Groundwater quality in the 633-square-mile (1,639-square-kilometer) Northern Coast Ranges (NOCO) study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment Program. The study unit is composed of two study areas (Interior Basins and Coastal Basins) and is located in northern California in Napa, Sonoma, Lake, Colusa, Mendocino, Glenn, Humboldt, and Del Norte Counties. The GAMA-PBP is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the USGS and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
\nThe GAMA NOCO study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated (ambient) groundwater in the primary aquifer system within the study unit. The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected in 2009 by the USGS from 58 sites and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database. The primary aquifer system is defined by the perforation intervals of sites listed in the CDPH water-quality database for the NOCO study unit. Groundwater quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from the quality in the shallow or deep water-bearing zones.
\nThe first component of this study, the status assessment of the current quality of the groundwater resource, was performed by using data from samples analyzed for inorganic constituents (such as trace elements and major and minor ions), organic constituents (volatile organic compounds and pesticides and pesticide degradates), the special-interest constituent perchlorate, and microbial indicators. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifer system of the NOCO study unit, not the quality of treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.
\nRelative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or nonregulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than (>) 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark, and a relative-concentration less than or equal to (≤) 1.0 indicates a concentration less than or equal to a benchmark. Relative-concentrations of organic constituents and perchlorate were classified as “high” (relative-concentration >1.0), “moderate” (0.1 < relative-concentration ≤1.0), or “low” (relative-concentration ≤0.1). Relative-concentrations of inorganic constituents were classified as “high” (relative-concentration >1.0), “moderate” (0.5 < relative-concentration ≤1.0), or “low” (relative-concentration ≤0.5).
\nAquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric in the status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion was defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with a relative-concentration >1.0 for a particular constituent or class of constituents; the percentage is based on an aerial rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the percentage of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable in the NOCO study unit (within 90 percent confidence intervals).
\nInorganic constituents (one or more) with health-based benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 10.3 percent and at moderate relative-concentrations in 13.8 percent of the primary aquifer system. The high aquifer-scale proportion of inorganic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of boron (in 8.6 percent of the primary aquifer system), arsenic (in 3.4 percent), and barium (in 1.7 percent). Inorganic constituents with aesthetic-based benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 39.7 percent and at moderate relative-concentrations in 10.3 percent of the primary aquifer system. The constituents present at high relative-concentrations were iron (25.9 percent) and manganese (39.7 percent).
\nRelative-concentrations of organic constituents with health-based benchmarks (one or more) were high in 0.2 percent, moderate in 1.7 percent, and low in 39.7 percent of the primary aquifer system. Organic constituents were not detected in 58.4 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the 168 organic constituents analyzed, 11 constituents were detected. Two organic constituents had detection frequencies >10 percent: the trihalomethane chloroform and the herbicide simazine. For the 10 detected organic constituents that had health-based benchmarks, nearly all detections had low relative-concentrations. The special-interest constituent perchlorate was detected at moderate relative-concentrations in 1.7 percent and at low relative-concentrations in 22.4 percent of the primary aquifer system. Perchlorate was not detected in 75.9 percent of the primary aquifer system.
\nThe second component of this study, the understanding assessment, evaluated relations between constituent concentrations and values of selected potential explanatory factors to identify the factors potentially affecting the concentrations and occurrences of constituents found at high relative-concentrations or, for organic constituents, with detection frequencies >10 percent. The potential explanatory factors evaluated were land use (including density of septic tanks and leaking or formerly leaking underground fuel tanks), well construction (well depth and depth to the top of the perforated interval in the well), hydrologic conditions (aridity index, field water temperature, and distance to nearest hot spring and geothermal well), pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, study area, groundwater age distribution, and geochemical conditions.
\nHigh and moderate relative-concentrations of boron primarily occurred in the Interior Basins study area and may be attributed to groundwater interacting with hydrothermal systems. High and moderate relative-concentrations of boron were associated with elevated groundwater temperatures, groundwater chemistry characteristics similar to those of geothermal waters, and distance to known geothermal areas. Boron concentrations generally were higher where low dissolved oxygen concentrations or anoxic conditions exist. High and moderate relative-concentrations of arsenic predominantly occur in the Interior Basins study area under reducing conditions. Arsenic concentrations also may be influenced by hydrothermal systems (when present).
\nChloroform, simazine, and perchlorate were observed in the Interior Basins and Coastal Basins study areas, predominantly at shallow sites with top-of-perforation depths ≤70 feet below land surface, with modern water (post-1950s), and with oxic groundwater conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145215","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T.M., and Belitz, K., 2015, Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the Northern Coast Ranges study unit, 2009: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5215, x, 86 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145215.","productDescription":"x, 86 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-030141","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298170,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145215.jpg"},{"id":298169,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5215/pdf/sir2014-5215.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298148,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5215/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Colusa County, Del Norte County, Glenn County, Humboldt County, Lake County, Mendocino County, Napa County, Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Northern Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 38.66835610151509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f043afe4b02419550ce86c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113 tmathany@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":1713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy","email":"tmathany@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70116921,"text":"ofr20141109 - 2015 - GRIDGEN Version 1.0: a computer program for generating unstructured finite-volume grids","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T10:52:37","indexId":"ofr20141109","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1109","title":"GRIDGEN Version 1.0: a computer program for generating unstructured finite-volume grids","docAbstract":"GRIDGEN is a computer program for creating layered quadtree grids for use with numerical models, such as the MODFLOW–USG program for simulation of groundwater flow. The program begins by reading a three-dimensional base grid, which can have variable row and column widths and spatially variable cell top and bottom elevations. From this base grid, GRIDGEN will continuously divide into four any cell intersecting user-provided refinement features (points, lines, and polygons) until the desired level of refinement is reached. GRIDGEN will then smooth, or balance, the grid so that no two adjacent cells, including overlying and underlying cells, differ by more than a user-specified level tolerance. Once these gridding processes are completed, GRIDGEN saves a tree structure file so that the layered quadtree grid can be quickly reconstructed as needed. Once a tree structure file has been created, GRIDGEN can then be used to (1) export the layered quadtree grid as a shapefile, (2) export grid connectivity and cell information as ASCII text files for use with MODFLOW–USG or other numerical models, and (3) intersect the grid with shapefiles of points, lines, or polygons, and save intersection output as ASCII text files and shapefiles. The GRIDGEN program is demonstrated by creating a layered quadtree grid for the Biscayne aquifer in Miami-Dade County, Florida, using hydrologic features to control where refinement is added.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141109","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with George Mason University","usgsCitation":"Lien, J., Liu, G., and Langevin, C.D., 2015, GRIDGEN Version 1.0: a computer program for generating unstructured finite-volume grids: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1109, vi, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141109.","productDescription":"vi, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055584","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298168,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141109.jpg"},{"id":298166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1109/"},{"id":298167,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1109/pdf/ofr2014-1109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f043aae4b02419550ce862","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lien, Jyh-Ming","contributorId":139494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lien","given":"Jyh-Ming","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Gaisheng","contributorId":15158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Gaisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133291,"text":"fs20143114 - 2015 - Groundwater quality in the Northern Coast Ranges Basins, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T12:52:45","indexId":"fs20143114","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-26T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3114","title":"Groundwater quality in the Northern Coast Ranges Basins, California","docAbstract":"The Northern Coast Ranges (NOCO) study unit is 633 square miles and consists of 35 groundwater basins and subbasins (California Department of Water Resources, 2003; Mathany and Belitz, 2015). These basins and subbasins were grouped into two study areas based primarily on locality. The groundwater basins and subbasins located inland, not adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, were aggregated into the Interior Basins (NOCO-IN) study area. The groundwater basins and subbasins adjacent to the Pacific Ocean were aggregated into the Coastal Basins (NOCO-CO) study area (Mathany and others, 2011).
\nThe primary aquifer system in the NOCO-IN study area occurs in alluvial basins made up of sand, silt, gravel, clay, and thin volcanic ash layers or lenses. Groundwater movement in the NOCO-IN study area follows the topography and direction of surface-water features. In the NOCO-CO study area, groundwater is present in alluvial fan, floodplain, and terrace deposits. Groundwater movement in the NOCO-CO study area is from east to west towards the Pacific Ocean.
\nThe primary aquifer system in the study unit generally is defined as those parts of the aquifer system corresponding to the perforated intervals of sites listed in the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) database of public drinking-water supply sources. Well depths in the NOCO-IN study area ranged from 36 to 400 feet below land surface (ft bls), and depths to top-of-perforations ranged from 15 to 148 ft bls. In the NOCO-CO study area, well depths ranged from 15 to 400 ft bls, and depths to top-of-perforations ranged from 10 to 356 ft bls. Water quality in the primary aquifer system may differ from that in the shallower and deeper parts of the aquifer system.
\nAverage annual rainfall in the NOCO study unit ranges from 22 to 79 inches. In the NOCO-IN study area, the climate is classified as Mediterranean, with warm to hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. In the NOCO-CO study area, the climate is influenced by the Pacific Ocean and is characterized by cool to mild summers and cold, wet winters. The study unit is drained by several rivers and their principal tributaries: the Eel, Russian, Mad, Navarro, Smith, Klamath, Noyo, and Big Rivers.
\nLand use in the study unit is about 60 percent (%) natural (mostly grassland and forest), 29% agricultural, and 11% urban. The primary uses of agricultural lands are pasture, row crops, hay, vineyards, and timberlands. The largest urban areas are the cities of Crescent City, Arcata, Eureka, Fort Bragg, Willits, Ukiah, and Lakeport.
\nRecharge to the groundwater system is primarily from mixture of ambient sources, including direct percolation of precipitation and irrigation waters, infiltration of runoff from surrounding hills/areas, seepage from rivers and creeks, and subsurface inflow (from non-alluvial geologic units that bound the alluvial basins). The primary sources of discharge are evaporation, discharge to streams, and water pumped for municipal supply and irrigation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143114","collaboration":"U.S. Geological Survey and the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T.M., and Belitz, K., 2015, Groundwater quality in the Northern Coast Ranges Basins, California: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3114, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143114.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044056","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298165,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143114.JPG"},{"id":298163,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3114/pdf/fs2014-3114.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298164,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5215/","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5215","size":"1.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5215"},{"id":298147,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3114/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -121.79443359375,\n 38.66835610151509\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 38.66835610151509\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f043ace4b02419550ce864","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113 tmathany@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":1713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy","email":"tmathany@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141913,"text":"fs20153014 - 2015 - Maine StreamStats: a water-resources web application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T10:56:46","indexId":"fs20153014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-26T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3014","title":"Maine StreamStats: a water-resources web application","docAbstract":"Maine StreamStats is a tool that any user with Internet access can use to delineate a basin on the fly and estimate a wide variety of streamflow statistics for ungaged sites on rivers and streams in Maine. Estimates are based on regression equations or are from data from similar gaged locations on the stream. Maine StreamStats is based on a national StreamStats application that can be used for streamflow estimates in many other states across the country.
\nReports referenced in this fact sheet present the regression equations used to estimate the flow statistics, describe the errors associated with the estimates, and describe the methods used to develop the equations and to measure the basin characteristics used in the equations. Limitations of the methods are also described in the reports; for example, all of the equations are appropriate only for ungaged, unregulated, rural streams in Maine.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153014","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Maine Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Lombard, P., 2015, Maine StreamStats: a water-resources web application: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3014, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153014.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-063510","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153014.jpg"},{"id":298150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3014/pdf/fs2015-3014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"739 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298151,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://streamstats.usgs.gov/","text":"Maine StreamStats","linkHelpText":"a geographic information system-based Web application of the U.S. Geological Survey, is a tool for calculating basin characteristics and streamflow statistics for user-selected sites on streams in Maine."},{"id":298149,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3014/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -66.884765625,\n 43.068887774169625\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 43.068887774169625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f043aee4b02419550ce868","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lombard, Pamela J. plombard@usgs.gov","contributorId":871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Pamela J.","email":"plombard@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70141966,"text":"70141966 - 2015 - Wildlife, urban inputs, and landscape configuration are responsible for degraded swimming water quality at an embayed beach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-25T12:49:21","indexId":"70141966","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-25T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife, urban inputs, and landscape configuration are responsible for degraded swimming water quality at an embayed beach","docAbstract":"Jeorse Park Beach, on southern Lake Michigan, experiences frequent closures due to high Escherichia coli (E. coli) levels since regular monitoring was implemented in 2005. During the summer of 2010, contaminant source tracking techniques, such as the conventional microbial and physical surveys and hydrodynamic models, were used to determine the reasons for poor water quality at Jeorse Park. Fecal indicator bacteria (E. coli, enterococci) were high throughout the season, with densities ranging from 12–2419 (culturable E. coli) and 1–2550 and < 1–5831 (culturable and qPCR enterococci, respectively). Genetic markers for human (Bacteroides HF183) and gull (Catellicoccus marimammalium) fecal contamination were found in 15% and 37% of the samples indicating multiple sources contributing to poor water quality. Nesting colonies of double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) have steadily increased since 2005, coinciding with high E. colilevels. A hydrodynamic model indicated that limited circulation allows bacteria entering the embayed area to be retained in nearshore areas; and bacterial resuspension from sand and stranded beach wrack during storm events compounds the problem. The integration of hydrodynamics, expanded use of chemical and biological markers, as well as more complex statistical multivariate techniques can improve microbial source tracking, informing management actions to improve recreational water quality. Alterations to embayed structures to improve circulation and reduce nuisance algae as well as growing native plants to retain sand to improve beach morphometry are among some of the restoration strategies under consideration in ongoing multi-agency collaborations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.027","usgsCitation":"Byappanahalli, M.N., Nevers, M., Whitman, R.L., Ge, Z., Shively, D.A., Spoljaric, A., and Przybyla-Kelly, K., 2015, Wildlife, urban inputs, and landscape configuration are responsible for degraded swimming water quality at an embayed beach: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 1, p. 156-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.027.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"156","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056382","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.4563217163086,\n 41.631995715210444\n ],\n [\n -87.4563217163086,\n 41.6916296425077\n ],\n [\n -87.39160537719727,\n 41.6916296425077\n ],\n [\n -87.39160537719727,\n 41.631995715210444\n ],\n [\n -87.4563217163086,\n 41.631995715210444\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54eef22ae4b02d776a684b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N. byappan@usgs.gov","contributorId":139462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara","email":"byappan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nevers, Meredith 0000-0001-6963-6734 mnevers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-6734","contributorId":2013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nevers","given":"Meredith","email":"mnevers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ge, Zhongfu","contributorId":139463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ge","given":"Zhongfu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12773,"text":"American Bureau of Shipping, Corporate Marine Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shively, Dawn A. dshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":2051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Dawn","email":"dshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spoljaric, Ashley 0000-0001-6262-030X aspoljaric@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6262-030X","contributorId":139464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spoljaric","given":"Ashley","email":"aspoljaric@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Przybyla-Kelly, Katarzyna kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":3613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Przybyla-Kelly","given":"Katarzyna","email":"kprzybyla-kelly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70141967,"text":"70141967 - 2015 - The Landscape Evolution Observatory: a large-scale controllable infrastructure to study coupled Earth-surface processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T15:24:19","indexId":"70141967","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-25T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Landscape Evolution Observatory: a large-scale controllable infrastructure to study coupled Earth-surface processes","docAbstract":"Zero-order drainage basins, and their constituent hillslopes, are the fundamental geomorphic unit comprising much of Earth's uplands. The convergent topography of these landscapes generates spatially variable substrate and moisture content, facilitating biological diversity and influencing how the landscape filters precipitation and sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. In light of these significant ecosystem services, refining our understanding of how these functions are affected by landscape evolution, weather variability, and long-term climate change is imperative. In this paper we introduce the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO): a large-scale controllable infrastructure consisting of three replicated artificial landscapes (each 330 m2 surface area) within the climate-controlled Biosphere 2 facility in Arizona, USA. At LEO, experimental manipulation of rainfall, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed are possible at unprecedented scale. The Landscape Evolution Observatory was designed as a community resource to advance understanding of how topography, physical and chemical properties of soil, and biological communities coevolve, and how this coevolution affects water, carbon, and energy cycles at multiple spatial scales. With well-defined boundary conditions and an extensive network of sensors and samplers, LEO enables an iterative scientific approach that includes numerical model development and virtual experimentation, physical experimentation, data analysis, and model refinement. We plan to engage the broader scientific community through public dissemination of data from LEO, collaborative experimental design, and community-based model development.
","conferenceTitle":"46th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 18-20, 2015","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.020","usgsCitation":"Pangle, L.A., DeLong, S.B., Abramson, N., Adams, J., Barron-Gafford, G.A., Breshears, D.D., Brooks, P.D., Chorover, J., Dietrich, W., Dontsova, K., Durcik, M., Espeleta, J., Ferre, T., Ferriere, R., Henderson, W., Hunt, E.A., Huxman, T.E., Millar, D., Murphy, B., Niu, G., Pavao-Zuckerman, M., Pelletier, J.D., Rasmussen, C., Ruiz, J., Saleska, S., Schaap, M., Sibayan, M., Troch, P.A., Tuller, M., van Haren, J., and Zeng, X., 2015, The Landscape Evolution Observatory: a large-scale controllable infrastructure to study coupled Earth-surface processes: Geomorphology, v. 244, p. 190-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.020.","productDescription":"14 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D.","contributorId":22657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Rasmussen, Craig","contributorId":139483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23},{"text":"Ruiz, Joaquin","contributorId":87967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Joaquin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Saleska, 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Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Tuller, Markus","contributorId":139488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuller","given":"Markus","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"van Haren, Joost","contributorId":139489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Haren","given":"Joost","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30},{"text":"Zeng, Xubin","contributorId":139490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeng","given":"Xubin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":31}]}} ,{"id":70141845,"text":"sir20145241 - 2015 - Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation area, South Dakota, water years 1980-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:05:15","indexId":"sir20145241","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-23T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5241","title":"Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation area, South Dakota, water years 1980-2009","docAbstract":"The Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers are the largest sources of groundwater on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and are used extensively for irrigation and public and domestic water supplies. To assess the potential for decreased water levels and discharge to streams in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers in southwestern South Dakota were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Oglala Sioux Tribe. The study area includes most of the Pine Ridge Reservation in Jackson and Shannon Counties and Indian trust lands in Bennett County in southwestern South Dakota.
\nThe High Plains aquifer, which includes the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, generally is less developed in South Dakota compared with other areas underlain by this aquifer; therefore, water levels in the High Plains aquifer in South Dakota generally fluctuated by less than 5 feet (ft) from 1980 to 1999. Despite minimal water-level changes in the High Plains aquifer in South Dakota, extensive withdrawals of groundwater for irrigation have caused water-level declines in many areas and increased concerns about the long-term sustainability of the aquifer; therefore, continued or increased withdrawals from the aquifer or prolonged drought may have the potential to affect water levels within the aquifer and discharge to important streams in the area.
\nThe Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers generally consist of poorly consolidated claystones, siltstones, sandstones, and shale deposited in fluvial and lacustrine environments. Saturated thicknesses ranged from 10 to 314 ft for the Ogllala aquifer and from 10 to 862 ft for the Arikaree aquifer. Previous hydraulic conductivity estimates ranged from less than 1 to 180 feet per day (ft/d) for the Ogallala aquifer and from less than 1 to 13 ft/d for the Arikaree aquifer.
\nRecharge to the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers is from precipitation on the outcrop areas, and discharge occurs through evapotranspiration, discharge to streams, and well withdrawals. Evapotranspiration generally occurs in topographically low areas along streams, and maximum evapotranspiration occurs when the water level is at the land surface.
\nThe generalized groundwater-flow direction is to the northeast with local flow towards streams. Precipitation for water years 1980–2009 ranged from about 11 to 39 inches per year (in/yr) and averaged about 19 in/yr. Estimated mean recharge for water years 1980–2009 was about 17.3 percent of precipitation for the Ogallala aquifer and 7.9 percent of precipitation for the Arikaree aquifer. The estimated mean maximum evapotranspiration for water years 1980–2009 was about 35 in/yr. Estimated mean base flow for gaged streams was about 0.06 cubic foot per second (ft3/s) per square mile of drainage area. Estimated mean total water use for water years 1980–2009 was 5.4 ft3/s from the Ogallala aquifer and 7.1 ft3/s from the Arikaree aquifer.
\nA two-layer numerical groundwater-flow model was constructed using MODFLOW–NWT with a uniformly spaced grid consisting of 166 rows and 288 columns with cells 1,640 ft on a side. The numerical model of the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers was used to simulate steady-state and transient conditions for water years 1980–2009. Model calibration was accomplished using the Parameter ESTimation (PEST) program that adjusted individual model input parameters and assessed the difference between estimated and model-simulated values of hydraulic head and base flow. Aquifer boundaries were no-flow on the northern and western sides and constant-head on the southern and eastern sides. The mean arithmetic difference was 1.4 ft between the 731 simulated and observed hydraulic heads in the Ogallala aquifer and 9.8 ft between the 2,754 simulated and observed hydraulic heads in the Arikaree aquifer. Simulated mean discharge from the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers to selected stream reaches was 92.1 ft3/s compared to estimated discharge of 88.7 ft3/s.
\nCalibrated recharge for the transient simulation averaged 3.3 in/yr for the Ogallala aquifer and 1.1 in/yr for the Arikaree aquifer. The mean maximum potential evapotranspiration rate was 35.4 in/yr. Streambed conductance for perennial stream reaches averaged 530 feet squared per day. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity averaged 27 ft/d for the Ogallala aquifer and 1.0 ft/d for the Arikaree aquifer. The vertical hydraulic conductivity averaged 1.4 ft/d for the Ogallala aquifer and 0.004 ft/d for the Arikaree aquifer. Specific yield for the Ogallala aquifer was 0.15 (dimensionless) and averaged 0.02 for the Arikaree aquifer. Specific storage for the Arikaree aquifer was 1.7x10-6 per foot. Simulated steady-state model inflow and outflow was 459 ft3/s. The percentages of inflows were 17 percent from constant-head boundaries, 9 percent from streams, and 74 percent from recharge. Percentages of outflow were 8 percent to constant-head boundaries, 1 percent to wells, 31 percent to streams, and 59 percent to evapotranspiration. Simulated net inflow from the Ogallala aquifer to the Arikaree aquifer ranged from about 22 ft3/s in dry years to about 37 ft3/s in wet years.
\nTwo hypothetical future stress scenarios were simulated using input from the 30-year calibrated simulation of water years 1980–2009. The first hypothetical scenario represented an increase in groundwater withdrawals from 50 hypothetical production wells completed in the Arikaree aquifer. At the end of the 30-year hypothetical increased pumping simulation, water levels declined as much as 66 ft in the Arikaree aquifer, decreased discharge to streams accounted for about 26 percent (2.6 ft3/s) of increased withdrawals, and decreased evapotranspiration accounted for about 53 (5.3 ft3/s) percent of increased withdrawals.
\nThe second hypothetical scenario represented a 30-year period of decreased recharge (drought) by decreasing recharge 0.2 inch (24 ft3/s) for each water year. At the end of the hypothetical drought simulation, water levels declined as much as 10.9 ft in the Arikaree aquifer, decreased discharge to streams accounted for about 23 percent (5.5 ft3/s) of decreased recharge, and decreased evapotranspiration accounted for about 72 percent (17.3 ft3/s) of decreased recharge.
\nThe numerical model is a tool that could be used to better understand the flow system of the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, to approximate hydraulic heads in the aquifer, and to estimate discharge to rivers, springs, and seeps in the Pine Ridge Reservation area in Bennett, Jackson, and Shannon Counties. The model also is useful to help assess the response of the aquifer to additional stress, including potential increased well withdrawals and potential drought conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145241","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oglala Sioux Tribe","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.W., Putnam, L.D., and LaBelle, A.R., 2015, Conceptual and numerical models of groundwater flow in the Ogallala and Arikaree aquifers, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation area, South Dakota, water years 1980-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5241, x, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145241.","productDescription":"x, 68 p.","numberOfPages":"82","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1979-10-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045449","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298106,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145241.jpg"},{"id":298103,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5241/pdf/sir2014-5241.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298101,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5241/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14","country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Arikaree Aquifer, Ogallala Aquifer, Pine Ridge Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 42.99862111927107\n ],\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 43.7294293330051\n ],\n [\n -101.19781494140625,\n 43.7294293330051\n ],\n [\n -101.19781494140625,\n 42.99862111927107\n ],\n [\n -102.98858642578125,\n 42.99862111927107\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec4f2de4b02d776a67da93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110 kyledavis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":3987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle","email":"kyledavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Putnam, Larry D. ldputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"Larry","email":"ldputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":541124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaBelle, Anneka R.","contributorId":139410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaBelle","given":"Anneka","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12443,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155505,"text":"70155505 - 2015 - A comparison of hydrologic models for ecological flows and water availability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-07T10:24:59","indexId":"70155505","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-23T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of hydrologic models for ecological flows and water availability","docAbstract":"Robust hydrologic models are needed to help manage water resources for healthy aquatic ecosystems and reliable water supplies for people, but there is a lack of comprehensive model comparison studies that quantify differences in streamflow predictions among model applications developed to answer management questions. We assessed differences in daily streamflow predictions by four fine-scale models and two regional-scale monthly time step models by comparing model fit statistics and bias in ecologically relevant flow statistics (ERFSs) at five sites in the Southeastern USA. Models were calibrated to different extents, including uncalibrated (level A), calibrated to a downstream site (level B), calibrated specifically for the site (level C) and calibrated for the site with adjusted precipitation and temperature inputs (level D). All models generally captured the magnitude and variability of observed streamflows at the five study sites, and increasing level of model calibration generally improved performance. All models had at least 1 of 14 ERFSs falling outside a +/−30% range of hydrologic uncertainty at every site, and ERFSs related to low flows were frequently over-predicted. Our results do not indicate that any specific hydrologic model is superior to the others evaluated at all sites and for all measures of model performance. Instead, we provide evidence that (1) model performance is as likely to be related to calibration strategy as it is to model structure and (2) simple, regional-scale models have comparable performance to the more complex, fine-scale models at a monthly time step.
","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons","publisherLocation":"Chichester, West Sussex, UK","doi":"10.1002/eco.1602","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, P.V., Kennen, J., Sun, G., Kiang, J.E., Butcher, J.B., Eddy, M.C., Hay, L.E., LaFontaine, J.H., Hain, E.F., Nelson, S.C., and McNulty, S., 2015, A comparison of hydrologic models for ecological flows and water availability: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 8, p. 1525-1546, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1602.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1525","endPage":"1546","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062207","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb2ee4b08400b1fdb6e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, Peter V","contributorId":145892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Ge","contributorId":145893,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Ge","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiang, Julie E. 0000-0003-0653-4225 jkiang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-4225","contributorId":2179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiang","given":"Julie","email":"jkiang@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - 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2015 - Analysis of historic agricultural irrigation data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service monitoring and evaluation for Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, and McElmo Creek Basin, western Colorado, 1985 to 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:13:09","indexId":"ofr20141261","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-23T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1261","title":"Analysis of historic agricultural irrigation data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service monitoring and evaluation for Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, and McElmo Creek Basin, western Colorado, 1985 to 2003","docAbstract":"The Natural Resources Conservation Service Monitoring and Evaluation for three salinity control units in western Colorado—Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison, and McElmo Creek—from 1985 to 2003 was a response to the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act, Public Law 93–320, July 24, 1974, and its amendments. The Natural Resources Conservation Service evaluated the effects on seasonal irrigation efficiency and deep percolation of irrigation water of various on-farm irrigation system improvements in the three salinity control units, and reported the results in a series of internal Natural Resources Conservation Service annual reports. Because of the large amount of effort and expense that went into the Natural Resources Conservation Service Monitoring and Evaluation and the importance of the data to help quantify the changes to deep percolation, the Natural Resources Conservation Service has determined that having the evaluation results made public through a characterization and analysis of the results by the U.S. Geological Survey could be of use to a wider audience of water managers and the general public.
\nIn 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum, began a study to evaluate the Natural Resources Conservation Service evaluation data to (1) document the methods of the evaluation, and (2) analyze and summarize the data collected during the evaluation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation and Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Forum","usgsCitation":"Mayo, J.W., 2015, Analysis of historic agricultural irrigation data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service monitoring and evaluation for Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, and McElmo Creek Basin, western Colorado, 1985 to 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1261, xii, 176 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141261.","productDescription":"xii, 176 p.","numberOfPages":"191","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1985-01-01","temporalEnd":"2003-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055814","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141261.jpg"},{"id":298081,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1261/"},{"id":298083,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1261/pdf/ofr2014-1261.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Grand Valley, Lower Gunnison Basin, McElmo Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 39.32579941789298\n ],\n [\n -107.2979736328125,\n 39.32579941789298\n ],\n [\n -107.2979736328125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -109.00634765625,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec4f29e4b02d776a67da91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mayo, John W. jwmayo@usgs.gov","contributorId":993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayo","given":"John","email":"jwmayo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140264,"text":"ofr20151013 - 2015 - Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:12:19","indexId":"ofr20151013","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-20T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1013","title":"Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011","docAbstract":"From March through October 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), conducted a study to determine the frequency of occurrence of pathogen gene markers and densities of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in 22 tributaries to the Great Lakes. This project was funded as part of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) and included sampling at 22 locations throughout 6 states that border the Great Lakes.
\nA total of 177 environmental samples were collected at USGS streamgaging stations during both normal-flow and high-flow conditions and were analyzed by the Michigan Bacteriological Research Laboratory at the USGS Water Science Center in Lansing, Michigan.
\nWater samples were analyzed for the presence of FIB concentrations (FIB; fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli [E. coli], and enterococci) by using membrane filtration and serial dilution methods. The resulting enrichments from standard culturing of the samples were then analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the occurrence of pathogen gene markers for Shigella species, Campylobacter jejuni and coli, Salmonellaspecies, and pathogenic E. coli, including Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","usgsCitation":"Brennan, A.K., Johnson, H., Totten, A.R., and Duris, J.W., 2015, Occurrence and distribution of fecal indicator bacteria and gene markers of pathogenic bacteria in Great Lakes tributaries, March-October 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1013, v, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151013.","productDescription":"v, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2011-03-01","temporalEnd":"2011-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-039000","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298071,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151013.jpg"},{"id":298069,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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historical streamflows for the St. Croix River at Stillwater, Minnesota (water years 1910-2011), and Prescott, Wisconsin (water years 1910-2007)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-19T15:39:45","indexId":"sir20145239","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-19T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5239","title":"Development of regression equations to revise estimates of historical streamflows for the St. Croix River at Stillwater, Minnesota (water years 1910-2011), and Prescott, Wisconsin (water years 1910-2007)","docAbstract":"A natural dam of glacial-era sediments at the confluence of the St. Croix and Mississippi Rivers forms Lake St. Croix, a riverine lake that comprises the lowest 25 miles of the St. Croix River. Historically, backwater effects from the Mississippi River prevented the use of traditional streamgages for collecting continuous streamflow data needed to calculate nutrient loads at the inlet to and outlet from Lake St. Croix at Stillwater, Minnesota and Prescott, Wisconsin, respectively. The development of index-velocity streamgages has enabled the measurement of continuous streamflow in backwater conditions using continuously measured velocities at the streamgage. Index-velocity streamgages were installed at Prescott, Wisconsin, and Stillwater, Minnesota, in 2007 and 2011, respectively.
\nContinuous daily mean streamflow data from the new index-velocity streamgages, long-term upstream streamgages, and tributary streamgages were used to (1) develop regression equations that improve estimates of historical streamflow at Stillwater and Prescott, (2) evaluate the accuracies of new and previous equations used to estimate historical streamflows, and (3) compute and evaluate revised estimates of historical streamflows for Stillwater for water years 1910–2011 and for Prescott for water years 1910–2007. The abilities of previous and newly developed regression equations to accurately estimate streamflows were evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values. The NSE values at Stillwater improved from 0.90 to 0.98, and the NSE values at Prescott improved from 0.77 to 0.94.
\nThe new regression equations were used to calculate revised estimates of historical streamflows for Stillwater and Prescott starting in 1910 and ending when index-velocity streamgages were installed. Monthly, annual, 30-year, and period of record statistics were examined between previous and revised estimates of historical streamflows. The abilities of the new regression equations to estimate historical streamflows were evaluated by using percent differences to compare new estimates of historical daily streamflows to discrete streamflow measurements made at Stillwater and Prescott before the installation of index-velocity streamgages. Although less variability was observed between estimated and measured streamflows at Stillwater compared to Prescott, the percent difference data indicated that the new estimates closely approximated measured streamflows at both locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145239","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the St. Croix Watershed Research Station","usgsCitation":"Ziegeweid, J.R., and Magdalene, S., 2015, Development of regression equations to revise estimates of historical streamflows for the St. Croix River at Stillwater, Minnesota (water years 1910-2011), and Prescott, Wisconsin (water years 1910-2007): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5239, Report: vi, 23 p.; 3 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145239.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; 3 Appendices","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1909-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-060060","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145239.jpg"},{"id":298056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5239/pdf/sir14-5239.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298055,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5239/"},{"id":298057,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5239/downloads/Appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"1.33 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2"},{"id":298058,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5239/downloads/Appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 3"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","city":"Prescott, Stillwater","otherGeospatial":"St. Croix River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.53759765625,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -93.53759765625,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 45.07352060670971\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 44.26093725039923\n ],\n [\n -93.53759765625,\n 44.26093725039923\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e70929e4b02d776a66a006","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ziegeweid, Jeffrey R. 0000-0001-7797-3044 jrziege@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-3044","contributorId":4166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ziegeweid","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jrziege@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magdalene, Suzanne","contributorId":138500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magdalene","given":"Suzanne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12429,"text":"Science Museum of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141501,"text":"70141501 - 2015 - Hydroecological condition and potential for aquaculture in lakes of the arid region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-19T09:59:50","indexId":"70141501","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydroecological condition and potential for aquaculture in lakes of the arid region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan","docAbstract":"With >400 small (<1 ha) lakes, the arid Khorezm Province in Uzbekistan may be well-suited for aquaculture production. Developing water resources to provide a local food supply could increase fish consumption while improving the rural economy. Hydroecological (biological and physical) and chemical characteristics (including legacy pesticides ΣDDT and ΣHCH) of four representative drainage lakes in Khorezm from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed for the lakes’ capability to support healthy fish populations. Lake characteristics were categorized as “optimal” (having little or no effect on growth and development), “tolerable” (corresponding to chronic or sub-lethal toxicity) and “lethal” (corresponding to acute toxicity). Results indicate that three lakes are likely well-suited for raising fish species, with water quality meeting World Bank aquaculture guidelines. However, the fourth lake often had salinity concentrations > optimal levels for local fish species. Pesticide concentrations in water of all four lakes were within tolerable aquaculture ranges. Although water ΣDDT concentrations were >optimal limits, results from chemical analysis of fish tissues and semi-permeable membrane devices indicated that study lake ΣDDT concentrations were not accumulating in fish or posing a human health threat. Land and water management to maintain adequate lake water quality are imperative for sustaining fish populations for human consumption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.012","usgsCitation":"Crootof, A., Mullabaev, N., Saito, L., Atwell, L., Rosen, M.R., Bekchonova, M., Ginatullina, E., Scott, J., Chandra, S., Nishonov, B., Lamers, J.P., and Fayzieva, D., 2015, Hydroecological condition and potential for aquaculture in lakes of the arid region of Khorezm, Uzbekistan: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 117, no. 1, p. 37-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.02.012.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044122","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Uzbekistan","state":"Khorezm","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": 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mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bekchonova, Marhabo","contributorId":139345,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekchonova","given":"Marhabo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12743,"text":"Urgench State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ginatullina, Elena","contributorId":139353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ginatullina","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12744,"text":"Institute of Water 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Soil Science and Plant Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing soluble phosphorus in dairy effluents through application of mine drainage residuals","docAbstract":"Three different dairy manure wastewater effluent samples were amended with mine drainage residuals (MDR) to evaluate the suitability of MDR for sequestration of phosphorus (P). Geochemical modeling of the manure wastewater compositions indicated that partially soluble P-bearing minerals including hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, and vivianite were all oversaturated in each of the manure wastewater samples. Initial MDR amendment test results indicated that these partially soluble P minerals suspended in the wastewater replenished P in the water phase as it was sorbed by the MDR samples. Further investigations revealed that the MDR samples were effective in decreasing soluble P when the amended manure was tested using the water-extractable P procedure. Under these conditions, up to 90 percent of the soluble P in the manure was converted to a sorbed, water-insoluble state. Water contamination and large-scale validation tests of the process were also conducted.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00103624.2014.998339","usgsCitation":"Sibrell, P.L., Penn, C.J., and Hedin, R.S., 2015, Reducing soluble phosphorus in dairy effluents through application of mine drainage residuals: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 46, no. 5, p. 545-563, https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2014.998339.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"563","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057556","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9c1e4b027f0aee3bb29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sibrell, Philip L. psibrell@usgs.gov","contributorId":2006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibrell","given":"Philip","email":"psibrell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Penn, Chad J.","contributorId":116060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penn","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":518980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedin, Robert S.","contributorId":118146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hedin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70139795,"text":"ds920 - 2015 - Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June and September 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T13:42:20","indexId":"ds920","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"920","title":"Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June and September 2014","docAbstract":"Previous investigations indicate that concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are substantial in groundwater beneath the 9-acre former landfill at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington. The U.S. Geological Survey has continued to monitor groundwater geochemistry to ensure that conditions remain favorable for contaminant biodegradation at the site. This report presents groundwater geochemical and selected CVOC data collected at Operable Unit 1 by the U.S. Geological Survey during June 23–25 and September 4, 2014, in support of long-term monitoring for natural attenuation. Groundwater samples were collected from 13 wells and 9 piezometers, as well as from 10 shallow groundwater passive-diffusion sampling sites in the nearby marsh. Samples from all wells and piezometers were analyzed for oxidation-reduction (redox) sensitive constituents and dissolved gases. Samples from all piezometers and four wells also were analyzed for CVOCs, as were all samples from the passive-diffusion sampling sites. In 2014, concentrations of redox-sensitive constituents measured at all wells and piezometers were consistent with those measured in previous years, with dissolved oxygen concentrations all less than 1 milligram per liter; little to no detectable nitrate; abundant dissolved manganese, iron, and methane; and commonly detected sulfide. In the upper aquifer of the northern plantation in 2014, CVOC concentrations at all piezometers were similar to those measured in previous years, and concentrations of the reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene were slightly lower or the same as concentrations measured in 2013. In the upper aquifer of the southern plantation, CVOC concentrations measured in piezometers during 2014 continued to be variable as in previous years, often high, and reductive dechlorination byproducts were detected in one of the three wells and in all but two piezometers. Beneath the marsh adjacent to the southern plantation, chloroethene concentrations measured in 2014 continued to vary spatially and temporally, and were high. Trends for total CVOC concentration continued to increase at the historically most contaminated passive‑diffusion sampler sites (S-4, S-4B, and S-5). For the intermediate aquifer in 2014, concentrations of reductive dechlorination byproducts ethane and ethene and CVOCs were consistent with those measured in previous years.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds920","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Northwest","usgsCitation":"Huffman, R.L., 2015, Groundwater geochemical and selected volatile organic compound data, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, June and September 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 920, iv, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds920.","productDescription":"iv, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062663","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds920.jpg"},{"id":298033,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0920/pdf/ds920.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298030,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0920/"}],"projection":"Washington State Plane, North Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.63437271118164,\n 47.689312506350575\n ],\n [\n -122.63437271118164,\n 47.706527200903395\n ],\n [\n -122.61308670043945,\n 47.706527200903395\n ],\n [\n -122.61308670043945,\n 47.689312506350575\n ],\n [\n -122.63437271118164,\n 47.689312506350575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7b3e4b02d776a669ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huffman, Raegan L. 0000-0001-8523-5439 rhuffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-5439","contributorId":1638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Raegan","email":"rhuffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70128289,"text":"sim3311 - 2015 - Potentiometric surface, 2013, and water-level differences, 1991-2013, of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwest Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T13:27:04","indexId":"sim3311","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3311","title":"Potentiometric surface, 2013, and water-level differences, 1991-2013, of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwest Louisiana","docAbstract":"The Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer is the primary source of fresh groundwater for public supply as well as industrial, agricultural, and domestic uses in several parishes in northwestern Louisiana, including Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, De Soto, Natchitoches, Red River, Sabine, and Webster. In 2010, about 19 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) were withdrawn from the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in Louisiana. This is an increase of over 6 Mgal/d from 1990 withdrawal amounts. The largest increase in withdrawals occurred in Caddo (3.79 Mgal/d) and De Soto Parishes (2.32 Mgal/d), whereas the largest decrease in withdrawals occurred in Natchitoches Parish (1.17 Mgal/d). Groundwater withdrawals from the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer have caused water-level declines throughout much of the aquifer in the study area. Additional knowledge about the effects of withdrawals on water levels and flow directions in the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer are needed to assess current conditions in the aquifer. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources began a study to document current water levels and water-level changes in selected aquifers.
\nThis report presents data and maps that illustrate the potentiometric surface of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer during March–May 2013 and water-level differences from 1991 to 2013. The potentiometric surface map can be used for determining the direction of groundwater flow, hydraulic gradients, and effects of withdrawals on the groundwater resource. The rate of groundwater movement also can be estimated from the gradient when the hydraulic conductivity is applied. Water-level data collected for this study are stored in the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) and are on file at the USGS office in Baton Rouge, La.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3311","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Fendick, R., and Carter, K., 2015, Potentiometric surface, 2013, and water-level differences, 1991-2013, of the Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer in northwest Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3311, 44.0 x 34.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3311.","productDescription":"44.0 x 34.0 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-057693","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3311.jpg"},{"id":298025,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3311/"},{"id":298031,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3311/pdf/sim3311.pdf","text":"Map","size":"1.02 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Map"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Carrizo-Wilcox aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 33.02248191961359\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 33.02248191961359\n ],\n [\n -92.7520751953125,\n 31.194007509998823\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 31.194007509998823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7eee4b02d776a669ea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fendick, Robert B. Jr. rfendick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fendick","given":"Robert B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rfendick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Kayla kcarter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Kayla","email":"kcarter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70141433,"text":"70141433 - 2015 - Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T09:22:05","indexId":"70141433","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load","docAbstract":"The Elwha River restoration project, in Washington State, includes the largest dam-removal project in United States history to date. Starting September 2011, two nearly century-old dams that collectively contained 21 ± 3 million m3 of sediment were removed over the course of three years with a top-down deconstruction strategy designed to meter the release of a portion of the dam-trapped sediment. Gauging with sediment-surrogate technologies during the first two years downstream from the project measured 8,200,000 ± 3,400,000 tonnes of transported sediment, with 1,100,000 and 7,100,000 t moving in years 1 and 2, respectively, representing 3 and 20 times the Elwha River annual sediment load of 340,000 ± 80,000 t/y. During the study period, the discharge in the Elwha River was greater than normal (107% in year 1 and 108% in year 2); however, the magnitudes of the peak-flow events during the study period were relatively benign with the largest discharge of 292 m3/s (73% of the 2-year annual peak-flow event) early in the project when both extant reservoirs still retained sediment. Despite the muted peak flows, sediment transport was large, with measured suspended-sediment concentrations during the study period ranging from 44 to 16,300 mg/L and gauged bedload transport as large as 24,700 t/d. Five distinct sediment-release periods were identified when sediment loads were notably increased (when lateral erosion in the former reservoirs was active) or reduced (when reservoir retention or seasonal low flows and cessation of lateral erosion reduced sediment transport). Total suspended-sediment load was 930,000 t in year 1 and 5,400,000 t in year 2. Of the total 6,300,000 ± 3,200,000 t of suspended-sediment load, 3,400,000 t consisted of silt and clay and 2,900,000 t was sand. Gauged bedload on the lower Elwha River in year 2 of the project was 450,000 ± 360,000 t. Bedload was not quantified in year 1, but qualitative observations using bedload-surrogate instruments indicated detectable bedload starting just after full removal of the downstream dam. Using comparative studies from other sediment-laden rivers, the total ungauged fraction of < 2-mm bedload was estimated to be on the order of 1.5 Mt.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C.S., Hilldale, R.C., Curran, C.A., Duda, J., Straub, T., Domanski, M.M., and Foreman, J., 2015, Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: fluvial sediment load: Geomorphology, v. 246, p. 669-686, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"669","endPage":"686","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060501","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.73283386230467,\n 47.939806921954094\n ],\n [\n -123.73283386230467,\n 48.17341248658084\n ],\n [\n -123.43482971191405,\n 48.17341248658084\n ],\n [\n -123.43482971191405,\n 47.939806921954094\n ],\n [\n -123.73283386230467,\n 47.939806921954094\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"246","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7eee4b02d776a669ea5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.12.032","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Magirl Christopher S., Hilldale Robert C., Curran Christopher A., Duda Jeffrey J., Straub Timothy D., Domanski Marian, Foreman James R.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"10/2015","auditedOn":"2/25/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hilldale, Robert C.","contributorId":139315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilldale","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duda, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-7431-8634 jduda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":3323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeffrey J.","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Domanski, Marian M. 0000-0002-0468-314X mdomanski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-314X","contributorId":5035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domanski","given":"Marian","email":"mdomanski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Foreman, James R. 0000-0003-0535-4580 jforeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4580","contributorId":139316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"James R.","email":"jforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70135821,"text":"fs20143118 - 2015 - Water resources of St. Charles Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T12:58:08","indexId":"fs20143118","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3118","title":"Water resources of St. Charles Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in St. Charles Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"White, V.E., and Prakken, L., 2015, Water resources of St. Charles Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3118, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143118.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059438","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143118.jpg"},{"id":298026,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3118/"},{"id":298027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3118/pdf/fs2014-3118.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"St. Charles Parish","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.58914184570311,\n 29.679701222948996\n ],\n [\n -90.58914184570311,\n 30.191431221535417\n ],\n [\n -90.14762878417969,\n 30.191431221535417\n ],\n [\n -90.14762878417969,\n 29.679701222948996\n ],\n [\n -90.58914184570311,\n 29.679701222948996\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7f1e4b02d776a669eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prakken, Lawrence B. lprakken@usgs.gov","contributorId":139067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Lawrence B.","email":"lprakken@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70137314,"text":"sir20155003 - 2015 - Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected wells possibly influenced by wastewater disposal at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1981-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-20T13:52:28","indexId":"sir20155003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-18T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5003","title":"Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected wells possibly influenced by wastewater disposal at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1981-2012","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, analyzed water-quality data collected from 64 aquifer wells and 35 perched groundwater wells at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) from 1981 through 2012. The wells selected for the study were wells that possibly were affected by wastewater disposal at the INL. The data analyzed included tritium, strontium-90, major cations, anions, nutrients, trace elements, total organic carbon, and volatile organic compounds. The analyses were performed to examine water-quality trends that might influence future management decisions about the number of wells to sample at the INL and the type of constituents to monitor.
\nThe data were processed using custom computer scripts developed in the R programming language. Summary statistics were calculated for the datasets. Water-quality trends were determined using a parametric survival regression model to fit the observed data, including left-censored, interval-censored, and uncensored data. The null hypothesis of the trend test was that no relation existed between time and concentration; the alternate hypothesis was that time and concentration were related through the regression equation. A significance level of 0.05 was selected to determine if the trend was statistically significant.
\nTrend test results for tritium and strontium-90 concentrations in aquifer wells indicated that nearly all wells had decreasing or no trends. Similarly, trends in perched groundwater wells were mostly decreasing or no trends; trends were increasing in two perched groundwater wells near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex. Decreasing trends generally are attributed to lack of recent wastewater disposal and radioactive decay.
\nTrend test results for chloride, sodium, sulfate, nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen), chromium, trace elements, and total organic carbon concentrations in aquifer wells indicated that most wells had either decreasing or no trends. The decreasing trends in these constituents are attributed to decrease in disposal of these constituents, as well as discontinued use of the old percolation ponds south of the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) and redirection of wastewater to the new percolation ponds 2 miles southwest of the INTEC in 2002.
\nChloride (along with sodium, sulfate, and some nitrate) concentrations in wells south of the INTEC may be influenced by episodic recharge from the Big Lost River. These constituent concentrations decrease during wetter periods when there is probably more recharge from the Big Lost River and increase during dry periods, when there is less recharge.
\nSome wells downgradient of the Central Facilities Area and near the southern boundary of the INL showed increasing trends in sodium concentration, whereas there was no trend in chloride. The increasing trend for sodium could be due to the long term influence of wastewater disposal from upgradient facilities and the lack of trend for chloride could be because chloride is more mobile than sodium and more dispersed in the aquifer system.
\nVolatile organic compound concentration trends were analyzed for nine aquifer wells. Trend test results indicated an increasing trend for carbon tetrachloride for the Radioactive Waste Management Complex Production Well for the period 1987–2012; however, trend analyses of data collected since 2005 show no statistically significant trend indicating that engineering practices designed to reduce movement of volatile organic compounds to the aquifer may be having a positive effect on the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.C., Bartholomay, R.C., Fisher, J.C., and Maimer, N.V., 2015, Water-quality characteristics and trends for selected wells possibly influenced by wastewater disposal at the Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 1981-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5003, Report: viii, 105 p.; Appendixes A-E, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155003.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 105 p.; Appendixes A-E","numberOfPages":"118","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1981-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053069","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298022,"rank":8,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155003.jpg"},{"id":298016,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/pdf/sir2015-5003.pdf","text":"Report","size":"7.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298020,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/pdf/sir2015-5003_appendixd.pdf","text":"Appendix D","size":"36.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix D"},{"id":298004,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/"},{"id":298021,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/pdf/sir2015-5003_appendixe.pdf","text":"Appendix E","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix E"},{"id":298017,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/pdf/sir2015-5003_appendixa.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"237 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix A"},{"id":298018,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/pdf/sir2015-5003_appendixb.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"22.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix B"},{"id":298019,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5003/pdf/sir2015-5003_appendixc.pdf","text":"Appendix C","size":"12.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix C"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.71536254882812,\n 43.37910133500264\n ],\n [\n -113.71536254882812,\n 44.03429525903969\n ],\n [\n -112.4835205078125,\n 44.03429525903969\n ],\n [\n -112.4835205078125,\n 43.37910133500264\n ],\n [\n -113.71536254882812,\n 43.37910133500264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"DOE/ID-22233","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e5b7f2e4b02d776a669ead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Jason C. 0000-0001-9032-8912 jfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-8912","contributorId":2523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Jason","email":"jfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maimer, Neil V. 0000-0003-3047-3282 nmaimer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-3282","contributorId":5659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maimer","given":"Neil","email":"nmaimer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135973,"text":"ofr20141235 - 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The Susquehanna River is the largest tributary to Chesapeake Bay and transports about one-half of the total freshwater input and substantial amounts of sediment and nutrients to the bay. The transported loads are affected by deposition in reservoirs (Lake Clarke, Lake Aldred, and Conowingo Reservoir) behind three hydropower dams. The geometry and texture of the deposited sediments in each reservoir upstream from the three dams has been a subject of research in recent decades. Particle size deposition and sediment scouring processes are part of the reservoir dynamics. A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) for nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment was established for Chesapeake Bay to attain water-quality standards. Six states and the District of Columbia agreed to reduce loads to the bay and to meet load allocation goals for the TMDL. The USGS has been estimating annual sediment loads at the Susquehanna River at Marietta, Pennsylvania (above Lake Clarke), and Susquehanna River at Conowingo, Maryland (below Conowingo Reservoir), since the mid-1980s to predict the mass balance of sediment transport through the reservoir system. Using streamflow and sediment data from the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (upstream from the reservoirs), from 1900 to 1981, sediment loads were greatest in the early to mid-1900s when land disturbance activities from coal production and agriculture were at their peak. Sediment loads declined in the 1950s with the introduction of agricultural soil conservation practices. Loads were dominated by climatic factors in the 1960s (drought) and 1970s (very wet) and have been declining since the 1980s through 2012. The USGS developed a regression equation to predict the sediment scour load for daily mean streamflows greater than 300,000 cubic feet per second for the Lower Susquehanna River reservoirs. A compilation of data from various sources produced a range in total sediment transported through the reservoir system and allowed for apportioning to source (watershed or scour) for various streamflows. In 2011, Conowingo Reservoir was estimated to be about 92 percent of sediment storage capacity. Since construction of Conowingo Dam in 1929 through 2012, approximately 470 million tons of sediment was transported down the Susquehanna River into the reservoir system, approximately 290 million tons were trapped, and approximately 180 million tons were transported to Chesapeake Bay. Spatial and estimated total sand deposition in Conowingo Reservoir based on historical sediment cores indicated continued migration of sand downgradient toward the dam and the winnowing of silts and clays near the dam due to scour.
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Data collection formed part of the NCBN Vital Signs Monitoring Program implemented to detect threats of estuarine nutrient enrichment. Data included here were collected from six parks at predetermined intervals: Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011); Fire Island National Seashore, New York (2009, 2011); Gateway National Recreation Area, New York and New Jersey (2010); Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland and Virginia (2006, 2008, 2010); George Washington Birthplace National Monument, Virginia (2009, 2011); and Colonial National Historic Park, Virginia (2008, 2010). Monitoring variables consisted of dissolved-oxygen concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, attenuation of downwelling photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), turbidity, water temperature, and salinity. All monitoring was conducted during four-week summer index periods. 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California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-18T09:08:52","indexId":"ofr20131070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-17T17:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1070","title":"Environmental assessment of water, sediment, and biota collected from the Bear Creek watershed, Colusa County, California","docAbstract":"The Cache Creek watershed lies within California's North Coast Range, an area with abundant geologic sources of mercury (Hg) and a long history of Hg contamination (Rytuba, 2000). Bear Creek, Cache Creek, and the North Fork of Cache Creek are the major streams of the Cache Creek watershed, encompassing 2978 km2. The Cache Creek watershed contains soils naturally enriched in Hg as well as natural springs (both hot and cold) with varying levels of aqueous Hg (Domagalski and others, 2004, Suchanek and others, 2004, Holloway and others 2009). All three tributaries are known to be significant sources of anthropogenically derived Hg from historic mines, both Hg and gold (Au), and associated ore storage/processing sites and facilities (Slotton and others, 1995, 2004; CVRWQCB, 2003; Schwarzbach and others, 2001; Gassel and others, 2005; Suchanek and others., 2004, 2008a, 2009). Historically, two of the primary sources of mercury contamination in the upper part of Bear Creek have been the Rathburn and Petray Hg Mines.
The Rathburn Hg mine was discovered and initially mined in the early 1890s. The Rathburn and the more recently developed Petray open pit mines are localized along fault zones in serpentinite that has been altered and cut by quartz and chalcedony veins. Cold saline-carbonate springs are located perepheral to the Hg deposits and effluent from the springs locally has high concentrations of Hg (Slowey and Rytuba, 2008). Several ephemeral tributaries to Bear Creek drain the mine area which is located on federal land managed by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (USBLM). The USBLM requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) measure and characterize Hg and other geochemical constituents in sediment, water, and biota to establish baseline information prior to remediation of the Rathburn and Petray mines. Samples sites were established in Bear Creek upstream and downstream from the mine area. This report is made in response to the USBLM request, the lead agency mandated to conduct a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) - Removal Site Investigation (RSI). The RSI applies to the possible removal of Hg-contaminated mine waste from Bear Creek.
This report summarizes data obtained from field sampling of water, sediment, and biota in Bear Creek, above input from the mine area and downstream from the Rathburn-Petray mine area to the confluence with Cache Creek. Our results permit a preliminary assessment of the chemical constituents that could elevate levels of monomethyl Hg (MMeHg) in Bear Creek and its uptake by biota and provide baseline information for comparison to conditions after mine remediation is completed.
This report describes a reconnaissance study of estuarine bed-sediment quality conducted June–October 2013 in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 to assess the extent of contamination and the potential long-term human and ecological impacts of the storm. The study, funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2), was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. In addition to presenting the bed-sediment-quality data, the report describes the study design, documents the methods of sample collection and analysis, and discusses the steps taken to assure the quality of the data.
\nBed-sediment samples were collected from June to October 2013 from 167 estuarine sites extending from Cape May, New Jersey, to the New York Harbor and the eastern end of Long Island. Each sampling location and study region was characterized by using geographic information to identify potential contaminant sources. Characterizations included land cover, locations and types of businesses (industrial, financial, and others), spills (sewage, chemical, and others), bulk storage facilities, effluent discharges within 2 kilometers of the sampling point, and discharges within inundated and non-inundated regions near the sampling location. Samples were analyzed for particle size, total organic carbon, metals and trace elements, semivolatile organic compounds, wastewater compounds, hormones, and sediment toxicity. Samples were also screened using x-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. In addition, bioassays for endocrine disruptors and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition were conducted. The study was designed to provide the data needed to understand the extent and sources of contamination resulting from Hurricane Sandy, to compare the chemistry and toxicity of estuarine bed sediments before and after the storm, and to evaluate the usefulness of rapid screening and bioassay approaches in disaster settings.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds905","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Suffolk County Department of Health Services, and Town of Hempstead","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., Phillips, P., Reilly, T.J., Focazio, M.J., Loftin, K.A., Benzel, W., Jones, D.K., Smalling, K., Fisher, S.C., Fisher, I., Iwanowicz, L., Romanok, K., Jenkins, D.E., Bowers, L., Boehlke, A., Foreman, W., Deetz, A., Carper, L.G., Imbrigiotta, T., and Birdwell, J.E., 2015, Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 905, Report: xiv, 42 p.; 38 Tables; Downloads Directory, 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This report describes an updated version of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a deterministic, distributed-parameter, physical-process-based modeling system developed to evaluate the response of various combinations of climate and land use on streamflow and general watershed hydrology. Several new model components were developed, and all existing components were updated, to enhance performance and supportability. This report describes the history, application, concepts, organization, and mathematical formulation of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System and its model components. This updated version provides improvements in (1) system flexibility for integrated science, (2) verification of conservation of water during simulation, (3) methods for spatial distribution of climate boundary conditions, and (4) methods for simulation of soil-water flow and storage.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Surface water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6B7","usgsCitation":"Markstrom, S., Regan, R.S., Hay, L.E., Viger, R., Webb, R.M., Payn, R.A., and LaFontaine, J., 2015, PRMS-IV, the precipitation-runoff modeling system, version 4: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-B7, vii, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6B7.","productDescription":"vii, 158 p.","numberOfPages":"169","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045397","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438724,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LVUWDC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) version 5.2.1"},{"id":438723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HJ5TKZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) version 5.2.0"},{"id":438722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9EMVKHC","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) version 5.1.0"},{"id":438721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9X17IC9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"GSFLOW: Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow Model, version 2.1.0"},{"id":438720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P91FBZOB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"PRMS version 5.0.0: Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System"},{"id":298054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm6b7.jpg"},{"id":297968,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6b7/"},{"id":297988,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/6b7/pdf/tm6-b7.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 7 of Section B: Surface Water in Book 6 Modeling Techniques.","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e71739e4b02d776a66a016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Regan, R. 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Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70164523,"text":"70164523 - 2015 - Re–Os age for the Lower–Middle Pennsylvanian Boundary and comparison with associated palynoflora","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-09T13:36:42","indexId":"70164523","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re–Os age for the Lower–Middle Pennsylvanian Boundary and comparison with associated palynoflora","docAbstract":"The Betsie Shale Member is a relatively thick and continuous unit that serves as a marker bed across the central Appalachian basin, in part because it includes an organic-rich shale unit at its base that is observable in drill logs. Deposited during a marine transgression, the Betsie Shale Member has been correlated to units in both Wales and Germany and has been proposed to mark the boundary between the Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian Series within North America. This investigation assigns a new Re–Os date to the base of the Betsie and examines the palynoflora and maceral composition of the underlying Matewan coal bed in the context of that date. The Matewan coal bed contains abundant lycopsid tree spores along its base with assemblage diversity and inertinite content increasing upsection, as sulfur content and ash yield decrease. Taken together, these palynologic and organic petrographic results suggest a submerged paleomire that transitioned to an exposed peat surface. Notably, separating the lower and upper benches of the Matewan is a parting with very high sulfur content (28 wt.%), perhaps representing an early marine pulse prior to the full on transgression responsible for depositing the Betsie. Results from Re–Os geochronology date the base of the Betsie at 323 ± 7.8 Ma, consistent with previously determined age constraints as well as the palynoflora assemblage presented herein. The Betsie Shale Member is also highly enriched in Re (ranging from 319.7 to 1213 ng/g), with high 187Re/188Os values ranging from 3644 to 5737 likely resultant from varying redox conditions between the pore water and overlying water column during deposition and early condensing of the section.
\n\n
In 2011, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began monitoring the saltwater interface near Lake Okeechobee to evaluate changes in interface depth that could possibly be related to the repair of the Herbert Hoover Dike. A seepage barrier (or cut-off wall), installed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, is a wall of grout designed to protect the Herbert Hoover Dike from internal erosion caused by the piping of water. The seepage barrier prevents water from flowing through or immediately under the dike by diverting the flow below the dike, into the surficial aquifer system. The seepage barrier extends below the saltwater interface in some areas. Monitoring consisted of collecting water samples and time series electromagnetic-induction log (TSEMIL) datasets from 10 well clusters, each of which have 1 shallow and 1 deep monitoring well, with 5- to 10-foot- (ft) long-screened intervals. The deep wells are 120 to 187 ft deep, and the shallow wells are 44 to 100 ft deep.
\nChanges in the depth of the saltwater interface were identified that correspond closely to the depth of the bottom of the seepage barrier. These changes may have been the consequence of changes in groundwater flow initiated by the seepage barrier installation. In areas of the dike where a seepage barrier had not been installed, or where the bottom of the seepage barrier is well above the saltwater interface, monitoring detected no changes in the depth of the saltwater interface.
\nAt five of the monitoring-well cluster locations, a long-screened well was also installed for monitoring and comparison purposes. These long-screened wells are 160 to 200 ft deep, and have open intervals ranging from 145 to 185 ft in length. Water samples were collected at depth intervals of about 5 to 10 ft, using 3-ft-long straddle packers to isolate each sampling interval. The results of monitoring conducted using these long-screened interval wells were generally too variable to identify any changes that might be associated with the seepage barrier. Samples from one of these long-screened interval wells failed to detect the saltwater interface evident in samples and TSEMIL datasets from a collocated well cluster. This failure may have been caused by downward flow of freshwater from above the saltwater interface in the well bore.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141256","usgsCitation":"Prinos, S.T., and Valderrama, R., 2015, Changes in the saltwater interface corresponding to the installation of a seepage barrier near Lake Okeechobee, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1256, Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141256.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 24 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-058177","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297981,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141256.jpg"},{"id":297979,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected long-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297978,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/pdf/ofr2014-1256.pdf","size":"6.90 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297980,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/appendix/ofr2014-1256_appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"33.6 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"Results of water samples from selected short-screened interval monitoring wells."},{"id":297967,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1256/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 27.21311366818236\n ],\n [\n -80.60531616210938,\n 26.674458841825206\n ],\n [\n -81.15875244140625,\n 26.674458841825206\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54df2028e4b08de9379b3a2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Valderrama, Robert rvalder@usgs.gov","contributorId":5710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valderrama","given":"Robert","email":"rvalder@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}