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Recent studies have suggested significant warming of water temperatures in individual lakes across many different regions around the world. However, the spatial and temporal coherence associated with the magnitude of these trends remains unclear. Thus, a global data set of water temperature is required to understand and synthesize global, long-term trends in surface water temperatures of inland bodies of water. We assembled a database of summer lake surface temperatures for 291 lakes collected&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;and/or by satellites for the period 1985&ndash;2009. In addition, corresponding climatic drivers (air temperatures, solar radiation, and cloud cover) and geomorphometric characteristics (latitude, longitude, elevation, lake surface area, maximum depth, mean depth, and volume) that influence lake surface temperatures were compiled for each lake. 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Schindler","affiliations":[{"id":17978,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":61},{"text":"Geoffrey Schladow","contributorId":150305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geoffrey Schladow","affiliations":[{"id":17979,"text":"UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center, Incline Village, Nevada, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":62},{"text":"Schmidt, Silke R.","contributorId":150306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Silke","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17980,"text":"Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":63},{"text":"Schultz, Tracey","contributorId":150307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Tracey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17981,"text":"Sydney Catchment Authority, Penrith, NSW, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":64},{"text":"Silow, Eugene A. 0000-0002-7039-3220","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7039-3220","contributorId":150308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silow","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17982,"text":"Scientific Research Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":65},{"text":"Straile, Dietmar","contributorId":150309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Straile","given":"Dietmar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17983,"text":"Department of Biology, Universitat Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":66},{"text":"Teubner, Katrin","contributorId":150310,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teubner","given":"Katrin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17984,"text":"Department of Limnology and Biological Oceanography, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":67},{"text":"Verburg, Piet","contributorId":150311,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verburg","given":"Piet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17985,"text":"National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Hamilton, New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":68},{"text":"Voutilainen, Ari","contributorId":150312,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voutilainen","given":"Ari","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17986,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":69},{"text":"Watkinson, Andrew","contributorId":150313,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkinson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17987,"text":"Seqwater, Ipswich, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":70},{"text":"Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.","contributorId":150314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weyhenmeyer","given":"Gesa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17988,"text":"Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":71},{"text":"Craig E. Williamson","contributorId":146156,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig E. Williamson","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":72},{"text":"Woo, Kara H.","contributorId":150315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woo","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17989,"text":"Center for Environmental Research, Education and Outreach, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":73}]}}
,{"id":70159279,"text":"70159279 - 2015 - Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-16T13:28:34","indexId":"70159279","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0015\">Clean sampling and analysis procedures were used to quantify more than 70 inorganic constituents, including 35 potentially toxic or hazardous constituents, organic carbon, and other characteristics of untreated (influent) and treated (effluent) coal-mine discharges (CMD) at 38 permitted coal-mining or coal-processing facilities in the bituminous coalfield and 4 facilities in the anthracite coalfield of Pennsylvania. Of the 42 facilities sampled during 2011, 26 were surface mines, 11 were underground mines, and 5 were coal refuse disposal operations. Treatment of CMD with caustic soda (NaOH), lime (CaO or Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>), flocculent, or limestone was ongoing at 21%, 40%, 6%, and 4% of the facilities, respectively; no chemicals were added at the remaining facilities. All facilities with CMD treatment incorporated structures for active or passive aeration and settling of metal-rich precipitate.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0020\">The untreated influent samples had wide ranges of pH (2.8&ndash;7.6), hot acidity (&minus;600 to 8000&nbsp;mg/L as CaCO<sub>3</sub>), specific conductance (SC; 253&ndash;13,000&nbsp;&mu;S/cm), total dissolved solids (TDS; 168&ndash;18,100&nbsp;mg/L), and associated dissolved (&lt;0.45-&mu;m pore-size filter) constituents, including SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;(14.7&ndash;10,700&nbsp;mg/L), Fe (&lt;0.01 to 4100&nbsp;mg/L), Mn (0.02&ndash;136&nbsp;mg/L), Al (&lt;0.01 to 128&nbsp;mg/L), and Zn (&lt;0.003 to 18.8&nbsp;mg/L). Concentrations of Ag (&lt;1&nbsp;&mu;g/L), Hg (&lt;1&nbsp;&mu;g/L), Sn (&lt;0.5&nbsp;&mu;g/L), and CN (&lt;0.01&nbsp;mg/L) were below detection limits. Only one influent sample met permitted mine effluent (PME) limits plus dissolved-constituent criteria maximum concentration (CMC) thresholds for the protection of freshwater aquatic organisms.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0025\">The pH of the treated effluent samples ranged from 5.5 to 11.9 and was greater than or equal to the pH of the corresponding influent at all sites. All the effluent samples met CMC levels for dissolved concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cl, Cr, Pb, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, NH<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>3</sub>, and CN; however, nine violated one or more of the PME limits for pH (&lt;6,<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1), net acidity (&gt;0,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3), Fe (&gt;7&nbsp;mg/L,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1), or Mn (&gt;5&nbsp;mg/L,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;8), plus one or more exceeded CMC levels for Al (&gt;0.75&nbsp;mg/L,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;2), Co (&gt;95&nbsp;&mu;g/L,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;5), Zn (&gt;307&nbsp;&mu;g/L,<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1), Cu (&gt;7.4&nbsp;&mu;g/L,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;1), or Se (&gt;12.8&nbsp;&mu;g/L,&nbsp;<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;3). Although CMC exceedances for Co and Zn were attributed to samples also violating the PME limit for pH or Mn, the samples that exceeded the CMC for Al, Cu, or Se met applicable PME limits for pH, Fe, and Mn. Furthermore, many of the pH-compliant effluents did not meet reference criteria for SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;and related measures of ionic strength, including TDS, SC, and osmotic pressure.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0030\">The Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks statistic was used to test if the overall difference between the effluent and influent pairs was equal to zero. Constituents that statistically were the same for effluent and influent (<i>p</i>&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;0.05) included flow rate, SC, osmotic pressure, hardness, alkalinity, total organic carbon (TOC), K, Cl, NO<sub>3</sub>, PO<sub>4</sub>, Sb, Sr, Br, Se, Mo, and V. Although temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, Ca, and Na were greater in the effluent than the influent, most constituents decreased as a result of treatment, including TDS, acidity, SO<sub>4</sub>, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, F, Pb, Ni, NH<sub>3</sub>, Tl, Ti, U, Zn, Zr, total phenols, total inorganic carbon (TIC), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Nevertheless, some constituents that decreased, such as SO<sub>4</sub>, still did not meet reference criteria.</p>\n<p id=\"sp0035\">Findings from this study suggest that typical chemical or aerobic treatment of CMD to pH&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;6 with removal of Fe to &lt;7&nbsp;mg/L and Mn to &lt;5&nbsp;mg/L may provide a reasonable measure of protection for aquatic life from priority pollutant metals and other toxic or hazardous constituents in effluent but may not be effective for achieving permissible or background levels for TDS, SC, osmotic pressure, or concentrations of SO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;and some other pollutants, including Se, Br, and Cl, if present.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England; New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.001","collaboration":"Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Cravotta, I., and Brady, K.B., 2015, Priority pollutants and associated constituents in untreated and treated discharges from coal mining or processing facilities in Pennsylvania, USA: Applied Geochemistry, v. 62, p. 108-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.001.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"130","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043932","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bituminous and Anthracite Coalfields","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.452880859375,\n              41.51680395810115\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.969970703125,\n 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Protection","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70144290,"text":"70144290 - 2015 - Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (<i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i>) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T10:00:20","indexId":"70144290","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1555,"text":"Environmental Pollution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (<i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i>) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Pacific lampreys (</span><i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i><span>) have resided in the Columbia River Basin for millennia and have great ecological and cultural importance. The role of habitat contamination in the recent decline of the species has rarely been studied and was the main objective of this effort. A wide range of contaminants (115 analytes) was measured in sediments and tissues at 27 sites across a large geographic area of diverse land use. This is the largest dataset of contaminants in habitats and tissues of Pacific lamprey in North America and the first study to compare contaminant bioburden during the larval life stage and the anadromous, adult portion of the life cycle. Bioaccumulation of pesticides, flame retardants, and mercury was observed at many sites. Based on available data, contaminants are accumulating in larval Pacific lamprey at levels that are likely detrimental to organism health and may be contributing to the decline of the species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003","usgsCitation":"Nilsen, E.B., Hapke, W., McIlraith, B., and Markovchick, D.J., 2015, Reconnaissance of contaminants in larval Pacific lamprey (<i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i>) tissues and habitats in the Columbia River Basin, Oregon and Washington, USA: Environmental Pollution, v. 201, p. 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.003.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"121","endPage":"130","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056929","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.442138671875,\n              43.51668853502909\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.442138671875,\n              47.73932336136857\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.45507812500001,\n              47.73932336136857\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.45507812500001,\n              43.51668853502909\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.442138671875,\n              43.51668853502909\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"201","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f36e4b0323842781b10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Whitney B. whapke@usgs.gov","contributorId":139936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Whitney B.","email":"whapke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIlraith, Brian","contributorId":139919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McIlraith","given":"Brian","affiliations":[{"id":13314,"text":"Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markovchick, Dennis J. markovch@usgs.gov","contributorId":5960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markovchick","given":"Dennis","email":"markovch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70140158,"text":"ofr20151016 - 2015 - Bibliography for acid-rock drainage and selected acid-mine drainage issues related to acid-rock drainage from transportation activities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T15:22:13","indexId":"ofr20151016","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1016","title":"Bibliography for acid-rock drainage and selected acid-mine drainage issues related to acid-rock drainage from transportation activities","docAbstract":"<p><span>Acid-rock drainage occurs through the interaction of rainfall on pyrite-bearing formations. When pyrite (FeS</span><sub>2</sub><span>) is exposed to oxygen and water in mine workings or roadcuts, the mineral decomposes and sulfur may react to form sulfuric acid, which often results in environmental problems and potential damage to the transportation infrastructure. The accelerated oxidation of pyrite and other sulfidic minerals generates low pH water with potentially high concentrations of trace metals. Much attention has been given to contamination arising from acid mine drainage, but studies related to acid-rock drainage from road construction are relatively limited. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation, is conducting an investigation to evaluate the occurrence and processes controlling acid-rock drainage and contaminant transport from roadcuts in Tennessee. The basic components of acid-rock drainage resulting from transportation activities are described and a bibliography, organized by relevant categories (remediation, geochemical, microbial, biological impact, and secondary mineralization) is presented.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Bradley, M., and Worland, S.C., 2015, Bibliography for acid-rock drainage and selected acid-mine drainage issues related to acid-rock drainage from transportation activities: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1016, iii, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151016.","productDescription":"iii, 16 p.","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058759","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151016.jpg"},{"id":298583,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1016/"},{"id":298584,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1016/pdf/ofr2015-1016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.22 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -88.05541992187499,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.05541992187499,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.35205078124999,\n              36.491973470593685\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.428955078125,\n              34.96699890670367\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.73779296875,\n              35.0120020431607\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.309814453125,\n              36.20882309283712\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.2548828125,\n              36.5978891330702\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.05541992187499,\n              36.66841891894786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f098e4b02e76d757c122","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Mike 0000-0002-2979-265X mbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-265X","contributorId":582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Mike","email":"mbradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worland, Scott C. 0000-0001-6384-2457 scworland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6384-2457","contributorId":5802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worland","given":"Scott","email":"scworland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70099132,"text":"sir20135176 - 2015 - Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T14:05:53","indexId":"sir20135176","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5176","title":"Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Halite and the sodium bicarbonate mineral nahcolite were deposited in Eocene-age saline Lake Uinta in the Piceance Basin, northwestern Colorado. Variations in the areal extent of saline mineral deposition through time were studied using descriptions of core and outcrop. Saline minerals have been extensively leached by groundwater, and the original extent of saline deposition was determined from the distribution of empty vugs and collapse breccias. Because vugs and breccias strongly influence groundwater movement, determining where leaching has occurred is an important consideration for in-situ oil shale extraction methods currently being developed.</p>\n<p>Lake Uinta formed when two much smaller freshwater lakes, one in the Uinta Basin and the other in the Piceance Basin, expanded and coalesced across the Douglas Creek arch. Early Lake Uinta inherited much of the topography in the freshwater lake and surrounding alluvial plains that preceded it, and the deep central lake area of Lake Uinta developed largely over the offshore area of the freshwater lake. A prolonged period of infilling followed the formation of Lake Uinta, creating broad lake-margin shelves prior to the onset of saline mineral deposition. These shelves almost certainly played a critical role in the evolution of the brine layer that accumulated in the deep central lake area. Broad marginal shelves formed as well around the Uinta Basin part of Lake Uinta. Brines that formed on those shelves also probably migrated to the deep central lake area in the Piceance Basin, as no saline minerals were deposited in the Uinta Basin until late in the history of Lake Uinta.</p>\n<p>Oil shale in the deep central lake consists of interbedded laminate oil shale beds that originated within the deep lake area, and blebby and streaked oil shale beds that were transported into the deep lake area by sediment gravity flows. Blebby and streaked oil shale beds contain carbonate clasts and siliciclastic clasts similar to lithologies found on the marginal shelves. It is possible that these clasts and the highly saline brines that evolved on the marginal shelves were incorporated into the same gravity flows.</p>\n<p>Saline mineral deposition is informally subdivided into early, middle, and late phases. During the early phase, nahcolite and rich oil shale were deposited in the deep central lake area, and carbonate-rich sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone and ostracodal, oolitic, algal limestone were deposited on the marginal shelves. During the middle saline mineral phase, oil shale deposition gradually expanded across the marginal shelves, and by the end of that phase, oil shale deposition covered almost all of the former shelf areas. An increasing flow of water from Lake Gosiute to the north, as it was gradually filled in by volcaniclastics, may have caused this expansion. Saline mineral deposition also expanded during the middle saline mineral phase, reaching to near the former shelf break by the end of that phase. This suggests that the former shelf break remained a topographic feature that confined the deep saline brine layer throughout the middle phase.</p>\n<p>By the beginning of the late saline mineral phase, Lake Gosiute had been completely filled in and volcaniclastic debris reached the northern shore of Lake Uinta. This initiated a north-to-south infilling of the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta that progressively pushed the saline mineral area southward and ultimately onto the former marginal shelf areas in the southern part of the basin. A saline mineral area formed for the first time in the eastern part of the Uinta Basin during this infilling and, for a time, saline minerals were deposited in both basins. By the end of the late saline phase, the Piceance Basin part of Lake Uinta was filled in and saline mineral deposition shifted entirely into the Uinta Basin.</p>\n<p>Leaching of saline minerals began sometime after the Green River Formation was lithified enough to allow collapse breccias to form. Leaching is ongoing today, indicated by the discharge of highly saline water from a series of springs in the northern part of the basin. Groundwater invasion and saline mineral dissolution is commonly incomplete in areas that lack fractures, leaving behind pockets of unleached saline minerals in otherwise leached intervals. Today, the base of the leached zone slopes toward the north and toward the area where the brines are being discharged.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135176","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.C., and Brownfield, M.E., 2015, Development, evolution, and destruction of the saline mineral area of Eocene Lake Uinta, Piceance Basin, western Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5176, Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 62.38 x 42.40 inches and 95.69 x 59.99 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135176.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 76 p.; 2 Plates: 62.38 x 42.40 inches and 95.69 x 59.99 inches","numberOfPages":"87","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044487","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298576,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135176.jpg"},{"id":298573,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/pdf/sir2013-5176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"32.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Report"},{"id":298572,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/"},{"id":298574,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/downloads/plate_01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"53.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Plate 1"},{"id":298575,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5176/downloads/plate_02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"4.70 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2013-5176 Plate 2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Eocene Lake Uinta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.46728515624999,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.51123046875,\n              38.151837403006766\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.36962890624999,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.36962890624999,\n              42.45588764197166\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.56640625,\n              43.43696596521823\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f09de4b02e76d757c124","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Ronald C. 0000-0002-6197-5165 rcjohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6197-5165","contributorId":1550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ronald","email":"rcjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70136356,"text":"ofr20141259 - 2015 - The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-16T08:44:15","indexId":"ofr20141259","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-16T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1259","title":"The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007","docAbstract":"<p><span>Surveys documenting the composition of species of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) have been conducted in the Potomac River for decades. These surveys can help managers assess the proportion of native and exotic plants in the river or can be used to determine relationships between native and exotic plants, environmental conditions, and wildlife. SAV coverage increased from 2005 to 2007 throughout the fresh and oligohaline study area. The 2007 survey documented here determined that eleven species of SAV were present. The abundance of the exotic species&nbsp;</span><i>Hydrilla verticillata</i><span>&nbsp;(hydrilla) was relatively low, and species diversity was relatively high compared to previous years. The survey also revealed a new population of the invasive, floating aquatic plant&nbsp;</span><i>Pistia stratiotes</i><span>&nbsp;(water lettuce). In 2007, water lettuce, the latest exotic aquatic plant to be found in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River, was most abundant in Mattawoman Creek, Charles County, Maryland. However, it was not observed in the fresh to oligohaline portion of the Potomac River in the summer of 2008. An understanding of the distribution of SAV species and factors governing the abundance of native and invasive aquatic species is enhanced by long-term surveys.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141259","usgsCitation":"Campbell, S.H., Rybicki, N.B., and Schenk, E.R., 2015, The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation and water lettuce in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1259, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141259.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011359","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141259.jpg"},{"id":298551,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/"},{"id":298552,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1259/pdf/ofr2014-1259.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.00523376464844,\n              38.74819282375652\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00660705566406,\n              38.6897975322717\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12745666503906,\n              38.66781998344701\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.10960388183592,\n              38.69247725944551\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02583312988281,\n              38.74765730401543\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00523376464844,\n              38.74819282375652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.2998046875,\n              38.53527591154413\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.22084045410156,\n              38.54870243589558\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.26547241210936,\n              38.4632670276956\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28744506835938,\n              38.34057907754285\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33345031738281,\n              38.3384247989913\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33139038085938,\n              38.40302528453207\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32933044433594,\n              38.4514377951069\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2998046875,\n              38.53527591154413\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.92558288574219,\n              38.301792263441016\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92558288574219,\n              38.31903340948611\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.90292358398438,\n              38.31903340948611\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.90292358398438,\n              38.301792263441016\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92558288574219,\n              38.301792263441016\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5507f0a0e4b02e76d757c128","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Sarah Hunter","contributorId":139663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"Hunter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70138818,"text":"ds915 - 2015 - Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-12T16:36:48","indexId":"ds915","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"915","title":"Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Water-quality, hydrological, and ecological data collected from June 2005 through September 2013 from the Little Blue River and smaller streams within the City of Independence, Missouri, are presented in this report. These data were collected as a part of an ongoing cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the City of Independence Water Pollution Control Department to characterize the water quality and ecological condition of Independence streams. The quantities, sources of selected constituents, and processes affecting water quality and aquatic life were evaluated to determine the resulting ecological condition of streams within Independence. Data collected for this study fulfill the municipal separate sewer system permit requirements for the City of Independence and can be used to provide a baseline with which city managers can determine the effectiveness of current (2014) and future best management practices within Independence. Continuous streamflow and water-quality data, collected during base flow and stormflow, included physical and chemical properties, inorganic constituents, common organic micro-constituents, pesticides in streambed sediment and surface water, fecal indicator bacteria and microbial source tracking data, and suspended sediment. Dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, water temperature, and turbidity data were measured continuously at seven sites within Independence. Base-flow and stormflow samples were collected at eight gaged and two ungaged sites. Fecal sources samples were collected for reference for microbial source tracking, and sewage influent samples were collected as additional source samples. Dry-weather screening was done on 11 basins within Independence to identify potential contaminant sources to the streams. Benthic macroinvertebrate community surveys and habitat assessments were done on 10 stream sites and 2 comparison sites outside the city. Sampling and laboratory procedures and quality-assurance and quality-control methods used in data collection for this study are described in this report.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds915","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Independence, Missouri, Water Pollution Control Department","usgsCitation":"Niesen, S.L., and Christensen, E.D., 2015, Hydrological, water-quality, and ecological data for streams in Independence, Missouri, June 2005 through September 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 915, Report: x, 80 p.; 2 Appendices; 5 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds915.","productDescription":"Report: x, 80 p.; 2 Appendices; 5 Tables","startPage":"80","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","ipdsId":"IP-059795","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298475,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds915.jpg"},{"id":298466,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_Appendix01.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"170 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 1"},{"id":298464,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/"},{"id":298467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_Appendix02.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"266 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2"},{"id":298468,"rank":6,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table08.xlsx","text":"Table 8","size":"223 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 8"},{"id":298465,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/pdf/ds915.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.91 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298469,"rank":7,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table09.xlsx","text":"Table 9","size":"231 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 9"},{"id":298470,"rank":8,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10","size":"229 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 10"},{"id":298473,"rank":9,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table19.xlsx","text":"Table 19","size":"237 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 19"},{"id":298474,"rank":10,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0915/downloads/ds915_table21.xlsx","text":"Table 21","size":"282 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 21"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Independence","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.51194763183594,\n              39.03945298873317\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.51194763183594,\n              39.13964713662539\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32518005371094,\n              39.13964713662539\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.32518005371094,\n              39.03945298873317\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.51194763183594,\n              39.03945298873317\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5502aa98e4b02e76d7564e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niesen, Shelley L. ssevern@usgs.gov","contributorId":4583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Niesen","given":"Shelley","email":"ssevern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christensen, Eric D. echriste@usgs.gov","contributorId":4230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Eric","email":"echriste@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142450,"text":"fs20153019 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T21:04:52","indexId":"fs20153019","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3019","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, elevation data are critical for natural resources conservation (including the effects of drilling for oil and natural gas), agriculture and precision farming, flood risk management, infrastructure and construction management, water supply and quality, geologic resource assessment and hazard mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to replace data that are older and of lower quality. A joint goal of Commonwealth and Federal partners is to provide a temporal and density refresh of the current statewide coverage in order to support existing and emerging applications enabled by improved lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153019","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Pennsylvania (Version 1: Originally posted March 12, 2015; Version 1.1: June 24, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3019, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153019.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060799","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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,{"id":70142446,"text":"fs20153018 - 2015 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T15:06:20","indexId":"fs20153018","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3018","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Iowa","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Iowa, elevation data are critical for agriculture and precision farming, infrastructure and construction management, natural resources conservation, flood risk management, water supply and quality, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153018","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2015, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Iowa (Version 1.0: Originally posted March 12, 2015; Version 1.1: June 25, 2015): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153018.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060453","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial 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Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70137387,"text":"sir20155001 - 2015 - Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:18:37","indexId":"sir20155001","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5001","title":"Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012","docAbstract":"<p>In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Water Resources, compiled updated low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected continuous-record streamgages in North Carolina. The compilation of updated streamflow statistics provides regulators and planners with relevant hydrologic information reflective of the recent droughts, which can be used to better manage the quantity and quality of streams in North Carolina. Streamflow records available through the 2012 water year1 were used to determine the annual (based on climatic year2) and winter 7-day, 10-year (7Q10, W7Q10) low-flow discharges, the 30-day, 2-year (30Q2) low-flow discharge, and the 7-day, 2-year (7Q2) low-flow discharge. Consequently, streamflow records available through March 31, 2012 (or the 2011 climatic year) were used to determine the updated low-flow characteristics. Low-flow characteristics were published for 177 unregulated sites, 56 regulated sites, and 33 sites known or considered to be affected by varying degrees of minor regulation and (or) diversions upstream from the streamgages (266 sites total). The updated 7Q10 discharges were compared for 63 streamgages across North Carolina where (1) long-term streamflow record consisted of 30 or more climatic years of data available as of the 1998 climatic year, and (2) streamflows were not known to be regulated. The 7Q10 discharges did not change for 3 sites, whereas increases and decreases were noted at 5 and 55 sites, respectively. Positive changes (increases) ranged from 4.3 percent (site 362) to 34.1 percent (site 112) with a median of 13.2 percent. Negative percentage changes (decreases) ranged from &ndash;3.3 percent (site 514) to &ndash;80.0 percent (site 308) with a median of &ndash;22.2 percent. The median percentage change for all 63 streamgages was &ndash;18.4 percent. Streamflow statistics determined as a part of this compilation included minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges for categorical periods. Flow-duration statistics based on the daily mean discharge records were compiled in this study for the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. Flow-duration statistics were determined for each complete water year of record at a streamgage as well as the available period of record (or selected periods if flows were regulated) and selected seasonal, monthly, and calendar day periods. In addition to the streamflow statistics compiled for each of the water years, the number of days the daily mean discharge was at or below the 10th percentile was summed for each water year as well as the number of events during the water year when streamflow was consistently at or below the 10th percentile. All low-flow characteristics for the streamgages were added into the StreamStatsDB, which is a database accessible to users through the recently released USGS StreamStats application for North Carolina. The minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges based on the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of record were updated in the North Carolina StreamStatsDB. However, for the selected seasonal, monthly, calendar day, and annual water year periods, tab-delimited American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) tables of the streamflow statistics are available online to users from a link provided in the StreamStats application. 1The annual period from October 1 through September 30, designated by the year in which the period ends. 2The annual period from April 1 through March 31, designated by the year in which the period begins.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J.C., 2016, Low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics for selected USGS continuous-record streamgaging stations in North Carolina through 2012 (ver. 1.1, March 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015–5001, 89 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20155001.","productDescription":"vii, 89 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051713","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318509,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/versionHist.txt","size":"3.96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2015-5001"},{"id":318636,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"linkHelpText":"An alternative method to accessing the streamflow statistcs not provided in the report outside of the StreamStats application http://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/north_carolina.html is through the Downloads Directory link above. Tables 3 and 5 in the report provide the low-flow characteristics and flow-duration statistics, respectively, for the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of records at the streamages.  The Downloads directory contains the minimum, mean, maximum, and flow-duration statistics of daily mean discharges based on the available (or selected if regulated flows) period of record, each complete water year of record, each calendar day, each month, and selected seasonal periods."},{"id":318508,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/pdf/sir20155001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.73 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2015-5001"},{"id":318510,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/images/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":298463,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5001/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","edition":"Originally posted March 12, 2015; Version 1.1: March 3, 2016","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_nc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, South Atlantic Water Science Center<br /> U.S. Geological Survey<br /> 3916 Sunset Ridge Road<br /> Raleigh, NC 27607<br /> <a href=\"http://nc.water.usgs.gov/\">http://nc.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul>\n<li>Abstract</li>\n<li>Introduction</li>\n<li>Low-Flow Characteristics</li>\n<li>Flow-Duration Statistics</li>\n<li>Summary and Conclusions</li>\n<li>References Cited</li>\n<li>Glossary</li>\n</ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"publishedDate":"2015-03-12","revisedDate":"2016-03-03","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5502aa9be4b02e76d7564e96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis 0000-0001-7068-5445 jcweaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7068-5445","contributorId":2229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.","email":"jcweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Curtis","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70139403,"text":"cir1406 - 2015 - Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T17:15:37.569311","indexId":"cir1406","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-12T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1406","title":"Understanding nutrients in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and implications for management and restoration: The Eastern Shore","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Eastern Shore includes only a small part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but contributes disproportionately large loads of the excess nitrogen and phosphorus that have contributed to ecological and economic degradation of the bay in recent decades. Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States and a vital ecological and economic resource. The bay and its tributaries have been degraded in recent decades by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column, however, which cause harmful algal blooms and decreased water clarity, submerged aquatic vegetation, and dissolved oxygen. The disproportionately large nitrogen and phosphorus yields from the Eastern Shore to Chesapeake Bay are attributable to human land-use practices as well as natural hydrogeologic and soil conditions. Applications of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds to the Eastern Shore from human activities are intensive. More than 90 percent of nitrogen and phosphorus reaching the land in the Eastern Shore is applied as part of inorganic fertilizers or manure, or (for nitrogen) fixed directly from the atmosphere in cropland. Also, hydrogeologic and soil conditions promote the movement of these compounds from application areas on the landscape to groundwater and (or) surface waters, and the proximity of much of the Eastern Shore to tidal waters limits opportunities for natural removal of these compounds in the landscape. The Eastern Shore only includes 7 percent of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, but receives nearly twice as much nitrogen and phosphorus applications (per area) as the remainder of the watershed and yields greater nitrogen and phosphorus, on average, to the bay. Nitrogen and phosphorus commonly occur in streams at concentrations that may adversely affect aquatic ecosystems and have increased in recent decades. </span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1406","productDescription":"vi, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059019","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503653,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101510.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":298383,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1406/pdf/circ1406.pdf","text":"Report","size":"23.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298382,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":70137274,"text":"sir20145231 - 2015 - A comparison of methods to predict historical daily streamflow time series in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T15:26:27","indexId":"sir20145231","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5231","title":"A comparison of methods to predict historical daily streamflow time series in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective and responsible management of water resources relies on a thorough understanding of the quantity and quality of available water. Streamgages cannot be installed at every location where streamflow information is needed. As part of its National Water Census, the U.S. Geological Survey is planning to provide streamflow predictions for ungaged locations. In order to predict streamflow at a useful spatial and temporal resolution throughout the Nation, efficient methods need to be selected. This report examines several methods used for streamflow prediction in ungaged basins to determine the best methods for regional and national implementation. A pilot area in the southeastern United States was selected to apply 19 different streamflow prediction methods and evaluate each method by a wide set of performance metrics. Through these comparisons, two methods emerged as the most generally accurate streamflow prediction methods: the nearest-neighbor implementations of nonlinear spatial interpolation using flow duration curves (NN-QPPQ) and standardizing logarithms of streamflow by monthly means and standard deviations (NN-SMS12L). It was nearly impossible to distinguish between these two methods in terms of performance. Furthermore, neither of these methods requires significantly more parameterization in order to be applied: NN-SMS12L requires 24 regional regressions&mdash;12 for monthly means and 12 for monthly standard deviations. NN-QPPQ, in the application described in this study, required 27 regressions of particular quantiles along the flow duration curve. Despite this finding, the results suggest that an optimal streamflow prediction method depends on the intended application. Some methods are stronger overall, while some methods may be better at predicting particular statistics. The methods of analysis presented here reflect a possible framework for continued analysis and comprehensive multiple comparisons of methods of prediction in ungaged basins (PUB). Additional metrics of comparison can easily be incorporated into this type of analysis. By considering such a multifaceted approach, the top-performing models can easily be identified and considered for further research. The top-performing models can then provide a basis for future applications and explorations by scientists, engineers, managers, and practitioners to suit their own needs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145231","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Department of the Interior WaterSMART Program","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., Archfield, S.A., Over, T.M., Hay, L.E., LaFontaine, J., and Kiang, J.E., 2015, A comparison of methods to predict historical daily streamflow time series in the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5231, Report: vi, 34 p.; Appendixes A-C; Tables 1-7, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145231.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 34 p.; Appendixes A-C; Tables 1-7","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057098","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298452,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145231.jpg"},{"id":298445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/"},{"id":298446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/pdf/sir2014-5231.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298447,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixa.pdf","text":"Appendix A","size":"59.2 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix A","linkHelpText":"A summary of sites where small portions of the historical record were completed using alternative techniques."},{"id":298448,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixb.pdf","text":"Appendix B","size":"200 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix B","linkHelpText":"A description of all basin characteristics considered as potential explanatory variables in the various regressions conducted as part of the Southeast Model Comparison."},{"id":298449,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixc.pdf","text":"Appendix C","size":"309 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix C","linkHelpText":"Supplemental Data"},{"id":298450,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/appendix/sir2014-5231_appendixc_figures.pdf","text":"Appendix C Figures","size":"184 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix C Figures"},{"id":298451,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5231/table/sir2014-5231_tables%201-7.pdf","text":"Tables 1-7","size":"185 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Tables 1-7","linkHelpText":"Contains: Records for each streamgage used in the Southeast Model Comparsion, a listing of all names and abbreviations of prediction methods, root-mean-square error data, fitted coefficients and goodness-of-fit statistics, mean rank performance metric, and mean and standard deviation of average ranks for each method of prediction."}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              24.387127324604496\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.97021484375,\n              39.01064750994083\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.97021484375,\n              24.387127324604496\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              24.387127324604496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a659ae4b03238427833e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - 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,{"id":70139794,"text":"sir20155008 - 2015 - Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T10:53:50","indexId":"sir20155008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5008","title":"Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013","docAbstract":"<p>In the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds in southwestern Montana, there was intensive mining during a 40-year period after the discovery of gold in the early 1860s. Potential effects from the historic mining activities include acid-mine drainage and elevated concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements from mining remnants such as waste rock and tailing piles. In support of remediation efforts, water-quality monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey began in 1997 in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds and has continued to present (2014). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service, investigated temporal trends in water quality at 13 sites, including 2 adit (or mine entrance) sites and 11 stream sites. The primary purpose of this report is to present results of trend analysis of specific conductance, selected trace-elements (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and arsenic), and suspended sediment for the 13 sites.</p>\n<p>Trend results for most stream sites in the Boulder River watershed for water years 2000&ndash;13 (water year is the 12-month period from October 1 through September 30 and is designated by the year in which it ends) indicate decreasing trends in flow-adjusted specific conductance, in flow-adjusted concentrations (FACs) for most filtered and unfiltered-recoverable trace elements, and in suspended sediment. Overall, magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of metallic contaminants are largest for Bullion Mine tributary at mouth (site 3), Jack Creek at mouth (site 4), and Cataract Creek at Basin (site 8). For sites 3, 4, and 8, magnitudes of decreasing trends generally ranged from about -5 to -10 percent per year. Notably, the watersheds upstream from sites 3, 4, and 8 have been targeted by substantial remediation activities. Consideration of trend patterns among all stream sites in the Boulder River watershed provides strong evidence that remediation activities are the primary cause of decreasing trends in metallic contaminants.</p>\n<p>Trend results for sites in the Tenmile Creek watershed generally are more variable and difficult to interpret than for sites in the Boulder River watershed. Trend results for Tenmile Creek above City Diversion (site 11) and Minnehaha Creek near Rimini (site 12) for water years 2000&ndash;13 indicate decreasing trends in FACs of cadmium, copper, and zinc. The magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of copper generally are moderate and statistically significant for sites 11 and 12. The magnitudes of the decreasing trends in FACs of cadmium and zinc for site 11 are minor to small and not statistically significant; however, the magnitudes for site 12 are moderate and statistically significant. In general, patterns in FACs for Tenmile Creek near Rimini (site 13) are not well represented by fitted trends within the short data collection period, which might indicate that the trend-analysis structure of the study is not appropriate for describing trends in FACs for site 13. The large decreasing trend in FACs of suspended sediment is the strongest indication of change in water quality during the short period of record for site 13; however, this trend is not statistically significant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Sando, S.K., Clark, M.L., Cleasby, T., and Barnhart, E.P., 2015, Water-quality trends for selected sites in the Boulder River and Tenmile Creek watersheds, Montana, based on data collected during water years 1997-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5008, Report: x, 46 p.; Appendix 1 tables; Appendix 2 table; Appendix 3 tables; Appendix 3 figures, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155008.","productDescription":"Report: x, 46 p.; Appendix 1 tables; Appendix 2 table; Appendix 3 tables; Appendix 3 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,{"id":70142756,"text":"70142756 - 2015 - Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T10:23:50","indexId":"70142756","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks","docAbstract":"<ol id=\"list-0001\" class=\"numbered\">\n<li>Movement is influenced by landscape structure, configuration and geometry, but measuring distance as perceived by animals poses technical and logistical challenges. Instead, movement is typically measured using Euclidean distance, irrespective of location or landscape structure, or is based on arbitrary cost surfaces. A recently proposed extension of spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models resolves this issue using spatial encounter histories of individuals to calculate least-cost paths (ecological distance:&nbsp;<i>Ecology</i>,<strong>&nbsp;94</strong>, 2013, 287) thereby relaxing the Euclidean assumption. We evaluate the consequences of not accounting for movement heterogeneity when estimating abundance in highly structured landscapes, and demonstrate the value of this approach for estimating biologically realistic space-use patterns and landscape connectivity.</li>\n<li>We simulated SCR data in a riparian habitat network, using the ecological distance model under a range of scenarios where space-use in and around the landscape was increasingly associated with water (i.e. increasingly less Euclidean). To assess the influence of miscalculating distance on estimates of population size, we compared the results from the ecological and Euclidean distance based models. We then demonstrate that the ecological distance model can be used to estimate home range geometry when space use is not symmetrical. Finally, we provide a method for calculating landscape connectivity based on modelled species-landscape interactions generated from capture-recapture data.</li>\n<li>Using ecological distance always produced unbiased estimates of abundance. Explicitly modelling the strength of the species-landscape interaction provided a direct measure of landscape connectivity and better characterised true home range geometry. Abundance under the Euclidean distance model was increasingly (negatively) biased as space use was more strongly associated with water and, because home ranges are assumed to be symmetrical, produced poor characterisations of home range geometry and no information about landscape connectivity.</li>\n<li>The ecological distance SCR model uses spatially indexed capture-recapture data to estimate how activity patterns are influenced by landscape structure. As well as reducing bias in estimates of abundance, this approach provides biologically realistic representations of home range geometry, and direct information about species-landscape interactions. The incorporation of both structural (landscape) and functional (movement) components of connectivity provides a direct measure of species-specific landscape connectivity.</li>\n</ol>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.12316","usgsCitation":"Sutherland, C., Fuller, A.K., and Royle, J., 2015, Modelling non-Euclidean movement and landscape connectivity in highly structured ecological networks: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 6, no. 2, p. 169-177, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12316.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060023","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.12316","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298416,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a65b0e4b032384278343e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sutherland, Christopher","contributorId":139624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutherland","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":139623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70173530,"text":"70173530 - 2015 - Quantifying avian predation on fish populations: integrating predator-specific deposition probabilities in tag-recovery studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-09T15:28:46","indexId":"70173530","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying avian predation on fish populations: integrating predator-specific deposition probabilities in tag-recovery studies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate assessment of specific mortality factors is vital to prioritize recovery actions for threatened and endangered species. For decades, tag recovery methods have been used to estimate fish mortality due to avian predation. Predation probabilities derived from fish tag recoveries on piscivorous waterbird colonies typically reflect minimum estimates of predation due to an unknown and unaccounted-for fraction of tags that are consumed but not deposited on-colony (i.e., deposition probability). We applied an integrated tag recovery modeling approach in a Bayesian context to estimate predation probabilities that accounted for predator-specific tag detection and deposition probabilities in a multiple-predator system. Studies of PIT tag deposition were conducted across three bird species nesting at seven different colonies in the Columbia River basin, USA. Tag deposition probabilities differed significantly among predator species (Caspian terns</span><i>Hydroprogne caspia</i><span>: deposition probability = 0.71, 95% credible interval [CRI] = 0.51&ndash;0.89; double-crested cormorants&nbsp;</span><i>Phalacrocorax auritus</i><span>: 0.51, 95% CRI = 0.34&ndash;0.70; California gulls&nbsp;</span><i>Larus californicus</i><span>: 0.15, 95% CRI = 0.11&ndash;0.21) but showed little variation across trials within a species or across years. Data from a 6-year study (2008&ndash;2013) of PIT-tagged juvenile Snake River steelhead&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i><span>&nbsp;(listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act) indicated that colony-specific predation probabilities ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.17 and varied by predator species, colony location, and year. Integrating the predator-specific deposition probabilities increased the predation probabilities by a factor of approximately 1.4 for Caspian terns, 2.0 for double-crested cormorants, and 6.7 for California gulls compared with traditional minimum predation rate methods, which do not account for deposition probabilities. Results supported previous findings on the high predation impacts from strictly piscivorous waterbirds nesting in the Columbia River estuary (i.e., terns and cormorants), but our findings also revealed greater impacts of a generalist predator species (i.e., California gulls) than were previously documented. Approaches used in this study allow for direct comparisons among multiple fish mortality factors and considerably improve the reliability of tag recovery models for estimating predation probabilities in multiple-predator systems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.988882","usgsCitation":"Hostetter, N.J., Evans, A.F., Cramer, B.M., Collis, K., Lyons, D., and Roby, D.D., 2015, Quantifying avian predation on fish populations: integrating predator-specific deposition probabilities in tag-recovery studies: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 2, p. 410-422, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.988882.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"410","endPage":"422","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058968","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472214,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Quantifying_Avian_Predation_on_Fish_Populations_Integrating_Predator_Specific_Deposition_Probabilities_in_Tag_Recovery_Studies/1332455","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575a9335e4b04f417c275178","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetter, Nathan J.","contributorId":171690,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hostetter","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Allen F.","contributorId":171691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Allen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cramer, Bradley M.","contributorId":171692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cramer","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Collis, Ken","contributorId":149991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collis","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17879,"text":"Real Time Research, Inc., 231 SW Scalehouse Loop, Suite 101, Bend, OR 97702","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":638315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyons, Donald E.","contributorId":20119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"Donald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roby, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9844-0992 droby@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-0992","contributorId":3702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roby","given":"Daniel","email":"droby@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70140080,"text":"sir20145212 - 2015 - Water-quality characteristics in runoff for three discovery farms in North Dakota, 2008-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:04:51","indexId":"sir20145212","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5212","title":"Water-quality characteristics in runoff for three discovery farms in North Dakota, 2008-12","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with North Dakota State University Agriculture Research Extension and in collaboration with North Dakota State Department of Health, North Dakota State Water Commission, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and several agricultural producers, helped organize a Discovery Farms program in North Dakota in 2007. Discharge measurements and water-quality samples collected at the three Farms (Underwood, Dazey, and Embden) were used to describe water-quality characteristics in runoff, and compute estimates of annual loads and yields for selected constituents from spring 2008 through fall 2012.</p>\n<p>Consistent patterns in water quality emerged at each individual farm, but similarities among farms also were observed. Suspended sediment, total phosphorus, and ammonia concentrations generally decreased downstream from feeding areas, and were primarily affected by surface runoff processes such as dilution, settling out of sediment, or vegetative uptake. Because surface runoff affects these constituents, increased annual surface runoff volume tended to result in increased loads and yields. No significant change in nitrate plus nitrite concentration were observed downstream from feeding areas because additional processes such as high solubility, nitrification, denitrification, and surface-groundwater interaction affect nitrate plus nitrite. For nitrate plus nitrite, increases in annual runoff volume did not consistently relate to increases in annual loads and yields. It seems that temporal distribution of precipitation and surface-groundwater interaction affected nitrate plus nitrite loads and yields. For surface drainage sites, the primary form of nitrogen was organic nitrogen whereas for subsurface drainage sites, the primary form of nitrogen was nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145212","collaboration":"In cooperation with North Dakota State University Agriculture Research Extension","usgsCitation":"Nustad, R.A., Rowland, K.M., and Wiederholt, R., 2015, Water-quality characteristics in runoff for three discovery farms in North Dakota, 2008-12: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5212, v, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145212.","productDescription":"v, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059141","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145212.jpg"},{"id":298407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5212/"},{"id":298408,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5212/pdf/sir2014-5212.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.69 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-5212 Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.051513671875,\n              45.94351068030587\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.051513671875,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.23999023437499,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.0751953125,\n              48.669198799260045\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.064208984375,\n              48.04136507445029\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.844482421875,\n              47.5913464767971\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.74560546875,\n              46.89023157359399\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.74560546875,\n              46.58906908309182\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.61376953125,\n              46.308995694198565\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.5478515625,\n              46.08847179577592\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.558837890625,\n              45.935870621190546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.051513671875,\n              45.94351068030587\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55000799e4b02419550fa5d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nustad, Rochelle A. 0000-0002-4713-5944 ranustad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5944","contributorId":1811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nustad","given":"Rochelle","email":"ranustad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowland, Kathleen M. 0000-0003-2526-6860 krowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2526-6860","contributorId":1676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"Kathleen","email":"krowland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiederholt, Ronald","contributorId":139020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiederholt","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12471,"text":"North Dakota State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70160544,"text":"70160544 - 2015 - Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis):bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-22T15:56:51","indexId":"70160544","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis):bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration","docAbstract":"<p>Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) have the largest home range of any tuna species and are well known for the capacity to make transoceanic migrations. We report the measurement of mercury (Hg) concentrations in wild Pacific bluefin tuna (PBFT), the first reported with known size-of-fish and capture location. The results indicate juvenile PBFT that are recently arrived in the California Current from the western Pacific Ocean have significantly higher Hg concentrations in white muscle (0.51 ug/g wet mass, wm) than PBFT of longer California Current residency (0.41 ug/g wm). These new arrivals are also higher in Hg concentration than PBFT in farm pens (0.43 ug/g wm) that were captured on arrival in the California Current and raised in pens on locally derived feed. Analysis by direct Hg analyzer and attention to Hg by tissue type and location on the fish allowed precise comparisons of mercury among wild and captive fish populations. Analysis of migration and nearshore residency, determined through extensive archival tagging, bioaccumulation models, trophic investigations, and potential coastal sources of methylmercury, indicates Hg bioaccumulation is likely greater for PBFT juvenile habitats in the western Pacific Ocean (East China Sea, Yellow Sea) than in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California Current). Differential bioaccumulation may be a trophic effect or reflect methylmercury availability, with potential sources for coastal China (large hypoxic continental shelf receiving discharge of three large rivers, and island-arc volcanism) different from those for coastal Baja California (small continental shelf, no large rivers, spreading-center volcanism).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","usgsCitation":"Colman, J.A., Nogueira, J.I., Pancorbo, O.C., Batdorf, C.A., and Block, B.A., 2015, Mercury in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis):bioaccumulation and trans-Pacific Ocean migration: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, p. 1-9.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060319","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312748,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312737,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0476#.Vnmeik3oumu"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.607421875,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.8583984375,\n              35.99578538642032\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.7080078125,\n              18.93746442964186\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.21484375,\n              22.2280904167845\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.607421875,\n              36.63316209558658\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -218.671875,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ],\n            [\n              -127.96875,\n              26.902476886279807\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              26.58852714730864\n            ],\n            [\n              -218.671875,\n              41.37680856570233\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"72","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"567a8245e4b0a04ef490fd11","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colman, John A. 0000-0001-9327-0779 jacolman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0779","contributorId":2098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colman","given":"John","email":"jacolman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nogueira, Jacob I.","contributorId":150812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nogueira","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":18108,"text":"Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, U.S.A","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pancorbo, Oscar C.","contributorId":150813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pancorbo","given":"Oscar","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":18109,"text":"Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 37 Shattuck Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batdorf, Carol A.","contributorId":150814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batdorf","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18109,"text":"Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, 37 Shattuck Street, Lawrence, Massachusetts 01843, U.S.A.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Block, Barbara A.","contributorId":150815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":18108,"text":"Tuna Research and Conservation Center, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, California 93950, U.S.A","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70124469,"text":"fs20143073 - 2015 - Aquatics Systems Branch: transdisciplinary research to address water-related environmental problems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T11:48:49","indexId":"fs20143073","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3073","title":"Aquatics Systems Branch: transdisciplinary research to address water-related environmental problems","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Aquatic Systems Branch at the Fort Collins Science Center is a group of scientists dedicated to advancing interdisciplinary science and providing science support to solve water-related environmental issues. Natural resource managers have an increasing need for scientific information and stakeholders face enormous challenges of increasing and competing demands for water. Our scientists are leaders in ecological flows, riparian ecology, hydroscape ecology, ecosystem management, and contaminant biology. The Aquatic Systems Branch employs and develops state-of-the-science approaches in field investigations, laboratory experiments, remote sensing, simulation and predictive modeling, and decision support tools. We use the aquatic experimental laboratory, the greenhouse, the botanical garden and other advanced facilities to conduct unique research. Our scientists pursue research on the ground, in the rivers, and in the skies, generating and testing hypotheses and collecting quantitative information to support planning and design in natural resource management and aquatic restoration.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143073","usgsCitation":"Dong, Q., and Walters, K.D., 2015, Aquatics Systems Branch: transdisciplinary research to address water-related environmental problems: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3073, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143073.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056937","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298370,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143073.jpg"},{"id":298368,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3073/"},{"id":298369,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3073/pdf/fs2014-3073.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.18 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb619e4b02419550deb99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dong, Quan 0000-0003-0571-5884 qdong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-5884","contributorId":4506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dong","given":"Quan","email":"qdong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walters, Katie D. waltersk@usgs.gov","contributorId":741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Katie","email":"waltersk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70142635,"text":"70142635 - 2015 - Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T14:44:28","indexId":"70142635","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-09T02:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2602,"text":"Landscape Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply","docAbstract":"<h5 class=\"a-plus-plus\">Context</h5>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">In addition to biodiversity conservation, California rangelands generate multiple ecosystem services including livestock production, drinking and irrigation water, and carbon sequestration. California rangeland ecosystems have experienced substantial conversion to residential land use and more intensive agriculture.</p>\n<h5 class=\"a-plus-plus\">Objectives</h5>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">To understand the potential impacts to rangeland ecosystem services, we developed six spatially explicit (250 m) climate/land use change scenarios for the Central Valley of California and surrounding foothills consistent with three&nbsp;Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&nbsp;emission scenario narratives.</p>\n<h5 class=\"a-plus-plus\">Methods</h5>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">We quantified baseline and projected change in wildlife habitat, soil organic carbon (SOC), and water supply (recharge and runoff). For six case study watersheds we quantified the interactions of future development and changing climate on recharge, runoff and streamflow, and precipitation thresholds where dominant watershed hydrological processes shift through analysis of covariance.</p>\n<h5 class=\"a-plus-plus\">Results</h5>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">The scenarios show that across the region, habitat loss is expected to occur predominantly in grasslands, primarily due to future development (up to a 37 % decline by 2100), however habitat loss in priority conservation errors will likely be due to cropland and hay/pasture expansion (up to 40 % by 2100). Grasslands in the region contain approximately 100 teragrams SOC in the top 20 cm, and up to 39 % of this SOC is subject to conversion by 2100. In dryer periods recharge processes typically dominate runoff. Future development lowers the precipitation value at which recharge processes dominate runoff, and combined with periods of drought, reduces the opportunity for recharge, especially on deep soils.</p>\n<h5 class=\"a-plus-plus\">Conclusion</h5>\n<p class=\"a-plus-plus\">Results support the need for climate-smart land use planning that takes recharge areas into account, which will provide opportunities for water storage in dry years. Given projections for agriculture, more modeling is needed on feedbacks between agricultural expansion on rangelands and water supply.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7","usgsCitation":"Byrd, K.B., Flint, L.E., Alvarez, P., Casey, F., Sleeter, B.M., Soulard, C.E., Flint, A.L., and Sohl, T.L., 2015, Integrated climate and land use change scenarios for California rangeland ecosystem services: wildlife habitat, soil carbon, and water supply: Landscape Ecology, v. 30, no. 4, p. 729-750, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"750","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059547","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472218,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0159-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.37670898437499,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.81591796875,\n              38.90813299596705\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.024658203125,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              40.76390128094589\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.62963867187499,\n              40.287906612507406\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.904541015625,\n              39.257778150283336\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.57543945312501,\n              36.60670888641815\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.5205078125,\n              34.397844946449865\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              34.379712580462204\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54feb61be4b02419550deb9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, Kristin B. 0000-0002-5725-7486 kbyrd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-7486","contributorId":3814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byrd","given":"Kristin","email":"kbyrd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alvarez, Pelayo","contributorId":139613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Pelayo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12808,"text":"California Rangeland Conservation Coalition","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casey, Frank ccasey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Frank","email":"ccasey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":542070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Soulard, Christopher E. 0000-0002-5777-9516 csoulard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5777-9516","contributorId":2642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soulard","given":"Christopher","email":"csoulard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70141879,"text":"70141879 - 2015 - A Laurentian margin back-arc: the Ordovician Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-03T10:10:44","indexId":"70141879","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-06T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Laurentian margin back-arc: the Ordovician Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Independent researchers working in the Talladega belt, Ashland-Wedowee-Emuckfaw belt, and Opelika Complex of Alabama, as well as the Dahlonega gold belt and western Inner Piedmont of Alabama, Georgia, and the Carolinas, have mapped stratigraphic sequences unique to each region. Although historically considered distinct terranes of disparate origin, a synthesis of data suggests that each includes lithologic units that formed in an Ordovician back-arc basin (Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega basin&mdash;WEDB). Rocks in these terranes include varying proportions of metamorphosed mafic and bimodal volcanic rock suites interlayered with deep-water metasedimentary rock sequences. Metavolcanic rocks yield ages that are Early&ndash;Middle Ordovician (480&ndash;460 Ma) and interlayered metasedimentary units are populated with both Grenville and Early&ndash;Middle Ordovician detrital zircons. Metamafic rocks display geochemical trends ranging from mid-oceanic-ridge basalt to arc affinity, similar to modern back-arc basalts. The collective data set limits formation of the WEDB to a suprasubduction system built on and adjacent to upper Neoproterozoic&ndash;lower Paleozoic rocks of the passive Laurentian margin at the trailing edge of Iapetus, specifically in a continental margin back-arc setting. Overwhelmingly, the geologic history of the southern Appalachians, including rocks of the WEDB described here, indicates that the Ordovician Taconic orogeny in the southern Appalachians developed in an accretionary orogenic setting instead of the traditional collisional orogenic setting attributed to subduction of the Laurentian margin beneath an exotic or peri-Laurentian arc. Well-studied Cenozoic accretionary orogens provide excellent analogs for Taconic orogenesis, and an accretionary orogenic model for the southern Appalachian Taconic orogeny can account for aspects of Ordovician tectonics not easily explained through collisional orogenesis.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2015.0039(02)","usgsCitation":"Barineau, C.I., Tull, J.F., and Holm-Denoma, C.S., 2015, A Laurentian margin back-arc: the Ordovician Wedowee-Emuckfaw-Dahlonega basin: GSA Field Guides, v. 39, p. 21-78, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.0039(02).","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061407","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298316,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"stroke\": \"#555555\",\n        \"stroke-width\": 2,\n        \"stroke-opacity\": 1,\n        \"fill\": \"#555555\",\n        \"fill-opacity\": 0.5\n      },\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.98974609375,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.00146484374999,\n              37.10776507118514\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.6513671875,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.6279296875,\n              31.74685416292141\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.01171875,\n              31.728167146023935\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.98974609375,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54facfa9e4b02419550db6c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barineau, Clinton I.","contributorId":139194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barineau","given":"Clinton","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":12692,"text":"Columbus State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tull, James F.","contributorId":139458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tull","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":7092,"text":"Florida State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holm-Denoma, Christopher S. 0000-0003-3229-5440 cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3229-5440","contributorId":2442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holm-Denoma","given":"Christopher","email":"cholm-denoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70137829,"text":"70137829 - 2015 - Workgroup for Hydraulic laboratory Testing and Verification of Hydroacoustic Instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T16:10:43","indexId":"70137829","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Workgroup for Hydraulic laboratory Testing and Verification of Hydroacoustic Instrumentation","docAbstract":"<p><span>An international workgroup was recently formed for hydraulic laboratory testing and verification of hydroacoustic instrumentation used for water velocity measurements. The activities of the workgroup have included one face to face meeting, conference calls and an inter-laboratory exchange of two acoustic meters among participating laboratories. Good agreement was found among four laboratories at higher tow speeds and poorer agreement at the lowest tow speed.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of eleventh current, waves and turbulence measurement workshop","conferenceTitle":"Eleventh current, waves and turbulence measurement workshop (CWTM)","conferenceDate":"2-6 March 2015","conferenceLocation":"St. Petersburg, FL","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/CWTM.2015.7098116","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., Armstrong, B.N., and Thibodeaux, K.G., 2015, Workgroup for Hydraulic laboratory Testing and Verification of Hydroacoustic Instrumentation, <i>in</i> Proceedings of eleventh current, waves and turbulence measurement workshop, St. Petersburg, FL, 2-6 March 2015, p. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1109/CWTM.2015.7098116.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062290","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&tp=&arnumber=7098116&queryText%3Djanice+m.+juraska"},{"id":309996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fb8e4b06217fc479235","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Brandy N. barmstrong@usgs.gov","contributorId":138581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Brandy","email":"barmstrong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thibodeaux, Kirk G.","contributorId":107036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thibodeaux","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70103300,"text":"70103300 - 2015 - Buried particulate organic carbon stimulates denitrification and nitrate retention in stream sediments at the groundwater-surface water interface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-05T11:00:11","indexId":"70103300","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Buried particulate organic carbon stimulates denitrification and nitrate retention in stream sediments at the groundwater-surface water interface","docAbstract":"<p><span>The interface between ground water and surface water in streams is a hotspot for N processing. However, the role of buried organic C in N transformation at this interface is not well understood, and inferences have been based largely on descriptive studies. Our main objective was to determine how buried particulate organic C (POC) affected denitrification and NO<sub>3</sub>&minus; retention in the sediments of an upwelling reach in a sand-plains stream in Wisconsin. We manipulated POC in mesocosms inserted in the sediments. Treatments included low and high quantities of conditioned red maple leaves (buried beneath combusted sand), ambient sediment (sand containing background levels of POC), and a control (combusted sand). We measured denitrification rates in sediments by acetylene-block assays in the laboratory and by changes in N<sub>2</sub> concentrations in the field using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. We measured NO<sub>3</sub>&minus;, NH<sub>4</sub>+, and dissolved organic N (DON) retention as changes in concentrations and fluxes along groundwater flow paths in the mesocosms. POC addition drove oxic ground water to severe hypoxia, led to large increases in dissolved organic C (DOC), and strongly increased denitrification rates and N (NO<sub>3</sub>&minus; and total dissolved N) retention relative to the control. In situ denitrification accounted for 30 to 60% of NO<sub>3</sub>&minus; retention. Our results suggest that buried POC stimulated denitrification and NO<sub>3</sub>&minus; retention by producing DOC and by creating favorable redox conditions for denitrification.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/678249","usgsCitation":"Stelzer, R.S., Scott, J.T., and Bartsch, L., 2015, Buried particulate organic carbon stimulates denitrification and nitrate retention in stream sediments at the groundwater-surface water interface: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 1, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1086/678249.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049658","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Emmons Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.54269409179688,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.54269409179688,\n              44.350368362980596\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.09500122070312,\n              44.350368362980596\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.09500122070312,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.54269409179688,\n              43.97898113341921\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2ae4b02419550d9b54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stelzer, Robert S.","contributorId":56538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, J. Thad","contributorId":91406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Thad","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70137275,"text":"70137275 - 2015 - Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-04T13:31:07","indexId":"70137275","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the spatial structure of daily streamflow is essential for managing freshwater resources, especially in poorly-gaged regions. Spatial scaling assumptions are common in flood frequency prediction (e.g., index-flood method) and the prediction of continuous streamflow at ungaged sites (e.g. drainage-area ratio), with simple scaling by drainage area being the most common assumption. In this study, scaling analyses of daily streamflow from 173 streamgages in the southeastern US resulted in three important findings. First, the use of only positive integer moment orders, as has been done in most previous studies, captures only the probabilistic and spatial scaling behavior of flows above an exceedance probability near the median; negative moment orders (inverse moments) are needed for lower streamflows. Second, assessing scaling by using drainage area alone is shown to result in a high degree of omitted-variable bias, masking the true spatial scaling behavior. Multiple regression is shown to mitigate this bias, controlling for regional heterogeneity of basin attributes, especially those correlated with drainage area. Previous univariate scaling analyses have neglected the scaling of low-flow events and may have produced biased estimates of the spatial scaling exponent. Third, the multiple regression results show that mean flows scale with an exponent of one, low flows scale with spatial scaling exponents greater than one, and high flows scale with exponents less than one. The relationship between scaling exponents and exceedance probabilities may be a fundamental signature of regional streamflow. This signature may improve our understanding of the physical processes generating streamflow at different exceedance probabilities.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015924","usgsCitation":"Farmer, W.H., Over, T.M., and Vogel, R.M., 2015, Multiple regression and inverse moments improve the characterization of the spatial scaling behavior of daily streamflows in the Southeast United States: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 3, p. 1775-1796, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015924.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1775","endPage":"1796","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057100","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.74609375,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74609375,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.673828125,\n              37.71859032558816\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.673828125,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.74609375,\n              25.24469595130604\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2ce4b02419550d9b5a","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014wr015924","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015924","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Farmer William H., Over Thomas M., Vogel Richard M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"7/24/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farmer, William H. 0000-0002-2865-2196 wfarmer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-2196","contributorId":4374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"William","email":"wfarmer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368 tmover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":1819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"tmover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":537652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180868,"text":"70180868 - 2015 - A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:36:22","indexId":"70180868","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding how watershed characteristics and climate influence the baseflow component of stream discharge is a topic of interest to both the scientific and water management communities. Therefore, the development of baseflow estimation methods is a topic of active research. Previous studies have demonstrated that graphical hydrograph separation (GHS) and conductivity mass balance (CMB) methods can be applied to stream discharge data to estimate daily baseflow. While CMB is generally considered to be a more objective approach than GHS, its application across broad spatial scales is limited by a lack of high frequency specific conductance (SC) data. We propose a new method that uses discrete SC data, which are widely available, to estimate baseflow at a daily time step using the CMB method. The proposed approach involves the development of regression models that relate discrete SC concentrations to stream discharge and time. Regression-derived CMB baseflow estimates were more similar to baseflow estimates obtained using a CMB approach with measured high frequency SC data than were the GHS baseflow estimates at twelve snowmelt dominated streams and rivers. There was a near perfect fit between the regression-derived and measured CMB baseflow estimates at sites where the regression models were able to accurately predict daily SC concentrations. We propose that the regression-derived approach could be applied to estimate baseflow at large numbers of sites, thereby enabling future investigations of watershed and climatic characteristics that influence the baseflow component of stream discharge across large spatial scales.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.039","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.P., Johnson, H.M., Susong, D.D., and Wolock, D.M., 2015, A new approach for continuous estimation of baseflow using discrete water quality data: Method description and comparison with baseflow estimates from two existing approaches: Journal of Hydrology, v. 522, p. 203-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.039.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"210","ipdsId":"IP-057375","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Henry M. 0000-0002-7571-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7571-4994","contributorId":105291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Susong, David D. ddsusong@usgs.gov","contributorId":1040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Susong","given":"David","email":"ddsusong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70182712,"text":"70182712 - 2015 - Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-25T09:40:22","indexId":"70182712","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams","docAbstract":"<p><span>Predictive models have been used to determine fish species that occur less frequently than expected (decreasers) and those that occur more frequently than expected (increasers) in streams in the eastern U.S. Coupling life history traits with 51 decreaser and 38 increaser fish species provided the opportunity to examine potential mechanisms associated with predicted changes in fish species distributions in eastern streams. We assigned six life history traits – fecundity, longevity, maturation age, maximum total length, parental care, and spawning season duration – to each fish species. Decreaser species were significantly smaller in size and shorter-lived with reduced fecundity and shorter spawning seasons compared to increaser species. Cluster analysis of traits revealed correspondence with a life history model defining equilibrium (low fecundity, high parental care), opportunistic (early maturation, low parental care), and periodic (late maturation, high fecundity, low parental care) end-point strategies. Nearly 50&nbsp;% of decreaser species were associated with an intermediate opportunistic-periodic strategy, suggesting that abiotic factors such as habitat specialization and streamflow alteration may serve as important influences on life history traits and strategies of decreaser species. In contrast, the percent of increaser species among life history strategy groups ranged from 21 to 32&nbsp;%, suggesting that life history strategies of increaser species were more diverse than those of decreaser species. This study highlights the utility of linking life history theory to biodiversity to better understand mechanisms that contribute to fish species distributions in the eastern U.S.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1","usgsCitation":"Meador, M., and Brown, L.M., 2015, Life history strategies of fish species and biodiversity in eastern USA streams: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 98, no. 2, p. 663-677, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-014-0304-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"663","endPage":"677","ipdsId":"IP-051004","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336247,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"98","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b548c2e4b01ccd54fddfca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meador, Michael R. mrmeador@usgs.gov","contributorId":615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meador","given":"Michael R.","email":"mrmeador@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Larry M.","contributorId":184044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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