{"pageNumber":"5169","pageRowStart":"129200","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165485,"records":[{"id":70195375,"text":"70195375 - 1979 - Drug metabolism in birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T12:00:43","indexId":"70195375","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5625,"text":"Pharmacology","onlineIssn":"1423-0313","printIssn":"0031-7012","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Drug metabolism in birds","docAbstract":"

Papers published over 100 years since the beginning of the scientific study of drug metabolism in birds were reviewed. Birds were found to be able to accomplish more than 20 general biotransformation reactions in both functionalization and conjugation. Chickens were the primary subject of study but over 30 species of birds were used. Large species differences in drug metabolism exist between birds and mammals as well as between various birds, these differences were mostly quantitative. Qualitative differences were rare. On the whole, drug metabolism studies in birds have been neglected as compared with similar studies on insects and mammals. The uniqueness of birds and the advantages of using birds in drug metabolism studies are discussed. Possible future studies of drug metabolism in birds are recommended.

","language":"English","publisher":"Karger","doi":"10.1159/000137327","usgsCitation":"Pan, H.P., and Fouts, J.R., 1979, Drug metabolism in birds: Pharmacology, v. 19, p. 289-293, https://doi.org/10.1159/000137327.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":351470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff4a4ae4b0da30c1bfdbc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pan, Huo Ping","contributorId":100479,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pan","given":"Huo","email":"","middleInitial":"Ping","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fouts, James R.","contributorId":54657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fouts","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162500,"text":"70162500 - 1979 - The 1976 Tangshan earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T15:06:42","indexId":"70162500","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1976 Tangshan earthquake","docAbstract":"

The Tangshan earthquake of 1976 was one of the largest earthquakes in recent years. It occurred on July 28 at 3:42 a.m, Beijing (Peking) local time, and had magnitude 7.8, focal depth of 15 kilometers, and an epicentral intensity of XI on the New Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale; it caused serious damage and loss of life in this densely populated industrial city. Now, with the help of people from all over China, the city of Tangshan is being rebuild. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Fang, W., 1979, The 1976 Tangshan earthquake: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 3, p. 106-109.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"109","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 117.92724609375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n 118.24584960937499,\n 38.77978137804918\n ],\n [\n 118.98193359375,\n 38.53097889440024\n ],\n [\n 119.37744140625,\n 38.976492485539396\n ],\n [\n 119.7509765625,\n 39.58875727696545\n ],\n [\n 119.761962890625,\n 40.371658891506094\n ],\n [\n 118.93798828125,\n 40.82212357516945\n ],\n [\n 118.311767578125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n 117.27905273437499,\n 40.75557964275589\n ],\n [\n 116.78466796875,\n 40.98819156349393\n ],\n [\n 117.103271484375,\n 39.605688178320804\n ],\n [\n 117.92724609375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a7556de4b0b28f1184d890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fang, Wang","contributorId":152542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Wang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162278,"text":"70162278 - 1979 - Artificial transmission to and susceptibility of Puget Sound fish to viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-03T16:17:03.170679","indexId":"70162278","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2543,"text":"Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Artificial transmission to and susceptibility of Puget Sound fish to viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN)","docAbstract":"

In Puget Sound, Wash., the incidence of viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) varied geographically from 0 to 17% in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and from 4 to 59% in Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi). The disease was experimentally transmitted by intraperitoneal injection to chum, pink (O. gorbuscha), coho (O. kisutch), chinook (O. tshawytscha), sockeye (O. nerka), and Atlantic (Salmo salar) salmon, and rainbow (S. gairdneri), brown (S. trutta), and brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout. The disease was transmitted to chum salmon and brook trout by waterborne virus. Virus obtained from herring was experimentally transmitted into chum salmon by intraperitoneal injection. Key words: viral erythrocytic necrosis, fish disease, transmission

","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/f79-153","usgsCitation":"MacMillian, J.R., and Mulcahy, D., 1979, Artificial transmission to and susceptibility of Puget Sound fish to viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN): Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, v. 36, no. 9, p. 1097-1101, https://doi.org/10.1139/f79-153.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"1097","endPage":"1101","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.0413818359375,\n 48.090922612296744\n ],\n [\n -122.310791015625,\n 48.19538740833338\n ],\n [\n -122.06085205078125,\n 47.9696977140649\n ],\n [\n -122.12951660156249,\n 47.5079250985124\n ],\n [\n -122.33551025390625,\n 47.16357498846737\n ],\n [\n -122.88482666015625,\n 46.9446372241817\n ],\n [\n -123.08258056640626,\n 47.081344869872034\n ],\n [\n -123.211669921875,\n 47.2736386488847\n ],\n [\n -123.20068359374999,\n 47.45780853075031\n ],\n [\n -123.0084228515625,\n 47.78178908571311\n ],\n [\n -123.05511474609375,\n 48.08725331988949\n ],\n [\n -123.0413818359375,\n 48.090922612296744\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"36","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c40e4b0961cf27fd190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacMillian, John R.","contributorId":152373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"MacMillian","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mulcahy, Dan","contributorId":152374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184462,"text":"70184462 - 1979 - Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:36:01","indexId":"70184462","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns","docAbstract":"

San Francisco Bay, California, including its fringing marshes, supports a large and diverse water related avifauna (Grinnell and Wythe 19271 Sibley 1952, Gill 1973, 1977). Certain of man's alterations of the Bay's shallower wetlands have resulted in increased habitat diversity which has allowed colonization by several species of birds including some colonial nesting species. The extensive dikes associated with salt production and some areas of higher ground created by dredge spoils have provided increased tide-free substratum, some of it insular, suitable for nesting. The resulting numbers of Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula), Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri), and Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) using these areas now represent a significant portion of the northern California breeding populations of these species.

In conjunction with a study of the breeding birds of the South San Francisco Bay Estuary (Gill 1973, 1977) from 1971 to 1973, we banded 187 Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias), 1499 Snowy Egrets, 1615 Black-crowned Night Herons, 2943 Forster's Terns, and 743 Caspian Terns; often this represented a substantial portion of these species banded in the western states during these years (Table 1). Recoveries from these bandings through 1977 plus additional recoveries from a few earlier and some more recent bandings provide the data for this report on dispersal patterns and migration of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns.

","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Mewaldt, L., 1979, Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns: North American Bird Bander, v. 4, no. 1, p. 4-13.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/publications_NABB.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fae4b014cc3a3e7712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mewaldt, L. Richard","contributorId":187768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mewaldt","given":"L. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035476,"text":"70035476 - 1979 - Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035476","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","docAbstract":"The constitutive relations developed in the companion paper are used to model detailed observations of preseismic slip and the onset of unstable slip in biaxial laboratory experiments. The simulations employ a deterministic plane strain finite element model to represent the interactions both within the sliding blocks and between the blocks and the loading apparatus. Both experiments and simulations show that preseismic slip is controlled by initial inhomogeneity of shear stress along the sliding surface relative to the frictional strength. As a consequence of the inhomogeneity, stable slip begins at a point on the surface and the area of slip slowly expands as the external loading increases. A previously proposed correlation between accelerating rates of stable slip and growth of the area of slip is supported by the simulations. In the simulations and in the experiments, unstable slip occurs shortly after a propagating slip event traverses the sliding surface and breaks out at the ends of the sample. In the model the breakout of stable slip causes a sudden acceleration of slip rates. Because of velocity dependency of the constitutive relationship for friction, the rapid acceleration of slip causes a decrease in frictional strength. Instability occurs when the frictional strength decreases with displacement at a rate that exceeds the intrinsic unloading characteristics of the sample and test machine. A simple slider-spring model that does not consider preseismic slip appears to approximate the transition adequately from stable sliding to unstable slip as a function of normal stress, machine stiffness, and surface roughness for small samples. However, for large samples and for natural faults the simulations suggest that the simple model may be inaccurate because it does not take into account potentially large preseismic displacements that will alter the friction parameters prior to instability. Copyright ?? 1979 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02169","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip, in Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2169-2175, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169.","startPage":"2169","endPage":"2175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480608,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb084ib05p02169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169"},{"id":242915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c17e4b0c8380cd6fa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185410,"text":"70185410 - 1979 - Nesting ecology of Arctic loons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-15T11:03:19","indexId":"70185410","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3783,"text":"The Wilson Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-5643","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of Arctic loons","docAbstract":"

Arctic Loons were studied on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, from the time of their arrival in May to their departure in September, in 1974 and 1975. Pairs arrived on breeding ponds as soon as sufficient meltwater was available to allow their take-off and landing. Loons apparently do not initiate nests immediately after their arrival, even when nest-sites are available. Delayed egg-laying may be dependent on a period of yolk formation. Delaying yolk formation until after arrival on nest ponds is an adaptation by loons to the variable time suitable habitat becomes available for nesting. Predation of eggs by Glaucous Gulls, Long-tailed and Parasitic jaegers and foxes varied in relation to the location of the nest-site, and the availability of alternate prey. Hatching success was the lowest recorded for Arctic Loons (5%) in 1974, when eggs of both loons and Cackling Geese were taken in large numbers by predators. Hatching success increased to 32% in 1975 when an abundance of tundra voles was observed. No loon eggs hatched after the hatching of the Cackling Goose eggs when this alternate prey was no longer available. Nests destroyed by foxes were predominantly along shorelines, and those by gulls and jaegers were predominantly on islands. Nest-site selection by Arctic Loons may reflect an adaptive response to varying selective pressures by their predators.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wilson Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Petersen, M.R., 1979, Nesting ecology of Arctic loons: The Wilson Bulletin, v. 91, no. 4, p. 608-617.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"608","endPage":"617","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337984,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wjoonline.org/?code=wors-site","text":"Journal's Homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Clarence Rhode National Wildlife Range, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","volume":"91","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b9be4b0236b68f829b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70176028,"text":"70176028 - 1979 - Records of ground-water recharge and discharge for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T16:26:49","indexId":"70176028","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"Records of ground-water recharge and discharge for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-77","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R., and Rappmund, R.A., 1979, Records of ground-water recharge and discharge for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-77: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 37, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73eee4b03fd6b7df2d7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rappmund, R. A.","contributorId":173985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rappmund","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70045277,"text":"70045277 - 1979 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:19:47","indexId":"70045277","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1977","docAbstract":"The need for disseminating current information on activities in the field of sedimentation was proposed by the Chairman of the Federal Interagency River Basin Committee's Subcommittee on Sedimentation shortly after the subcommittee was formed in May 1946. At the fifth meeting of the subcommittee on September 17, 1946, the members approved this proposal and agreed to the issuance of a quarterly report as one means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of sedimentation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1979, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1977, vi, 414 p.","productDescription":"vi, 414 p.","numberOfPages":"450","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","temporalEnd":"1977-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272704,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045277/report.pdf"},{"id":270657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045277/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6eae4b0b7010f82017a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001686,"text":"1001686 - 1979 - Mathematics and mallard management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T10:27:31","indexId":"1001686","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mathematics and mallard management","docAbstract":"Waterfowl managers can effectively use simple population models to aid in making management decisions. We present a basic model of the change in population size as related to survival and recruitment. A management technique designed to increase survival of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) by limiting harvest on the Chippewa National Forest, Minnesota, is used to illustrate the application of models in decision making. The analysis suggests that the management technique would be of limited effectiveness. In a 2nd example, the change in mallard population in central North Dakota is related to implementing programs to create dense nesting cover with or without supplementary predator control. The analysis suggests that large tracts of land would be required to achieve a hypothetical management objective of increasing harvest by 50% while maintaining a stable population. Less land would be required if predator reduction were used in combination with cover management, but questions about effectiveness and ecological implications of large scale predator reduction remain unresolved. The use of models as a guide to planning research responsive to the needs of management is illustrated.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2307/3800632","usgsCitation":"Cowardin, L., and Johnson, D.H., 1979, Mathematics and mallard management: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 43, no. 1, p. 18-35, https://doi.org/10.2307/3800632.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"35","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133931,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":285181,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3800632"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db610016","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowardin, L.M.","contributorId":106435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85602,"text":"85602 - 1979 - Biotransformation of selected chemicals by fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:02","indexId":"85602","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Biotransformation of selected chemicals by fish","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Pesticide and xenobiotic metabolism in aquatic organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.L., Dawson, V.K., and Hunn, J.B., 1979, Biotransformation of selected chemicals by fish, chap. of Pesticide and xenobiotic metabolism in aquatic organisms, 121-129.","productDescription":"121-129","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a31e4b07f02db617d75","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Khan, M. A. Q.","contributorId":111882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A. Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504548,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lech, J.J.","contributorId":36487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lech","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504546,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menn, J.J.","contributorId":111616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menn","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504547,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. L.","contributorId":49295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunn, J. B.","contributorId":15133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunn","given":"J.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70169241,"text":"70169241 - 1979 - Monitoring seismic wave velocities in situ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-31T16:51:55","indexId":"70169241","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring seismic wave velocities in situ","docAbstract":"

Beginning in the early 1960's, reports from the Soviet Union described travel-time anomalies of 5 to 20 percent preceding large earthquakes. In the early 970's, similar observations began to be reported outside the U.S.S.R. The most convincing were anomalously low values of the velocity ration, Vp/Vs, before four earthquakes of magnitudes 2.5 to 3.3 at Blue Mountain Lake, N.Y.; the anomalies were based on large amounts of high-quality data. In Japan, significant decreases were observed in the travel-time ratio, ts/tp, before two thrust-type earthquakes of magnitudes 6. and 5.3. Finally, there is the much discussed report of an anomaly before the magnitude 6.4 San Fernando, Calif., earthquake of 1971 and the implication that the change was caused principally by a decrease in the velocity of the primary (P) wave.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"McEvilly, T., and Clymer, R., 1979, Monitoring seismic wave velocities in situ: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 214-220.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"214","endPage":"220","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319277,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be47e4b0f59b85e02eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McEvilly, T.V.","contributorId":30631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEvilly","given":"T.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clymer, R.","contributorId":167745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clymer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85600,"text":"85600 - 1979 - Fish diseases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"85600","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fish diseases","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Merck Veterinary Manual","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Merck and Co, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Rahway, NJ","usgsCitation":"Meyer, F.P., 1979, Fish diseases, chap. of The Merck Veterinary Manual, 1247-1262.","productDescription":"1247-1262","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"5th","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f3394","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Siegmund, O.H.","contributorId":112108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siegmund","given":"O.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504544,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, F. P.","contributorId":96207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169258,"text":"70169258 - 1979 - The Parkfield prediction experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:51:08","indexId":"70169258","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Parkfield prediction experiment","docAbstract":"

The San Andreas fault is part of the boundary between the Pacific and North American crustal plates. In California, movements of about 3 centimeters per year are currently taking place along the fault, although plat tectonic models suggest a faster rate of 5 cm/yr may be the average over a longer period of time and a broader area.

\n

There are two distinct ways in which movement  on the San Andreas occurs. Along most of the fault, slip occurs during infrequent great earthquakes. Examples of these in historic time are the 1857 Fort Tejon and the 1906 San Francisco events. Along these portions of the fault, it appears that, during most of the intervening period between great earthquakes, no slip and few microearthquakes occurred. Strain appears to accumulate at shallow depths in a narrow (50 kilometer) zone adjacent to the fault. 

\n

Along a 200-km stretch in central California, however, continuous slip occurs with no observable accumulation of strain. Although there is a high level of microseismicity here, earthquakes larger than magnitude (M) 6 are unknown, and most of the slip occurs aseismically. (Several articles in the Earthquake Information Bulletin in 1978 have covered this topic.)

\n

At the northern end of this creeping zone, the microseismicity and the slip gradually taper to zero over a distance of about 100 km. This segment is the site of frequent earthquakes (every 5-10 years) having magnitudes of 5.5 and less. At the southern end, near the town of Parkfield, the transition occurs in about 40km. This zone is the site of recurring earthquakes of about magnitude 6. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lindh, A., Evans, P., Harsh, P., and Buhr, G., 1979, The Parkfield prediction experiment: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 209-213.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"213","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319262,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.39779663085936,\n 35.94966229235088\n ],\n [\n -120.51109313964844,\n 35.884043325566886\n ],\n [\n -120.29685974121094,\n 35.70916520463913\n ],\n [\n -120.19180297851561,\n 35.78384180056804\n ],\n [\n -120.39779663085936,\n 35.94966229235088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be52e4b0f59b85e02f30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindh, A.","contributorId":41591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindh","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, P.","contributorId":167755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harsh, P.","contributorId":59175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buhr, G.","contributorId":167756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buhr","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":85601,"text":"85601 - 1979 - The role of stress in fish disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"85601","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The role of stress in fish disease","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Principal diseases of farm-raised catfish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Auburn University","publisherLocation":"Auburn, AL","usgsCitation":"Meyer, F.P., 1979, The role of stress in fish disease, chap. of Principal diseases of farm-raised catfish, 7-9.","productDescription":"7-9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae677","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.A.","contributorId":38106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504545,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, F. P.","contributorId":96207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70169260,"text":"70169260 - 1979 - Microearthquake networks and earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T09:08:23","indexId":"70169260","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microearthquake networks and earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"

A microearthquake network is a group of highly sensitive seismographic stations designed primarily to record local earthquakes of magnitudes less than 3. Depending on the application, a microearthquake network will consist of several stations or as many as a few hundred . They are usually classified as either permanent or temporary. In a permanent network, the seismic signal from each is telemetered to a central recording site to cut down on the operating costs and to allow more efficient and up-to-date processing of the data. However, telemetering can restrict the location sites because of the line-of-site requirement for radio transmission or the need for telephone lines. Temporary networks are designed to be extremely portable and completely self-contained so that they can be very quickly deployed. They are most valuable for recording aftershocks of a major earthquake or for studies in remote areas.  

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., and Steward, S.W., 1979, Microearthquake networks and earthquake prediction: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 192-195.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"195","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be45e4b0f59b85e02eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, W.H.K.","contributorId":35303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"W.H.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steward, S. W.","contributorId":167758,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steward","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7674,"text":"ofr791098 - 1979 - Chemical analyses of coal and coal-associated rock samples from the Rosebud and McKay coal beds, Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation, Colstrip coal deposit, Rosebud County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-14T15:03:07.545845","indexId":"ofr791098","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1098","title":"Chemical analyses of coal and coal-associated rock samples from the Rosebud and McKay coal beds, Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation, Colstrip coal deposit, Rosebud County, Montana","docAbstract":"

As part of a continuing program by the U.S. Geological Survey to collect and chemically analyze representative samples of U.S. coals, 61 coal and coal-associated rock samples were collected from the Rosebud and McKay beds in the Paleocene Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation in Rosebud County, Montana. This area is located in the Montana part of the Powder River region, specifically within the Coistrip coal deposit as defined by Matson and Blumer, 1974. Forty of the samples (36 coal and 4 coal-associated rock) are from the Rosebud bed and 21 samples (all coal) are from the McKay bed. The McKay bed is between 5.5 and 18.6 m. below the Rosebud bed. The samples were collected from the Big Sky Mine and from 13 core holes in sec. 1, 2, and 27, T. 1 N., R. 41 E.; sec. 23 and 35, T. 2 N., R. 41 E.; and in sec. 1, 3, 5, 9, 15, and 16, T. 1 N., R. 40 E. The location of the sample collection area is shown in figure 1. Brief descriptions of all 61 samples are listed in table 1 and locations of sampling sites are shown in figure 2.

Estimated strippable coal resources for the Rosebud bed in this area exceed 1,305 metric tons (1,439 million short tons) (Matson and Blumer, 1974). There are currently no estimates of coal resources for the McKay bed from this area.

Analyses of samples D172034 through D172051 have previously been published in Swanson and others (1976) and are included here in order to provide a more complete data listing. For additional information on sulfur and trace element contents in the Rosebud and McKay coal beds, see Chadwick, Woodriff and others (1975) and Chadwick, Rice and others (1975).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791098","usgsCitation":"Affolter, R.H., and Hatch, J.R., 1979, Chemical analyses of coal and coal-associated rock samples from the Rosebud and McKay coal beds, Tongue River Member of the Fort Union Formation, Colstrip coal deposit, Rosebud County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1098, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791098.","productDescription":"44 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":403749,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":141333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Rosebud County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.7,\n 45.8\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 45.8\n ],\n [\n -106.5,\n 45.9\n ],\n [\n -106.7,\n 45.9\n ],\n [\n -106.7,\n 45.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Affolter, Ronald H. affolter@usgs.gov","contributorId":659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Affolter","given":"Ronald","email":"affolter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":165,"text":"Central Energy Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":156411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatch, Joseph R. 0000-0001-9257-0278 jrhatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-0278","contributorId":722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Joseph","email":"jrhatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":156412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70169247,"text":"70169247 - 1979 - Electrical measurements as stress-strain monitors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-05T15:00:27","indexId":"70169247","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Electrical measurements as stress-strain monitors","docAbstract":"

Many of the measurements of phyiscal properties being made in earthquake prediction studies are based on the premise that these properties are influenced by stresses and strains, especially so near the failure point. Electrical properties of rocks are controlled by the fluid in the pores and cracks in the rocks. Because these regions are most influenced by stresses, one should expect electrical measurements to be sensitive measures of changing stresses and strains. Nevertheless, the strain changes we are dealing with are very small, and, consequently, we need very sensitive instruments to detect them.  

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Madden, T.R., 1979, Electrical measurements as stress-strain monitors: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 1, p. 4-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f3be41e4b0f59b85e02e78","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madden, T. R.","contributorId":167750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Madden","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":623388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":9684,"text":"ofr79433 - 1979 - Derivation of linearized constitutive equations for plane-strain of an elastic-plastic (strain hardening) material","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-21T15:14:29.777724","indexId":"ofr79433","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-433","title":"Derivation of linearized constitutive equations for plane-strain of an elastic-plastic (strain hardening) material","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this report is to derive several of the basic equations for a paper on folding and folding of idealized rock (Johnson, 1979). That paper is based on constitutive equations for an ideal, strain-hardening material defined by Hill (1950, p. 30) and generalized to include Coulomb behavior and dilatancy by Rudnicki and Rice (1975). The most attractive feature of the theory is that folding and faulting, which are intimately related in nature, are different responses of the same material to different boundary conditions. In the paper by Johnson (1979) it is shown that single layers of sedimentary rocks are unlikely to fold, rather they will fault, because of low contrasts in elasticity and strength properties of sedimentary rocks such as layers of dolomite, limestone, sandstone, or siltstone in media of shale. Further, multi-layers of these same rocks will fault rather than fold if contacts are bonded, but they will fold readily if contacts between layers are frictionless, or have low yield strengths, for example due to high pore-water pressure. These conclusions are based on solutions of the equations presented in the following pages, using experimental stress-strain curves for various rock types.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr79433","usgsCitation":"Johnson, A.M., 1979, Derivation of linearized constitutive equations for plane-strain of an elastic-plastic (strain hardening) material: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-433, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr79433.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0433/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":404224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/0433/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab1e4b07f02db66ded9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Arvid M.","contributorId":99547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Arvid","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":160120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2001081,"text":"2001081 - 1979 - Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine): efficacy as an anesthetic for five species of freshwater fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:02","indexId":"2001081","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":39,"text":"Investigations in Fish Control","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"87","title":"Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine): efficacy as an anesthetic for five species of freshwater fish","docAbstract":"Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (benzocaine) was tested for its efficacy as an anesthetic for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii, brown trout (Salmo truttas, northern pike (Esox lucius). carp (Cyprinus carpio), and largemouth bass (Mieropterus salmoidesi. Since benzocaine is not water soluble, it was applied with acetone as a carrier. Concentrations of 100 to 200 mg!l were required for large adult northern pike, compared with 50 to 100 mg/l for small fish. Rates of sedation and recovery were slower in cold water than in warm water. Water hardness had little influence on the activity of benzocaine. Fish were anesthetized faster and recovered more slowly in acid than in alkaline water. Benzocaine produced deep anesthesia, but concentrations that rendered the fish handleable within 5 min were generally not safe for exposures longer than 15 min. Concentrations of benzocaine efficacious for fish were not acutely toxic to eggs of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshauiytschas, rainbow trout, brown trout, or lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Benzocaine is not registered for fishery use and is neither more effective nor safer than the registered anesthetic, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222l.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"La Crosse, WI","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., and Gilderhus, P., 1979, Ethyl-p-aminobenzoate (Benzocaine): efficacy as an anesthetic for five species of freshwater fish: Investigations in Fish Control 87, 5.","productDescription":"5","startPage":"0","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198013,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilderhus, P.A.","contributorId":60156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilderhus","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":37360,"text":"ssrw216 - 1979 - Environmental pollutants and eggshell thickness: Anhingas and wading birds in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-19T13:40:37","indexId":"ssrw216","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":83,"text":"Special Scientific Report - Wildlife","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"216","title":"Environmental pollutants and eggshell thickness: Anhingas and wading birds in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ohlendorf, H.M., Klaas, E.E., and Kaiser, T.E., 1979, Environmental pollutants and eggshell thickness: Anhingas and wading birds in the eastern United States: Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 216, 94 p.","productDescription":"94 p.","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":167106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 25.24469595130604\n ],\n [\n -70.4443359375,\n 49.1242192485914\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 49.1242192485914\n ],\n [\n -97.470703125,\n 25.24469595130604\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db60226b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohlendorf, Harry M.","contributorId":60291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlendorf","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":101219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaiser, T. Earl","contributorId":84826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaiser","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Earl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":217929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168611,"text":"70168611 - 1979 - The Survey’s first venture into seismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T16:52:02","indexId":"70168611","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Survey’s first venture into seismology","docAbstract":"

The occurrence of two small but widely felt earthquakes in the Eastern United States in 1884 led an editor of the research journal Science to suggest, in the October 3 issue of the magazine, that an \"earthquake club\" be formed. Its purpose was so that observers and students of \"this branch of physical geography\" could become acquainted with each other and thus insure the proper collection and collation of their observations. Because this was its intent, he though the club should be \"unembarrassed by formal regulations\"; consequently, there is no record of whether such an organziation ever existed. But the other suggestion, thata of collecting earthquake records was acted on promptly.  

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Rabbitt, M.C., 1979, The Survey’s first venture into seismology: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 2, p. 50-52.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c5fe4b059daa47c9b0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rabbitt, M. C.","contributorId":115566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rabbitt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162339,"text":"70162339 - 1979 - New host and geographical records for the leech Acanthobdella peledina Grube 1851 (Hirudinea, Acanthobdellidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-21T15:03:14","indexId":"70162339","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2414,"text":"Journal of Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New host and geographical records for the leech Acanthobdella peledina Grube 1851 (Hirudinea, Acanthobdellidae)","docAbstract":"

A total of four leeches (Acanthobdella peledina), parasitizing four specimens of the least cisco (Coregonus sardinella), were found during July and August 1977. The hosts and parasites were collected during a fishery survey by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the North Slope waters of Naval Petroleum Reserve, Alaska. Two host fishes were collected from the Chipp River (70035' latitude, 155012' longitude) and two from an unnamed, landlocked lake (69054' latitude, 153o23' longitude). The Chipp River collection site is about 130 km southeast of Barrow, and the unnamed lake about 200 km southeast of Barrow. The leeches, which were fixed in situ with neutral formalin, appeared to have penetrated the integument and were embedded in subcutaneous tissues and white muscle at the base of the pelvic fins. The specimens were cylindrical and about 23 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. Color before fixation was olive-green. The five anterior segments each had four pairs of hooked setae at the ventral surface. Our identification was based on a description in Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya et al., 1962, Key to parasites of freshwater fish of the USSR (Transl. from Russian), NTIS TT-64-11040.

","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.2307/3280268","usgsCitation":"Hauck, A.K., Fallon, M.J., and Burger, C.V., 1979, New host and geographical records for the leech Acanthobdella peledina Grube 1851 (Hirudinea, Acanthobdellidae): Journal of Parasitology, v. 65, no. 6, p. 989-989, https://doi.org/10.2307/3280268.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"989","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4ce4b0961cf2811c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hauck, A. K.","contributorId":152417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hauck","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fallon, Michael J.","contributorId":152418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fallon","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burger, Carl V.","contributorId":152419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burger","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162275,"text":"70162275 - 1979 - Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-19T16:39:14","indexId":"70162275","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2976,"text":"Ozone: Science and Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent","docAbstract":"

Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were determined in three types of freshwater at 20 C for the destruction of the fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida the etiologic agent of furunculosis, and Yersinia ruckeri the enteric redmouth bacterium (ERM). Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were also obtained in the same water types at 10 C for the fish pathogenic viruses infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHNV), and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPNV). Acute toxicity tests using the rainbow trout as a representative salmonid revealed that ozone was highly toxic at the dose levels used. Partial chronic (3. mo.) testing revealed that ozone exposure at 2 μg/L causes only minimal physiological changes, none of which would be expected to compromise biological function.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01919512.1979.10684566","usgsCitation":"Wedemeyer, G.A., Nelson, N.C., and Yasutake, T., 1979, Potentials and limits for the use of ozone as a fish disease control agent: Ozone: Science and Engineering, v. 1, no. 4, p. 295-318, https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.1979.10684566.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"295","endPage":"318","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":314506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"569f6c49e4b0961cf27fd1bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wedemeyer, Gary A.","contributorId":30668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wedemeyer","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Nancy C.","contributorId":152336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yasutake, T.","contributorId":152372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yasutake","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168604,"text":"70168604 - 1979 - Earthquake studies on Canada’s west coast; Pacific Geoscience Centre","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-14T08:49:52","indexId":"70168604","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquake studies on Canada’s west coast; Pacific Geoscience Centre","docAbstract":"

On a global scale, Canada's west coast lies within the zone of a seismicity that stretches around the Pacific Ocean. In plate tectonic terms, it is dominated by the same right-lateral shearing between the Pacific and American plates that is responsible for the seismicity of California. However, in southern British Columbia the interaction is further complicated. Between the San Andreas fault in California and the Queen Charlotte fault off British Columbia, the Pacific and American plates are separated by the small independent Juan de Fuca plate system. This is spreading away from the Pacific plate and converging with the margin of the Pacific Northwest. The resulting Cascade volcanic chain and its extension into southern British Columbia are the topograhic expression of its subduction. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Rogers, G.C., and Riddihough, R.P., 1979, Earthquake studies on Canada’s west coast; Pacific Geoscience Centre: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 5, p. 175-179.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"179","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Pacific coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ],\n [\n -121.904296875,\n 49.210420445650286\n ],\n [\n -126.474609375,\n 52.53627304145948\n ],\n [\n -129.990234375,\n 55.178867663281984\n ],\n [\n -133.857421875,\n 54.16243396806779\n ],\n [\n -132.099609375,\n 51.39920565355378\n ],\n [\n -126.38671874999999,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -124.45312499999999,\n 48.45835188280866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c50e4b059daa47c9aba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, G. C.","contributorId":167100,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riddihough, Robin P.","contributorId":51150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riddihough","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70168591,"text":"70168591 - 1979 - Soviet prediction of a major earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T15:01:11","indexId":"70168591","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soviet prediction of a major earthquake","docAbstract":"

On November 1, 1978, a magnitude 7 earthquake occurred north of the Pamir Mountains near the Tadjiskistan-Kirghizia border, 150 kilometers east of Garm in Soviet Central Asia. Although the earthquake was felt in Tashkent, Dushanbe, and the Fergana Valley, the epicentral area was uninhabited at that time of year, and no damage was reported. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Simpson, D., 1979, Soviet prediction of a major earthquake: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 234-235.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"234","endPage":"235","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318209,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c99c54e4b059daa47c9afb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, D.W.","contributorId":44152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}