Time-series data on Zn/Cu weight ratios from portal effluent compositions [(Zn/Cu)water] at Iron Mountain, California, show seasonal variations that can be related to the precipitation and dissolution of melanterite [(FeII,Zn,Cu)SO4·7H2O]. Mine water and actively forming melanterite were collected from underground mine workings and chemically analyzed. The temperature-dependent solubility of Zn-Cu-bearing melanterite solid solutions was investigated by heating-cooling experiments using the mine water. Rapid kinetics of melanterite dissolution and precipitation facilitated reversed solubility experiments at 25°C. Non-reversed solubility data were obtained in the laboratory at 4° and 35°C and at ambient underground mine conditions (38° and 42°C). Copper is partitioned preferentially to zinc into melanterite solid solutions at all temperatures investigated. During the annual dry season, values of (Zn/Cu)water in the Richmond portal effluent increase to values between 8 to 13, consistent with formation of melanterite during this period. During the annual wet season, the onset of high discharge from the mine portals is characterized by a significant decrease in (Zn/Cu)water to values as low as 2. This phenomenon may be caused by dissolution of melanterite with values of (Zn/Cu)solid ranging from 1.5 to 3.5.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemistry Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-1994-0550.ch022","isbn":"9780841227729","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K., and Thompson, J.M., 1993, Seasonal variations of Zn/Cu ratios in acid mine water from Iron Mountain, California, chap. of Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation, v. 550, p. 324-344, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0550.ch022.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Iron Mountain","volume":"550","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1ce4b034bf6a8194d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, J. Michael","contributorId":40239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018373,"text":"70018373 - 1993 - Manganese minerals and associated fine particulates in the streambed of Pinal Creek, Arizona, U.S.A.: a mining-related acid drainage problem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:09:10","indexId":"70018373","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Manganese minerals and associated fine particulates in the streambed of Pinal Creek, Arizona, U.S.A.: a mining-related acid drainage problem","docAbstract":"The Pinal creek drainage basin in Arizona is a good example of the principal non-coal source of mining-related acid drainage in the U.S.A., namely copper mining. Infiltration of drainage waters from mining and ore refining has created an acid groundwater plume that has reacted with calcite during passage through the alluvium, thereby becoming less acid. Where O2 is present and the water is partially neutralized, iron oxides have precipitated and, farther downstream where the pH of the stream water is near neutral, high-Mn crusts have developed.
Trace metal composition of several phases in the Pinal Creek drainage basin illustrates the changes caused by mining activities and the significant control Mn-crusts and iron oxide deposits exert on the distribution and concentration of trace metals. The phases and locales considered are the dissolved phase of Webster Lake, a former acid waste disposal pond; selected sections of cores drilled in the alluvium within the intermittent reach of Pinal Creek; and the dissolved phase, suspended sediments, and streambed deposits at specified locales along the perennial reach of Pinal creek.
In the perennial reach of Pinal Creek, manganese oxides precipitate from the streamflow as non-cemented particulates and coatings of streambed material and as cemented black crusts. Chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that the non-cemented manganese oxides precipitate in the reaction sequence observed in previous laboratory experiments using simpler solution composition, Mn3O4 to MnOOH to an oxide of higher oxidation number usually <4.0, i.e. Na-birnessite, and that the black cemented crusts contain (Ca,Mn,Mg)CO3 and a 7-Åphyllomanganate mixture of rancieite ((Ca,Mn)Mn4O9 · (3H2O)) and takanelite ((Mn,Ca)Mn4O9 · (3H2O)). In the laboratory, aerating and increasing the pH of Pinal Creek water to 9.00 precipitated (Ca,Mn,Mg)CO3 from an anoxic groundwater that contained CO2HCO3, and precipitated Mn3O4 and subsequently MnOOH from an oxic surface water from which most of the dissolved CO2 had been removed.
It is suggested that the black cemented crusts form by precipitation of Fe on the Mn-enriched carbonates, creating a site for the MnFe oxidation cycle and thus encouraging the conversion of the carbonates to 7-Åphysllomanganates. The non-magnetic <63-μm size-fractions of the black cemented crusts consisted mostly of the manganese-calcium oxides but also contained about 20% (Ca,Mn,Mg)CO3, 5% Fe (calculated as FeOOH), 2–4% exchangeable cations, and trace amounts of several silicates.
Trace contaminants enter major estuaries such as San Francisco Bay from a variety of point and nonpoint sources and may then be repartitioned between solid and aqueous phases or altered in chemical speciation. Chemical speciation affects the bioavailability of metals as well as organic ligands to planktonic and benthic organisms, and the partitioning of these solutes between phases. Our previous, work in south San Francisco Bay indicated that sulfide complexation with metals may be of particular importance because of the thermodynamic stability of these complexes. Although the water column of the bay is consistently well-oxygenated and typically unstratified with respect to dissolved oxygen, the kinetics of sulfide oxidation could exert at least transient controls on metal speciation. Our initial data on dissolved sulfides in the main channel of both the northern and southern components of the bay consistently indicate submicromolar concenrations (from <1 nM to 162 nM), as one would expect in an oxidizing environment. However, chemical speciation calculations over the range of observed sulfide concentrations indicate that these trace concentrations in the bay water column can markedly affect chemical speciation of ecologically significant trace metals such as cadmium, copper, and zinc.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.2307/1352604","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J., and Luther, G., 1993, Dissolved sulfides in the oxic water column of San Francisco Bay, California: Estuaries, v. 16, no. 3, p. 567-573, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352604.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"573","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":229061,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206182,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02718304"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0241e4b0c8380cd4ff84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, J.S.","contributorId":57905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luther, G.W.","contributorId":37913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luther","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018006,"text":"70018006 - 1993 - Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70018006","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"In this summary of two comprehensive resource reports produced by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, we discuss the mineral- and energyresource endowment of the 14-millon-acre Roswell Resource Area, New Mexico, managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The Bureau and Survey reports result from separate studies that are compilations of published and unpublished data and integrate new findings on the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, mineral, industrial, and energy commodities, and resources for the seven-county area. The reports have been used by the Bureau of Land Management in preparation of the Roswell Resource Area Resource Management Plan, and will have future use in nationwide mineral- and energy-resource inventories and assessments, as reference and training documents, and as public-information tools. In the Roswell Resource Area, many metals, industrial mineral commodities, and energy resources are being, or have been, produced or prospected. These include metals and high-technology materials, such as copper, gold, silver, thorium, uranium and/or vanadium, rare-earth element minerals, iron, manganese, tungsten, lead, zinc, and molybdenum; industrial mineral resources, including barite, limestone/dolomite, caliche, clay, fluorspar, gypsum, scoria, aggregate, and sand and gravel; and fuels and associated resources, such as oil, gas, tar sand and heavy oil, coal, and gases associated with hydrocarbons. Other commodities that have yet to be identified in economic concentrations include potash, halite, polyhalite, anhydrite, sulfur, feldspar, building stone and decorative rock, brines, various gases associated with oil and gas exploration, and carbon dioxide. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257538","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., Sutphin, D.M., Ball, M.M., Korzeb, S., Kness, R., and Dutchover, J., 1993, Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 4, p. 262-283, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257538.","startPage":"262","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257538"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9efee4b08c986b31e289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, M. M.","contributorId":46941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korzeb, S.L.","contributorId":49802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korzeb","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kness, R. F.","contributorId":53004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kness","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dutchover, J.T.","contributorId":51039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutchover","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70018260,"text":"70018260 - 1993 - Estimation of undiscovered deposits in quantitative mineral resource assessments-examples from Venezuela and Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018260","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of undiscovered deposits in quantitative mineral resource assessments-examples from Venezuela and Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Quantitative mineral resource assessments used by the United States Geological Survey are based on deposit models. These assessments consist of three parts: (1) selecting appropriate deposit models and delineating on maps areas permissive for each type of deposit; (2) constructing a grade-tonnage model for each deposit model; and (3) estimating the number of undiscovered deposits of each type. In this article, I focus on the estimation of undiscovered deposits using two methods: the deposit density method and the target counting method. In the deposit density method, estimates are made by analogy with well-explored areas that are geologically similar to the study area and that contain a known density of deposits per unit area. The deposit density method is useful for regions where there is little or no data. This method was used to estimate undiscovered low-sulfide gold-quartz vein deposits in Venezuela. Estimates can also be made by counting targets such as mineral occurrences, geophysical or geochemical anomalies, or exploration \"plays\" and by assigning to each target a probability that it represents an undiscovered deposit that is a member of the grade-tonnage distribution. This method is useful in areas where detailed geological, geophysical, geochemical, and mineral occurrence data exist. Using this method, porphyry copper-gold deposits were estimated in Puerto Rico. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02272805","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Cox, D.P., 1993, Estimation of undiscovered deposits in quantitative mineral resource assessments-examples from Venezuela and Puerto Rico: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 2, p. 82-91, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02272805.","startPage":"82","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205942,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02272805"},{"id":227551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0bbce4b0c8380cd5285a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000895,"text":"2000895 - 1993 - Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T16:12:09","indexId":"2000895","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"192","title":"Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore anadromous striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies over the past 20 years have concentrated on hatchery culture to supplement dwindling natural reproduction. Adult fish captured for artificial spawning are stressed by handling and crowding in rearing ponds and are often exposed to therapeutants, anesthetics, disinfectants, and herbicides used in fish culture. We determined the toxicity of 17 fishery chemicals (chloramine-T, erythromycin, formalin, Hyamine 3500, Roccal, malachite green, sulfamerazine, benzocaine, etomidate, Finquel (MS-222) , metomidate, quinaldine sulfate, chlorine, potassium permanganate, Aquazine, copper sulfate, and Rodeo) to striped bass fry (average weight = 1 g) in reconstituted water (total hardness 40 mg/L) at 12 degree C. The 96-h LC50's (concentration calculated to produce 50% mortality in a population) ranged from 0.129 mg/L for malachite green to 340 mg/L for erythromycin. We also determined the effects of selected levels of water temperature, hardness, and pH on the toxicity of chloramine-T, formalin, malachite green, and Roccal. There were no differences in toxicity for any of the chemicals at any water quality variable tested except for chloramine-T, which was about 25 times more toxic in soft, acid water than in soft, alkaline water. Our data show that the striped bass is as sensitive to fishery chemicals as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but is generally less resistant than bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bills, T.D., Marking, L.L., and Howe, G.E., 1993, Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture: Resource Publication 192, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, Leif L.","contributorId":52239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"Leif","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, George E.","contributorId":102570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018370,"text":"70018370 - 1993 - A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:24:55.277633","indexId":"70018370","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, U.S.A., was prepared using National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) stream-sediment data. Before termination of the NURE program, sampling of nearly the entire state (48,666 square miles of land area) was completed and geochemical analyses were obtained.
The NURE data are applicable to mineral exploration, agriculture, waste disposal siting issues, health, and environmental studies. Applications in state government include resource surveys to assist mineral exploration by identifying geochemical anomalies and areas of mineralization. Agriculture seeks to identify areas with favorable (or unfavorable) conditions for plant growth, disease, and crop productivity. Trace elements such as cobalt, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, zinc, and molybdenum must be present within narrow ranges in soils for optimum growth and productivity. Trace elements as a contributing factor to disease are of concern to health professionals. Industry can use pH and conductivity data for water samples to site facilities which require specific water quality.
The North Carolina NURE database consists of stream-sediment samples, groundwater samples, and stream-water analyses. The statewide database consists of 6,744 stream-sediment sites, 5,778 groundwater sample sites, and 295 stream-water sites. Neutron activation analyses were provided for U, Br, Cl, F, Mn, Na, Al, V, Dy in groundwater and stream water, and for U, Th, Hf, Ce, Fe, Mn, Na, Sc, Ti, V, Al, Dy, Eu, La, Sm, Yb, and Lu in stream sediments. Supplemental analyses by other techniques were reported on U (extractable), Ag, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Li, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, W, Y, and Zn for 4,619 stream-sediment samples. A small subset of 334 stream samples was analyzed for gold.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(93)90056-R","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., 1993, A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 47, no. 1-3, p. 11-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(93)90056-R.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3f3e4b0c8380cd462ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.C.","contributorId":61052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000646,"text":"1000646 - 1993 - How well can fishes prey on zebra mussels in eastern North America?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-22T12:11:41","indexId":"1000646","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How well can fishes prey on zebra mussels in eastern North America?","docAbstract":"Literature on mollusk-eating fishes was reviewed to determine the potential for different species of fish to control zebra mussels in eastern North America. At least six species are potential predators of zebra mussels because they possess (1) both upper and lower pharyngeal teeth or (2) lower pharyngeal teeth and chewing pads located on the dorsal roof for crushing mollusk shells. Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) and two centrarchids, redear sunfish (Lepomis microlophus) and pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus), possess both upper and lower pharyngeal teeth and are likely to consume more zebra mussels than fishes with only lower pharyngeal teeth. Only two catostomid species, copper and river redhorses (Moxostoma hubbsi and M. carinatum), have chewing pads that enable them to crush mollusks. The exotic omnivorous common carp (Cyprinus carpio), possessing lower teeth and a chewing pad, may prey on zebra mussels when aquatic insect larvae, its preferred food, become rare. Managing populations of drum, sunfishes and redhorses to reduce exploitation of large individuals and improve their habitats are suggested as means to intensify biological control of zebra mussels in eastern North America. Other Eurasian molluscivores, the roach (Rutilus rutilus) and the black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) should not be introduced into North America because research has shown repeatedly that an introduced biological controller usually does not forage for unwanted pests or reside only in preferred habitats of pests. Drum, sunfishes and redhorses should be preferred over these exotics as biological controllers of zebra mussels in North America because these native fishes will likely occupy newly established habitats of zebra mussels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0013:HWCFPO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"French, J.R., 1993, How well can fishes prey on zebra mussels in eastern North America?: Fisheries, v. 18, no. 6, p. 13-19, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0013:HWCFPO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133154,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62a6d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"French, John R. P. III","contributorId":107635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017455,"text":"70017455 - 1993 - Application of metal zoning to gold exploration in porphyry copper systems, by B.K. Jones: comments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:27:35.130179","indexId":"70017455","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of metal zoning to gold exploration in porphyry copper systems, by B.K. Jones: comments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(92)90003-Q","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Albino, G.V., 1993, Application of metal zoning to gold exploration in porphyry copper systems, by B.K. Jones: comments: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 48, no. 3, p. 359-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(92)90003-Q.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228422,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eca6e4b0c8380cd493e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albino, George V.","contributorId":50545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albino","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27778,"text":"wri914135 - 1992 - Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T14:57:32.301863","indexId":"wri914135","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4135","title":"Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"Four test fields in the south Dade agricultural area were studied to determine the effects of sludge application on ground-water quality. Two fields had been cultivated for 10 years or more, and two had not been farmed for at least 10 years. The fields were representative of the area's two soil types (Rockdale and Perrine marl) and two major crop types (row crops and groves). Before the application of sludge, wells upgradient of, within, and downgradient of each field were sampled for possible sludge contaminants at the end of wet and dry seasons. Municipal wastewater treatment sludge from the Dade County Water and Sewe Authority Department was then applied to the fields at varying application rates. The wells at each field were sampled over a 2-year period under different hydrologic conditions for possible sludge-related constituents (specific conductance, pH, alkalinity, nitrogen, phosphorus, total organic carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, chloride, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, and sodium). Comparisons were made between water quality in the vicinity of the test fields and Florida Department of Environmental Regulation primary and secondary drinking-water regulations, an between water quality upgradient of, beneath, and downgradient of the fields. Comparisons between presludge and postsludge water quality did not indicate any improvement because of retention of agrichemicals by the sludge nor did they indicate any deterioration because of leaching from the sludge. Comparisons of water quality upgradient of the fields to water quality beneath and downgradient of the fields also did not indicate any changes related to sludge. Florida Department of Environmental Regulation primary and secondary drinking-water regulations wer exceeded at the Rockdale maximum-application field by mercury (9.5 ug/L (micrograms per liter)), and the Perrine marl maximum-application field by manganese (60 ug/L) and lead (85 ug/L), and at the Perrine marl row-crop field by mercury (5.2 ug/L). All other exceedances were either in presludge or upgradient samples, or they were for constituents or properties, such as iron and color, which typically exceed standards in native ground water. Acid-extractable and base-neutral compounds, volatile organic compounds, chlorophenoxy herbicides, organophosphorus insecticides, and organochlorine compounds were analyzed for one shallow well at each field twice annually. Those compounds that equaled or exceeded the detection limit after sludge was applied included benzene (0.3 and 1.2 ug/L), chloroform (0.2 and 0.3 ug/L), bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate (29 and 42 ug/L), methylene chloride (14 ug/L), tolulene (0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 1.3, and 4.4 ug/L), 1, 1,1-trichloroethana (0.6 ug/L), trichloroethylene (0.3 ug/L), 2.4-D (0.01 ug/L), and xylene (0.3 ug/L). It ws not possible to ascertain the origin of these compounds because they are available from sources other than sludge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri914135","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Dade Soil and Water Conservation District, Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, and the Dade County Water and Sewer Authority Department","usgsCitation":"Howie, B., 1992, Effects of dried wastewater-treatment sludge application on ground-water quality in South Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4135, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914135.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4135/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56621,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4135/wri914135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Organochlorine and heavy metal concentrations in 17-year cicadas from Prince Georges and Anne Arundel Counties, Maryland, were well below levels known to be harmful to birds. Cicadas contained concentrations of metals similar to or less than other local invertebrates except they contained more copper than did earthworms. Copper and lead concentrations in cicadas from one site may have been elevated by sewage plant effluent deposited during river floodings. Cicadas from the median of a major highway did not contain more lead than cicadas from non-traffic sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00396520","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., 1992, Organochlorines and heavy metals in 17-year cicadas pose no apparent dietary threat to birds: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 20, no. 1, p. 47-54, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396520.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197151,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a6d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, D. R. Jr.","contributorId":40928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"D.","suffix":"Jr.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18235,"text":"ofr9289 - 1992 - Hydrologic data for the lower Copper River, Alaska, May to September, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr9289","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-89","title":"Hydrologic data for the lower Copper River, Alaska, May to September, 1991","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9289","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 1992, Hydrologic data for the lower Copper River, Alaska, May to September, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-89, iv, 15 p. ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9289.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p. ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150367,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47595,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db6832a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":178755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33136,"text":"b1979 - 1992 - Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-02T18:35:15.195347","indexId":"b1979","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1979","title":"Bedrock geology and mineral resources of the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle, Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle spans the Southern Blue Ridge physiographic province at its widest point from eastern Tennessee across western North Carolina to the northwest corner of South Carolina. The quadrangle also contains small parts of the Valley and Ridge province in Tennessee and the Piedmont province in North and South Carolina. Bedrock in the Valley and Ridge consists of unmetamorphosed, folded and thrust-faulted Paleozoic miogeoclinal sedimentary rocks ranging in age from Cambrian to Mississippian. The Blue Ridge is a complex of stacked thrust sheets divided into three parts: (1) a west flank underlain by rocks of the Late Proterozoic and Early Cambrian Chilhowee Group and slightly metamorphosed Late Proterozoic Ocoee Supergroup west of the Greenbrier fault; (2) a central part containing crystalline basement of Middle Proterozoic age (Grenville), Ocoee Supergroup rocks east of the Greenbrier fault, and rocks of the Murphy belt; and (3) an east flank containing the Helen, Tallulah Falls, and Richard Russell thrust sheets and the amphibolitic basement complex. All of the east flank thrust sheets contain polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks of mostly Proterozoic age. The Blue Ridge is separated by the Brevard fault zone from a large area of rocks of the Inner Piedmont to the east, which contains the Six Mile thrust sheet and the ChaugaWalhalla thrust complex. All of these rocks are also polydeformed and metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks. The Inner Piedmont rocks in this area occupy both the Piedmont and part of the Blue Ridge physiographic provinces.
The intensity of deformation and metamorphism increases from west to east in the Blue Ridge. The west flank is mostly chlorite grade or relatively unmetamorphosed, and the central part of the Blue Ridge is mostly staurolite, garnet, or biotite grade, although sillimanite grade rocks occur along the eastern part of the central Blue Ridge in the vicinity of the leading edge of the Hayesville fault. The east flank of the Blue Ridge and much of the Inner Piedmont are at kyanite or sillimanite grade of regional metamorphism except for a zone of retrograde rocks in the Brevard fault zone and a small area of biotite-grade rocks in the extreme southwest part of the Grandfather Mountain window in the northeast corner of the quadrangle.
The major mineral resources in the Knoxville 1° x 2° quadrangle are construction materials and a variety of industrial minerals mostly related to either granite and pegmatite or ultramafic rocks. Past production in the quadrangle of metals, which are of secondary importance relative to construction materials and industrial minerals, include copper in massive sulfides of the Besshi type, gold-bearing quartz veins, and residual iron and manganese deposits. Resources are discussed in relation to the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge, and Piedmont provinces.
The following resources are the most important:
A. Construction materials:
B. Industrial minerals:
C. Metals:
D. Organic fuels:
The purpose of this report is to assess the potential for undiscovered skarn deposits of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, and iron in the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other deposit types have been assessed and reports for each of the following have been prepared: Vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, ·manganese, and tungsten; porphyry-stockwork deposits of copper, molybdenum, and tungsten; stockwork-disseminated deposits of gold and silver; placer deposits of gold; and miscellaneous deposit types including strata-bound deposits of copper and silver in rocks of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup, phosphate deposits in the Permian Phosporia Formation, and deposits of barite and fluorite. The Butte quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the most mineralized and productive mining regions in the U.S. Its mining districts, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion (at the time of production). Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were supported, in part, by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in resource assessment include a compilation of all data into data sets, the development of an occurrence model for skarn deposits in the quadrangle, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by a Geographic Information System (GIS).
This map is one of a number of reports and maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other publications resulting from this study include U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Miscellaneous Investigations Series Maps 1-2050-A (Rowan and Segal, 1989), 1-2050-B (Rowan and others, 1991), 1-2050-D (Elliott and others, in press); Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1925 (Wallace, 1987a); and Open-File Reports OF-86-292 (Wallace and others, 1986) and OF-86-0632 (Elliott and others, 1986).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2050E","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.E., Wallace, C.A., Lee, G.K., Antweiler, J., Lidke, D., Rowan, L.C., Hanna, W.F., Trautwein, C., Dwyer, J.L., and Moll, S.H., 1992, Maps showing mineral resource assessment for skarn deposits of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, and iron in the Butte 1 degree by 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2050, Report: iv, 30 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 51.00 inches and 48.50 x 35.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2050E.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 51.00 inches and 48.50 x 35.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91398,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050e/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91399,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91397,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050e/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":187269,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050e/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, C. A.","contributorId":15596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Antweiler, J.C.","contributorId":35722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moll, S. H.","contributorId":19236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":64569,"text":"i1803G - 1992 - Maps showing mineral resource assessment for copper and molybdenum in porphyry and stockwork deposits and for tungsten, iron, gold, copper, and silver in skarn deposits, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-20T21:08:00.541455","indexId":"i1803G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1803","chapter":"G","title":"Maps showing mineral resource assessment for copper and molybdenum in porphyry and stockwork deposits and for tungsten, iron, gold, copper, and silver in skarn deposits, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"This report is one of several in the series that assess the mineral resources of the Dillon quadrangle. For the purpose of the assessment, mineral deposits· in the quadrangle that are either known or suspected from a knowledge of the geologic setting have been grou~d into 30 deposit types on the basis of mineralogy, commodity, or structural or depositional setting. The emphasis in these assessment reports is on metallic minerals, but some important nonmetallic minerals will also be assessed. Fossil fuels are beyond the scope of this investigation; phosphate and uranium have been investigated previously (Swanson, 1970; Wodzicki andKrason, 1981); and certain nonmetallic. minerals, including bulk commodities such as sand and gravel, are in large supply and thus not considered.
The ·mineral resource assessment discussed in this report considers two deposit types: (1) porphyry or stockwork deposits of copper. and molybdenum (referred to generally in this report as porphyry deposits) and (2) skarn deposits of tungsten, iron, gold, copper, and silver. Combining copper and molybenum porphyry deposits into a single deposit type is believed necessary for this purpose· mainly because the two metals are found together in most .deposits in the quadrangle, a geochemical signature unique to each has not been determined, and the significant petrologic characteristics of many associated plutons are not well known, especially characterist~cs of subsurface plutons whose presence is .inferred from geophysical data.
In assessing mineral resources,· we have adopted a general philosophy similar to that of Harrison and others (19S6). We attempt to identify those parts of the quadrangle that are favorable for the occurrence of mineral resources. We do not attempt to locate specific exploration targets nor to determine the quantity of reserves or resources present.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1803G","usgsCitation":"Pearson, R.C., Trautwein, C., Moll, S.H., Berger, B.R., Hanna, W.F., Loen, J., Rowan, L.C., Ruppel, E.T., and Segal, D.B., 1992, Maps showing mineral resource assessment for copper and molybdenum in porphyry and stockwork deposits and for tungsten, iron, gold, copper, and silver in skarn deposits, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1803, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1803G.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":107137,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9930.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9930"},{"id":255034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1803g/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":255033,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1803g/report.pdf","size":"2442","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,45 ], [ -114,46 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -112,45 ], [ -114,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, R. C.","contributorId":30978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moll, S. H.","contributorId":19236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loen, J. S.","contributorId":81886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loen","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Segal, D. B.","contributorId":60236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segal","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":64550,"text":"i1803E - 1992 - Maps showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals, barite, and fluorspar, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-08T14:43:40.534792","indexId":"i1803E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1803","chapter":"E","title":"Maps showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals, barite, and fluorspar, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"This report is one of several that assess the mineral resources in the Dillon quadrangle. For the purpose of the assessment, the deposits that are known in the quadrangle, or suspected to be present from a knowledge of the geologic setting, have been grouped into 30 deposit types on the basis of the mineralogy or commodity in the ore and the structural or depositional setting of the deposit. The emphasis in these assessment reports is on metallic minerals, but some important nonmetallic minerals are also considered. Fossil fuels are beyond the scope of this investigation, phosphate and uranium have been investigated previously (Swanson, 1970; Wodzicki and Krason, 1981 ), and certain nonmetallic minerals, including bulk commodities such as sand and gravel, are in large supply and thus are not considered.
The mineral resource assessment discussed in this report concentrates on a single deposit type (of the total of 30 types) that we call \"vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals.\" Base and precious metals produced from such deposits are copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver. Vein deposits of barite and fluorspar are also discussed, but because they seem to be of minor importance, they are treated briefly. Vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals are classified as a single deposit type rather than as numerous possible subordinate types that might be distinguished on the basis of mineralogy, metal content, or other factors, because the characteristics of the ore, the ore bodies, and the structural setting are not sufficiently well known to yield a consistent detailed classification for the entire quadrangle. Furthermore, the criteria used here to explain the localization of deposits are too general to allow discrimination among subordinate types at a scale of 1 :250,000 or smaller.
In assessing mineral resources, we have adopted a general philosophy similar to that of Harrison and others ( 1986). We attempt to identify parts of the quadrangle that are favorable for the occurrence of mineral resources, and we make an assignment of the relative resource potential of all parts of the quadrangle. We do not attempt to locate specific exploration targets nor to determine the quantity of reserves or resources present.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i1803E","usgsCitation":"Pearson, R.C., Trautwein, C., Berger, B.R., Hanna, W.F., Jenson, S., Loen, J., Moll, S.H., Purdy, T.L., Rowan, L.C., Ruppel, E.T., and Segal, D.B., 1992, Maps showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of base and precious metals, barite, and fluorspar, Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1803, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1803E.","productDescription":"31 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1803e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":91389,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1803e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107135,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9928.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9928"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,45 ], [ -114,46 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -112,45 ], [ -114,45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, R. C.","contributorId":30978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jenson, S.K.","contributorId":35291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loen, J. S.","contributorId":81886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loen","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moll, S. H.","contributorId":19236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Purdy, T. L.","contributorId":53812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Segal, D. B.","contributorId":60236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segal","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":64530,"text":"i2050D - 1992 - Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T18:49:11.968861","indexId":"i2050D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2050","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to assess the potential for undiscovered vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle. This quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the most mineralized and productive regions in the United States. Its mining districts, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion. Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were also supported by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in resource assessment include a compilation of all data into data sets, the development of a descriptive model for vein and replacement deposits in the quadrangle, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by the Geographic Information System (GIS). This map is one of a number of reports and maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other publications resulting from this study include U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Maps 1-2050-A (Rowan and Segal, in press) and I-2050-B (Purdy and Rowan, in press); Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1925 (Wallace, 1987); and Open-File Reports 86-292 (Wallace and others, 1986) and 86--0632 (Elliott and others, 1986). Reports on mineral resource assessment for several other types of deposits in the Butte quadrangle are in preparation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2050D","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.E., Wallace, C.A., Lee, G.K., Antweiler, J., Lidke, D., Rowan, L.C., Hanna, W.F., Trautwein, C., Dwyer, J.L., and Moll, S.H., 1992, Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2050, Report: iv, 31 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 50.00 inches and 48.50 x 35.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2050D.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 31 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 50.00 inches and 48.50 x 35.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91377,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91378,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107270,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10104"},{"id":187227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, C. A.","contributorId":15596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Antweiler, J.C.","contributorId":35722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moll, S. H.","contributorId":19236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":4348,"text":"cir1077 - 1992 - Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-30T19:04:49.936203","indexId":"cir1077","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1077","title":"Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana","docAbstract":"The Dillon 1°x2° quadrangle in southwestern Montana and east-central Idaho was investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP) to determine its mineral resource potential. An interdisciplinary study was made of geology, geochemistry, geophysics (gravity and aeromagnetics), remote sensing, and mineral deposits. The results of those studies, as well as mineral resource assessment of numerous mineraldeposit types, are published separately as a folio of maps. This report summarizes the studies, provides background information on them, and presents a selected bibliography relevant to the geology and mineral resources of the quadrangle.
The quadrangle contains large resources of gold and substantial resources of talc and chlorite, all of which were being mined in the 1980's and early 1990's. Submarginal resources of molybdenum, copper, tungsten, and iron range from moderately large to large. Other commodities that may be present in significant amounts are chromite, lead, zinc, silver, barite, zeolite minerals, and various nonmetallic metamorphic minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/cir1077","usgsCitation":"Pearson, R.C., Trautwein, C., Ruppel, E.T., Hanna, W.F., Rowan, L.C., Loen, J., and Berger, B.R., 1992, Mineral resource assessment of the Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1077, iii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1077.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390060,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24130.htm"},{"id":31457,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1077/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana","otherGeospatial":"Dillon 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 45\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 46\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cfa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearson, Robert Carl","contributorId":50876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearson","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Carl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppel, E. T.","contributorId":6041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loen, J. S.","contributorId":81886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loen","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berger, B. R.","contributorId":77914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":61338,"text":"mf2187 - 1992 - Aeromagnetic maps of a buried porphyry copper deposit west of Casa Grande, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T20:30:43.8923","indexId":"mf2187","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2187","title":"Aeromagnetic maps of a buried porphyry copper deposit west of Casa Grande, Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2187","isbn":"0607821418","usgsCitation":"Bankey, V., 1992, Aeromagnetic maps of a buried porphyry copper deposit west of Casa Grande, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2187, 2 Plates: 37.60 x 28.00 inches and 30.69 x 50.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2187.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 37.60 x 28.00 inches and 30.69 x 50.11 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":489661,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5816.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2187/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":179936,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2187/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Casa Grande","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.95,32.85055555555556 ], [ -111.95,32.93472222222222 ], [ -111.78472222222221,32.93472222222222 ], [ -111.78472222222221,32.85055555555556 ], [ -111.95,32.85055555555556 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":265460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":59149,"text":"mf2021F - 1992 - Mineral and energy resource assessment maps of the Mount Katmai, Naknek, and western Afognak quadrangles, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:09:50","indexId":"mf2021F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021","chapter":"F","title":"Mineral and energy resource assessment maps of the Mount Katmai, Naknek, and western Afognak quadrangles, Alaska","docAbstract":"On the basis of new geologic mapping and exploration geochemical studies, we have provided a mineral and energy resource assessment of the Mount Katmai, Naknek, and western Afognak quadrangles, Alaska. We delineate four tracts of ground that have metallic mineral resources. The mineral deposit types considered in each tract are summarized in table 4. Estimates of the number of undiscovered mineral deposits have been made for porphyry copper and polymetallic vein deposits. We estimate that one undiscovered porphyry copper deposit is present in the Katmai study area at the ten percent probability level. Although the sampling density may be too low to give an accurate estimate of the number of undiscovered polymetallic vein deposits, we suggest that, at a minimum, there is a five percent probability for five or more undiscovered polymetallic vein deposits in the Katmai study area. In addition, several areas have potential for undiscovered porphyry molybdenum, massive sulfide, and epithermal gold and mercury deposits.
\nSeveral placer gold claims have been filed in the area; one is still active. One claim, on American Creek, produced a small but unknown amount of gold. Several source areas for gold are identified in this study and would provide potential sources for gold in stream placer deposits given the right hydrologic conditions. Many of these sites in the Kulik Lake area have been prospected with only limited success. However, the upper reaches of lkagluik Creek and some areas of the Rainbow River in the central part of Katmai National Park may also contain undiscovered placer gold resources. Berryhill (1963) investigated the titanium-rich black sand beach placers along the coast of Bristol Bay at Egegik Bay and concluded that they did not constitute a resource for either titanium or gold.
\nSand and gravel deposits are locally abundant (Riehle and Detterman, in press) and are adequate to supply local demand. No cinder resources have been delineated.
\nEnergy potential evaluated during the study includes geothermal, oil and gas, and coal resources. A few warm springs were found, but no hot springs areas suitable for geothermal development exist within the study area. Better sites for geothermal resources have been identified on the Alaska Peninsula south of the study area (Smith and Shaw, 1975).
\nThe potential for commercial accumulations of oil and gas in the Naknek, Mount Katmai, and western Afognak quadrangles is low. Area E1, in the Naknek quadrangle along Bristol Bay, has low potential for thermogenic oil and gas (Church, Detterman, and Wilson, 1989). In area E2, oil seeps are along the anticlinal structures both north and south of the Katmai study area. Studies by Magoon and Anders (1992) indicate that the oil is from lower Mesozoic sedimentary rocks. Surface exposures of the Naknek Formation have uniformly indicated poor reservoir characteristics where studied, both here and in the adjacent quadrangles, and the shallow depth of burial of the Naknek Formation probably would result in flushing of the reservoir by meteoric water if oil were present.
\nCoal seams as much as several meters in aggregate thickness crop out in Tertiary rocks in the Geographic Harbor area. Since these coal beds occur within withdrawn Federal lands, there has been no incentive to evaluate them as coal resources. Given different land accessibility and a local market, these beds could constitute a small marketable coal resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2021F","usgsCitation":"Church, S.E., Riehle, J., Magoon, L.B., and Campbell, D.L., 1992, Mineral and energy resource assessment maps of the Mount Katmai, Naknek, and western Afognak quadrangles, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2021, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2021F.","productDescription":"22 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2021F.jpg"},{"id":310217,"rank":701,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2021-F/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":105190,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5619.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5619"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Mount Katmai Quadrangle, Naknek Quadrangle, Western Afognak Quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -162,58 ], [ -162,59 ], [ -150,59 ], [ -150,58 ], [ -162,58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Church, S. E.","contributorId":58260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Church","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riehle, J.R.","contributorId":73573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, L. B.","contributorId":44531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Campbell, D. L.","contributorId":90726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":261521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4224,"text":"cir1076 - 1992 - The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T22:09:58.013268","indexId":"cir1076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1076","title":"The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska","docAbstract":"This report summarizes recent results of integrated geological, geochemical, and geophysical field and laboratory studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Cordova and Middleton Island 1°x3° quadrangles of coastal southern Alaska. Published open-file reports and maps accompanied by descriptive and interpretative texts, tables, diagrams, and pertinent references provide background information for a mineral-resource assessment of the two quadrangles.
Mines in the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles produced copper and byproduct gold and silver in the first three decades of the 20th century. The quadrangles may contain potentially significant undiscovered resources of precious and base metals (gold, silver, copper, zinc, and lead) in veins and massive sulfide deposits hosted by Cretaceous and Paleogene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Resources of manganese also may be present in the Paleogene rocks; uranium resources may be present in Eocene granitic rocks; and placer gold may be present in beach sands near the mouth of the Copper River, in alluvial sands within the canyons of the Copper River, and in smaller alluvial deposits underlain by rocks of the Valdez Group. Significant coal resources are present in the Bering River area, but difficult access and structural complexities have discouraged development. Investigation of numerous oil and gas seeps near Katalla in the eastern part of the area led to the discovery of a small, shallow field from which oil was produced between 1902 and 1933. The field has been inactive since, and subsequent exploration and drilling onshore near Katalla in the 1960's and offshore near Middleton Island on the outer continental shelf in the 1970's and 1980's was not successful.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1076","usgsCitation":"Winkler, G., Plafker, G., Goldfarb, R., and Case, J.E., 1992, The Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program: Background information to accompany geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles, southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1076, iii, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1076.","productDescription":"iii, 20 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31338,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":139310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1992/1076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":410124,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24028.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cordova and Middleton Island quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -147,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -144,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -147,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winkler, Gary R.","contributorId":75513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Gary R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldfarb, R.J.","contributorId":38143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Case, J. E.","contributorId":56625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":26469,"text":"wri924129 - 1992 - Selected water-quality and biological characteristics of streams in some forested basins of North Carolina, 1985-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T13:25:31","indexId":"wri924129","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4129","title":"Selected water-quality and biological characteristics of streams in some forested basins of North Carolina, 1985-88","docAbstract":"Selected physical, chemical and biological components of streams draining undeveloped, forested basins in North Carolina were characterized on the basis of samples collected at nine sites on streams in basins that ranged in size from 0.67 to 11.2 sq mi. Water analysis included specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, suspended sediment, pH, major dissolved constituents, nutrients, minor constituents, organochlorine insecticides, and biochemical oxygen demand. Biological characteristics included fish tissue analysis for minor constituents and synthetic organic compounds, fish community structure, and benthic macroinvertebrates. Precipitation is the source of 10 to 40% of the chloride concentration and 20 to 30% of the sulfate concentration in stormflow. Mean total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.16 mg/L during low-flow conditions to 1.2 mg/L during stormflow. Organic nitrogen was 60 to 85% of the total nitrogen concentration. Stream water was free of organochlorine insecticides. DDD, DDE, DDT, Lindane, and Mirex were detected in 18 of 60 samples of streambed material. About 35% of fish tissue analyses showed detectable concentrations of copper, lead, mercury and nickel. Synthetic organic chemicals were not detected in fish tissue. Fish community structure data were rated using Karr's Index of Biotic Integrity. Streams rated poor to good because of natural stresses on fish communities. Five streams in the Piedmont and mountains received excellent bioclassification ratings based on benthic macroinvertebrtate data. Two streams in the Coastal Plain rated good to fair because of natural stresses.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924129","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, W., 1992, Selected water-quality and biological characteristics of streams in some forested basins of North Carolina, 1985-88: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4129, viii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924129.","productDescription":"viii, 114 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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