-Galveston region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.80579515487904,\n 30.165780491487823\n ],\n [\n -95.80579515487904,\n 29.180649060553577\n ],\n [\n -94.7319180936855,\n 29.180649060553577\n ],\n [\n -94.7319180936855,\n 30.165780491487823\n ],\n [\n -95.80579515487904,\n 30.165780491487823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a1f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Strause, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":61420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strause","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":225473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":42245,"text":"ofr83946 - 1984 - Bedrock topography of central Iowa","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":42245,"text":"ofr83946 - 1984 - Bedrock topography of central Iowa","indexId":"ofr83946","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock topography of central Iowa"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66098,"text":"i1609 - 1985 - Bedrock topography of central Iowa","indexId":"i1609","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock topography of central Iowa"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":66098,"text":"i1609 - 1985 - Bedrock topography of central Iowa","indexId":"i1609","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock topography of central Iowa"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:28","indexId":"ofr83946","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-946","title":"Bedrock topography of central Iowa","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr83946","usgsCitation":"Hansen, R., 1984, Bedrock topography of central Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 83-946, 1 map on 2 sheets :photocopy ;98 x 139 cm., on sheets 127 x 77 and 132 x 88 cm. +1 pamphlet (9 leaves ; 28 cm), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr83946.","productDescription":"1 map on 2 sheets :photocopy ;98 x 139 cm., on sheets 127 x 77 and 132 x 88 cm. +1 pamphlet (9 leaves ; 28 cm)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, R.E.","contributorId":57109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":226156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29973,"text":"wri834223 - 1984 - Estimate of self-supplied domestic water use in Oklahoma during 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri834223","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4223","title":"Estimate of self-supplied domestic water use in Oklahoma during 1980","docAbstract":"Reported or measured water-use data for the domestic self-supplied user were not available for Oklahoma; therefore estimates of water use within this classification were derived. The total self-supplied population in Oklahoma during 1980 was estimated to be 343,615, which was 11.4 percent of the total 1980 State population. The rate of water use by this group was estimated to be 56 gallons per capita per day. The estimated annual domestic self-supplied water use by county ranged from 10 to 1,180 acre-feet, with a total statewide use of 21,610 acre-feet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834223","usgsCitation":"Stoner, J., 1984, Estimate of self-supplied domestic water use in Oklahoma during 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4223, iii, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834223.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122749,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4223/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58785,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4223/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18561,"text":"ofr84132 - 1984 - Water quality of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary; hydrologic data report supplement, 1979 through 1981 water years","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:32","indexId":"ofr84132","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-132","title":"Water quality of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary; hydrologic data report supplement, 1979 through 1981 water years","docAbstract":"This report is a companion report to the U.S. Geological Survey 1979, 1980, and 1981 Hydrologic Data Reports of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. It contains values of biochemical oxygen demand and specific rate constants, incident light and light attenuation measurements; numbers of phytoplankton, fecal coliform and fecal streptococci, cross-sectional averages from field measurements of dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance , and temperature data; and cross-sectional averages of chlorophyll data. Sewage treatment plant loads are also included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nOpen-File Services Section, Western Distribution Branch,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84132","usgsCitation":"Coupe, R., and Webb, W., 1984, Water quality of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary; hydrologic data report supplement, 1979 through 1981 water years: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-132, iii, 360 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84132.","productDescription":"iii, 360 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151606,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0132/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47913,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0132/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9817","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coupe, R.H.","contributorId":84778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coupe","given":"R.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Webb, W.E.","contributorId":85247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Webb","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8200,"text":"ofr85104 - 1984 - ENSTA; a program to calculate orthopyroxene compositions from X-ray data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:59","indexId":"ofr85104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-104","title":"ENSTA; a program to calculate orthopyroxene compositions from X-ray data","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr85104","usgsCitation":"Carlson, C., and Moring, B., 1984, ENSTA; a program to calculate orthopyroxene compositions from X-ray data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-104, 7 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85104.","productDescription":"7 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140216,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, C.A.","contributorId":85178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moring, Barry","contributorId":80692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moring","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":8267,"text":"ofr84627 - 1984 - Stability of slopes below the Sherwood Uranium Mine, Spokane Indian Reservation, northeastern Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:59","indexId":"ofr84627","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-627","title":"Stability of slopes below the Sherwood Uranium Mine, Spokane Indian Reservation, northeastern Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr84627","usgsCitation":"Chleborad, A., and Schuster, R.L., 1984, Stability of slopes below the Sherwood Uranium Mine, Spokane Indian Reservation, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-627, ii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84627.","productDescription":"ii, 55 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140096,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0627/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":35880,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0627/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":35881,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0627/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chleborad, A.F.","contributorId":17990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chleborad","given":"A.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuster, R. L.","contributorId":19135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuster","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":157457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28853,"text":"wri844110 - 1984 - Flood frequency and storm runoff of urban areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri844110","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4110","title":"Flood frequency and storm runoff of urban areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Techniques are presented for estimating the magnitude and frequency of peak discharges and storm runoff on stream in urban areas of Memphis, Tennessee. Comprehensive analyses were made in which physical characteristics of streams are related to snythetic flood characteristics at gaging stations. Equations derived from analyses provide estimates of peak discharges with recurrence intervals of 2 to 100 years on streams that have drainage areas less than 20 square miles. The regression analyses indicated that size of drainage area and condition of channel (paved or unpaved) are the most significant basin characteristics affecting the magnitude and frequency of floods in urban streams. Data from 27 gaging stations with 8 years of record were used in the analyses. Flood frequency at each gaging station was computed from calibrated parameters in a rainfall-runoff model. Techniques are also presented for estimating discharge hydrographs for individual floods by using the unit hydrograph, lag time, and rainfall excess. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844110","usgsCitation":"Neely, B., 1984, Flood frequency and storm runoff of urban areas of Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4110, iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844110.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118804,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_84_4110.jpg"},{"id":2338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri844110","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5ef1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neely, B.L.","contributorId":90344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neely","given":"B.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28535,"text":"wri844123 - 1984 - Cost effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey's stream-gaging program in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri844123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4123","title":"Cost effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey's stream-gaging program in Illinois","docAbstract":"Data uses and funding sources were identified for 138 continuous-record discharge-gaging stations currently (1983) operated as part of the stream-gaging program in Illinois. Streamflow data from five of those stations are used only for regional hydrology studies. Most streamflow data are used for defining regional hydrology, defining rainfall-runoff relations, flood forecasting, regulating navigation systems, and water-quality sampling. Based on the evaluations of data use and of alternative methods for determining streamflow in place of stream gaging, no stations in the 1983 stream-gaging program should be deactivated. The current budget (in 1983 dollars) for operating the 138-station program is $768,000 per year. The average standard error of instantaneous discharge for the current practice for visiting the gaging stations is 36.5 percent. Missing stage record accounts for one-third of the 36.5 percent average standard error. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri844123","usgsCitation":"Mades, D., and Oberg, K.A., 1984, Cost effectiveness of the U.S. Geological Survey's stream-gaging program in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4123, v, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844123.","productDescription":"v, 107 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57348,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mades, D. M.","contributorId":40230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mades","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, K. A.","contributorId":67553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2108,"text":"wsp2196A - 1984 - Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":9998,"text":"ofr82251 - 1982 - Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida","indexId":"ofr82251","publicationYear":"1982","noYear":false,"title":"Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2108,"text":"wsp2196A - 1984 - Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida","indexId":"wsp2196A","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:23","indexId":"wsp2196A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2196","chapter":"A","title":"Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida","docAbstract":"The Apalachicola River in northwest Florida is part of a three-State drainage basin encompassing 50,800 km 2 in Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. The river is formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint Rivers at Jim Woodruff Dam from which it flows 171 km to Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico. Its average annual discharge at Chattahoochee, Fla., is 690 m3/s (1958-80) with annual high flows averaging nearly 3,000 m3/s. Its flood plain supports 450 km 2 of bottom-land hardwood and tupelo-cypress forests. \r\n\r\nThe Apalachicola River Quality Assessment focuses on the hydrology and productivity of the flood-plain forest. The purpose of this part of the assessment is to address river and flood-plain hydrology, flood-plain tree species and forest types, and water and tree relations. Seasonal stage fluctuations in the upper river are three times greater than in the lower river. Analysis of long-term streamflow record revealed that 1958-79 average annual and monthly flows and flow durations were significantly greater than those of 1929-57, probably because of climatic changes. However, stage durations for the later period were equal to or less than those of the earlier period. Height of natural riverbank levees and the size and distribution of breaks in the levees have a major controlling effect on flood-plain hydrology. Thirty-two kilometers upstream of the bay, a flood-plain stream called the Brothers River was commonly under tidal influence during times of low flow in the 1980 water year. At the same distance upstream of the bay, the Apalachicola River was not under tidal influence during the 1980 water year. \r\n\r\nOf the 47 species of trees sampled, the five most common were wet-site species constituting 62 percent of the total basal area. In order of abundance, they were water tupelo, Ogeechee tupelo, baldcypress, Carolina ash, and swamp tupelo. Other common species were sweetgum, overcup oak, planertree, green ash, water hickory, sugarberry, and diamond-leaf oak. Five forest types were defined on the basis of species predominance by basal area. Biomass increased downstream and was greatest in forests growing on permanently saturated soils. \r\n\r\nDepth of water, duration of inundation and saturation, and water-level fluctuation, but not water velocity, were highly correlated with forest types. Most forest types dominated by tupelo and bald-cypress grew on permanently saturated soils that were inundated by flood waters 50 to 90 percent of the time, or an average of 75 to 225 consecutive days during the growing season from 1958 to 1980. Most forest types dominated by other species grew in areas that were saturated or inundated 5 to 25 percent of the time, or an average of 5 to 40 consecutive days during the growing season from 1958 to 1980. Water and tree relations varied with river location because range in water-level fluctuation and topographic relief in the flood plain diminished downstream.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2196A","usgsCitation":"Leitman, H.M., Sohm, J.E., and Franklin, M.A., 1984, Wetland hydrology and tree distribution of the Apalachicola River flood plain, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2196, vii, 52 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2196A.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p. :ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2196a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":27683,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2196a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leitman, Helen M.","contributorId":62196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitman","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sohm, James E.","contributorId":52553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohm","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Franklin, Marvin A.","contributorId":87526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franklin","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":10730,"text":"ofr84750 - 1984 - Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T16:00:28","indexId":"ofr84750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-750","title":"Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas","docAbstract":"Overland runoff from urban areas can cause concentrations of some water-quality constituents in local receiving streams to increase. The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment investigated the water-quality characteristics of streams draining Topeka, Kansas, and adjacent parts of the Shunganunga Creek basin from October 1979 through November 1981. The purpose of this investigation was to provide the data and interpretation necessary to determine the effects of runoff from urban areas on the water-quality characteristics of receiving streams.
Water-quality characteristics for three streamflow conditions were determined: (1) dry-weather streamflow--a combination of base flow and point-source contributions, (2) storm streamflow--mainly provided by overland runoff from storms, and (3) snowmelt streamflow- mainly provided by overland runoff from snowmelt.
Median concentrations of trace metals and nutrients were larger in storm streamflow than in dry-weather streamflow. Median concentrations of total lead and zinc were largest in storm streamflow from the more urban basins. Regression equations were developed to estimate median concentrations of total lead and zinc in storm streamflow from the percentage of drainage area in residential plus commercial land-use areas (correlation coefficients were 0.98 for total lead and 0.88 for total zinc); and from street density in lane miles per square mile (correlation coefficients were 0.89 for total lead and 0.84 for total zinc). Median concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus averaged, respectively, 76-percent and 70-percent larger during storm streamflow than during dry-weather streamflow and were largest in storm streamflow from the more agricultural basins.
Median concentrations of dissolved sodium, chloride, and solids in snowmelt streamflow at all study sites averaged 218-percent larger for dissolved sodium, 296-percent larger for dissolved chloride, and 71-percent larger for dissolved solids relative to median concentrations in dry-weather streamflow. Regression equations also were developed to estimate median concentrations of dissolved sodium, chloride, and solids in snowmelt streamflow from the summation of percentages of the drainage area in residential, commercial, and industrial land-use areas (correlation coefficients were 0.97 for each of the three relationships) and from street density in lane miles per square mile (correlation coefficients were 0.93 for dissolved sodium and 0.94 for both dissolved chloride and dissolved solids).
Multiple-correlation and regression analysis relating storm-runoff volumes and average constituent concentrations to land-use and storm characteristics produced significant relations (0.05 level of significance) for storm-runoff volume (0.81 coefficient of determination), total lead (0.71 coefficient of determination), total zinc (0.50 coefficient of determination), and suspended sediment (0.58 coefficient of determination).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr84750","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., and Bevans, H.E., 1984, Relation of urban land-use and dry-weather, storm, and snowmelt flow characteristics to stream-water quality, Shunganunga Creek basin, Topeka, Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 84-750, vi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr84750.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":143526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0750/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":346272,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1984/0750/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","city":"Topeka","otherGeospatial":"Shunganunga Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.84747314453125,\n 38.96154447940714\n ],\n [\n -95.53985595703124,\n 38.96154447940714\n ],\n [\n -95.53985595703124,\n 39.131125517089906\n ],\n [\n -95.84747314453125,\n 39.131125517089906\n ],\n [\n -95.84747314453125,\n 38.96154447940714\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Larry M.","contributorId":93455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bevans, Hugh E.","contributorId":11589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bevans","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":161869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28081,"text":"wri844222 - 1984 - Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri844222","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4222","title":"Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida","docAbstract":"Construction of the Tampa Bypass Canal, Florida has resulted in an increase in streamflow from the canal area. Base-flow discharge is more than twice preconstruction amounts. Discharge from springs has decreased by one half or more. Ground-water levels show an increase of up to 4 feet near structure S-160 due to impoundment of water. Elsewhere, levels have generally decreased by 2 to 4 feet. Some minor changes in water quality have occurred. Some of the changes, however, may be attributed to factors other than canal construction. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844222","usgsCitation":"Knutilla, R., and Corral, M.A., 1984, Impacts of the Tampa Bypass Canal system on the areal hydrology, Hillsborough County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4222, vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844222.","productDescription":"vi, 65 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4222/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4222/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a04e4b07f02db5f854c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knutilla, R. L.","contributorId":65451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knutilla","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Corral, M. A.","contributorId":25201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corral","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":3678,"text":"cir922A - 1984 - Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the Northwest European region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:24","indexId":"cir922A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"922","chapter":"A","title":"Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the Northwest European region","docAbstract":"The estimates of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources in the northwest European region at probability levels of 95 percent, 5 percent, statistical mean, and mode are for oil (in billions of barrels): 9, 34, 20, and 15; and for gas (in trillions of cubic feet): 92, 258, 167, and 162. The occurrence of petroleum can be accounted for in two distinct geological plays located in the various subbasins of the region. Play I is associated with the distribution of mature source rocks of Late Jurassic age relative to four distinct trapping conditions. The play has been demonstrated productive mostly in the Viking and Central Grabens of the North Sea, where the shale has been buried to optimum depths for the generation of both oil and gas. To the north of 62 ? N. latitude up to the Barents Sea, source rocks become increasingly deeply buried and are interpreted to be dominantly gas prone; a narrow band of potentially oil-prone shales tracks most of the coast of Norway, but water depths in favorable localities commonly range from 600 to 1,200 feet. To the south of the Central Graben, the Jurassic source rocks are either immature or minimally productive because of a change in facies. Undrilled traps remain within the favorable source-rock area, and exploration will continue to challenge the boundaries of conventional wisdom, especially on the Norwegian side where little has .been reported on the geology of the adjoining Bergen High or Horda Basin, though, reportedly, the Jurassic source rocks are missing on the high and are immature in the southern part of the basin. \r\n\r\nPlay II is associated with the distribution of a coal facies of Carboniferous age that is mature for the generation of gas and locally underlies favorable reservoir and sealing rocks. The play is limited largely by facies development to the present area of discovery and production but is limited as well to the southeast into onshore Netherlands and Germany by the unfavorable economics of an increasing nitrogen content in the gas. This increase is apparently caused by excessive temperatures associated with increasing depth of burial of the source rock. \r\n\r\nThe history of discovery in the North Sea would appear to deny the commonly held maxim that large fields are found first and early in the exploration process. However, if the discovery data are examined from the perspective of the award date of each exploration license, then it is clear that the largest fields and most of the reserves have indeed been found early in the exploration process of a particular license. Discoveries made within 1 year of granting the license are on average large giants, and they account for slightly less than two-thirds of the original reserves. Discoveries made within 2 to 5 years of the granting of the license are on average less than giant size and smaller than increment-l-year discoveries by a factor of 4; these fields account for a little less than one-third of the reserves. Those fields found 6 or more years after the granting of the license are relatively small and account for 20 percent of all discoveries but only 4 percent of total original reserves. These data suggest that a measure of an area's exploration maturity is the length of time elapsed since the award of the concession.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir922A","usgsCitation":"Masters, C.D., and Klemme, H.D., 1984, Assessment of undiscovered conventionally recoverable petroleum resources of the Northwest European region: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 922, vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir922A.","productDescription":"vi, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0922a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30726,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0922a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671c62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masters, Charles D.","contributorId":38969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masters","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klemme, H. Douglas","contributorId":80653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemme","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28488,"text":"wri844049 - 1984 - Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri844049","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4049","title":"Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York","docAbstract":"Flood-discharge profiles of 10 streams in Rockland County at six recurrence intervals ranging from 2 to 100 years are presented. Synthetic flood-frequency estimates were derived for nine rainfall-runoff sites from calibrated models; observed flood-frequency estimates were derived for three sites having long-term discharge records. A variance-weighting technique was applied to compare the synthetic flood-frequency estimates with the observed (gaged) estimates and estimates computed at each site from regional regression equations. For ungaged locations on the 10 streams, flood-frequency relationships were derived from regional regression equations previously developed for New Jersey streams. Regional analysis indicated the most significant basin characteristics to be drainage area, streambed slope, storage, and amount of impervious cover. A method for refining (weighting) flood-frequency estimates at selected ungaged locations near rainfall-runoff and (or) long-term gaged sites is given. This report explains analytical methods and includes a list of basin characteristics at several locations along each stream and a table of peak discharges for the six recurrence intervals at 13 gaging stations. The profiles enable the determination of flood discharge at all locations having a drainage area greater than 1 square mile on the 10 streams. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844049","usgsCitation":"Lumia, R., 1984, Flood-discharge profiles of selected streams in Rockland County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4049, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844049.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4049/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57285,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4049/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57286,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4049/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":199896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4195,"text":"cir913 - 1984 - Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-22T12:05:09","indexId":"cir913","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"913","title":"Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983","docAbstract":"The surface level of Great Salt Lake, Utah, fluctuates continuously, primarily in response to climatic factors. During 1847-1982 the lake surface fluctuated between a low of about 4,191 feet and a high of about 4,212 feet above sea level but showed no net change. From September 18, 1982, to June 30, 1983, however, the lake rose 5.2 feet-from about 4,200 to about 4,205 feet above sea level-which is the greatest seasonal rise ever recorded. That rise resulted from considerably greater than average rainfall in 1982, greater than average snowfall during the autumn of 1982 through the spring of 1983, and unseasonably cool weather during that spring.
Man's activities have had a lesser, but still important effect on the lake level. The lake surface would have been about 5 feet higher in 1983 had there been no consumptive use of water owing to man's activities in the lake basin since 1847. The lake has been divided into two parts by a railroad causeway since 1959. The causeway restricts natural circulation, resulting in a difference of salinity and surface level of the lake across the causeway. The difference in surface level between the two parts of the lake varies both seasonally and annually and was as much as 3.25 feet in 1983.
The water budget for the Great Salt Lake can be expressed as:
Inflow = Outflow ± Storage change
The average annual inflow for 1931-76 was about 2.9 million acre-feet-about 1.9 million acre-feet from surface water, about 900,000 acre-feet from direct precipitation, and about 75,000 acre-feet from ground water. The average annual outflow for the same period, all by evaporation, also was about 2.9 million acre-feet. There was no net change in storage during the period.
The famed buoyancy of the brine in Great Salt Lake results from a dissolved-mineral content of almost 5 billion tons. More than 2 million additional tons have been added to the lake annually in recent years. The major dissolved ions in the brine are chloride, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, and potassium.
Prior to completion of the railroad causeway, the salinity of the brine varied inversely with the lake level. Since the causeway divided the lake into two parts, the salinity of the brine in the north part has been relatively constant at or close to saturation. The salinity of the brine in the south part has 1 continued to change inversely with the lake level, but the salinity has been less than it would have been without the causeway.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir913","usgsCitation":"Arnow, T., 1984, Water-level and water-quality changes in Great Salt Lake, Utah, 1847-1983: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 913, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir913.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31309,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0913/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0913/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 40.538851525354666\n ],\n [\n -111.8023681640625,\n 40.538851525354666\n ],\n [\n -111.8023681640625,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 41.82454867985508\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 40.538851525354666\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e782d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnow, Ted","contributorId":84733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnow","given":"Ted","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26559,"text":"wri844339 - 1984 - Tides, tidal and residual currents in San Francisco Bay California — Results of measurements, 1979–1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-26T20:24:13.835979","indexId":"wri844339","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4339","title":"Tides, tidal and residual currents in San Francisco Bay California — Results of measurements, 1979–1980","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844339","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Gartner, J.W., 1984, Tides, tidal and residual currents in San Francisco Bay California — Results of measurements, 1979–1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4339, 1778 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844339.","productDescription":"1778 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394910,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36174.htm"},{"id":157321,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4339/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4339/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.62963867187499,\n 37.33522435930639\n ],\n [\n -121.62963867187499,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 37.33522435930639\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b76d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, J. W.","contributorId":81903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gartner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28831,"text":"wri834156 - 1984 - Appraisal of water from surficial-outwash aquifers in Todd County and parts of Cass and Morrison counties, central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-19T10:29:15","indexId":"wri834156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4156","title":"Appraisal of water from surficial-outwash aquifers in Todd County and parts of Cass and Morrison counties, central Minnesota","docAbstract":"Outwash deposits consisting of medium to very coarse sand constitute a major aquifer in Todd County and in parts of Cass and Morrison Counties. The outwash ranges in thickness from 0 to 150 feet. Depth to water is generally less than 15 feet, and annual water-level fluctuations are less than 5 feet. Aquifer-test results indicate that transmissivities range from 4,600 to 18,500 feet squared per day and storage coefficients range from 0.10 to 0.25. Yields of more than 2,000 gallons per minute can be obtained locally from properly constructed wells.
\nAverage annual precipitation is 25.93 inches, and average annual recharge to the aquifer is estimated to be 8 inches. Base-flow measurements of the Long Prairie River between Long Prairie and Motley during October 1978 and October 1979 indicate average net gains of 0.85 and 1.3 cubic feet per second per river mile.
\nThe water is a calcium bicarbonate type and is generally suitable for most uses. However, elevated concentrations of selected chemicals in local areas may require treatment of the water for specialized uses. The water is hard to very hard with dissolved-solids concentrations ranging from about 200 to 400 milligrams per liter. Locally, nitrate concentrations are as much as 6.4 milligrams per liter. Residuals of pesticides are present but do not exceed recommended limits as established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for domestic consumption.
\nResults from numerical modeling experiments indicate that, with proper development, the ground-water system can accommodate additional withdrawals. One experiment indicated that reduction in recharge from 8 to 4 inches annually over 4 years, and anticipated increases in pumping from 2.1 million gallons per day (1978 pumpage) to 7.7 million gallons per day, would cause water levels to decline regionally only about 9 feet and ground-water discharge to streams to decline only about 20 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri834156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Todd, Cass, and Morrison Counties Steering Committee and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Myette, C., 1984, Appraisal of water from surficial-outwash aquifers in Todd County and parts of Cass and Morrison counties, central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4156, Document: v, 43 p.; 6 Plates: 29.82 x 30.77 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834156.","productDescription":"Document: v, 43 p.; 6 Plates: 29.82 x 30.77 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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F.","contributorId":97115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myette","given":"C. 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Seasonal regression and seasonal Kendall trend analysis techniques were applied to two monthly data sets at each station site for four different time periods. A recently developed method for determining optimal water-discharge data-collection frequency was also applied to the monthly water-quality data. Trend analysis results varied with each monthly load computational method, period of record, and trend detection model used. No conclusions could be reached regarding which computational method was best to use in trend analysis. Time-period selection for analysis was found to be important with regard to intended use of the results. Seasonal Kendall procedures were found to be applicable to most data sets. Seasonal regression models were more difficult to apply and were sometimes of questionable validity; however, those results were more informative than seasonal Kendall results. The best model to use depends upon the characteristics of the data and the amount of trend information needed. The measurement-frequency optimization method had potential for application to water-quality data, but refinements are needed. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nOpen-File Services Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri844048","usgsCitation":"Kircher, J.E., Dinicola, R., and Middelburg, R., 1984, Trend analysis of salt load and evaluation of the frequency of water-quality measurements for the Gunnison, the Colorado, and the Dolores rivers in Colorado and Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4048, v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844048.","productDescription":"v, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157949,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56879,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kircher, J. E.","contributorId":11207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kircher","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, Richard S. 0000-0003-4222-294X dinicola@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-294X","contributorId":352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"Richard S.","email":"dinicola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":199113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middelburg, R.F.","contributorId":102489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middelburg","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28943,"text":"wri844043 - 1984 - Ground-water resources of the Mattapoisett River Valley, Plymouth County, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844043","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4043","title":"Ground-water resources of the Mattapoisett River Valley, Plymouth County, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Ground-water withdrawals by municipal wells in the Mettapoisett River valley, Massachusetts, are expected to triple in the next two decades. State and local concern about the long-term impacts of these withdrawals on ground-water levels and streamflow made it necessary to assess the ground-water resources of the valley and to develop a digital ground-water-flow model for management purposes. Ten pumping scenarios, which represent the present and proposed withdrawals from the aquifer, were simulated using reduced recharge conditions. Under conditions simulating 1965 average annual recharge, predicted water levels in the aquifer are as much as 9 feet lower than average annual levels. At the highest withdrawal rates, the predicted drawdown in four wells exceeds the estimated available drawdown. Under conditions representative of the 7-day 10-year low flow of the river, predicted water levels decline as much as 19 feet. Simulated withdrawals in six scenarios use all of the available ground-water discharge. If this drought condition should occur and streamflow is not supplemented by surface water, the model results indicate that the river in the southern half of the valley will stop flowing under most pumping plans. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844043","usgsCitation":"Olimpio, J., and De Lima, V., 1984, Ground-water resources of the Mattapoisett River Valley, Plymouth County, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4043, v, 88 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844043.","productDescription":"v, 88 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4043/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57819,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4043/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olimpio, J.C.","contributorId":36137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"De Lima, Virginia","contributorId":91888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lima","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4159,"text":"cir904A - 1984 - Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7850,"text":"ofr83759 - 1983 - Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines","indexId":"ofr83759","publicationYear":"1983","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4159,"text":"cir904A - 1984 - Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines","indexId":"cir904A","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-07T12:09:06","indexId":"cir904A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"904","chapter":"A","title":"Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's program for geologic and hydrologic evaluation of physiographic provinces to identify areas potentially suitable for locating repository sites for disposal of high-level nuclear wastes was announced to the Governors of the eight States in the Basin and Range Province on May 5, 1981. Representatives of Arizona, California, Idaho, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Utah, were invited to cooperate with the Federal Government in the evaluation process. Each Governor was requested to nominate an Earth scientist to represent the State in a province working group composed of State and U.S. Geological Survey representatives. This report, Part I of a three-part report, provides the background, introduction and scope of the study. This part also includes a discussion of geologic and hydrologic guidelines that will be used in the evaluation process and illustrates geohydrologic environments and the effect of individual factors in providing multiple natural barriers to radionuclide migration.
Part II is a reconnaissance characterization of the geologic and hydrologic factors to be used in the initial screening of the Basin and Range Province. Part III will be the initial evaluation of the Province and will identify regions that appear suitable for further study.
The plan for study of the Province includes a stepwise screening process by which successively smaller land units are considered in increasing detail. Each step involves characterization of the geology and hydrology and selection of subunits for more intensive characterization. Selection of subunits for further study is by evaluation of geologic and hydrologic conditions following a set of guidelines. By representation on the Province Working Group, the States participate in a consultation and review role in: (1) Establishing geologic and hydrologic guidelines, and (2) characterizing and evaluating the Province. The States also participate in compilation of geologic and hydrologic data used in characterizing the Province.
The current (1983) needs for a high-level radioactive waste repository include: (1) Disposal in a mined repository; (2) retrievability of the waste for as much as 50 years; and (3) confidence of isolation of the waste from the accessible environment. Isolation of the waste needs to be assured using geologic and hydrologic conditions that: (1) Minimize risk of inadvertent future intrusions by man; (2) minimize the possibility of disturbance by processes that would expose the waste or increase its mobility; and (3) provide a system of natural barriers to the migration of waste by ground water. The guidelines adopted by the Province Working Group are designed to provide a standard with which these conditions can be compared.
The guidelines can be grouped into four principal categories: (1) Potential host media, (2) ground-water conditions, (3) tectonic conditions, and. (4) occurrence of natural resources. Ideally the host medium constitutes the first natural barrier to migration of radionculides. The host medium ideally should be a rock type that prevents or retards dissolution and transport of radionuclides. Rocks in both the saturated and unsaturated zones may have desirable characteristics for host media. Rocks-other than the host-in the ground-water flow path from the repository ideally should be major barriers to radionuclide migration. Confining beds of low permeability might be present to retard the rate of flow between more permeable beds. Additionally, sorption of radionuclides by materials such as clays and zeolites in the flow path can further retard the flow of radionuclides by several orders of magnitude. Tectonic conditions in an area should not present a probable cause for exhumation or increased mobility of radioactive waste. Natural resources are a factor for consideration because of the problem of future human intrusion and exposure to radioactivity in the quest for minerals, oil, gas, water, and geothermal resources.
The ultimate evaluation of the suitability of a geohydrologic environment for developing a mined repository needs to assess all geologic and hydrologic characteristics and their interaction in providing confidence that a geohydrologic environment will effectively isolate radionuclides from human access. Several hypothetical settings with typical geohydrologic conditions in the Basin and Range Province are used to illustrate the effect of multiple barriers in the isolation of radionuclides.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir904A","usgsCitation":"Bedinger, M.S., Sargent, K., and Reed, J., 1984, Geologic and hydrologic characterization and evaluation of the Basin and Range Province relative to the disposal of high-level radioactive waste: Part I, Introduction and guidelines: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 904, viii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir904A.","productDescription":"viii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335932,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir904B","text":"Circular 904-B","linkHelpText":"Part II, Geologic and hydrologic characterization"},{"id":335933,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/cir904C","text":"Circular 904-C","linkHelpText":"Part III, Geologic and hydrologic evaluation"},{"id":121301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0904a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1984/0904a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range Province","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 32.80574473290688\n ],\n [\n -114.6533203125,\n 32.509761735919426\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.5009765625,\n 31.353636941500987\n ],\n [\n -108.28125,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -106.3916015625,\n 31.952162238024975\n ],\n [\n -104.8974609375,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -104.6337890625,\n 30.600093873550072\n ],\n [\n -104.5458984375,\n 30.183121842195515\n ],\n [\n -103.3154296875,\n 29.11377539511439\n ],\n [\n -102.7880859375,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -105.9521484375,\n 34.52466147177172\n ],\n [\n -106.8310546875,\n 34.95799531086792\n ],\n [\n -107.6220703125,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -108.544921875,\n 33.76088200086917\n ],\n [\n -111.57714843749999,\n 34.88593094075317\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -114.01611328125,\n 35.96022296929667\n ],\n [\n -111.33544921874999,\n 40.763901280945866\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 42.69858589169842\n ],\n [\n -112.67578124999999,\n 43.16512263158296\n ],\n [\n -116.76269531249999,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -118.30078125,\n 42.52069952914966\n ],\n [\n -119.50927734374999,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -120.62988281249999,\n 43.5326204268101\n ],\n [\n -121.1572265625,\n 43.26120612479979\n ],\n [\n -121.75048828124999,\n 42.53689200787315\n ],\n [\n -121.83837890625,\n 41.902277040963696\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 41.27780646738183\n ],\n [\n -120.36621093749999,\n 40.83043687764923\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 39.30029918615029\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 38.75408327579141\n ],\n [\n -116.93847656250001,\n 36.29741818650811\n ],\n [\n -118.19091796875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -116.08154296875001,\n 34.27083595165\n ],\n [\n -115.6640625,\n 32.65787573695528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"This is Part I of a series of reports being prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in consultation with States in the Basin and Range Province.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a824a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bedinger, M. 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Fort Carson purchases about 3,400 acre-feet of treated water annually from the city of Colorado Springs. The major streams entering Fort Carson have an estimated average annual discharge of 6,240 acre-feet of water per year upstream from diversions for municipal and domestic water supplies. The streamflow is unevenly distributed in time and consequently not dependable as a large or sole source of water. Ground water is available from alluvial and bedrock aquifers. Wells with yields greater than 100 gallons per minute can be expected from the alluvium along Rock and Little Fountain Creeks and from some parts of the Dakota-Purgatoire aquifer. The quality of surface water entering Fort Carson is generally suitable for irrigation and drinking but deteriorates eastward across Fort Carson. Water from the alluvial aquifer along Rock and Little Fountain Creeks in the eastern part of Fort Carson contains fluoride in concentrations exceeding drinking-water standards. Water from the Dakota-Purgatoire aquifer characteristically contains radiochemical constituents in concentrations that exceed drinking-water standards. 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The phosphate zone is between 232 and 250 feet below land surface and consists of approximately equal proportions of fine-grained phosphate, sand, and clay. Six wells were constructed at the test site to monitor effects of the mining operation on the ground-water resources of the area. One well penetrated the Floridan aquifer beneath the phosphate zone, another was completed in the phosphate zone, and the other four were finished in water-bearing zones above the phosphate zone. The mining project consisted of three separate tests in which different mining methods were used. Changes in water levels, other than in the mined zone, were detected only in the overlying monitored zone during the first two tests as a result of roof failures in cavities formed by the mining operation. Water-quality changes were observed only in the mined zone and resulted from the injection of water from the deeper Floridan aquifer as part of the mining operation. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834149","usgsCitation":"Hampson, P.S., 1984, Effects of hydraulic borehole mining on ground water at a test site in northeast St Johns County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4149, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834149.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4149/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56348,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4149/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hampson, P. 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The data were collected from September 1979 to October 1980 at the AMAX Phosphate, Inc. chemical plant, Piney Point; the USS Agri-Chemicals chemical plant, Bartow; and the International Minerals and Chemical Corporation Clear Springs mine, Bartow. Approximately 5,400 field and laboratory water quality determinations on water samples collected from about 100 test holes and 28 surface-water , 5 rainfall, and other sampling sites at phosphate industry beneficiation and chemical plant waste disposal operations are tabulated. Maps are included to show sampling sites. 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