{"pageNumber":"5123","pageRowStart":"128050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70013742,"text":"70013742 - 1984 - The 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-17T16:57:27.209174","indexId":"70013742","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The Morgan Hill, California, earthquake (magnitude 6.1) of 24 April 1984 ruptured a 30-kilometer-long segment of the Calaveras fault zone to the east of San Jose. Although it was recognized in 1980 that an earthquake of magnitude 6 occurred on this segment in 1911 and that a repeat of this event might reasonably be expected, no short-term precursors were noted and so the time of the 1984 earthquake was not predicted. Unilateral rupture propagation toward the south-southeast and an energetic late source of seismic radiation located near the southeast end of the rupture zone contributed to the highly focused pattern of strong motion, including an exceptionally large horizontal acceleration of 1.29g at a site on a dam abutment near the southeast end of the rupture zone.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.225.4659.288","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bakun, W.H., Clark, M.M., Cockerham, R., Ellsworth, W., Lindh, A., Prescott, W., Shakal, A., and Spudich, P., 1984, The 1984 Morgan Hill, California, earthquake: Science, v. 225, no. 4659, p. 288-291, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.225.4659.288.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"288","endPage":"291","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220392,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Morgan Hill","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.67997194384967,\n              37.15785438793927\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67997194384967,\n              37.11621667214587\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62087504633425,\n              37.11621667214587\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62087504633425,\n              37.15785438793927\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.67997194384967,\n              37.15785438793927\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"225","issue":"4659","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba62be4b08c986b320f2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakun, W. H.","contributorId":67055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bakun","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, M. M.","contributorId":41877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cockerham, R.S.","contributorId":21421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cockerham","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellsworth, W.L.","contributorId":48541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lindh, A.G.","contributorId":24784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Prescott, W.H.","contributorId":96337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prescott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shakal, A.F.","contributorId":70156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shakal","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":5221908,"text":"5221908 - 1984 - Larval dermestid beetles feeding on nestling snail kites, wood storks, and great blue herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-05T18:51:48.212625","indexId":"5221908","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Larval dermestid beetles feeding on nestling snail kites, wood storks, and great blue herons","docAbstract":"<p><span>In recent years abdominal lesions attributable to larval dermestid beetles (</span><i>Dermestes nidum</i><span>) have appeared in nestling Snail (Everglade) Kites (</span><i>Rostrhamus sociabilis</i><span>), Wood Storks (</span><i>Mycteria americana</i><span>), and Great Blue Herons (</span><i>Ardea herodias</i><span>). Although it appears that most nestlings affected have survived, the degree of threat posed by dermestid larvae to various avian species is as yet unclear.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.2307/1367035","usgsCitation":"Snyder, N., Ogden, J., Bittner, J., and Grau, G., 1984, Larval dermestid beetles feeding on nestling snail kites, wood storks, and great blue herons: Condor, v. 86, no. 2, p. 170-174, https://doi.org/10.2307/1367035.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"174","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snyder, N.F.R.","contributorId":59383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"N.F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ogden, J.C.","contributorId":78678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogden","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bittner, J.D.","contributorId":48509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bittner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grau, G.A.","contributorId":50850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grau","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221910,"text":"5221910 - 1984 - Pesticide, PCB, and lead residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 32 states - 1978-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-31T16:41:19.038799","indexId":"5221910","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-16T12:19:26","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pesticide, PCB, and lead residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 32 states - 1978-81","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 1978–81, 293 bald eagles (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Haliaeetus leucocephalus</i><span>) from 32 states were necropsied and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and lead residues. DDE was found in all carcasses; PCB, DDD, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">trans</i><span>-nonachlor, dieldrin and oxychlordane were next in order of percent frequency of detection. The median levels of DDE and PCB have declined when compared with previous collections. Five specimens contained high levels of dieldrin in their brains which may have contributed to their deaths. Seventeen eagles contained liver lead residues greater than 10 ppm and probably died of lead poisoning. Trauma and shooting are the most common causes of death.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00394177","usgsCitation":"Reichel, W.L., Schmeling, S.K., Cromartie, E., Kaiser, T., Krynitsky, A.J., Lamont, T.G., Mulhern, B., Prouty, R.M., Stafford, C.J., and Swineford, D.M., 1984, Pesticide, PCB, and lead residues and necropsy data for bald eagles from 32 states - 1978-81: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 4, no. 4, p. 395-403, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394177.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"403","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193440,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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L.","contributorId":50482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmeling, Shelia K.","contributorId":98673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmeling","given":"Shelia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cromartie, E.","contributorId":13926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cromartie","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krynitsky, A. J.","contributorId":73954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krynitsky","given":"A.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lamont, T. G.","contributorId":51252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mulhern, B.M.","contributorId":98683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulhern","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prouty, R. M.","contributorId":31349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stafford, C. J.","contributorId":65429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Swineford, D. M.","contributorId":106839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swineford","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":5221977,"text":"5221977 - 1984 - Effects of heptachlor- and lindane-treated seed on Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T11:59:37","indexId":"5221977","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-16T12:19:19","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of heptachlor- and lindane-treated seed on Canada geese","docAbstract":"A study of Canada geese (B. canadensis) was conducted in the Pacific Northwest from 1978 through 1981. Lowered reproductive success, mortality of adults, and a population decline of resident western Canada geese (B. c. moffitti) at the Umatilla National Wildlife Refuge (Umatilla NWR) Oregon and Washington [USA] were associated with the use of heptachlor-treated wheat. Analyses of eggs and tissues from dead geese provided strong evidence that heptachlor was responsible for the mortality and decreased production. Residues of heptachlor epoxide (HE) in brains of B. c. moffitti found dead in 1978 and 1979 equalled or exceeded the lethal hazard zone of 8-9 .mu.g/g in experimental passerine birds; HE residues of > 10 .mu.g/g in sample eggs were associated with low nest success. The breeding population of Canada geese at Umatilla decreased from 129 pairs in 1974 to about 100 pairs in 1979. The heptachlor problem was restricted to the Umatilla area; HE residues were low in tissues and eggs collected at other sites in Oregon, Washington and Idaho. In Sept., 1979, the use of heptachlor-treated seed was banned in a 1700-km2 area that encompassed both sides of the Columbia River near Umatilla. Lindane was substituted for heptachlor in the restricted area in 1979, and its use was extended to much of the Columbia Basin in 1981. Concurrently, reproductive success of geese increased, mortality decreased, and the nesting population increased to 170 pairs by 1983. There was no evidence for either biomagnification of lindance residues from treated seed to goose tissues or eggs or for induction of adverse effects by this compound.","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3801771","usgsCitation":"Blus, L.J., Henny, C.J., Lenhart, D., and Kaiser, T., 1984, Effects of heptachlor- and lindane-treated seed on Canada geese: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 4, p. 1097-1111, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801771.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1111","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":18197,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3801771","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.0306396484375,\n              45.72152152227954\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.95922851562501,\n              45.57944511437787\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.860595703125,\n              45.57560020947802\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.44335937499999,\n              45.80199916666154\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8116455078125,\n              45.98169518512228\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.927001953125,\n              46.210249600187225\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.1741943359375,\n              46.214050815339526\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0306396484375,\n              45.72152152227954\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.245361328125,\n              47.28295557691231\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.97619628906249,\n              47.45037978769006\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1904296875,\n              47.48008846346322\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.157470703125,\n              47.70606513569572\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.7015380859375,\n              48.026672195436014\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8553466796875,\n              48.188063481211415\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.39916992187499,\n              47.59875528481801\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4046630859375,\n              47.45037978769006\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.245361328125,\n              47.28295557691231\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ae4b07f02db61214e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blus, L. J.","contributorId":38116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blus","given":"L.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenhart, D.J.","contributorId":25261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenhart","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kaiser, T. E.","contributorId":75486,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5221969,"text":"5221969 - 1984 - Contaminants in wood stork eggs and their effects on reproduction, Florida, 1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-20T12:45:54.026531","indexId":"5221969","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-16T12:19:19","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1272,"text":"Colonial Waterbirds","printIssn":"07386028","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contaminants in wood stork eggs and their effects on reproduction, Florida, 1982","docAbstract":"One egg was removed from five Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) nests at each of eight colonies in central and northern Florida in 1982. DDE and mercury were present in all eggs with concentrations ranging up to 9.4 and 0.73 ppm wet weight, respectively. PCBs were detected in 25 eggs (63%) with a high value of 3.5 ppm. Other organochlorine compounds occurred in less than 30% of the eggs. Contaminant concentrations were remarkably similar among colonies. Overall, DDE and PCB concentrations were significantly less (P < 0.05) in Wood Stork eggs collected in Florida in 1982 vs. those collected in 1973.\t      DDE was negatively correlated with eggshell thickness (r = -0.48  P <.0.01). Eggshell thickness was greater in 1982 than it was during the period 1967-73 (P.< 0.09) but was still 4.3% less than in eggs collected before 1947 (P < 0.05).      Eggs from nests with less than 100% hatching success were linked with higher DDE concentrations (2.92 ppm vs 1.01; P = 0.09), but contaminants showed no significant link to fledging success. Although it is possible that a few individuals may have been affected by DDE, we found no evidence that organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, or mercury were significantly depressing Wood Stork populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Waterbird Society","doi":"10.2307/1521086","usgsCitation":"Fleming, W.J., Rodgers, J., and Stafford, C.J., 1984, Contaminants in wood stork eggs and their effects on reproduction, Florida, 1982: Colonial Waterbirds, v. 7, no. 1, p. 88-93, https://doi.org/10.2307/1521086.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"88","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195950,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":5221963,"text":"5221963 - 1984 - Brain cholinesterase activity in fledgling starlings: Implications for monitoring exposure of songbirds to ChE inhibitors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-21T12:47:46","indexId":"5221963","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-16T12:18:37","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1103,"text":"Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Brain cholinesterase activity in fledgling starlings: Implications for monitoring exposure of songbirds to ChE inhibitors","docAbstract":"<p>Exposure of songbirds to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides is often determined by comparing the brain cholinesterase (ChE) activity of individuals that have been exposed with that of unexposed birds of the same species (e.g., see Busby et al. 1981, 1982; Hamilton et al. 1981). Knowledge of the normal pattern of ChE development in the brains of nestling and fledgling passerines is a necessary prerequisite for monitoring exposure to ChE inhibitors, and assessing the impacts of these inhibitors on the reproductive success and survival of songbirds. In a previous study, Grue et al. (1981) reported that ChE activity in the brains of wild nestling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), 3 to 18 days old, varied significantly with age and appeared to increase toward adult levels at a constant rate. Grue et al. (1981) hypothesized that if brain ChE activity continued to develop at a constant rate, levels in the brains of fledgling starlings about 28 days old would be comparable to those in the brains of adults. The present study was conducted to test this hypothesis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/bf01607499","usgsCitation":"Grue, C., and Hunter, C., 1984, Brain cholinesterase activity in fledgling starlings: Implications for monitoring exposure of songbirds to ChE inhibitors: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 32, no. 3, p. 282-289, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01607499.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197289,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcddc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grue, C.E.","contributorId":86446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grue","given":"C.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunter, C.C.","contributorId":87244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175808,"text":"70175808 - 1984 - Areal lithologic changes in bedrock aquifers in southeastern Minnesota as determined from natural-gamma borehole logs methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:16:32","indexId":"70175808","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-12T11:45:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Areal lithologic changes in bedrock aquifers in southeastern Minnesota as determined from natural-gamma borehole logs methods","docAbstract":"<p>Sedimentary rocks of Paleozoic age in the Hollandale embayment in southeastern Minnesota are as much as 2,000 feet thick and, with the underlying Hinckley sandstone of Proterozoic age, comprise the following five layered aquifers (beginning with the oldest): the Mount Simon-Hinckley, Ironton-Galesville, Prairie du Chien-Jordan, St. Peter and Upper Carbonate. Many of the Paleozoic formations show transitional facies changes from a deep marine depositional environment in the middle of the embayment to a near shore environment along the periphery. Borehole natural-gamma logs were collected to investigate the effects of regional lithologic changes on the hydrology of the Ironton-Galesville, Prairie du Chien-Jordan and St. Peter aquifers.</p>\n<p>Interpretation of natural-gamma logs shows that a fine-grained sandstone at the base of the Galesville sandstone (basal part of the Ironton-Galesville aquifer) thickens toward the central part of the embayment, which may account for the decrease in hydraulic conductivity of the Ironton-Galesville aquifer in that direction.</p>\n<p>The Jordan sandstone, which underlies the Prairie du Chien Group, consists of three members in southeastern Minnesota: the basal Norwalk member, a silty, fine-grained sandstone; the middle Van Oser member, a coarse- to medium-grained quartzose sandstone; and the upper Sunset Point member, a clayey dolomitic sandstone. The Norwalk and Van Oser members were identified by interpretation of natural-gamma logs. Hydraulic conductivity of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer generally is highest in the Twin City basin (50 feet per day) where the Van Oser is the predominant member; it is lowest to the east and southeast (25 feet per day) where the Norwalk member thickens.</p>\n<p>Interpretation of natural-gamma logs indicates that the shaley and silty sandstones that comprise the basal St. Peter confining bed, which separates the St. Peter and Prairie du Chien aquifers, are as much as 80 feet thick in the Twin City basin, but are absent in the southern part of the embayment. Differences in potentiometric head across the basal St. Peter are about 30 feet in the Twin City basin where the confining bed is present but only 5 to 10 feet to the south where the confining bed is absent and where the St. Peter aquifer directly overlies the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer.</p>","conferenceTitle":"Conference on Surface and Borehole Geophysical Investigations","conferenceDate":"February 7-9, 1984","conferenceLocation":"San Antonio, Texas","language":"English","publisher":"National Water Well Association/Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1984, Areal lithologic changes in bedrock aquifers in southeastern Minnesota as determined from natural-gamma borehole logs methods, Conference on Surface and Borehole Geophysical Investigations, San Antonio, Texas, February 7-9, 1984, p. 788-800.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"788","endPage":"800","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.1289,45.4153],[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-92.7894,45.297],[-92.7439,45.2963],[-92.7516,45.2935],[-92.7551,45.2927],[-92.7583,45.2904],[-92.7597,45.2872],[-92.7604,45.2845],[-92.7591,45.2794],[-92.7559,45.2739],[-92.7527,45.2694],[-92.7515,45.2657],[-92.7526,45.2626],[-92.7535,45.2584],[-92.7561,45.2541],[-92.7575,45.2502],[-92.7569,45.2443],[-92.7557,45.2397],[-92.7553,45.2356],[-92.7538,45.2305],[-92.7536,45.2276],[-92.7521,45.2236],[-92.752,45.2196],[-92.7527,45.2168],[-92.7546,45.2136],[-92.7573,45.2107],[-92.7603,45.2065],[-92.7619,45.2041],[-92.7632,45.2009],[-92.7637,45.1972],[-92.764,45.1895],[-92.7629,45.1853],[-92.7557,45.178],[-92.7522,45.1759],[-92.7493,45.173],[-92.748,45.1698],[-92.7472,45.1634],[-92.7483,45.1597],[-92.7475,45.1551],[-92.7473,45.1515],[-92.7484,45.1483],[-92.749,45.1419],[-92.7484,45.1373],[-92.7441,45.1264],[-92.7415,45.1172],[-92.7422,45.1135],[-92.7446,45.11],[-92.7467,45.1076],[-92.7513,45.1045],[-92.7591,45.0999],[-92.7624,45.0972],[-92.7803,45.0849],[-92.7847,45.083],[-92.7885,45.0806],[-92.7917,45.0791],[-92.795,45.0772],[-92.7982,45.0746],[-92.8001,45.0723],[-92.8019,45.0647],[-92.8016,45.0597],[-92.8005,45.0567],[-92.7984,45.0531],[-92.7952,45.0499],[-92.7926,45.0481],[-92.7881,45.0453],[-92.7837,45.0421],[-92.7745,45.0373],[-92.7707,45.0344],[-92.7683,45.0325],[-92.7645,45.0265],[-92.7639,45.0237],[-92.7639,45.0196],[-92.7682,45.0005],[-92.7694,44.9909],[-92.7686,44.9796],[-92.7646,44.9711],[-92.7547,44.9571],[-92.7527,44.9527],[-92.7523,44.9481],[-92.753,44.9369],[-92.7534,44.9237],[-92.7547,44.9159],[-92.7569,44.9105],[-92.7606,44.9068],[-92.7645,44.9046],[-92.767,44.9039],[-92.7707,44.9023],[-92.7729,44.901],[-92.775,44.8982],[-92.7738,44.8933],[-92.7689,44.8848],[-92.7632,44.8759],[-92.7628,44.8716],[-92.763,44.8671],[-92.7644,44.8622],[-92.7682,44.8554],[-92.7683,44.853],[-92.7671,44.8494],[-92.7652,44.8462],[-92.7646,44.8423],[-92.7644,44.8382],[-92.766,44.8308],[-92.7679,44.8265],[-92.7719,44.8211],[-92.7751,44.8161],[-92.7784,44.8125],[-92.7801,44.8095],[-92.781,44.8056],[-92.7823,44.8029],[-92.783,44.7966],[-92.7858,44.7893],[-92.7909,44.7842],[-92.7993,44.7765],[-92.802,44.7729],[-92.8046,44.7683],[-92.8059,44.7624],[-92.8073,44.7524],[-92.8061,44.7483],[-92.8054,44.7473],[-92.8022,44.7446],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.5259,44.5466],[-93.9091,44.5446],[-93.9117,44.5492],[-93.9078,44.5528],[-93.9027,44.5524],[-93.9008,44.5492],[-93.8956,44.5483],[-93.8937,44.5515],[-93.8963,44.5561],[-93.9008,44.5606],[-93.8996,44.5647],[-93.8957,44.5675],[-93.8958,44.5711],[-93.8996,44.5743],[-93.8958,44.5775],[-93.8939,44.5807],[-93.8959,44.5871],[-93.8991,44.5903],[-93.8908,44.5962],[-93.8857,44.5967],[-93.8838,44.6012],[-93.878,44.6013],[-93.878,44.6077],[-93.8716,44.6063],[-93.8658,44.6063],[-93.8569,44.6168],[-93.8563,44.6218],[-93.8505,44.6219],[-93.8447,44.6201],[-93.8422,44.6233],[-93.8358,44.6242],[-93.8319,44.6251],[-93.8217,44.6297],[-93.8031,44.6366],[-93.7999,44.6361],[-93.7967,44.6343],[-93.7935,44.6311],[-93.7883,44.632],[-93.78,44.6362],[-93.7768,44.6385],[-93.7729,44.6366],[-93.7723,44.6325],[-93.7691,44.6312],[-93.7665,44.6362],[-93.7685,44.6417],[-93.7686,44.675],[-93.8887,44.6756],[-93.8902,44.7185],[-94.0104,44.719],[-94.0085,44.8947],[-94.0136,44.8951],[-94.0117,44.9796],[-93.7692,44.9789],[-93.7702,45.0734],[-93.7663,45.077],[-93.7631,45.0839],[-93.7534,45.0853],[-93.7399,45.0894],[-93.7341,45.0922],[-93.7322,45.0963],[-93.7257,45.1022],[-93.7225,45.11],[-93.72,45.1205],[-93.7155,45.1269],[-93.7019,45.1374],[-93.6852,45.1489],[-93.6793,45.1525],[-93.6716,45.1562],[-93.6574,45.1585],[-93.6554,45.1599],[-93.6529,45.1631],[-93.6503,45.169],[-93.6516,45.1841],[-93.6549,45.1905],[-93.6555,45.1969],[-93.6562,45.201],[-93.6471,45.2079],[-93.6387,45.2074],[-93.6361,45.206],[-93.6329,45.2056],[-93.6258,45.2092],[-93.6167,45.2115],[-93.6096,45.2111],[-93.6031,45.2111],[-93.5967,45.2134],[-93.5857,45.2189],[-93.5792,45.2189],[-93.5734,45.2202],[-93.5676,45.2225],[-93.5617,45.2289],[-93.554,45.2298],[-93.5462,45.2289],[-93.5371,45.2294],[-93.5332,45.2317],[-93.5197,45.2417],[-93.5158,45.2458],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163]]]},\"properties\"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D. 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,{"id":70175429,"text":"70175429 - 1984 - The study of buried drift aquifers in Minnesota by seismic geophysical methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T12:17:11","indexId":"70175429","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-12T10:15:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":375,"text":"Open-File Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"The study of buried drift aquifers in Minnesota by seismic geophysical methods","docAbstract":"<p>Buried-drift aquifers are stratified sand and (or) gravel aquifers in glacial deposits that cannot be seen or inferred at the land surface. During the Pleistocene Epoch, four continental glaciations advanced and retreated across Minnesota, blanketing the bedrock surface with drift as much as 700 feet thick (fig. 1). Most of the drift consists of till, an unsorted, un-stratified mixture of clay silt, sand, and gravel that usually is not considered to be an aquifer. Permeable, stratified sand and gravel, deposited as outwash, alluvium, and (or) ice-contact deposits usually during an earlier glacial episode and subsequently covered (buried) with till, form the buried-drift aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/70175429","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1984, The study of buried drift aquifers in Minnesota by seismic geophysical methods: Open-File Report, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70175429.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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C.","contributorId":21162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38607,"text":"pp1228B - 1984 - Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California; Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T19:00:37.652378","indexId":"pp1228B","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1228","chapter":"B","title":"Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California; Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1228B","usgsCitation":"Moore, E.J., 1984, Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California; Propeamussiidae and Pectinidae: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1228, iv, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1228B.","productDescription":"iv, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":399993,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_114687.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":113206,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1228b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170417,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1228b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, Baja California Sur, California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              22.776181505086505\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              23.36242859340884\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.25878906249999,\n              24.78673454198888\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.73095703125,\n              26.80446076654616\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.15917968749999,\n              29.38217507514529\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.9501953125,\n              29.6880527498568\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              30.90222470517144\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.93896484374999,\n              31.409912194070973\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76318359375,\n              31.765537409484374\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              32.62087018318113\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.41162109375,\n              32.95336814579932\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.697265625,\n              33.33970700424026\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.12597656249999,\n              34.32529192442733\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.6533203125,\n              35.0120020431607\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              39.095962936305476\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.0146484375,\n              42.049292638686836\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.56298828125001,\n              40.17887331434696\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.9482421875,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.4541015625,\n              33.97980872872457\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.32275390624999,\n              32.32427558887655\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8505859375,\n              31.653381399664\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.68603515624999,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.27978515625,\n              28.265682390146477\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.68603515624999,\n              28.43971381702788\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.47753906249999,\n              27.078691552927534\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.4560546875,\n              26.03704188651584\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.54394531249999,\n              24.50714328310284\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.654296875,\n              23.664650731631614\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.06103515625,\n              22.776181505086505\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.86328125,\n              22.776181505086505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad9e4b07f02db684f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Ellen James","contributorId":37742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013349,"text":"70013349 - 1984 - Time-domain reflectometry: Simultaneous measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity with a single probe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:32:26.219875","indexId":"70013349","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Time-domain reflectometry: Simultaneous measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity with a single probe","docAbstract":"Two parallel metallic rods were used as a wave guide to measure the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of soils having different electrical conductivities but the same water content. Measurements showed that the two parameters were sufficiently independent to permit simultaneous determinations of water content and bulk electrical conductivity.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.224.4652.989","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Dalton, F., Herkelrath, W., Rawlins, D., and Rhoades, J., 1984, Time-domain reflectometry: Simultaneous measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity with a single probe: Science, v. 224, no. 4652, p. 989-990, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4652.989.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"990","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220087,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"4652","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb3c2e4b08c986b325fac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dalton, F.N.","contributorId":58283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalton","given":"F.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rawlins, D.S.","contributorId":10152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlins","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhoades, J.D.","contributorId":91623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhoades","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70185602,"text":"70185602 - 1984 - Reply [to “Comment on ‘Identifying sources of groundwater pollution: An optimization approach’ by Steven M. Gorelick, Barbara Evans, and Irwin Remson”]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:45:12","indexId":"70185602","displayToPublicDate":"1984-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply [to “Comment on ‘Identifying sources of groundwater pollution: An optimization approach’ by Steven M. Gorelick, Barbara Evans, and Irwin Remson”]","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR020i006p00745","usgsCitation":"Gorelick, S.M., Evans, B., and Remson, I., 1984, Reply [to “Comment on ‘Identifying sources of groundwater pollution: An optimization approach’ by Steven M. Gorelick, Barbara Evans, and Irwin Remson”]: Water Resources Research, v. 20, no. 6, p. 745-745, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i006p00745.","productDescription":"1 p. ","startPage":"745","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303de4b05ec79913110b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorelick, Steven M.","contributorId":8784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Barbara","contributorId":189808,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Remson, Irwin","contributorId":89115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Remson","given":"Irwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012885,"text":"70012885 - 1984 - Seismic potential revealed by surface folding: 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:51:38.109054","indexId":"70012885","displayToPublicDate":"1984-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic potential revealed by surface folding: 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The 2 May 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake (magnitude 6.5) failed to rupture through surface deposits and, instead, elastically folded the top few kilometers of the crust. The subsurface rate of fault slip and the earthquake repeat time are estimated from seismic, geodetic, and geologic data. Three larger earthquakes (up to magnitude 7.5) during the past 20 years are also shown to have struck on reverse faults concealed beneath active folds.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.224.4651.869","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Stein, R., and King, G., 1984, Seismic potential revealed by surface folding: 1983 Coalinga, California, earthquake: Science, v. 224, no. 4651, p. 869-872, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4651.869.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"869","endPage":"872","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Coalinga","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.50649916410444,\n              36.24324425094643\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50649916410444,\n              36.05662697531848\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.24670967137163,\n              36.05662697531848\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.24670967137163,\n              36.24324425094643\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.50649916410444,\n              36.24324425094643\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"224","issue":"4651","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b35e4b08c986b317685","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, G.C.P.","contributorId":18510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"G.C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014029,"text":"70014029 - 1984 - Mineralogic evidence for an impact event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:47:26.995723","indexId":"70014029","displayToPublicDate":"1984-05-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogic evidence for an impact event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"A thin claystone layer found in nonmarine rocks at the palynological Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in eastern Montana contains an anomalously high value of iridium. The nonclay fraction is mostly quartz with minor feldspar, and some of these grains display planar features. These planar features are related to specific crystallographic directions in the quartz lattice. The shocked quartz grains also exhibit asterism and have lowered refractive indices. All these mineralogical features are characteristic of shock metamorphism and are compelling evidence that the shocked grains are the product of a high velocity impact between a large extraterrestrial body and the earth. The shocked minerals represent silicic target material injected into the stratosphere by the impact of the projectile.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.224.4651.867","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Bohor, B., Foord, E., Modreski, P., and Triplehorn, D.M., 1984, Mineralogic evidence for an impact event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Science, v. 224, no. 4651, p. 867-869, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4651.867.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"867","endPage":"869","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"4651","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5a8be4b0c8380cd6ef59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohor, B.F.","contributorId":96351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohor","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foord, E.E.","contributorId":86835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foord","given":"E.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Triplehorn, Don M.","contributorId":73211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triplehorn","given":"Don","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70210052,"text":"70210052 - 1984 - Brief comparison of some technological and environmental aspects of large-scale surface and underground mining of oil shale, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-13T13:04:49.259917","indexId":"70210052","displayToPublicDate":"1984-05-12T12:10:01","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Brief comparison of some technological and environmental aspects of large-scale surface and underground mining of oil shale, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\">Comparison of several aspects of surface and underground methods of mining for large-scale oil shale extraction in the Piceance Creek Basin suggests that surface mining techniques may have several advantages over underground methods. For a production level of one million barrels of shale oil per day, potential advantages include those related to economics, environmental effects, and the overall national interest. One million barrels of shale oil per day could be produced from 2-3 large surface mines compared to perhaps 10-20 large underground mines. Fewer surface mines would result in: (1) fewer roads and utility corridors, (2) less acres disturbed per barrel of oil pro duced, (3) reduced detrimental effects on ground water and surface water, (4) less wildlife distur bance, (5) a safer overall operation, (6) a greater opportunity to achieve stable long-term land and water reclamation, (7) potential economic advantages related to scale and materials handling, and (8) a three- to five-fold increase in resource recovery. Advantages to underground (including modified in situ [MIS]) mines include: (1) more flexibility of mine siting, (2) mining and handling a minimum of waste rock, and (3) simplified ore grade control for processing.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"17th oil shale symposium proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"17th oil shale symposium proceedings","conferenceDate":"April 16-18, 1984","conferenceLocation":"Golden, Colorado ","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Miller, G., Dyni, J.R., and Dietz, D., 1984, Brief comparison of some technological and environmental aspects of large-scale surface and underground mining of oil shale, Piceance Creek Basin, Colorado, <i>in</i> 17th oil shale symposium proceedings, v. 17, Golden, Colorado , April 16-18, 1984, p. 269-278.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"269","endPage":"278","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374685,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Piceance Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.8690185546875,\n              40.03182061333687\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.60009765625,\n              40.03182061333687\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.60009765625,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.8690185546875,\n              40.643135583312805\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.8690185546875,\n              40.03182061333687\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, G.A.","contributorId":107671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dyni, John R. jdyni@usgs.gov","contributorId":756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyni","given":"John","email":"jdyni@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":788930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietz, D.R.","contributorId":105830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietz","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70209999,"text":"70209999 - 1984 - A seismic refraction study of the Oregon Cascades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-08T15:05:09.438622","indexId":"70209999","displayToPublicDate":"1984-05-10T10:00:31","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A seismic refraction study of the Oregon Cascades","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>A 275‐km‐long reversed refraction profile in the Oregon Cascades, two shallow earthquakes of magnitude 5 in southern Washington, a shallow earthquake of magnitude 4.6 in northern California, and a previously published analysis of the Bouguer gravity field are used to develop a crustal<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>wave velocity model for the Oregon Cascades. Travel time analysis of the refraction profile indicates a crustal structure characterized by surface layers with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>wave velocities that vary from 2.9 to 5.2 km/s and thicknesses that vary from 2.5 to 5.0 km, upper crustal velocities of 6.1 to 6.5 km/s between the depths of 3 and 29 km, lower crustal velocities near 7.0 km/s between the depths of 29 and 44 km, and a mantle reflector at a depth of 44 km. Comparison with synthetic seismograms supports this structure and shows that the lower crustal and Mono transitions can be better modeled by continuous velocity gradients than by first‐order discontinuities. Arrival times from two shallow earthquakes in southern Washington in 1981 across 14 telemetry stations in the Oregon Cascades show an apparent velocity of 7.62 km/s. On the basis of a previously published gravity analysis, the mean north‐south component of the dip to the crust‐mantle boundary is estimated at 1° down dip to the south. The apparent velocity from the earthquakes and the dip estimate from gravity indicate that the true<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Pn</i><span>&nbsp;</span>velocity is 7.70 km/s. Arrival times from a shallow earthquake in northern California in 1978 across telemetry stations in the Washington Cascades are consistent with this model and indicate that the upper mantle velocity reaches 8.20 km/s at a depth of approximately 100 km.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB05p03121","usgsCitation":"Leaver, D.S., Mooney, W.D., and Kohler, W., 1984, A seismic refraction study of the Oregon Cascades: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. B5, p. 3121-3134, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB05p03121.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"3121","endPage":"3134","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.04687499999999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.498046875,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.498046875,\n              45.99696161820381\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04687499999999,\n              45.99696161820381\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.04687499999999,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"89","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leaver, Donald S.","contributorId":224614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leaver","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":788758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kohler, W.M.","contributorId":62999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohler","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":788759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170350,"text":"70170350 - 1984 - Effects of an urban wetland on sediment and nutrient loads in runoff","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T11:32:52","indexId":"70170350","displayToPublicDate":"1984-05-01T17:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of an urban wetland on sediment and nutrient loads in runoff","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">An urban wetland in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metropolitan Area was found to retain sediment and nutrient loads in runoff routed through the wetland. Sediment and nutrient loads in runoff were measured during 1982 at the inlet and outlet of the 6.4-bectare urban wetland. Comparison of annual loads entering and leaving the wetland showed that retention of incoming loads in the wetland was 97 percent of nonvolatile suspended solids, 76 percent of volatile suspended solids, 48 percent of total phosphorus, 4 percent of dissolved phosphorus, 3 percent of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen, 1 percent of total ammonia nitrogen, and 47 percent of total organic nitrogen. Flow volume was increased on an annual average basis by 5 percent between the wetland inlet and oulet. Most retention of sediment and nutrient loads occurred between late April and mid-July.</p>\n<p class=\"Para\">Retention of sediment and nutrient loads in the wetland was associated with sedimentation processes. Dissolved nutrients generally were not retained in the wetland because the residence time of water passing through was not long enough for removal by biological processes. Effectiveness of the wetland in retaining sediment and nutrient loads in runoff varies annually. Long-term and short-term impacts of the retention of sediment and nutrients in the wetland on wetland flora and fauna are unknown.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Wetland Scientists","publisherLocation":"McClean, VA","doi":"10.1007/BF03160493","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1984, Effects of an urban wetland on sediment and nutrient loads in runoff: Wetlands, v. 4, no. 1, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03160493.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Twin Cities Metropolitan Area","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.5093,45.4163],[-93.1289,45.4153],[-93.0186,45.4131],[-93.0188,45.2984],[-92.7894,45.297],[-92.7439,45.2963],[-92.7516,45.2935],[-92.7551,45.2927],[-92.7583,45.2904],[-92.7597,45.2872],[-92.7604,45.2845],[-92.7591,45.2794],[-92.7559,45.2739],[-92.7527,45.2694],[-92.7515,45.2657],[-92.7526,45.2626],[-92.7535,45.2584],[-92.7561,45.2541],[-92.7575,45.2502],[-92.7569,45.2443],[-92.7557,45.2397],[-92.7553,45.2356],[-92.7538,45.2305],[-92.7536,45.2276],[-92.7521,45.2236],[-92.752,45.2196],[-92.7527,45.2168],[-92.7546,45.2136],[-92.7573,45.2107],[-92.7603,45.2065],[-92.7619,45.2041],[-92.7632,45.2009],[-92.7637,45.1972],[-92.764,45.1895],[-92.7629,45.1853],[-92.7557,45.178],[-92.7522,45.1759],[-92.7493,45.173],[-92.748,45.1698],[-92.7472,45.1634],[-92.7483,45.1597],[-92.7475,45.1551],[-92.7473,45.1515],[-92.7484,45.1483],[-92.749,45.1419],[-92.7484,45.1373],[-92.7441,45.1264],[-92.7415,45.1172],[-92.7422,45.1135],[-92.7446,45.11],[-92.7467,45.1076],[-92.7513,45.1045],[-92.7591,45.0999],[-92.7624,45.0972],[-92.7803,45.0849],[-92.7847,45.083],[-92.7885,45.0806],[-92.7917,45.0791],[-92.795,45.0772],[-92.7982,45.0746],[-92.8001,45.0723],[-92.8019,45.0647],[-92.8016,45.0597],[-92.8005,45.0567],[-92.7984,45.0531],[-92.7952,45.0499],[-92.7926,45.0481],[-92.7881,45.0453],[-92.7837,45.0421],[-92.7745,45.0373],[-92.7707,45.0344],[-92.7683,45.0325],[-92.7645,45.0265],[-92.7639,45.0237],[-92.7639,45.0196],[-92.7682,45.0005],[-92.7694,44.9909],[-92.7686,44.9796],[-92.7646,44.9711],[-92.7547,44.9571],[-92.7527,44.9527],[-92.7523,44.9481],[-92.753,44.9369],[-92.7534,44.9237],[-92.7547,44.9159],[-92.7569,44.9105],[-92.7606,44.9068],[-92.7645,44.9046],[-92.767,44.9039],[-92.7707,44.9023],[-92.7729,44.901],[-92.775,44.8982],[-92.7738,44.8933],[-92.7689,44.8848],[-92.7632,44.8759],[-92.7628,44.8716],[-92.763,44.8671],[-92.7644,44.8622],[-92.7682,44.8554],[-92.7683,44.853],[-92.7671,44.8494],[-92.7652,44.8462],[-92.7646,44.8423],[-92.7644,44.8382],[-92.766,44.8308],[-92.7679,44.8265],[-92.7719,44.8211],[-92.7751,44.8161],[-92.7784,44.8125],[-92.7801,44.8095],[-92.781,44.8056],[-92.7823,44.8029],[-92.783,44.7966],[-92.7858,44.7893],[-92.7909,44.7842],[-92.7993,44.7765],[-92.802,44.7729],[-92.8046,44.7683],[-92.8059,44.7624],[-92.8073,44.7524],[-92.8061,44.7483],[-92.8054,44.7473],[-92.8022,44.7446],[-92.7901,44.7381],[-92.7805,44.7344],[-92.7722,44.7317],[-92.7658,44.7289],[-92.7569,44.7234],[-92.7536,44.7226],[-92.7471,44.7204],[-92.7415,44.7192],[-92.7339,44.7157],[-92.737,44.658],[-92.7386,44.6329],[-92.7957,44.6305],[-92.7915,44.5452],[-92.9165,44.5449],[-92.9179,44.5221],[-92.9218,44.518],[-92.9282,44.5158],[-92.9321,44.513],[-92.941,44.5149],[-92.9449,44.5131],[-92.9494,44.5104],[-92.9584,44.514],[-92.9634,44.5177],[-92.975,44.5159],[-92.9827,44.5173],[-92.991,44.5215],[-93.0057,44.5197],[-93.0121,44.5175],[-93.0166,44.5166],[-93.0275,44.5198],[-93.0301,44.5148],[-93.0346,44.5148],[-93.039,44.5171],[-93.0406,44.4729],[-93.2826,44.473],[-93.2798,44.546],[-93.5259,44.5466],[-93.9091,44.5446],[-93.9117,44.5492],[-93.9078,44.5528],[-93.9027,44.5524],[-93.9008,44.5492],[-93.8956,44.5483],[-93.8937,44.5515],[-93.8963,44.5561],[-93.9008,44.5606],[-93.8996,44.5647],[-93.8957,44.5675],[-93.8958,44.5711],[-93.8996,44.5743],[-93.8958,44.5775],[-93.8939,44.5807],[-93.8959,44.5871],[-93.8991,44.5903],[-93.8908,44.5962],[-93.8857,44.5967],[-93.8838,44.6012],[-93.878,44.6013],[-93.878,44.6077],[-93.8716,44.6063],[-93.8658,44.6063],[-93.8569,44.6168],[-93.8563,44.6218],[-93.8505,44.6219],[-93.8447,44.6201],[-93.8422,44.6233],[-93.8358,44.6242],[-93.8319,44.6251],[-93.8217,44.6297],[-93.8031,44.6366],[-93.7999,44.6361],[-93.7967,44.6343],[-93.7935,44.6311],[-93.7883,44.632],[-93.78,44.6362],[-93.7768,44.6385],[-93.7729,44.6366],[-93.7723,44.6325],[-93.7691,44.6312],[-93.7665,44.6362],[-93.7685,44.6417],[-93.7686,44.675],[-93.8887,44.6756],[-93.8902,44.7185],[-94.0104,44.719],[-94.0085,44.8947],[-94.0136,44.8951],[-94.0117,44.9796],[-93.7692,44.9789],[-93.7702,45.0734],[-93.7663,45.077],[-93.7631,45.0839],[-93.7534,45.0853],[-93.7399,45.0894],[-93.7341,45.0922],[-93.7322,45.0963],[-93.7257,45.1022],[-93.7225,45.11],[-93.72,45.1205],[-93.7155,45.1269],[-93.7019,45.1374],[-93.6852,45.1489],[-93.6793,45.1525],[-93.6716,45.1562],[-93.6574,45.1585],[-93.6554,45.1599],[-93.6529,45.1631],[-93.6503,45.169],[-93.6516,45.1841],[-93.6549,45.1905],[-93.6555,45.1969],[-93.6562,45.201],[-93.6471,45.2079],[-93.6387,45.2074],[-93.6361,45.206],[-93.6329,45.2056],[-93.6258,45.2092],[-93.6167,45.2115],[-93.6096,45.2111],[-93.6031,45.2111],[-93.5967,45.2134],[-93.5857,45.2189],[-93.5792,45.2189],[-93.5734,45.2202],[-93.5676,45.2225],[-93.5617,45.2289],[-93.554,45.2298],[-93.5462,45.2289],[-93.5371,45.2294],[-93.5332,45.2317],[-93.5197,45.2417],[-93.5158,45.2458],[-93.5138,45.2454],[-93.5093,45.4163]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Anoka\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57160534e4b0ef3b7ca91fe9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013207,"text":"70013207 - 1984 - Interlaminated ice-proximal glacimarine sediments in Muir Inlet, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T16:55:21.25295","indexId":"70013207","displayToPublicDate":"1984-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interlaminated ice-proximal glacimarine sediments in Muir Inlet, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Muir Inlet in Glacier Bay, Alaska, is a glacial fjord receiving a tremendous volume of sediment annually. The rate of sediment accumulation is greatest proximal to Muir Glacier (about 9 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) and decreases away from the glacier. The primary sediment sources are meltwater streams discharging at subglacial and ice-marginal positions to form overflows, interflows, and underflows (continuous turbidity currents).</span></p><p><span>Overflows and interflows interact with diurnal tidal currents and their volume and sediment concentration varies diurnally and annually with meltwater discharge. These effects produce cyclic deposits of a thin fine-grained sand or silt lamina that grades normally to a thicker poorly to very poorly sorted mud lamina. This lamina couplet is termed a&nbsp;<i>cyclopel</i>.</span></p><p><span>Underflows are suggested to occur in this glacimarine environment because of conditions unique to subglacial fluvial systems. Underflow deposits occur only in proximal positions (&lt;0.5 km from glacier face), and are coarse-grained, reverse to normal graded, and exhibit an increase in sorting and sand content up-layer.</span></p><p><span>Ice-rafted debris (identified as particles &gt;177&nbsp;<i>μ</i>m) is ubiquitous, though low (&lt;5% by weight), and occurs as isolated particles, frozen pellets, or as lenses that in cores may have a lamina appearance. Proximally, ice-rafted debris is difficult to identify because proximal sediment is often as coarse-grained.</span></p><p><span>Deposited sediment may be reworked by tidal currents, and sediment gravity flows.</span></p><p><span>Depositional processes operating in Muir Inlet produce interlaminated sand/silt/clay that characterizes sediment proximal to a glacier and fines seaward to mud. Sediment is classified into one of three sediment types:</span></p><p><span><span class=\"list-label\">(1) Type I sediment is very fine grained (mean 8.65--7.17 ~), low in sand (0.1--11.2%), and very poorly to poorly sorted. It is the dominant sediment type in Muir Inlet, and is transported by plumes and deposited by suspension settling.</span></span></p><p><span><span class=\"list-label\">(2) Type II sediment is fine- to coarse-grained (mean 6.70--3.12 ~), low to high in sand (5.1---86.6%), and very poorly to moderately sorted. It represents reworked sediment, proximal plume deposits, or coarse-grained laminae of cyclopels.</span></span></p><p><span><span class=\"list-label\">(3) Type III sediment is coarse-grained (mean 3.89--2.38 ~), high in sand (58.0--100.0%), and poorly to well sorted. It is deposited by sediment gravity flows or underflows.&nbsp;</span></span></p><div class=\"u-margin-s-bottom\"><br></div><p><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></p><p><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(84)90197-X","usgsCitation":"Mackiewicz, N., Powell, R., Carlson, P., and Molnia, B.F., 1984, Interlaminated ice-proximal glacimarine sediments in Muir Inlet, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 57, no. 1-4, p. 113-147, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(84)90197-X.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219901,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Muir Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -139.3374585763036,\n              59.27493414566115\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.3374585763036,\n              54.123667606054056\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.39721147007114,\n              54.123667606054056\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.39721147007114,\n              59.27493414566115\n            ],\n            [\n              -139.3374585763036,\n              59.27493414566115\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3d28e4b0c8380cd63347","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mackiewicz, N.E.","contributorId":25694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackiewicz","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, R.D.","contributorId":74015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Molnia, Bruce F. 0000-0001-8102-6269","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-6269","contributorId":301013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molnia","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199498,"text":"70199498 - 1984 - Significance of biomass and light availability to phytoplankton productivity in San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T13:43:42","indexId":"70199498","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-26T13:43:05","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Significance of biomass and light availability to phytoplankton productivity in San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<p>Primary productivity was measured monthly at 6 sites within San Francisco Bay, USA, throughout 1980. The 6 sites were chosen to represent a range of estuarine environments with respect to salinity, phytoplankton community composition, turbidity, and water depth. Annual net production over the photic zone ranged from 95 to 150 g C m-2, and was highest in regions of lowest turbidity. Daily photic zone net productivity PN,, ranged from 0.05 to 2.2 g C m-2 d-', and was significantly correlated with the composite parameter B I,/&amp; (where B = phytoplankton biomass; I, = daily surface insolation; E = attenuation coefficient). Lnear regression of PN,, against B Io/€ indicated that most (82 %) of the spatio-temporal variability in primary productivity within this estuary is explained by variations in light availability and phytoplankton biomass. We also calculated annual water-column net productivity PN, as a fraction of annual gross productivity PGx The ratio PN,, : PG, was inversely related to the ratio of water depth H to annual mean photic depth Z,. This linear relation indicates that the watercolumn of San Francisco Bay is a net photosynthetic source of organic carbon only when the ratio H : Z, &lt; 6. In deep turbid habitats, where H : Tp &gt; 6, respiratory loss exceeds productivity. Thus, 2 empirical formulations allow us to estimate productivity over the photic zone and water column from<br>simple properties that are easily measured. </p>","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cole, B.E., and Cloern, J.E., 1984, Significance of biomass and light availability to phytoplankton productivity in San Francisco Bay: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 17, p. 15-24.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"24","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":357496,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://online.sfsu.edu/modelds/Files/References/ColeCloern1984.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Francisco County","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Brian E.","contributorId":18357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013617,"text":"70013617 - 1984 - Multiple microtektite horizons in upper eocene marine sediments?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T17:02:38.313826","indexId":"70013617","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple microtektite horizons in upper eocene marine sediments?","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.224.4646.309.a","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Glass, B., 1984, Multiple microtektite horizons in upper eocene marine sediments?: Science, v. 224, no. 4646, p. 309-310, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4646.309.a.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"310","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220154,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"224","issue":"4646","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a606fe4b0c8380cd71466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glass, B.P.","contributorId":74513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glass","given":"B.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012757,"text":"70012757 - 1984 - Ancient ice islands in salt lakes of the Central Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-11-18T16:58:30.382534","indexId":"70012757","displayToPublicDate":"1984-04-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ancient ice islands in salt lakes of the Central Andes","docAbstract":"Massive blocks of freshwater ice and frozen sediments protrude from shallow, saline lakes in the Andes of southwestern Bolivia and northeastern Chile. These ice islands range up to 1.5 kilometers long, stand up to 7 meters above the water surface, and may extend out tens of meters and more beneath the unfrozen lake sediments. The upper surfaces of the islands are covered with dry white sediments, mostly aragonite or calcite. The ice blocks may have formed by freezing of the fresh pore water of lake sediments during the \"little ice age.\" The largest blocks are melting rapidly because of possibly recent increases in geothermal heat flux through the lake bottom and undercutting by warm saline lake water during the summer.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.224.4646.299","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Hurlbert, S.H., and Chang, C.C., 1984, Ancient ice islands in salt lakes of the Central Andes: Science, v. 224, no. 4646, p. 299-302, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.224.4646.299.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"302","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Bolivia, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Central Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.8317987720904,\n              -20.02972052302998\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8317987720904,\n              -24.18231978819638\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.07551248845371,\n              -24.18231978819638\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.07551248845371,\n              -20.02972052302998\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8317987720904,\n              -20.02972052302998\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"224","issue":"4646","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ebf6e4b0c8380cd48fd2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hurlbert, S. H.","contributorId":56192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurlbert","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}