{"pageNumber":"51","pageRowStart":"1250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":37001,"records":[{"id":70175349,"text":"ofr20161127 - 2016 - Geologic structure of the Yucaipa area inferred from gravity data, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-03T11:36:18","indexId":"ofr20161127","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1127","title":"Geologic structure of the Yucaipa area inferred from gravity data, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">In the spring of 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District, began working on a gravity survey in the Yucaipa area to explore the three-dimensional shape of the sedimentary fill (alluvial deposits) and the surface of the underlying crystalline basement rocks. As water use has increased in pace with rapid urbanization, water managers have need for better information about the subsurface geometry and the boundaries of groundwater subbasins in the Yucaipa area. The large density contrast between alluvial deposits and the crystalline basement complex permits using modeling of gravity data to estimate the thickness of alluvial deposits. The bottom of the alluvial deposits is considered to be the top of crystalline basement rocks. The gravity data, integrated with geologic information from surface outcrops and 51 subsurface borings (15 of which penetrated basement rock), indicated a complex basin configuration where steep slopes coincide with mapped faults―such as the Crafton Hills Fault and the eastern section of the Banning Fault―and concealed ridges separate hydrologically defined subbasins.</p><p class=\"p2\">Gravity measurements and well logs were the primary data sets used to define the thickness and structure of the groundwater basin. Gravity measurements were collected at 256 new locations along profiles that totaled approximately 104.6 km (65 mi) in length; these data supplemented previously collected gravity measurements. Gravity data were reduced to isostatic anomalies and separated into an anomaly field representing the valley fill. The ‘valley-fill-deposits gravity anomaly’ was converted to thickness by using an assumed, depth-varying density contrast between the alluvial deposits and the underlying bedrock.</p><p class=\"p3\">To help visualize the basin geometry, an animation of the elevation of the top of the basement-rocks was prepared. The animation “flies over” the Yucaipa groundwater basin, viewing the land surface, geology, faults, and ridges and valleys of the shaded-relief elevation of the top of the basement complex.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District","usgsCitation":"Mendez, G.O., Langenheim, V.E., Morita, Andrew, and Danskin, W.R., 2016, Geologic structure of the Yucaipa area inferred from gravity data, San Bernardino and Riverside Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1127, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161127.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 23 p.; Video Animation","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077241","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329070,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1127/ofr20161127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1127"},{"id":329071,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1127/ofr20161127_gravity.mp4","text":"Video animation","size":"47.3 MB mp4","description":"OFR 2016-1127 Video Animation","linkHelpText":"Land surface, geology, faults, wells, and elevation of the basement rocks in the Yucaipa area, California."},{"id":329069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1127/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County, Riverside County","otherGeospatial":"Yucaipa Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.15888977050781,\n              33.96842016198477\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.15888977050781,\n              34.08962997133382\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.97212219238281,\n              34.08962997133382\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.97212219238281,\n              33.96842016198477\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.15888977050781,\n              33.96842016198477\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, California Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br> Sacramento, CA 95819<br> <a href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://ca.water.usgs.gov\">http://ca.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Purpose and Scope<br></li><li>Geology<br></li><li>Geologic Units<br></li><li>Data Sets<br></li><li>Depth-to-Basement Profiles<br></li><li>Limitations<br></li><li>Results<br></li><li>Animation of Alluvial Thickness Model<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mendez, Gregory O. 0000-0002-9955-3726 gomendez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9955-3726","contributorId":1489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendez","given":"Gregory","email":"gomendez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":644831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morita, Andrew 0000-0002-8120-996X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-996X","contributorId":52292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morita","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":644832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Danskin, Wesley R. 0000-0001-8672-5501 wdanskin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-5501","contributorId":1034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danskin","given":"Wesley","email":"wdanskin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176670,"text":"ofr20161172 - 2016 - Feasibility study of earthquake early warning (EEW) in Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-03T11:40:00","indexId":"ofr20161172","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1172","title":"Feasibility study of earthquake early warning (EEW) in Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of earthquake shaking on the population and infrastructure across the State of Hawaii could be catastrophic, and the high seismic hazard in the region emphasizes the likelihood of such an event. Earthquake early warning (EEW) has the potential to give several seconds of warning before strong shaking starts, and thus reduce loss of life and damage to property. The two approaches to EEW are (1) a network approach (such as ShakeAlert or ElarmS) where the regional seismic network is used to detect the earthquake and distribute the alarm and (2) a local approach where a critical facility has a single seismometer (or small array) and a warning system on the premises.</p><p>The network approach, also referred to here as ShakeAlert or ElarmS, uses the closest stations within a regional seismic network to detect and characterize an earthquake. Most parameters used for a network approach require observations on multiple stations (typically 3 or 4), which slows down the alarm time slightly, but the alarms are generally more reliable than with single-station EEW approaches. The network approach also benefits from having stations closer to the source of any potentially damaging earthquake, so that alarms can be sent ahead to anyone who subscribes to receive the notification. Thus, a fully implemented ShakeAlert system can provide seconds of warning for both critical facilities and general populations ahead of damaging earthquake shaking.</p><p>The cost to implement and maintain a fully operational ShakeAlert system is high compared to a local approach or single-station solution, but the benefits of a ShakeAlert system would be felt statewide—the warning times for strong shaking are potentially longer for most sources at most locations.</p><p>The local approach, referred to herein as “single station,” uses measurements from a single seismometer to assess whether strong earthquake shaking can be expected. Because of the reliance on a single station, false alarms are more common than when using a regional network of seismometers. Given the current network, a single-station approach provides more warning for damaging earthquakes that occur close to the station, but it would have limited benefit compared to a fully implemented ShakeAlert system. For Honolulu, for example, the single-station approach provides an advantage over ShakeAlert only for earthquakes that occur in a narrow zone extending northeast and southwest of O‘ahu. Instrumentation and alarms associated with the single-station approach are typically maintained&nbsp;and assessed within the target facility, and thus no outside connectivity is required. A single-station approach, then, is unlikely to help broader populations beyond the individuals at the target facility, but they have the benefit of being commercially available for relatively little cost. </p><p>The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) regional seismic network responsible for locating and characterizing earthquakes across the State of Hawaii. During 2014 and 2015, HVO tested a network-based EEW algorithm within the current seismic network in order to assess the suitability for building a full EEW system. Using the current seismic instrumentation and processing setup at HVO, it is possible for a network approach to release an alarm a little more than 3 seconds after the earthquake is recorded on the fourth seismometer. Presently, earthquakes having M≥3 detected with the ElarmS algorithm have an average location error of approximately 4.5 km and an average magnitude error of -0.3 compared to the reviewed catalog locations from the HVO. Additional stations and upgrades to existing seismic stations would serve to improve solution precision and warning times and additional staffing would be required to provide support for a robust, network-based EEW system. </p><p>For a critical facility on the Island of Hawaiʻi, such as the telescopes atop Mauna Kea, one phased approach to mitigate losses could be to immediately install a single station system to establish some level of warning. Subsequently, supporting the implementation of a full network-based EEW system on the Island of Hawaiʻi would provide additional benefit in the form of improved warning times once the system is fully installed and operational, which may take several years. </p><p>Distributed populations across the Hawaiian Islands, including those outside the major cities and far from the likely earthquake source areas, would likely only benefit from a network approach such as ShakeAlert to provide warnings of strong shaking. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161172","usgsCitation":"Thelen, W.A., Hotovec-Ellis, A.J., Bodin, P., 2016, Feasibility study of earthquake early warning (EEW) in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1172, 33 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161172.","productDescription":"iii, 30 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/observatory/contactHVO.html\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/observatory/contactHVO.html\">Contact HVO</a><br>Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road<br>Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718-0051<br> <a href=\"http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/\">http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Executive Summary<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Current State of the Seismic Network<br></li><li>Theoretical Performance of ElarmS and a Single Station Within the Current Network<br></li><li>Steps Toward Full EEW Implementation<br></li><li>ElarmS Compared to a Single-Station Approach<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c840","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thelen, Weston A. 0000-0003-2534-5577 wthelen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5577","contributorId":4126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"Weston","email":"wthelen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.","contributorId":81023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hotovec-Ellis","given":"Alicia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodin, Paul","contributorId":104142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodin","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176696,"text":"ofr20161175 - 2016 - Benthic processes affecting contaminant transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T09:45:28","indexId":"ofr20161175","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1175","title":"Benthic processes affecting contaminant transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>Multiple sampling trips during calendar years 2013 through 2015 were coordinated to provide measurements of interdependent benthic processes that potentially affect contaminant transport in Upper Klamath Lake (UKL), Oregon. The measurements were motivated by recognition that such internal processes (for example, solute benthic flux, bioturbation and solute efflux by benthic invertebrates, and physical groundwater-surface water interactions) were not integrated into existing management models for UKL. Up until 2013, all of the benthic-flux studies generally had been limited spatially to a number of sites in the northern part of UKL and limited temporally to 2–3 samplings per year. All of the benthic invertebrate studies also had been limited to the northern part of the lake; however, intensive temporal (weekly) studies had previously been completed independent of benthic-flux studies. Therefore, knowledge of both the spatial and temporal variability in benthic flux and benthic invertebrate distributions for the entire lake was lacking. To address these limitations, we completed a lakewide spatial study during 2013 and a coordinated temporal study with weekly sampling of benthic flux and benthic invertebrates during 2014. Field design of the spatially focused study in 2013 involved 21 sites sampled three times as the summer cyanobacterial bloom developed (that is, <span class=\"aBn\" data-term=\"goog_1023710937\"><span class=\"aQJ\">May 23</span></span>, <span class=\"aBn\" data-term=\"goog_1023710938\"><span class=\"aQJ\">June 13</span></span>, and July 3, 2013). Results of the 27-week, temporally focused study of one site in 2014 were summarized and partitioned into three periods (referred to herein as pre-bloom, bloom and post-bloom periods), each period involving 9 weeks of profiler deployments, water column and benthic sampling. Partitioning of the pre-bloom, bloom, and post-bloom periods were based on water-column chlorophyll concentrations and involved the following date intervals, respectively: <span class=\"aBn\" data-term=\"goog_1023710939\"><span class=\"aQJ\">April 15 through June 10</span></span>, <span class=\"aBn\" data-term=\"goog_1023710940\"><span class=\"aQJ\">June 17 through August 13</span></span>, and August 20 through October 16, 2014.&nbsp;</p><p>To examine dissolved-solute (0.2-micrometer [μm] filtered) benthic flux, sets of nonmetallic pore-water profilers (U.S. Patent 8,051,727 B1) were deployed. In 2013, the deployment of profilers at 21 UKL sites occurred at the beginning of the annual cyanobacterial bloom of <i>Aphanizomenon flos–aquae </i>(AFA), in the middle of the bloom period, and at the peak of the bloom. Coordinated benthic invertebrate collections also were made. Based on results from 2013, weekly deployments of profilers and collection of benthic invertebrate samples from late spring to early autumn were used to estimate temporal trends in solute flux and benthic invertebrate densities. Estimates of nutrient efflux by benthic invertebrates were determined in the spring and autumn from 2011 through 2013 and three times (spring, summer, and autumn) in 2015. This work extends UKL studies that began in 2006 to quantify the importance of benthic solute sources in the lake. In 2015, piezometers and thermistor sets were deployed to quantify potential groundwater exchange with the lake water column.&nbsp;</p><p>Analysis of the 2013 soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) benthic flux indicated no effect of location (lake region), habitat, or sampling period, and the average lakewide flux values were consistent with earlier studies that had been confined to the northern region of UKL and adjacent wetlands. The 2014 study therefore focused on estimating temporal trends at a site within Ball Bay. During both 2013 and 2014 field studies, fluxes of macronutrients (soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and ammonia) and micronutrients (iron [Fe] and manganese [Mn]) were consistently positive and increased prior to the initial AFA bloom, varied or lagged with water-column chlorophyll during the summer bloom period, then decreased after the cyanobacterial blooms, only to rebound toward pre-bloom conditions in the final weeks of sampling. These four solutes exhibited benthic loads greater than maximum riverine loads estimated during the spring and early summers of 2013 and 2014. However, consistently detectable concentrations for all four solutes provide no evidence that they consistently serve as the limiting nutrient for primary production in the lake. In contrast to the four solutes (SRP, ammonia, Fe, and Mn), benthic fluxes of dissolved arsenic (As) were both negative and positive (that is, the lakebed currently serves as both a source and a sink for dissolved As, depending on season). In a further contrast with SRP, ammonia, dissolved Fe, and Mn, dissolved-As riverine loads to UKL were of similar magnitude to benthic loads. A negative relationship between dissolved-As flux and water-column As over the 2014 temporal study provides a potential advantage for the management of water-quality in contrast to solutes, like SRP or ammonia, with consistently positive flux.&nbsp;</p><p>The mean total benthic invertebrate density during 2013 was 12,610 individuals per square meter (n=63). Although benthic invertebrate density did not change over the study period, it was higher in littoral habitats than open-lake or trench habitats and higher in the northern region compared to the central or southern regions of UKL. Mean total benthic invertebrate density during 2014 was 19,726 individuals m<span>−2 </span>(n=27). Density during the pre-bloom and bloom periods of April 15 to August 13, 2014 (the first two thirds of the 2014 sampling period), were similar to 2013. However, benthic invertebrate density more than doubled during the latter one-third of the study, that is, the post-bloom period between August 20 to October 16, 2014. Oligochaeta, Chironomidae and Hirudinea represented well over 90 percent of the benthic fauna; Oligochaeta were twice as abundant as Chironomidae or Hirudinea, the latter two of which were similar in density.&nbsp;</p><p>Benthic invertebrates may enhance dissolved-nutrient (or toxicant) transport across the sediment-water interface by (1) modifying diffusion-layer thicknesses and permeability through bioturbation, (2) enhancing advective flow across the interface through bioirrigation, and (3) excreting or expelling dissolved or particulate solutes directly into the overlying water column (Boudreau and Jorgensen, 2001). We evaluated SRP efflux via excretion for approximately 15 different major taxa in UKL. Once these measures were scaled, it was evident that benthic invertebrates potentially contribute approximately 1.5 times the amount of SRP to the water column of Upper Klamath Lake as diffusive SRP flux alone, measured in profiler deployments.&nbsp;</p><p>Sets of piezometers and temperature loggers were deployed in UKL to obtain estimates of vertical advective solute flux. The pressure transducer installations, within the piezometers, did not perform as designed, rendering the head gradient data unreliable. However, in terms of future research, this field work did demonstrate the feasibility of collecting vertical gradient data with piezometer deployments. Advective flux estimates herein are based solely on heat-flow modeling based on temperature data from four lake sites, without use of transducer data. Given the magnitudes (both positive or negative) of the heat-transfer fluxes for SRP, relative to diffusive-flux and macroinvertebrate efflux measurements (all positive but spanning the same orders of magnitude), further examination of solute advective flux is recommended as a potential transport process to integrate into existing water-quality (for example, Total Maximum Daily Load [TMDL]) models.&nbsp;</p><p>As a complement to the biogeochemical focus of this study, initial analyses of suspended-particle (floc) characteristics and settling velocities from the water column were derived near the surface and lakebed at two UKL sites. To better understand changing particle characteristics during the AFA-bloom period, suspended particles were examined in 2015 using a LabSFLOC (LF), which is a Laboratory Spectral Flocculation Characteristics version of an In-Situ Settling Velocity instrument (INSSEV-LF). Particle characteristics and settling velocities were analyzed from the water column near the surface (sample <i>dp_10</i>) and lakebed (sample <i>dp_90</i>) at two lake sites (open-lake site ML and littoral site LS01). The term “floc” refers herein to suspended particles that may aggregate or disaggregate to change in size, composition, and settling velocity.&nbsp;</p><p>During pre-bloom (May) conditions, where maximum suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) was 140 milligrams per liter (mg&nbsp;<span class=\"nowrap\">L<sup>−1</sup></span>) was now observed at site LS01 in close proximity to the bed, where D<span><sub>mean</sub> </span>peaked at 305 μm, and the corresponding Ws<span><sub>mean</sub> </span>was 3.9 millimeters per second (mm s<sup>−1</sup>). The high near-bed SPMC (828 mg L<sup>−1</sup>) experienced during post-bloom October 2015 at LS01 formed a benthic nepheloid layer (BNL) above the lake’s bed. Numerous low density, fast settling macrofloc-sized organic aggregates (D &gt;160 μm) were observed (some up to 1 mm in size) near bed at LS01 both during the bloom and post-bloom conditions; many of these flocs displayed fibrous organic structures. In terms of mass settling fluxes, the post-bloom BNL produced a total MSF of 4,139 milligrams per square meter per second (mg m<span><sup>−2</sup> </span>s<sup>−1</sup>) (92.1 percent of MSF credited to the macrofloc-sized organic aggregates/cyanobacterial colonies); that was nearly three times the corresponding near-bed settling flux observed during the July 2015 bloom and 360 times greater than the pre-bloom conditions from May 2015 (98.8 percent and 14 percent of MSF credited to the macrofloc-sized fractions for those respective months). Such changes in the near-bed settling flux demonstrate the highly significant seasonal effects that the AFA bloom has on the floc depositional fluxes in UKL and highlights the importance of seasonal monitoring of these conditions in order to correctly parameterize the wide range in depositional characteristics and floc properties measured throughout UKL.&nbsp;</p><p>Collectively, floc populations observed within UKL demonstrated a wide range in settling velocity (Ws) for a given particle size, D. Similarly, a given settling velocity was not associated with a specific particle size. This variability in particle characteristics and properties indicates the influence of varying floc effective density and its effect on mass and mass settling fluxes (MSF). The use of instruments, such as the INSSEV-LF, enables measuring the variability of settling velocity and its relation to particle density and size.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161175","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Carter, J.L., Carlson, R.A., Parchaso, F., Fend, S.V., Stauffer-Olsen, N., Manning, A.J., Land, J.M., 2016, Benthic processes affecting contaminant transport in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (ver. 1.1, October 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1175, 103 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161175. ","productDescription":"Report: viii, 103 p.; 2 Tables","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329222,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329223,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/ofr20161175.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175"},{"id":329224,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/ofr20161175_table4.xlsx","text":"Table 4","size":"96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175 Table 4"},{"id":329425,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/versionHist.txt","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175 Version History"},{"id":329424,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1175/ofr20161175_table19.xlsx","text":"Table 19","size":"18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1175 Table 19"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.09793090820311,\n              42.231567925608616\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09793090820311,\n              42.70464124398721\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79992675781249,\n              42.70464124398721\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79992675781249,\n              42.231567925608616\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09793090820311,\n              42.231567925608616\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 30, 2016; Version 1.1: October 11, 2016","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/index-scientists.html\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/index-scientists.html\">NRP staff</a>&nbsp;<br>Water Resources National Research Program&nbsp;<br>U.S. Geological Survey&nbsp;<br>345 Middlefield Road, MS-435&nbsp;<br>Menlo Park, CA 94025&nbsp;<br><a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/\">National Research Program</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Results and Discussion</li><li>Methods</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Tables</li></ul>","publishedDate":"2016-09-30","revisedDate":"2016-10-11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c83e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, James L. 0000-0002-0104-9776 jlcarter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9776","contributorId":3278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"James","email":"jlcarter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carlson, Rick A","contributorId":120306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Rick A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Parchaso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":150620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parchaso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fend, Steven V. 0000-0002-4638-6602 svfend@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-6602","contributorId":3591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fend","given":"Steven","email":"svfend@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stauffer-Olsen, Natalie","contributorId":175078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer-Olsen","given":"Natalie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manning, Andrew J.","contributorId":175079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Land, Jennie M.","contributorId":175080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Jennie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70174889,"text":"ofr20161116 - 2016 - User’s manual for the Automated Data Assurance and Management application developed for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T10:05:26","indexId":"ofr20161116","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-29T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1116","title":"User’s manual for the Automated Data Assurance and Management application developed for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data","docAbstract":"<p>The generation of Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) daily water-level and water-depth maps is dependent on high quality real-time data from over 240 water-level stations. To increase the accuracy of the daily water-surface maps, the Automated Data Assurance and Management (ADAM) tool was created by the U.S. Geological Survey as part of Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science. The ADAM tool is used to provide accurate quality-assurance review of the real-time data from the EDEN network and allows estimation or replacement of missing or erroneous data. This user’s manual describes how to install and operate the ADAM software. File structure and operation of the ADAM software is explained using examples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161116","collaboration":"Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystems Science","usgsCitation":"Petkewich, M.D., Daamen, R.C., Roehl, E.A., and Conrads, P.A., 2016, User’s manual for the Automated Data Assurance and Management application developed for quality control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network water-level data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1116, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161116.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 28 p.; Companion File","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076311","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329016,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20165094","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5094","description":"Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5094","linkHelpText":"- Using Inferential Sensors for Quality Control of Everglades Depth Estimation Network Water-Level Data"},{"id":328990,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1116/ofr20161116.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1116"},{"id":328989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1116/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329002,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1116/downloads","text":"Executable files for Automated Data Assurance and Management application","description":"OFR 2016-1116"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, South Atlantic Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> Stephenson Center, Suite 129<br> Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210<br> <a href=\"https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic/\">https://www2.usgs.gov/water/southatlantic</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract&nbsp;</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Application Files&nbsp;</li><li>Installation, System Requirements, and Removal</li><li>Application Overview</li><li>Operation&nbsp;</li><li>Application Input File Format</li><li>Application User Worksheets</li><li>ADAMDB Table Structure</li><li>Summary</li><li>Reference Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed2bdae4b090825011d41a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Daamen, Ruby C.","contributorId":105391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daamen","given":"Ruby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A.","contributorId":89242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":643011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159675,"text":"ofr20151222 - 2016 - Monitoring and research on the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) in the Pine Nut Mountains, California and Nevada—Study progress report, 2011–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-30T09:23:36","indexId":"ofr20151222","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1222","title":"Monitoring and research on the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) in the Pine Nut Mountains, California and Nevada—Study progress report, 2011–15","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">The Bi-State distinct population segment (DPS) of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) that occurs along the Nevada–California border was proposed for listing as threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in October 2013. However, in April 2015, the FWS determined that the Bi-State DPS no longer required protection under the ESA and withdrew the proposed rule to list the Bi-State DPS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2015). The Bi-State DPS occupies portions of Alpine, Mono, and Inyo Counties in California, and Douglas, Esmeralda, Lyon, Carson City, and Mineral Counties in Nevada. Unique threats facing this population include geographic isolation, expansion of single-leaf pinyon (<i>Pinus monophylla</i>) and Utah juniper (<i>Juniperus osteosperma</i>), anthropogenic activities, and recent changes in predator communities. Estimating population vital rates, identifying seasonal habitat, quantifying threats, and identifying movement patterns are important first steps in developing effective sage-grouse management and conservation plans. During 2011–15, we radio- and Global Positioning System (GPS)-marked (2012–14 only) 44, 47, 17, 9, and 3 sage-grouse, respectively, for a total of 120, in the Pine Nut Mountains Population Management Unit (PMU). No change in lek attendance was detected at Mill Canyon (maximum=18 males) between 2011 and 2012; however, 1 male was observed in 2014 and no males were observed in 2013 and 2015. Males were observed near Bald Mountain in 2013, making it the first year this lek was observed to be active during the study period. Males were observed at a new site in the Buckskin Range in 2014 during trapping efforts and again observed during surveys in 2015. Findings indicate that pinyon-juniper is avoided by sage-grouse during every life stage. Nesting females selected increased sagebrush cover, sagebrush height, and understory horizontal cover, and brood-rearing females selected similar areas, but also preferred increased perennial forb abundance. Using maximum likelihood estimation, nest survival for the Pine Nut Mountains PMU during 2011–14 was 23.8 percent (95-percent confidence interval [CI]=0.3–40.6 percent) and appeared lower in comparison to the average 42 percent nest success for sage-grouse range-wide.&nbsp;</p><p class=\"p1\">Brood survival for 50-day brood-rearing phase in the Pine Nut Mountains PMU during 2011–14 was 53.8 percent (95-percent CI=30.0–73.4 percent). Adult survival during 2011–15 was 67.4 percent (95-percent CI=56.1–76.5 percent). During 2011–14, 696 raptor/raven surveys were completed and results indicate a greater number of raven detections (<i>n</i>=464) in the Pine Nut Mountains PMU than at other study areas in Nevada. These data will be used to develop a predator index. We conducted a more minimal monitoring effort of sage-grouse populations during the 2015 field season, which included trapping efforts, general telemetry, brood monitoring, and GPS monitoring. Nest monitoring, microhabitat sampling, and raptor/raven surveys were not conducted in the 2015 season. Deployment of GPS transmitters has expanded our knowledge of movement corridors and fine-scale movement patterns by sage-grouse in the Pine Nut Mountains PMU. Movement corridors between seasonal habitats were identified with one sage-grouse traveling greater than 100 kilometers south to the Bodie Mountains in California for the winter season. The use of GPS technology to monitor movements in conjunction with intensive field efforts will be important in developing habitat models and maps for the Pine Nut Mountains PMU.</p><p class=\"p1\"><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151222","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management, Nevada Department of Wildlife, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Coates, P.S., Andrle, K.M., Ziegler, P.T., and Casazza, M.L., 2016, Monitoring and research on the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment of greater sage-grouse (<em>Centrocercus urophasianus</em>) in the Pine Nut Mountains, California and Nevada—Study progress report, 2011–15: U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1222, 40 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151222.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 40 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045610","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329146,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1222/ofr20151222.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2015-1222"},{"id":329145,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1222/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Alpine County, Carson City County, Douglas County, Esmeralda County, Inyo County, Lyon County, Mineral County,  Mono 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Western Ecological Research Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 3020 State University Drive East<br> Sacramento, California 95819<br> <a href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">http://www.werc.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Background<br></li><li>Study Area<br></li><li>Methods<br></li><li>Results<br></li><li>Acknowledgments<br></li><li>Figures<br></li><li>Tables<br></li><li>Appendix A. Evaluation of Bi-State Sage-Grouse Nest Survival Models That Consist of Habitat Characteristic Covariates for the Pine Nut Mountains, Nevada, 2011–13<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-29","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c84a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994 pcoates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":3263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter","email":"pcoates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrle, Katie M.","contributorId":175032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrle","given":"Katie M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ziegler, Pilar T.","contributorId":175033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ziegler","given":"Pilar","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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States\"}}]}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted September 29, 2016; Version 1.1: December 18, 2017","contact":"<p>Coordinator, National Water Quality Program <br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br>Reston, VA 20192</p><p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov\">https://www.usgs.gov</a></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-29","revisedDate":"2017-12-18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63be4b0bc0bec09c846","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":150737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176040,"text":"ofr20161141 - 2016 - U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2015 annual report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-21T11:27:15","indexId":"ofr20161141","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-28T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1141","title":"U.S. Geological Survey science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative—2015 annual report","docAbstract":"<p>This is the eighth annual report highlighting U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) science and decision-support activities conducted for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI). The activities address specific management needs identified by WLCI partner agencies. In 2015, USGS scientists continued 24 WLCI projects in 5&nbsp;categories: (1) acquiring and analyzing resource-condition data to form a foundation for understanding and monitoring landscape conditions and projecting changes; (2) using new technologies to improve the scope and accuracy of landscape-scale monitoring and assessments, and applying them to monitor indicators of ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of on-the-ground habitat projects; (3) conducting research to elucidate the mechanisms that drive wildlife and habitat responses to changing land uses; (4) managing and making accessible the large number of databases, maps, and other products being developed; and (5) coordinating efforts among WLCI partners, helping them to use USGS-developed decision-support tools, and integrating WLCI outcomes with future habitat enhancement and research projects. Of the 24 projects, 21 were ongoing, including those that entered new phases or more in-depth lines of inquiry, 2 were new, and 1 was completed.</p><p>A highlight of 2015 was the WLCI science conference sponsored by the USGS, Bureau of Land Management, and National Park Service in coordination with the Wyoming chapter of The Wildlife Society. Of 260 participants, 41 were USGS professionals representing 13 USGS science centers, field offices, and Cooperative Wildlife Research Units. Major themes of USGS presentations included using new technologies for developing more efficient research protocols for modeling and monitoring natural resources, researching effects of energy development and other land uses on wildlife species and habitats of concern, and modeling species distributions, population trends, habitat use, and effects of land-use changes. There was also a special session on the effectiveness of Wyoming’s Sage-Grouse Executive Order. Combined, USGS presentations provided WLCI partners with a wealth of information and conservation tools.</p><p>The project completed in 2015 yielded an index of important agricultural lands in the WLCI region. The index improves upon existing measures of agricultural productivity and provides planners and managers with additional values to consider when making decisions about land use and conservation actions. The two new projects include an analysis of satellite imagery to quantify sagebrush productivity and mortality, and an evaluation of how groundwater and small streams interact in the upper Green River Basin. Initiated in response to concern among WLCI partners that large areas of sagebrush appear to have died recently, the sagebrush study objectives are to assess effects of these mortality events on overall sagebrush ecosystem productivity, evaluate the feasibility of using satellite imagery to detect patterns in sagebrush mortality over time, and identify factors driving these mortality events. The groundwater-streamflow interaction study is being conducted by hydrologists and fish ecologists to better understand how groundwater-streamflow interactions are affected by energy-resource development and how native fish communities are affected by these factors. Expected outcomes of both new projects will provide WLCI partners with additional information and decision-support tools.</p><p>Highlights of ongoing science foundation activities included simulations of nine alternative build-out scenarios for oil and gas development and an associated online fact sheet that explains how the simulations were conducted, with an applied example for the Atlantic Rim. Also completed in 2015 was an update of the USGS online inventory of mineral resources data, and publication of a USGS uranium resource survey for the WLCI region. Combined, the outcomes of this work provide decisionmakers and managers with important baseline information for existing and (or) future planning and monitoring efforts.</p><p>Terrestrial monitoring activities in 2015 emphasized the use of satellite data in combination with other technologies and field data to monitor, assess, and (or) forecast distribution patterns and (or) trends in sagebrush ecosystems, seasonal and migration stopover habitats used by mule deer and elk, and semi-arid aspen woodlands. Several professional papers detailing new monitoring models and results have been published. Combined, this and related work will help managers understand distribution patterns and trends among priority habitats, identify areas in need of restoration or conservation, and monitor the effectiveness of habitat-management actions.</p><p>Aquatic monitoring activities entailed not only the new groundwater-streamflow interaction study already mentioned, but also continued monitoring with streamgages paired with nearby wells in the Green River Basin to assess groundwater effects on streamflow and surface water temperatures. <span>A map that portrays groundwater levels and general direction of flow in the Green River Basin was published as well</span>. Overall, outcomes of USGS hydrological research and monitoring will inform WLCI partners about water resources in the WLCI region and help to explain fish-community responses to energy-resource development.</p><p>In 2015, USGS terrestrial wildlife ecologists continued to make crucial strides towards better understanding wildlife species responses to energy-resource development and other land-use changes. This body of research includes six taxa that require or heavily depend on sagebrush habitats: sage-grouse, pygmy rabbits, 3 songbird species, and mule deer. Native fish communities are also being evaluated. Approaches include modeling and mapping wildlife species distributions, abundances, and trends; using satellite and other technologies to track wildlife seasonal movements; conducting successive phases of research that build on the knowledge gained through prior phases to reveal the specific factors or thresholds that drive population- or individual-level responses to changes; and conducting population viability analyses. Additionally, wildlife habitat association models for pygmy rabbit and sage-grouse were combined with the oil and gas build-out scenarios to project species responses to alternative energy development scenarios. Outcomes of the wildlife response research are helping decisionmakers and managers identify specific factors that contribute to species population trends, the potential for spatial overlap between important wildlife habitats and proposed energy-resource development, locations of priority habitats for restoration and conservation, and more.</p><p>Data and WLCI Web site management highlights of 2015 included not only ongoing software upgrades, but also an update of the datasets displayed in two of the online products developed for the WLCI effort: (1) a map of 15,532 oil and natural gas well pad scars and other features associated with oil and gas extraction, and (2) a map of oil and gas, oil shale, uranium, and solar energy production, both for southwestern Wyoming. In addition, a map viewer was developed for a previously published map of coal and wind production in relation to sage-grouse distribution and core management areas in southwestern Wyoming. Combined, these maps place valuable decision-support tools in the hands of WLCI partners.</p><p>The USGS coordination efforts on behalf of the WLCI in 2015 included significant work on planning and executing the WLCI science conference. They also included ongoing efforts to support Local Project Development Teams and the WLCI Coordination Team (CT) with developing conservation priorities and strategies, identifying priority areas for future conservation actions, supporting the evaluation and ranking of conservation projects, and evaluating the ways in which proposed habitat projects relate to WLCI priorities. 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C<br>Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118</p><p><a href=\"http://www.fort.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://www.fort.usgs.gov/\">http://www.fort.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Contributing Authors</li><li>Conversion Factors</li><li>Common and Scientific Names of Species in this Report</li><li>Abbreviations Used in this Report</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Highlights of FY2015 USGS WLCI Science Accomplishments</li><li>Project Reports: Baseline Synthesis</li><li>Project Reports: Long-Term Monitoring</li><li>Project Reports: Effectiveness Monitoring</li><li>Project Reports: Mechanistic Studies of Wildlife</li><li>Project Reports: Data and Information Management</li><li>References Cited and FY2015 WLCI Publications</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver 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The Southeast Climate Science Center (SE CSC) was established at North Carolina State University (NCSU) in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 2010, under a 5-year cooperative agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), to identify and address the regional challenges presented by climate change and variability in the Southeastern United States. All eight regional CSC hosts, including NCSU, were selected through a competitive process.</p><p>Since its opening, the focus of the SE CSC has been on working with partners in the identification and development of research-based information that can assist managers, including cultural and natural resource managers, in adapting to global change processes, such as climate and land use change, that operate at local to global scales and affect resources important to the DOI mission. The SE CSC was organized to accomplish three goals:</p><ol><li><i>Provide co-produced, researched based, actionable science that supports transparent global change adaptation decisions</i>.</li><li><i>Convene conversations among decision makers, scientists, and managers to identify key ecosystem adaptation decisions driven by climate and land use change, the values and objectives that will be used to make decisions, and the research-based information needed to assess adaptation options</i>.</li><li><i>Build the capacity of natural resource professionals, university faculty, and students to understand and frame natural resource adaptation decisions and develop and use research-based information to make adaptation decisions</i>.</li></ol><p>This report provides an overview of the SE CSC and the projects developed by the SE CSC since its inception. 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Carolina State University <br> Campus Box 7617 <br> Raleigh, NC 27695-7617 <br> <a href=\"https://www.doi.gov/csc/southeast/\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.doi.gov/csc/southeast/\">https://www.doi.gov/csc/southeast/ </a><a href=\"mailto:dc_nc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_nc@usgs.gov\"><br> </a><a href=\"https://globalchange.ncsu.edu/secsc/\" data-mce-href=\"https://globalchange.ncsu.edu/secsc/\">https://globalchange.ncsu.edu/secsc/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Development and Implementation of SE CSC Science Plan, 2012–15</li><li>Southeast Climate Science Center Projects by Science Theme</li><li>SE CSC Project Descriptions and Products</li><li>Conclusion</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. SE CSC Projects and Timeline of Events</li><li>Appendix 2. Southeast Climate Science Center Global Change Fellows</li><li>Appendix 3. FY12 SE CSC Science Priorities&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix 4. FY13/14 SE CSC Science Priorities</li><li>Appendix 5. FY15 SE CSC Science Priorities&nbsp;</li><li>Appendix 6. Southeast Climate Science Center Science Planning Meeting</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-28","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed44eae4b090825011d4b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Varela Minder, Elda evarela-acevedo@usgs.gov","contributorId":167575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela Minder","given":"Elda","email":"evarela-acevedo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lascurain, Aranzazu R.","contributorId":173919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lascurain","given":"Aranzazu","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":646567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMahon, Gerard 0000-0001-7675-777X gmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7675-777X","contributorId":191488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Gerard","email":"gmcmahon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":646568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176536,"text":"ofr20161166 - 2016 - Discharge, water temperature, and water quality of  Warm Mineral Springs, Sarasota County, Florida:  A retrospective analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T09:06:22","indexId":"ofr20161166","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-27T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1166","title":"Discharge, water temperature, and water quality of  Warm Mineral Springs, Sarasota County, Florida:  A retrospective analysis","docAbstract":"<p>Warm Mineral Springs, located in southern Sarasota County, Florida, is a warm, highly mineralized, inland spring. Since 1946, a bathing spa has been in operation at the spring, attracting vacationers and health enthusiasts. During the winter months, the warm water attracts manatees to the adjoining spring run and provides vital habitat for these mammals. Well-preserved late Pleistocene to early Holocene-age human and animal bones, artifacts, and plant remains have been found in and around the spring, and indicate the surrounding sinkhole formed more than 12,000 years ago. The spring is a multiuse resource of hydrologic importance, ecological and archeological significance, and economic value to the community.</p><p>The pool of Warm Mineral Springs has a circular shape that reflects its origin as a sinkhole. The pool measures about 240 feet in diameter at the surface and has a maximum depth of about 205 feet. The sinkhole developed in the sand, clay, and dolostone of the Arcadia Formation of the Miocene-age to Oligocene-age Hawthorn Group. Underlying the Hawthorn Group are Oligocene-age to Eocene-age limestones and dolostones, including the Suwannee Limestone, Ocala Limestone, and Avon Park Formation. Mineralized groundwater, under artesian pressure in the underlying aquifers, fills the remnant sink, and the overflow discharges into Warm Mineral Springs Creek, to Salt Creek, and subsequently into the Myakka River. Aquifers described in the vicinity of Warm Mineral Springs include the surficial aquifer system, the intermediate aquifer system within the Hawthorn Group, and the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Suwannee Limestone, Ocala Limestone, and Avon Park Formation. The Hawthorn Group acts as an upper confining unit of the Upper Floridan aquifer.</p><p>Groundwater flow paths are inferred from the configuration of the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer for September 2010. Groundwater flow models indicate the downward flow of water into the Upper Floridan aquifer in inland areas, and upward flow toward the surface in coastal areas, such as at Warm Mineral Springs. Warm Mineral Springs is located in a discharge area. Changes in water use in the region have affected the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer. Historical increase in groundwater withdrawals resulted in a 10- to 20-foot regional decline in the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer by May 1975 relative to predevelopment levels and remained at approximately that level in May 2007 in the area of Warm Mineral Springs. Discharge measurements at Warm Mineral Springs (1942–2014) decreased from about 11–12 cubic feet per second in the 1940s to about 6–9 cubic feet per second in the 1970s and remained at about that level for the remainder of the period of record. Similarity of changes in regional water use and discharge at Warm Mineral Springs indicates that basin-scale changes to the groundwater system have affected discharge at Warm Mineral Springs. Water temperature had no significant trend in temperature over the period of record, 1943–2015, and outliers were identified in the data that might indicate inconsistencies in measurement methods or locations.</p><p>Within the regional groundwater basin, Warm Mineral Springs is influenced by deep Upper Floridan aquifer flow paths that discharge toward the coast. Associated with these flow paths, the groundwater temperatures increase with depth and toward the coast. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that a source of warm groundwater to Warm Mineral Springs is likely the permeable zone of the Avon Park Formation within the Upper Floridan aquifer at a depth of about 1,400 to 1,600 feet, or deeper sources. The permeable zone contains saline groundwater with water temperatures of at least 95 degrees Fahrenheit.</p><p>The water quality of Warm Mineral Springs, when compared with other springs in Florida had the highest temperature and the greatest mineralized content. Warm Mineral Springs water is characterized by a slight-green color, with varying water clarity, low dissolved oxygen (indicative of deep groundwater), and a hydrogen sulfide odor. Water-quality samples detected ammonium-nitrogen and nitrates, but at low concentrations. The drinking water standard for nitrate adopted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is 10 milligrams per liter, measured as nitrogen. Water samples collected at spring vents by divers on April 29, 2015, had concentrations of 0.9 milligram per liter nitrate-nitrogen at vent A and 0.04–0.05 milligram per liter at vents B, C, and D. Typically, the water clarity is highest in the morning (about 30 feet Secchi depth) and often decreases throughout the day.</p><p>Analysis of existing data provided some insight into the hydrologic processes affecting Warm Mineral Springs; however, data have been sparsely and discontinuously collected since the 1940s. Continuous monitoring of hydrologic characteristics such as discharge, water temperature, specific conductance, and water-quality indicators, such as nitrate and turbidity (water clarity), would be valuable for monitoring and development of models of spring discharge and water quality. In addition, water samples could be analyzed for isotopic tracers, such as strontium, and the results used to identify and quantify the sources of groundwater that discharge at Warm Mineral Springs. Groundwater flow/transport models could be used to evaluate the sensitivity of the quality and quantity of water flowing from Warm Mineral Springs to changes in climate, aquifer levels, and water use.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161166","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of North Port and Sarasota County ","usgsCitation":"Metz, P.A., 2016, Discharge, water temperature, and water quality of  Warm Mineral Springs, Sarasota County, Florida: A retrospective analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1166, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161166.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-066216","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328877,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1166/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":328878,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1166/ofr20161166.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1166"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Sarasota County","otherGeospatial":"Warm Mineral Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.26177334785461,\n              27.058867814427533\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.26177334785461,\n              27.060654482992454\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25942373275757,\n              27.060654482992454\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25942373275757,\n              27.058867814427533\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.26177334785461,\n              27.058867814427533\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 4446 Pet Lane, Suite 108<br> Lutz, FL 33559<br> (813) 498-5000</p><p>Or visit the Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Web page at<br> <a href=\"http://fl.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"http://fl.water.usgs.gov\">http://fl.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods of Investigation</li><li>Retrospective Analysis</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed5309e4b090825011d4f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metz, Patricia A. pmetz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"Patricia","email":"pmetz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176467,"text":"ofr20161161 - 2016 - Groundwater contaminant plume maps and volumes, 100-K and 100-N Areas, Hanford Site, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-28T08:58:02","indexId":"ofr20161161","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1161","title":"Groundwater contaminant plume maps and volumes, 100-K and 100-N Areas, Hanford Site, Washington","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">This study provides an independent estimate of the areal and volumetric extent of groundwater contaminant plumes which are affected by waste disposal in the 100-K and 100-N Areas (study area) along the Columbia River Corridor of the Hanford Site. The Hanford Natural Resource Trustee Council requested that the U.S. Geological Survey perform this interpolation to assess the accuracy of delineations previously conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in order to assure that the Natural Resource Damage Assessment could rely on these analyses. This study is based on previously existing chemical (or radionuclide) sampling and analysis data downloaded from publicly available Hanford Site Internet sources, geostatistically selected and interpreted as representative of current (from 2009 through part of 2012) but average conditions for groundwater contamination in the study area. The study is limited in scope to five contaminants—hexavalent chromium, tritium, nitrate, strontium-90, and carbon-14, all detected at concentrations greater than regulatory limits in the past.</p><p class=\"p1\">All recent analytical concentrations (or activities) for each contaminant, adjusted for radioactive decay, non-detections, and co-located wells, were converted to log-normal distributions and these transformed values were averaged for each well location. The log-normally linearized well averages were spatially interpolated on a 50 × 50-meter (m) grid extending across the combined 100-N and 100-K Areas study area but limited to avoid unrepresentative extrapolation, using the minimum curvature geostatistical interpolation method provided by SURFER<span class=\"s1\"><sup>®</sup>data analysis software. Plume extents were interpreted by interpolating the log-normally transformed data, again using SURFER<span class=\"s1\"><sup>®</sup></span>, along lines of equal contaminant concentration at an appropriate established regulatory concentration . Total areas for each plume were calculated as an indicator of relative environmental damage. These plume extents are shown graphically and in tabular form for comparison to previous estimates. Plume data also were interpolated to a finer grid (10 × 10 m) for some processing, particularly to estimate volumes of contaminated groundwater. However, hydrogeologic transport modeling was not considered for the interpolation. The compilation of plume extents for each contaminant also allowed estimates of overlap of the plumes or areas with more than one contaminant above regulatory standards.</span></p><p class=\"p1\">A mapping of saturated aquifer thickness also was derived across the 100-K and 100–N study area, based on the vertical difference between the groundwater level (water table) at the top and the altitude of the top of the Ringold Upper Mud geologic unit, considered the bottom of the uppermost unconfined aquifer. Saturated thickness was calculated for each cell in the finer (10 × 10 m) grid. The summation of the cells’ saturated thickness values within each polygon of plume regulatory exceedance provided an estimate of the total volume of contaminated aquifer, and the results also were checked using a SURFER<span class=\"s1\"><sup>®</sup> </span>volumetric integration procedure. The total volume of contaminated groundwater in each plume was derived by multiplying the aquifer saturated thickness volume by a locally representative value of porosity (0.3).</p><p class=\"p1\">Estimates of the uncertainty of the plume delineation also are presented. “Upper limit” plume delineations were calculated for each contaminant using the same procedure as the “average” plume extent except with values at each well that are set at a 95-percent upper confidence limit around the log-normally transformed mean concentrations, based on the standard error for the distribution of the mean value in that well; “lower limit” plumes are calculated at a 5-percent confidence limit around the geometric mean. These upper- and lower-limit estimates are considered unrealistic because the statistics were increased or decreased at each well simultaneously and were not adjusted for correlation among the well distributions (i.e., it is not realistic that all wells would be high simultaneously). Sources of the variability in the distributions used in the upper- and lower-extent maps include time varying concentrations and analytical errors.</p><p class=\"p1\">The plume delineations developed in this study are similar to the previous plume descriptions developed by U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors. The differences are primarily due to data selection and interpolation methodology. The differences in delineated plumes are not sufficient to result in the Hanford Natural Resource Trustee Council adjusting its understandings of contaminant impact or remediation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Hanford Natural Resource Trustee Council","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.H., 2016, Groundwater contaminant plume maps and volumes, 100-K and 100–N Areas, Hanford Site, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1161, 64 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161161.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 64 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-071546","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329028,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1161/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329029,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1161/ofr20161161.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1161"},{"id":329030,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1161/ofr20161161_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"2.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1161 Appendix A"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.83886718750001,\n              46.25204849722291\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83886718750001,\n              46.82637528602131\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.19616699218749,\n              46.82637528602131\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.19616699218749,\n              46.25204849722291\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.83886718750001,\n              46.25204849722291\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_wa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_wa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Washington Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 934 Broadway, Suite 300 <br>Tacoma, Washington 98402<br> <a href=\"http://wa.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"http://wa.water.usgs.gov\"> http://wa.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Methods of Analysis<br></li><li>Results<br></li><li>Limitations<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>References<br></li><li>Appendix A. Calculation Spreadsheets for Groundwater Contaminant Plume Maps and Volumes, 100-K and 100-N Areas, Hanford Site, Washington<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ed5309e4b090825011d4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176338,"text":"ofr20161149 - 2016 - Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, 2014–15","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T09:30:53","indexId":"ofr20161149","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-26T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1149","title":"Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, 2014–15","docAbstract":"<p>Scientists and technical support staff from the U.S. Geological Survey measured suspended-sediment concentrations, currents, pressure, and water temperature in two tidal creeks, Reedy Creek and Dinner Creek, in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from August 11, 2014, to July 10, 2015 as part of the Estuarine Physical Response to Storms project (GS2–2D). The oceanographic and water-quality data quantify suspended-sediment transport in Reedy Creek and Dinner Creek, which are part of a tidal marsh wetland complex in the Edwin B. Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge. All deployed instruments were removed between January 7, 2015, and April 14, 2015, to avoid damage by ice.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161149","usgsCitation":"Suttles, S.E., Ganju, N.K, Montgomery, E.T., Dickhudt, P.J., Borden, Jonathan., Brosnahan, S.M., and Martini, M.A., 2016, Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, 2014–15: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1149, 22 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161149.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 22 p.; Appendix: 1-2","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076598","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328800,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1149/appendix/downloads/adcptransects","text":"Appendix 2 ","description":"OFR 2016-1149","linkHelpText":"- Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Transect Data, August 2014 and May 2015 for Reedy and Dinner Creeks"},{"id":328792,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1149/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328793,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1149/ofr20161149.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.51 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1149"},{"id":328794,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1149/appendix/downloads/watersamples/ofr20161149_appendix1.zip","text":"Appendix 1","size":"40.4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"OFR 2016-1149","linkHelpText":"- Water Sample Data, August 2014 to January 2015 and April to July 2015"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.55184936523438,\n              39.36190883564925\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.55184936523438,\n              40.08752795413118\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.02450561523438,\n              40.08752795413118\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.02450561523438,\n              39.36190883564925\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.55184936523438,\n              39.36190883564925\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:whsc_science_director@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 384 Woods Hole Road <br> Quissett Campus<br> Woods Hole, MA 02543<br> <a href=\"http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/\">http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Instruments</li><li>Site Description</li><li>Results</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Figures</li><li>Appendix 1.&nbsp;Water Sample Data, Reedy Creek and Dinner Creek Sites, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, &nbsp;2014–15</li><li>Appendix 2.&nbsp;Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Transect Measurements, Reedy Creek and Dinner Creek Sites, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, August 2014 and May 2015</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ce4b0bc0bec09c850","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suttles, Steven E. ssuttles@usgs.gov","contributorId":5752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suttles","given":"Steven","email":"ssuttles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":149613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T. emontgomery@usgs.gov","contributorId":169594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","email":"emontgomery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickhudt, Patrick J. pdickhudt@usgs.gov","contributorId":174499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickhudt","given":"Patrick","email":"pdickhudt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Borden, Jonathan 0000-0001-6844-3340 jborden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6844-3340","contributorId":3098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borden","given":"Jonathan","email":"jborden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brosnahan, Sandra M. sbaldwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":140610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosnahan","given":"Sandra M.","email":"sbaldwin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70173973,"text":"ofr20161086 - 2016 - User guide for MODPATH Version 7—A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-27T09:32:29","indexId":"ofr20161086","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-26T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1086","title":"User guide for MODPATH Version 7—A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW ","docAbstract":"<p>MODPATH is a particle-tracking post-processing program designed to work with MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) finite-difference groundwater flow model. MODPATH version 7 is the fourth major release since its original publication. Previous versions were documented in USGS Open-File Reports 89–381 and 94–464 and in USGS Techniques and Methods 6–A41.</p><p>MODPATH version 7 works with MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW–USG. Support for unstructured grids in MODFLOW–USG is limited to smoothed, rectangular-based quadtree and quadpatch grids.</p><p>A software distribution package containing the computer program and supporting documentation, such as input instructions, output file descriptions, and example problems, is available from the USGS over the Internet (<a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modpath\" data-mce-href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modpath\">http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modpath/)</a>.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161086","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 2016, User guide for MODPATH Version 7—A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1086, 35 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161086. ","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073899","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr94464","text":"Open-File Report 1994-464","description":"ofr 2016-1086","linkHelpText":"- User's guide for MODPATH/MODPATH-PLOT, Version 3; a particle tracking post-processing package for MODFLOW, the U.S. Geological Survey finite-difference ground-water flow model"},{"id":325510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm6A41","text":"Techniques and Methods 6-A41","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"ofr 2016-1086","linkHelpText":"- User guide for MODPATH Version 6 - A particle-tracking model for MODFLOW"},{"id":325508,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr89381","text":"Open-File Report 1989-381","description":"ofr 2016-1086","linkHelpText":"- Documentation of computer programs to compute and display pathlines using results from the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model"},{"id":325506,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1086/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":325507,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1086/ofr20161086.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"ofr 2016-1086"},{"id":328711,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modpath/","text":"MODPATH Version 7","description":"ofr 2016-1086","linkHelpText":"- MODPATH: A Particle-Tracking Model for MODFLOW"}],"contact":"<p>Office of Groundwater<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> Mail Stop 411<br /> 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive<br /> Reston, VA 20192<br /> <a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/\">http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Preface&nbsp;</li>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Method</li>\n<li>MODPATH Overview</li>\n<li>Examples&nbsp;</li>\n<li>Summary</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ce4b0bc0bec09c852","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":639895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176172,"text":"ofr20161145 - 2016 - Faulting, damage, and intensity in the Canyondam earthquake of May 23, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-31T10:18:40","indexId":"ofr20161145","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1145","title":"Faulting, damage, and intensity in the Canyondam earthquake of May 23, 2013","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"aBn\" data-term=\"goog_1377430826\"><span class=\"aQJ\">On Thursday</span></span><span> evening, May 23, 2013 (0347 May 24 UTC), a moment magnitude (M</span><span>w</span><span>) = 5.7 earthquake occurred northeast of Canyondam, California. A two-person team of U.S. Geological Survey scientists went to the area to search for surface rupture and to canvass damage in the communities around Lake Almanor. While the causative fault had not been identified at the time of the field survey, surface rupture was expected to have occurred just south of Lake Almanor, approximately 2–4 kilometers south of the epicenter. No surface rupture was discovered. Felt intensity among the communities around Lake Almanor appeared to vary significantly. Lake Almanor West (LAW), Lake Almanor Country Club (LACC), and Hamilton Branch (HB) experienced Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) ≥7, whereas other communities around the lake experienced MMI ≤6; the maximum observed intensity was MMI 8, in LAW. Damage in the high intensity areas consisted of broken and collapsed chimneys, ruptured pipes, and some damage to foundations and to structural elements within houses. Although this shaking damage is not usually expected for an M</span><span>w </span><span>5.7 earthquake, the intensities at Lake Almanor Country Club correlate with the peak ground acceleration (38 percent g) and peak ground velocity (30 centimeters per second) recorded by the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program accelerometer located at the nearby Lake Almanor Fire Station. The intensity distribution for the three hardest hit areas (LAW, LACC, and HB) appears to increase as the azimuth from epicenter to the intensity sites approaches the fault strike. The small communities of Almanor and Prattville on the southwestern shore of Lake Almanor experienced somewhat lower intensities. The town of Canyondam experienced a lower intensity as well, despite its location up-dip of the earthquake rupture. This report contains information on the earthquake itself, the search for surface rupture, and the damage we observed and compiled from other sources.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161145","usgsCitation":"Chapman, K., Gold, M.B., Boatwright, J., Sipe, J., Quitoriano, V., Dreger, D., and Hardebeck, J., 2016, Faulting, damage, and intensity in the Canyondam earthquake of May 23, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1145, 49 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161145. ","productDescription":"iv, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-079067","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328669,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1145/ofr20161145.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1145"},{"id":328668,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1145/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.508544921875,\n              38.46219172306828\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.508544921875,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.33349609375,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.33349609375,\n              38.46219172306828\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.508544921875,\n              38.46219172306828\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/menlo/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/menlo/\">Contact Information</a>, Menlo Park, Calif.<br>Office—Earthquake Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>345 Middlefield Road, MS 977<br>Menlo Park, CA 94025<br><a href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/\">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Regional Seismicity<br></li><li>Regional Geology and Tectonics<br></li><li>Earthquake Mechanism, Fault, and Rupture Extent<br></li><li>Search for Surface Rupture<br></li><li>Postearthquake Damage Assessment<br></li><li>Isoseismal Distribution<br></li><li>Conclusions<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix 1. Intensity Sites<br></li><li>Appendix 2. Damage Photographs<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ce4b0bc0bec09c860","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chapman, K.","contributorId":174158,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chapman","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":100,"text":"AASG National Geologic Map Database Project","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gold, M.B.","contributorId":176470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sipe, J.","contributorId":174159,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sipe","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27371,"text":"Plumas County Office of Emergency Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":647567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Quitoriano, V.","contributorId":22519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quitoriano","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dreger, D.","contributorId":12242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dreger","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne","contributorId":174635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":647568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70170129,"text":"ofr20161059 - 2016 - Gallery of melt textures developed in Westerly Granite during high-pressure triaxial friction experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T15:26:22","indexId":"ofr20161059","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1059","title":"Gallery of melt textures developed in Westerly Granite during high-pressure triaxial friction experiments","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>Melting occurred during stick-slip faulting of granite blocks sheared at room-dry, room-temperature conditions in a triaxial apparatus at 200–400 megapascals (MPa) confining pressure. Petrographic examinations of melt textures focused largely on the 400-MPa run products. This report presents an overview of the petrographic data collected on those samples, followed by brief descriptions of annotated versions of all the images.</p><p>Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the starting materials and the three examined 400-MPa samples are presented in this report. Secondary-electron (SE) and backscattered-electron (BSE) imaging techniques were used on different samples. The SE images look down on the sawcut surfaces, yielding topographic and three-dimensional textural information. The BSE imaging was done on samples cut to provide cross-sectional views of the glass-filled shear band (or zone) that developed along the sawcut. Brightness in the BSE images increases with increasing mean atomic number of the material. Additional chemical information about the quenched melt and adjoining minerals was obtained using the energy dispersive system of the SEM during BSE examinations. However, the very narrow shear-band thicknesses and common occurrence of very fine lamellar compositional layering limited the usefulness of this technique for estimating melt chemistry.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161059","usgsCitation":"Moore, D.E., Lockner, D.A., Kilgore, B.D., and Beeler, N.M., 2016, Gallery of melt textures developed in Westerly Granite during high-pressure triaxial friction experiments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1059, 75 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161059.","productDescription":"iv, 75 p.","numberOfPages":"79","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073957","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328890,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1059/ofr20161059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"81 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1059"},{"id":328889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1059/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/menloloc.php\" data-mce-href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/contactus/menloloc.php\">Contact Information</a>, Menlo Park, Calif.<br> Office—Earthquake Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 345 Middlefield Road, MS 977<br> Menlo Park, CA 94025<br> <a href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/\">http://earthquake.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Starting Material<br></li><li>Overview of Melt Textures<br></li><li>Discussion<br></li><li>References<br></li><li>Image Gallery<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ce4b0bc0bec09c864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Diane E. 0000-0002-8641-1075 dmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8641-1075","contributorId":2704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Diane","email":"dmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockner, David A. 0000-0001-8630-6833 dlockner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8630-6833","contributorId":567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"David","email":"dlockner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilgore, Brian D. 0000-0003-0530-7979 bkilgore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7979","contributorId":3887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilgore","given":"Brian","email":"bkilgore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176481,"text":"ofr20161164 - 2016 - Juvenile sucker cohort tracking data summary and assessment of monitoring program, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-23T09:58:51","indexId":"ofr20161164","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1164","title":"Juvenile sucker cohort tracking data summary and assessment of monitoring program, 2015","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">Populations of federally endangered Lost River (<i>Deltistes luxatus</i>) and shortnose suckers (<i>Chasmistes brevirostris</i>) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, are experiencing long-term declines in abundance. Upper Klamath Lake populations are decreasing because adult mortality, which is relatively low, is not being balanced by recruitment of young adult suckers into known adult spawning aggregations. Previous sampling for juvenile suckers indicated that most juvenile sucker mortality in Upper Klamath Lake likely occurs within the first year of life. The importance of juvenile sucker mortality to the dynamics of Clear Lake Reservoir populations is less clear, and factors other than juvenile mortality (such as access to spawning habitat) play a substantial role. For example, production of age-0 juvenile suckers, as determined by fin ray annuli and fin development, has not been detected since 2013 in Clear Lake Reservoir, whereas it is detected annually in Upper Klamath Lake.</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">We initiated a long-term juvenile sucker monitoring program in 2015 designed to track cohorts through seasons and among years in both Upper Klamath Lake and Clear Lake Reservoir. Specifically, our goals are to track annual variability in age-0 sucker production, juvenile sucker survival, growth, and condition. In this first year of the monitoring program, we assessed assumptions that sampled fish were representative of populations of suckers in each lake. The size, age, and species composition of suckers were similar between randomly determined sites and fixed sites in each lake. We captured a wide size and age range of suckers using similar gear, indicating our gear did not exclude older and larger fish. We identified improvements that could be made in the monitoring program including increasing the number of randomly determined sample sites in both lakes, evaluation of gear-size selectivity, and validation of aging methods for juvenile Lost River and shortnose suckers.</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Differing age composition of juvenile suckers between lakes in our 2015 catches and as reported in previous studies indicate that juvenile suckers are produced in relatively larger numbers each year in Upper Klamath Lake than in Clear Lake Reservoir. Most (96.6 percent) of suckers captured in Upper Klamath Lake in 2015 were age-0, whereas age-0 or age-1 suckers were not captured in Clear Lake Reservoir. Despite ample effort, age-0 suckers have not been captured in Clear Lake Reservoir since 2013. Estimated ages of suckers captured in 2015 in Clear Lake Reservoir ranged from 2 to 6 years. Low flow during spawning seasons in the only known spawning tributary to Clear Lake Reservoir (Willow Creek) appears to explain the lack of age-0 sucker production in recent years.</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Juvenile sucker mortality is relatively higher in Upper Klamath Lake than in Clear Lake Reservoir. We compared data collected in 2015 to previously published catch rates to produce an index of annual juvenile sucker survival for these species. We calculated indices of annual apparent survival of juvenile sucker ages 0&ndash;5 years old in Clear Lake Reservoir to be between 0.37 (&plusmn;0.86 standard error [SE]) and 0.44 (&plusmn;0.84 SE). This is the first time indices of annual apparent survival for Lost River and shortnose suckers have been calculated. This estimate has the limitation of being non-species specific because not all individuals were identified to species in previous years, and suckers that were identified included both taxa. In contrast, catch rates decreased by 89 percent for juvenile Lost River suckers and decreased 50 percent for juvenile shortnose suckers in Upper Klamath Lake between August and September 2015. Very low catch rates of age-1 and older suckers in Upper Klamath Lake indicate that annual juvenile sucker survival rates are near zero.</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Condition of suckers was assessed in 2015 based on age-0 sucker growth rates in Upper Klamath Lake and the prevalence of externally observable afflictions on suckers from both lakes. Age-0 Lost River suckers grew an average (&plusmn; standard deviation [SD]) of 0.72 (&plusmn;0.01) millimeters [mm] standard length [SL] per day, and age-0 shortnose suckers grew an average of 0.57 (&plusmn;0.04) mm SL per day in 2015. This growth rate was similar to growth rates reported for these species in Upper Klamath Lake in previous years. Opercular deformities, skin hemorrhages, black-spot causing parasites, and <i>Lernaea </i>spp. parasitism were the most common afflictions observed on suckers. Observed afflictions were primarily on suckers from Upper Klamath Lake, with the exception of <i>Lernaea </i>spp., which occurred more frequently on suckers from Clear Lake Reservoir. Opercular deformities and black-spot causing parasites were each observed on 5 percent of age-0 suckers from Upper Klamath Lake. Petechial hemorrhaging of the skin was observed on 43 percent of age-0 Lost River suckers, 38 percent of age-0 suckers of undetermined taxa, and only 24 percent of age-0 shortnose suckers from Upper Klamath Lake. Petechial hemorrhaging of the skin was only observed on a single shortnose sucker from Clear Lake Reservoir. Within Upper Klamath Lake, the prevalence of these hemorrhages was exactly twice as high as was reported in 2014.</p>\n<p class=\"p1\">&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161164","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Ostberg, C.O., Hereford, M.E., and Hoy, M.S., 2016, Juvenile sucker cohort tracking data summary and assessment of monitoring program, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1164, 30 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161164.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-079633","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1164/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328863,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1164/ofr20161164.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1164"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","county":"Klamath County","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.29980468749999,\n              43.06086137134326\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.13525390625,\n              42.706659563510385\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.750732421875,\n              41.68932225997044\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.761474609375,\n              41.492120839687786\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58544921875,\n              41.3025710943056\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.50830078125,\n              40.48873742102282\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.288330078125,\n              40.85537053192496\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.870849609375,\n              42.00848901572399\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.431396484375,\n              41.902277040963696\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.277587890625,\n              42.04113400940809\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.29980468749999,\n              43.06086137134326\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Western Fisheries Research Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 6505 NE 65th Street<br> Seattle, Washington 98115<br> <a href=\"http://wfrc.usgs.gov/\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://wfrc.usgs.gov/\">http://wfrc.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Executive Summary</li>\n<li>Background</li>\n<li>Methods</li>\n<li>Results</li>\n<li>Discussion</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c86a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burdick, Summer M. 0000-0002-3480-5793 sburdick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-5793","contributorId":3448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burdick","given":"Summer","email":"sburdick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ostberg, Carl O. 0000-0003-1479-8458 costberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-8458","contributorId":3031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostberg","given":"Carl","email":"costberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hereford, Mark E.","contributorId":67369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hereford","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoy, Marshal S. 0000-0003-2828-9697 mhoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-9697","contributorId":3033,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoy","given":"Marshal","email":"mhoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176480,"text":"ofr20161162 - 2016 - Genetic diversity and population structure in the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly (<em>Speyeria zerene hippolyta</em>) in western Oregon and northwestern California— Implications for future translocations and the establishment of new populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T15:35:36","indexId":"ofr20161162","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1162","title":"Genetic diversity and population structure in the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly (<em>Speyeria zerene hippolyta</em>) in western Oregon and northwestern California— Implications for future translocations and the establishment of new populations","docAbstract":"<h1>Executive Summary</h1><p>We present results of population genetic analyses performed on Oregon silverspot butterflies (OSB; <i>Speyeria zerene hippolyta</i>) in western Oregon and northwestern California. We used DNA sequences from a 561-base pair region of the mitochondrial <span class=\"s1\">cytochrome oxidase subunit I </span>(COI) gene for a dataset comprised of 112 <i>S. z. hippolyta </i>and 32 <i>S. z. gloriosa </i>individuals collected at 9 locations in western Oregon and northwestern California. The most pertinent findings thus far are summarized as follows:</p><ul><li>Among OSB populations, genetic diversity is lowest at Mount Hebo and highest at Rock Creek and Bray Point. Of the 32 haplotypes detected in OSB, only 2 were shared among populations (1 shared by Mount Hebo, Cascade Head, Bray Point, and Rock Creek, and 1 shared by Rock Creek and Lake Earl). The remaining 30 haplotypes were identified in individual populations, highlighting the strong differentiation among sites. It is unclear if the shared haplotypes represent widespread, naturally occurring genetic variation or if allele sharing among populations is due to translocation history.</li><li>Using full siblings of individuals that were released at Rock Creek and Bray Point in 2012 as comparison standards, the analyses suggest that 54 percent of the sampled individuals from Bray Point were naturally recruited into the population and were not originating from the 2012 release of captive reared individuals. Likewise, 33 percent of the analyzed individuals from Rock Creek were naturally recruited. Both of these estimates may be underestimates if the shared alleles that we identified among populations are naturally occurring and not a product of the 2012 translocations.</li><li>The results suggest that there are about 12–13 COI haplotypes in the Mount Hebo population. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service anticipates using Mount Hebo as the source of individuals when establishing new populations in the future. Nonlinear regression models based on a series of rarefaction analyses suggest that progeny from 12, 37, 109, and 326 female individuals would be required to respectively capture 25, 50, 75, and 90 percent of the allelic diversity from Mount Hebo.</li><li>Phylogenetic analyses identified two different haplotype groups, but the two groups did not correspond to the different subspecies used in the analysis. One group included 22 <i>S. z. hippolyta </i>haplotypes and 7 haplotypes identified in <i>S. z. gloriosa</i>. The second group included eight haplotypes from <i>S. z. hippolyta, </i>three haplotypes from <i>S. z. gloriosa</i>, and one haplotype that was detected in both subspecies.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161162","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Mullins, T.D., and Haig, S.M., 2016, Genetic diversity and population structure in the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly (<em>Speyeria zerene hippolyta</em>) in western Oregon and northwestern California—Implications for future translocations and the establishment of new populations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1162, 23 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161162.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 23 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073493","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328770,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1162/ofr20161162_appendix1.xls","text":"Appendix 1","size":"63 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016-1162 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Sample Information for Oregon Silverspot Butterfly Specimens Included in This Analysis"},{"id":328768,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1162/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328769,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1162/ofr20161162.pdf","text":"Report","size":"539 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1162"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Oregon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.69482421875,\n              41.66470503009207\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.69482421875,\n              45.321254361171476\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6181640625,\n              45.321254361171476\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.6181640625,\n              41.66470503009207\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.69482421875,\n              41.66470503009207\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 777 NW 9th St., Suite 400<br> Corvallis, Oregon 97330<br> <a href=\"http://fresc.usgs.gov/\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://fresc.usgs.gov/\">http://fresc.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Referenced Cited</li><li>Appendix1. Sample Information for Oregon Silverspot Butterfly Specimens Included in This Analysis</li><li>Appendix 2. Haplotype Frequencies Among Populations of Oregon SilverSpot Butterflies (<em>Speyeria zerene hippolyta</em>) and <em>S. z. gloriosa</em></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-20","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c6e6e4b0bc0bec09cbe5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. 0000-0003-1045-1772 mpmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-1772","contributorId":1967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176438,"text":"ofr20161160 - 2016 - Element concentrations in surface soils of the Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon region, Coconino County, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T15:58:04","indexId":"ofr20161160","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-15T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1160","title":"Element concentrations in surface soils of the Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon region, Coconino County, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>This report provides the geochemical analyses of a large set of background soils collected from the surface of the Coconino Plateau in northern Arizona. More than 700 soil samples were collected at 46 widespread areas, sampled from sites that appear unaffected by mineralization and (or) anthropogenic contamination. The soils were analyzed for 47 elements, thereby providing data on metal concentrations in soils representative of the plateau. These background concentrations can be used, for instance, for comparison to metal concentrations found in soils potentially affected by natural and anthropogenic influences on the Coconino Plateau in the Grand Canyon region of Arizona.</p><p>The soil sampling survey revealed low concentrations for the metals most commonly of environmental concern, such as arsenic, cobalt, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, lead, uranium, vanadium, and zinc. For example, the median concentrations of the metals in soils of the Coconino Plateau were found to be comparable to the mean values previously reported for soils of the western United States.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161160","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., 2016, Element concentrations in surface soils of the Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon region, Coconino County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1160, 9 p. https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161160.","productDescription":"Report: v, 9 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077409","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328663,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1160/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328665,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1160/ofr20161160_Appendix-1.xlsx","size":"236 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"SIR 2016-1160 Appendix 1"},{"id":328664,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1160/ofr20161160.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016-1160"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Coconino County","otherGeospatial":"Coconino Plateau, Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -112,\n              35.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.5,\n              35.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Center Director<br>USGS Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>Box 25046, MS 973<br>Denver, CO 80225</p><p><a href=\"http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/\">http://minerals.cr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Sample Collection</li><li>Summary of Results</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Geochemical Analyses of Soils Collected on the Surface of the Coconino Plateau Grand Canyon Region, Northern Arizona</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57dbb81ce4b090824ffd106b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176448,"text":"ofr20161159 - 2016 - Water temperature effects from simulated dam operations and structures in the Middle Fork Willamette River, western Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T08:09:53","indexId":"ofr20161159","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1159","title":"Water temperature effects from simulated dam operations and structures in the Middle Fork Willamette River, western Oregon","docAbstract":"<h1>Significant Findings</h1><p>Streamflow and water temperature in the Middle Fork Willamette River (MFWR), western Oregon, have been regulated and altered since the construction of Lookout Point, Dexter, and Hills Creek Dams in 1954 and 1961, respectively. Each year, summer releases from the dams typically are cooler than pre-dam conditions, with the reverse (warmer than pre-dam conditions) occurring in autumn. This pattern has been detrimental to habitat of endangered Upper Willamette River (UWR) Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>) and UWR winter steelhead (<i>O. mykiss</i>) throughout multiple life stages. In this study, scenarios testing different dam-operation strategies and hypothetical dam-outlet structures were simulated using CE-QUAL-W2 hydrodynamic/temperature models of the MFWR system from Hills Creek Lake (HCR) to Lookout Point (LOP) and Dexter (DEX) Lakes to explore and understand the efficacy of potential flow and temperature mitigation options.</p><p>Model scenarios were run in constructed wet, normal, and dry hydrologic calendar years, and designed to minimize the effects of Hills Creek and Lookout Point Dams on river temperature by prioritizing warmer lake surface releases in May–August and cooler, deep releases in September–December. Operational scenarios consisted of a range of modified release rate rules, relaxation of power-generation constraints, variations in the timing of refill and drawdown, and maintenance of different summer maximum lake levels at HCR and LOP. Structural scenarios included various combinations of hypothetical floating outlets near the lake surface and hypothetical new outlets at depth. Scenario results were compared to scenarios using existing operational rules that give temperature management some priority (<i>Base</i>), scenarios using pre-2012 operational rules that prioritized power generation over temperature management (<i>NoBlend</i>), and estimated temperatures from a without-dams condition (<i>WoDams</i>).</p><p>Results of the tested model scenarios led to the following conclusions:</p><ul><li>The existing outlets at Lookout Point Dam, because of the range of depths, allow for greater temperature control than the two existing outlets at Hills Creek Dam that are relatively deep.</li><li>Temperature control at HCR through operational scenarios generally was minimal near Hills Creek Dam, but improved downstream toward the head of LOP when decreased release rates held HCR at a low lake elevation year-round.</li><li>Inflows from unregulated streams between HCR and LOP helped to dilute the effects of HCR and achieve more natural stream temperatures before the MFWR entered LOP.</li><li>The relative benefit of any particular scenario depended on the location in the MFWR system used to assess the potential change, with most scenarios involving changes to Hills Creek Dam being less effective with increasing downstream distance, such as downstream of DEX.</li><li>To achieve as much temperature control as the most successful structural scenarios, which were able to resemble without-dam conditions for part of the year, most operational scenarios had to be free of any power-generation requirements at Lookout Point Dam.</li><li>Downstream of DEX, scenarios incorporating a hypothetical floating outlet at either HCR or LOP resulted in similar temperatures, with both scenarios causing a delay in the estimated spring Chinook egg emergence by about 9–10 days compared to base-case temperature-management scenarios.</li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161159","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Buccola, N.L., Turner, D.F., and Rounds, S.A., 2016, Water temperature effects from simulated dam operations and structures in the Middle Fork Willamette River, western Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1159, 39 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161159.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-073939","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328648,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1159/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1159/ofr20161159.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1159"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.37646484374999,\n              43.58635949637695\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37646484374999,\n              44.146739625584985\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00042724609374,\n              44.146739625584985\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.00042724609374,\n              43.58635949637695\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.37646484374999,\n              43.58635949637695\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Oregon Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 2130 SW 5th Avenue<br> Portland, Oregon 97201<br> <a href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\">http://or.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Significant Findings</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Study Area</li><li>Methods and Data</li><li>Results and Discussion</li><li>Estimated Emergence Days</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Supplemental Materials</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix A</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da66a8e4b090824ffb1650","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":4295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Daniel F.","contributorId":174622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176418,"text":"ofr20161158 - 2016 - Behavior and movements of adult spring Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) in the Chehalis River Basin, southwestern Washington, 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-15T08:29:31","indexId":"ofr20161158","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1158","title":"Behavior and movements of adult spring Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) in the Chehalis River Basin, southwestern Washington, 2015","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">Recent interest in flood control and restoration strategies in the Chehalis River Basin has increased the need to understand the current status and ecology of spring Chinook salmon. Based on the extended period between freshwater entry and spawn timing, spring Chinook salmon have the longest exposure of all adult Chinook salmon life histories to the low-flow and high water temperature conditions that typically occur during summer. About 100 adult spring Chinook salmon were found dead in the Chehalis River in July and August 2009. Adult Chinook salmon are known to hold in cool-water refugia during warm summer months, but the extent to which spring Chinook salmon might use thermal refugia in the Chehalis River is unknown. The movements and temperature exposures of adult spring Chinook salmon following their return to the Chehalis River were investigated using radiotelemetry and transmitters equipped with temperature sensors, combined with water temperature monitoring throughout the basin. A total of 23 spring Chinook salmon were radio-tagged between April and early July 2015; 11 were captured and released in the main-stem Chehalis River, and 12 were captured and released in the South Fork Newaukum River. Tagged fish were monitored with a combination of fixed-site monitoring locations and regular mobile tracking, from freshwater entry through the spawning period.</p><p class=\"p1\">Water temperature and flow conditions in the main-stem Chehalis River during 2015 were atypical compared to historical averages. Mean monthly water temperatures between March and July 2015 were higher than any decade since 1960 and mean daily flows were 30–70 percent of the flows in previous years. Overall, 96 percent of the tagged fish were detected, with a mean of 62 d in the detection history of tagged fish. Of the 11 fish released in the main-stem Chehalis River, six fish (55 percent) moved upstream, either shortly after release (2–7 d, 50 percent), or following a short delay (12–18 d, 50 percent). One fish released in the main-stem Chehalis River remained near the release location for 64 d before moving upstream.</p><p class=\"p1\">The final fates for the seven fish that moved upstream in the main-stem Chehalis River included two fish with unknown fates, two fish with a fate of pre-spawn mortality, and three fish that were assigned a fate of spawner. Four (36 percent) of the radio-tagged Chinook salmon released in the main-stem Chehalis River showed limited movement from their release sites, and were assigned fates of unknown (one fish), pre-spawn mortality (one fish), and spit/mortality (2 fish). The 12 spring Chinook salmon released in the South Fork Newaukum River remained in the South Fork Newaukum River throughout the study period. Five (42 percent) of these fish were actively moving through the spawning period and were assigned a fate of spawner. Seven (58 percent) of these fish were detected for a period following release, but their detection histories ended prior to the spawning period. The fates assigned to these seven fish included two fish with spit/mortality fates and five fish with fates of pre-spawn mortality. Tagged fish in both the Chehalis River and the South Fork Newaukum River showed limited movements during the peak water temperatures in July and August, and were not frequently detected at sites where water temperatures were greater than <span class=\"s1\">21 °C. </span>Pre-spawn mortality due to predation or harvest may be an important factor in the Chehalis River Basin as it was the assigned fate for 27 percent of the fish released in the main-stem Chehalis River and 42 percent of the fish released in the South Fork Newaukum River.</p><p class=\"p1\">This study represents a substantial contribution to the understanding of spring Chinook salmon in the Chehalis River Basin. The water temperatures and flow conditions during the 2015 study period were not typical of the historical conditions in the basin and the numbers of tagged fish monitored was relatively low, so results should be interpreted with those cautions in mind.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Liedtke, T.L., Zimmerman, M.S., Tomka, R.G., Holt, Curt, and Jennings, Lyle, 2016, Behavior and movements of adult spring Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) in the Chehalis River Basin, southwestern Washington, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016-1158, 57 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161158.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-076409","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328667,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1158/ofr20161158.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1158"},{"id":328666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1158/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Chehalis River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.837890625,\n              46.38293856752681\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.837890625,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52227783203125,\n              46.965259400349275\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.52227783203125,\n              46.38293856752681\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.837890625,\n              46.38293856752681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, Western Fisheries Research Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 6505 NE 65th Street<br> Seattle, Washington 98115<br> <a href=\"http://wfrc.usgs.gov/\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://wfrc.usgs.gov/\">http://wfrc.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Methods<br></li><li>Results<br></li><li>Discussion<br></li><li>Acknowledgments<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix A. Controlled Tests of Transmitter Temperature Sensor Performance<br></li><li>Appendix B. Summary of Water Temperatures in the Chehalis River Basin during Summer 2015<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da66a1e4b090824ffb1644","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Mara S.","contributorId":152687,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Mara","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13269,"text":"Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomka, Ryan G. 0000-0003-1078-6089 rtomka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-6089","contributorId":3706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomka","given":"Ryan","email":"rtomka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Holt, Curt","contributorId":174597,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holt","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jennings, Lyle","contributorId":174598,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jennings","given":"Lyle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12438,"text":"Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176392,"text":"ofr20161155 - 2016 - Gravity change from 2014 to 2015, Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-03T16:18:23","indexId":"ofr20161155","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1155","title":"Gravity change from 2014 to 2015, Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Relative-gravity data and absolute-gravity data were collected at 68 stations in the Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona, in May–June 2015 for the purpose of estimating aquifer-storage change. Similar data from 2014 and a description of the survey network were published in U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1086. Data collection and network adjustment results are presented in this report, which is accompanied by a supporting Web Data Release (<a href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XHX\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XHX\">http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XHX</a>). Station positions are presented from a Global Positioning System campaign to determine station elevation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with The Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, J.R., 2016, Gravity change from 2014 to 2015, Sierra Vista Subwatershed, Upper San Pedro Basin, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1155, 15 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161155.","productDescription":"Report: v, 15 p.; Datasets","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-074089","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1155/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328553,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1155/ofr20161155_SanPedroGravity2014-2015_AbsoluteGravity.txt","text":"Absolute gravity","size":"237 bytes","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1155 Absolute gravity"},{"id":328552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1155/ofr20161155.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1155"},{"id":328554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1155/ofr20161155_SanPedroGravity2014-2015_AdjustedGravity.csv","text":"Adjusted gravity","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2016-1155 Adjusted gravity"},{"id":328756,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7SQ8XHX","text":"GIS Data","description":"OFR 2016-1155 GIS Data"},{"id":328555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1155/ofr20161155_SanPedroGravity2014-2015_RelativeGravity.txt","text":"Relative gravity","size":"12 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1155 Relative gravity"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro Basin, Sierra Vista Subwatershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.33912658691406,\n              31.439794704219466\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.33912658691406,\n              31.633506308954388\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.09880065917969,\n              31.633506308954388\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.09880065917969,\n              31.439794704219466\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.33912658691406,\n              31.439794704219466\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_az@usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_az@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Arizona Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 520 N. Park Avenue<br> Tucson, AZ 85719<br> <a href=\"http://az.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://az.water.usgs.gov/\">http://az.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Gravity Data<br></li><li>Global Positioning System Data<br></li><li>Network Adjustment<br></li><li>Gravity and Storage Change from 2014 to 2015<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix 1. Data Files<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d91527e4b090824ff9fa34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70175951,"text":"ofr20161140 - 2016 - Examination of flood characteristics at selected streamgages in the Meramec River Basin, eastern Missouri, December 2015–January 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-14T10:32:53","indexId":"ofr20161140","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1140","title":"Examination of flood characteristics at selected streamgages in the Meramec River Basin, eastern Missouri, December 2015–January 2016","docAbstract":"<h1>Overview</h1><p>Heavy rainfall resulted in major flooding in the Meramec River Basin in eastern Missouri during late December 2015 through early January 2016. Cumulative rainfall from December 14 to 29, 2015, ranged from 7.6 to 12.3 inches at selected precipitation stations in the basin with flooding driven by the heaviest precipitation (3.9–9.7 inches) between December 27 and 29, 2015. Financial losses from flooding included damage to homes and other structures, damage to roads, and debris removal. Eight of 11 counties in the basin were declared a Federal Disaster Area.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and St. Louis Metropolitan Sewer District, operates multiple streamgages along the Meramec River and its primary tributaries including the Bourbeuse River and Big River. The period of record for streamflow at streamgages in the basin included in this report ranges from 24 to 102 years. Instrumentation in a streamgage shelter automatically makes observations of stage using a variety of methods (submersible pressure transducer, non-submersible pressure transducer, or non-contact radar). These observations are recorded autonomously at a predetermined programmed frequency (typically either 15 or 30 minutes) dependent on drainage-area size and concomitant flashiness of the stream. Although stage data are important, streamflow data are equally or more important for streamflow forecasting, water-quality constituent loads computation, flood-frequency analysis, and flood mitigation planning. Streamflows are computed from recorded stage data using an empirically determined relation between stage and streamflow termed a “rating.” Development and verification of the rating requires periodic onsite discrete measurements of streamflow throughout time and over the range of stages to define local hydraulic conditions.</p><p>The purpose of this report is to examine characteristics of flooding that occurred in the Meramec River Basin in December 2015–January 2016 including peak stages, peak streamflows, and the flood-frequency statistics associated with the peak flows. A comparison between the December 2015–January 2016 flood and a similar flood in December 1982 in the Meramec River Basin also is included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161140","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R.R., Jr., Koenig, T.A., Rydlund, P.H., and Heimann, D.C., 2016, Examination of flood characteristics at selected streamgages in the Meramec River Basin, Eastern Missouri, December 2015–January 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1140, 7 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161140.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p., Tables: 1-3","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077164","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1140/ofr20161140.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.34 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016–1140"},{"id":328621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1140/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328623,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1140/ofr20161140_tables1-3.xlsx","text":"Tables 1–3","size":"333 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"OFR 2016–1140 Tables"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Meramec River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.900634765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.900634765625,\n              38.18638677411551\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2911376953125,\n              38.18638677411551\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.2911376953125,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.900634765625,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Chief, Office of Surface Water<br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>415 National Center <br>12201 Sunrise Valley Drive <br>Reston, VA 20192</p><p><a href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/\" data-mce-href=\"http://water.usgs.gov/osw/\">http://water.usgs.gov/osw/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Overview<br></li><li>Characteristics of December 2015–January 2016 Flooding in the Meramec&nbsp;River Basin<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d91521e4b090824ff9fa2c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999 bholmes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":1624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"bholmes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":646675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koenig, Todd A. 0000-0001-5635-0219 tkoenig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5635-0219","contributorId":4463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koenig","given":"Todd","email":"tkoenig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rydlund, Paul H. Jr. 0000-0001-9461-9944 prydlund@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-9944","contributorId":3840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rydlund","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"prydlund@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70174860,"text":"ofr20161113 - 2016 - Altered hydrologic and geomorphic processes and bottomland hardwood plant communities of the lower White River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T16:59:29","indexId":"ofr20161113","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-12T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1113","title":"Altered hydrologic and geomorphic processes and bottomland hardwood plant communities of the lower White River Basin","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1>\n<p>The work explained in this report was conducted to assess geomorphic adjustment of the lower White River, Arkansas, to hydrologic modifications and establish forest age and community structure within selected communities within the floodplain. Also, the HEC&ndash;GeoRAS model was evaluated for predicting flood depth and duration within the floodplain. Hydrologic modeling using HEC&ndash;GeoRAS is a common way to model flooding in a floodplain. A parameterized model exists for the White River, Arkansas, based on observed flows at gauges, but its ability to reproduce current and future hydrological conditions throughout the floodplain has not been quantified. The objectives of this work are to&mdash;</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Identify current and historical rates of bank erosion and channel migration. &nbsp;</li>\n<li>Determine bank heights and channel incision along the river from Norrell lock to DeValls Bluff.</li>\n<li>Determine sedimentation rates along three sections of the floodplain (as in the Clarendon area, near St. Charles, and near Jacks Bay).</li>\n<li>Evaluate the accuracy of the HEC&ndash;GeoRAS model in predicting water depths in the floodplain.</li>\n<li>Determine stand establishment patterns of bottomland hardwoods within selected plant communities along three sections of the floodplain.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>This study provides baseline information on the current geomorphic and hydrologic conditions of the river and can assist in the interpretation of forest responses to past hydrologic and geomorphic processes. Understanding the implications for floodplain forests of geomorphic adjustment in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley is key to managing the region&rsquo;s valuable resources for a sustainable future.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161113","usgsCitation":"King, S.L., Keim, R.F., Hupp, C.R., Edwards, B.L., Kroschel, W.A., Johnson, E.L., and Cochran, J.W., 2016, Altered hydrologic and geomorphic processes and bottomland hardwood plant communities of the lower White River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1113, 32 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161113. ","productDescription":"v, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-073365","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328275,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1113/ofr20161113.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.44 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1113"},{"id":328274,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1113/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Lower White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.461181640625,\n              34.01851844336969\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.461181640625,\n              34.856636719051735\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9613037109375,\n              34.856636719051735\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.9613037109375,\n              34.01851844336969\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.461181640625,\n              34.01851844336969\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_la@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_la@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Louisiana Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br>3535 South Sherwood Forest Blvd.<br> Suite 120<br> Baton Rouge, LA 70816<br> <a href=\"http://la.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://la.water.usgs.gov/\">http://la.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>1. Introduction&nbsp;</li>\n<li>2. Geomorphic Analyses</li>\n<li>3. Accuracy of the HEC-GeoRAS model in predicting water depths in the floodplain&nbsp;</li>\n<li>4. Stand establishment patterns of bottomland hardwoods within selected plant communities</li>\n<li>5. Project Summary and Management Recommendations&nbsp;</li>\n<li>6. 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,{"id":70176246,"text":"ofr20161150 - 2016 - Marine magnetic survey and onshore gravity and magnetic survey, San Pablo Bay, northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-21T16:41:13.609605","indexId":"ofr20161150","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1150","title":"Marine magnetic survey and onshore gravity and magnetic survey, San Pablo Bay, northern California","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>From November 2011 to August 2015, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected more than 1,000 line-kilometers (length of lines surveyed in kilometers) of marine magnetic data on San Pablo Bay, 98 onshore gravity stations, and over 27 line-kilometers of ground magnetic data in northern California. Combined magnetic and gravity investigations were undertaken to study subsurface geologic structures as an aid in understanding the geologic framework and earthquake hazard potential in the San Francisco Bay Area. Furthermore, marine magnetic data illuminate local subsurface geologic features in the shallow crust beneath San Pablo Bay where geologic exposure is absent.</p><p>Magnetic and gravity methods, which reflect contrasting physical properties of the subsurface, are ideal for studying San Pablo Bay. Exposed rock units surrounding San Pablo Bay consist mainly of Jurassic Coast Range ophiolite, Great Valley sequence, Franciscan Complex rocks, Miocene sedimentary rocks, and unconsolidated alluvium (Graymer and others, 2006). The contrasting magnetic and density properties of these rocks enable us to map their subsurface extent.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161150","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Denton, K.M., and Watt, J.T., 2016, Marine magnetic survey and onshore gravity and magnetic survey, San Pablo Bay, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1150, 14 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161150.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 14 p.; 3 Tables; Metadata","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077167","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328401,"rank":7,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/metadata_magnetic.txt","text":"Magnetic","size":"7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1150 Magnetic Metadata"},{"id":328400,"rank":6,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/metadata_gravity.txt","text":"Gravity","size":"7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1150 Gravity Metadata"},{"id":328397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/ofr20161150_table1.csv","text":"Table 1","size":"69.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2016-1150 Table 1"},{"id":328398,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/ofr20161150_table2.csv","text":"Table 2","size":"796 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2016-1150 Table 2"},{"id":328399,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/ofr20161150_table4.csv","text":"Table 4","size":"19 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2016-1150 Table 4"},{"id":328396,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/ofr20161150.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1150"},{"id":328395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1150/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Pablo Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.48245239257812,\n              37.966395462637834\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48245239257812,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28332519531249,\n              38.134556577054134\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.28332519531249,\n              37.966395462637834\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.48245239257812,\n              37.966395462637834\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/staff.htm\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/gmeg/staff.htm\">Contact Information</a>, Geology, Minerals, Energy, &amp; Geophysics Science Center—Menlo Park, California<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 345 Middlefield Road<br> Menlo Park, CA 94025-3591<br> <a href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/\">http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Magnetic Data<br></li><li>Gravity Data<br></li><li>Discussion<br></li><li>Acknowledgments<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d7c39be4b090824ff8b8ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denton, Kevin M. 0000-0001-9604-4021 kmdenton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9604-4021","contributorId":5303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denton","given":"Kevin","email":"kmdenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Watt, Janet Tilden 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":1754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tilden","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":648065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70176268,"text":"ofr20161147 - 2016 - U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2016","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T09:58:51","indexId":"ofr20161147","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-09T15:30:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1147","title":"U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2016","docAbstract":"<p>Recent growth and development of renewable energy and unconventional oil and gas extraction are rapidly diversifying the energy supply of the United States. Yet, as our Nation works to advance energy security and conserve wildlife, some conflicts have surfaced. To address these challenges, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is conducting innovative research and developing workable solutions to reduce the impacts of energy production on wildlife. USGS scientists collaborate on many studies with scientists from other Federal, State, and local government agencies; Tribal nations; academic research institutions; and nongovernmental and private organizations.</p><p>The mix of fuels used for electricity generation is evolving. Solar, natural gas, and wind energy made up most electricity generation additions in 2015 and 2016. The United States now leads the world in natural gas production, with new record highs for each year from 2011 through 2015. More than 48,000 wind turbines now contribute to power grids in most States, providing about 5 percent of U.S. end-use electricity demand in an average year. The number of utility-scale solar-energy projects is growing rapidly with solar energy projected to contribute to the largest electricity generation addition in 2016.</p><p>A substantial number of large energy projects have been constructed on undeveloped public lands, and more are anticipated at an increasing rate, creating new stress to wildlife. Direct impacts include collisions with wind turbines and structures at solar facilities and loss of habitat which may negatively affect sensitive species. Recent estimates suggest 250,000 to 500,000 birds die each year at wind turbine facilities. Bat fatality rates at wind turbine facilities are less certain, but may average several hundred thousand per year throughout North America. Because new projects may be located in or near sensitive wildlife habitats, ecological science plays a key role in helping to guide project siting and operational decisions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161147","usgsCitation":"Khalil, Mona, ed., 2016, U.S. Geological Survey—Energy and Wildlife Research Annual Report for 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report<br> 2016–1147, 59 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161147.","productDescription":"59 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-077473","costCenters":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1147/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328435,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1147/ofr20161147.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.04 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States\"}}]}","contact":"<p>Energy and Wildlife Program<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Mail Stop 301<br> Reston, VA 20192<br> <a href=\"mailto:mkhalil@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:mkhalil@usgs.gov\">mkhalil@usgs.gov</a><br> <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/energy_wildlife\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/energy_wildlife\"> https://www.usgs.gov/ecosystems/<br>energy_wildlife</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Research to Understand Risks, Measure Impacts, and Inform Solutions</li><li>Guiding Strategy</li><li>List of Projects</li><li>Study Locations</li><li>Project Descriptions</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-09","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3cf25e4b0571647d15f63","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Khalil, Mona 0000-0002-6046-1293 mkhalil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6046-1293","contributorId":174228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khalil","given":"Mona","email":"mkhalil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648490,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176194,"text":"ofr20161146 - 2016 - Modeling water quality, temperature, and flow in Link River, south-central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T09:32:32","indexId":"ofr20161146","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1146","title":"Modeling water quality, temperature, and flow in Link River, south-central Oregon","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\">The 2.1-km (1.3-mi) Link River connects Upper Klamath Lake to the Klamath River in south-central Oregon. A CE-QUAL-W2 flow and water-quality model of Link River was developed to provide a connection between an existing model of the upper Klamath River and any existing or future models of Upper Klamath Lake. Water-quality sampling at six locations in Link River was done during 2013–15 to support model development and to provide a better understanding of instream biogeochemical processes. The short reach and high velocities in Link River resulted in fast travel times and limited water-quality transformations, except for dissolved oxygen. Reaeration through the reach, especially at the falls in Link River, was particularly important in moderating dissolved oxygen concentrations that at times entered the reach at Link River Dam with marked supersaturation or subsaturation. This reaeration resulted in concentrations closer to saturation downstream at the mouth of Link River.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20161146","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, A.B., and Rounds, S.A., 2016, Modeling water quality, temperature, and flow in Link River, south-central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1146, 31 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161146.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-075012","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328478,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1146/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":328479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1146/ofr20161146.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1146"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Link River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.80619239807129,\n              42.21510581314013\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.80619239807129,\n              42.23576221780897\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7815589904785,\n              42.23576221780897\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7815589904785,\n              42.21510581314013\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.80619239807129,\n              42.21510581314013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_or@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Oregon Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 2130 SW 5th Avenue<br> Portland, Oregon 97201<br> <a href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"http://or.water.usgs.gov\">http://or.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Introduction<br></li><li>Methods<br></li><li>Model Calibration and Results<br></li><li>Summary<br></li><li>Acknowledgments<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix A. Link River Synoptic Water Quality Sampling, 2013–15<br></li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-09-09","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3cf24e4b0571647d15f59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, Annett B. 0000-0001-7783-3906 annett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-3906","contributorId":79821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Annett B.","email":"annett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":647711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":647712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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