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,{"id":2002355,"text":"2002355 - 1984 - Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T10:36:40","indexId":"2002355","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":420,"text":"Wildlife Monograph","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"89","title":"Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>Red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) predation on nesting ducks was assessed by examining 1,857 adult duck remains found at 1,432 fox rearing dens from 1968 to 1973. Dabbling ducks were much more vulnerable to foxes than diving ducks. Dabbling ducks (1,798) found at dens consisted of 27% blue-winged teals (<i>Anas discors</i>), 23% mallards (<i>A. platyrhynchos</i>), 20% northern pintails (A. acuta), 9% northern shovelers (<i>Spatula clypeata</i>), 8% gadwalls (<i>A. strepera</i>), 3% green-winged teals (<i>A. crecca</i>), 2% American wigeons (<i>A. americana</i>), and 10% unidentified. Relative abundance of individual species and nesting chronology were the most important factors affecting composition of ducks taken by foxes. Seventy-six percent of 1,376 adult dabbling ducks and 40% of 30 adult diving ducks for which sex was determined were hens. In western North Dakota and western South Dakota, 65% of mallard and northern pintail remains found at dens were hens compared with 76% in eastern North Dakota and eastern South Dakota (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Percentage hens varied among the 5 most common dabbling ducks found at dens. In eastern North Dakota and eastern South Dakota, where predation on ducks was greatest, an average of 64% of gadwall, 73% of northern pintail, 81% of blue-winged teal, 81% of mallard, and 90% of northern shoveler remains found at dens were hens. Percentage hens among duck remains found at dens increased as the duck nesting season progressed. </span></p>\n<p><span>Numbers of adult ducks found at individual dens ranged from 0 to 67. The average number of ducks found in and around den entrances was used as an index of fox predation rates on ducks. Predation rate indices ranged from 0.01 duck/den in Iowa to 1.80 ducks/den in eastern North Dakota. Average annual predation rate indices for dabbling ducks in a 3-county intensive study area in eastern North Dakota were closely correlated with May pond numbers (<i>r</i> = 0.874, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.10) and duck population size (<i>r</i> = 0.930,<i> P</i> &lt; 0.05), but all species were not affected in the same manner or to the same degree. Drought had least effect on populations and predation rate indices of mallards and gadwalls and had greatest effect on those of northern pintails and northern shovelers. Hens of early nesting species were more vulnerable to foxes than hens of late nesting species. Predation rate indices were expanded to estimate total numbers of ducks taken by fox families during the denning season. Estimated numbers of dabbling ducks taken annually by individual fox families in 2 physiographic regions comprising the intensive study area ranged from 16.1 to 65.9. Predation was highest during wet years and lowest during dry years and averaged lower, but was more variable, in the region where tillage was greatest and wetland water levels were least stable. Predation in the intensive study area averaged 2.97 adult dabbling ducks/ km</span><sup><span>2</span></sup><span>/year and represented an estimated average annual loss of 13.5% of hen and 4.5% of drake populations in that area. Of 5,402 individual food items found at dens in the intensive study area, 24% were adult ducks. Ducks made up an estimated maximum average of 16% of the prey biomass required by fox families during the denning season. </span></p>\n<p><span>The average annual take of adult ducks by foxes in the midcontinent area was estimated to be about 900,000. This estimate included both scavenged and fox-killed ducks, as well as ducks taken after the denning season. Fox impact on midcontinent ducks was greatest in eastern North Dakota where both fox and duck densities were relatively high. Predation in that area was likely increased by environmental factors, especially intensive agriculture that concentrated nesting and reduced prey abundance. </span></p>\n<p><span>Predation by red foxes and other predators severely reduces duck production in the midcontinent area. Effective management to increase waterfowl production will necessitate coping with or reducing high levels of predation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","usgsCitation":"Sargeant, A.B., Allen, S.H., and Eberhardt, R.T., 1984, Red fox predation on breeding ducks in midcontinent North America: Wildlife Monograph 89, 41 p.","productDescription":"41 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Iowa, Manitoba, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin","county":"Barnes County, Kidder County, Stutsman County","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -100.1513671875,\n              50.54136296522161\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.513671875,\n              50.51342652633956\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.42578124999999,\n              49.03786794532644\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.19433593749999,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.0625,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.14257812499999,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3955078125,\n              42.35854391749705\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8125,\n              48.516604348867475\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.603515625,\n              48.545705491847464\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              48.66194284607008\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.361328125,\n              48.951366470947725\n            ],\n            [\n              -100.1513671875,\n              50.54136296522161\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargeant, Alan B.","contributorId":89185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargeant","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Stephen H.","contributorId":46620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eberhardt, Robert T.","contributorId":156332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eberhardt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002176,"text":"2002176 - 1984 - Simulated effects of transplant removal from the River Mountains bighorn herd II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:54","indexId":"2002176","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"CPSU/UNLV 025/6A","title":"Simulated effects of transplant removal from the River Mountains bighorn herd II","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1984, Simulated effects of transplant removal from the River Mountains bighorn herd II: Technical Report CPSU/UNLV 025/6A, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f32b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000021,"text":"2000021 - 1984 - Population dynamics and species interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T14:43:05.519916","indexId":"2000021","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":222,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Population dynamics and species interactions","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Strategies for rehabilitation of lake trout in the Great Lakes: Proceedings of a conference on lake trout research, August 1983","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Hatch, R.W., 1984, Population dynamics and species interactions: Technical Report 40, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"9","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199083,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92048,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/glfc-publications-reports.php","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684196","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Richard W.","contributorId":82245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000837,"text":"2000837 - 1984 - Aeromonas hydrophila and motile aeromonad septicemias of fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2000837","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22,"text":"Fish Disease Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"68","title":"Aeromonas hydrophila and motile aeromonad septicemias of fish","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"586/FH","usgsCitation":"Cipriano, R.C., Bullock, G.L., and Pyle, S.W., 1984, Aeromonas hydrophila and motile aeromonad septicemias of fish: Fish Disease Leaflet 68, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198568,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cipriano, R. C.","contributorId":12400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cipriano","given":"R.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyle, S. W.","contributorId":86720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70195043,"text":"70195043 - 1984 - Relationship of fluviodeltaic facies to coal deposition in the lower Fort Union formation (Palaeocene), south-western North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T16:56:06","indexId":"70195043","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5617,"text":"Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"7","chapter":"10","title":"Relationship of fluviodeltaic facies to coal deposition in the lower Fort Union formation (Palaeocene), south-western North Dakota","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"abstract\"><div class=\"para\"><p>Facies analysis of the Ludlow and Tongue River Members of the Palaeocene Fort Union Formation provides an understanding of the relationship between fluviodeltaic environments and associated coal deposition in the south-western Williston Basin. The Ludlow Member consists of high-constructive delta facies that interfinger with brackish-water tongues of the Cannonball Member of the Fort Union Formation. The lower part of the Ludlow Member was deposited on a lower delta plain that consisted of interdistributary crevasse and subdelta lobes. The upper part of the Ludlow Member was deposited in meander belts of the upper delta plain. The delta plain facies of the Ludlow Member is overlain by alluvial plain facies consisting of swamp, crevasse-lobe, lacustrine, and trunk meander belt deposits of the Tongue River Member. The Ludlow delta is believed to have been fed by fluvial systems that probably flowed from the Powder River Basin to the Williston Basin undeterred by the Cedar Creek Anticline. However, the evidence indicates that the Cedar Creek Anticline was prominent enough, during early Tongue River Member deposition, to cause the obstruction of the regional fluvial system flowing from the SW, and the formation of local drainage.</p></div><div class=\"para\"><p>The Ludlow Member contains 18 coal beds in the area studied, of which the T-Cross and Yule coals are as thick as 4 m (12 ft). Abandoned delta lobes served as platforms where coals formed, which in turn, were drowned by mainly fresh water and subordinate brackish water. Repetition of deltaic sedimentation, abandonment, and occupation by swamp led to preservation of the T-Cross and Oyster coals in areas as extensive as 260 km<sup>2</sup> (&lt; 100 miles<sup>2</sup>).</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sedimentology of coal and coal-bearing sequences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"The International Association of Sedimentologists","doi":"10.1002/9781444303797.ch10","isbn":"9780632012862","usgsCitation":"Belt, E.S., Flores, R.M., Warwick, P.D., Conway, K., Johnson, K.R., and Waskowitz, R.S., 1984, Relationship of fluviodeltaic facies to coal deposition in the lower Fort Union formation (Palaeocene), south-western North Dakota, chap. 10 <i>of</i> Sedimentology of coal and coal-bearing sequences: Special Publication of the International Association of Sedimentologists, p. 177-195, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444303797.ch10.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"195","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b98e4b00f54eb1f5e2d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rahmani, R.A.","contributorId":119467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rahmani","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726727,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726728,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Belt, Edward S.","contributorId":96422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belt","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, Romeo M. rflores@usgs.gov","contributorId":71984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"Romeo","email":"rflores@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conway, Kevin M.","contributorId":64949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conway","given":"Kevin M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Waskowitz, Robert S.","contributorId":67069,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waskowitz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":2000660,"text":"2000660 - 1984 - Brown blood disease (methemoglobinemia) of fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:58","indexId":"2000660","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":22,"text":"Fish Disease Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"70","title":"Brown blood disease (methemoglobinemia) of fishes","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","collaboration":"751/FH","usgsCitation":"Bowser, P., 1984, Brown blood disease (methemoglobinemia) of fishes: Fish Disease Leaflet 70, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112249,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924000778476?urlappend=%3Bseq=347"},{"id":198722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb2e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bowser, P.R.","contributorId":17935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowser","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2000119,"text":"2000119 - 1984 - Effects of weather on breeding ducks in North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:03:20","indexId":"2000119","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Effects of weather on breeding ducks in North Dakota","docAbstract":"The present report quantifies relations between weather and several aspects of the breeding biology of four duck species: mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwall (A. strepera), blue-winged teal (A. discors), and redhead (Aythya americana). Data were obtained from two locations in North Dakota,--the J. Clark Salyer National Wildlife Refuge, intermittently during 1936-68, and the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center's Woodworth Station during 1965-77. Arrival dates varied with mean temperature before and during the usual arrival period; early-arriving species were affected by early-season temperatures, and later-arriving species by temperatures later in spring. After temperature effects were accounted for, first arrivals were seen at the more southern Woodworth Station a few days earlier than at Salyer. High spring temperatures also seemed to induce early nesting. The mallard, which nested earliest, was most affected by temperatures during April whereas the other species were most affected by temperatures during late April and May. Peak hatching dates were also earlier in years with higher temperatures in May. Earlier peaks were associated with early first nests, so it was difficult to separate the effects of weather and date of initial nesting. Peaks at Woodworth occurred earlier than at Salyer, after temperature differences were taken into account. The period of most active nesting was longest for the early-nesting mallard, shortest for the late-nesting gadwall, and intermediate for the blue-winged teal and redhead. For two species, precipitation during the breeding season may have prolonged nesting activities. We also found that late nesting seasons tend to be compressed. Productivity at Salyer, measured by the brood to pair ratio, was generally greater in years with higher temperatures during 23 April-3 June. Effects were more pronounced among early-nesting species. Average brood size for Classes I and II tended to decline during the 1947-62 period at Salyer; pair populations generally increased. Consequently, it was nearly impossible to distinguish the effects of pair density on brood size from those of yearly trend. In addition, Class II broods were smaller in years when temperatures were higher during late May and June.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Hammond, M., and Johnson, D.H., 1984, Effects of weather on breeding ducks in North Dakota: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 1, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198522,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, M.C.","contributorId":60596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2002191,"text":"2002191 - 1984 - Evolution of the natural fire management program at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:56","indexId":"2002191","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"INT-182","title":"Evolution of the natural fire management program at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proc. Symp. and Workshop on Wilderness Fire.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Bancroft, L., Nichols, T., Parsons, D., Graber, D., Evison, B., and van Wagtendonk, J., 1984, Evolution of the natural fire management program at Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks: General Technical Report INT-182, p. 174-180.","productDescription":"p. 174-180","startPage":"174","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":199114,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9635","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bancroft, L.","contributorId":49728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bancroft","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, T.","contributorId":50252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parsons, D.","contributorId":62322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graber, D.","contributorId":90422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graber","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evison, B.","contributorId":85693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evison","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":26912,"text":"wri834102 - 1984 - The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:17:12.546657","indexId":"wri834102","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4102","title":"The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington","docAbstract":"<p>In 1979 the quality of ground water in major aquifers in northeastern-north central Washington State was assessed in terms of inorganic-chemical, trace-metal, and fecal-coliform concentrations. For the Spokane Valley aquifer some organic-chemical data were also included. Results of this assessment indicate that the ground water in the region is generally suitable for most uses.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834102","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., 1984, The quality of ground water in the principal aquifers of northeastern-north central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4102, viii, 112 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834102.","productDescription":"viii, 112 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410500,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35726.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55789,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4102/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4102/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.028,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.158,\n              49\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.158,\n              47.267\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.028,\n              47.267\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.028,\n              49\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ffb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013195,"text":"70013195 - 1984 - Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-02T16:34:42.883513","indexId":"70013195","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1709,"text":"Fuel","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction","docAbstract":"<p><span>Solutions of 30% H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;ranging from&nbsp;</span><i>pH</i><span>&nbsp;= 0 to&nbsp;</span><i>pH</i><span>&nbsp;= 11.5 have been used to oxidize anthracite at room temperature. The inorganic impurities, primarily pyrite, catalysed the oxidation and reduction of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;(the Fenton reaction) to form the hydroxyl radical; the oxidation of the organic matter was minimal and was observed only in strong acidic solutions (</span><i>pH</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 1.5). After acid demineralization, samples of the same anthracite underwent a significant enhancement of oxidation in both acid and alkaline solutions (</span><i>pH</i><span>&nbsp;= 0.4–11.5). As all the iron had been removed from the surface and the reactions were completed in a much shorter time, the oxidation mechanism must have been of a different nature than that for the untreated anthracite. A qualitative model based on the catalytic decomposition of H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;by activated carbon sites in the coal surface is used to explain the oxidation of the demineralized anthracite.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-2361(84)90041-3","issn":"00162361","usgsCitation":"Heard, I., and Senftle, F.E., 1984, Chemical oxidation of anthracite with hydrogen peroxide via the Fenton reaction: Fuel, v. 63, no. 2, p. 221-226, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(84)90041-3.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"226","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f581e4b0c8380cd4c27f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heard, I.","contributorId":28362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heard","given":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013287,"text":"70013287 - 1984 - Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T16:30:19.695883","indexId":"70013287","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p><span>The massive ore contains two major generations of pyrite, a fine and a coarse grained, both of which show a striking variety of textures involving quartz. Framboidal pyrite in the argillite host rock has delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of approximately -24 per mil indicating the presence of a euxinic environment. The delta&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup><span>&nbsp;S values of fine-grained pyrite in the massive ore range from degrees 6.4 to + or -2.0 per mil; those of coarse-grained pyrite range from -3.5 to + or -5.5 per mil. A significant portion of the isotopically light sulfur for the early, fine-grained hydrothermal pyrite in the massive lens was probably derived from framboidal biogenic pyrite in interflow sediments of the underlying greenstone pillow lavas. Microcrystalline quartz in massive ore, hanging-wall jasper, footwall hydrothermal chert and coarse quartz from hanging-wall and footwall stringer zones have delta&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup><span>&nbsp;O values between 15.6 and 19.6 per mil; one sample of vein hematite has a value of 4.4 per mil. The combined sulfur and oxygen isotope and textural data indicate that much of the material in the massive lens originally precipitated as fine-grained pyrite or as a precursor iron sulfide along with some silica from a hydrothermal plume similar to those recently observed at the East Pacific Rise spreading center at lat 21 degrees N. The primary material underwent recrystallization, mineralization, and late-stage quartz deposition in the presence of later fluids which had distinctly different sulfur isotope compositions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.124","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Rye, R.O., Roberts, R.J., Snyder, W., Lahusen, G., and Motica, J., 1984, Textural and stable isotope studies of the Big Mike cupriferous volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Pershing County, Nevada: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 1, p. 124-140, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.79.1.124.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1984-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba5ffe4b08c986b320dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rye, R. O.","contributorId":66208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rye","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, R. J.","contributorId":58250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, W.S.","contributorId":107428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lahusen, G.L.","contributorId":61157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahusen","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Motica, J.E.","contributorId":96005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Motica","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70013548,"text":"70013548 - 1984 - SOME APPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MECHANISM STUDIES TO ASSESSING UNDERGROUND HAZARD.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013548","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SOME APPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MECHANISM STUDIES TO ASSESSING UNDERGROUND HAZARD.","docAbstract":"Various measures of the seismic source mechanism of mine tremors, such as magnitude, moment, stress drop, apparent stress, and seismic efficiency, can be related directly to several aspects of the problem of determining the underground hazard arising from strong ground motion of large seismic events. First, the relation between the sum of seismic moments of tremors and the volume of stope closure caused by mining during a given period can be used in conjunction with magnitude-frequency statistics and an empirical relation between moment and magnitude to estimate the maximum possible sized tremor for a given mining situation. Second, it is shown that the 'energy release rate,' a commonly-used parameter for predicting underground seismic hazard, may be misleading in that the importance of overburden stress, or depth, is overstated. Third, results involving the relation between peak velocity and magnitude, magnitude-frequency statistics, and the maximum possible magnitude are applied to the problem of estimating the frequency at which design limits of certain underground support equipment are likely to be exceeded.","conferenceTitle":"Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines.","conferenceLocation":"Johannesburg, S Afr","language":"English","publisher":"South African Inst of Mining and Metallurgy","publisherLocation":"Johannesburg, S Afr","isbn":"062006708X","usgsCitation":"McGarr, A., 1984, SOME APPLICATIONS OF SEISMIC SOURCE MECHANISM STUDIES TO ASSESSING UNDERGROUND HAZARD., Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines., Johannesburg, S Afr, p. 199-208.","startPage":"199","endPage":"208","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220099,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf6ee4b0c8380cd875a6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gay N.C.Wainwright E.H.","contributorId":128366,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gay N.C.Wainwright E.H.","id":536276,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"McGarr, Art 0000-0001-9769-4093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9769-4093","contributorId":43491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGarr","given":"Art","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":95063,"text":"95063 - 1984 - Atlantic salmon stocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:59","indexId":"95063","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Atlantic salmon stocks","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Administrative report: Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Anadromous and Catadromous Fish Committee, International Council for the Exploration of the Sea","publisherLocation":"Copenhagen, Denmark","collaboration":"None/FC","usgsCitation":"Goodyear, C., 1984, Atlantic salmon stocks, p. 37-41.","productDescription":"p. 37-41","startPage":"37","endPage":"41","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128353,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669519","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pippy, J. H. C.","contributorId":113759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pippy","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505316,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Goodyear, C.P.","contributorId":11538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodyear","given":"C.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":93721,"text":"93721 - 1984 - Bioaccumulation of toxic substances associated with dredging and dredged material disposal: a literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T16:11:59","indexId":"93721","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Bioaccumulation of toxic substances associated with dredging and dredged material disposal: a literature review","docAbstract":"A literature review of sediment bioassessment was conducted as the first step in the development of a more standardized and ecologically sound test procedure for evaluating sediment quality. Based on the review, the authors concluded that 1) a standardized laboratory bioassessment test should consist of flowthrough exposure of at least 10 days duration using more than one aquatic organism including at least an infaunal benthic invertebrate and a fish species. 2) Before adoption of a laboratory sediment bioassessment procedure, the laboratory results should be evaluated by comparison with field conditions. 3) Most current sediment bioassessment regulatory tests measure acute toxicity or bioaccumulation. Development of tests to evaluate chronic, sublethal effects is needed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Seelye, J.G., and Mac, M.J., 1984, Bioaccumulation of toxic substances associated with dredging and dredged material disposal: a literature review, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","startPage":"45","numberOfPages":"45","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267064,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=200071NV.txt"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af3e4b07f02db691adf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelye, James G.","contributorId":69919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mac, Michael J.","contributorId":16772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013545,"text":"70013545 - 1984 - Denitrification associated with stream periphyton: Chamber estimates from undisrupted communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:39:16","indexId":"70013545","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Denitrification associated with stream periphyton: Chamber estimates from undisrupted communities","docAbstract":"<p>Undisrupted periphyton communities from a N‐rich (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 63<span>&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i>mol L<sup>−1</sup>) and pristine (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 2.9<span>&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i>mol L<sup>−1</sup>) stream were assayed for denitrifying activity (acetylene‐blockage technique) in 40‐L chambers incubated at in situ temperature and nutrient concentrations. Nitrous oxide formation associated with periphyton from the N‐rich stream was immediate and linear (52.1<span>&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i>mol N<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>) in the dark, anaerobic chamber (50 kPa C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>). In the corresponding light, aerobic chamber (50 kPa C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>), N<sub>2</sub>O production was inhibited by 82% (9.3<span>&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i>mol N<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>h<sup>−1</sup>). Nitrous oxide formation was not associated with periphyton from the pristine stream incubated in situ, either with or without NO<sup>3</sup><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>amendment.</p><p>Denitrification estimates made with undisrupted periphyton communities at in situ temperature and nutrient concentrations (40‐L chambers) were less variable than estimates made with periphyton “scrapings” in small flasks (room temperature). The calculated diel periphyton‐associated denitrification rate based on a 14‐h light‐10‐h dark day was 651<span>&nbsp;</span><i>µ</i>mol N<sub>2</sub>O m<sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>−1</sup>. The data suggest denitrification within periphyton mats may contribute toward removal of NO<sup>3</sup><sup>−</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>from N‐rich fluvial environments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040002x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Duff, J., Triska, F., and Oremland, R., 1984, Denitrification associated with stream periphyton: Chamber estimates from undisrupted communities: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 13, no. 4, p. 514-518, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1984.00472425001300040002x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"518","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe98e4b0c8380cd4edfb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, R.S.","contributorId":97512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013160,"text":"70013160 - 1984 - Determination of rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium in manganese nodules by inductively-coupled argon-plastma emission spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T16:20:14.320241","indexId":"70013160","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":760,"text":"Analytica Chimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium in manganese nodules by inductively-coupled argon-plastma emission spectrometry","docAbstract":"<p><span>A sequential-scanning, inductively-coupled argon plasma emission spectrometer is used for the determination of the rare-earth elements, plus yttrium and scandium, in manganese nodules. Wavelength selection is optimized to minimize spectral interferences from manganese nodule components. Samples are decomposed with mixed acids in a sealed polycarbonate vessel, and elements are quantified without further treatment. Results for U.S. Geological Survey manganese nodule standards A-1 and P-1 had average relative standard deviations of 6.8% and 8.1%, respectively, and results were in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84307-X","usgsCitation":"Fries, T.L., Lamothe, P.J., and Pesek, J.J., 1984, Determination of rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium in manganese nodules by inductively-coupled argon-plastma emission spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 159, no. C, p. 329-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84307-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc0e4b0c8380cd4f398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fries, Terry L.","contributorId":76349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J","contributorId":118580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pesek, J. J.","contributorId":78872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pesek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":87304,"text":"87304 - 1984 - Crassulacean acid metabolism in submerged aquatic plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T21:24:56","indexId":"87304","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5394,"text":"Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Crassulacean acid metabolism in submerged aquatic plants","docAbstract":"<div class=\"document-main layout-3\"><div id=\"kb-nav--main\" class=\"col-main has-full-enumeration\"><div><p class=\"Para\">CO<sub>2</sub>-fixation in the dark is known to occur in various organs of many plants. However, only in species possessing crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) does dark CO<sub>2</sub>-fixation contribute substantially to the carbon economy of the plant. Until very recently CAM was known only from terrestrial species, largely drought adapted succulents. The discovery of CAM in the submerged aquatic fern ally <i><span class=\"EmphasisTypeUnderline \">Isoetes howellii</span></i> (Isoetaceae)(Keeley 1981) adds a new dimension to our understanding of crassulacean acid metabolism. In this paper I will summarize 1) the evidence of CAM in <i><span class=\"EmphasisTypeUnderline \">Isoetes howellii</span></i>, 2) the data on the distribution of CAM in aquatic species, and 3) the work to date on the functional significance of CAM in aquatic species.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Photosynthesis Research: Proceedings of the VIth International Congress on Photosynthesis (Volume IV)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the VIth International Congress on Photosynthesis","conferenceDate":"August 1-6, 1983","conferenceLocation":"Brussels, Belgium","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-4971-8_63","isbn":" 978-90-247-2945-6","usgsCitation":"Keeley, J.E., 1984, Crassulacean acid metabolism in submerged aquatic plants, chap. <i>of</i> Advances in Photosynthesis Research: Proceedings of the VIth International Congress on Photosynthesis (Volume IV): Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology, v. 4, p. 291-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4971-8_63.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"291","endPage":"294","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683781","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sybesme, C.","contributorId":113397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sybesme","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504938,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Keeley, Jon E. 0000-0002-4564-6521 jon_keeley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-6521","contributorId":1268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keeley","given":"Jon","email":"jon_keeley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013411,"text":"70013411 - 1984 - Radioactive disequilibria in mineralised fracture samples from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T20:32:32","indexId":"70013411","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radioactive disequilibria in mineralised fracture samples from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden","docAbstract":"Mineralised fractures from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden were examined mineralogically and isotopically to establish the presence or absence of radioactive equilibrium that may indicate recent rock-water interaction processes based on the natural mobility of uranium (i.e.; during the last 0.5 Ma). The results show evidence of radioactive disequilibrium in six of the nine samples investigated. Disequilibria are attributable to solution to solid 234U recoil gain (weakly mineralised zones adjacent to the main mineralisation) and solid to solution 234U recoil loss (moderate to highly mineralised zones). The absence of significant 238U loss in the samples emphasises the reducing conditions at the sampled depths. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0024-4937(84)90021-5","issn":"00244937","usgsCitation":"Smellie, J.A., and Rosholt, J., 1984, Radioactive disequilibria in mineralised fracture samples from two uranium occurrences in northern Sweden: LITHOS, v. 17, no. C, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(84)90021-5.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267966,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(84)90021-5"}],"volume":"17","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93ace4b0c8380cd80f79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smellie, John A.T.","contributorId":26437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70013378,"text":"70013378 - 1984 - Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T15:14:06","indexId":"70013378","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability","docAbstract":"Monte Carlo experiments were used to evaluate whether trace-level water-quality data that are routinely censored (not reported) contain valuable information for trend detection. Measurements are commonly censored if they fall below a level associated with some minimum acceptable level of reliability (detection limit). Trace-level organic data were simulated with best- and worst-case estimates of measurement uncertainty, various concentrations and degrees of linear trend, and different censoring rules. The resulting classes of data were subjected to a nonparametric statistical test for trend. For all classes of data evaluated, trends were most effectively detected in uncensored data as compared to censored data even when the data censored were highly unreliable. Thus, censoring data at any concentration level may eliminate valuable information. Whether or not valuable information for trend analysis is, in fact, eliminated by censoring of actual rather than simulated data depends on whether the analytical process is in statistical control and bias is predictable for a particular type of chemical analyses.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/es00125a009","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., Hirsch, R., and Gilroy, E., 1984, Effect of censoring trace-level water-quality data on trend-detection capability: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 18, no. 7, p. 530-535, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00125a009.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"530","endPage":"535","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05c8e4b0c8380cd50f60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, R. J.","contributorId":60650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, R.M.","contributorId":58639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gilroy, E.J.","contributorId":20306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilroy","given":"E.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70013396,"text":"70013396 - 1984 - Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-06T15:57:06.613394","indexId":"70013396","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Several methods for the analysis of remotely sensed reflectance data are compared, including empirical methods and scattering theories, both of which are important for solving remote sensing problems. The concept of the photon mean optical path length and the implications for use in modeling reflectance spectra are presented. It is shown that the mean optical path length in a particulate surface is in rough inverse proportion to the square root of the absorption coefficient. Thus, the stronger absorber a material is, the less photons will penetrate into the surface. The concept of apparent absorbance (‐In reflectance) is presented, and it is shown that absorption bands, which are Gaussian in shape when plotted as absorption coefficient (true absorbance) versus photon energy, are also Gaussians in apparent absorbance. However, the Gaussians in apparent absorbance have a smaller intensity and a width which is a factor of √2 larger. An apparent continuum in a reflectance spectrum is modeled as a mathematical function used to isolate a particular absorption feature for analysis. It is shown that a continuum should be removed by dividing it into the reflectance spectrum or subtracting it from the apparent absorbance and that the fitting of Gaussians to absorption features should be done using apparent absorbance versus photon energy. Kubelka‐Munk theory is only valid for materials with small total absorption and for bihemispherical reflectance, which are rarely encountered in geologic remote sensing. It is shown that the recently advocated bidirectional reflectance theories have the potential for use in deriving mineral abundance from a reflectance spectrum.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB07p06329","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.N., and Roush, T.L., 1984, Reflectance spectroscopy: Quantitative analysis techniques for remote sensing applications: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, no. B7, p. 6329-6340, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB07p06329.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"6329","endPage":"6340","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a43ae4b0e8fec6cdbad3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":365977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roush, T. L.","contributorId":77661,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roush","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":7000068,"text":"7000068 - 1984 - MiniCatalog of map data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"7000068","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"MiniCatalog of map data","docAbstract":"A brief catalog of the types of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000068","usgsCitation":"National Cartographic Information Center, 1984, MiniCatalog of map data: General Interest Publication, 2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17.29 inches x 22.29 inches, Sheet 2: 17.29 inches x 22.35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/7000068.","productDescription":"2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17.29 inches x 22.29 inches, Sheet 2: 17.29 inches x 22.35 inches","costCenters":[{"id":409,"text":"National Cartographic Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261223,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000068/report.pdf"},{"id":261224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Cartographic Information Center","contributorId":128093,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Cartographic Information Center","id":535094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013196,"text":"70013196 - 1984 - Semi-quantitative ion microprobe mass analyses of mineral-rich particles from the upper freeport coal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-24T01:28:13.779461","indexId":"70013196","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semi-quantitative ion microprobe mass analyses of mineral-rich particles from the upper freeport coal","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>An ion microprobe mass analyzer (IMMA) has been used to analyze semi-quantitatively mineral-rich coal particles from two separate facies of the Upper Freeport coal bed. Accuracy is estimated to be ∓ 20% for those elements making up more than 0.1 wt.% of the particles and ∓ 50% for elements making up less than 0.1 wt.%. Using IMMA data, we found statistically significant differences between the two samples for five (Fe, Ca, Mn, Li, Ce) of the 25 elements detected. For Li and Mn the differences between the mineral-rich particles within samples were similar to differences found between samples on a whole-coal basis. For Ca and Fe, the differences are attributed to different modes of occurrence, and for Ce, the differences are probably due to an irregular distribution of an inorganic phase. We conclude that the IMMA can be used to obtain semi-quantitative data that may provide insight into the distribution and mode of occurrence of some of the elements in coal.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(84)90021-1","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Finkelman, R.B., Simons, D., Dulong, F., and Steel, E., 1984, Semi-quantitative ion microprobe mass analyses of mineral-rich particles from the upper freeport coal: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 3, no. 3, p. 279-289, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(84)90021-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"289","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220631,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d08e4b08c986b318234","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simons, D.S.","contributorId":47081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simons","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steel, E.B.","contributorId":18904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steel","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70013481,"text":"70013481 - 1984 - CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND VARIATION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS IN KENTUCKY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013481","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND VARIATION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS IN KENTUCKY.","docAbstract":"Precipitation, topography, runoff, soils, and land use are the major causative factors of sediment yield in Kentucky. The variability and interaction of these factors directly affects the amount and type of sediment yields. Sediment yield and size data were collected during 1942-45 and 1951-81 throughout the five major physiographic regions of Kentucky and at selected stations on the main stem of the Ohio River. The highest average annual suspended-sediment discharge, the average percent sand in suspended sediment, and the bedload discharge for selected stations were noted in the article.","largerWorkTitle":"University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1984 Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation.","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Kentucky","publisherLocation":"Office of Engineering Services, Lexington, KY, USA","issn":"02706504","isbn":"0897790626","usgsCitation":"Sholar, C.J., 1984, CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND VARIATION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS IN KENTUCKY., <i>in</i> University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU, Lexington, KY, USA, p. 141-147.","startPage":"141","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2c7e4b0c8380cd4b36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sholar, Clyde J.","contributorId":85614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholar","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70013412,"text":"70013412 - 1984 - DEFINITION FOR TALC.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013412","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DEFINITION FOR TALC.","docAbstract":"Talc is a naturally occurring single-phase mineral having the approximate chemical formula Mg//3Si//4O//1//0(OH)//2 and a specific type of crystal structure. Talc commonly forms by hydrothermal alteration of rocks rich in magnesium and iron (ultramafic rocks) and by low-grade thermal metamorphism of siliceous dolomites. The fact that talc often occurs in association with other minerals, or that its crystalline form may be platy, fibrous, acicular, or massive, does not modify its definition. The paper discusses variations in talc chemical composition and its crystal structure and describes its characteristic physical properties.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"Definitions for Asbestos and Other Health-Related Silicates.","conferenceLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, USA","issn":"00660558","isbn":"0803102097","usgsCitation":"Ross, M., 1984, DEFINITION FOR TALC., <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, Philadelphia, PA, USA, p. 193-197.","startPage":"193","endPage":"197","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220255,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd3ee4b0c8380cd4e6ef","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Levadie Benjamin","contributorId":128390,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Levadie Benjamin","id":536269,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ross, Malcolm","contributorId":100372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}