Seventy new measurements (SrT-Pco2 of the solubility of strontianite were used to evaluate the equilibrium constant for the reaction SrCO3(cr) = Sr2+(aq) + CO2−3(aq) between 2 and 91 °C. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is given by the expression Log K = 155.0305 − 7239.594/T − 56.58638 log T where T is in degrees Kelvin. The log K of strontianite, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 25°C are −9.271 ± 0.020, 52.919 ± 0.08 kJ · mol−1, −1.67 ± 1.30 kJ · mol−1, and −183.1 ± 4.0 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. The equilibrium constants are consistent with an aqueous model that includes the ion pairs SrHCO+3(aq) and SrCO03(aq) which were evaluated by potentiometric methods between 5 and 80°C. The equilibrium constant for the association reaction Sr2+(aq) + HCO−3(aq) =SrHCO+3aq) is given by the expression Log KSrHCO+3 = −3.248 + 0.014867T. The log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of the reaction at 25°C are 1.18, −6.76 kJ · mol−1, 25.30 kJ · mol−1, and 107.5 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. The equilibrium constant for the association reaction Sr2+(aq) + CO2−3(aq) = SrCO03aq) is given by the expression Log KSrCO03 = −1.019 + 0.012826T. The log of the association constant, the Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the reaction at 25°C are 2.81, −16.01 kJ · mol−1,21.83 kJ · mol−1, and 126.9 J · mol−1 · K−1, respectively. These results lead to reliable calculation of the aqueous speciation and solubility of strontianite in the system SrCO3-CO2-H2O from 0 to more than 90°C. Literature data on the solubility of strontianite have been evaluated and compared with these results.
\nOur new data for strontianite have been used in an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Sr2+(aq), SrCO3(cr) and related compounds. The following values are recommended for the standard enthalpy (kJ · mol−1), Gibbs energy (kJ · mol−1), and entropy (J · mol−1 · K−1), respectively, of Sr2+aq): −550.90 ± 0.50, −563.83 ± 0.8 and −31.50 ± 2.0, and for SrCO3(cr): −1225.77 ± 1.1, −1144.73 ± 1.0 and 97.2.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(84)90383-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Busenberg, E., Plummer, N., and Parker, V.B., 1984, The solubility of strontianite (SrCO3) in CO2-H2O solutions between 2 and 91°C, the association constants of SrHCO+3(aq) and SrCO03(aq) between 5 and 80°C, and an evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of Sr2+(aq) and SrCO3(cr) at 25°C and 1 atm total pressure: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, no. 10, p. 2021-2035, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90383-1.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2021","endPage":"2035","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb043e4b08c986b324d43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Vivian B.","contributorId":19713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70013960,"text":"70013960 - 1984 - Seismicity and eruptive activity at Fuego Volcano, Guatemala: February 1975 -January 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013960","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity and eruptive activity at Fuego Volcano, Guatemala: February 1975 -January 1977","docAbstract":"We examine seismic and eruptive activity at Fuego Volcano (14??29???N, 90?? 53???W), a 3800-m-high stratovolcano located in the active volcanic arc of Guatemala. Eruptions at Fuego are typically short-lived vulcanian eruptions producing ash falls and ash flows of high-alumina basalt. From February 1975 to December 1976, five weak ash eruptions occurred, accompanied by small earthquake swarms. Between 0 and 140 (average ??? 10) A-type or high-frequency seismic events per day with M > 0.5 were recorded during this period. Estimated thermal energies for each eruption are greater by a factor of 106 than cumulative seismic energies, a larger ratio than that reported for other volcanoes. Over 4000 A-type events were recorded January 3-7, 1977 (cumulative seismic energy ??? 109 joules), yet no eruption occurred. Five 2-hour-long pulses of intense seismicity separated by 6-hour intervals of quiescence accounted for the majority of events. Maximum likelihood estimates of b-values range from 0.7 ?? 0.2 to 2.1 ?? 0.4 with systematically lower values corresponding to the five intense pulses. The low values suggest higher stress conditions. During the 1977 swarm, a tiltmeter located 6 km southeast of Fuego recorded a 14 ?? 3 microradian tilt event (down to SW). This value is too large to represent a simple change in the elastic strain field due to the earthquake swarm. We speculate that the earthquake swarm and tilt are indicative of subsurface magma movement. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Yuan, A., McNutt, S., and Harlow, D., 1984, Seismicity and eruptive activity at Fuego Volcano, Guatemala: February 1975 -January 1977: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 21, no. 3-4, p. 277-296.","startPage":"277","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b8be4b08c986b317900","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yuan, A.T.E.","contributorId":13756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yuan","given":"A.T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, S.R.","contributorId":26722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harlow, D.H.","contributorId":34533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"D.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014049,"text":"70014049 - 1984 - Landslides caused by earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-03T01:02:46.346084","indexId":"70014049","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landslides caused by earthquakes","docAbstract":"Data from 40 historical world-wide earthquakes were studied to determine the characteristics, geologic environments, and hazards of landslides caused by seismic events. This sample of 40 events was supplemented with intensity data from several hundred United States earthquakes to study relations between landslide distribution and seismic parameters. Fourteen types of landslides were identified in the earthquakes studied. The most abundant of these were rock falls, disrupted soil slides, and rock slides. The greatest losses of human life were due to rock avalanches, rapid soil flows, and rock falls. Correlations between magnitude (M) and landslide distribution show that the maximum area likely to be affected by landslides in a seismic event increases from approximately 0 at M ≅ 4.0 to 500,000 km2 at M = 9.2.
Threshold magnitudes, minimum shaking intensities, and relations between M and distance from epicenter or fault rupture were used to define relative levels of shaking that trigger landslides in susceptible materials. Four types of internally disrupted landslides—rock falls, rock slides, soil falls, and disrupted soil slides—are initiated by the weakest shaking. More coherent, deeper-seated slides require stronger shaking; lateral spreads and flows require shaking that is stronger still; and the strongest shaking is probably required for very highly disrupted rock avalanches and soil avalanches.
Each type of earthquake-induced landslide occurs in a particular suite of geologic environments. These range from overhanging slopes of well-indurated rock to slopes of less than 1° underlain by soft, unconsolidated sediments. Materials most susceptible to earthquake-induced landslides include weakly cemented rocks, more-indurated rocks with prominent or pervasive discontinuities, residual and colluvial sand, volcanic soils containing sensitive clay, loess, cemented soils, granular alluvium, granular deltaic deposits, and granular man-made fill. Few earthquake-induced landslides reactivate older landslides; most are in materials that have not previously failed.
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00120a020","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., Tai, D.Y., Berglund, R., Conway, R., Waggy, G., and Spiegel, M., 1984, Comment on \"environmental fate and effects of ethylene oxide\": Environmental Science & Technology, v. 18, no. 2, p. 133-134, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00120a020.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"134","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":220373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7eae4b0c8380cd4cd9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tai, D. Y.","contributorId":59778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tai","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berglund, R.L.","contributorId":13742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berglund","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conway, R.A.","contributorId":45830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waggy, G.T.","contributorId":82843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waggy","given":"G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Spiegel, M.H.","contributorId":20895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70013999,"text":"70013999 - 1984 - PREDICTING GROUND-WATER DRAINAGE TO SURFACE MINES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:28","indexId":"70013999","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PREDICTING GROUND-WATER DRAINAGE TO SURFACE MINES.","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, finite-difference numerical model is used to simulate the drainage of ground water into a surface coal mine. Graphs of dimensionless head as a function of dimensionless distance, and dimensionless seepage flux as a function of dimensionless time are developed from results of the numerical modeling. Changes in seepage flux and ground-water levels can be estimated from the dimensionless hydrographs, from knowledge of aquifer characteristics prior to mining, and by means of several 'simple-to-use' equations. The technique is an improvement on previous experimental, analytical, and other numerical solutions because drainage from the unsaturated zone also is considered. The procedure is applicable to a wide range of hydrogeologic settings, but is especially applicable to hydrogeologic conditions typically encountered in the coal strip-mining regions of Illinois.","conferenceTitle":"Water for Resource Development, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Coeur D'Alene, ID, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872624099","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L.S., and Galloway, D.L., 1984, PREDICTING GROUND-WATER DRAINAGE TO SURFACE MINES., Water for Resource Development, Proceedings of the Conference., Coeur D'Alene, ID, USA, p. 184-188.","startPage":"184","endPage":"188","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7370e4b0c8380cd77029","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Schreiber David L.","contributorId":128421,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Schreiber David L.","id":536286,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, Linda S. lsweiss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"Linda","email":"lsweiss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":367341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014044,"text":"70014044 - 1984 - The fluids in salt.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014044","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":738,"text":"American Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The fluids in salt.","docAbstract":"The characteristics of fluid inclusions in salt, the geological processes through which these fluids evolve, and the possible problems such inclusions pose for nuclear waste disposal in salt beds or domes are reviewed.-J.A.Z.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"American Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"0003004X","usgsCitation":"Roedder, E., 1984, The fluids in salt.: American Mineralogist, v. 69, no. 5-6, p. 413-439.","startPage":"413","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac1be4b08c986b323292","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roedder, E.","contributorId":100986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roedder","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013964,"text":"70013964 - 1984 - A special issue devoted to massive sulfide deposits of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen. Preface.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70013964","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A special issue devoted to massive sulfide deposits of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen. Preface.","docAbstract":"This issue of Economic Geology (pp 1425-1758) adds 17 reports to those earlier published by a nine-year project (No. 60) of the International Geological Correlation Programme (IGCP) on the Correlation of Caledonian Stratabound Sulphides (CCSS). The contents of the 17 reports are noted and briefly discussed in relation to one another and to stratiform ores as a whole. From this preview, it is concluded that geological mapping appears to be still the best way to find strata-bound sulphide deposits.-G.J.N.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Economic Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Gair, J., and Vokes, F., 1984, A special issue devoted to massive sulfide deposits of the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen. Preface.: Economic Geology, v. 79, no. 7, p. 1425-1427.","startPage":"1425","endPage":"1427","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5a4e4b0c8380cd46ec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gair, J. E.","contributorId":50891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gair","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vokes, F.M.","contributorId":24933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vokes","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013945,"text":"70013945 - 1984 - BOWIEITE: A NEW RHODIUM-IRIDIUM-PLATINUM SULFIDE IN PLATINUM-ALLOY NUGGETS, GOODNEWS BAY, ALASKA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70013945","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"BOWIEITE: A NEW RHODIUM-IRIDIUM-PLATINUM SULFIDE IN PLATINUM-ALLOY NUGGETS, GOODNEWS BAY, ALASKA.","docAbstract":"Bowieite (Rh,Ir,Pt)//2S//3, a new mineral species, is found in three nuggets of platinum from Goodnews Bay, Alaska. In linearly polarized reflected light, and compared to the host, higher reflecting white platinum-iridium alloy, bowieite is pale gray to pale gray-brown; neither bireflectance nor reflectance pleochroism is apparent. With polars crossed, its anisotropic rotation tints vary from gray to dark brown. Luminance values (relative to the CIE illuminant C) for R//1 and R//2, computed from full spectral data for the most bireflectant grain, are 45. 8% and 48. 2% in air, and 30. 5% and 33. 0% in oil, respectively. VHN//1//0//0 1288 (858 to 1635). Bowieite is orthorhombic, space group Pnca, with a 8. 454(7) -8. 473(8), b 5. 995(1)-6. 002(7), c 6. 143(1)-6. 121(8) A, Z equals 4. Some grains that are 2. 6 to 3. 8 atomic % metal-deficient occur as an optically coherent rim on bowieite; the rim and the bowieite grain are not optically continuous.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Desborough, G.A., and Criddle, A.J., 1984, BOWIEITE: A NEW RHODIUM-IRIDIUM-PLATINUM SULFIDE IN PLATINUM-ALLOY NUGGETS, GOODNEWS BAY, ALASKA.: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 22, no. pt 4, p. 543-552.","startPage":"543","endPage":"552","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"pt 4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef86e4b0c8380cd4a2cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desborough, George A.","contributorId":101661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Desborough","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Criddle, Alan J.","contributorId":23696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criddle","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013935,"text":"70013935 - 1984 - DIGITAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR IMAGE MAPPING WITH LANDSAT TM AND SPOT SIMULATOR DATA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70013935","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"DIGITAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR IMAGE MAPPING WITH LANDSAT TM AND SPOT SIMULATOR DATA.","docAbstract":"To overcome certain problems associated with the visual selection of Landsat TM bands for image mapping, the author used a quantitative technique that ranks the 20 possible three-band combinations based upon their information content. Standard deviations and correlation coefficients can be used to compute a value called the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) for each of the 20 possible combinations. SPOT simulator images were digitally processed and compared with Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) images covering a semi-arid region in northern Arizona and a highly vegetated urban area near Washington, D. C. Statistical comparisons indicate the more radiometric or color information exists in certain TM three-band combinations than in the three SPOT bands.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment.","conferenceLocation":"Paris, Fr","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","issn":"02755505","usgsCitation":"Chavez, P.S., 1984, DIGITAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES FOR IMAGE MAPPING WITH LANDSAT TM AND SPOT SIMULATOR DATA., in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 1, Paris, Fr, p. 101-116.","startPage":"101","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd48e4b0c8380cd4e73e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cook Jerald J.","contributorId":128359,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Cook Jerald J.","id":536284,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chavez, Pat S. Jr.","contributorId":39870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chavez","given":"Pat","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013609,"text":"70013609 - 1984 - Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-23T16:00:25.509124","indexId":"70013609","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3541,"text":"The Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"Arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc are very useful elements in geochemical exploration. In the proposed method, geological samples are fused with potassium pyrosulphate and the fusate is dissolved in a solution of hydrochloric acid, ascorbic acid and potassium iodide. When this solution is shaken with a 10% V/V Aliquat 336 - isobutyl methyl ketone organic phase, the nine elements of interest are selectively partitioned in the organic phase. All nine elements can then be determined in the organic phase using flame atomic-absorption spectrometry. The method is rapid and allows the determination of Ag and Cd at levels down to 0.1 p.p.m., Cu, Mo, and Zn down to 0.5 p.p.m., Pb, Bi and Sb down to 1 p.p.m. and As down to 5 p.p.m. in geological materials.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/AN9840901589","issn":"00032654","usgsCitation":"Viets, J., O’Leary, R.M., and Clark, R.J., 1984, Determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, copper, lead, molybdenum, silver and zinc in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrometry: The Analyst, v. 109, no. 12, p. 1589-1592, https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9840901589.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1589","endPage":"1592","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":219929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff94e4b0c8380cd4f282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viets, J.G.","contributorId":82300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Leary, R. M.","contributorId":44894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Leary","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Robert J.","contributorId":12192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014050,"text":"70014050 - 1984 - Losses from effluent taxes and quotas under uncertainty","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T14:50:43.162157","indexId":"70014050","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2254,"text":"Journal of Environmental Economics and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Losses from effluent taxes and quotas under uncertainty","docAbstract":"Recent theoretical papers by Adar and Griffin (J. Environ. Econ. Manag.3, 178–188 (1976)), Fishelson (J. Environ. Econ. Manag.3, 189–197 (1976)), and Weitzman (Rev. Econ. Studies 41, 477–491 (1974)) show that, different expected social losses arise from using effluent taxes and quotas as alternative control instruments when marginal control costs are uncertain. Key assumptions in these analyses are linear marginal cost and benefit functions and an additive error for the marginal cost function (to reflect uncertainty). In this paper, empirically derived nonlinear functions and more realistic multiplicative error terms are used to estimate expected control and damage costs and to identify (empirically) the mix of control instruments that minimizes expected losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0095-0696(84)90002-0","issn":"00950696","usgsCitation":"Watson, W., and Ridker, R., 1984, Losses from effluent taxes and quotas under uncertainty: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, v. 11, no. 4, p. 310-326, https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-0696(84)90002-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225227,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a49e0e4b0c8380cd68964","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, W.D.","contributorId":96730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ridker, R.G.","contributorId":21699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridker","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013992,"text":"70013992 - 1984 - The role of bacterial exopolymer and suspended bacteria in the nutrition of the deposit-feeding clam, Macoma balthica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T19:37:28","indexId":"70013992","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2379,"text":"Journal of Marine Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of bacterial exopolymer and suspended bacteria in the nutrition of the deposit-feeding clam, Macoma balthica","docAbstract":"Significant removal and assimilation of suspended bacteria by M. balthica was observed within two days, although the low clearance rates suggested planktonic bacteria may not be among its major food sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ingenta","doi":"10.1357/002224084788520774","issn":"00222402","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R., and Luoma, S.N., 1984, The role of bacterial exopolymer and suspended bacteria in the nutrition of the deposit-feeding clam, Macoma balthica: Journal of Marine Research, v. 42, no. 4, p. 957-968, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224084788520774.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"968","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf52e4b08c986b3246e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, R.W. 0000-0002-2791-8503","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":11757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009965,"text":"70009965 - 1984 - IUGS/UNESCO geologic applications of remote sensing (GARS) program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T09:24:35","indexId":"70009965","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":661,"text":"Advances in Space Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"IUGS/UNESCO geologic applications of remote sensing (GARS) program","docAbstract":"[No abstract available]","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in Space Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0273-1177(84)90389-2","issn":"02731177","usgsCitation":"Teleki, P., 1984, IUGS/UNESCO geologic applications of remote sensing (GARS) program: Advances in Space Research, v. 4, no. 11, https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(84)90389-2.","startPage":"41","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266028,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(84)90389-2"},{"id":219341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37e5e4b0c8380cd6126b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teleki, P.","contributorId":29566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teleki","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":357546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013243,"text":"70013243 - 1984 - Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:37","indexId":"70013243","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages","docAbstract":"The Jurassic Notch Peak granitic stock, western Utah, discordantly intrudes Cambrian interbedded pure limestones and calcareous argillites. Contact metamorphosed argillite and limestone samples, collected along traverses away from the intrusion, were analyzed for ??18O, ??13C, and ??D. The ??13C and ??18O values for the limestones remain constant at about 0.5 (PDB) and 20 (SMOW), respectively, with increasing metamorphic grade. The whole rock ??18O values of the argillites systematically decrease from 19 to as low as 8.1, and the ??13C values of the carbonate fraction from 0.5 to -11.8. The change in ??13C values can be explained by Rayleigh decarbonation during calcsilicate reactions, where calculated {Mathematical expression} is about 4.5 permil for the high-grade samples and less for medium and low-grade samples suggesting a range in temperatures at which most decarbonation occurred. However, the amount of CO2 released was not anough to decrease the whole rock ??18O to the values observed in the argillites. The low ??18O values close to the intrusion suggest interaction with magmatic water that had a ??18O value of 8.5. The extreme lowering of ??13C by fractional devolatilization and the lowering of ??18O in argillites close to the intrusion indicates oxgen-equivalent fluid/rock ratios in excess of 1.0 and X(CO2)F of the fluid less than 0.2. Mineral assemblages in conjunction with the isotopic data indicate a strong influence of water infiltration on the reaction relations in the argillites and separate fluid and thermal fronts moving thru the argillites. The different stable isotope relations in limestones and argillites attest to the importance of decarbonation in the enhancement of permeability. The flow of fluids was confined to the argillite beds (argillite aquifers) whereas the limestones prevented vertical fluid flow and convective cooling of the stock. ?? 1984 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00373708","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Nabelek, P., Labotka, T., O’Neil, J.R., and Papike, J.J., 1984, Contrasting fluid/rock interaction between the Notch Peak granitic intrusion and argillites and limestones in western Utah: evidence from stable isotopes and phase assemblages: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 86, no. 1, p. 25-34, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373708.","startPage":"25","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205031,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00373708"},{"id":220362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"86","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa78e4b0c8380cd4daf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nabelek, P.I.","contributorId":71315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nabelek","given":"P.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Labotka, T.C.","contributorId":43494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labotka","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Papike, J. J.","contributorId":18488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papike","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70014006,"text":"70014006 - 1984 - A//r//m//s AND SEISMIC SOURCE STUDIES.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:36","indexId":"70014006","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"A//r//m//s AND SEISMIC SOURCE STUDIES.","docAbstract":"This paper briefly summarizes some recent developments in studies of seismic source parameter estimation, emphasizing the essential similarities between mining-induced seismogenic-failure and naturally occurring, tectonically driven earthquakes. The root-mean-square acceleration, a//r//m//s, shows much promise as an observational measure of high-frequency ground motion; it is very stable observationally, is insensitive to radiation pattern, and can be related linearly to the dynamic stress differences arising in the faulting process. To interpret a//r//m//s correctly, however, requires knowledge of f//m//a//x, the high-frequency band-limitation of the radiated field of earthquakes. As a practical matter, f//m//a//x can be due to any number of causes, but an essential ambiguity is whether or not f//m//a//x can arise from source properties alone. The interaction of the aftershocks of the Oroville, California, earthquake illustrates how a//r//m//s stress drops may be connected to detailed seismicity patterns.","conferenceTitle":"Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines.","conferenceLocation":"Johannesburg, S Afr","language":"English","publisher":"South African Inst of Mining and Metallurgy","publisherLocation":"Johannesburg, S Afr","isbn":"062006708X","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., 1984, A//r//m//s AND SEISMIC SOURCE STUDIES., Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines., Johannesburg, S Afr, p. 39-44.","startPage":"39","endPage":"44","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e624e4b0c8380cd471ad","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gay N.C.Wainwright E.H.","contributorId":128366,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Gay N.C.Wainwright E.H.","id":536287,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C.","contributorId":35763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013938,"text":"70013938 - 1984 - Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-03T13:53:05","indexId":"70013938","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Space systems now provide data in basically orthographic form which greatly simplifies the production of the image map. Moreover, the multispectral capability of space systems facilitates the use of the color mode when compared to aerial photography. Digital graphical information systems are now being developed on a global basis and the response from space which represents the image in multispectral form will undoubtedly be incorporated into such information systems. Thus, the capability of printing out the image along with more conventional map data will be a viable option.
","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment.","conferenceLocation":"Paris, France","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI","issn":"02755505","usgsCitation":"Colvocoresses, A.P., 1984, Status and future of satellite image mapping: Based on experience of the U.S. Geological Survey, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 2, Paris, France, p. 957-960.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"960","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225611,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf8de4b0c8380cd87660","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cook Jerald J.","contributorId":128359,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Cook Jerald J.","id":536285,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Colvocoresses, Alden P.","contributorId":72779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvocoresses","given":"Alden","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013920,"text":"70013920 - 1984 - Determination of carrier yields for neutron activation analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70013920","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2440,"text":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of carrier yields for neutron activation analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry","docAbstract":"A new method is described for determining carrier yield in the radiochemical neutron activation analysis of rare-earth elements in silicate rocks by group separation. The method involves the determination of the rare-earth elements present in the carrier by means of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, eliminating the need to re-irradiate samples in a nuclear reactor after the gamma ray analysis is complete. Results from the analysis of USGS standards AGV-1 and BCR-1 compare favorably with those obtained using the conventional method. ?? 1984 Akade??miai Kiado??.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02132917","issn":"02365731","usgsCitation":"Johnson, R.G., and Wandless, G., 1984, Determination of carrier yields for neutron activation analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles, v. 81, no. 1, p. 21-28, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02132917.","startPage":"21","endPage":"28","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205617,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02132917"},{"id":225285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff9ae4b0c8380cd4f2a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, R. G.","contributorId":39350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wandless, G.A.","contributorId":107716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wandless","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013917,"text":"70013917 - 1984 - Carbon and its isotopes in mid-oceanic basaltic glasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:52:17.371395","indexId":"70013917","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon and its isotopes in mid-oceanic basaltic glasses","docAbstract":"Three carbon components are evident in eleven analyzed mid-oceanic basalts: carbon on sample surfaces (resembling adsorbed gases, organic matter, or other non-magmatic carbon species acquired by the glasses subsequent to their eruption), mantle carbon dioxide in vesicles, and mantle carbon dissolved in the glasses. The combustion technique employed recovered only reduced sulfur, all of which appears to be indigenous to the glasses. The dissolved carbon concentration (measured in vesicle-free glass) increases with the eruption depth of the spreading ridge, and is consistent with earlier data which show that magma carbon solubility increases with pressure. The total glass carbon content (dissolved plus vesicular carbon) may be controlled by the depth of the shallowest ridge magma chamber. Carbon isotopic fractionation accompanies magma degassing; vesicle CO2 is about 3.8‰ enriched in 13C, relative to dissolved carbon. Despite this fractionation, δ13CPDB values for all spreading ridge glasses lie within the range −5.6 and −7.5, and the δ13CPDB of mantle carbon likely lies between −5 and −7. The carbon abundances and δ13CPDB values of Kilauea East Rift glasses apparently are influenced by the differentiation and movement of magma within that Hawaiian volcano. Using 3He and carbon data for submarine hydrothermal fluids, the present-day mid-oceanic ridge mantle carbon flux is estimated very roughly to be about 1.0 × 1013 g C/yr. Such a flux requires 8 Gyr to accumulate the earth's present crustal carbon inventory.
The U.S. Virgin Islands of St. Thomas and St. John experienced the most intense rainfall event in recorded history on April 18, 1983. Rainfall intensities of 2.5 inches per hour, and more than 16 inches in 18 hours were recorded. Almost instantaneous runoff caused widespread flooding near the coastlines of both islands. Parts of Charlotte Amalie in St. Thomas were inundated with four feet or more of mud and flood water. Harry S. Truman Airport was flooded for two days with two to three feet of ponded water. On St. John, rural areas near Guinea Guy, Fish Bay, and Coral Bay were flooded.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844184","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virgin Islands Public Works Department","usgsCitation":"Curtis, R.E., 1984, Floods of April 18, 1983 on St. Thomas and St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4184, 1 Plate: 37.33 x 21.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844184.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.33 x 21.50 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191553,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4184/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":425310,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4184/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"St. John, St. Thomas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -65.10760665253343,\n 18.431007854125028\n ],\n [\n -65.10760665253343,\n 18.245529929933667\n ],\n [\n -64.64279416233873,\n 18.245529929933667\n ],\n [\n -64.64279416233873,\n 18.431007854125028\n ],\n [\n -65.10760665253343,\n 18.431007854125028\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e16d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, R. E. Jr.","contributorId":12080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013955,"text":"70013955 - 1984 - Thermal conductivity determinations on solid rock - a comparison between a steady-state divided-bar apparatus and a commercial transient line-source device","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70013955","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal conductivity determinations on solid rock - a comparison between a steady-state divided-bar apparatus and a commercial transient line-source device","docAbstract":"Two apparatuses were used to measure thermal conductivities on pairs of contiguous samples from 17 specimens of solid rock: the USGS divided-bar apparatus, a steadystate comparative method, and the Shotherm \"Quick Thermal Meter\" (QTM), which employs a transient strip heat source. Both devices were calibrated relative to fused silica. Both devices have a reproducibility of ??5% or better depending, to some extent, on the physical nature of the specimen being tested. For solid rocks, specimen preparation for the divided bar is much more tedious and expensive than for the QTM, which seems insensitive to minor surface roughness. The QTM does, however, require quite large specimens (30 mm ?? 60 mm ?? 100 mm as a minimum for rocks) with even larger specimens (50 mm ?? 100 mm ?? 100 mm) required for higher conductivity material (3.5 W m-1 K-1 and greater). Experimental times are comparable; however, the QTM is a self-contained unit that can be transported easily and set up quickly and requires no more space than a standard desk top. From a formal statistical comparison, it appears that, over a large range of conductivities (1.4 to ???5 W m-1 K-1) and rock types, the two instruments will yield the same value of thermal conductivity for isotropic rocks. ?? 1984.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Sass, J., Stone, C., and Munroe, R.J., 1984, Thermal conductivity determinations on solid rock - a comparison between a steady-state divided-bar apparatus and a commercial transient line-source device: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 20, no. 1-2, p. 145-153.","startPage":"145","endPage":"153","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb215e4b08c986b3255b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sass, J.H.","contributorId":70749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, C.","contributorId":23698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munroe, R. J.","contributorId":56215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munroe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1007790,"text":"1007790 - 1984 - Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-05T12:26:01.118674","indexId":"1007790","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1337,"text":"Copeia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH)","doi":"10.2307/1445322","usgsCitation":"Turner, F., Medica, P., and Lyons, C., 1984, Reproduction and survival of the desert tortoise (Scaptochelys agassizii) in Ivanpah Valley, California: Copeia, v. 1984, no. 4, p. 811-820, https://doi.org/10.2307/1445322.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"820","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Ivanpah Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.80397467683164,\n 35.99865882818406\n ],\n [\n -115.80397467683164,\n 35.27568788526861\n ],\n [\n -115.15486224928199,\n 35.27568788526861\n ],\n [\n -115.15486224928199,\n 35.99865882818406\n ],\n [\n -115.80397467683164,\n 35.99865882818406\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1984","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a56e4b07f02db62dd57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, F.B.","contributorId":95414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"F.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Medica, P.A.","contributorId":77079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lyons, C.L.","contributorId":15951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":316037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}