A sequential-scanning, inductively-coupled argon plasma emission spectrometer is used for the determination of the rare-earth elements, plus yttrium and scandium, in manganese nodules. Wavelength selection is optimized to minimize spectral interferences from manganese nodule components. Samples are decomposed with mixed acids in a sealed polycarbonate vessel, and elements are quantified without further treatment. Results for U.S. Geological Survey manganese nodule standards A-1 and P-1 had average relative standard deviations of 6.8% and 8.1%, respectively, and results were in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84307-X","usgsCitation":"Fries, T.L., Lamothe, P.J., and Pesek, J.J., 1984, Determination of rare-earth elements, yttrium and scandium in manganese nodules by inductively-coupled argon-plastma emission spectrometry: Analytica Chimica Acta, v. 159, no. C, p. 329-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)84307-X.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"159","issue":"C","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffc0e4b0c8380cd4f398","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fries, Terry L.","contributorId":76349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamothe, Paul J","contributorId":118580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pesek, J. J.","contributorId":78872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pesek","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":7000068,"text":"7000068 - 1984 - MiniCatalog of map data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-14T01:01:44","indexId":"7000068","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"MiniCatalog of map data","docAbstract":"A brief catalog of the types of maps published by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000068","usgsCitation":"National Cartographic Information Center, 1984, MiniCatalog of map data: General Interest Publication, 2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17.29 inches x 22.29 inches, Sheet 2: 17.29 inches x 22.35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/7000068.","productDescription":"2 Sheets; Sheet 1: 17.29 inches x 22.29 inches, Sheet 2: 17.29 inches x 22.35 inches","costCenters":[{"id":409,"text":"National Cartographic Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261223,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000068/report.pdf"},{"id":261224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000068/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"National Cartographic Information Center","contributorId":128093,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"National Cartographic Information Center","id":535094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":85595,"text":"85595 - 1984 - Toxicity of chemical mixtures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"85595","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Toxicity of chemical mixtures","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology, methods and applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hemisphere Publishing Corporation","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Marking, L.L., 1984, Toxicity of chemical mixtures, chap. of Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology, methods and applications, 164-176.","productDescription":"164-176","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db628016","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rand, G.M.","contributorId":113996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rand","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504539,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrocelli, S.R.","contributorId":112220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrocelli","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504538,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013481,"text":"70013481 - 1984 - CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND VARIATION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS IN KENTUCKY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:38","indexId":"70013481","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND VARIATION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS IN KENTUCKY.","docAbstract":"Precipitation, topography, runoff, soils, and land use are the major causative factors of sediment yield in Kentucky. The variability and interaction of these factors directly affects the amount and type of sediment yields. Sediment yield and size data were collected during 1942-45 and 1951-81 throughout the five major physiographic regions of Kentucky and at selected stations on the main stem of the Ohio River. The highest average annual suspended-sediment discharge, the average percent sand in suspended sediment, and the bedload discharge for selected stations were noted in the article.","largerWorkTitle":"University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings - 1984 Symposium on Surface Mining, Hydrology, Sedimentology, and Reclamation.","conferenceLocation":"Lexington, KY, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Univ of Kentucky","publisherLocation":"Office of Engineering Services, Lexington, KY, USA","issn":"02706504","isbn":"0897790626","usgsCitation":"Sholar, C.J., 1984, CAUSATIVE FACTORS AND VARIATION OF SEDIMENT YIELDS IN KENTUCKY., in University of Kentucky, Office of Engineering Services, (Bulletin) UKY BU, Lexington, KY, USA, p. 141-147.","startPage":"141","endPage":"147","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2c7e4b0c8380cd4b36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sholar, Clyde J.","contributorId":85614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholar","given":"Clyde","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":366157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":87304,"text":"87304 - 1984 - Crassulacean acid metabolism in submerged aquatic plants","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T21:24:56","indexId":"87304","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5394,"text":"Advances in Agricultural Biotechnology","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Crassulacean acid metabolism in submerged aquatic plants","docAbstract":"Measurements of SO2 emission rates and concentrations and of particle distribution, size, shape, and composition were made in quiescent volcanic plumes emitted into the troposphere from Poás and Arenal volcanos, Costa Rica, and Colima volcano, Mexico. SO2 emission rates were 700±180 metric tons per day (t/d) for Poás, 210±30 t/d for Arenal, and 320±50 t/d for Colima. The concentrations of SO2 calculated from the COSPEC/lidar data were 5–380 ppb. Concentrations of SO2 measured directly by flame photometry were 10–250 ppb. Particles collected in the plumes with a quartz crystal microbalance impactor were mostly less than 3 μm in diameter and consisted of droplets of dilute sulfur-bearing solutions and minor amounts of larger silicate particles coated with a sulfur-bearing film or crust. Total particle concentrations were 4.7 μg/m3 for Poás and 18.8 μg/m3 for Colima. Comparison of concentrations of SO2 in the plumes with gas samples collected at fumaroles on the ground suggests that the plumes are diluted by the atmosphere by factors of up to 105.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JD089iD06p09633","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Casadevall, T.J., Rose, W.I., Fuller, W.H., Hunt, W.H., Hart, M.A., Moyers, J.L., Woods, D., Chuan, R.L., and Friend, J.P., 1984, Sulfur dioxide and particles in quiescent volcanic plumes from Poás, Arenal, and Colima Volcanos, Costa Rica and Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, v. 89, no. D6, p. 9633-9641, https://doi.org/10.1029/JD089iD06p09633.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9633","endPage":"9641","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"D6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9dd3e4b08c986b31dadc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, William I. Jr.","contributorId":71556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuller, William H.","contributorId":339779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, William H.","contributorId":339780,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hart, Mark A.","contributorId":339781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Moyers, Jarvis L.","contributorId":339782,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyers","given":"Jarvis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Woods, David C.","contributorId":339783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woods","given":"David C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chuan, Raymond L.","contributorId":339784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chuan","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Friend, James P.","contributorId":339785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Friend","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":905081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":85376,"text":"85376 - 1984 - Seeded grasslands for wildlife benefits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"85376","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seeded grasslands for wildlife benefits","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Guidelines for increasing wildlife on farms and ranches","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kansas State University","publisherLocation":"Manhattan, KS","usgsCitation":"Duebbert, H., 1984, Seeded grasslands for wildlife benefits, chap. of Guidelines for increasing wildlife on farms and ranches, p. 43B-45B [558 pp.].","productDescription":"p. 43B-45B [558 pp.]","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fba79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Henderson, F.R.","contributorId":113905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Duebbert, Harold F.","contributorId":11544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duebbert","given":"Harold F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013383,"text":"70013383 - 1984 - Effects of copper on composition species of periphyton in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-09T19:37:11","indexId":"70013383","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of copper on composition species of periphyton in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream","docAbstract":"An oligotrophic stream was continuously dosed for 1 yr at 2.5, 5 and 10 mu g l-1 CuT; c12, 25 and 50 ng l-1 Cu2+. The numerically most abundant taxa were Bacillariophyceae (Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula, Cymbella microcephala, C. sinuata, Fragilaria construens, F. crotonensis, Navicula spp., Synedra acus and S. rumpens), and the Cyanophyta Lyngbya spp., a co-dominant during spring and summer. Population densities of Lyngbya spp. were markedly reduced at all Cu concentrations. Population densities of the principal Chlorophyta (Spirogyra spp., Cladophora spp.) and the diatom Amphipleura pellucida were reduced at 5 mu g l-1 CuT. Of the 22 most abundant taxa, 16 were reduced in abundance by continuous exposure to 10 mu g l-1 CuT. There was no commensurate reduction in standing crop. Achnanthes minutissima was the primary replacement species. Other taxa more abundant at 5 mu g l-1 CuT than in the control were Ceratoneis arcus, Cocconeis placentula, Navicula spp. and Synedra rumpens. Only A. minutissima and Calothrix spp. were more abundant at 10 mu g l-1 than in the control. Three resemblance measures (Canberra metric, Bray-Curtis and Dice) and diversity (Brillouin's) were evaluated for detecting differences in species composition among stream sections. The Canberra metric, an index sensitive to proportional rather than absolute differences, was the most informative.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00041.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Leland, H., and Carter, J., 1984, Effects of copper on composition species of periphyton in a Sierra Nevada, California, stream: Freshwater Biology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 281-296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1984.tb00041.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"296","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":219850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-05-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06bee4b0c8380cd513cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leland, H.V.","contributorId":82455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leland","given":"H.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, J.L.","contributorId":26030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70013292,"text":"70013292 - 1984 - THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:36","indexId":"70013292","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA.","docAbstract":"Thermal-inertia data, derived from the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission (HCMM) satellite, were analyzed in areas of varying amounts of vegetation cover. Thermal differences which appear to correlate with lithologic differences have been observed previously in areas of substantial vegetation cover. However, the energy exchange occurring within the canopy is much more complex than that used to develop the methods employed to produce thermal-inertia images. Because adequate models are lacking at present, the interpretation is largely dependent on comparison, correlation, and inference. Two study areas were selected in the western United States: the Richfield, Utah and the Silver City, Arizona-New Mexico, 1 degree multiplied by 2 degree quadrangles. Many thermal-inertia highs were found to be associated with geologic-unit boundaries, faults, and ridges. Lows occur in valleys with residual soil cover.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology.","conferenceLocation":"Colorado Springs, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Research Inst of Michigan","publisherLocation":"Ann Arbor, MI, USA","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., and Hummer-Miller, S., 1984, THERMAL-INERTIA MAPPING IN VEGETATED TERRAIN FROM HEAT CAPACITY MAPPING MISSION SATELLITE DATA., Proceedings of the International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Third Thematic Conference: Remote Sensing for Exploration Geology., Colorado Springs, CO, USA, p. 197-216.","startPage":"197","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":220138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba389e4b08c986b31fd44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Ken","contributorId":90317,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hummer-Miller, Susanne","contributorId":38572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummer-Miller","given":"Susanne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":365744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85593,"text":"85593 - 1984 - Water chemistry at selected sites on pools 7 and 8 of the upper Mississippi River: a ten-year survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-15T10:23:30","indexId":"85593","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water chemistry at selected sites on pools 7 and 8 of the upper Mississippi River: a ten-year survey","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contaminants in the upper Mississippi River","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Butterworth Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., Jackson, G.A., and Korschgen, C.E., 1984, Water chemistry at selected sites on pools 7 and 8 of the upper Mississippi River: a ten-year survey, chap. of Contaminants in the upper Mississippi River, p. 279-298.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"298","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa253","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504535,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, R.V.","contributorId":18474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504534,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McConville, D.R.","contributorId":59528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McConville","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504536,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, G. A.","contributorId":73138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korschgen, C. E.","contributorId":9197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korschgen","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":85594,"text":"85594 - 1984 - Procedures for use of freshwater fishes in the development of reproducible toxicological information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"85594","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Procedures for use of freshwater fishes in the development of reproducible toxicological information","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Use of small fish in carcinogenicity testing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Cancer Institute","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Marking, L.L., 1984, Procedures for use of freshwater fishes in the development of reproducible toxicological information, chap. of Use of small fish in carcinogenicity testing, 195-199.","productDescription":"195-199","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689d43","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hoover, L.L.","contributorId":113049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504537,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013335,"text":"70013335 - 1984 - Geochronological and isotopic evidence for early Proterozoic crust in the eastern Arabian Shield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T13:22:00.850215","indexId":"70013335","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochronological and isotopic evidence for early Proterozoic crust in the eastern Arabian Shield","docAbstract":"We report zircon U-Pb, feldspar common Pb, whole-rock Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr data from sample Z-103, a fine-grained granodiorite from the Jabal Khida region of the Saudi Arabian Shield (lat 21°19′N; long 44°50′W). The measurements yield conclusive evidence for continental crust of early Proterozoic age (∼1,630 Ma) at that locality. Furthermore, lead-isotope data indicate an even earlier, perhaps Archean, crustal history for the source of the lower Proterozoic rocks.
There were three major earthquakes (7.0-7.9) during this reporting period, but all were in sparsely populated areas. The first occurred on July 11 in the South Shetland Islands, the second in the Aegean Sea on August 6, and the third on August 17 in Kamchatka. Earthquake-related deaths from other quakes were reported from Costa Rica, Iran, Japan, Turkey, the Philippine Islands, and Sicily.
\nIn the United States, aftershocks continued in the Coalinga, California, area; the largest was a magnitude (M) 6.0 on July 21. A magntidue 6.3 earthquake occurred in southern Alaska on July 12.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1984, Earthquakes, July-August 1983: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 1, p. 34-39.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318603,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56dabfc6e4b015c306f84c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169242,"text":"70169242 - 1984 - Old seismographs still in operation in Northern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T16:55:10","indexId":"70169242","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Old seismographs still in operation in Northern California","docAbstract":"Felt earthquakes are frequent on the Cape Mendocino end of the northern San Andreas fault in Humboldt County, California. For this reason a Bosch-Omori seismograph was installed by Horace Winslow of the U.S Coast and Geodetic Survey in teh old city jail in Ferndale as early as 1932. In 1981 the seismograph was moved to the Ferndale Museum where it is monitored now by James Scalvini. Data from the seismograph are sent to the Survey's National Earthquake Information Service in Golden, Colorado.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McCormick, E., 1984, Old seismographs still in operation in Northern California: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 16, no. 5, p. 194-195.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be48e4b0f59b85e02ec2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCormick, E.","contributorId":167746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCormick","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70013963,"text":"70013963 - 1984 - Characteristics that distinguish types of epithermal deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-08T15:08:28","indexId":"70013963","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characteristics that distinguish types of epithermal deposits","docAbstract":"Three distinctive groupings of epithermal deposits were recognized from a literature study of fifteen well-described precious- and base-metal epithermal districts, supplemented by L. J. Buchanan's 1981 compilation of data from 47 less completely documented deposits. The three groups are distinguished primarily by the type of alteration and the sulfur fugacity indicated by the vein mineral assemblage. Additional discriminating criteria include composition of the host rock, timing of ore deposition relative to emplacement of the host, and relative abundances of gold, silver, and base metals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(86)90016-6","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Hayba, D., Foley, N., and Heald-Wetlaufer, P., 1984, Characteristics that distinguish types of epithermal deposits: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 25, no. 1-2, p. 231-231, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(86)90016-6.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"231","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2cbe4b0c8380cd4b394","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hayba, D.O. 0000-0003-4092-1894","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-1894","contributorId":57850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayba","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, N.K.","contributorId":10801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heald-Wetlaufer, P.","contributorId":82863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heald-Wetlaufer","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221932,"text":"5221932 - 1984 - Response of avian communities to herbicide-induced vegetation changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T15:47:14.134138","indexId":"5221932","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of avian communities to herbicide-induced vegetation changes","docAbstract":"The relationships between avian communities and herbicide modification of vegetation were analyzed on early-growth clear-cuts in western Oregon that had received phenoxy herbicide treatment 1 or 4 years previously. For both 1 and 4 years post-spray, vegetation development was greater in the third height interval (> 3.0 m) on untreated sites. All measures of vegetative diversity on untreated sites exceeded those on treated sites. Overall density and diversity of birds were similar between treated and untreated sites. Several bird species altered their foraging behavior on treated sites, i.e., birds using deciduous trees increased use of shrubs on treated sites. The primary effect of herbicide application was a reduction in the complexity of vegetation, a condition due primarity to the removal of deciduous trees. Small patches of deciduous trees scattered in clear-cuts treated with phenoxy herbicides can maintain an avian community similar to that on untreated sites.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808449","usgsCitation":"Morrison, M.L., and Meslow, E.C., 1984, Response of avian communities to herbicide-induced vegetation changes: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 1, p. 14-22, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808449.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"14","endPage":"22","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":193413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Charles","contributorId":75100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meslow","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Charles","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5221978,"text":"5221978 - 1984 - A cross-fostering experiment with the Newell's race of Manx shearwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-06T14:57:53.699839","indexId":"5221978","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A cross-fostering experiment with the Newell's race of Manx shearwater","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808464","usgsCitation":"Byrd, G.V., Sincock, J.L., Elfers, T.C., Moriarty, D., and Brady, B., 1984, A cross-fostering experiment with the Newell's race of Manx shearwater: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 48, no. 1, p. 163-168, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808464.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"168","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Point Wildlife Administrative Site, Mokuaeae Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.7286755352925,\n 22.2666972335838\n ],\n [\n -159.7286755352925,\n 22.167478288459975\n ],\n [\n -159.26967247225417,\n 22.167478288459975\n ],\n [\n -159.26967247225417,\n 22.2666972335838\n ],\n [\n -159.7286755352925,\n 22.2666972335838\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byrd, G. Vernon","contributorId":88416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrd","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vernon","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":335181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sincock, John L.","contributorId":111418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sincock","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Elfers, Timothy C. telfers@usgs.gov","contributorId":5977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elfers","given":"Timothy","email":"telfers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":335182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moriarty, D.I.","contributorId":75244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moriarty","given":"D.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brady, B.G.","contributorId":28695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70013968,"text":"70013968 - 1984 - APPLICATION OF AUDIO-MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS ON SAO MIGUEL ISLAND, AZORES PORTUGAL.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:33","indexId":"70013968","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"APPLICATION OF AUDIO-MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS ON SAO MIGUEL ISLAND, AZORES PORTUGAL.","docAbstract":"Geothermal exploration and development has been under way on Sao Miguel Island, Azores since 1975. This work had been restricted to the Fogo volcano, one of three dormant silicic volcanic centers on the island. The USGS in 1982 and 1983 conducted reconnaissance natural-source audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) surveys of all three silicic centers to evaluate the potential for geothermal systems at each and to demonstrate the utility of the method in areas of difficult terrain. Results on Fogo showed a low resistivity trend extending from the present production area upslope to the caldera boundary. The upper part of this trend is the upwelling zone of a thermal plume which supplies the production area. Further exploration and drilling are now planned for this area.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Energy: Bet on It! Geothermal Resources Council 1984 Annual Meeting.","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, USA","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412588","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D., Rodrigues Da Silva, A., Pierce, H.A., and Amaral, R., 1984, APPLICATION OF AUDIO-MAGNETOTELLURIC SURVEYS ON SAO MIGUEL ISLAND, AZORES PORTUGAL., in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 8, Reno, NV, USA, p. 499-503.","startPage":"499","endPage":"503","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226121,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e630e4b0c8380cd4721d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, Donald","contributorId":43434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"Donald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodrigues Da Silva, A.","contributorId":34663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodrigues Da Silva","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A. hpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":5995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert","email":"hpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amaral, Roberto","contributorId":22352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amaral","given":"Roberto","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70013962,"text":"70013962 - 1984 - RELATIONSHIP OF THE CORTEZ CALDERA TO THE CORTEZ DISSEMINATED GOLD DEPOSIT, NEVADA.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70013962","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"RELATIONSHIP OF THE CORTEZ CALDERA TO THE CORTEZ DISSEMINATED GOLD DEPOSIT, NEVADA.","docAbstract":"The Cortez caldera is an oval structure ten km in diameter formed by caldera collapse and is located in the northern part of the Toiyabe Range, central Nevada. The Cortez gold deposit, a carbonate-hosted disseminated gold deposit, is located three km northeast of the northern margin of the Cortez caldera. Dike within the Cortez gold deposit have a similar age and composition as the Caetano Tuff and strike N 30-40 degree W, subparallel to the caldera margin and dip up to 45 degree toward the caldera. Remnants of the outflow facies of the Caetano Tuff near the Cortez deposit indicate that the deposit formed near the Oligocene paleosurface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"conferenceTitle":"Explor for Ore Dep of the North Am Cordillera, Sel Pap of the Symp of the Assoc of Explor Geochem","conferenceDate":"25 March 1984 through 28 March 1984","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV, USA","language":"English","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Rytuba, J.J., Madrid, R.J., and McKee, E., 1984, RELATIONSHIP OF THE CORTEZ CALDERA TO THE CORTEZ DISSEMINATED GOLD DEPOSIT, NEVADA.: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 25, no. 1-2.","startPage":"251","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9343e4b0c8380cd80cf5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rytuba, James J. jrytuba@usgs.gov","contributorId":3043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rytuba","given":"James","email":"jrytuba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madrid, Raul J.","contributorId":45470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madrid","given":"Raul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, E.H.","contributorId":20736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70194922,"text":"70194922 - 1984 - Unsaturated-zone instrumentation in coarse alluvial deposits of the Amargosa Desert near Beatty, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T08:30:10","indexId":"70194922","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"CONF-8409115","title":"Unsaturated-zone instrumentation in coarse alluvial deposits of the Amargosa Desert near Beatty, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01868030","usgsCitation":"Newman, J.R., and Schreiber, R.K., 1984, Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions: Environmental Management, v. 8, no. 4, p. 309-324, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01868030.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"324","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350726,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4ca1e4b06e28e9cabb48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, James R.","contributorId":91907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schreiber, R. Kent","contributorId":58145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schreiber","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194901,"text":"70194901 - 1984 - Social organization of sea otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-26T17:33:24","indexId":"70194901","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social organization of sea otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska","docAbstract":"Sea otters in Prince William Sound. Alaska, were spatially segregated into predominantly (97%) male areas at the front of the expanding population and breeding areas with fewer (up to 33%) males. From 1975 to 1984 we captured and marked 267 otters with tags and (or) radio transmitters and investigated their reproductive strategies, social relationships, and patterns of sexual segregation. Mating occurred year-round, but peaked in September and October. Females first bred at 4 years of age and were capable of pupping annually; they generally separated from their pup before mating. Males established breeding territories that enabled prolonged precopulatory interactions that may have prompted female–pup separation and post-copulatory interactions that precluded females from mating with other males. Male mating success was related to age, weight, territory quality, and the length of time they maintained their territory. After the breeding season, territorial males returned to male areas where food was more abundant. Young, dispersing males also entered male areas and remained there until attaining breeding age. In male areas, otters commonly rested in groups of >50 individuals. Gregariousness promoted social interactions and likely enhanced food finding and (historically) predator protection. As food diminished, males moved into adjacent, unoccupied regions; females then occupied former male areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z84-385","usgsCitation":"Garshelis, D., Johnson, A.M., and Garshelis, J.A., 1984, Social organization of sea otters in Prince William Sound, Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 62, no. 12, p. 2648-2658, https://doi.org/10.1139/z84-385.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2648","endPage":"2658","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":350732,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound","volume":"62","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6c4ca1e4b06e28e9cabb46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garshelis, David L.","contributorId":89457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garshelis","given":"David L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Ancel M.","contributorId":91543,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Ancel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garshelis, Judith A.","contributorId":76386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garshelis","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":726048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70195015,"text":"70195015 - 1984 - Florida: A Jurassic transform plate boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T11:53:13","indexId":"70195015","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Florida: A Jurassic transform plate boundary","docAbstract":"Magnetic, gravity, seismic, and deep drill hole data integrated with plate tectonic reconstructions substantiate the existence of a transform plate boundary across southern Florida during the Jurassic. On the basis of this integrated suite of data the pre-Cretaceous Florida-Bahamas region can be divided into the pre-Jurassic North American plate, Jurassic marginal rift basins, and a broad Jurassic transform zone including stranded blocks of pre-Mesozoic continental crust. Major tectonic units include the Suwannee basin in northern Florida containing Paleozoic sedimentary rocks, a central Florida basement complex of Paleozoic age crystalline rock, the west Florida platform composed of stranded blocks of continental crust, the south Georgia rift containing Triassic sedimentary rocks which overlie block-faulted Suwannee basin sedimentary rocks, the Late Triassic-Jurassic age Apalachicola rift basin, and the Jurassic age south Florida, Bahamas, and Blake Plateau marginal rift basins. The major tectonic units are bounded by basement hinge zones and fracture zones (FZ). The basement hinge zone represents the block-faulted edge of the North American plate, separating Paleozoic and older crustal rocks from Jurassic rifted crust beneath the marginal basins. Fracture zones separate Mesozoic marginal sedimentary basins and include the Blake Spur FZ, Jacksonville FZ, Bahamas FZ, and Cuba FZ, bounding the Blake Plateau, Bahamas, south Florida, and southeastern Gulf of Mexico basins. The Bahamas FZ is the most important of all these features because its northwest extension coincides with the Gulf basin marginal fault zone, forming the southern edge of the North American plate during the Jurassic. The limited space between the North American and the South American/African plates requires that the Jurassic transform zone, connecting the Central Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico spreading systems, was located between the Bahamas and Cuba FZ's in the region of southern Florida. Our plate reconstructions combined with chronostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic information for the Gulf of Mexico, southern Florida, and the Bahamas indicate that the gulf was sealed off from the Atlantic waters until Callovian time by an elevated Florida-Bahamas region. Restricted influx of waters started in Callovian as a plate reorganization, and increased plate separation between North America and South America/Africa produced waterways into the Gulf of Mexico from the Pacific and possibly from the Atlantic.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JB089iB09p07753","usgsCitation":"Klitgord, K.D., Popenoe, P., and Schouten, H., 1984, Florida: A Jurassic transform plate boundary: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 89, no. 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Hans","contributorId":64474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schouten","given":"Hans","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014034,"text":"70014034 - 1984 - Mass movement of fine-grained sediment to the basin floor, bering sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014034","displayToPublicDate":"1984-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1742,"text":"Geo-Marine Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mass movement of fine-grained sediment to the basin floor, bering sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"Large volumes of fine-grained sediment have been transported to the deepbasin floor in the Bering Sea, especially during glacial low stands of sea level. Turbidity currents and several types of mass movement have been the chief transporting agents. ?? 1985 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geo-Marine Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02281710","issn":"02760460","usgsCitation":"Carlson, P., and Karl, H.A., 1984, Mass movement of fine-grained sediment to the basin floor, bering sea, Alaska: Geo-Marine Letters, v. 4, no. 3-4, p. 221-225, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02281710.","startPage":"221","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205671,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02281710"},{"id":225999,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5252e4b0c8380cd6c30c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}