The goal of this article is to consider data solutions to investigate the differential pathways that connect climate/weather variability to child health outcomes. We apply several measures capturing different aspects of climate/weather variability to different time periods of in utero exposure. The measures are designed to capture the complexities of climate-related risks and isolate their impacts based on the timing and duration of exposure. Specifically, we focus on infant birth weight in Mali and consider local weather and environmental conditions associated with the three most frequently posited potential drivers of adverse health outcomes: disease (malaria), heat stress, and food insecurity. We focus this study on Mali, where seasonal trends facilitate the use of measures specifically designed to capture distinct aspects of climate/weather conditions relevant to the potential drivers. Results indicate that attention to the timing of exposures and employing measures designed to capture nuances in each of the drivers provides important insight into climate and birth weight outcomes, especially in the case of factors impacted by precipitation. Results also indicate that high temperatures and low levels of agricultural production are consistently associated with lower birth weights, and exposure to malarious conditions may increase likelihood of nonlive birth outcomes.
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Rebuilding the health of our planet will require addressing underlying threats at many scales, including habitat loss and climate change. Conservation interventions such as habitat protection, management, restoration, predator control, translocation, genetic rescue, and biological control have the potential to help threatened or endangered species avert extinction. These existing, well-tested methods can be complemented and augmented by more frequent and faster adoption of new technologies, such as powerful new genetic tools. In addition, synthetic biology might offer solutions to currently intractable conservation problems. We believe that conservation needs to be bold and clear-eyed in this moment of great urgency.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/csp2.371","usgsCitation":"Phelan, R., Baumgartner, B., Brand, S., Brister, E., Burgiel, S.W., Charo, R.A., Coche, I., Cofrancesco, A., Delborne, J.A., Edwards, O., Fisher, J.P., Gaywood, M., Gordon, D.R., Howald, G., Hunter, M., Kareiva, P., Mankad, A., Marvier, M., Moseby, K., Newhouse, A.E., Novak, B.J., Ohrstrom, G., Olson, S., Palmer, M.J., Palumbi, S.S., Patterson, N., Pedrono, M., Pelegri, F., Rohwer, Y., Ryder, O.A., Saah, J.R., Scheller, R.M., Seddon, P.J., Shaffer, H.B., Shapiro, B., Sweeney, M., Tercek, M.R., Thizy, D., Tilt, W., Weber, M., Wegrzyn, R.D., Whitelaw, B., Winkler, M., Wodak, J., Zimring, M., and Robbins, P., 2021, Intended consequences statement: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 3, no. 4, e371, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.371.","productDescription":"e371, 3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122407","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.371","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelan, Ryan","contributorId":289398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phelan","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62124,"text":"Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, Bridget","contributorId":289399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Bridget","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62124,"text":"Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Stewart","contributorId":289400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Stewart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62124,"text":"Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brister, Evelyn","contributorId":289401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brister","given":"Evelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32390,"text":"Rochester Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burgiel, Stanley W.","contributorId":289402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgiel","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":62127,"text":"National Invasive Species Council, Washington DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charo, R. 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2021 - An integrated population model for harvest management of Atlantic brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T15:59:51.150161","indexId":"70263748","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:56:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated population model for harvest management of Atlantic brant","docAbstract":"Atlantic brant (Branta bernicla hrota) are important game birds in the Atlantic Flyway and several long-term monitoring data sets could assist with harvest management, including a count-based survey and demographic data. Considering their relative strengths and weaknesses, integrated analysis to these data would likely improve harvest management, but tools for integration have not yet been developed. Managers currently use an aerial count survey on the wintering grounds, the mid-winter survey, to set harvest regulations. We developed an integrated population model (IPM) for Atlantic brant that uses multiple data sources to simultaneously estimate population abundance, survival, and productivity. The IPM abundance estimates for data from 1975–2018 were less variable than annual mid-winter survey counts or Lincoln estimates, presumably reflecting better accounting for observer error and incorporation of demographic estimates by the IPM. Posterior estimates of adult survival were high (0.77–0.87), and harvest rates of adults and juveniles were positively correlated with more liberal hunting regulations (i.e., hunting days and the daily bag limit). Productivity was variable, with the percent of juveniles in the winter population ranging from 1% to >40%. We found no evidence for environmental relationships with productivity. Using IPM-predicted population abundances rather than mid-winter survey counts alone would have meant fewer annual changes to hunting regulations since 2004. Use of the IPM could improve harvest management for Atlantic brant by providing the ability to predict abundance before annual hunting regulations are set, and by providing more stable hunting regulations, with fewer annual changes.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22037","usgsCitation":"Roberts, A., Dooly, J., Ross, B., Nichols, T., Leafloor, J., and Dufour, K., 2021, An integrated population model for harvest management of Atlantic brant: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 5, p. 897-908, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22037.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"908","ipdsId":"IP-119298","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.8343877582402,\n 62.41285920640681\n ],\n [\n -69.27612610313905,\n 62.9825936579802\n ],\n [\n -66.9360611726691,\n 66.43037175085522\n ],\n [\n -74.41355122876546,\n 71.18930968714878\n ],\n [\n -92.1985681614551,\n 73.69165787492997\n ],\n [\n -94.52383256314731,\n 72.23639925807228\n ],\n [\n -95.00348613973863,\n 68.4831465437872\n ],\n [\n -91.73869598878188,\n 66.06127536766604\n ],\n [\n -89.4591220679694,\n 64.29556910964087\n ],\n [\n -82.6298769556148,\n 61.229545172462025\n ],\n [\n -78.54052925132643,\n 61.70675111212782\n ],\n [\n -77.8343877582402,\n 62.41285920640681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, A.J.","contributorId":351178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[{"id":36209,"text":"U.S. FWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dooly, J.L.","contributorId":351179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dooly","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Beth 0000-0001-5634-4951 bross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-4951","contributorId":199242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth","email":"bross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, T.C.","contributorId":351180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[{"id":83933,"text":"New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leafloor, J.O.","contributorId":351181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leafloor","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dufour, K.W.","contributorId":351182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufour","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70228969,"text":"70228969 - 2021 - Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T16:11:20.656345","indexId":"70228969","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:51:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario","title":"Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"Restoration of a wild-produced lake trout Salvelinus namaycush population in Lake Ontario has not been successful despite the adult population often meeting or exceeding restoration targets. Lack of high-quality spawning habitat in Lake Ontario is suggested as one impediment to recruitment of wild lake trout, although the quantity and location of spawning habitat is poorly understood. If high-quality spawning habitat is limited in Lake Ontario, lake trout may be using uncommon spawning locations such as rivers. Anecdotal angler accounts point to the Niagara River as a lake trout spawning location. To better understand the potential of the Niagara River as a spawning location, egg and juvenile fish collections were conducted 12–14 river kilometers from the mouth of the Niagara River from 2010 to 2012; and mature female lake trout with surgically implanted acoustic tags were monitored from 2015 to 2019. Genetic analyses confirmed 60% of collected eggs and 93% of collected post-hatch juvenile fish in the Niagara River were lake trout. Tagged female lake trout returned to the Niagara River over consecutive years during the spawning season. The short duration of lake trout presence in the river (mean = 56 days/year) suggests female lake trout use the Niagara River primarily for spawning. Diversity in spawning locations may provide lake trout population’s resilience against environmental variability through a portfolio effect. Improved identification of riverine spawning locations, including their overall contribution to wild recruitment, may be a useful tool for managers to restore a wild-produced population of lake trout in Lake Ontario.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.12.007","usgsCitation":"Gatch, A., Gorsky, D., Biesinger, Z., Bruestle, E., Lee, K., Karboski, C., Bartron, M.L., and Wagner, T., 2021, Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 2, p. 486-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.12.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"493","ipdsId":"IP-119538","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario, Niagara River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.617919921875,\n 42.87797684287408\n ],\n [\n -78.42315673828125,\n 42.87797684287408\n ],\n [\n -78.42315673828125,\n 43.57840117718351\n ],\n [\n -79.617919921875,\n 43.57840117718351\n ],\n [\n -79.617919921875,\n 42.87797684287408\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatch, Alexander","contributorId":264161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatch","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorsky, Dimitry","contributorId":251650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorsky","given":"Dimitry","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biesinger, Zy","contributorId":197993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biesinger","given":"Zy","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruestle, Eric","contributorId":251746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruestle","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Kelley","contributorId":280121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Kelley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karboski, Curt","contributorId":280119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karboski","given":"Curt","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bartron, Meredith L.","contributorId":149109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartron","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26874,"text":"USFWS, Lamar, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70228564,"text":"70228564 - 2021 - Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T15:58:57.838707","indexId":"70228564","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:48:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska","title":"Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"Polymorphism facilitates coexistence of divergent morphs (e.g., phenotypes) of the same species by minimizing intraspecific competition, especially when resources are limiting. Arctic char (Salvelinus sp.) are a Holarctic fish often forming morphologically, and sometimes genetically, divergent morphs. In this study, we assessed the morphological and genetic diversity and divergence of 263 individuals from seven populations of arctic char with varying length-frequency distributions across two distinct groups of lakes in northern Alaska. Despite close geographic proximity, each lake group occurs on landscapes with different glacial ages and surface water connectivity, and thus was likely colonized by fishes at different times. Across lakes, a continuum of physical (e.g., lake area, maximum depth) and biological characteristics (e.g., primary productivity, fish density) exists, likely contributing to characteristics of present-day char populations. Although some lakes exhibit bimodal size distributions, using model-based clustering of morphometric traits corrected for allometry, we did not detect morphological differences within and across char populations. Genomic analyses using 15,934 SNPs obtained from genotyping by sequencing demonstrated differences among lake groups related to historical biogeography, but within lake groups and within individual lakes, genetic differentiation was not related to total body length. We used PERMANOVA to identify environmental and biological factors related to observed char size structure. Significant predictors included water transparency (i.e., a primary productivity proxy), char density (fish·ha-1), and lake group. Larger char occurred in lakes with greater primary production and lower char densities, suggesting less intraspecific competition and resource limitation. Thus, char populations in more productive and connected lakes may prove more stable to environmental changes, relative to food-limited and closed lakes, if lake productivity increases concomitantly. Our findings provide some of the first descriptions of genomic characteristics of char populations in arctic Alaska, and offer important consideration for the persistence of these populations for subsistence and conservation.
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rufus)","title":"Demography and loss of genetic diversity in two insular populations of the bobcat (Lynx rufus)","docAbstract":"Among felids worldwide, only 6 of 38 species have stable or increasing populations, and most felid species are threatened by anthropogenic influences, especially habitat loss and fragmentation. We documented changes in genetic diversity in an isolated, reintroduced population of bobcats on Cumberland Island (CUIS), Georgia, USA, compared to another bobcat population on Kiawah Island, South Carolina, USA, that was naturally established and experiences limited immigration from the mainland. The CUIS population declined from 32 reintroduced bobcats in 1989 to 10–24 individuals during 2012–2019, and observed heterozygosity declined from 0.742 to 0.634 (SD = 0.240). Observed heterozygosity of bobcats on Kiawah was 0.699 (SD = 0.153). We estimated that one bobcat immigrated to Kiawah Island every 5.3 years. We compared the predictions of a novel population viability analysis (PVA) to empirical estimates of abundance and genetic diversity on CUIS and used our PVA to identify management actions that are likely to support long-term viability. Mean heterozygosity from the PVA (0.588, SD = 0.065) was within 1 standard deviation of the empirical estimate. The PVA estimated the population would decline following population restoration due to loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. Translocations of one female every four years would stabilize allele heterozygosity similar to the Kiawah Island population, but even translocations of two females every two years would not restore heterozygosity to founder levels. The PVA predicted no management action would result in a one in five probability of extinction within 50 years of reintroduction, but all translocation strategies nearly eliminated extinction risk through 100 years.
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","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Beck, J., Wirt, B., Armston, J., Hofton, M., Luthcke, S., and Tang, H., 2021, Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) level 2 user guide, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128197","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":494340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/986/GEDI02_UserGuide_V2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Jared 0000-0003-2767-5502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-5502","contributorId":219169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Jared","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Bradford 0000-0001-6115-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-6963","contributorId":359919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wirt","given":"Bradford","affiliations":[{"id":85935,"text":"KBR, Inc, contracted to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armston, John","contributorId":311208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armston","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67358,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20770, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofton, Michelle","contributorId":311211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofton","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67358,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20770, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luthcke, Scott","contributorId":311207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luthcke","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":67357,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tang, Hao","contributorId":311206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Hao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67355,"text":"Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70238781,"text":"70238781 - 2021 - Heterotrophic respiration and the divergence of productivity and carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T15:08:10.493171","indexId":"70238781","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:00:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterotrophic respiration and the divergence of productivity and carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"Net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) are often used interchangeably, as their difference, heterotrophic respiration (soil heterotrophic CO2 efflux, RSH = NPP−NEP), is assumed a near-fixed fraction of NPP. Here, we show, using a range-wide replicated experimental study in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations that RSH responds differently than NPP to fertilization and drought treatments, leading to the divergent responses of NPP and NEP. Across the natural range of the species, the moderate responses of NPP (+11%) and RSH (−7%) to fertilization combined such that NEP increased nearly threefold in ambient control and 43% under drought treatment. A 13% decline in RSH under drought led to a 26% increase in NEP while NPP was unaltered. Such drought benefit for carbon sequestration was nearly twofold in control, but disappeared under fertilization. Carbon sequestration efficiency, NEP:NPP, varied twofold among sites, and increased up to threefold under both drought and fertilization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL092366","usgsCitation":"Noormets, A., Bracho, R., Ward, E., Seiler, J., Strahm, B., Lin, W., McElligott, K., Domec, J., Gonzalez-Benecke, C., Jokela, E.J., Markewitz, D.M., Meek, C., Miao, G., McNulty, S.G., King, J., Samuelson, L., Sun, G., Teskey, R., Vogel, J., Will, R.E., Yang, J., and Martin, T.A., 2021, Heterotrophic respiration and the divergence of productivity and carbon sequestration: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 48, no. 7, e2020GL092366, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092366.","productDescription":"e2020GL092366, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128106","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl092366","text":"External 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Parkinson on “Increasing rates of carbon burial in southwest Florida coastal wetlands” by J. Breithaupt et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T13:46:30.497055","indexId":"70229806","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T08:41:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by R. Parkinson on “Increasing rates of carbon burial in southwest Florida coastal wetlands” by J. Breithaupt et al.","docAbstract":"Breithaupt et al. (2020) investigated why rates of organic carbon (OC) burial in coastal wetlands appear to increase over the past ∼120 years. After comparing dating methods and applying biogeochemical analyses, we concluded that neither dating method nor carbon degradation contribute to the observed trend. Rather, we concluded that OC burial has increased in the past century. Parkinson's (2021) Comment disagrees with our conclusion, contending that: 1) use of a density correction to account for soil auto‐compaction is a flawed methodology that artificially shortens a core's length, 2) there is limited evidence for an acceleration in the regional sea‐level rise (SLR) rate, and 3) vertical accretion rates in previous papers by Breithaupt et al. (2014, 2017) are lower than the regional mean rate of SLR and are not to be believed as these wetlands should have converted to open water by now. We reject these contentions because: 1) no density correction was applied to the cores in this study, 2) local tide gauge records and analyses in the literature support an increase in SLR rates coinciding with the timeframe of our OC burial records, and 3) Parkinson's comparison of the 100‐yr mean rate of SLR neglects temporal variability and uncertainties in the long‐term sea‐level record, as well as biophysical feedbacks between wetland surface elevation and SLR. Here, we provide detailed responses to Parkinson's contentions and establish the importance of differentiating operational definitions of OC burial and accretion to clarify why an auto‐compaction correction is not applicable for OC burial measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","doi":"10.1029/2021JG006245","usgsCitation":"Breithaupt, J.L., Smoak, J.M., Bianchi, T.S., Vaughn, D., Sanders, C.J., Radabaugh, K.R., Osland, M., Feher, L., Lynch, J., Cahoon, D., Anderson, G., Whelan, K.R., Rosenheim, B.E., Moyer, R.P., and Chambers, L.G., 2021, Reply to comment by R. Parkinson on “Increasing rates of carbon burial in southwest Florida coastal wetlands” by J. 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The persistent sheening from accumulated OPA along 60 km of the Kalamazoo River in Michigan’s lower peninsula resulted in a lengthy and expensive cleanup for the 2010 Enbridge Line 6B pipeline rupture. The interaction of oil with river mineral sediment and organic matter and its long-term fate depend on the physical properties of the oil and particles as well as the environmental setting of river, its climate, morphology, currents and mixing opportunities. This research brief describes the expanded work conducted for the cleanup for the 2010 Enbridge Line 6B pipeline rupture and includes laboratory experiments of aggregate characteristics with Cold Lake Blend and a range of sediment particle sizes, addition of an OPA formation algorithm to an existing sediment contaminant transport model, and development of a simplified, particle-tracking based rapid response model of OPA formation, transport, and deposition. A description of formulas developed for mixing energy in rivers in terms of river properties is also included.","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Berens, J., Boufadel, M., Fitzpatrick, F., Garcia, M., Hassan, J.S., Hayter, E., Jones, L., Mravik, S., and Waterman, D., 2021, The formation, transport, and breakup of submerged oil-particle aggregates in Great Lakes riverine environments (Revised March 7, 2022): Research Brief EPA/600/S-21/061, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130968","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396889,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=CESER&dirEntryId=354255"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kalamazoo River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.21795654296875,\n 42.23461834757937\n ],\n [\n -85.50384521484375,\n 42.23461834757937\n ],\n [\n -85.50384521484375,\n 42.6844544397102\n ],\n [\n -86.21795654296875,\n 42.6844544397102\n ],\n [\n -86.21795654296875,\n 42.23461834757937\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Revised March 7, 2022","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berens, John","contributorId":288282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berens","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61720,"text":"University of IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boufadel, Michel C.","contributorId":176576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boufadel","given":"Michel C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hassan, Jacob S.","contributorId":143668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassan","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15293,"text":"USEPA Region V","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayter, Earl","contributorId":143665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayter","given":"Earl","affiliations":[{"id":15290,"text":"USACE, Coastal and Hydraulic Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Lori","contributorId":288283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61723,"text":"formerly with the University of IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mravik, Susan","contributorId":288284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mravik","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Waterman, David","contributorId":143664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waterman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70219428,"text":"70219428 - 2021 - Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Overwinter movement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-05T13:08:11.30361","indexId":"70219428","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T08:07:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8109,"text":"Herpetological Review, Natural History Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Overwinter movement","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Cummings, K.L., Lovich, J.E., and Puffer, S., 2021, Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Overwinter movement: Herpetological Review, Natural History Notes, v. 52, no. 1, p. 128-129.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"129","ipdsId":"IP-123892","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":384865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ssarherps.org/herpetological-review-pdfs/"}],"volume":"52","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, Kristy L. 0000-0002-8316-5059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5059","contributorId":202061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"Kristy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puffer, Shellie R. 0000-0003-4957-0963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-0963","contributorId":193099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffer","given":"Shellie R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70220249,"text":"70220249 - 2021 - Assessing the impact of an online climate science community: The Early Career Climate Forum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T12:56:06.982649","indexId":"70220249","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T07:53:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8576,"text":"Weather, Climate and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of an online climate science community: The Early Career Climate Forum","docAbstract":"Online science communities can serve as powerful platforms for advancing scientific knowledge, capacity, and outreach by increasing collaboration and information sharing among geographically distant peers, practitioners, and the public. Here, we examine the value and role of the Early Career Climate Forum (ECCF), a climate-focused online science community that is based in the United States and is dedicated to training and providing support to the next generation of climate scientists. In a survey of community users and contributors, we find that the ECCF played a unique role in providing users access to career resources as well as climate-related research and insights. Respondents also indicated that the ECCF provides them with a strong sense of community and a sense of hope for the future of climate science research. These findings highlight the importance of online science communities in shaping and supporting the next generation of scientists and practitioners working at the science–management interface on climate change issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0150.1","usgsCitation":"Guckian, M., Markowitz, E., Tucker, C., Kiekebusch, E., Klemm, T., Middleton, L., Wootten, A., and Staudinger, M., 2021, Assessing the impact of an online climate science community: The Early Career Climate Forum: Weather, Climate and Society, v. 13, no. 2, p. 315-325, https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0150.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"325","ipdsId":"IP-104149","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0150.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guckian, Meaghan","contributorId":257672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guckian","given":"Meaghan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markowitz, Ezra","contributorId":257673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markowitz","given":"Ezra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Clay","contributorId":257674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Clay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiekebusch, Elsita","contributorId":257676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiekebusch","given":"Elsita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13595,"text":"NCSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemm, Toni","contributorId":257680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klemm","given":"Toni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52084,"text":"TX A&M","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Middleton, Lindsey","contributorId":257683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wootten, Adrienne","contributorId":257686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wootten","given":"Adrienne","affiliations":[{"id":52085,"text":"Univ. OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70220337,"text":"70220337 - 2021 - Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T12:56:29.014021","indexId":"70220337","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T07:53:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018","docAbstract":"As harmful algal blooms (HABs) increase in magnitude and duration worldwide, they are becoming an expanding threat to marine wildlife. Over the past decade, blooms of algae that produce the neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX) and documented concurrent seabird mortality events have increased bicoastally in the United States. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HAB related mortality events in California, Washington, and Rhode Island between 2007 and 2018 involving 12 species of seabirds, to document the levels, ranges, and patterns of DA and STX in eight sample types (kidney, liver, stomach, intestinal, cloacal, cecal contents, bile, blood) collected from birds during these events. Samples (n = 182) from 83 birds were examined for DA (n = 135) or STX (n = 17) or both toxins simultaneously (n = 30), using ELISA or LCMS at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA-NMFS) Wildlife Algal-toxin Research and Response Network (WARRN-West) or the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). DA or STX was detected in seven of the sample types with STX below the minimum detection limit in blood for the three samples tested. DA was found in 70% and STX was found in 23% of all tested samples. The ranges of detectable levels of DA and STX in all samples were 0.65–681,190.00 ng g−1 and 2.00–20.95 ng g−1, respectively. Cloacal contents from a Pacific loon (Gavia pacifica) collected in 2017 from Ventura County, California, had the highest maximum level of DA for all samples and species tested in this study. The highest level of STX for all samples and species was detected in the bile of a northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) collected in 2018 from San Luis Obispo County, California. DA detections were consistently found in gastrointestinal samples, liver, bile, and kidney, whereas STX detections were most frequently seen in liver and bile samples. Co-occurring HAB toxins (DA and STX) were detected in white-winged scoters (Melanitta deglandi) in 2009, a Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) in 2015, and a northern fulmar and common murre (Uria aalge) in 2018. This article provides DA and STX tissue concentrations and patterns in avian samples and shows the utility of various sample types for the detection of HAB toxins. Future research to understand the pharmacodynamics of these toxins in avian species and to establish lethal doses in various bird species would be beneficial.
Because fire retardant can enter streams and harm aquatic species including endangered fish, agencies such as the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) must estimate the downstream extent of toxic effects every time fire retardant enters streams (denoted as an “intrusion”). A challenge in estimating the length of stream affected by the intrusion and the exposure time of species in the affected reach is the lack of data typically available on the stream's geometry and flow characteristics. Previously, the USFS estimated the affected reach length assuming instantaneous mixing of the retardant over the reach; however, this approach neglects key river mixing processes. An approach is described that accounts for advection and dispersion of the retardant as well as the downstream growth of the stream. Applied to 13 intrusions documented by the USFS, the new approach shows affected reach lengths range between 8.0 and 362 km; all 13 cases exceeded previous estimates from an instantaneous mixing model. The time that a stationary individual in the affected reach is exposed to concentrations above a pre-defined toxicity threshold (10% of 96-hour LC50, for example) ranges from 0.17 to 2.73 h, with all but one case having a maximum exposure time less than 1.5 h. Results from 1152 hypothetical intrusions provided by the USFS confirm that exposure times rarely exceed 5 h. This result suggests that 96-hour tests to determine toxicity (LC50) to various species should be reconsidered. Although the approach described can be improved in several ways, it provides a first estimate of the effects of fire retardant intrusions.
Investigators rely on brood surveys to estimate annual fecundity of game birds. However, investigators often do not account for factors that influence brood detection probability nor rarely document how much females and their broods are disturbed (flush rates) during surveys, which could lead to biased survival estimates. We used 45 radio-tagged female Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) with broods to compare detection probabilities and document disturbance among four survey methods to allow future investigators to select the method that best meets their objectives. These methods included daytime flush, daytime visual, nocturnal spotlight, and fecal surveys at nocturnal roost sites, with the latter being a novel method. We used Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) models to compare detection probability and daily survival estimates for visual and fecal surveys of broods 0–47 d post-hatch and a double-survey approach to compare detection probabilities among flush, fecal, and spotlight surveys ~42 d post-hatch when investigators often determine brood fate. From CJS models, detection probability for visual surveys increased with brood age (0.618–0.881), whereas detection probability for fecal surveys did not (0.748). Daily survival probability estimates increased with brood age and differed annually based on fecal surveys (2016: 0.978–1.000 and 2017: 0.839–0.998). We detected age-specific daily survival probability with visual surveys (0.956–0.997), but not annual differences. Based on the double-survey approach, detection probability was high (0.857–1.000) for all methods. We flushed ~310–750% fewer females and broods during fecal and spotlight surveys than during both types of daytime surveys. Our results highlight the need to account for detection probabilities among methods and document disturbance to hens and broods that can help investigators design surveys to minimize impacts to birds. Furthermore, our result suggest that actions to improve brood survival during the first week post-hatch may improve local recruitment.
Madagascar, a country rich in natural capital and biodiversity but with high levels of poverty, food insecurity, and population growth, faces a number of development challenges, including obtaining sustained financial support from external sources and building internal capacity to address the poor environmental, health, and socio-economic conditions. Climate change poses an increasing threat to achieving development goals and is usually considered in development plans and project designs. However, there have been numerous challenges in the effective implementation of those plans, particularly in the sustained engagement of the communities to undertake adaptive actions but also due to insufficient scientific information to inform management decisions. To support the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in the incorporation of Climate Risk Management into their Country Development Cooperation Strategy, we synthesized the best available information on current and future climate change impacts. Climate risks in Madagascar include increasing temperatures, reduced and more variable precipitation, more frequent droughts, more intense cyclones, and rising sea levels. We synthesized the observed and projected impacts of these climatic changes on water resources, agriculture, coastal and terrestrial ecosystems and ecosystem services, fisheries, and human health. Through interviews with stakeholders in Madagascar, we also discerned ongoing and potential climate adaptation and mitigation activities and information gaps (production, access, exploitation, processing, dissemination of information). The information gathered can be used by USAID, NGOs, and other organizations on how to better incorporate climate risks into development strategies and projects in Madagascar.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Cushing, J.A., Weiskopf, S.R., Morelli, T.L., and Myers, B., 2021, A climate risk management screening and assessment review for Madagascar’s Country Development Cooperation Strategy: Project Summary, 59 p.","productDescription":"59 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121747","costCenters":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":390403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":390402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cascprojects.org/#/project/5050cb0ee4b0be20bb30eac0/60146056d34e162231feedc3"}],"country":"Madagascar","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[49.54352,-12.46983],[49.80898,-12.89528],[50.05651,-13.55576],[50.21743,-14.75879],[50.47654,-15.22651],[50.37711,-15.70607],[50.20027,-16.00026],[49.86061,-15.41425],[49.67261,-15.7102],[49.86334,-16.45104],[49.77456,-16.87504],[49.49861,-17.10604],[49.43562,-17.95306],[49.04179,-19.11878],[48.54854,-20.49689],[47.93075,-22.3915],[47.54772,-23.78196],[47.09576,-24.94163],[46.28248,-25.17846],[45.40951,-25.60143],[44.83357,-25.3461],[44.03972,-24.98835],[43.76377,-24.46068],[43.69778,-23.57412],[43.34565,-22.7769],[43.25419,-22.05741],[43.4333,-21.33648],[43.89368,-21.16331],[43.89637,-20.83046],[44.37433,-20.07237],[44.4644,-19.43545],[44.23242,-18.96199],[44.04298,-18.33139],[43.96308,-17.40994],[44.31247,-16.8505],[44.44652,-16.21622],[44.94494,-16.17937],[45.50273,-15.97437],[45.87299,-15.79345],[46.31224,-15.78002],[46.88218,-15.21018],[47.70513,-14.5943],[48.00521,-14.09123],[47.86905,-13.66387],[48.29383,-13.78407],[48.84506,-13.08917],[48.86351,-12.48787],[49.19465,-12.04056],[49.54352,-12.46983]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Madagascar\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cushing, Janet Alice 0000-0001-6494-8747","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6494-8747","contributorId":247514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cushing","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"Alice","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weiskopf, Sarah R. 0000-0002-5933-8191","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-8191","contributorId":207699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiskopf","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morelli, Toni Lyn 0000-0001-5865-5294 tmorelli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5865-5294","contributorId":197458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morelli","given":"Toni","email":"tmorelli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lyn","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, Bonnie 0000-0002-3170-2633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-2633","contributorId":219702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"Bonnie","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":807826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70223112,"text":"70223112 - 2021 - Identifying sources of contaminants in urban stormwater and evaluation of their removal efficacy across a continuum of urban best management practices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T17:12:48.868725","indexId":"70223112","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-31T12:01:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9141,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"title":"Identifying sources of contaminants in urban stormwater and evaluation of their removal efficacy across a continuum of urban best management practices","docAbstract":"Precipitation events in urban areas often result in stormwater runoff containing a diverse array of chemical contaminants. Although many traditional contaminants, such as nutrients, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been studied extensively, only recently has evidence emerged showing that trace organic compounds (TrOCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products and pesticides are frequently found in stormwater runoff. As there is little existing information about the sources of TrOCs in urban stormwater or their removal efficacy across a range of stormwater treatment options, we conducted a study to address these knowledge gaps and to characterize the potential contribution of TrOCs to groundwater resources from stormwater infiltration practices, based on several synoptic measurements. The current study allowed us to enhance an existing effort to assess TrOC presence and toxicity in stormwater runoff and treatment pond outflow by addressing questions related to TrOC sources to stormwater and TrOC transport to groundwaters.
Analysis of eDNA confirms multiple sources of TrOCs to stormwater including human sewage, dog waste, and feces from waterfowl. It is likely that the presence of some TrOCs detected in stormwater are the result of direct, untreated sewage inputs to stormwater from either human (i.e., leaking sewer infrastructure) or pet waste (washed from sidewalks into storm drains). The seasonal detection of avian eDNA is noteworthy as it highlights seasonality and patterns of migration patterns as contributing factors to stormwater contamination. In contrast to human and pet waste, which likely enters stormwater ponds via the stormwater conveyance system, avian feces may enter ponds either through stormwater runoff or through direct inputs by waterfowl stopping-over temporarily at stormwater ponds. Stormwater ponds had little effect in reducing TrOCs as determined by comparative inflow and outflow analysis. Our results also indicate that overall few TrOCs were present in receiving groundwater adjacent to underground infiltration basins, compared to inflow. However, some contaminants were present at relatively high concentrations compared to stormwater flowing into the basins. This is particularly true for pesticides and their degradants. Fewer TrOCs were detected in interstitial water collected near stormwater ponds compared to inflow and outflow. The presence and concentrations of TrOCs in outflow from ponds was generally similar to or higher than what was observed in inflow.
The data collected as part of this study can be used to guide future research or monitoring in an effort to better understand TrOC fate and transport in the environment via stormwater BMPs. Specifically, more work is needed to track parcels of water as they flow through BMPs to better quantify transport and degradation of TrOCs, monitor flow into and out of ponds for mass balance calculations, and conduct tracer tests to better quantify the amount of water that monitoring wells are intercepting from underground infiltration basins.
These results have been shared in multiple presentations and in meetings with high school teachers to develop age-appropriate curriculum to highlight the role of individuals in reducing and preventing stormwater contamination. The ongoing pandemic hindered some of these efforts (cancelled conferences; suspended MN Water Roundtable meetings; pre-occupation with teachers moving materials online), however, as dissemination activities become more common in the near future, we will continue to educate stakeholders and educators about the root causes and effects of urban stormwater contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Schoenfuss, H.L., Kiesling, R.L., Elliott, S.M., and Kohno, S., 2021, Identifying sources of contaminants in urban stormwater and evaluation of their removal efficacy across a continuum of urban best management practices: Final Report, 46 p.","productDescription":"46 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127948","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":387866,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":387830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wrc.umn.edu/sites/wrc.umn.edu/files/identifying_sources_of_contaminants_scsu_usgs_final_report_march_2021.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 44.95265089681472\n ],\n [\n -93.01162719726562,\n 44.95265089681472\n ],\n [\n -93.01162719726562,\n 45.22364447346731\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 45.22364447346731\n ],\n [\n -93.44970703125,\n 44.95265089681472\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":76409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":13317,"text":"Saint Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":821064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elliott, Sarah M. 0000-0002-1414-3024 selliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-3024","contributorId":1472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Sarah","email":"selliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":821009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kohno, Satomi","contributorId":264174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kohno","given":"Satomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":821066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70220351,"text":"70220351 - 2021 - Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Ontario, 2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-17T16:26:24.023002","indexId":"70220351","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-31T11:21:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Ontario, 2020","docAbstract":"Each year we report on the progress toward rehabilitation of the Lake Ontario lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population, including the results of stocking, annual assessment surveys, creel surveys, and evidence of natural reproduction observed from standard surveys performed by USGS and NYSDEC. Response to the COVID-19 pandemic limited survey effort such that spring and summer bottom trawl surveys and the creel survey were not completed in 2020, and sites sampled during the fall gillnet survey were limited to those east of Rochester, NY. The catch per unit effort of adult lake trout in gill nets increased each year from 2008-2014, recovering from historic lows recorded during 2005-2007. Adult abundances declined each year from 2015 to 2017; and in 2017 were about 35% below the 2014 peak and 17% below the 1999-2004 mean. Adult abundance increased in 2018 by 51% over the 2017 value and remained nearly stable between 2018 and 2020. The 2020 rate of wounding by sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) on lake trout caught in gill nets was 2.27 A1 wounds (fresh wound) per 100 lake trout and was near target (2 wounds per 100 lake trout). Condition values for adult lake trout, indexed in September from the predicted weight for a 700 mm lake trout from annual length-weight regressions and Fulton’s K for age-6 males, were among the highest levels observed for the 1983-2020 time series. Reproductive potential for the adult stock indexed from the CPUE of mature females ≥ 4000 g was again above the target in 2020 continuing a trend observed in nine of the last ten years. 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