Fire is being prescribed and used increasingly to promote ecosystem restoration (e.g., oak woodlands and savannas) and to manage wildlife habitat in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachian regions, USA. However, questions persist as to how fire affects hardwood forest communities and associated wildlife, and how fire should be used to achieve management goals. We provide an up-to-date review of fire effects on various wildlife species and their habitat in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachians. Documented direct effects (i.e., mortality) on wildlife are rare. Indirect effects (i.e., changes in habitat quality) are influenced greatly by light availability, fire frequency, and fire intensity. Unless fire intensity is great enough to kill a portion of the overstory, burning in closed-canopy forests has provided little benefit for most wildlife species in the region because it doesn’t result in enough sunlight penetration to elicit understory response. Canopy reduction through silvicultural treatment has enabled managers to use fire more effectively. Fire intensity must be kept low in hardwoods to limit damage to many species of overstory trees. However, wounding or killing trees with fire benefits many wildlife species by allowing increased sunlight to stimulate understory response, snag and subsequent cavity creation, and additions of large coarse woody debris. In general, a fire-return interval of 2 yr to 7 yr benefits a wide variety of wildlife species by providing a diverse structure in the understory; increasing browse, forage, and soft mast; and creating snags and cavities. Historically, dormant-season fire was most prevalent in these regions, and it still is when most prescribed fire is implemented in hardwood systems as burn-days are relatively few in the growing season of May through August because of shading from leaf cover and high fuel moisture. Late growing-season burning increases the window for burning, and better control on woody composition is possible. Early growing-season fire may pose increased risk for some species, especially herpetofauna recently emerged from winter hibernacula (April) or forest songbirds that nest in the understory (May to June). However, negative population-level effects are unlikely unless the burned area is relatively large and early growing-season fire is used continually. We did not find evidence that fire is leading to population declines for any species, including Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed species (e.g., Indiana bat [Myotis sodalis Mill. Allen] or northern long-eared bat [M. septentrionalis Trouess.]). Instead, data indicate that fire can enhance habitat for bats by increasing suitability of foraging and day-roost sites. Similarly, concern over burning and displacement of woodland salamanders (Plethodontidae), another taxa of heightened conservation concern, is alleviated when fire is prescribed along ecologically appropriate aspect and slope gradients and not forced into mesic, high site index environments where salamanders are most common. Because topography across the Central Hardwoods and Appalachians is diverse, we contend that applying fire on positions best suited for burning is an effective approach to increase regional landscape heterogeneity and biological diversity. Herein, we offer prescriptive concepts for burning for various wildlife species and guilds in the Central Hardwoods and Appalachians.
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Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":680520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark 0000-0002-9611-594X wford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-594X","contributorId":172499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W. 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Herein, we provide a preliminary assessment of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) population structure in North America using novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs included one molecular sexing marker, two mitochondrial markers, 85 putatively neutral markers that were derived from noncoding regions within large intergenic intervals, and 74 putatively nonneutral markers found in or very near protein-coding genes. We genotyped 523 eagle samples at these 162 SNPs and quantified genotyping error rates and variability at each marker. Our samples corresponded to 344 individual golden eagles as assessed by unique multilocus genotypes. Observed heterozygosity of known adults was significantly higher than of chicks, as was the number of heterozygous loci, indicating that mean zygosity measured across all 159 autosomal markers was an indicator of fitness as it is associated with eagle survival to adulthood. Finally, we used chick samples of known provenance to test for population differentiation across portions of North America and found pronounced structure among geographic sampling sites. These data indicate that cryptic genetic population structure is likely widespread in the golden eagle gene pool, and that extensive field sampling and genotyping will be required to more clearly delineate management units within North America and elsewhere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10592-016-0863-0","usgsCitation":"Doyle, J.M., Katzner, T., Roemer, G., Cain, J.W., Millsap, B., McIntyre, C., Sonsthagen, S.A., Fernandez, N.B., Wheeler, M., Bulut, Z., Bloom, P., and DeWoody, J.A., 2016, Genetic structure and viability selection in the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), a vagile raptor with a Holarctic distribution: Conservation Genetics, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1307-1322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-016-0863-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1307","endPage":"1322","ipdsId":"IP-068428","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5e9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, Jacqueline M.","contributorId":175099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doyle","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katzner, Todd E. 0000-0003-4503-8435 tkatzner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8435","contributorId":5979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","email":"tkatzner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":671374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roemer, Gary","contributorId":182409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roemer","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Millsap, Brian","contributorId":182410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Millsap","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McIntyre, Carol","contributorId":182411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIntyre","given":"Carol","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fernandez, Nadia B.","contributorId":175100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernandez","given":"Nadia","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wheeler, Maria","contributorId":182412,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bulut, Zafer","contributorId":182413,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulut","given":"Zafer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":30222,"text":"Selcuk University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bloom, Peter","contributorId":182414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bloom","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"DeWoody, J. Andrew","contributorId":175103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWoody","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70179631,"text":"70179631 - 2016 - Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-10T11:34:29","indexId":"70179631","displayToPublicDate":"2017-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors","docAbstract":"Amphibians are one of the most threatened animal groups, with 32% of species at risk for extinction. Given this imperiled status, is the disappearance of a large fraction of the Earth’s amphibians inevitable, or are some declining species more resilient than is generally assumed? We address this question in a species that is emblematic of many declining amphibians, the endangered Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog (Rana sierrae). Based on >7,000 frog surveys conducted across Yosemite National Park over a 20-y period, we show that, after decades of decline and despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors, including introduced fish, the recently emerged disease chytridiomycosis, and pesticides, R. sierrae abundance increased sevenfold during the study and at a rate of 11% per year. These increases occurred in hundreds of populations throughout Yosemite, providing a rare example of amphibian recovery at an ecologically relevant spatial scale. Results from a laboratory experiment indicate that these increases may be in part because of reduced frog susceptibility to chytridiomycosis. The disappearance of nonnative fish from numerous water bodies after cessation of stocking also contributed to the recovery. The large-scale increases in R. sierrae abundance that we document suggest that, when habitats are relatively intact and stressors are reduced in their importance by active management or species’ adaptive responses, declines of some amphibians may be partially reversible, at least at a regional scale. Other studies conducted over similarly large temporal and spatial scales are critically needed to provide insight and generality about the reversibility of amphibian declines at a global scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600983113","usgsCitation":"Knapp, R.A., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P.M., Miller, D.A., Vrendenburg, V.T., Rosenblum, E.B., and Briggs, C.J., 2016, Large-scale recovery of an endangered amphibian despite ongoing exposure to multiple stressors: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 113, no. 42, p. 11889-11894, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"11889","endPage":"11894","ipdsId":"IP-075546","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":333020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"42","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58760115e4b04eac8e0746d9","chorus":{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1600983113","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600983113","publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","authors":"Knapp Roland A., Fellers Gary M., Kleeman Patrick M., Miller David A. W., Vredenburg Vance T., Rosenblum Erica Bree, Briggs Cheryl J.","journalName":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","publicationDate":"10/3/2016","publiclyAccessibleDate":"4/18/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knapp, Roland A.","contributorId":69901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6567-3239 pkleeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6567-3239","contributorId":3948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","email":"pkleeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, David A. W.","contributorId":126732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A. W.","affiliations":[{"id":5039,"text":"Department of Environment, Land, and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrendenburg, Vance T.","contributorId":178116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vrendenburg","given":"Vance","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenblum, Erica Bree","contributorId":104330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenblum","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"Bree","affiliations":[{"id":6643,"text":"University of California - Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Briggs, Cheryl J.","contributorId":127721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Briggs","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":657968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70182766,"text":"70182766 - 2016 - Regional geologic and petrologic framework for iron oxide ± apatite ± rare earth element and iron oxide copper-gold deposits of the Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains terrane, southeast Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T15:58:49","indexId":"70182766","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional geologic and petrologic framework for iron oxide ± apatite ± rare earth element and iron oxide copper-gold deposits of the Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains terrane, southeast Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"This paper provides an overview on the genesis of Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks and associated iron oxide ± apatite (IOA) ± rare earth element, iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), and iron-rich sedimentary deposits in the St. Francois Mountains terrane of southeast Missouri, USA. The St. Francois Mountains terrane lies along the southeastern margin of Laurentia as part of the eastern granite-rhyolite province. The province formed during two major pulses of igneous activity: (1) an older early Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.50–1.44 Ga) episode of volcanism and granite plutonism, and (2) a younger middle Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.33–1.30 Ga) episode of bimodal gabbro and granite plutonism. The volcanic rocks are predominantly high-silica rhyolite pyroclastic flows, volcanogenic breccias, and associated volcanogenic sediments with lesser amounts of basaltic to andesitic volcanic and associated subvolcanic intrusive rocks. The iron oxide deposits are all hosted in the early Mesoproterozoic volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences. Previous studies have characterized the St. Francois Mountains terrane as a classic, A-type within-plate granitic terrane. However, our new whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the felsic volcanic rocks are effusive derivatives from multicomponent source types, having compositional similarities to A-type within-plate granites as well as to S- and I-type granites generated in an arc setting. In addition, the volcanic-hosted IOA and IOCG deposits occur within bimodal volcanic sequences, some of which have volcanic arc geochemical affinities, suggesting an extensional tectonic setting during volcanism prior to emplacement of the ore-forming systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1825","usgsCitation":"Day, W.C., Slack, J.F., Ayuso, R.A., and Seeger, C.M., 2016, Regional geologic and petrologic framework for iron oxide ± apatite ± rare earth element and iron oxide copper-gold deposits of the Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains terrane, southeast Missouri, USA: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 1825-1858, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1825.","productDescription":"34 p. ","startPage":"1825","endPage":"1858","ipdsId":"IP-067457","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336811,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.97503662109375,\n 37.66425503616459\n ],\n [\n -91.51611328125,\n 37.6816466602918\n ],\n [\n -91.4886474609375,\n 37.58594229860422\n ],\n [\n -91.549072265625,\n 37.28716518793858\n ],\n [\n -91.571044921875,\n 36.760891249565624\n ],\n [\n -91.37603759765625,\n 36.53832942872818\n ],\n [\n -91.10687255859375,\n 36.58245213849012\n ],\n [\n -90.69488525390625,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -90.3900146484375,\n 36.551568887374\n ],\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 36.55377524336089\n ],\n [\n -89.8846435546875,\n 36.56039393337068\n ],\n [\n -89.64569091796874,\n 36.53832942872818\n ],\n [\n -89.61273193359375,\n 36.586863023441836\n ],\n [\n -89.53582763671875,\n 36.62654964428433\n ],\n [\n -89.43145751953125,\n 36.57142382346277\n ],\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 36.63757008123925\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 36.66621584042748\n ],\n [\n -89.25018310546875,\n 36.62434536776987\n ],\n [\n -89.20623779296875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -89.197998046875,\n 36.83346996591303\n ],\n [\n -89.154052734375,\n 36.92793899776678\n ],\n [\n -89.17327880859375,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -89.2364501953125,\n 36.98280911070616\n ],\n [\n -89.25567626953125,\n 36.96964388918142\n ],\n [\n -89.373779296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -89.41223144531249,\n 37.046408899699564\n ],\n [\n -89.43145751953125,\n 37.092430683283474\n ],\n [\n -89.46990966796875,\n 37.19314268101434\n ],\n [\n -89.50286865234375,\n 37.23470197166817\n ],\n [\n -89.549560546875,\n 37.26312408340919\n ],\n [\n -89.56878662109375,\n 37.33304051804567\n ],\n [\n -89.461669921875,\n 37.385435182627226\n ],\n [\n -89.46441650390625,\n 37.411618795843026\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 37.49883141715704\n ],\n [\n -89.593505859375,\n 37.65338320128765\n ],\n [\n -90.97503662109375,\n 37.66425503616459\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ba8ebde4b0bcef64f0b93b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seeger, Cheryl M.","contributorId":63848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seeger","given":"Cheryl","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193497,"text":"70193497 - 2016 - Resource potential for commodities in addition to Uranium in sandstone-hosted deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-08-20T20:17:04.481889","indexId":"70193497","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5459,"text":"Reviews in Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"13","title":"Resource potential for commodities in addition to Uranium in sandstone-hosted deposits","docAbstract":"Sandstone-hosted deposits mined primarily for their uranium content also have been a source of vanadium and modest amounts of copper. Processing of these ores has also recovered small amounts of molybdenum, rhenium, rare earth elements, scandium, and selenium. These deposits share a generally common origin, but variations in the source of metals, composition of ore-forming solutions, and geologic history result in complex variability in deposit composition. This heterogeneity is evident regionally within the same host rock, as well as within districts. Future recovery of elements associated with uranium in these deposits will be strongly dependent on mining and ore-processing methods.
","largerWorkTitle":"Rare earth and critical elements in ore deposits","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","usgsCitation":"Breit, G.N., 2016, Resource potential for commodities in addition to Uranium in sandstone-hosted deposits, chap. 13 of Rare earth and critical elements in ore deposits: Reviews in Economic Geology, p. 323-338.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"323","endPage":"338","ipdsId":"IP-057031","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349564,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc65e4b06e28e9c23e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Breit, George N. 0000-0003-2188-6798 gbreit@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2188-6798","contributorId":1480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breit","given":"George","email":"gbreit@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70179347,"text":"70179347 - 2016 - Comment on “The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T12:26:10","indexId":"70179347","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson et al.","docAbstract":"Results from a highly idealized, 2-D computational model indicate that dynamic normal-stress rarefactions might cause friction reduction in long-runout landslides, but the physical relevance of the idealized dynamics has not been confirmed by experimental tests. More importantly, the model results provide no evidence that refutes alternative hypotheses about friction reduction mechanisms. One alternative hypothesis, which is strongly supported by field evidence, experimental data, and the predictions of a well-constrained computational model, involves development of high pore fluid pressures in deforming landslide material or overridden bed material. However, no scientific basis exists for concluding that a universal mechanism is responsible for friction reduction in all long-runout landslides.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2016JF003979","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 2016, Comment on “The reduction of friction in long-runout landslides as an emergent phenomenon” by Brandon C. Johnson et al.: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 121, no. 11, p. 2238-2242, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JF003979.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2238","endPage":"2242","ipdsId":"IP-076543","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"121","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f0fe4b0cd2dabe7c4a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70181022,"text":"70181022 - 2016 - Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient red wolves (Canis rufus)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-11T15:58:46","indexId":"70181022","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Space use and habitat selection by resident and transient red wolves (Canis rufus)","docAbstract":"Recovery of large carnivores remains a challenge because complex spatial dynamics that facilitate population persistence are poorly understood. In particular, recovery of the critically endangered red wolf (Canis rufus) has been challenging because of its vulnerability to extinction via human-caused mortality and hybridization with coyotes (Canis latrans). Therefore, understanding red wolf space use and habitat selection is important to assist recovery because key aspects of wolf ecology such as interspecific competition, foraging, and habitat selection are well-known to influence population dynamics and persistence. During 2009–2011, we used global positioning system (GPS) radio-telemetry to quantify space use and 3rd-order habitat selection for resident and transient red wolves on the Albemarle Peninsula of eastern North Carolina. The Albemarle Peninsula was a predominantly agricultural landscape in which red wolves maintained spatially stable home ranges that varied between 25 km2 and 190 km2. Conversely, transient red wolves did not maintain home ranges and traversed areas between 122 km2 and 681 km2. Space use by transient red wolves was not spatially stable and exhibited shifting patterns until residency was achieved by individual wolves. Habitat selection was similar between resident and transient red wolves in which agricultural habitats were selected over forested habitats. However, transients showed stronger selection for edges and roads than resident red wolves. Behaviors of transient wolves are rarely reported in studies of space use and habitat selection because of technological limitations to observed extensive space use and because they do not contribute reproductively to populations. Transients in our study comprised displaced red wolves and younger dispersers that competed for limited space and mating opportunities. Therefore, our results suggest that transiency is likely an important life-history strategy for red wolves that facilitates metapopulation dynamics through short- and long-distance movements and eventual replacement of breeding residents lost to mortality.
Studies of habitat selection can reveal important patterns to guide habitat restoration and management for species of conservation concern. Giant gartersnakes Thamnophis gigas are endemic to the Central Valley of California, where >90% of their historical wetland habitat has been converted to agricultural and other uses. Information about the selection of habitats by individual giant gartersnakes would guide habitat restoration by indicating which habitat features and vegetation types are likely to be selected by these rare snakes. We examined activity patterns and selection of microhabitats and vegetation types by adult female giant gartersnakes with radiotelemetry at a site composed of rice agriculture and restored wetlands using a paired case-control study design. Adult female giant gartersnakes were 14.7 (95% credible interval [CRI] = 9.4–23.7) times more likely to be active (foraging, mating, or moving) when located in aquatic habitats than when located in terrestrial habitats. Microhabitats associated with cover—particularly emergent vegetation, terrestrial vegetation, and litter—were positively selected by giant gartersnakes. Individual giant gartersnakes varied greatly in their selection of rice and rock habitats, but varied little in their selection of open water. Tules Schoenoplectus acutus were the most strongly selected vegetation type, and duckweed Lemna spp., water-primrose Ludwigia spp., forbs, and grasses also were positively selected at the levels of availability observed at our study site. Management practices that promote the interface of water with emergent aquatic and herbaceous terrestrial vegetation will likely benefit giant gartersnakes. Given their strong selection of tules, restoration of native tule marshes will likely provide the greatest benefit to these threatened aquatic snakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Journals","doi":"10.3996/042016-JFWM-029","usgsCitation":"Halstead, B., Valcarcel, P., Wylie, G.D., Coates, P.S., Casazza, M.L., and Rosenberg, D.K., 2016, Active season microhabitat and vegetation selection by giant gartersnakes associated with a restored marsh in California: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 7, no. 2, p. 397-407, https://doi.org/10.3996/042016-JFWM-029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"397","endPage":"407","ipdsId":"IP-054874","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488587,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/042016-jfwm-029","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438481,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7QF8R0R","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Microhabitat and Vegetation Selection by Giant Gartersnakes Associated with a Restored Marsh in California"},{"id":332349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335351,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7QF8R0R","text":"Microhabitat and vegetation selection by giant gartersnakes associated with a restored marsh in California"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51a9e4b01224f329b5dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valcarcel, Patricia","contributorId":177543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valcarcel","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosenberg, Daniel K.","contributorId":177550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179126,"text":"70179126 - 2016 - Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T09:08:29","indexId":"70179126","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert","docAbstract":"Restoring dryland ecosystems is a global challenge due to synergistic drivers of disturbance coupled with unpredictable environmental conditions. Dryland plant species have evolved complex life-history strategies to cope with fluctuating resources and climatic extremes. Although rarely quantified, local adaptation is likely widespread among these species and potentially influences restoration outcomes. The common practice of reintroducing propagules to restore dryland ecosystems, often across large spatial scales, compels evaluation of adaptive divergence within these species. Such evaluations are critical to understanding the consequences of large-scale manipulation of gene flow and to predicting success of restoration efforts. However, genetic information for species of interest can be difficult and expensive to obtain through traditional common garden experiments. Recent advances in landscape genetics offer marker-based approaches for identifying environmental drivers of adaptive genetic variability in non-model species, but tools are still needed to link these approaches with practical aspects of ecological restoration. Here, we combine spatially-explicit landscape genetics models with flexible visualization tools to demonstrate how cost-effective evaluations of adaptive genetic divergence can facilitate implementation of different seed sourcing strategies in ecological restoration. We apply these methods to Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers genotyped in two Mojave Desert shrub species of high restoration importance: the long-lived, wind-pollinated gymnosperm Ephedra nevadensis, and the short-lived, insect-pollinated angiosperm Sphaeralcea ambigua. Mean annual temperature was identified as an important driver of adaptive genetic divergence for both species. Ephedra showed stronger adaptive divergence with respect to precipitation variability, while temperature variability and precipitation averages explained a larger fraction of adaptive divergence in Sphaeralcea. We describe multivariate statistical approaches for interpolating spatial patterns of adaptive divergence while accounting for potential bias due to neutral genetic structure. Through a spatial bootstrapping procedure, we also visualize patterns in the magnitude of model uncertainty. Finally, we introduce an interactive, distance-based mapping approach that explicitly links marker-based models of adaptive divergence with local or admixture seed sourcing strategies, promoting effective native plant restoration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/eap.1447","usgsCitation":"Shryock, D.F., Havrilla, C.A., DeFalco, L.A., Esque, T., Custer, N., and Wood, T.E., 2016, Landscape genetic approaches to guide native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert: Ecological Applications, v. 27, no. 2, p. 429-445, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1447.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"445","ipdsId":"IP-070517","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1447","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":332262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"27","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58590007e4b03639a6025e27","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/eap.1447","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1447","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Shryock Daniel F., Havrilla Caroline A., DeFalco Lesley A., Esque Todd C., Custer Nathan A., Wood Troy E.","journalName":"Ecological Applications","publicationDate":"1/30/2017","publiclyAccessibleDate":"1/30/2017"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shryock, Daniel F. dshryock@usgs.gov","contributorId":5139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shryock","given":"Daniel","email":"dshryock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Havrilla, Caroline A. 0000-0003-3913-0980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-0980","contributorId":146326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Havrilla","given":"Caroline","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16669,"text":"U of CO, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeFalco, Lesley A. 0000-0002-7542-9261 ldefalco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-9261","contributorId":177536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFalco","given":"Lesley","email":"ldefalco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. 0000-0002-4166-6234 tesque@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4166-6234","contributorId":168763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Custer, Nathan ncuster@usgs.gov","contributorId":5561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Nathan","email":"ncuster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wood, Troy E. 0000-0002-1533-5714 twood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-5714","contributorId":4023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Troy","email":"twood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178792,"text":"70178792 - 2016 - Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:22:14","indexId":"70178792","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)","docAbstract":"Endogenous progestogens and pharmaceutical progestins enter the environment through wastewater treatment plant effluent and agricultural field runoff. Lab studies demonstrate strong, negative exposure effects of these chemicals on aquatic vertebrate reproduction. Behavior can be a sensitive, early indicator of exposure to environmental contaminants associated with altered reproduction yet is rarely examined in ecotoxicology studies. Gestodene is a human contraceptive progestin and a potent activator of fish androgen receptors. Our objective was to test the effects of gestodene on reproductive behavior and associated egg deposition in the fathead minnow. After only 1 day, males exposed to ng/L of gestodene were more aggressive and less interested in courtship and mating, and exposed females displayed less female courtship behavior. Interestingly, 25% of the gestodene tanks contained a female that drove the male out of the breeding tile and displayed male-typical courtship behaviors toward the other female. Gestodene decreased or arrested egg deposition with no observed gonadal histopathology. Together, these results suggest that effects on egg deposition are primarily due to altered reproductive behavior. The mechanisms by which gestodene disrupts behavior are unknown. Nonetheless, the rapid and profound alterations of the reproductive biology of gestodene-exposed fish suggest that wild populations could be similarly affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b00799","usgsCitation":"Frankel, T.E., Meyer, M.T., Kolpin, D.W., Gillis, A.B., Alvarez, D., and Orlando, E.F., 2016, Exposure to the contraceptive progestin, gestodene, alters reproductive behavior, arrests egg deposition, and masculinizes development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas): Environmental Science & Technology, v. 50, no. 11, p. 5991-5999, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00799.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"5991","endPage":"5999","ipdsId":"IP-070808","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331670,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"584a7f7de4b07e29c706dd37","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b00799","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00799","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Frankel Tyler E., Meyer Michael T., Kolpin Dana W., Gillis Amanda B., Alvarez David A., Orlando Edward F.","journalName":"Environmental Science & Technology","publicationDate":"6/7/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Tyler E.","contributorId":177293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frankel","given":"Tyler","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillis, Amanda B.","contributorId":177294,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillis","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alvarez, David A. dalvarez@usgs.gov","contributorId":139231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"David A.","email":"dalvarez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Orlando, Edward F.","contributorId":177295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orlando","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178701,"text":"70178701 - 2016 - Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T12:34:47","indexId":"70178701","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":832,"text":"Applied Energy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios","docAbstract":"The United States has and will likely continue to obtain an increasing share of its electricity from solar photovoltaics (PV) and wind power, especially under the Clean Power Plan (CPP). The need for additional solar PV modules and wind turbines will, among other things, result in greater demand for a number of minor metals that are produced mainly or only as byproducts. In this analysis, the quantities of 11 byproduct metals (Ag, Cd, Te, In, Ga, Se, Ge, Nd, Pr, Dy, and Tb) required for wind turbines with rare-earth permanent magnets and four solar PV technologies are assessed through the year 2040. Three key uncertainties (electricity generation capacities, technology market shares, and material intensities) are varied to develop 42 scenarios for each byproduct metal. The results indicate that byproduct metal requirements vary significantly across technologies, scenarios, and over time. In certain scenarios, the requirements are projected to become a significant portion of current primary production. This is especially the case for Te, Ge, Dy, In, and Tb under the more aggressive scenarios of increasing market share and conservative material intensities. Te and Dy are, perhaps, of most concern given their substitution limitations. In certain years, the differences in byproduct metal requirements between the technology market share and material intensity scenarios are greater than those between the various CPP and No CPP scenarios. Cumulatively across years 2016–2040, the various CPP scenarios are estimated to require 15–43% more byproduct metals than the No CPP scenario depending on the specific byproduct metal and scenario. Increasing primary production via enhanced recovery rates of the byproduct metals during the beneficiation and enrichment operations, improving end-of-life recycling rates, and developing substitutes are important strategies that may help meet the increased demand for these byproduct metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.062","usgsCitation":"Nassar, N., Wilburn, D.R., and Goonan, T.G., 2016, Byproduct metal requirements for U.S. wind and solar photovoltaic electricity generation up to the year 2040 under various Clean Power Plan scenarios: Applied Energy, v. 183, p. 1209-1226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.062.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1226","ipdsId":"IP-078635","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7be4b06d80b7af6aa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nassar, Nedal T. 0000-0001-8758-9732 nnassar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8758-9732","contributorId":177175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nassar","given":"Nedal T.","email":"nnassar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":654872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilburn, David R. 0000-0002-5371-7617 wilburn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5371-7617","contributorId":1755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilburn","given":"David","email":"wilburn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175362,"text":"70175362 - 2016 - Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T10:24:46","indexId":"70175362","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis)","docAbstract":"Global amphibian declines have been attributed to a number of factors including disease, invasive species, habitat degradation, and climate change. Reintroduction is one management action that is commonly used with the goal of recovering imperiled species. The success of reintroductions varies widely, and evaluating their efficacy requires estimates of population viability metrics, such as underlying vital rates and trends in abundance. Although rarely quantified, assessing vital rates for recovering populations provides a more mechanistic understanding of population growth than numerical trends in population occupancy or abundance. We used three years of capture-mark-recapture data from three breeding ponds and a Cormack-Jolly-Seber model to estimate annual apparent survival for reintroduced populations of the federally threatened Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis) at the Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR), in the Altar Valley, Arizona, USA. To place our results in context, we also compiled published survival estimates for other ranids. Average apparent survival of Chiricahua Leopard Frogs at BANWR was 0.27 (95% CI [0.07, 0.74]) and average individual capture probability was 0.02 (95% CI [0, 0.05]). Our apparent survival estimate for Chiricahua Leopard Frogs is lower than for most other ranids and is not consistent with recent research that showed metapopulation viability in the Altar Valley is high. We suggest that low apparent survival may be indicative of high emigration rates. We recommend that future research should estimate emigration rates so that actual, rather than apparent, survival can be quantified to improve population viability assessments of threatened species following reintroduction efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists","doi":"10.1643/CE-16-406","usgsCitation":"Howell, P., Hossack, B.R., Muths, E.L., Sigafus, B.H., and Chandler, R.B., 2016, Survival estimates for reintroduced populations of the Chiricahua Leopard Frog (Lithobates chiricahuensis): Copeia, v. 104, no. 4, p. 824-830, https://doi.org/10.1643/CE-16-406.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"824","endPage":"830","ipdsId":"IP-072948","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7ce4b06d80b7af6aab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howell, Paige E.","contributorId":173495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Paige E.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hossack, Blake R. 0000-0001-7456-9564 blake_hossack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-9564","contributorId":1177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hossack","given":"Blake","email":"blake_hossack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sigafus, Brent H. 0000-0002-7422-8927 bsigafus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7422-8927","contributorId":4534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sigafus","given":"Brent","email":"bsigafus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chandler, Richard B. rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":63524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70185638,"text":"70185638 - 2016 - Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:53:50","indexId":"70185638","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow","docAbstract":"Ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts and nodules are marine sed- imentary mineral deposits, composed mostly of iron and manganese oxides. They precipitate very slowly from seawa- ter, or for nodules also from deep-sea sediment pore waters, recording the chemical signature of these source waters as they grow. Additional elements incorporate via sorption pro- cesses onto the Fe-Mn oxides, including rare and valuable metals that can reach concentrations that are economically valuable.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, A Comprehensive Reference Source on the Chemistry of the Earth","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1","usgsCitation":"Mizell, K., and Hein, J.R., 2016, Ferromanganese crusts and nodules, rocks that grow, chap. of Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, A Comprehensive Reference Source on the Chemistry of the Earth, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-077914","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338339,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_101-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6abfe4b02ff32c6aea2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mizell, Kira 0000-0002-5066-787X kmizell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-787X","contributorId":4914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mizell","given":"Kira","email":"kmizell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hein, James R. 0000-0002-5321-899X jhein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5321-899X","contributorId":140835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hein","given":"James","email":"jhein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188836,"text":"70188836 - 2016 - Mineralogy, chemistry, and fluid-aided evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe oxide-(Y + REE) deposit, southeast Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:49:02","indexId":"70188836","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T14:48:56","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogy, chemistry, and fluid-aided evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe oxide-(Y + REE) deposit, southeast Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"The Kiruna-type Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit is hosted by a sequence of 1.47 Ga rhyolite tuffs of the St. Francois Mountains, southeast Missouri, USA. It consists of a series of altered zones composed mainly of amphibole, magnetite, hematite, and quartz, together with the presence of several rare earth element (Y + REE)-rich breccia pipes. In many cases, the fluorapatite within these zones is rich in inclusions of monazite, iron oxide, and quartz inclusions, plus minor xenotime. Monazite and minor xenotime are also found intergrown as inclusions in the fluorapatite, as well as in surrounding recrystallized magnetite and hematite in the magnetite ore. Monazite and xenotime typically occur as inclusions within both oxides. Monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) are both relatively poor (<2 wt %) in ThO2 and UO2. No significant compositional differences exist in the (Y + REE) chemistry between monazite and xenotime inclusions in fluorapatite compared to grains intergrown with magnetite and hematite, suggesting that these two REE-rich minerals are cogenetic. Monazite-xenotime geothermometry and geochronology of monazite inclusions in fluorapatite provide evidence that formation/remobilization of the (Y + REE) phosphates took place at ca. 50° to 400°C, approximately 5 to 10 m.y. after emplacement of the main iron oxide-phosphate orebody. Evidence from field relationships and fluid inclusion chemistry, together with the massive recrystallization and remobilization of fluorapatite, monazite, xenotime, and iron oxides at Pea Ridge, suggest a subvolcanic origin coupled with a strong metasomatic reworking of the IOA deposit.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1963","usgsCitation":"Harlov, D.E., Meighan, C.J., Kerr, I.D., and Samson, I.M., 2016, Mineralogy, chemistry, and fluid-aided evolution of the Pea Ridge Fe oxide-(Y + REE) deposit, southeast Missouri, USA: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 1963-1984, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1963.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1963","endPage":"1984","ipdsId":"IP-078372","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -89.9,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -89.9,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 38.25\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc800e4b0f5d57878ec05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlov, Daniel E.","contributorId":193484,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlov","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meighan, Corey J. 0000-0002-5668-1621 cmeighan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-1621","contributorId":5892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meighan","given":"Corey","email":"cmeighan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kerr, Ian D.","contributorId":193485,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Iain M.","contributorId":193486,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samson","given":"Iain","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188831,"text":"70188831 - 2016 - Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies of the Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite–rare earth element deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, southeast Missouri, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-07T14:42:35","indexId":"70188831","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T14:42:28","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies of the Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite–rare earth element deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, southeast Missouri, USA","docAbstract":"Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies were conducted on variably altered and mineralized samples from the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite (IOA)-rare earth element (REE) deposit in order to constrain P-T conditions, fluid chemistry, and the source of salt and volatiles during early magnetite and later REE mineralization.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-cathodoluminescence and SEM-backscatter electron images show that quartz and rutile precipitated before, during, and after magnetite and REE mineral growth. Ti-in-quartz and Zr-in-rutile equilibration temperatures range from ≤350° to 750°C in the amphibole, magnetite, hematite, and silicified zones where T increased during magnetite and quartz growth and dropped precipitously after fracturing and brecciation. Late drusy quartz cements within a REE-rich breccia pipe record the lowest T (≤315°–400°C).
Liquid-, vapor-rich, and hypersaline (±hematite, calcite) fluid inclusions are common and liquid CO2 is present locally. Salinities define three populations: saline (10–27 wt % NaCl equiv), hypersaline (34–>60 wt % NaCl equiv), and dilute (0–10 wt % NaCl equiv ). The wide range of eutectic melting temperatures (−67° to −19°C) suggests that saline inclusions trapped variable proportions of a CaCl-MgCl-FeCl-bearing fluid end member and an NaCl-KCl fluid end member. Homogenization temperatures and pressures of these saline inclusions suggest they were trapped when fluids unmixed into brine and vapor at T <350°C, P <15 MPa, and a depth of ~1.5 km. Hypersaline inclusions were trapped at low T and P (~200°C and ~1 MPa) along the V + L + H curve when the system vented to the paleosurface. Data for dilute inclusions in late drusy quartz from the REE-rich breccia pipe are indicative of a boiling epithermal environment.
The Na/Cl, Na/K, and Cl/Br ratios of fluid inclusion extracts provide evidence for mixtures of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and evaporated seawater. Extracts from magnetite, hematite, and pyrite plot in the magmatic-hydrothermal field, indicating that Fe was derived from a magmatic source. Their enrichments in Mg and Ca are consistent with a mafic magmatic source. The positive correlation between Na/Mg and Na/Ca ratios may be due to halite saturation or albitization of igneous rocks. Extracts from barite in the REE-rich breccia pipes are enriched in Na and Br and plot near the seawater evaporation trend.
He is highly enriched relative to Ne and Ar in fluid inclusion extracts, which precludes air as a source of He. Although the He is mostly of crustal origin, pyrite with a 3He/4He (R/RA) of 0.1 contains up to 12% mantle He. Many extracts have low 20Ne/22Ne ratios due to nucleogenic production of 22Ne in high F/O minerals such as fluorapatite or F biotite. The arrays of data for 3He/4He (R/RA) and 22Ne/20Ne suggest that volatiles were derived from two sources, a moderate F mafic magma containing mantle He and a high F silicic magma with crustal He.
Together with other evidence cited in this report, these data (1) support a magmatic hydrothermal origin for the Mesoproterozoic magnetite-apatite deposit with ore fluids derived from a concealed mafic to intermediate-composition intrusion, (2) suggest that the REE minerals in breccia pipes were either derived from apatite or precipitated in response to decompression and cooling during breccia pipe formation, (3) provide evidence for the influx of basinal brine, magmatic fluids from granitic intrusions, and meteoric water after breccia pipe formation, and (4) show that Pea Ridge was relatively unaffected by the late Paleozoic Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn system in overlying Cambrian sedimentary rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1985","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A.H., Meighan, C.J., Song, X., Samson, I., Marsh, E.E., Lowers, H.A., Emsbo, P., and Hunt, A.G., 2016, Mineral thermometry and fluid inclusion studies of the Pea Ridge iron oxide-apatite–rare earth element deposit, Mesoproterozoic St. Francois Mountains Terrane, southeast Missouri, USA: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 1985-2016, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1985.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1985","endPage":"2016","ipdsId":"IP-076706","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc800e4b0f5d57878ec07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meighan, Corey J. 0000-0002-5668-1621 cmeighan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5668-1621","contributorId":5892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meighan","given":"Corey","email":"cmeighan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Song, Xinyu","contributorId":193465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Xinyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Samson, Iain","contributorId":193466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Samson","given":"Iain","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Erin E. 0000-0001-5245-9532 emarsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5245-9532","contributorId":1250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Erin","email":"emarsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowers, Heather A. 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":191307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70191260,"text":"70191260 - 2016 - Geochemistry, Nd-Pb Isotopes, and Pb-Pb Ages of the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element Deposit, Southeast Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-02T16:32:15","indexId":"70191260","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry, Nd-Pb Isotopes, and Pb-Pb Ages of the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element Deposit, Southeast Missouri","docAbstract":"Iron oxide-apatite and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits occur within ~1.48 to 1.47 Ga volcanic rocks of the St. Francois Mountains terrane near a regional boundary separating crustal blocks having contrasting depleted-mantle Sm-Nd model ages (TDM). Major and trace element analyses and Nd and Pb isotope data were obtained to characterize the Pea Ridge deposit, improve identification of exploration targets, and better understand the regional distribution of mineralization with respect to crustal blocks. The Pea Ridge deposit is spatially associated with felsic volcanic rocks and plutons. Mafic to intermediate-composition rocks are volumetrically minor. Data for major element variations are commonly scattered and strongly suggest element mobility. Ratios of relatively immobile elements indicate that the felsic rocks are evolved subalkaline dacite and rhyolite; the mafic rocks are basalt to basaltic andesite. Granites and rhyolites display geochemical features typical of rocks produced by subduction. Rare earth element (REE) variations for the rhyolites are diagnostic of rocks affected by hydrothermal alteration and associated REE mineralization. The magnetite-rich rocks and REE-rich breccias show similar REE and mantle-normalized trace element patterns.
Nd isotope compositions (age corrected) show that: (1) host rhyolites have ɛNd from 3.44 to 4.25 and TDM from 1.51 to 1.59 Ga; (2) magnetite ore and specular hematite rocks display ɛNd from 3.04 to 4.21 and TDM from 1.6 to 1.51 Ga, and ɛNd from 2.23 to 2.81, respectively; (3) REE-rich breccias have ɛNd from 3.04 to 4.11 and TDM from 1.6 to 1.51 Ga; and (4) mafic to intermediate-composition rocks range in ɛNd from 2.35 to 3.66 and in TDM from 1.66 to 1.56. The ɛNd values of the magnetite and specular hematite samples show that the REE mineralization is magmatic; no evidence exists for major overprinting by younger, crustal meteoric fluids, or by externally derived Nd. Host rocks, breccias, and magnetite ore shared a common origin from a similar source.
Lead isotope ratios are diverse: (1) host rhyolite has 206Pb/204Pb from 24.261 to 50.091; (2) Pea Ridge and regional galenas have 206Pb/204Pb from 16.030 to 33.548; (3) REE-rich breccia, magnetite ore, and specular hematite rock are more radiogenic than galena; (4) REE-rich breccias have high 206Pb/204Pb (38.122–1277.61) compared to host rhyolites; and (5) REE-rich breccias are more radiogenic than magnetite ore and specular-hematite rock, having 206Pb/204Pb up to 230.65. Radiogenic 207Pb/206Pb age estimates suggest the following: (1) rhyolitic host rocks have ages of ~1.50 Ga, (2) magnetite ore is ~1.44 Ga, and (3) REE-rich breccias are ~1.48 Ga. These estimates are broadly consistent and genetically link the host rhyolite, REE-rich breccia, and magnetite ore as being contemporaneous.
Alteration style and mineralogical or textural distinctions among the magnetite-rich rocks and REE-rich breccias do not correlate with different isotopic sources. In our model, magmatic fluids leached metals from the coeval felsic rocks (rhyolites), which provided the metal source reflected in the compositions of the REE-rich breccias and mineralized rocks. This model allows for the likelihood of contributions from other genetically related felsic and intermediate to more mafic rocks stored deeper in the crust. The deposit thus records an origin as a magmatic-hydrothermal system that was not affected by Nd and Pb remobilization processes, particularly if these processes also triggered mixing with externally sourced metal-bearing fluids. The Pea Ridge deposit was part of a single, widespread, homogeneous mixing system that produced a uniform isotopic composition, thus representing an excellent example of an igneous-dominated system that generated coeval magmatism and REE mineralization. Geochemical features suggest that components in the Pea Ridge deposit originated from sources in an orogenic margin. Basaltic magmatism produced by mantle decompression melting provided heat for extracting melts from the middle or lower crust. Continual addition of mafic magmas to the base of the subcontinental lithosphere, in a back-arc setting, remelted calc-alkaline rocks enriched in metals that were stored in the crust.
The St. Francois Mountains terrane is adjacent to the regional TDM line (defined at a value of 1.55 Ga) that separates ~1600 Ma basement to the west, from younger basements to the east. Data for Pea Ridge straddle the TDM values proposed for the line. The Sm-Nd isotope system has been closed since formation of the deposit and the original igneous signatures have not been affected by cycles of alteration or superimposed mineralizing events. No evidence exists for externally derived Nd or Sm. The source region for metals within the Pea Ridge deposit had a moderate compositional variation and the REE-rich breccias and mineralized rocks are generally isotopically homogeneous. The Pea Ridge deposit thus constitutes a distinctive isotopic target for use as a model in identifying other mineralized systems that may share the same metal source in the St. Francois Mountains terrane and elsewhere in the eastern Granite-Rhyolite province.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1935","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R.A., Slack, J.F., Day, W.C., and McCafferty, A.E., 2016, Geochemistry, Nd-Pb Isotopes, and Pb-Pb Ages of the Mesoproterozoic Pea Ridge Iron Oxide-Apatite–Rare Earth Element Deposit, Southeast Missouri: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 1935-1962, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1935.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"1935","endPage":"1962","ipdsId":"IP-070054","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -89,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n -91.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d35028e4b05fe04cc34d5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, Robert A. 0000-0002-8496-9534 rayuso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":2654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"Robert","email":"rayuso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185785,"text":"70185785 - 2016 - Status of knowledge of the Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T09:52:41","indexId":"70185785","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2166,"text":"Journal of Applied Ichthyology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of knowledge of the Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905)","docAbstract":"The Pallid Sturgeon is listed as federally endangered under the Endangered Species Act in the United States. When the species was listed in 1990 it was considered extremely rare and was poorly understood. Habitat alteration, commercial harvest, environmental contaminants, and other factors were identified as threats. Today our scientific understanding of the species and its life history requirements have increased greatly as summarized below.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jai.13239","usgsCitation":"Jordan, G.R., Heist, E., Braaten, P., Delonay, A.J., Hartfield, P., Herzog, D., Kappenman, K., and Web, M., 2016, Status of knowledge of the Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus Forbes and Richardson, 1905): Journal of Applied Ichthyology, v. 32, no. S1, p. 191-207, https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13239.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"191","endPage":"207","ipdsId":"IP-023014","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"S1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-12-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc7d5e4b02ff32c685671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jordan, G. R.","contributorId":147674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordan","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16894,"text":"U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Billings, Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":686739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heist, E.J.","contributorId":48786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heist","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braaten, Patrick 0000-0003-3362-420X pbraaten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3362-420X","contributorId":152682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braaten","given":"Patrick","email":"pbraaten@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeLonay, Aaron J. 0000-0002-3752-2799 adelonay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3752-2799","contributorId":2725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLonay","given":"Aaron","email":"adelonay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartfield, P.","contributorId":189996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartfield","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Herzog, D.P.","contributorId":103218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herzog","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kappenman, K.M.","contributorId":13412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappenman","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Web, M.A.H.","contributorId":190001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Web","given":"M.A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193725,"text":"70193725 - 2016 - Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kīlauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-04T13:15:12","indexId":"70193725","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kīlauea Volcano","docAbstract":"Lava lakes provide a rare window into magmatic behavior, and lake surface motion has been used to infer deeper properties of the magmatic system. At Halema'uma'u Crater, at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, multidisciplinary observations for the past several years indicate that lava lake surface motion can be broadly divided into two regimes: 1) stable and 2) unstable. Stable behavior is driven by lava upwelling from deeper in the lake (presumably directly from the conduit) and is an intrinsic process that drives lava lake surface motion most of the time. This stable behavior can be interrupted by periods of unstable flow (often reversals) driven by spattering – a shallowly-rooted process often extrinsically triggered by small rockfalls from the crater wall. The bursting bubbles at spatter sources create void spaces and a localized surface depression which draws and consumes surrounding surface crust. Spattering is therefore a location of lava downwelling, not upwelling. Stable (i.e. deep, upwelling-driven) and unstable (i.e. shallow, spattering-driven) behavior often alternate through time, have characteristic surface velocities, flow directions and surface temperature regimes, and also correspond to changes in spattering intensity, outgassing rates, lava level and seismic tremor. These results highlight that several processes, originating at different depths, can control the motion of the lava lake surface, and long-term interdisciplinary monitoring is required to separate these influences. These observations indicate that lake surface motion is not always a reliable proxy for deeper lake or magmatic processes. From these observations, we suggest that shallow outgassing (spattering), not lake convection, drives the variations in lake motion reported at Erta 'Ale lava lake.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., Swanson, D., and Lev, E., 2016, Shallow and deep controls on lava lake surface motion at Kīlauea Volcano: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 328, p. 247-261, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"261","ipdsId":"IP-070597","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.11.010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Halema`uma`u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3070259094238,\n 19.38224724763325\n ],\n [\n -155.22977828979492,\n 19.38224724763325\n ],\n [\n -155.22977828979492,\n 19.446198036283963\n ],\n [\n -155.3070259094238,\n 19.446198036283963\n ],\n [\n -155.3070259094238,\n 19.38224724763325\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"328","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fedfb4e4b0531197b573c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Don 0000-0002-1680-3591 donswan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":168817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Don","email":"donswan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lev, Einat 0000-0002-8174-0558","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-0558","contributorId":194355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lev","given":"Einat","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27369,"text":"Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185229,"text":"70185229 - 2016 - Rare alluvial sands of El Monte Valley, California (San Diego County), support high herpetofaunal species richness and diversity, despite severe habitat disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-16T12:49:37","indexId":"70185229","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare alluvial sands of El Monte Valley, California (San Diego County), support high herpetofaunal species richness and diversity, despite severe habitat disturbance","docAbstract":"We characterized the species richness, diversity, and distribution of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting El Monte Valley, a heavily disturbed, alluvium-filled basin within the lower San Diego River in Lakeside, California. This rare habitat type in coastal southern California is designated as a critical sand resource by the state of California and is currently under consideration for a large-scale sand mining operation with subsequent habitat restoration. We conducted field surveys from June 2015 to May 2016 using drift fence lines with funnel traps, coverboard arrays, walking transects, and road driving. We recorded 1,208 total captures, revealing high species richness and diversity, but with marked unevenness in species' abundances. Snakes were the most species-rich taxonomic group (13 species representing 11 genera), followed by lizards (11 species representing 9 genera). After the southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus helleri), the California glossy snake (Arizona elegans occidentalis) was the second most frequently detected snake species (n = 23 captures). Amphibian species richness was limited to only three species in three genera. Despite the relatively limited 12-month sampling period, a longstanding drought, and severe habitat disturbance, our study demonstrates that El Monte Valley harbors a rich herpetofauna that includes many sensitive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-61.4.294","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Rochester, C.J., Smith, N.W., Nordland, J.A., and Fisher, R.N., 2016, Rare alluvial sands of El Monte Valley, California (San Diego County), support high herpetofaunal species richness and diversity, despite severe habitat disturbance: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 61, no. 4, p. 294-306, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-61.4.294.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"294","endPage":"306","ipdsId":"IP-076910","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Lakeside","otherGeospatial":"El Monte Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.90156936645506,\n 32.86351148400473\n ],\n [\n -116.85693740844728,\n 32.86351148400473\n ],\n [\n -116.85693740844728,\n 32.89083121370136\n ],\n [\n -116.90156936645506,\n 32.89083121370136\n ],\n [\n -116.90156936645506,\n 32.86351148400473\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"61","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41ae4b0849ce97dc736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rochester, Carlton J. 0000-0002-0625-4496 crochester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-4496","contributorId":3032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochester","given":"Carlton","email":"crochester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Nathan W.","contributorId":189422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordland, Jeffrey A.","contributorId":189423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nordland","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178781,"text":"70178781 - 2016 - Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T14:09:06","indexId":"70178781","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region","docAbstract":"Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes have been analyzed in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, the largest historic producer among the known iron deposits in the southeast Missouri portion of the 1.5 to 1.3 Ga eastern granite-rhyolite province. The data were collected to investigate the sources of ore fluids, conditions of ore formation, and provenance of sulfur, and to improve the general understanding of the copper, gold, and rare earth element potential of iron deposits regionally. The δ18O values of Pea Ridge magnetite are 1.9 to 4.0‰, consistent with a model in which some magnetite crystallized from a melt and other magnetite—perhaps the majority—precipitated from an aqueous fluid of magmatic origin. The δ18O values of quartz, apatite, actinolite, K-feldspar, sulfates, and calcite are significantly higher, enough so as to indicate growth or equilibration under cooler conditions than magnetite and/or in the presence of a fluid that was not entirely magmatic. A variety of observations, including stable isotope observations, implicate a second fluid that may ultimately have been meteoric in origin and may have been modified by isotopic exchange with rocks or by evaporation during storage in lakes.
Sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides from Pea Ridge and seven other mineral deposits in the region reveal two distinct populations that average 3 and 13‰. Two sulfur sources are implied. One was probably igneous melts or rocks belonging to the mafic- to intermediate-composition volcanic suite that is present at or near most of the iron deposits; the other was either melts or volcanic rocks that had degassed very extensively, or else volcanic lakes that had trapped rising magmatic gases. The higher δ34S values correspond to deposits or prospects where copper is noteworthy—the Central Dome portion of the Boss deposit, the Bourbon deposit, and the Vilander prospective area. The correspondence suggests that (1) sulfur either limited the deposition of copper or was cotransported with copper, and (2) sulfur isotope analysis may be useful in evaluating southeast Missouri iron deposits for copper and possibly for gold.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.2017","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.A., Day, W.C., and Rye, R.O., 2016, Oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and carbon isotopes in the Pea Ridge magnetite-apatite deposit, southeast Missouri, and sulfur isotope comparisons to other iron deposits in the region: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, p. 2017-2032, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.2017.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2017","endPage":"2032","ipdsId":"IP-069800","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331639,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","volume":"111","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58492df2e4b06d80b7b093a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Craig A. 0000-0002-1334-2996 cjohnso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-2996","contributorId":909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Craig","email":"cjohnso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, Warren C. 0000-0002-9278-2120 wday@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9278-2120","contributorId":1308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"Warren","email":"wday@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rye, Robert O. rrye@usgs.gov","contributorId":1486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"Robert","email":"rrye@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193670,"text":"70193670 - 2016 - Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-04T13:50:51","indexId":"70193670","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels","docAbstract":"The ability to detect a species is central to the success of monitoring for conservation and management purposes, especially if the species is rare or endangered. Traditional methods, such as live capture, can be labor-intensive, invasive, and produce low detection rates. Technological advances and new approaches provide opportunities to more effectively survey for species both in terms of accuracy and efficiency than previous methods. We conducted a pilot comparison study of a traditional technique (live-trapping) and 2 novel noninvasive techniques (camera-trapping and ultrasonic acoustic surveys) on detection rates of the federally endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus) in occupied habitat within the Roan Mountain Highlands of North Carolina, USA. In 2015, we established 3 5 × 5 live-trapping grids (6.5 ha) with 4 camera traps and 4 acoustic detectors systematically embedded in each grid. All 3 techniques were used simultaneously during 2 4-day survey periods. We compared techniques by assessing probability of detection (POD), latency to detection (LTD; i.e., no. of survey nights until initial detection), and survey effort. Acoustics had the greatest POD (0.37 ± 0.06 SE), followed by camera traps (0.30 ± 0.06) and live traps (0.01 ± 0.005). Acoustics had a lower LTD than camera traps (P = 0.017), where average LTD was 1.5 nights for acoustics and 3.25 nights for camera traps. Total field effort was greatest with live traps (111.9 hr) followed by acoustics (8.4 hr) and camera traps (9.6 hr), although processing and examination for data of noninvasive techniques made overall effort similar among the 3 methods. This pilot study demonstrated that both noninvasive methods were better rapid-assessment detection techniques for flying squirrels than live traps. However, determining seasonal effects between survey techniques and further development of protocols for both noninvasive techniques is necessary prior to widespread application in the region. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.715","usgsCitation":"Diggins, C.A., Gilley, L.M., Kelly, C.A., and Ford, W.M., 2016, Comparison of survey techniques on detection of northern flying squirrels: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 40, no. 4, p. 654-662, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.715.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"654","endPage":"662","ipdsId":"IP-074552","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e146450458c4b5e965d92d9b6f7a9e5","text":"External Repository"},{"id":348195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fedfb5e4b0531197b573c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diggins, Corinne A.","contributorId":171667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diggins","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33131,"text":"Dept of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilley, L. Michelle","contributorId":171670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilley","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":35652,"text":"Mars Hill University, Mars Hill, NC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Christine A.","contributorId":171661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35598,"text":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission ","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70182518,"text":"70182518 - 2016 - Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-26T11:49:17","indexId":"70182518","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3784,"text":"Wilson Journal of Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment","title":"Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment","docAbstract":"Animals occupying human-dominated environments show the capacity for behavioral flexibility. Corvids are among the most intelligent synanthropic bird species. During a layover at Schipol Airport in Amsterdam, Netherlands, I photographically documented Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) perching upside down from a building cornice. In contrast to other reports of hanging birds, these jackdaws did not forage or play while upside down and appeared to use the perching spot to observe their surroundings. Although Corvids and Psittacines are known to hang upside down, especially in captive situations, such behaviors are rarely documented in the wild, and never before in association with human-built structures.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wilson Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1676/15-211.1","usgsCitation":"Katzner, T., 2016, Hanging out at the airport: Unusual upside-down perching behavior by Eurasian Jackdaws (Corvus monedula) in a human-dominated environment: Wilson Journal of Ornithology, v. 128, no. 4, p. 926-930, https://doi.org/10.1676/15-211.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"930","ipdsId":"IP-071449","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336169,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"128","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b15439e4b01ccd54fc5e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Katzner, Todd E.","contributorId":18893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katzner","given":"Todd E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189339,"text":"70189339 - 2016 - Consequences of gas flux model choice on the interpretation of metabolic balance across 15 lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:28:49","indexId":"70189339","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consequences of gas flux model choice on the interpretation of metabolic balance across 15 lakes","docAbstract":"Ecosystem metabolism and the contribution of carbon dioxide from lakes to the atmosphere can be estimated from free-water gas measurements through the use of mass balance models, which rely on a gas transfer coefficient (k) to model gas exchange with the atmosphere. Theoretical and empirically based models of krange in complexity from wind-driven power functions to complex surface renewal models; however, model choice is rarely considered in most studies of lake metabolism. This study used high-frequency data from 15 lakes provided by the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) to study how model choice of kinfluenced estimates of lake metabolism and gas exchange with the atmosphere. We tested 6 models of k on lakes chosen to span broad gradients in surface area and trophic states; a metabolism model was then fit to all 6 outputs of k data. We found that hourly values for k were substantially different between models and, at an annual scale, resulted in significantly different estimates of lake metabolism and gas exchange with the atmosphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Society of Limnology","doi":"10.1080/IW-6.4.836","usgsCitation":"Dugan, H., Woolway, R., Santoso, A., Corman, J., Jaimes, A., Nodine, E., Patil, V.P., Zwart, J., Brentrup, J.A., Hetherington, A., Oliver, S., Read, J.S., Winter, K., Hanson, P., Read, E., Winslow, L., and Weathers, K., 2016, Consequences of gas flux model choice on the interpretation of metabolic balance across 15 lakes: Inland Waters, v. 6, no. 4, p. 581-592, https://doi.org/10.1080/IW-6.4.836.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"592","ipdsId":"IP-056410","costCenters":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/iw-6.4.836","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b26be4b0d1f9f05b37ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dugan, Hilary A.","contributorId":150191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dugan","given":"Hilary","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17938,"text":"Center for Limnology University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, US","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woolway, R. Iestyn","contributorId":150345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woolway","given":"R. Iestyn","affiliations":[{"id":18007,"text":"Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Santoso, Arianto","contributorId":194468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Santoso","given":"Arianto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corman, Jessica","contributorId":194469,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Corman","given":"Jessica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jaimes, Aline","contributorId":194470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaimes","given":"Aline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nodine, Emily","contributorId":194471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nodine","given":"Emily","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Patil, Vijay P. 0000-0002-9357-194X vpatil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-194X","contributorId":203676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patil","given":"Vijay","email":"vpatil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zwart, Jacob A.","contributorId":173345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zwart","given":"Jacob A.","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brentrup, Jennifer A.","contributorId":194457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brentrup","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Hetherington, Amy","contributorId":150325,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hetherington","given":"Amy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K.","contributorId":169273,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Winter, Kirsten","contributorId":194473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winter","given":"Kirsten","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Hanson, Paul","contributorId":194474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Read, Emily 0000-0002-9617-9433 eread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9433","contributorId":190110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Emily","email":"eread@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Winslow, Luke 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":168947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen","contributorId":191961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","affiliations":[{"id":7188,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17}]}} ,{"id":70134475,"text":"70134475 - 2016 - Critical elements in Carlin, epithermal, and orogenic gold deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-05T15:25:23","indexId":"70134475","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Critical elements in Carlin, epithermal, and orogenic gold deposits","docAbstract":"Carlin, epithermal, and orogenic gold deposits, today mined almost exclusively for their gold content, have similar suites of anomalous trace elements that reflect similar low-salinity ore fluids and thermal conditions of metal transport and deposition. Many of these trace elements are commonly referred to as critical or near-critical elements or metals and have been locally recovered, although typically in small amounts, by historic mining activities. These elements include As, Bi, Hg, In, Sb, Se, Te, Tl, and W. Most of these elements are now solely recovered as by-products from the milling of large-tonnage, base metal-rich ore deposits, such as porphyry and volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits.
A combination of dominance of the world market by a single country for a single commodity and a growing demand for many of the critical to near-critical elements could lead to future recovery of such elements from select epithermal, orogenic, or Carlin-type gold deposits. Antimony continues to be recovered from some orogenic gold deposits and tellurium could potentially be a primary commodity from some such deposits. Tellurium and indium in sphalerite-rich ores have been recovered in the past and could be future commodities recovered from epithermal ores. Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada are enriched in and may be a future source for As, Hg, Sb, and/or Tl. Some of the Devonian carbonaceous host rocks in the Carlin districts are sufficiently enriched in many trace elements, including Hg, Se, and V, such that they also could become resources. Thallium may be locally enriched to economic levels in Carlin-type deposits and it has been produced from Carlin-like deposits elsewhere in the world (e.g., Alsar, southern Macedonia; Lanmuchang, Guizhou province, China). Mercury continues to be recovered from shallow-level epithermal deposits, as well as a by-product of many Carlin-type deposits where refractory ore is roasted to oxidize carbon and pyrite, and mercury is then captured in air pollution control devices.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Littleton, CO","isbn":"978-1-62949-092-2","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Hofstra, A.H., and Simmons, S.F., 2016, Critical elements in Carlin, epithermal, and orogenic gold deposits, chap. of Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits, v. 18, p. 217-244.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"244","ipdsId":"IP-055437","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59366da8e4b0f6c2d0d7d624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":525970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hofstra, Albert H. 0000-0002-2450-1593 ahofstra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-1593","contributorId":1302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofstra","given":"Albert","email":"ahofstra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simmons, Stuart F.","contributorId":127612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simmons","given":"Stuart","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7079,"text":"Energy and Geoscience Institute, University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":697144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178003,"text":"ofr20161178 - 2016 - Facilitating the inclusion of nonmarket values in Bureau of Land Management planning and project assessments—Final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-23T11:24:07","indexId":"ofr20161178","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-23T11:40:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1178","title":"Facilitating the inclusion of nonmarket values in Bureau of Land Management planning and project assessments—Final report","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the results of a series of field-based case studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to (1) evaluate the use of nonmarket values in Bureau of Land Management (BLM) planning and project assessments, (2) update existing technical resources for measuring those values, and (3) provide guidance to field staff on the use of nonmarket values. Four BLM pilot sites participated in this effort: Canyons of the Ancients National Monument in Colorado, Red Cliffs and Beaver Dam Wash National Conservation Areas in Utah, BLM’s Taos Field Office in New Mexico, and BLM's Tuscarora Field Office in Nevada. The focus of the case studies was on practical applications of nonmarket valuation. USGS worked directly with BLM field staff at the pilot sites to demonstrate the process of considering nonmarket values in BLM decisionmaking and document the questions, challenges, and opportunities that arise when tying economic language to projects.
As part of this effort, a Web-based toolkit, available at https://my.usgs.gov/benefit-transfer/, was updated and expanded to help facilitate benefit transfers (that is, the use of existing economic data to quantify nonmarket values) and qualitative discussions of nonmarket values. A total of 53 new or overlooked nonmarket valuation studies comprising 494 nonmarket value estimates for various recreational activities and the preservation of threatened, endangered, and rare species were added to existing databases within this Benefit Transfer Toolkit. In addition, four meta-regression functions focused on hunting, wildlife viewing, fishing, and trail use recreation were developed and added to the Benefit Transfer Toolkit.
Results of this effort demonstrate that there are two main roles for nonmarket valuation in BLM planning. The first is to improve the decisionmaking process by contributing to a more comprehensive comparison of economic benefits and cost when evaluating resource tradeoffs for National Environmental Policy Act analyses. The second is to use economic language and information on economic values, either qualitative or quantitative, to improve the ability to communicate the economic significance of the resources provided by BLM-managed lands.
Findings also indicate that the use of existing economic data to quantify nonmarket values (that is, benefit transfer) poses unique challenges because of the scarcity of both resource data and existing valuation studies focused on resources and sites managed by BLM. This highlights the need for improvements in the collection of resource data at BLM sites, especially visitor use data, as well as an opportunity for BLM’s Socioeconomics Program to strategically identify priority areas, in terms of both resources and geographic locations, where primary valuation studies could be conducted and the results used for future benefit transfers. Finally, whereas qualitative discussions of nonmarket values do not facilitate the comparison of monetized values, they can provide a manageable next step forward in providing more comprehensive information on nonmarket values for BLM plans and project assessments.
Center Director, USGS Fort Collins Science Center
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Box 25046, MS-939
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118