{"pageNumber":"516","pageRowStart":"12875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165947,"records":[{"id":70236605,"text":"70236605 - 2021 - Postcaldera intrusive magmatism at the Platoro caldera complex, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-13T12:27:49.072174","indexId":"70236605","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-02T07:25:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Postcaldera intrusive magmatism at the Platoro caldera complex, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado, USA","docAbstract":"<p>The Oligocene Platoro caldera complex of the San Juan volcanic locus in Colorado (USA) features numerous exposed plutons both within the caldera and outside its margins, enabling investigation of the timing and evolution of postcaldera magmatism. Intrusion whole-rock geochemistry and phenocryst and/or mineral trace element compositions coupled with new zircon U-Pb geo-chronology and zircon in situ Lu-Hf isotopes document distinct pulses of magma from beneath the caldera complex. Fourteen intrusions, the Chiquito Peak Tuff, and the dacite of Fisher Gulch were dated, showing intrusive magmatism began after the 28.8 Ma eruption of the Chiquito Peak Tuff and continued to 24 Ma. Additionally, magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization is associated with the intrusive magmatism within and around the margins of the Platoro caldera complex.</p><div id=\"130196055\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \"><p>After caldera collapse, three plutons were emplaced within the subsided block between ca. 28.8 and 28.6 Ma. These have broadly similar modal miner-alogy and whole-rock geochemistry. Despite close temporal relations between the tuff and the intrusions, mineral textures and compositions indicate that the larger two intracaldera intrusions are discrete later pulses of magma. Intrusions outside the caldera are younger, ca. 28–26.3 Ma, and smaller in exposed area. They contain abundant glomerocrysts and show evidence of open-system processes such as magma mixing and crystal entrainment. The protracted magmatic history at the Platoro caldera complex documents the diversity of the multiple discrete magma pulses needed to generate large composite volcanic fields.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02242.1","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, A.K., Thompson, R., Lipman, P.W., Vazquez, J.A., and Souders, A., 2021, Postcaldera intrusive magmatism at the Platoro caldera complex, Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field, Colorado, USA: Geosphere, v. 17, no. 3, p. 898-931, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02242.1.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"898","endPage":"931","ipdsId":"IP-116317","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02242.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.6884765625,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.35937499999999,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.35937499999999,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6884765625,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.6884765625,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, Amy K. 0000-0001-5038-8136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-8136","contributorId":218307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ren A. 0000-0002-3044-3043","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3043","contributorId":207982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ren A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, Peter W. 0000-0001-9175-6118","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-6118","contributorId":203612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vazquez, Jorge A. 0000-0003-2754-0456 jvazquez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-0456","contributorId":4458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vazquez","given":"Jorge","email":"jvazquez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Souders, Amanda Kate 0000-0002-1367-8924","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8924","contributorId":296423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Souders","given":"Amanda Kate","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70263866,"text":"70263866 - 2021 - Improving paleoseismic earthquake magnitude estimates with rupture length information: Application to the Puget Lowland, Washington State, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-27T14:15:14.906206","indexId":"70263866","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving paleoseismic earthquake magnitude estimates with rupture length information: Application to the Puget Lowland, Washington State, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Both earthquake displacement and rupture length correlate with magnitude, and therefore observations of each from past earthquakes can be used to estimate the magnitude of those earthquakes in the absence of instrumental records. We extend the Bayesian inversion method of Biasi and Weldon (2006), which estimates paleoearthquake magnitude from displacement observations, to incorporate both rupture length and surface displacement measurements into the magnitude inversion. We then use this method on 27 late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoearthquakes in the Puget Lowland region of Washington. Observations of (typically vertical) fault separation per event range from 0.6 to 7 m, implying net displacement per event of up to 10 ± 4 m for the largest event.  Rupture lengths are estimated to vary between the smallest contiguous mapped scarps to the full extent of the faults mapped from geology and geophysical observations. Although a few of the ruptures may be longer than 150 km, the ruptures have a median of 53 km, indicating that earthquakes in the Puget Lowland have relatively high displacement to length ratios. By considering both datasets, we find that all events were between M 6.3 and 7.5, generally consistent with the expected seismicity from the USGS National Seismic Hazard Map for the region. The simultaneous use of both length and displacement data in the magnitude inversion decreases both the estimated earthquake magnitudes and the uncertainty. The magnitude reduction in particular is due to the relatively short rupture lengths possible for Puget Lowland faults. This implies a decrease in the seismic hazard (relative to a displacement-only assessment) to a highly populated and rapidly urbanizing region.","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120200193","usgsCitation":"Styron, R., and Sherrod, B.L., 2021, Improving paleoseismic earthquake magnitude estimates with rupture length information: Application to the Puget Lowland, Washington State, U.S.A.: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 111, no. 2, p. 1139-1153, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200193.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1153","ipdsId":"IP-097868","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482513,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Lowland","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.78690580010414,\n              49.01865333869071\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78690580010414,\n              47.31494250173583\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8722817961621,\n              47.31494250173583\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8722817961621,\n              49.01865333869071\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.78690580010414,\n              49.01865333869071\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Styron, Richard","contributorId":201082,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Styron","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":928755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrod, Brian L. 0000-0002-4492-8631 bsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-8631","contributorId":2834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"Brian","email":"bsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70262243,"text":"70262243 - 2021 - Roadside rights-of-way as pollinator habitat: A literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-23T21:46:19.456754","indexId":"70262243","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T15:34:54","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":138,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"ME 21-01","title":"Roadside rights-of-way as pollinator habitat: A literature review","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"page12R_mcid1\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Pollination of crops and naturally</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">occurring flowering plants is a critical ecosystem </span><span dir=\"ltr\">service provided</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">by managed and unmanaged animal pollinators. Insects are the most studied </span><span dir=\"ltr\">pollinators, particularly managed honey bees, unmanaged wild bees, and butterflies. Bees and </span><span dir=\"ltr\">butterflies thrive in early</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">successional habitat featuring grasses, exposed soil, wildfl</span><span dir=\"ltr\">owers, and </span><span dir=\"ltr\">shrubs, which is consistently found within transportation and utility rights</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">of</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">way (ROW). </span><span dir=\"ltr\">However, intensive management of ROW can reduce the amount of high</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">quality pollinator </span><span dir=\"ltr\">habitat; such practices include frequent mowing, broadcast</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">herbicide use, and planting non</span><span dir=\"ltr\">- </span><span dir=\"ltr\">native cool season grasses. Here, we review peer</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">reviewed academic and non</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">peer reviewed gray </span><span dir=\"ltr\">literature describing ROW management practices and their effects on pollinator populations</span><span dir=\"ltr\">, </span><span dir=\"ltr\">focusing</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">on</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">applications of th</span><span dir=\"ltr\">e</span><span dir=\"ltr\">se practi</span><span dir=\"ltr\">ces in landscapes similar to t</span><span dir=\"ltr\">hose</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">found in Main</span><span dir=\"ltr\">e and the </span><span dir=\"ltr\">nor</span><span dir=\"ltr\">theast Unit</span><span dir=\"ltr\">ed</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">States</span><span dir=\"ltr\">; that is,</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">lan</span><span dir=\"ltr\">dscapes that are h</span><span dir=\"ltr\">e</span><span dir=\"ltr\">avily forested and inter</span><span dir=\"ltr\">spersed with </span><span dir=\"ltr\">agriculture, develop</span><span dir=\"ltr\">ed areas, and wetlands</span><span dir=\"ltr\">.</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">T</span><span dir=\"ltr\">he li</span><span dir=\"ltr\">terature</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">consistently</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">recommend</span><span dir=\"ltr\">s</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">these </span><span dir=\"ltr\">management practices to provide pollinator habitat in ROW and promote plant and pollinator </span><span dir=\"ltr\">diversity and abundance</span><span dir=\"ltr\">:</span></span><span id=\"page12R_mcid2\" class=\"markedContent\"><br><span dir=\"ltr\">1) Reduce mowing frequency and time mowing to pollinator activity.</span></span><span id=\"page12R_mcid3\" class=\"markedContent\"><br><span dir=\"ltr\">2) Target herbicide applications to undesirable plant sp</span><span dir=\"ltr\">ecies using backpack sprayers.</span></span><span id=\"page12R_mcid4\" class=\"markedContent\"><br><span dir=\"ltr\">3) Plant native seeds, seedlings, or shrubs, leaving some exposed soil for nesting.</span></span><span id=\"page12R_mcid5\" class=\"markedContent\"><br><span dir=\"ltr\"></span></span></p><p><span id=\"page12R_mcid5\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\">We considered threats to plants and pollinators associated with ROW, including traffic volume </span><span dir=\"ltr\">and mortality, noise, light, and air pollution,</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">and habitat fragmentation. The literature suggests </span><span dir=\"ltr\">that these threats vary widely across road sizes, types, and landscape context, and the overall </span><span dir=\"ltr\">negative impacts do not outweigh the potential benefits of promoting pollinator habitat in ROW. </span></span><span id=\"page14R_mcid0\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Landscape co</span><span dir=\"ltr\">ntext also influences the composition of ROW plant and pollinator communities. In </span><span dir=\"ltr\">Maine, agriculture and grassland in the surrounding generally reduced bumble bee and butterfly </span><span dir=\"ltr\">abundance in Priority 1 ROW sites. </span></span><span id=\"page14R_mcid1\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\">Many state Departments of Transportation ha</span><span dir=\"ltr\">ve incorporated integrative vegetation </span><span dir=\"ltr\">management (IVM)&nbsp; principles into ROW management, and we summarize a number of case </span><span dir=\"ltr\">studies here. Restoration projects in high</span><span dir=\"ltr\">-</span><span dir=\"ltr\">visibility areas are common; further, these can lead to </span><span dir=\"ltr\">public support for additional polli</span><span dir=\"ltr\">nator habitat enhancement. Implementing new management </span><span dir=\"ltr\">practices can be difficult, therefore we discuss strategies to aid in successful adoption, including </span><span dir=\"ltr\">gathering public support, collaborations between public and private agencies, and innovative </span><span dir=\"ltr\">funding</span> <span dir=\"ltr\">opportunities. While assessing vegetation management impacts on bee and butterfly </span><span dir=\"ltr\">communities in ROW is a rapidly expanding area of research, there are still many gaps in current </span><span dir=\"ltr\">knowledge. We conclude this report by addressing these gaps and provide sugg</span><span dir=\"ltr\">estions for further </span><span dir=\"ltr\">study.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Maine Department of Transportation. 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,{"id":70240861,"text":"70240861 - 2021 - Middle Holocene hydrologic changes catalyzed by river avulsion in Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-27T20:12:21.152859","indexId":"70240861","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T13:56:48","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Middle Holocene hydrologic changes catalyzed by river avulsion in Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Big Soda Lake is a 63 m deep, 1.6 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;maar lake in the Great Basin of Nevada, USA. Water level in the lake is controlled by groundwater inputs from the surrounding aquifer and the only surface water input is rainfall, which is negligible. A core taken in 2010 records an 8.75 m depositional history of the lake. A radiocarbon date on fossil pollen from 8.4 m below the sediment water interface (BSWI) of 14,740 (+1120/−825) cal&nbsp;yr BP suggests that the core may cover the latest Pleistocene and Holocene depositional history of the lake. Stable isotope values of oxygen and carbon (δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and δ</span><sup>13</sup><span>C) on authigenic calcite, diatom assemblages, and sedimentary structures all show consistent hydrological change from initially saline water at the bottom of the core to fresh/brackish water at about 6 m BWSI, back to saline water at 4.3 m. At 4.3 m depth, the bedding and color of the core change abruptly, and the stable- isotope and diatom assemblages indicate a consistently hypersaline lake until near the top of the core, when fresh water entered the lake due to irrigation and canal building in the twentieth century. The stable isotopes of the calcite abruptly&nbsp;change from inversely varying isotopic compositions below 4.3 m depth to covarying above. This break between relatively fresh and saline conditions in the lake occurs during the middle Holocene, although the exact timing of the transition is unknown due to variability in the&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C age determinations. The cause for such an abrupt change is difficult to explain through climate shifts, as evidence suggests climate in the Great Basin was different from what the Big Soda Lake record indicates in the Early Holocene. It is hypothesized that the Walker River flowed to the Carson River basin before 5600&nbsp;cal&nbsp;yr BP, with water either flowing directly into the lake or raising&nbsp;the groundwater table sufficiently to freshen Big Soda Lake. The initial increase in salinity likely was caused by decreased flow of the Walker River due to Middle Holocene aridity. The lake level lowered slowly, and more saline conditions prevailed until 4.3 m depth when water from the Walker River stopped flowing into the Carson River basin. Above 4.3 m depth, diatom and isotopic evidence indicates that the lake became consistently saline. The isotopic and diatom assemblage transitions observed in Big Soda Lake sediment are not consistent with climate reconstructions and demonstrate that hydrologic shifts in a basin can be an important driver of change regardless of climatic conditions. However, climate shifts may also play a role in the hydrologic changes by supplying more or less water to river courses that may induce river avulsion.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnogeology: Progress, challenges and opportunities: A tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-66576-0_10","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M., Reidy, L.M., Starratt, S.W., and Zimmerman, S., 2021, Middle Holocene hydrologic changes catalyzed by river avulsion in Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA, chap. <i>of</i> Limnogeology: Progress, challenges and opportunities: A tribute to Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, p. 295-328, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66576-0_10.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"328","ipdsId":"IP-109894","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9INH1ID","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Mineralogic, grain-size, biologic, and stable isotopic analyses of core TOPGUN-SODA10 2A-K from Big Soda Lake, Nevada, USA"},{"id":413426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Big Soda Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.87892835971928,\n              39.51788809213036\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8770297198971,\n              39.51835411876252\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.87495847645494,\n              39.520218194026086\n        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,{"id":70214557,"text":"70214557 - 2021 - Mars Astrobiological Cave and Internal habitability Explorer (MACIE): A New Frontiers mission concept","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T18:55:42.165437","indexId":"70214557","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T13:49:07","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Mars Astrobiological Cave and Internal habitability Explorer (MACIE): A New Frontiers mission concept","docAbstract":"<p>Martian subsurface habitability and astrobiology can be evaluated via a lava tube cave, without drilling. MACIE addresses two key goals of the Decadal Survey (2013–2022) and three MEPAG goals. 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,{"id":70237363,"text":"70237363 - 2021 - Graph-based reinforcement learning for active learning in real time: An application in modeling river networks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-11T16:57:48.969639","indexId":"70237363","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T11:44:45","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Graph-based reinforcement learning for active learning in real time: An application in modeling river networks","docAbstract":"Effective training of advanced ML models requires large amounts of labeled data, which is often scarce in scientific problems given the substantial human labor and material cost to collect labeled data. This poses a challenge on determining when and where we should deploy measuring instruments (e.g., in-situ sensors) to collect labeled data efficiently. This problem differs from traditional pool-based active learning settings in that the labeling decisions have to be made immediately after we observe the input data that come in a time series. In this paper, we develop a real-time active learning method that uses the spatial and temporal contextual information to select representative query samples in a reinforcement learning framework. To reduce the need for large training data, we further propose to transfer the policy learned from simulation data which is generated by existing physics-based models. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by predicting streamflow and water temperature in the Delaware River Basin given a limited budget for collecting labeled data. We further study the spatial and temporal distribution of selected samples to verify the ability of this method in selecting informative samples over space and time.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2021 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"conferenceTitle":"2021 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining","conferenceDate":"April 29-May 1, 2021","conferenceLocation":"Online","language":"English","publisher":"SIAM","doi":"10.1137/1.9781611976700.70","usgsCitation":"Jia, X., Lin, B., Zwart, J.A., Sadler, J.M., Appling, A.P., Oliver, S.K., and Read, J., 2021, Graph-based reinforcement learning for active learning in real time: An application in modeling river networks, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 2021 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Online, April 29-May 1, 2021, p. 621-629, https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611976700.70.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"629","ipdsId":"IP-123542","costCenters":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611976700.70","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":408167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jia, Xiaowei 0000-0001-8544-5233","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-5233","contributorId":237807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jia","given":"Xiaowei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6626,"text":"University of Minnesota","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Beiyu","contributorId":297481,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lin","given":"Beiyu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":64413,"text":"University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":854268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zwart, Jacob Aaron 0000-0002-3870-405X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3870-405X","contributorId":237809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zwart","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"Aaron","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sadler, Jeffrey Michael 0000-0001-8776-4844","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-4844","contributorId":260092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadler","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Appling, Alison P. 0000-0003-3638-8572 aappling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-8572","contributorId":150595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appling","given":"Alison","email":"aappling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Oliver, Samantha K. 0000-0001-5668-1165","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-1165","contributorId":211886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"Samantha","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Read, Jordan 0000-0002-3888-6631","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":221385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":854273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70229119,"text":"70229119 - 2021 - PumaPlex100: An expanded tool for puma SNP genotyping with low-yield DNA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-01T17:47:10.231931","indexId":"70229119","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T11:38:24","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"PumaPlex100: An expanded tool for puma SNP genotyping with low-yield DNA","docAbstract":"<p>The original PumaPlex is a high-throughput assay developed to genotype 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pumas (<i>Puma concolor</i>). Here, we describe the development of PumaPlex100 – an expanded version of the original assay that now genotypes &gt; 100 SNPs. We tested 142 candidate SNPs and developed a panel of 101 polymorphic loci, which are spread across four multiplexes and suitable for genotyping of non-invasive samples. This panel will provide researchers a set of standardized markers, that can be analyzed with minimal bioinformatic skills, for the assessment of population structure and genetic diversity. 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,{"id":70268709,"text":"70268709 - 2021 - Exploring strategies for investigating the mechanisms linking climate and individual-level child health outcomes: An analysis of birth weight in Mali","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-07T16:05:04.2424","indexId":"70268709","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T11:03:07","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":21981,"text":"Demography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Exploring strategies for investigating the mechanisms linking climate and individual-level child health outcomes: An analysis of birth weight in Mali","docAbstract":"<p><span>The goal of this article is to consider data solutions to investigate the differential pathways that connect climate/weather variability to child health outcomes. We apply several measures capturing different aspects of climate/weather variability to different time periods of&nbsp;</span><i>in utero</i><span>&nbsp;exposure. The measures are designed to capture the complexities of climate-related risks and isolate their impacts based on the timing and duration of exposure. Specifically, we focus on infant birth weight in Mali and consider local weather and environmental conditions associated with the three most frequently posited potential drivers of adverse health outcomes: disease (malaria), heat stress, and food insecurity. We focus this study on Mali, where seasonal trends facilitate the use of measures specifically designed to capture distinct aspects of climate/weather conditions relevant to the potential drivers. Results indicate that attention to the timing of exposures and employing measures designed to capture nuances in each of the drivers provides important insight into climate and birth weight outcomes, especially in the case of factors impacted by precipitation. Results also indicate that high temperatures and low levels of agricultural production are consistently associated with lower birth weights, and exposure to malarious conditions may increase likelihood of nonlive birth outcomes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Duke University Press","doi":"10.1215/00703370-8977484","usgsCitation":"Grace, K., Verdin, A., Dorélien, A., Davenport, F., Funk, C., and Husak, G., 2021, Exploring strategies for investigating the mechanisms linking climate and individual-level child health outcomes: An analysis of birth weight in Mali: Demography, v. 58, no. 2, p. 499-526-526, https://doi.org/10.1215/00703370-8977484.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"499-526","endPage":"526","ipdsId":"IP-121456","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":492045,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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,{"id":70228373,"text":"70228373 - 2021 - Embracing ensemble species distribution models to inform at-risk species status assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-09T17:03:42.769248","indexId":"70228373","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T10:56:58","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embracing ensemble species distribution models to inform at-risk species status assessments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Conservation planning depends on reliable information regarding the geographic distribution of species. However, our knowledge of species' distributions is often incomplete, especially when species are cryptic, difficult to survey, or rare. The use of species distribution models has increased in recent years and proven a valuable tool to evaluate habitat suitability for species. However, practitioners have yet to fully adopt the potential of species distribution models to inform conservation efforts for information-limited species. Here, we describe a species distribution modeling approach for at-risk species that could better inform U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's species status assessments and help facilitate conservation decisions. We applied four modeling techniques (generalized additive, maximum entropy, generalized boosted, and weighted ensemble) to occurrence data for four at-risk species proposed for listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (</span><i>Papaipema eryngii, Macbridea caroliniana, Scutellaria ocmulgee,</i><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>Balduina atropurpurea</i><span>) in the Southeastern United States. The use of ensemble models reduced uncertainty caused by differences among modeling techniques, with a consequent improvement of predictive accuracy of fitted models. Incorporating an ensemble modeling approach into species status assessments and similar frameworks is likely to benefit survey efforts, inform recovery activities, and provide more robust status assessments for at-risk species. We emphasize that co-producing species distribution models in close collaboration with species experts has the potential to provide better calibration data and model refinements, which could ultimately improve reliance and use of model outputs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.3996/JFWM-20-072","usgsCitation":"Ramirez-Reyes, C., Nazeri, M., Street, G., Jones-Ferrand, D.T., Vilella, F., and Evans, K.O., 2021, Embracing ensemble species distribution models to inform at-risk species status assessments: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 98-111, https://doi.org/10.3996/JFWM-20-072.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-114759","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-072","text":"Publisher Index 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,{"id":70230116,"text":"70230116 - 2021 - Intended consequences statement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-30T16:04:35.672554","indexId":"70230116","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T10:48:44","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5803,"text":"Conservation Science and Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intended consequences statement","docAbstract":"As the biodiversity crisis accelerates, the stakes are higher for threatened plants and animals. Rebuilding the health of our planet will require addressing underlying threats at many scales, including habitat loss and climate change. Conservation interventions such as habitat protection, management, restoration, predator control, translocation, genetic rescue, and biological control have the potential to help threatened or endangered species avert extinction. These existing, well-tested methods can be complemented and augmented by more frequent and faster adoption of new technologies, such as powerful new genetic tools. In addition, synthetic biology might offer solutions to currently intractable conservation problems. We believe that conservation needs to be bold and clear-eyed in this moment of great urgency.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/csp2.371","usgsCitation":"Phelan, R., Baumgartner, B., Brand, S., Brister, E., Burgiel, S.W., Charo, R.A., Coche, I., Cofrancesco, A., Delborne, J.A., Edwards, O., Fisher, J.P., Gaywood, M., Gordon, D.R., Howald, G., Hunter, M., Kareiva, P., Mankad, A., Marvier, M., Moseby, K., Newhouse, A.E., Novak, B.J., Ohrstrom, G., Olson, S., Palmer, M.J., Palumbi, S.S., Patterson, N., Pedrono, M., Pelegri, F., Rohwer, Y., Ryder, O.A., Saah, J.R., Scheller, R.M., Seddon, P.J., Shaffer, H.B., Shapiro, B., Sweeney, M., Tercek, M.R., Thizy, D., Tilt, W., Weber, M., Wegrzyn, R.D., Whitelaw, B., Winkler, M., Wodak, J., Zimring, M., and Robbins, P., 2021, Intended consequences statement: Conservation Science and Practice, v. 3, no. 4, e371, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.371.","productDescription":"e371, 3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-122407","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.371","text":"External Repository"},{"id":397865,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelan, Ryan","contributorId":289398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phelan","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62124,"text":"Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baumgartner, Bridget","contributorId":289399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baumgartner","given":"Bridget","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62124,"text":"Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brand, Stewart","contributorId":289400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brand","given":"Stewart","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":62124,"text":"Revive & Restore, Sausalito, CA, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brister, Evelyn","contributorId":289401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brister","given":"Evelyn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":32390,"text":"Rochester Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burgiel, Stanley W.","contributorId":289402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burgiel","given":"Stanley","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":62127,"text":"National Invasive Species Council, Washington DC, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":839095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Charo, R. 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,{"id":70263748,"text":"70263748 - 2021 - An integrated population model for harvest management of Atlantic brant","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-21T15:59:51.150161","indexId":"70263748","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:56:27","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated population model for harvest management of Atlantic brant","docAbstract":"<p><span>Atlantic brant (</span><i>Branta bernicla hrota</i><span>) are important game birds in the Atlantic Flyway and several long-term monitoring data sets could assist with harvest management, including a count-based survey and demographic data. Considering their relative strengths and weaknesses, integrated analysis to these data would likely improve harvest management, but tools for integration have not yet been developed. Managers currently use an aerial count survey on the wintering grounds, the mid-winter survey, to set harvest regulations. We developed an integrated population model (IPM) for Atlantic brant that uses multiple data sources to simultaneously estimate population abundance, survival, and productivity. The IPM abundance estimates for data from 1975–2018 were less variable than annual mid-winter survey counts or Lincoln estimates, presumably reflecting better accounting for observer error and incorporation of demographic estimates by the IPM. Posterior estimates of adult survival were high (0.77–0.87), and harvest rates of adults and juveniles were positively correlated with more liberal hunting regulations (i.e., hunting days and the daily bag limit). Productivity was variable, with the percent of juveniles in the winter population ranging from 1% to &gt;40%. We found no evidence for environmental relationships with productivity. Using IPM-predicted population abundances rather than mid-winter survey counts alone would have meant fewer annual changes to hunting regulations since 2004. Use of the IPM could improve harvest management for Atlantic brant by providing the ability to predict abundance before annual hunting regulations are set, and by providing more stable hunting regulations, with fewer annual changes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22037","usgsCitation":"Roberts, A., Dooly, J., Ross, B., Nichols, T., Leafloor, J., and Dufour, K., 2021, An integrated population model for harvest management of Atlantic brant: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 85, no. 5, p. 897-908, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22037.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"897","endPage":"908","ipdsId":"IP-119298","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":482337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.8343877582402,\n              62.41285920640681\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.27612610313905,\n              62.9825936579802\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.9360611726691,\n              66.43037175085522\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.41355122876546,\n              71.18930968714878\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.1985681614551,\n              73.69165787492997\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52383256314731,\n              72.23639925807228\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.00348613973863,\n              68.4831465437872\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.73869598878188,\n              66.06127536766604\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.4591220679694,\n              64.29556910964087\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6298769556148,\n              61.229545172462025\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.54052925132643,\n              61.70675111212782\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.8343877582402,\n              62.41285920640681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, A.J.","contributorId":351178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"A.J.","affiliations":[{"id":36209,"text":"U.S. FWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dooly, J.L.","contributorId":351179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dooly","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ross, Beth 0000-0001-5634-4951 bross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5634-4951","contributorId":199242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Beth","email":"bross@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":928113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, T.C.","contributorId":351180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nichols","given":"T.C.","affiliations":[{"id":83933,"text":"New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leafloor, J.O.","contributorId":351181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leafloor","given":"J.O.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dufour, K.W.","contributorId":351182,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dufour","given":"K.W.","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":928116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70228969,"text":"70228969 - 2021 - Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-25T16:11:20.656345","indexId":"70228969","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:51:05","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (<i>Salvelinus namaycush</i>) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario","title":"Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\">Restoration of a wild-produced lake trout<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus namaycush</i><span>&nbsp;</span>population in Lake Ontario has not been successful despite the adult population often meeting or exceeding restoration targets. Lack of high-quality spawning habitat in Lake Ontario is suggested as one impediment to recruitment of wild lake trout, although the quantity and location of spawning habitat is poorly understood. If high-quality spawning habitat is limited in Lake Ontario, lake trout may be using uncommon spawning locations such as rivers. Anecdotal angler accounts point to the Niagara River as a lake trout spawning location. To better understand the potential of the Niagara River as a spawning location, egg and juvenile fish collections were conducted 12–14 river kilometers from the mouth of the Niagara River from 2010 to 2012; and mature female lake trout with surgically implanted acoustic tags were monitored from 2015 to 2019. Genetic analyses confirmed 60% of collected eggs and 93% of collected post-hatch juvenile fish in the Niagara River were lake trout. Tagged female lake trout returned to the Niagara River over consecutive years during the spawning season. The short duration of lake trout presence in the river (mean&nbsp;=&nbsp;56&nbsp;days/year) suggests female lake trout use the Niagara River primarily for spawning. Diversity in spawning locations may provide lake trout population’s resilience against environmental variability through a portfolio effect. Improved identification of riverine spawning locations, including their overall contribution to wild recruitment, may be a useful tool for managers to restore a wild-produced population of lake trout in Lake Ontario.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2020.12.007","usgsCitation":"Gatch, A., Gorsky, D., Biesinger, Z., Bruestle, E., Lee, K., Karboski, C., Bartron, M.L., and Wagner, T., 2021, Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 47, no. 2, p. 486-493, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2020.12.007.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"486","endPage":"493","ipdsId":"IP-119538","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396491,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New York, Ontario","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario, Niagara River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.617919921875,\n              42.87797684287408\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42315673828125,\n              42.87797684287408\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.42315673828125,\n              43.57840117718351\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.617919921875,\n              43.57840117718351\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.617919921875,\n              42.87797684287408\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gatch, Alexander","contributorId":264161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gatch","given":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorsky, Dimitry","contributorId":251650,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gorsky","given":"Dimitry","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Biesinger, Zy","contributorId":197993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Biesinger","given":"Zy","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruestle, Eric","contributorId":251746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bruestle","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lee, Kelley","contributorId":280121,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lee","given":"Kelley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36985,"text":"Penn State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Karboski, Curt","contributorId":280119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karboski","given":"Curt","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bartron, Meredith L.","contributorId":149109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartron","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":26874,"text":"USFWS, Lamar, PA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70228564,"text":"70228564 - 2021 - Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-14T15:58:57.838707","indexId":"70228564","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:48:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska","title":"Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Polymorphism facilitates coexistence of divergent morphs (e.g., phenotypes) of the same species by minimizing intraspecific competition, especially when resources are limiting. Arctic char (<i>Salvelinus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sp.) are a Holarctic fish often forming morphologically, and sometimes genetically, divergent morphs. In this study, we assessed the morphological and genetic diversity and divergence of 263 individuals from seven populations of arctic char with varying length-frequency distributions across two distinct groups of lakes in northern Alaska. Despite close geographic proximity, each lake group occurs on landscapes with different glacial ages and surface water connectivity, and thus was likely colonized by fishes at different times. Across lakes, a continuum of physical (e.g., lake area, maximum depth) and biological characteristics (e.g., primary productivity, fish density) exists, likely contributing to characteristics of present-day char populations. Although some lakes exhibit bimodal size distributions, using model-based clustering of morphometric traits corrected for allometry, we did not detect morphological differences within and across char populations. Genomic analyses using 15,934 SNPs obtained from genotyping by sequencing demonstrated differences among lake groups related to historical biogeography, but within lake groups and within individual lakes, genetic differentiation was not related to total body length. We used PERMANOVA to identify environmental and biological factors related to observed char size structure. Significant predictors included water transparency (i.e., a primary productivity proxy), char density (fish·ha<sup>-1</sup>), and lake group. Larger char occurred in lakes with greater primary production and lower char densities, suggesting less intraspecific competition and resource limitation. Thus, char populations in more productive and connected lakes may prove more stable to environmental changes, relative to food-limited and closed lakes, if lake productivity increases concomitantly. Our findings provide some of the first descriptions of genomic characteristics of char populations in arctic Alaska, and offer important consideration for the persistence of these populations for subsistence and conservation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7211","usgsCitation":"Klobucar, S., Rick, J., Mandeville, E., Wagner, C.E., and Budy, P., 2021, Investigating the morphological and genetic divergence of arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) populations in lakes of arctic Alaska: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 7, p. 3040-3057, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7211.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3040","endPage":"3057","ipdsId":"IP-117493","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452836,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7211","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":395888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Mountain Range, Toolik Field Station","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.74365234374997,\n              68.49604022839505\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.95538330078125,\n              68.49604022839505\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.95538330078125,\n              68.70448628851169\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.74365234374997,\n              68.70448628851169\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.74365234374997,\n              68.49604022839505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klobucar, Stephen L.","contributorId":172291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klobucar","given":"Stephen L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":834610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rick, Jessica A.","contributorId":276155,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rick","given":"Jessica A.","affiliations":[{"id":36628,"text":"University of Wyoming","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mandeville, Elizabeth G.","contributorId":270691,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Elizabeth G.","affiliations":[{"id":56198,"text":"uwyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wagner, Catherine E.","contributorId":270693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":56198,"text":"uwyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":834613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Budy, Phaedra E. 0000-0002-9918-1678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9918-1678","contributorId":228930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"Phaedra E.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":834609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70218468,"text":"70218468 - 2021 - Climate change indicators: Streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-21T14:34:17.88426","indexId":"70218468","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:28:47","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Climate change indicators: Streamflow","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Simeone, C.E., Dudley, R., Hodgkins, G.A., and McHale, M., 2021, Climate change indicators: Streamflow, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-124821","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":426831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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We documented changes in genetic diversity in an isolated, reintroduced population of bobcats on Cumberland Island (CUIS), Georgia, USA, compared to another bobcat population on Kiawah Island, South Carolina, USA, that was naturally established and experiences limited immigration from the mainland. The CUIS population declined from 32 reintroduced bobcats in 1989 to 10–24 individuals during 2012–2019, and observed heterozygosity declined from 0.742 to 0.634 (SD = 0.240). Observed heterozygosity of bobcats on Kiawah was 0.699 (SD = 0.153). We estimated that one bobcat immigrated to Kiawah Island every 5.3 years. We compared the predictions of a novel population viability analysis (<span id=\"gs1\">PVA</span>) to empirical estimates of abundance and genetic diversity on CUIS and used our<span>&nbsp;</span><span id=\"gs2\">PVA</span><span>&nbsp;</span>to identify management actions that are likely to support long-term viability. Mean heterozygosity from the PVA (0.588, SD = 0.065) was within 1 standard deviation of the empirical estimate. The PVA estimated the population would decline following population restoration due to loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding depression. Translocations of one female every four years would stabilize allele heterozygosity similar to the Kiawah Island population, but even translocations of two females every two years would not restore heterozygosity to founder levels. The PVA predicted no management action would result in a one in five probability of extinction within 50 years of reintroduction, but all translocation strategies nearly eliminated extinction risk through 100 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01457","usgsCitation":"Cassandra M. Miller-Butterworth, Diefenbach, D.R., Edson, J., Hansen, L.A., Jordan, J.D., Gingery, T.M., and Russell, A.L., 2021, Demography and loss of genetic diversity in two insular populations of the bobcat (Lynx rufus): Global Ecology and Conservation, v. 26, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01457.","productDescription":"e01457, 15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","ipdsId":"IP-120700","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01457","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cumberland Island, Kiawah Island, Little Cumberland Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      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,{"id":70270557,"text":"70270557 - 2021 - Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Level 1B User Guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-20T14:31:32.455365","indexId":"70270557","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:14:26","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Level 1B User Guide","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Beck, J., Wirt, B., Luthcke, S., Hofton, M., and Armston, J., 2021, Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) Level 1B User Guide (version 2.0), 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128527","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":494342,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/987/GEDI01B_User_Guide_V2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"version 2.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Jared 0000-0003-2767-5502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-5502","contributorId":359948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beck","given":"Jared","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Bradford 0000-0001-6115-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-6963","contributorId":359919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wirt","given":"Bradford","affiliations":[{"id":85935,"text":"KBR, Inc, contracted to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luthcke, Scott","contributorId":104807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luthcke","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":946604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofton, Michelle","contributorId":311211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofton","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67358,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20770, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Armston, John","contributorId":311208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armston","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67358,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20770, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70228854,"text":"70228854 - 2021 - Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T15:23:43.583998","indexId":"70228854","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:11:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10129,"text":"International Journal of Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects","docAbstract":"<p id=\"abspara0010\">Rodents&nbsp;characteristically benefit from increased precipitation, especially in typically dry habitats; “good years” of high precipitation improve their forage and water balance. However,&nbsp;<span><i>Yersinia pestis</i></span><span>&nbsp;(plague), a flea-borne pathogen of mammals that was introduced to western North America, has the greatest negative impact on at least some species of rodents during years of above-average precipitation. In the absence of plague mitigation, negative effects of plague in wet years might overwhelm the otherwise beneficial effects of increased moisture. In Montana and Utah, USA, where plague now occurs enzootically, we investigated the influence of precipitation on finite rates of annual population change (2000–2005) for 3 species of&nbsp;prairie dogs&nbsp;(</span><i>Cynomys</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) in replicated plots treated with&nbsp;deltamethrin&nbsp;dust and in non-treated plots for paired comparisons. There was a significant interaction between precipitation and treatment. When we reduced plague vector fleas, prairie dog visual counts tended to increase with increasing precipitation. Simultaneously, there was a negative relationship between counts and precipitation on paired plots where plague was not managed, suggesting that plague transformed and reversed the otherwise beneficial effect of increased precipitation. Are the good years gone for prairie dogs? Even if the good years are not gone, they are perhaps relatively scarce compared to historic times prior to the invasion of plague. This scenario might apply to other ecosystems and may pose broad conservation challenges in western North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.006","usgsCitation":"Biggins, D.E., Eads, D.A., and Godbey, J.L., 2021, Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects: International Journal of Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, v. 14, p. 329-334, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.006.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"334","ipdsId":"IP-123771","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.02.006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VPEKGV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data on finite population change for 3 species of prairie dogs in Montana and Utah, USA, 2000-2005"},{"id":396341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, Utah","county":"Philips County","otherGeospatial":"Awapa Recovery Area, Coyote Basin, Paunsaugunt Recovery Area, West Desert Recovery Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.55429077148438,\n              39.97396296240704\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05303955078125,\n              39.97396296240704\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05303955078125,\n              40.30571266770939\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.55429077148438,\n              40.30571266770939\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.55429077148438,\n              39.97396296240704\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7916259765625,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.7916259765625,\n              38.843986129756615\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              38.843986129756615\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0435791015625,\n              37.01571219880126\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.841552734375,\n              47.83159592699297\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.31170654296875,\n              47.83159592699297\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.31170654296875,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.841552734375,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.841552734375,\n              47.83159592699297\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Biggins, Dean E. 0000-0003-2078-671X bigginsd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-671X","contributorId":2522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biggins","given":"Dean","email":"bigginsd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":835700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eads, David A. 0000-0002-4247-017X deads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-017X","contributorId":173639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eads","given":"David","email":"deads@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":835701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godbey, Jerry L. godbeyj@usgs.gov","contributorId":5121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godbey","given":"Jerry","email":"godbeyj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":835702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70270509,"text":"70270509 - 2021 - Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) level 2 user guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-21T13:13:21.908259","indexId":"70270509","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:07:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) level 2 user guide","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"Beck, J., Wirt, B., Armston, J., Hofton, M., Luthcke, S., and Tang, H., 2021, Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) level 2 user guide, 25 p.","productDescription":"25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128197","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":494341,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":494340,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/986/GEDI02_UserGuide_V2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beck, Jared 0000-0003-2767-5502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-5502","contributorId":219169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Jared","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":946598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wirt, Bradford 0000-0001-6115-6963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6115-6963","contributorId":359919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wirt","given":"Bradford","affiliations":[{"id":85935,"text":"KBR, Inc, contracted to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Armston, John","contributorId":311208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Armston","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67358,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20770, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hofton, Michelle","contributorId":311211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hofton","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67358,"text":"Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20770, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luthcke, Scott","contributorId":311207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luthcke","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":67357,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tang, Hao","contributorId":311206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tang","given":"Hao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":67355,"text":"Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":946602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70238781,"text":"70238781 - 2021 - Heterotrophic respiration and the divergence of productivity and carbon sequestration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T15:08:10.493171","indexId":"70238781","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T09:00:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heterotrophic respiration and the divergence of productivity and carbon sequestration","docAbstract":"<p><span>Net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) are often used interchangeably, as their difference, heterotrophic respiration (soil heterotrophic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;efflux, R</span><sub>SH</sub><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;NPP−NEP), is assumed a near-fixed fraction of NPP. Here, we show, using a range-wide replicated experimental study in loblolly pine (</span><i>Pinus taeda</i><span>) plantations that R</span><sub>SH</sub><span>&nbsp;responds differently than NPP to fertilization and drought treatments, leading to the divergent responses of NPP and NEP. Across the natural range of the species, the moderate responses of NPP (+11%) and R</span><sub>SH</sub><span>&nbsp;(−7%) to fertilization combined such that NEP increased nearly threefold in ambient control and 43% under drought treatment. A 13% decline in R</span><sub>SH</sub><span>&nbsp;under drought led to a 26% increase in NEP while NPP was unaltered. Such drought benefit for carbon sequestration was nearly twofold in control, but disappeared under fertilization. Carbon sequestration efficiency, NEP:NPP, varied twofold among sites, and increased up to threefold under both drought and fertilization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL092366","usgsCitation":"Noormets, A., Bracho, R., Ward, E., Seiler, J., Strahm, B., Lin, W., McElligott, K., Domec, J., Gonzalez-Benecke, C., Jokela, E.J., Markewitz, D.M., Meek, C., Miao, G., McNulty, S.G., King, J., Samuelson, L., Sun, G., Teskey, R., Vogel, J., Will, R.E., Yang, J., and Martin, T.A., 2021, Heterotrophic respiration and the divergence of productivity and carbon sequestration: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 48, no. 7, e2020GL092366, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL092366.","productDescription":"e2020GL092366, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-128106","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository 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,{"id":70229806,"text":"70229806 - 2021 - Reply to comment by R. Parkinson on “Increasing rates of carbon burial in southwest Florida coastal wetlands” by J. Breithaupt et al.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-17T13:46:30.497055","indexId":"70229806","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T08:41:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by R. Parkinson on “Increasing rates of carbon burial in southwest Florida coastal wetlands” by J. Breithaupt et al.","docAbstract":"Breithaupt et al. (2020) investigated why rates of organic carbon (OC) burial in coastal wetlands appear to increase over the past ∼120 years. After comparing dating methods and applying biogeochemical analyses, we concluded that neither dating method nor carbon degradation contribute to the observed trend. Rather, we concluded that OC burial has increased in the past century. Parkinson's (2021) Comment disagrees with our conclusion, contending that: 1) use of a density correction to account for soil auto‐compaction is a flawed methodology that artificially shortens a core's length, 2) there is limited evidence for an acceleration in the regional sea‐level rise (SLR) rate, and 3) vertical accretion rates in previous papers by Breithaupt et al. (2014, 2017) are lower than the regional mean rate of SLR and are not to be believed as these wetlands should have converted to open water by now. We reject these contentions because: 1) no density correction was applied to the cores in this study, 2) local tide gauge records and analyses in the literature support an increase in SLR rates coinciding with the timeframe of our OC burial records, and 3) Parkinson's comparison of the 100‐yr mean rate of SLR neglects temporal variability and uncertainties in the long‐term sea‐level record, as well as biophysical feedbacks between wetland surface elevation and SLR. Here, we provide detailed responses to Parkinson's contentions and establish the importance of differentiating operational definitions of OC burial and accretion to clarify why an auto‐compaction correction is not applicable for OC burial measurements.","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","doi":"10.1029/2021JG006245","usgsCitation":"Breithaupt, J.L., Smoak, J.M., Bianchi, T.S., Vaughn, D., Sanders, C.J., Radabaugh, K.R., Osland, M., Feher, L., Lynch, J., Cahoon, D., Anderson, G., Whelan, K.R., Rosenheim, B.E., Moyer, R.P., and Chambers, L.G., 2021, Reply to comment by R. Parkinson on “Increasing rates of carbon burial in southwest Florida coastal wetlands” by J. Breithaupt et al.: Biogeosciences, v. 126, no. 4, e2021JG006245, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006245.","productDescription":"e2021JG006245, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-125803","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397223,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.68310546875,\n              28.7965462417692\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.96875,\n              27.907058371121995\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6171875,\n              27.205785724383325\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.353515625,\n 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,{"id":70229495,"text":"70229495 - 2021 - The formation, transport, and breakup of submerged oil-particle aggregates in Great Lakes riverine environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-09T14:30:11.986408","indexId":"70229495","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T08:21:30","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":10269,"text":"Research Brief","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"EPA/600/S-21/061","title":"The formation, transport, and breakup of submerged oil-particle aggregates in Great Lakes riverine environments","docAbstract":"The formation, transport, and resuspension of oil-particle aggregates (OPA) in freshwater environments are of much interest to oil spill responders and scientists, especially as transportation of light and heavy crude oils has substantially increased across river corridors and coasts in the Great Lakes Basin. The persistent sheening from accumulated OPA along 60 km of the Kalamazoo River in Michigan’s lower peninsula resulted in a lengthy and expensive cleanup for the 2010 Enbridge Line 6B pipeline rupture. The interaction of oil with river mineral sediment and organic matter and its long-term fate depend on the physical properties of the oil and particles as well as the environmental setting of river, its climate, morphology, currents and mixing opportunities. This research brief describes the expanded work conducted for the cleanup for the 2010 Enbridge Line 6B pipeline rupture and includes laboratory experiments of aggregate characteristics with Cold Lake Blend and a range of sediment particle sizes, addition of an OPA formation algorithm to an existing sediment contaminant transport model, and development of a simplified, particle-tracking based rapid response model of OPA formation, transport, and deposition. A description of formulas developed for mixing energy in rivers in terms of river properties is also included.","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Berens, J., Boufadel, M., Fitzpatrick, F., Garcia, M., Hassan, J.S., Hayter, E., Jones, L., Mravik, S., and Waterman, D., 2021, The formation, transport, and breakup of submerged oil-particle aggregates in Great Lakes riverine environments (Revised March 7, 2022): Research Brief EPA/600/S-21/061, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","ipdsId":"IP-130968","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396902,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":396889,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?Lab=CESER&dirEntryId=354255"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Kalamazoo River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.21795654296875,\n              42.23461834757937\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.50384521484375,\n              42.23461834757937\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.50384521484375,\n              42.6844544397102\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.21795654296875,\n              42.6844544397102\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.21795654296875,\n              42.23461834757937\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Revised March 7, 2022","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berens, John","contributorId":288282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berens","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61720,"text":"University of IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boufadel, Michel C.","contributorId":176576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boufadel","given":"Michel C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":837607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":209612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":837608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garcia, Marcelo H.","contributorId":74236,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Marcelo H.","affiliations":[{"id":33106,"text":"University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hassan, Jacob S.","contributorId":143668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hassan","given":"Jacob","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":15293,"text":"USEPA Region V","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hayter, Earl","contributorId":143665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayter","given":"Earl","affiliations":[{"id":15290,"text":"USACE, Coastal and Hydraulic Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, Lori","contributorId":288283,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Lori","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61723,"text":"formerly with the University of IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Mravik, Susan","contributorId":288284,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mravik","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Waterman, David","contributorId":143664,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waterman","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15289,"text":"University of Illinois, Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":837614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70220249,"text":"70220249 - 2021 - Assessing the impact of an online climate science community:  The Early Career Climate Forum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-29T12:56:06.982649","indexId":"70220249","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T07:53:36","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8576,"text":"Weather, Climate and Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing the impact of an online climate science community:  The Early Career Climate Forum","docAbstract":"<p>Online science communities can serve as powerful platforms for advancing scientific knowledge, capacity, and outreach by increasing collaboration and information sharing among geographically distant peers, practitioners, and the public. Here, we examine the value and role of the Early Career Climate Forum (ECCF), a climate-focused online science community that is based in the United States and is dedicated to training and providing support to the next generation of climate scientists. In a survey of community users and contributors, we find that the ECCF played a unique role in providing users access to career resources as well as climate-related research and insights. Respondents also indicated that the ECCF provides them with a strong sense of community and a sense of hope for the future of climate science research. These findings highlight the importance of online science communities in shaping and supporting the next generation of scientists and practitioners working at the science–management interface on climate change issues.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0150.1","usgsCitation":"Guckian, M., Markowitz, E., Tucker, C., Kiekebusch, E., Klemm, T., Middleton, L., Wootten, A., and Staudinger, M., 2021, Assessing the impact of an online climate science community:  The Early Career Climate Forum: Weather, Climate and Society, v. 13, no. 2, p. 315-325, https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0150.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"325","ipdsId":"IP-104149","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0150.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":385386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guckian, Meaghan","contributorId":257672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guckian","given":"Meaghan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markowitz, Ezra","contributorId":257673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Markowitz","given":"Ezra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Clay","contributorId":257674,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Clay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16154,"text":"LSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kiekebusch, Elsita","contributorId":257676,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiekebusch","given":"Elsita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13595,"text":"NCSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klemm, Toni","contributorId":257680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klemm","given":"Toni","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52084,"text":"TX A&M","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Middleton, Lindsey","contributorId":257683,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13606,"text":"CSU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wootten, Adrienne","contributorId":257686,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wootten","given":"Adrienne","affiliations":[{"id":52085,"text":"Univ. OK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70220337,"text":"70220337 - 2021 - Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-06T12:56:29.014021","indexId":"70220337","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-01T07:53:08","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1878,"text":"Harmful Algae","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"abs0002\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"abss0002\"><p id=\"spara009\">As harmful algal blooms (HABs) increase in magnitude and duration worldwide, they are becoming an expanding threat to marine wildlife. Over the past decade, blooms of algae that produce the neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX) and documented concurrent seabird mortality events have increased bicoastally in the United States. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HAB related mortality events in California, Washington, and Rhode Island between 2007 and 2018 involving 12 species of seabirds, to document the levels, ranges, and patterns of DA and STX in eight sample types (kidney, liver, stomach, intestinal, cloacal, cecal contents, bile, blood) collected from birds during these events. Samples (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;182<i>)</i><span>&nbsp;</span>from 83 birds were examined for DA (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;135) or STX (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;17) or both toxins simultaneously (<i>n</i>&nbsp;=&nbsp;30), using ELISA or LCMS at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA-NMFS) Wildlife Algal-toxin Research and Response Network (WARRN-West) or the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC). DA or STX was detected in seven of the sample types with STX below the minimum detection limit in blood for the three samples tested. DA was found in 70% and STX was found in 23% of all tested samples. The ranges of detectable levels of DA and STX in all samples were 0.65–681,190.00&nbsp;ng<span>&nbsp;</span><i>g</i><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 2.00–20.95&nbsp;ng<span>&nbsp;</span><i>g</i><sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Cloacal contents from a Pacific loon (<i>Gavia pacifica</i>) collected in 2017 from Ventura County, California, had the highest maximum level of DA for all samples and species tested in this study. The highest level of STX for all samples and species was detected in the bile of a northern fulmar (<i>Fulmarus glacialis</i>) collected in 2018 from San Luis Obispo County, California. DA detections were consistently found in gastrointestinal samples, liver, bile, and kidney, whereas STX detections were most frequently seen in liver and bile samples. Co-occurring HAB toxins (DA and STX) were detected in white-winged scoters (<i>Melanitta deglandi</i>) in 2009, a Brandt's cormorant (<i>Phalacrocorax penicillatus</i>) in 2015, and a northern fulmar and common murre (<i>Uria aalge</i>) in 2018. This article provides DA and STX tissue concentrations and patterns in avian samples and shows the utility of various sample types for the detection of HAB toxins. Future research to understand the pharmacodynamics of these toxins in avian species and to establish lethal doses in various bird species would be beneficial.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2021.101981","usgsCitation":"Gibble, C., Kudela, R., Knowles, S., Bodenstein, B., and Lefebvre, K., 2021, Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds in the United States between 2007 and 2018: Harmful Algae, v. 103, 101981, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.101981.","productDescription":"101981, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-114008","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452850,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2021.101981","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IVQYN5","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds from California and Rhode Island 2015-2017"},{"id":385474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibble, Corinne","contributorId":257889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibble","given":"Corinne","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kudela, Raphael","contributorId":257890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kudela","given":"Raphael","affiliations":[{"id":52163,"text":"University of Califronia Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knowles, Susan 0000-0002-0254-6491 sknowles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-6491","contributorId":5254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knowles","given":"Susan","email":"sknowles@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":189820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lefebvre, Kathi","contributorId":257892,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lefebvre","given":"Kathi","affiliations":[{"id":52164,"text":"Environmental and Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}