{"pageNumber":"516","pageRowStart":"12875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70236718,"text":"70236718 - 2021 - A revised position for the primary strand of the Pleistocene-Holocene San Andreas fault in southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T14:21:44.081001","indexId":"70236718","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-24T09:18:32","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5010,"text":"Science Advances","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A revised position for the primary strand of the Pleistocene-Holocene San Andreas fault in southern California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The San Andreas fault has the highest calculated time-dependent probability for large-magnitude earthquakes in southern California. However, where the fault is multistranded east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, it has been uncertain which strand has the fastest slip rate and, therefore, which has the highest probability of a destructive earthquake. Reconstruction of offset Pleistocene-Holocene landforms dated using the uranium-thorium soil carbonate and beryllium-10 surface exposure techniques indicates slip rates of 24.1 ± 3 millimeter per year for the San Andreas fault, with 21.6 ± 2 and 2.5 ± 1 millimeters per year for the Mission Creek and Banning strands, respectively. These data establish the Mission Creek strand as the primary fault bounding the Pacific and North American plates at this latitude and imply that 6 to 9 meters of elastic strain has accumulated along the fault since the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake, highlighting the potential for large earthquakes along this strand.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/sciadv.aaz5691","usgsCitation":"Blisniuk, K., Scharer, K., Sharp, W., Burgmann, R., Amos, C., and Rymer, M., 2021, A revised position for the primary strand of the Pleistocene-Holocene San Andreas fault in southern California: Science Advances, v. 7, eaaz5691, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5691.","productDescription":"eaaz5691, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-111194","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz5691","text":"External Repository"},{"id":406838,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.21612548828124,\n              33.527658137677335\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.004638671875,\n              33.71748624018193\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.8011474609375,\n              34.21634468843463\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.971435546875,\n              33.93880275084578\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.21612548828124,\n              33.527658137677335\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blisniuk, Kim","contributorId":296614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blisniuk","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24620,"text":"San Jose State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scharer, Katherine M. 0000-0003-2811-2496","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2811-2496","contributorId":217361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scharer","given":"Katherine M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sharp, Warren","contributorId":295386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","affiliations":[{"id":38176,"text":"Berkeley Geochronology Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burgmann, Roland 0000-0002-3560-044X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-044X","contributorId":264610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgmann","given":"Roland","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54514,"text":"Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amos, Colin","contributorId":196408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amos","given":"Colin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rymer, Michael 0000-0002-5429-5073 mrymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5429-5073","contributorId":220757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70220559,"text":"70220559 - 2021 - Across borders: External factors and prior behaviour influence North Pacific albatross associations with fishing vessels","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:56:32.323965","indexId":"70220559","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-24T07:45:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2163,"text":"Journal of Applied Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Across borders: External factors and prior behaviour influence North Pacific albatross associations with fishing vessels","docAbstract":"<ol class=\"\"><li>Understanding encounters between marine predators and fisheries across national borders and outside national jurisdictions offers new perspectives on unwanted interactions to inform ocean management and predator conservation. Although seabird–fisheries overlap has been documented at many scales, remote identification of vessel encounters has lagged because vessel movement data often are lacking.</li><li>Here, we reveal albatrosses–fisheries associations throughout the North Pacific Ocean. We identified commercial fishing operations using Global Fishing Watch data and algorithms to detect fishing vessels. We compiled GPS tracks of adult black-footed<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phoebastria nigripes</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and Laysan<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phoebastria</i><span>&nbsp;</span><i>immutabilis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>albatrosses, and juvenile short-tailed albatrosses<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phoebastria albatrus</i>. We quantified albatrosses-vessel encounters based on the assumed distance that birds perceive a vessel (≤30&nbsp;km), and associations when birds approached vessels (≤3&nbsp;km). For each event we quantified bird behaviour, environmental conditions and vessel characteristics and then applied Boosted Regression Tree models to identify drivers and the duration of these associations.</li><li>In regions of greater fishing effort short-tailed and Laysan albatrosses associated with fishing vessels more frequently. However, fishing method (e.g. longline, trawl) and flag nation did not influence association prevalence nor the duration short-tailed albatrosses attended fishing vessels. Laysan albatrosses were more likely to approach longer vessels. Black-footed albatrosses were the most likely to approach vessels (61.9%), but limited vessel encounters (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;21) prevented evaluation of meaningful explanatory models for this species of high bycatch concern.</li><li>Temporal variables (time of day and month) and bird behavioural state helped explain when short-tailed albatrosses were in close proximity to a vessel, but environmental conditions were more important for explaining interaction duration. Laysan albatrosses were more likely to associate with vessels while searching and during the last 60% (by time) of their trips.</li><li>Our results provide specific species–fisheries insight regarding contributing factors of high-risk associations that could lead to bycatch of albatrosses within national waters and on the high seas.</li><li><i>Policy implications</i>. Given the availability of Global Fishing Watch data, our analysis can be applied to other marine predators—if tracking data are available—to identify spatio-temporal patterns, vessel specific attributes and predator behaviours associated with fishing vessel associations, thus enabling predictive modelling and targeted mitigation measures.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/1365-2664.13849","usgsCitation":"Orben, R.A., Adams, J., Hester, M.M., Shaffer, S.A., Suryan, R.M., Deguchi, T., Ozaki, K., Sato, F., Young, L.C., Clatterbuck, C.A., Conners, M.G., Kroodsma, D.A., and Torres, L., 2021, Across borders: External factors and prior behaviour influence North Pacific albatross associations with fishing vessels: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 58, no. 6, p. 1272-1283, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13849.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1272","endPage":"1283","ipdsId":"IP-113755","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/faculty_rsca/2998","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385757,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orben, Rachael A 0000-0002-0802-407X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-407X","contributorId":221851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orben","given":"Rachael","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Josh 0000-0003-3056-925X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-925X","contributorId":213442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Josh","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hester, Michelle M. 0000-0002-0769-5904","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0769-5904","contributorId":197785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hester","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shaffer, Scott A. 0000-0002-7751-5059","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-5059","contributorId":202761,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24620,"text":"San Jose State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Suryan, Robert M. 0000-0003-0755-8317","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0755-8317","contributorId":221852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suryan","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40443,"text":"Oregon State University, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Deguchi, Tomo 0000-0001-8005-9114","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8005-9114","contributorId":258227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deguchi","given":"Tomo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52255,"text":"Division of Avian Conservation, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko, Chiba, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ozaki, Kiyoaki 0000-0002-1056-231X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1056-231X","contributorId":124594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ozaki","given":"Kiyoaki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sato, Fumio 0000-0002-0092-4479","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-4479","contributorId":255224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sato","given":"Fumio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51492,"text":"Division of Avian Conservation, Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, 115 Konoyama, Abiko, Chiba 270-11, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Young, Lindsay C.","contributorId":149044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clatterbuck, Corey A. 0000-0003-1351-8565","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1351-8565","contributorId":202763,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clatterbuck","given":"Corey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24620,"text":"San Jose State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Conners, Melinda G. 0000-0003-0572-0026","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-0026","contributorId":214869,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Conners","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":816023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kroodsma, David A 0000-0002-1752-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1752-9141","contributorId":258228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kroodsma","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":52256,"text":"Global Fishing Watch, Washington, DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Torres, Leigh G 0000-0002-2643-3950","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-3950","contributorId":258229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leigh G","affiliations":[{"id":52257,"text":"Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70231210,"text":"70231210 - 2021 - Forecasting ecological responses for wetland restoration planning in Florida's Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T13:25:44.781534","indexId":"70231210","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-24T06:46:04","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Forecasting ecological responses for wetland restoration planning in Florida's Everglades","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab0010\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as0010\"><p id=\"sp0035\">The Everglades wetland was once a river of grass, with water flowing slowly through the sawgrass, southward across the landscape. As developers took hold of south Florida, water was sent away from the heart of the Everglades through canals and levees to protect the former wetland for residential and agricultural development. In the 1990s, planning began to restore the Everglades in what is the largest hydrologic restoration undertaking in the world. With billions of taxpayer dollars at stake, restoration planners benefit from forecasting tools to inform restoration planning. To meet this need, scientists developed predictive ecological models and other decision support tools tailored to this dynamic ecosystem as well as to the needs of restoration planning teams. Predictive modeling has been able to take advantage of well-understood relationships between species of interest and hydrologic dynamics in the Everglades. Recent modeling advances include multi-species approaches that consider interactions among species as well as explicit consideration of trade-offs among species from potential water management actions. Scientists are also starting to look at ecosystem-wide vulnerabilities with explicit consideration of future change such as sea level rise. Modeling tools and approaches continue to be refined to meet decision making needs for Everglades restoration. However, more work is needed to consider additional complexities of this dynamic wetland as well as to consider the broader socio-environmental system.</p></div></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-821139-7.00032-5","usgsCitation":"Romanach, S., and Pearlstine, L.G., 2021, Forecasting ecological responses for wetland restoration planning in Florida's Everglades, chap. <i>of</i> Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821139-7.00032-5.","ipdsId":"IP-124270","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":400022,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.947021484375,\n              25.030861410390447\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7222900390625,\n              25.030861410390447\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7222900390625,\n              26.799557733065352\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.947021484375,\n              26.799557733065352\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.947021484375,\n              25.030861410390447\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Romanach, Stephanie 0000-0003-0271-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":220761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanach","given":"Stephanie","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearlstine, Leonard G.","contributorId":34751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":842040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70219153,"text":"70219153 - 2021 - Exploring VIIRS continuity with MODIS in an expedited capability for monitoring drought-related vegetation conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T11:57:38.134952","indexId":"70219153","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T11:47:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring VIIRS continuity with MODIS in an expedited capability for monitoring drought-related vegetation conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Vegetation has been effectively monitored using remote sensing time-series vegetation index (VI) data for several decades. Drought monitoring has been a common application with algorithms tuned to capturing anomalous temporal and spatial vegetation patterns. Drought stress models, such as the Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI), often use VIs like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The EROS expedited Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS)-based, 7-day NDVI composites are integral to the VegDRI. As MODIS satellite platforms (Terra and Aqua) approach mission end, the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) presents an alternate NDVI source, with daily collection, similar band passes, and moderate spatial resolution. This study provides a statistical comparison between EROS expedited VIIRS (eVIIRS) 375-m and eMODIS 250-m and tests the suitability of replacing MODIS NDVI with VIIRS NDVI for drought monitoring and vegetation anomaly detection. For continuity with MODIS NDVI, we calculated a geometric mean regression adjustment algorithm using 375-m resolution for an eMODIS-like NDVI (eVIIRS’) eVIIRS’ = 0.9887 × eVIIRS − 0.0398. The resulting statistical comparisons (eVIIRS’ vs. eMODIS NDVI) showed correlations consistently greater than 0.84 throughout the three years studied. The eVIIRS’ VegDRI results characterized similar drought patterns and hotspots to the eMODIS-based VegDRI, with near zero bias.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs13061210","usgsCitation":"Benedict, T.D., Brown, J.F., Boyte, S., Howard, D., Fuchs, B., Wardlow, B.D., Tadesse, T., and Evenson, K., 2021, Exploring VIIRS continuity with MODIS in an expedited capability for monitoring drought-related vegetation conditions: Remote Sensing, v. 13, no. 6, 1210, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061210.","productDescription":"1210, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126651","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452960,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061210","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.61328125,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.61328125,\n              39.977120098439634\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.61328125,\n              37.68382032669382\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Benedict, Trenton D 0000-0001-8672-2204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-2204","contributorId":256662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Benedict","given":"Trenton","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":51826,"text":"KBR, Inc. Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":176609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyte, Stephen P. 0000-0002-5462-3225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-3225","contributorId":205374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyte","given":"Stephen P.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, Daniel 0000-0002-7563-7538","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-7538","contributorId":256667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":51826,"text":"KBR, Inc. Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fuchs, Brian","contributorId":192359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuchs","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wardlow, Brian D. 0000-0002-4767-581X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4767-581X","contributorId":191403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wardlow","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tadesse, Tsegaye 0000-0002-4102-1137","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-1137","contributorId":147617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tadesse","given":"Tsegaye","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Evenson, Kirk","contributorId":256674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evenson","given":"Kirk","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51826,"text":"KBR, Inc. Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation & Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70223101,"text":"70223101 - 2021 - Assessment of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) diet using DNA metabarcoding of feces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-11T14:40:29.799032","indexId":"70223101","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T09:32:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Assessment of sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) diet using DNA metabarcoding of feces","title":"Assessment of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) diet using DNA metabarcoding of feces","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea lamprey (</span><span><i>Petromyzon marinus</i></span><span>) are invasive in the Laurentian Great Lakes, parasitize large-bodied fishes, and therefore are the focus of an international control program. However, damage caused by sea lamprey to modern day fish stocks remains uncertain because diet analysis of juvenile sea lamprey has been challenging; they feed on blood and are difficult to randomly sample in the lakes. Here, both challenges were addressed by showing that DNA metabarcoding of fecal material can be used to identify the diet of actively feeding juvenile sea lamprey, and can also be used to determine what non-feeding adult sea lamprey captured in streams fed on while parasitizing fish. Fecal samples from juvenile sea lamprey that were feeding on lake trout in northern Lake Huron overwhelmingly contained lake trout (</span><span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i></span><span>) DNA (90%), while smaller percentages contained lake whitefish (</span><span><i>Coregonus clupeaformis</i></span><span>; 5%) and longnose sucker (</span><span><i>Catostomus</i><i>&nbsp;catostomus</i></span><span>; 5%) DNA. Fecal samples from adult sea lamprey captured from a tributary to northern Lake Huron overwhelmingly contained longnose and white sucker DNA (</span><i>Catostomus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.; 80%), while a smaller percentage contained lake trout DNA (10%). Diet composition of adult sea lamprey sampled in the tributary (Black Mallard Creek) was more diverse than juvenile diet composition. DNA metabarcoding suggests that&nbsp;</span><i>Catostomus</i><span>&nbsp;spp. may be an important host fish in northern Lake Huron for sea lamprey prior to spawning. Future research could investigate how diet varies across years and lakes and the prevalence and sources of DNA contamination. Application of DNA metabarcoding for diet assessment may be practical for identifying populations of invasive sea lamprey that feed on highly valued fishes and help guide restoration of lampreys worldwide.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107605","usgsCitation":"Johnson, N.S., Lewandoski, S.A., and Merkes, C.M., 2021, Assessment of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) diet using DNA metabarcoding of feces: Ecological Indicators, v. 125, 107605, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107605.","productDescription":"107605, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-127616","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107605","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387856,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Hammond Bay, Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.99459838867188,\n              45.49431506693786\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.9520263671875,\n              45.53232688809725\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.97880554199219,\n              45.58761466314763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.06257629394531,\n              45.6029894122523\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.11819458007811,\n              45.58569252333191\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.12574768066406,\n              45.558294879426235\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.11338806152344,\n              45.511640093571096\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.07424926757812,\n              45.49238973487207\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.02549743652344,\n              45.50057194157223\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.99459838867188,\n              45.49431506693786\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"125","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewandoski, Sean A.","contributorId":221007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewandoski","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merkes, Christopher M. 0000-0001-8191-627X cmerkes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-627X","contributorId":139516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merkes","given":"Christopher","email":"cmerkes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70222609,"text":"70222609 - 2021 - Geological constraints on the mechanisms of slow earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-09T13:57:48.415744","indexId":"70222609","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T08:54:52","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9136,"text":"Nature Reviews Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological constraints on the mechanisms of slow earthquakes","docAbstract":"<p><span>The recognition of slow earthquakes in geodetic and seismological data has transformed the understanding of how plate motions are accommodated at major plate boundaries. Slow earthquakes, which slip more slowly than regular earthquakes but faster than plate motion velocities, occur in a range of tectonic and metamorphic settings. They exhibit spatiotemporal associations with large seismic events that indicate a causal relation between modes of slip at different slip rates. Defining the physical controls on slow earthquakes is, therefore, critical for understanding fault and shear zone mechanics. In this Review, we synthesize geological observations of a suite of ancient structures that were active in tectonic settings comparable to where slow earthquakes are observed today. At inferred slow earthquake regions, a range of grain-scale deformation mechanisms accommodated slip at low effective stresses. Material heterogeneity and the geometric complexity of structures that formed at different inferred strain rates are common to faults and shear zones in multiple tectonic environments, and might represent key limiting factors of slow earthquake slip rates. Further geological work is needed to resolve how the spectrum of slow earthquake slip rates can arise from different grain-scale deformation mechanisms and whether there is one universal rate-limiting mechanism that defines slow earthquake slip.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publications","doi":"10.1038/s43017-021-00148-w","usgsCitation":"Kirkpatrick, J.D., Fagereng, A., and Shelly, D.R., 2021, Geological constraints on the mechanisms of slow earthquakes: Nature Reviews Earth and Environment, v. 2, p. 285-301, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00148-w.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"285","endPage":"301","ipdsId":"IP-124320","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467251,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/140270/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":387780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirkpatrick, James D.","contributorId":202603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fagereng, Ake","contributorId":261903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fagereng","given":"Ake","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":53076,"text":"School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":820737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shelly, David R. 0000-0003-2783-5158 dshelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2783-5158","contributorId":206750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":820803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70222461,"text":"70222461 - 2021 - Genetic structure of Maryland Brook Trout populations: Management implications for a threatened species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-14T16:37:31.761678","indexId":"70222461","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T08:49:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic structure of Maryland Brook Trout populations: Management implications for a threatened species","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Brook Trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>have declined across their native range due to multiple anthropogenic factors, including landscape alteration and climate change. Although coldwater streams in Maryland (eastern United States) historically supported significant Brook Trout populations, only fragmented remnant populations remain, with the exception of the upper Savage River watershed in western Maryland. Using microsatellite data from 38 collections, we defined genetic relationships of Brook Trout populations in Maryland drainages. Microsatellite analyses of Brook Trout indicated the presence of five major discrete units defined as the Youghiogheny (Ohio), Susquehanna, Patapsco/Gunpowder, Catoctin, and Upper Potomac, with a distinct genetic subunit present in the Savage River (upper Potomac). We did not observe evidence for widespread hatchery introgression with native Brook Trout. However, genetic effects due to fragmentation were evident in several Maryland Brook Trout populations, resulting in erosion of diversity that may have negative implications for their future persistence. Our current study supplements an increasing body of evidence that Brook Trout populations in Maryland are highly susceptible to multiple anthropogenic stresses, and many populations may be extirpated in the near future. Future management efforts focused on habitat protection and potential stream restoration, coupled with a comprehensive assessment framework that includes genetic considerations, may provide the best outlook for Brook Trout populations in Maryland.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/nafm.10618","usgsCitation":"Morgan II, R., Kazyak, D., King, T., Lubinski, B.A., Sell, M.T., Heft, A.A., and Jones, J.W., 2021, Genetic structure of Maryland Brook Trout populations: Management implications for a threatened species: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1097-1119, https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10618.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1119","ipdsId":"IP-113456","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open 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,{"id":70218995,"text":"pp1842DD - 2021 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70218995,"text":"pp1842DD - 2021 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)","indexId":"pp1842DD","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"chapter":"DD","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Lark Sparrow (<i>Chondestes grammacus</i>)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70203022,"text":"pp1842 - 2019 - The effects of management practices on grassland birds","indexId":"pp1842","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds"},"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-20T20:56:32.615583","indexId":"pp1842DD","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T08:45:33","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1842","chapter":"DD","displayTitle":"The Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds—Lark Sparrow (<i>Chondestes grammacus</i>)","title":"The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lark Sparrow (Chondestes grammacus)","docAbstract":"<p>Keys to Lark Sparrow (<i>Chondestes grammacus</i>) management include providing open grasslands with sparse-to-moderate herbaceous and litter cover and a woody component and allowing occasional burning or moderate grazing. Lark Sparrows have been reported to use habitats with 10–63 centimeters (cm) average vegetation height, 10–54 percent grass cover, 9–25 percent forb cover, 4–18 percent shrub cover, 16–38 percent bare ground, 12–45 percent litter cover, and less than or equal to 1 cm litter depth.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1842DD","usgsCitation":"Shaffer, J.A., Igl, L.D., Johnson, D.H., Sondreal, M.L., Goldade, C.M., Parkin, B.D., and Euliss, B.R., 2021, The effects of management practices on grassland birds—Lark Sparrow (<i>Chondestes grammacus</i>), chap. DD <i>of</i> Johnson, D.H., Igl, L.D., Shaffer, J.A., and DeLong, J.P., eds., The effects of management practices on grassland birds: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1842, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1842DD.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-095209","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384458,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/dd/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384459,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1842/dd/pp1842dd.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.09 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1842–DD"}],"contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/npwrc\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/npwrc\">Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center</a> <br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>8711 37th Street Southeast <br>Jamestown, ND&nbsp;58401</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Capsule Statement</li><li>Breeding Range</li><li>Suitable Habitat</li><li>Area Requirements and Landscape Associations</li><li>Brood Parasitism by Cowbirds and Other Species</li><li>Breeding-Season Phenology and Site Fidelity</li><li>Species’ Response to Management</li><li>Management Recommendations from the Literature</li><li>References</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2021-03-23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shaffer, Jill A. 0000-0003-3172-0708","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3172-0708","contributorId":223126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"Jill A.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Igl, Lawrence D. 0000-0003-0530-7266","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-7266","contributorId":223125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Igl","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":220516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas H.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sondreal, Marriah L.","contributorId":73532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sondreal","given":"Marriah","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goldade, Christopher M.","contributorId":90668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldade","given":"Christopher M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Parkin, Barry D.","contributorId":216020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parkin","given":"Barry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":39297,"text":"former U.S. Geological Survey employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Euliss, Betty R.","contributorId":191881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euliss","given":"Betty","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24583,"text":"former USGS employee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70219127,"text":"70219127 - 2021 - Evaluating low flow patterns, drivers and trends in the Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T15:21:33.345833","indexId":"70219127","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T08:28:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating low flow patterns, drivers and trends in the Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab010\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as010\"><p id=\"sp0010\">In the humid, temperate Delaware River Basin (DRB) where water availability is generally reliable, summer low flows can cause competition between various human and ecological water uses. As temperatures continue to rise, population increases and development expands, it is critical to understand historical low flow variability to anticipate and plan for future flows. Using a sample of 325 U.S. Geological Survey gages, we evaluated spatial patterns in several low flow metrics, the biophysical and climatic drivers of these metrics, and trends in low flows for two periods: 1950-2018 and 1980-2018. We calculated the annual 7-day low flow and date, low flow deficit as the departure below a long-term daily flow threshold and the number of discrete low flow periods below this threshold. We also aggregated several climate metrics to watershed scale and used existing watershed properties quantifying land cover, topography, soils, geology, and human activity. Random forest models were used to assess the hierarchy of variable importance in explaining mean-annual low flow variability for each low flow metric using all gages. We find muted regional patterns in mean-annual low flow and low flow variability, likely due to the myriad of anthropogenic, landscape, and flow modifications that obscure flow regimes from their natural characteristics. In contrast, individual years show markedly different spatial patterns in low flow magnitude and severity. Coincident with increases in precipitation, 7-day low flows have generally increased and low flow deficits decreased for both 1950-2018 and 1980-2018 periods. However, 7-day low flows have decreased in the Coastal Plain physiographic province where water use and impervious area have increased in recent decades, highlighting the effects of land and water management on low flows. With continued change expected in the DRB, additional research needs are highlighted to enable estimation of future low flows and to plan for periods of prolonged low flow.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126246","usgsCitation":"Hammond, J., and Fleming, B.J., 2021, Evaluating low flow patterns, drivers and trends in the Delaware River Basin: Journal of Hydrology, v. 598, 126246, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126246.","productDescription":"126246, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119782","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452969,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126246","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436442,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P92UYECV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Annual low flow, climate and watershed properties for 325 USGS gages in and near the Delaware River Basin"},{"id":384673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.86035156249999,\n              39.317300373271024\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.69580078125,\n              38.436379603\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.08056640625,\n              38.40194908237822\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.454345703125,\n              38.71980474264237\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.927001953125,\n              40.16208338164617\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.00390625,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              42.00032514831621\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.289306640625,\n              41.934976500546604\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.058349609375,\n              41.46742831254425\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.080078125,\n              40.622291783092706\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"598","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hammond, John C. 0000-0002-4935-0736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0736","contributorId":223108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"John C.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, Brandon J. 0000-0001-9649-7485 bjflemin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-7485","contributorId":4115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"Brandon","email":"bjflemin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70219452,"text":"70219452 - 2021 - Earthquake magnitudes from dynamic strain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-01T17:41:40.584666","indexId":"70219452","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T08:01:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake magnitudes from dynamic strain","docAbstract":"<p><span>Dynamic strains have never played a role in determining local earthquake magnitudes, which are routinely set by displacement waveforms from seismic instrumentation (e.g.,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">M<sub>L</sub></span><sub>⁠</sub></span><span>). We present a magnitude scale for local earthquakes based on broadband dynamic strain waveforms. This scale is derived from the peak root‐mean‐squared strains (</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\">⁠<span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">A</span>⁠</span><span>) in 4589 records of dynamic strain associated with 365 crustal earthquakes and 77 borehole strainmeters along the Pacific‐North American plate boundary on the west coast of the United States and Canada. In this data set, catalog moment magnitudes range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">3.5≤<i>M</i><sub>w</sub><span id=\"MathJax-Span-9\" class=\"math\"><span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-10\" class=\"mrow\"><span id=\"MathJax-Span-16\" class=\"mo\">≤</span><span id=\"MathJax-Span-17\" class=\"mn\">7.2</span></span></span></span></span>⁠</span><span>, and hypocentral distances range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">6≤<i>R</i>≤500  km</span></span><span>. The 1D representation of geometrical spreading and attenuation of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">A</span></span><span>&nbsp;common to all strain data is&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">log<i>A<sub>0</sub></i>(<i>R</i>)=−0.00072R−1.45log(R)</span></span><span>. After correcting for instrument gain, site terms, and event terms, the magnitude scale,&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>M</i><sub>DS</sub>=log <i>A</i>−log <i>A</i><sub>0</sub>(<i>R</i>)−log(3×10−9)</span>⁠</span><span>, scales as&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">≈0.92<i>M</i><sub>w</sub></span></span><span>&nbsp;with a residual standard deviation of 0.19. This close association with&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\"><i>M</i><sub>w</sub></span></span><span>&nbsp;holds for events east of the −124° meridian; west of this boundary, however, a constant correction of 0.41 is needed to adjust for additional along‐path attenuation effects. As a check on the accuracy of this magnitude scale, we apply it to dynamic strain records from three strainmeters located in the near field of the 2019&nbsp;</span><strong><span class=\"inline-formula no-formula-id\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=\">M</span></span></strong><span>&nbsp;6.4 and 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquakes. Results from these six records are in agreement to within 0.5 magnitude units, and five out of six records are in agreement to within 0.34 units.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120200360","usgsCitation":"Barbour, A.J., Langbein, J.O., and Farghal, N.S., 2021, Earthquake magnitudes from dynamic strain: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 3, p. 1325-1346, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200360.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1325","endPage":"1346","ipdsId":"IP-115521","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.19140625,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00390625,\n              35.60371874069731\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.81640624999999,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              45.583289756006316\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.431640625,\n              47.989921667414194\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.34374999999999,\n              51.01375465718821\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.73828125,\n              51.998410382390325\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.814453125,\n              50.792047064406866\n            ],\n            [\n              -126.474609375,\n              46.619261036171515\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.41992187499999,\n              40.84706035607122\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.958984375,\n              35.17380831799959\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.267578125,\n              32.39851580247402\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0703125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19140625,\n              33.358061612778876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbour, Andrew J. 0000-0002-6890-2452 abarbour@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-2452","contributorId":197158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbour","given":"Andrew","email":"abarbour@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farghal, Noha Sameh Ahmed 0000-0001-8423-5066","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-5066","contributorId":237040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farghal","given":"Noha","email":"","middleInitial":"Sameh Ahmed","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70219162,"text":"70219162 - 2021 - Natural and anthropogenic geochemical tracers to investigate residence times and groundwater–surface-water interactions in an urban alluvial aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-29T12:54:34.606575","indexId":"70219162","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T07:51:21","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Natural and anthropogenic geochemical tracers to investigate residence times and groundwater–surface-water interactions in an urban alluvial aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>A multi-component geochemical dataset was collected from groundwater and surface-water bodies associated with the urban Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer, Colorado, USA, to facilitate analysis of recharge sources, geochemical interactions, and groundwater-residence times. Results indicate that groundwater can be separated into three distinct geochemical zones based on location within the flow system and proximity to surface water, and these zones can be used to infer sources of recharge and groundwater movement through the aquifer. Rare-earth-element concentrations and detections of wastewater-indicator compounds indicate the presence of effluent from wastewater-treatment plants in both groundwater and surface water. Effluent presence in groundwater indicates that streams in the area lose to groundwater in some seasons and are a source of focused groundwater recharge. Distributions of pharmaceuticals and wastewater-indicator compounds also inform an understanding of groundwater–surface-water interactions. Noble-gas isotopes corroborate rare-earth-element data in indicating geochemical evolution within the aquifer from recharge area to discharge area and qualitatively indicate variable groundwater-residence times and mixing with pre-modern groundwater. Quantitative groundwater-residence times calculated from&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>H/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He, SF</span><sub>6</sub><span>, and lumped-parameter modeling generally are less than 20 years, but the presence of mixing with older groundwater of an unknown age is also indicated at selected locations. Future investigations would benefit by including groundwater-age tracers suited to quantification of mixing for both young (years to decades) and old (centuries and millennia) groundwater. This multi-faceted analysis facilitated development of a conceptual model for the investigated groundwater-flow system and illustrates the application of an encompassing suite of analytes in exploring hydrologic and geochemical interactions in complex systems.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w13060871","usgsCitation":"Newman, C.P., Paschke, S.S., and Keith, G.L., 2021, Natural and anthropogenic geochemical tracers to investigate residence times and groundwater–surface-water interactions in an urban alluvial aquifer: Water, v. 13, no. 6, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060871.","productDescription":"30 p.","ipdsId":"IP-118155","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452974,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060871","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436443,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99SPQM2","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Environmental-tracer modeling to support hydrogeochemical evaluation of the Fountain Creek Alluvial Aquifer, El Paso County, Colorado, 2018-2019"},{"id":384712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United  States","state":"Colorado","city":"Colorado Springs","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.2490234375,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1888427734375,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.1888427734375,\n              39.16839998800286\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2490234375,\n              39.16839998800286\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2490234375,\n              38.61687046392973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newman, Connor P. 0000-0002-6978-3440","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-3440","contributorId":222596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Connor","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S. 0000-0002-3471-4242 spaschke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3471-4242","contributorId":1347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"spaschke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, Gabrielle L. 0000-0002-2304-8504 gkeith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2304-8504","contributorId":256699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Gabrielle","email":"gkeith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70259605,"text":"70259605 - 2021 - Assessment of a claimed ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) earthquake precursor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T12:04:01.889156","indexId":"70259605","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T07:01:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1803,"text":"Geophysical Journal International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of a claimed ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) earthquake precursor","docAbstract":"<p class=\"chapter-para\">The rate of occurrence of anomalous ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) pulses has been claimed to have increased days to weeks prior to the M5.4 2007 and M4.0 2010 Alum Rock earthquakes. We re-examine the previously reported ultra-low frequency (ULF: 0.01–10&nbsp;Hz) magnetic data recorded at a QuakeFinder site located 9&nbsp;km from the earthquake hypocentre, and compare to data from a nearby Stanford-USGS site located 42&nbsp;km from the hypocentre, to analyse the characteristics of the pulses and assess their origin. Using pulse definitions and pulse-counting algorithms analogous to those previously reported, we corroborate the increase in pulse counts before the 2007 Alum Rock earthquake at the QuakeFinder station, but we note that the number of pulses depends on chosen temporal and amplitude detection thresholds. These thresholds are arbitrary because we lack a clear physical model or basis for their selection. We do not see the same increase in pulse counts before the 2010 Alum Rock earthquake at the QuakeFinder or Stanford-USGS stations. In addition, the majority of pulses in the QuakeFinder data and Stanford-USGS data do not match temporally, indicating the pulses lack a common origin and are not from lightning or solar-driven ionospheric/magnetospheric disturbances. Our assessment of the temporal distribution of pulse counts shows pulse counts increase during peak human activity hours, suggesting these pulses result from local cultural noise and are not tectonic in origin. The many unknowns about the character and even existence of precursory earthquake pulses means that standard numerical and statistical tests cannot easily be applied. Yet here we show that exhaustive investigation of many different aspects of ULFEM signals can be used to properly characterize their origin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggab530","usgsCitation":"Wang, C., Christman, L., Klemperer, S., Glen, J.M., McPhee, D., and Bin, C., 2021, Assessment of a claimed ultra-low frequency electromagnetic (ULFEM) earthquake precursor: Geophysical Journal International, v. 229, no. 3, p. 2081-2095, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab530.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2081","endPage":"2095","ipdsId":"IP-136197","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467252,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab530","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462937,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.74855580223482,\n              37.923464830974424\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.74855580223482,\n              37.22689363596939\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73781361473472,\n              37.22689363596939\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.73781361473472,\n              37.923464830974424\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.74855580223482,\n              37.923464830974424\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"229","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Can","contributorId":345181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Can","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82515,"text":"Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, P.R. China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christman, Lilianna","contributorId":345182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christman","given":"Lilianna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":915920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon","contributorId":345183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":915923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bin, Chen","contributorId":345184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bin","given":"Chen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82515,"text":"Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100081, P.R. China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":915924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70220205,"text":"70220205 - 2021 - Measuring and interpreting multilayer aquifer-system compactions for a sustainable groundwater-system development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-27T11:44:36.379671","indexId":"70220205","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-23T06:40:56","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Measuring and interpreting multilayer aquifer-system compactions for a sustainable groundwater-system development","docAbstract":"<p><span>Ever decreasing water resources and climate change have driven the increasing use of groundwater causing land subsidence in many countries. Geodetic sensors such as InSAR, GPS and leveling can detect surface deformation but cannot measure subsurface deformation. A single‐well, single‐depth extensometer can be used to measure subsurface deformation, but it cannot delineate the depths of major compaction and provide insight about the deformation mechanism throughout a complex aquifer system, unless man extensometers at different depths are used. We present a multilayer compaction well (MLCW), installed in a borehole, that uses magnetic rings to detect stratum compaction at 25 depths as deep as 300&nbsp;m below land surface. Our laboratory and field assessments indicate 1&nbsp;mm precision and accuracy for one single‐depth magnetic reading. We tested the performance of MLCW by measuring aquifer‐system compaction over the proximal, middle, and distal fans of the Choushui River Alluvial Fan (CRAF) that has long experienced severe land subsidence. The MLCW measurements were used to create time‐depth diagrams of compaction, showing different compaction rates at different layers of aquifers and aquitards to identify the depths of major compactions. The elastic (reversible) and inelastic (irreversible) compactions from MLCW were used in stress‐strain analyses to estimate skeletal specific storages and the safe groundwater levels, below which groundwater extractions have caused irreversible compactions. The hydrogeological parameters derived from MLCW measurements can help governmental agencies to determine effective land‐use and water‐use policies, and ascertain the best strategy for utilizing artificial recharge to prevent land subsidence and achieve sustainable groundwater management.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020WR028194","usgsCitation":"Hung, W., Hwang, C., Sneed, M., Chen, Y., Chu, C., and Lin, S., 2021, Measuring and interpreting multilayer aquifer-system compactions for a sustainable groundwater-system development: Water Resources Research, v. 57, no. 4, e2020WR028194, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028194.","productDescription":"e2020WR028194, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120150","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2020wr028194","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hung, Wei-Chia","contributorId":172937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hung","given":"Wei-Chia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27123,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Hsinchu, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hwang, Cheinway 0000-0002-3322-353X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-353X","contributorId":172932,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hwang","given":"Cheinway","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27120,"text":"Department of Civil Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Yi-An","contributorId":257631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Yi-An","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52072,"text":"Department of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chu, Chi-Hua","contributorId":257632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chu","given":"Chi-Hua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52074,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lin, Shao-Hung","contributorId":257633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Shao-Hung","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52074,"text":"Green Environmental Engineering Consultant Co. LTD, Taiwan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70219055,"text":"fs20213018 - 2021 - Earth Resources Observation and Science Center hosting services","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T12:09:25.892839","indexId":"fs20213018","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T15:33:57","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-3018","displayTitle":"Earth Resources Observation and Science Center Hosting Services","title":"Earth Resources Observation and Science Center hosting services","docAbstract":"<p>The Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center has a long history of leveraging technology in support of Earth science and business applications including data management, processing, and virtualization and complex solutions to visualize and distribute data. It is the aim of EROS to offer operational excellence and service as a key component to the Federal Cloud-Smart directives and Department of the Interior data center consolidation goals. The EROS Center offers space, network, security, and environmental controls and information technology service management. Included with leveraging technology, the EROS Center has industry-leading staff to assist with supporting Earth science and business applications.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20213018","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 2021, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center hosting services: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2021–3018, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20213018.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-124389","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3018/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":384546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2021/3018/fs20213018.pdf","text":"Report","size":"737 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2021–3018"}],"contact":"<p>Director, <a data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros\" href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros\">Earth Resources Observation and Science Center</a> <br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>47914 252nd Street <br>Sioux Falls, SD 57198</p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2021-03-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":147999,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey","id":812613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70219057,"text":"tm6H1 - 2021 - The basin characterization model—A regional water balance software package","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T18:39:35.720713","indexId":"tm6H1","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T12:41:35","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-H1","displayTitle":"The Basin Characterization Model—A Regional Water Balance Software Package","title":"The basin characterization model—A regional water balance software package","docAbstract":"<p>This report documents the computer software package, Basin Characterization Model, version 8 (BCMv8)—a monthly, gridded, regional water-balance model—and provides detailed operational instructions and example applications. After several years of many applications and uses of a previous version, CA-BCM, published in 2014, the BCMv8 was refined to improve the accuracy of the water-balance components, particularly the recharge estimate, which is the most difficult to accurately assess. The improvement of the various water-balance components targeted the actual evapotranspiration component, which, in turn, reduced the uncertainty of the recharge estimate. The improvement of this component was enabled by the availability of a national, gridded actual-evapotranspiration product from the U.S. Geological Survey that was unique in its scope to combine remotely sensed spatial variability and ground-based long-term water-balance constraints. This dataset provided the ability to assess monthly actual evapotranspiration for 62 vegetation types and to perform regional calibration in watersheds throughout California with the objective of closing the water balance using improved estimates for each component. The refinements, including vegetation-specific evapotranspiration, enabled the development of applications that could explore various aspects of landscape disturbance, such as wildfire, forest management, or urbanization. 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 \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_ca@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://ca.water.usgs.gov\">California Water Science Center</a><br><a data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\" href=\"https://usgs.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>6000 J Street, Placer Hall<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Preface</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Computer Software Basin Characterization Model</li><li>Developing a BCMv8 Water Balance for a Basin</li><li>Developing a New BCMv8</li><li>Model Uncertainties and Limitations</li><li>Example Applications</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2021-03-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, Michelle A. 0000-0003-3030-7065 mstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-7065","contributorId":4244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Michelle","email":"mstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70219056,"text":"ofr20211017 - 2021 - Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered antioch dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T21:27:20.542124","indexId":"ofr20211017","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T12:28:10","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1017","displayTitle":"Distribution, Abundance, and Genomic Diversity of the Endangered Antioch Dunes Evening Primrose (<i>Oenothera deltoides</i> subsp. <i>howellii</i>) Surveyed in 2019","title":"Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered antioch dunes evening primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019","docAbstract":"<p>Sand dune ecosystems are highly dynamic landforms found along coastlines and riverine deltas where a supply of sand-sized material is available to be delivered by aquatic and wind environments. These unique ecosystems provide habitat for a variety of endemic and rare plant and animal species. Sand dunes have been affected by human development, sand mining, and shoreline stabilization from invasive weeds. This report provides a summary of a comprehensive literature review, field survey, and genomic analysis for the Antioch Dunes evening primrose (<i>Oenothera deltoides</i> subsp. <i>howellii</i>, hereafter <i>howellii</i>), an endemic species to the San Francisco Bay-Delta, California, which was listed as a federally endangered subspecies in 1978. <i>Howellii</i> is found on a historic dune sheet (the Antioch sand sheet) near the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The Antioch sand sheet has been greatly altered by sand mining and land conversion into agriculture and urban development. In chapter A, we describe results of the literature review and field survey. We found <i>howellii</i> at eight locations with over 90 percent of the adult population and nearly 99 percent of juveniles observed on the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. We measured a negative relationship between <i>howellii</i> numbers and invasive weed cover, illustrating the importance of mobilized open sand for this species. In chapter B, we describe the genomic study results. We surveyed genomic diversity by using double-digest restriction-site associated sequencing to estimate population genetic structure and levels of diversity across all surveyed occurrences. The genomic analyses included outgroup samples of the closely related <i>Oenothera deltoides</i> subsp. <i>cognata</i> and three occurrences of an unknown taxon with intermediate morphology to <i>cognata</i> and <i>howellii</i>, which also occurs on the Antioch sand sheet, east of the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge. These three morphologically distinctive groups formed genetically distinctive clusters and well-supported monophyletic clades in clustering and phylogenetic analyses, respectively. There was no indication of recent hybridization among any of the groups. Among <i>howellii</i> occurrences, the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge contained the greatest genetic diversity. Our approach, which combined field surveys, habitat assessments, and genetic analyses, can provide useful information for the conservation and management of rare and at-risk plant species and highlights the uniqueness of the Antioch sand sheet floral diversity through the discovery of a putative new taxon within the bird-cage evening primrose species complex.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Friends of San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., and Vandergast, A.G., 2021, Distribution, abundance, and genomic diversity of the endangered Antioch Dunes evening-primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) surveyed in 2019: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1017, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211017.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124754","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436447,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93VYTF5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Oenothera deltoides Genotype Data from Contra Costa County, California in 2019"},{"id":384604,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017_chB_app2.csv","text":"Chapter B Appendix 2","size":"4 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":384550,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017.xml"},{"id":384549,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/images"},{"id":384548,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/ofr20211017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384547,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1017/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.89605712890624,\n              37.97018468810549\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              37.97018468810549\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6241455078125,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89605712890624,\n              38.11727165830543\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.89605712890624,\n              37.97018468810549\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director,<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/%20centers/%20werc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/ centers/ werc\">Western Ecological Research Center</a><br><a href=\"https://usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://usgs.gov\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>3020 State University Drive East<br>Sacramento, California 95819</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Chapter A. Distribution and Abundance of the Endangered Antioch Dunes Evening-Primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii)</li><ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul><li>Chapter B. Population Genomic Structure of the Endangered Antioch Dunes Evening-Primrose (Oenothera deltoides subsp. howellii) and Detection of a Potentially New Oenothera deltoides Taxon in Contra Costa County, California</li><ul><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>Executive Summary</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Results</li><li>Discussion</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"publishedDate":"2021-03-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812617,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571 avandergast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":3963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"avandergast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812618,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70229067,"text":"70229067 - 2021 - Ashmole's hypothesis and the latitudinal gradient in clutch size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-28T15:57:25.094828","indexId":"70229067","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T09:53:56","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1023,"text":"Biological Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ashmole's hypothesis and the latitudinal gradient in clutch size","docAbstract":"<p><span>One enduring priority for ecologists has been to understand the cause(s) of variation in reproductive effort among species and localities. Avian clutch size generally increases with increasing latitude, both within and across species, but the mechanism(s) driving that pattern continue to generate hypotheses and debate. In 1961, a Ph.D. student at Oxford University, N. Philip Ashmole, proposed the influential hypothesis that clutch size varies in direct proportion to the seasonality of resources available to a population. Ashmole's hypothesis has been widely cited and discussed in the ecological literature. However, misinterpretation and confusion has been common regarding the mechanism that underlies Ashmole's hypothesis and the testable predictions it generates. We review the development of well-known hypotheses to explain clutch size variation with an emphasis on Ashmole's hypothesis. We then discuss and clarify sources of confusion about Ashmole's hypothesis in the literature, summarise existing evidence in support and refutation of the hypothesis, and suggest some under-utilised and novel approaches to test Ashmole's hypothesis and gain an improved understanding of the mechanisms responsible for variation in avian clutch size and fecundity, and life-history evolution in general.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/brv.12705","usgsCitation":"Lundblad, C., and Conway, C.J., 2021, Ashmole's hypothesis and the latitudinal gradient in clutch size: Biological Reviews, v. 96, no. 4, p. 1349-1366, https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12705.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1349","endPage":"1366","ipdsId":"IP-121474","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundblad, Carl G.","contributorId":265812,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundblad","given":"Carl G.","affiliations":[{"id":27205,"text":"U. Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conway, Courtney J. 0000-0003-0492-2953 cconway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2953","contributorId":2951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Courtney","email":"cconway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70219064,"text":"70219064 - 2021 - Assessing gas leakage potential into coal mines from shale gas well failures: Inference from field determination of strata permeability responses to longwall-induced deformations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T16:53:43.663021","indexId":"70219064","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T09:32:11","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing gas leakage potential into coal mines from shale gas well failures: Inference from field determination of strata permeability responses to longwall-induced deformations","docAbstract":"<p><span>This paper summarizes the changes in permeability at three boreholes located above an abutment pillar at a longwall coal mine in southwestern Pennsylvania. The motivation of this study was to better characterize the potential interaction between shale gas wells and the mine environment, through measurement of permeability changes in the coal mine overburden caused by mining-induced deformations. Measuring permeability changes around boreholes affected by longwall mining is an effective method to indicate changes in the fracture network above longwall abutment pillars and estimate the capacity for gas flow from shale gas wells to the mine environment. This study measured permeability through falling-head slug tests at different longwall face positions during the mining of two longwall panels on either side of the test abutment pillar where the test boreholes were located. Three test boreholes were drilled to different depths above the active mining level, and they had screened intervals to evaluate the response of different stratigraphic zones to mining-induced stresses. The results showed that the permeability around the slotted intervals of each borehole increased pre-mining to post-mining, and the permeability increased from mining of the first longwall panel to mining of the second one, adjacent to the pillar.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-021-09859-9","usgsCitation":"Watkins, E., Karacan, C.O., Gangrade, V., and Schatzel, S., 2021, Assessing gas leakage potential into coal mines from shale gas well failures: Inference from field determination of strata permeability responses to longwall-induced deformations: Natural Resources Research, v. 30, p. 2347-2360, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-021-09859-9.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2347","endPage":"2360","ipdsId":"IP-112610","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384582,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watkins, Eric","contributorId":255587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Watkins","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karacan, C. Ozgen 0000-0002-0947-8241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-8241","contributorId":201991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karacan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ozgen","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gangrade, Vasu","contributorId":255588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gangrade","given":"Vasu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schatzel, Steven","contributorId":255589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schatzel","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":812635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70219088,"text":"70219088 - 2021 - Mapping climate change vulnerability of aquatic-riparian ecosystems using decision-relevant indicators","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T13:13:09.442898","indexId":"70219088","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T08:10:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping climate change vulnerability of aquatic-riparian ecosystems using decision-relevant indicators","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab010\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"as010\"><p id=\"sp0010\">Climate change has and is projected to continue to alter historical regimes of temperature, precipitation, and hydrology. To assess the vulnerability of climate change from a land management perspective and spatially identify where the most extreme changes are anticipated to occur, we worked in collaboration with land managers to develop a climate change vulnerability map for the midwestern United States with a focus on riparian systems.&nbsp;<span>The map is intended for use by regional administrators to help them work across various program areas (e.g. fisheries, endangered species) to prioritize locations needing support for adaptation planning. The tool can also be utilized locally by managers to better understand the effects that projected climate scenarios have on the hydrology of management units as they develop adaptation strategies. The vulnerability map is watershed-based (360 watershed units within the region) and combines 15 climate change indicators that were selected by&nbsp;U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service&nbsp;natural resource managers based upon known and anticipated effects to species and habitats. The projected change in each of these indicators from the historical period (1986–2005) to the future period (2040–2059) was aggregated into a composite score for each watershed. Landscape-scale metrics reflective of a watershed’s adaptive capacity were combined with the climate change indicators to produce a vulnerability score. We found sub-regional variation in vulnerability to climate change with the greatest vulnerability in Iowa, central Illinois, and northwest Ohio. Greater vulnerability was seen in the higher greenhouse gas concentration scenario, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 compared to the lower greenhouse gas concentration scenario RCP 4.5, when looking at the mean of the five downscaled climate models used in this study. By quantifying and mapping climate change vulnerability, natural resource managers can better understand the degree of vulnerability for individual watersheds and identify areas of prioritization in regional and local planning efforts.</span></p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107581","usgsCitation":"Delaney, J., Bouska, K.L., Eash, J.D., Heglund, P.J., and Allstadt, A.A., 2021, Mapping climate change vulnerability of aquatic-riparian ecosystems using decision-relevant indicators: Ecological Indicators, v. 125, 107581, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107581.","productDescription":"107581, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120781","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107581","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436448,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AL7GZM","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model Inputs: Midwest Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service"},{"id":384577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-87.800477,42.49192],[-87.812461,42.232278],[-87.511043,41.696535],[-87.187651,41.629653],[-86.616978,41.896625],[-86.321803,42.310743],[-86.208309,42.762789],[-86.540916,43.633158],[-86.25395,44.64808],[-86.066745,44.905685],[-85.780439,44.977932],[-85.540497,45.210169],[-85.641652,44.810816],[-85.520205,44.960347],[-85.477423,44.813781],[-85.355478,45.282774],[-84.91585,45.393115],[-85.110884,45.526285],[-84.94565,45.708621],[-85.011433,45.757962],[-84.204218,45.627116],[-84.095905,45.497298],[-83.488826,45.355872],[-83.291346,45.062597],[-83.435822,45.000012],[-83.277213,44.7167],[-83.335248,44.357995],[-83.890145,43.934672],[-83.909479,43.672622],[-83.618602,43.628891],[-83.227093,43.981003],[-82.833103,44.036851],[-82.643166,43.852468],[-82.423086,42.988728],[-82.509935,42.637294],[-82.648776,42.550401],[-82.630922,42.64211],[-82.780817,42.652232],[-83.431103,41.757457],[-82.481214,41.381342],[-81.69325,41.514161],[-80.533774,41.973475],[-80.518991,40.638801],[-80.667957,40.582496],[-80.619297,40.26517],[-80.88036,39.620706],[-81.656138,39.277355],[-81.874857,38.881174],[-82.068864,38.984878],[-82.318111,38.457876],[-82.569368,38.406258],[-82.923694,38.750076],[-83.301951,38.598178],[-83.512571,38.701716],[-83.762445,38.652103],[-84.212904,38.805707],[-84.445242,39.114461],[-84.744149,39.147458],[-84.888873,39.066376],[-84.816506,38.80532],[-85.448862,38.713368],[-85.415272,38.555416],[-85.816164,38.282969],[-86.042354,37.958018],[-86.33281,38.182938],[-86.634271,37.843845],[-86.810913,37.99715],[-87.065388,37.810481],[-87.402632,37.942267],[-87.666522,37.827455],[-87.921744,37.907885],[-88.158374,37.639948],[-88.063311,37.515755],[-88.450127,37.411717],[-88.490068,37.067874],[-89.058036,37.188767],[-89.171881,37.068184],[-89.202607,36.601576],[-89.343753,36.630991],[-89.429311,36.481875],[-89.55264,36.577178],[-89.527029,36.341679],[-89.703511,36.243412],[-89.615128,36.113816],[-89.733095,36.000608],[-90.368718,35.995812],[-90.075934,36.281485],[-90.157136,36.484317],[-94.617919,36.499414],[-94.605734,39.122204],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.876344,39.806894],[-95.382957,40.027112],[-95.870481,40.71248],[-95.929889,41.415155],[-96.096186,41.547192],[-96.077543,41.777824],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.448134,43.104452],[-96.598396,43.495074],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.452948,45.268925],[-96.835451,45.586129],[-96.587093,45.816445],[-96.559271,46.058272],[-96.789572,46.639079],[-96.851293,47.589264],[-97.139497,48.153108],[-97.108655,48.691484],[-97.238387,48.982631],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153314,49.384358],[-94.974286,49.367738],[-94.555835,48.716207],[-93.741843,48.517347],[-92.984963,48.623731],[-92.634931,48.542873],[-92.698824,48.494892],[-92.341207,48.23248],[-92.066269,48.359602],[-91.542512,48.053268],[-90.88548,48.245784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.489226,48.014528],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.058888,46.809938],[-91.942988,46.679939],[-90.880358,46.957661],[-90.78804,46.844886],[-90.920813,46.637432],[-90.398478,46.575832],[-88.982483,46.99883],[-88.400224,47.379551],[-87.816958,47.471998],[-87.730804,47.449112],[-88.349952,47.076377],[-88.462349,46.786711],[-88.167373,46.9588],[-87.915943,46.909508],[-87.619747,46.79821],[-87.366767,46.507303],[-86.850111,46.434114],[-86.188024,46.654008],[-84.964652,46.772845],[-84.969464,46.47629],[-84.177428,46.52692],[-84.097766,46.256512],[-84.247687,46.17989],[-83.931175,46.017871],[-83.63498,46.103953],[-83.49484,45.999541],[-84.345451,45.946569],[-84.656567,46.052654],[-84.820557,45.868293],[-85.047028,46.020603],[-85.528403,46.087121],[-85.663966,45.967013],[-86.278007,45.942057],[-86.687208,45.634253],[-86.532989,45.882665],[-86.92106,45.697868],[-87.018902,45.838886],[-88.027103,44.578992],[-87.943801,44.529693],[-87.428144,44.890738],[-87.021088,45.296541],[-87.73063,43.893862],[-87.910172,43.236634],[-87.800477,42.49192]]],[[[-88.684434,48.115785],[-88.447236,48.182916],[-89.022736,47.858532],[-89.255202,47.876102],[-88.684434,48.115785]]],[[[-86.880572,45.331467],[-86.956192,45.351179],[-86.82177,45.427602],[-86.880572,45.331467]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Iowa\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"125","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delaney, John 0000-0003-1038-0265","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1038-0265","contributorId":255630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delaney","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bouska, Kristen L. 0000-0002-4115-2313 kbouska@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4115-2313","contributorId":178005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouska","given":"Kristen","email":"kbouska@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eash, Josh D.","contributorId":193103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eash","given":"Josh","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":812690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heglund, Patricia J.","contributorId":149499,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heglund","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17755,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allstadt, Andrew A","contributorId":255631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allstadt","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":812692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70218937,"text":"ofr20211124 - 2021 - Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2016–2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T11:48:12.574972","indexId":"ofr20211124","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T07:56:43","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1124","displayTitle":"Groundwater, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona—2016–2018","title":"Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2016–2018","docAbstract":"<p>The Navajo (N) aquifer is the primary source of groundwater in the 5,400-square-mile Black Mesa area in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in the Black Mesa area because of continued water requirements for industrial and municipal use by a growing population and because of its arid climate. Precipitation in the area typically ranges from less than 6 to more than 16 inches per year depending on location.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey water-monitoring program in the Black Mesa area began in 1971 and provides information about the long-term effects of groundwater withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. This report presents results of data collected as part of the monitoring program in the Black Mesa area from November 2016 to December 2018. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) groundwater withdrawals (pumping), (2) groundwater levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) groundwater and surface-water chemistry.</p><p>In calendar year 2017, total groundwater withdrawals were 3,710 acre-feet (acre-ft), industrial withdrawals were 1,110 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 2,600 acre-ft. In calendar year 2018, total groundwater withdrawals were 3,670 acre-ft, industrial withdrawals were 1,170 acre-ft, and municipal withdrawals were 2,500 acre-ft. Total withdrawals during 2017 and 2018 were about 49 percent less than total withdrawals in 2005 because of Peabody Western Coal Company’s discontinued use of water to transport coal in a coal slurry pipeline.</p><p>From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2018, measured water levels available for comparison in wells completed in the unconfined areas of the N aquifer within the Black Mesa area declined in 8 of 14 wells, the changes ranged from +12.1 feet to −39.4 feet, and the median change was -0.6 feet. Water levels also declined in 15 of 18 wells measured in the confined area of the aquifer. The median change for the confined area of the aquifer was −40.2 feet (ft), with changes ranging from +14.2 ft to −189.0 ft. From the prestress period to 2018, the median water-level change for all 32 wells in both the confined and unconfined areas was −9.4 ft.</p><p>Spring flow was measured at four springs in 2017 and 2018. Flow fluctuated during the period of record for Burro Spring and Pasture Canyon Spring, but a decreasing trend was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) at Moenkopi School Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso. Discharge at Burro Spring has remained relatively constant since it was first measured in the 1980s and discharge at Pasture Canyon Spring has fluctuated for the period of record.</p><p>Continuous records of surface-water discharge in the Black Mesa area were collected from streamflow-gaging stations at the following sites: Moenkopi Wash at Moenkopi 09401260 (1976 to 2018), Dinnebito Wash near Sand Springs 09401110 (1993 to 2018), Polacca Wash near Second Mesa 09400568 (1994 to 2018), and Pasture Canyon Springs 09401265 (2004 to 2018). Median winter flows (November through February) of each water year were used as an index of the amount of groundwater discharge at the above-named sites. For the period of record, the median winter flows have generally remained constant at Dinnebito Wash and Polacca Wash, whereas a decreasing trend was indicated at Moenkopi Wash and Pasture Canyon Springs.</p><p>In 2017 and 2018, water samples collected from two wells, four springs, and three streams in the Black Mesa area were analyzed for selected chemical constituents. The results from wells and springs were compared with previous analyses from the same wells and springs. At the Peabody 2 well, a significant (p&lt;0.05) decreasing trend in dissolved solids over time was found, while concentrations of dissolved solids have not varied significantly (p&gt;0.05) at the Kykotsmovi PM2 well. Dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate concentrations increased at Moenkopi School Spring during the more than 30 years of record at that site. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Pasture Canyon Spring have not varied significantly (p&gt;0.05) since the early 1980s, and there is no increasing or decreasing trend in those data. Concentrations of dissolved solids, chloride, and sulfate at Burro Spring and Unnamed Spring near Dennehotso have varied for the period of record, but there is no statistical trend in the data. Baseflow water chemistry samples were collected from Moenkopi, Dinnebito, and Polacca washes in 2017. Samples from all three washes had total-dissolved solids concentrations higher than is typically found in the N aquifer water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Navajo Nation and Peabody Western Coal Company","usgsCitation":"Mason, J.P., 2021, Groundwater, surface-water, and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona—2016–2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1124, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211124.","productDescription":"vii, 50 p.","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-110021","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384543,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181193","text":"Open-File Report 2018-1193","linkHelpText":"- Groundwater, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona—2015–2016"},{"id":384455,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1124/ofr20211124.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":384454,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1124/covrthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Black Mesa area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              35.32633026307483\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.171142578125,\n              35.32633026307483\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.171142578125,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              36.99377838872517\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.76391601562499,\n              35.32633026307483\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_az@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_az@usgs.gov\">Director</a>,<br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/az-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/az-water\">Arizona Water Science Center</a><br><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\">U.S. Geological Survey</a><br>520 N. Park Avenue<br>Tucson, AZ 85719</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Description of Study Area</li><li>Hydrologic Data</li><li>Summary</li><li>References Cited</li></ul>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2021-03-22","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mason, Jon P. 0000-0003-0576-5494","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-5494","contributorId":215822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Jon P.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":812418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70219094,"text":"70219094 - 2021 - Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-23T12:51:43.221725","indexId":"70219094","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-22T07:39:25","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change","docAbstract":"<p id=\"d1e612\">Volcanic plumes are common and far-reaching manifestations of volcanic activity during and between eruptions. Observations of the rate of emission and composition of volcanic plumes are essential to recognize and, in some cases, predict the state of volcanic activity. Measurements of the size and location of the plumes are important to assess the impact of the emission from sporadic or localized events to persistent or widespread processes of climatic and environmental importance. These observations provide information on volatile budgets on Earth, chemical evolution of magmas, and atmospheric circulation and dynamics. Space-based observations during the last decades have given us a global view of Earth's volcanic emission, particularly of sulfur dioxide (<span class=\"inline-formula\">SO<sub>2</sub></span>). Although none of the satellite missions were intended to be used for measurement of volcanic gas emission, specially adapted algorithms have produced time-averaged global emission budgets. These have confirmed that tropospheric plumes, produced from persistent degassing of weak sources, dominate the total emission of volcanic<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\">SO<sub>2</sub></span>. Although space-based observations have provided this global insight into some aspects of Earth's volcanism, it still has important limitations. The magnitude and short-term variability of lower-atmosphere emissions, historically less accessible from space, remain largely uncertain. Operational monitoring of volcanic plumes, at scales relevant for adequate surveillance, has been facilitated through the use of ground-based scanning differential optical absorption spectrometer (ScanDOAS) instruments since the beginning of this century, largely due to the coordinated effort of the Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC). In this study, we present a compilation of results of homogenized post-analysis of measurements of<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"inline-formula\">SO<sub>2</sub></span><span>&nbsp;</span>flux and plume parameters obtained during the period March&nbsp;2005 to January&nbsp;2017 of 32 volcanoes in NOVAC. This inventory opens a window into the short-term emission patterns of a diverse set of volcanoes in terms of magma composition, geographical location, magnitude of emission, and style of eruptive activity. We find that passive volcanic degassing is by no means a stationary process in time and that large sub-daily variability is observed in the flux of volcanic gases, which has implications for emission budgets produced using short-term, sporadic observations. The use of a standard evaluation method allows for intercomparison between different volcanoes and between ground- and space-based measurements of the same volcanoes. The emission of several weakly degassing volcanoes, undetected by satellites, is presented for the first time. We also compare our results with those reported in the literature, providing ranges of variability in emission not accessible in the past. The open-access data repository introduced in this article will enable further exploitation of this unique dataset, with a focus on volcanological research, risk assessment, satellite-sensor validation, and improved quantification of the prevalent tropospheric component of global volcanic emission.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus","doi":"10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021","usgsCitation":"Arellano, S., Galle, B., Apaza, F., Avard, G., Barrington, C., Bobrowski, N., Bucarey, C., Burbano, V., Burton, M., Chacon, Z., Chigna, G., Clarito, C.J., Conde, V., Costa, F., de Moor, M., Delgado-Granados, H., Di Muro, A., Fernandez, D., Garzon, G., Gunawan, H., Haerani, N., Hansteen, T., Hidalgo, S., Inguaggiato, S., Johansson, M., Kern, C., Kihlman, M., Kowalski, P., Masias, P., Montalvo, F., Moller, J., Platt, U., Rivera, C., Saballos, A., Salerno, G., Taisne, B., Vasconez, F., Velazquez, G., Vita, F., and Yalire, M.M., 2021, Synoptic analysis of a decade of daily measurements of SO2 emission in the troposphere from volcanoes of the global ground-based Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change: Earth System Science Data, v. 13, p. 1167-1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1167","endPage":"1188","ipdsId":"IP-114711","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452986,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1167-2021","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384573,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arellano, Santiago","contributorId":205719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arellano","given":"Santiago","affiliations":[{"id":37153,"text":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences – 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We performed survey-grade elevation and vegetation surveys of the Global Change Research Wetland, a brackish microtidal wetland in the Chesapeake Bay estuary, Maryland (USA), to both intercompare unbiased digital elevation model (DEM) creation techniques and to describe niche partitioning of several common tidal wetland plant species. We identified a tradeoff between scalability and performance in creating unbiased DEMs, with more data-intensive methods such as kriging performing better than 3 more scalable methods involving post-processing of light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-based DEMs. The LiDAR Elevation Correction with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (LEAN) method provided a compromise between scalability and performance, although it underpredicted variability in elevation. In areas where native plants dominated, the sedge<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Schoenoplectus americanus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>occupied more frequently flooded areas (median: 0.22, 95% range: 0.09 to 0.31 m relative to North America Vertical Datum of 1988 [NAVD88]) and the grass<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Spartina patens</i>, less frequently flooded (0.27, 0.1 to 0.35 m NAVD88). Non-native<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>dominated at lower elevations more than the native graminoids, but had a wide flooding tolerance, encompassing both their ranges (0.19, -0.05 to 0.36 m NAVD88). The native shrub<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Iva frutescens</i><span>&nbsp;</span>also dominated at lower elevations (0.20, 0.04 to 0.30 m NAVD88), despite being previously described as a high marsh species. These analyses not only provide valuable context for the temporally rich but spatially restricted data collected at a single well-studied site, but also provide broad insight into mapping techniques and species zonation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps13683","usgsCitation":"Holmquist, J., Schile-Beers, L., Buffington, K., Lu, M., Mozdzer, T.J., Riera, J., Weller, D.E., Williams, M., and Megonigal, J., 2021, Scalability and performance tradeoffs in quantifying relationships between elevation and tidal wetland plant communities: Marine Progress Series, v. 666, p. 57-72, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13683.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"72","ipdsId":"IP-127317","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452993,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13683","text":"Publisher 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,{"id":70219519,"text":"70219519 - 2021 - A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-30T18:00:05.022669","indexId":"70219519","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-21T08:48:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems","docAbstract":"<ol class=\"\"><li>Accurately quantifying rates and patterns of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in terrestrial ecosystems is essential to characterize ecological and biogeochemical interactions, identify mechanistic controls, improve BNF representation in conceptual and numerical modelling, and forecast nitrogen limitation constraints on future carbon (C) cycling.</li><li>While many resources address the technical advantages and limitations of different methods for measuring BNF, less systematic consideration has been given to the broader decisions involved in planning studies, interpreting data, and extrapolating results. Here, we present a conceptual and practical road map to study design, study execution, data analysis and scaling, outlining key considerations at each step.</li><li>We address issues including defining N‐fixing niches of interest, identifying important sources of temporal and spatial heterogeneity, designing a sampling scheme (including method selection, measurement conditions, replication, and consideration of hotspots and hot moments), and approaches to analysing, scaling and reporting BNF. We also review the comparability of estimates derived using different approaches in the literature, and provide sample R code for simulating symbiotic BNF data frames and upscaling.</li><li>Improving and standardizing study design at each of these stages will improve the accuracy and interpretability of data, define limits of extrapolation, and facilitate broader use of BNF data for downstream applications. We highlight aspects—such as quantifying scales of heterogeneity, statistical approaches for dealing with non‐normality, and consideration of rates versus ecological significance—that are ripe for further development.</li></ol>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/2041-210X.13586","usgsCitation":"Soper, F.M., Taylor, B., Winbourne, J., Wong, M., Dynarski, K.A., Reis, C., Peoples, M., Cleveland, C., Reed, S., Menge, D., and Perakis, S.S., 2021, A roadmap for sampling and scaling biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial ecosystems: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 12, no. 6, p. 1122-1137, https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13586.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1122","endPage":"1137","ipdsId":"IP-123011","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13586","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385009,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soper, Fiona M.","contributorId":207085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soper","given":"Fiona","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36523,"text":"University of Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Benton 0000-0002-9834-9192","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-9192","contributorId":245071,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Benton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49081,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winbourne, Joy","contributorId":257256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Winbourne","given":"Joy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51994,"text":"Boston U","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wong, Michelle","contributorId":257257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wong","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":51995,"text":"Cary Inst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dynarski, Katherine A 0000-0001-5101-9666","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-9666","contributorId":225403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dynarski","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reis, Carla R. G.","contributorId":240660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reis","given":"Carla R. G.","affiliations":[{"id":48124,"text":"Center for Earth System Science, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas 1758, São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12227-010, Brazil","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Peoples, Mark","contributorId":257258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peoples","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36909,"text":"CSIRO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cleveland, Cory","contributorId":257259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","affiliations":[{"id":48908,"text":"U Montana","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Menge, Duncan 0000-0003-4736-9844","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4736-9844","contributorId":241126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Menge","given":"Duncan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7171,"text":"Columbia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. 0000-0003-0703-9314 sperakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0703-9314","contributorId":145528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70219520,"text":"70219520 - 2021 - Fire frequency impacts soil properties and processes in sagebrush steppe ecosystems of the Columbia Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-12T13:47:40.249648","indexId":"70219520","displayToPublicDate":"2021-03-21T08:42:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":846,"text":"Applied Soil Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire frequency impacts soil properties and processes in sagebrush steppe ecosystems of the Columbia Basin","docAbstract":"<p><span>Increased fire frequency in semi-arid ecosystems can alter biochemical soil properties and soil processes that underpin ecosystem structure and functioning, thus threatening native plant communities and the species that rely on them. However, there is much uncertainty about the magnitude of change as soils are exposed to more fires, because soil recovery and changes in&nbsp;fire severity&nbsp;following a first fire mediate the impact of successive fires on soil properties. With this study we aim to evaluate how increased fire frequency affects soil biochemical properties (i.e.&nbsp;soil pH,&nbsp;soil organic matter&nbsp;(SOM), soil&nbsp;organic carbon&nbsp;(SOC), soil structure and mineral N) and processes (i.e. microbial and enzymatic activity) in a sagebrush-steppe ecosystem located in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion, Washington, USA. During 2016, we collected soils from once (2012), twice (2003 and 2012), and thrice (2003, 2007, and 2012) burned areas, enabling us to test the hypothesis that increasing fire frequency will exacerbate the impact of fire on soil properties and processes. Our study yielded three main results: (1) fire reduced the total soil C concentration and soil C in aggregates relative to unburned soil, but only when soil was exposed to fire once (i.e. the most recent fire), (2) compared to the unburned soils, SOM contents,&nbsp;enzyme activity&nbsp;and microbial CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;respiration were suppressed in the once and thrice burned soils, but not in the twice burned soils, and (3) fire increased NO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup><span>-N contents across the once and twice burned sites, and reduced enzyme activity associated with N cycling in the thrice burned sites. Taken together, our findings suggest that a one-time fire in this shrub dominated semi-arid ecosystem significantly changes soil biochemical attributes and microbially driven processes. With sufficient time between fires, these structural and functional properties can partially recover, and this may persist even after a second fire, but recovery is limited when a third fire creates an additional disturbance at a shorter time interval. Furthermore, while soil C pools and microbial decomposition processes were able to recover with sufficient time, greater soil resource availability prevailed in soil across all fire frequencies, indicating that fire is likely to promote invasion and reduce ecosystem stability, even when other soil properties recover.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.103967","usgsCitation":"Nichols, L., Shinneman, D.J., McIlroy, S., and de Graaff, M., 2021, Fire frequency impacts soil properties and processes in sagebrush steppe ecosystems of the Columbia Basin: Applied Soil Ecology, v. 165, 103967, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2021.103967.","productDescription":"103967, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122506","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Lincoln County","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau Ecoregion","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-118.9787,47.9408],[-118.9673,47.9407],[-118.9625,47.9411],[-118.9375,47.9427],[-118.9301,47.9426],[-118.9152,47.9447],[-118.9064,47.946],[-118.8956,47.9473],[-118.8868,47.949],[-118.882,47.9527],[-118.8779,47.9554],[-118.8664,47.9562],[-118.8529,47.9569],[-118.8468,47.9564],[-118.8428,47.9559],[-118.8322,47.9475],[-118.8323,47.9419],[-118.8292,47.9322],[-118.8232,47.9271],[-118.8093,47.9195],[-118.781,47.9178],[-118.765,47.9121],[-118.7437,47.9026],[-118.737,47.9007],[-118.7282,47.8987],[-118.7174,47.9018],[-118.7126,47.905],[-118.709,47.9114],[-118.7102,47.9183],[-118.712,47.9257],[-118.7085,47.9316],[-118.6975,47.938],[-118.6839,47.9433],[-118.6712,47.9362],[-118.6598,47.9352],[-118.65,47.924],[-118.6411,47.9275],[-118.6249,47.9269],[-118.6175,47.9268],[-118.6054,47.928],[-118.5919,47.9278],[-118.5762,47.9317],[-118.5669,47.9297],[-118.5595,47.926],[-118.5462,47.9202],[-118.5328,47.9178],[-118.5297,47.9085],[-118.5389,47.8953],[-118.5433,47.8829],[-118.5395,47.8759],[-118.5261,47.8716],[-118.5161,47.8705],[-118.5012,47.8703],[-118.4938,47.8721],[-118.4856,47.8756],[-118.4618,47.8803],[-118.4554,47.872],[-118.4562,47.8678],[-118.4542,47.8646],[-118.4538,47.8577],[-118.4441,47.8446],[-118.4381,47.8427],[-118.4208,47.8369],[-118.4001,47.8297],[-118.3921,47.8282],[-118.3819,47.8303],[-118.3711,47.8297],[-118.3608,47.836],[-118.3573,47.8405],[-118.3558,47.8447],[-118.3557,47.8474],[-118.3535,47.8529],[-118.3499,47.8598],[-118.3505,47.8644],[-118.3487,47.8782],[-118.3409,47.8891],[-118.3387,47.8951],[-118.3238,47.8976],[-118.319,47.898],[-118.3169,47.9016],[-118.3113,47.9075],[-118.3071,47.9116],[-118.3009,47.9152],[-118.2927,47.9188],[-118.2845,47.9214],[-118.2749,47.9272],[-118.2679,47.9322],[-118.2604,47.9348],[-118.25,47.9443],[-118.2413,47.9428],[-118.2373,47.9404],[-118.2312,47.9408],[-118.2251,47.9416],[-118.2197,47.9429],[-118.2149,47.9447],[-118.2074,47.945],[-118.2042,47.9422],[-118.2017,47.9362],[-118.1984,47.9333],[-118.1979,47.9301],[-118.1966,47.9264],[-118.194,47.9231],[-118.1915,47.9199],[-118.1868,47.9175],[-118.183,47.9119],[-118.1831,47.9082],[-118.1792,47.9045],[-118.1746,47.9012],[-118.1654,47.895],[-118.1628,47.8931],[-118.1609,47.8894],[-118.1597,47.8857],[-118.1563,47.8838],[-118.1544,47.8829],[-118.1497,47.8823],[-118.1483,47.8814],[-118.143,47.879],[-118.1371,47.8757],[-118.1318,47.8719],[-118.126,47.8653],[-118.1228,47.8598],[-118.1231,47.8538],[-118.1226,47.8492],[-118.1234,47.8455],[-118.1229,47.839],[-118.1224,47.834],[-118.1212,47.8312],[-118.1199,47.8312],[-118.1085,47.8291],[-118.1032,47.8263],[-118.0818,47.8033],[-118.0792,47.801],[-118.0746,47.7986],[-118.072,47.7967],[-118.068,47.7953],[-118.0633,47.7956],[-118.0586,47.7951],[-118.0552,47.795],[-118.0505,47.7959],[-118.0457,47.7962],[-118.041,47.7971],[-118.0369,47.797],[-118.0322,47.7988],[-118.0281,47.8005],[-118.0253,47.8023],[-118.0226,47.8037],[-118.0198,47.8055],[-118.0163,47.8082],[-118.0143,47.809],[-118.0121,47.8118],[-118.008,47.8149],[-118.0051,47.8186],[-118.003,47.8217],[-118.0008,47.8254],[-117.9981,47.8276],[-117.9946,47.8299],[-117.9918,47.8321],[-117.9863,47.8348],[-117.9769,47.8351],[-117.9729,47.8336],[-117.9636,47.8298],[-117.959,47.8283],[-117.9349,47.8237],[-117.9247,47.8263],[-117.9177,47.8322],[-117.9102,47.8339],[-117.9,47.8364],[-117.8939,47.8382],[-117.8898,47.8404],[-117.885,47.8431],[-117.8774,47.8466],[-117.8727,47.8451],[-117.8648,47.8413],[-117.8621,47.8422],[-117.8575,47.8393],[-117.8509,47.8355],[-117.8428,47.8367],[-117.836,47.8361],[-117.8321,47.8342],[-117.8296,47.8296],[-117.8217,47.8234],[-117.8181,47.7],[-117.8217,47.6117],[-117.8216,47.435],[-117.8215,47.3881],[-117.8214,47.3596],[-117.8212,47.3471],[-117.8228,47.2598],[-117.961,47.2606],[-118.0865,47.2596],[-118.5946,47.2612],[-118.9805,47.2613],[-118.9792,47.4029],[-118.9756,47.7023],[-118.9756,47.7299],[-118.9763,47.787],[-118.9749,47.8731],[-118.9772,47.9201],[-118.9787,47.9408]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Lincoln\",\"state\":\"WA\"}}]}","volume":"165","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Leslie","contributorId":257260,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16201,"text":"Boise State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":813918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":813919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McIlroy, Susan K. 0000-0001-5088-3700 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