{"pageNumber":"5171","pageRowStart":"129250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165485,"records":[{"id":70184462,"text":"70184462 - 1979 - Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:36:01","indexId":"70184462","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2881,"text":"North American Bird Bander","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns","docAbstract":"San Francisco Bay, California, including its fringing marshes, supports a large and diverse water related avifauna (Grinnell and Wythe 19271 Sibley 1952, Gill 1973, 1977). Certain of man's alterations of the Bay's shallower wetlands have resulted in increased habitat diversity which has allowed colonization by several species of birds including some colonial nesting species. The extensive dikes associated with salt production and some areas of higher ground created by dredge spoils have provided increased tide-free substratum, some of it insular, suitable for nesting. The resulting numbers of Snowy Egrets (Egretta thula), Black-crowned Night Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax), Forster's Terns (Sterna forsteri), and Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) using these areas now represent a significant portion of the northern California breeding populations of these species.
In conjunction with a study of the breeding birds of the South San Francisco Bay Estuary (Gill 1973, 1977) from 1971 to 1973, we banded 187 Great Blue Herons (Ardea herodias), 1499 Snowy Egrets, 1615 Black-crowned Night Herons, 2943 Forster's Terns, and 743 Caspian Terns; often this represented a substantial portion of these species banded in the western states during these years (Table 1). Recoveries from these bandings through 1977 plus additional recoveries from a few earlier and some more recent bandings provide the data for this report on dispersal patterns and migration of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Western, Inland, and Eastern Bird Banding Associations","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Mewaldt, L., 1979, Dispersal and migratory patterns of San Francisco Bay produced herons, egrets, and terns: North American Bird Bander, v. 4, no. 1, p. 4-13.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337239,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.westernbirdbanding.org/publications_NABB.html","text":"Journal's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c277fae4b014cc3a3e7712","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mewaldt, L. Richard","contributorId":187768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mewaldt","given":"L. Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185096,"text":"70185096 - 1979 - Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:35:48","indexId":"70185096","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat","docAbstract":"The Tufted Puffin (Lunda cirrhata) apparently has the most extensive breeding distribution of any North Pacific seabird, extending in the western North Pacific from Hokkaido to the north Chukotsk Peninsula on the Chukchi Sea, and in North America from Cape Lisburne on the Chukchi Sea, south to the Farallon Islands off central California (Udvardy 1963). Despite this wide breeding distribution, the reported nesting habitat is generally restricted to steep, rocky islands and continental headlands (see Dement’ev and Gladkov 1951, Kozlova 1957, Gabrielson and Lincoln 1959, Portenko 1973, Sealy 1973, and Sowls et al. 1978). Nests are typically excavated in steep slopes and/or on vegetated plateaus, well above normal tidal influence but occasionally within the spray or storm-wash zone. Nowhere has L. cirrhata or any other puffin species been reported to nest in a flat, estuarine habitat in substrate normally affected by tides during the breeding season. Portenko (1973: 137) refers to Tufted Puffins breeding on Alyumka Island in the Anadyr \"estuary\" (64°40'N, 177°37'E), but Alyumka Island is a rocky coastal island having immediate offshore waters between 3-18 m deep (A.A. Kistchinski, The Ringing Center, Moscow, and George Tyner, U.S. Defense Mapping Agency, pers. comm.).
During the summers of 1976, 1977, and 1978, we found 14-18 pairs of Tufted Puffins nesting on 4 narrow sand islands (5-7 ha each) along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula at Nelson Lagoon (56°00'N, 161°10'W). As of June 1979, 25 active burrows had been reported there (Margaret R. Petersen, pers. comm.). The islands lie approximately 1.3 km from the Bering Sea coast and are protected from the sea by a long, narrow (0.5 kin) sand peninsula. The main deepwater channel in the lagoon, 3-7 m deep and 100-300 m wide at mean low water (MLW), separates the islands from the peninsula. The islands, which are free of permafrost, have a uniformly low profile with the highest elevation 1-2 m above mean high water (MHW) (Fig. 1). Each island is circumscribed by a gently sloping (<5°), narrow (5-15 m) sand/gravel beach that graduates at MLW to intertidal mud- and sandflats. These are extensive on the south and southeast sides (several hundred m) and relatively narrow (10-20 m) on the north and northwest or channel sides. The banks of each island are moderate to near vertical in slope. Puffin burrows face the channel, are located at or near the vegetation/beach interface, and extend into the bank horizontally or slightly downward. Beach rye (Elymus arenarius mollis) grows over most of each island and is used as nesting cover by several hundred Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) and lesser numbers of Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima v-nigra). Predation by gulls on puffin eggs or chicks was not observed, nor did we see gulls rob food from adult puffins returning to their burrows from foraging in the Bering Sea (cf. Nettleship 1972). Puffins were never observed feeding in the lagoon.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Sanger, G.A., 1979, Tufted Puffins nesting in estuarine habitat: The Auk, v. 96, no. 4, p. 792-794.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"794","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337555,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://americanornithologypubs.org/page/access","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Nelson Lagoon","volume":"96","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanger, Gerald A.","contributorId":10660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanger","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":684342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33580,"text":"b1486 - 1979 - Upper Paleozoic carbonate bank in east-central Idaho: Snaky Canyon, Bluebird Mountain, and Arco Hills Formations, and their paleotectonic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-29T18:45:14.09972","indexId":"b1486","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1486","title":"Upper Paleozoic carbonate bank in east-central Idaho: Snaky Canyon, Bluebird Mountain, and Arco Hills Formations, and their paleotectonic significance","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1486","usgsCitation":"Skipp, B., Hoggan, R.D., Schleicher, D.L., and Douglass, R.C., 1979, Upper Paleozoic carbonate bank in east-central Idaho: Snaky Canyon, Bluebird Mountain, and Arco Hills Formations, and their paleotectonic significance: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1486, iii, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1486.","productDescription":"iii, 78 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":61464,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1486/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":163030,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1486/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":420253,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92700.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 43.411\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 43.411\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -114,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a24e4b07f02db60e61c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skipp, Betty","contributorId":51268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Betty","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoggan, R. D.","contributorId":104954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoggan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schleicher, D. L.","contributorId":86009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schleicher","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Douglass, R. C.","contributorId":43827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglass","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":211588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":61249,"text":"mf1174 - 1979 - Maps showing bedrock topography of Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-11T20:39:35.786524","indexId":"mf1174","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1174","title":"Maps showing bedrock topography of Lake Superior","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf1174","usgsCitation":"Wold, R.J., 1979, Maps showing bedrock topography of Lake Superior: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 1174, 1 Plate: 42.88 x 40.31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf1174.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 42.88 x 40.31 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405099,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1174/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":186905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/1174/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"600000","country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.320068359375,\n 46.50973514453876\n ],\n [\n 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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr791400","usgsCitation":"Dames & Moore, 1979, Coal resource occurrence and coal development potential maps of the southeast quarter of the Citadel Plateau 15-minute quadrangle, Moffat County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1400, Report: iii, 26 p.; 4 Plates: 28.56 x 22.50 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791400.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 26 p.; 4 Plates: 28.56 x 22.50 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":420177,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_75105.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":76326,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1400/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":76325,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1400/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":76324,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1400/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":76323,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1400/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":76322,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1400/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171000,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1400/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Moffat County","otherGeospatial":"Citadel Plateau 15-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.125,\n 40.3\n ],\n [\n -108.125,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -108.075,\n 40.25\n ],\n [\n -108.075,\n 40.3\n ],\n [\n -108.125,\n 40.3\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6b006c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dames & Moore","contributorId":127975,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Dames & Moore","id":530312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180323,"text":"70180323 - 1979 - Paleozoic rocks on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180323,"text":"70180323 - 1979 - Paleozoic rocks on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978","indexId":"70180323","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"Paleozoic rocks on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4433,"text":"cir804B - 1979 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978","indexId":"cir804B","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":4433,"text":"cir804B - 1979 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978","indexId":"cir804B","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T11:26:55","indexId":"70180323","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"804-B","title":"Paleozoic rocks on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978","docAbstract":"Two small areas of middle Paleozoic limestone were discovered near Gertrude Creek, 16 km north of Becharof Lake on the Alaska Peninsula, during reconnaissance flying as part of the Alaska Mineral Resource Assessment Program (AMRAP) for the Alaska Peninsula. Previously, the only known occurrence of Paleozoic rocks on the Alaska Peninsula was a small exposure of middle Permian limestone on an island at the entrance to Puale Bay (Hanson, 1957). This is the first reported occurrence of middle Paleozoic rocks in what is considered to be a Mesozoic and Tertiary province.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978 (Circular 804-B)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Arlington, VA","doi":"10.3133/70180323","usgsCitation":"Detterman, R.L., Case, J.E., and Wilson, F.H., 1979, Paleozoic rocks on the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 804-B, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180323.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"B85","endPage":"B86","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1979/0804b/report.pdf#page=95","text":"Start page in larger work"},{"id":334149,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588c6ab2e4b08c8121c909a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Detterman, Robert L.","contributorId":71526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Case, James E.","contributorId":68702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Case","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70181764,"text":"70181764 - 1979 - Histochemistry of leucine aminoaphthylamidase (LAN) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T19:09:36.304717","indexId":"70181764","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histochemistry of leucine aminoaphthylamidase (LAN) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)","docAbstract":"The histochemistry of leucine aminonaphthylamidase (LAN) was studied in frozen tissue sections of rainbow trout both in yearling and adult fish. Age of fish had relatively little effect upon the results. The most intense LAN color production was in epithelial cells of midgut, pyloric ceca, hindgut, and in some segments of kidney tubules. Lower levels of LAN were evident in liver cells of Kupffer, and still lower or slight levels of LAN activity were found in blood cells, muscle, nerve, connective tissue, gonad, and pancreas. The results indicate that LAN might be useful in assessing histotoxicity to LAN‐rich areas of the body.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<57:HOLALI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Bouck, G.R., 1979, Histochemistry of leucine aminoaphthylamidase (LAN) in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 108, no. 1, p. 57-62, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1979)108<57:HOLALI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335267,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"108","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a2d3c4e4b0c82512869a42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bouck, Gerald R.","contributorId":152420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bouck","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":668440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28123,"text":"wri78117 - 1979 - Geohydrology of Brooks, Lowndes, and western Echols Counties, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-25T18:40:40.905324","indexId":"wri78117","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-117","title":"Geohydrology of Brooks, Lowndes, and western Echols Counties, Georgia","docAbstract":"The principal artesian aquifer, a limestone of Eocene to Miocene age, is the main source of water supply for Brooks, Lowndes, and western Echols Counties in south Georgia. Pumpage of about 22 million gallons perday from this prolific aquifer has not posed any problems regarding declining water levels or depletion of the reservoir. However, water-quality problems do occur in the Valdosta area. Seepage-run measurements indicate that the Withlacoochee River north of Valdosta contributes an average of 112 cubic feet per second of water to caverns and sinkholes that recharge the aquifer. Wells near the recharge area withdraw relatively unfiltered water with iron concentration and color intensity exceeding standards for drinking water. South of Valdosta, water from the aquifer contains as much as 3.0 milligrams per liter of hydrogen sulfide, rendering the water unfit for drinking. Water high in sulfate concentration occurs below 550 feet in the lower part of the aquifer in Valdosta, and is assumed to be present at that depth throughout the study area. Generally, sufficient quantities of freshwater can be obtained without drilling to this depth.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Doraville, GA","doi":"10.3133/wri78117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Krause, R., 1979, Geohydrology of Brooks, Lowndes, and western Echols Counties, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 78-117, Report: vi, 48 p.; 8 Plates: 20.81 14.96 inches or smaller; Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri78117.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 48 p.; 8 Plates: 20.81 14.96 inches or smaller; Table","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":279053,"rank":11,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri78117.jpg"},{"id":416316,"rank":12,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35217.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":277893,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-5.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277897,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/table-2.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277896,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-8.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277888,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/report.pdf"},{"id":277894,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-6.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277895,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-7.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277889,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-1.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277890,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-2.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277891,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-3.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277892,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1978/0117/plate-4.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Brooks County, Echols County, Lowndes 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R.E.","contributorId":73210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krause","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27965,"text":"wri7995 - 1979 - Hydrology and water quality in the Nederlo Creek Basin, Wisconsin, before construction of two water-retention structures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-29T19:49:27.118639","indexId":"wri7995","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-95","title":"Hydrology and water quality in the Nederlo Creek Basin, Wisconsin, before construction of two water-retention structures","docAbstract":"The Nederlo Creek basin, in the \"Driftless Area\" of southwest Wisconsin, is geographically and hydrologically similar to other small basins in the area. Topography is rugged, with approximately 400 feet of relief between the boundary ridge tops and the valley floor. The water-retention structures (a dry floodwater- retention structure and a 43-acre reservoir) are to provide recreation and flood protection for the basin.
\nStreamflow, springflow, precipitation, and groundwater levels were monitored at several sites to describe the hydrologic system. Streamflow is fairly constant at base flow, but rapid changes in discharge occur during periods of snowmelt or heavy rain; recession to base-flow discharge following these events is rapid. Surface runoff is a significant contributor to Streamflow only 10 percent of the time.
\nThe mean annual hydrologic budget for water years 1968-72 shows that of the 32.5 inches of precipitation on the basin, 6.4 inches left as runoff and 25.9 inches as evapotranspiration; ground-water storage increased an average of 0.2 inches per year.
\nThe water is a hard calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Concentrations of major constituents in ground water and streams at base flow are similar, but concentrations in the stream generally decrease during periods when surface runoff contributes to Streamflow. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the stream are generally lowest during the summer; nighttime lows are generally between 7 and 8 milligrams per liter and daily maximums between 11 and 12.5 milligrams per liter. Diurnal water-temperature fluctuations of several degrees are common in streams during summer; daily maximum water temperatures as high as 26°C have been measured in some areas, but temperatures this high seldom persist for more than 2 hours. Estimates of mean annual total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads during 1967-74 fall within the ranges of 0.02 to 0.07 and 0.4 to 0.8 tons per square mile, respectively; 70 to 80 percent of the total phosphorus and 35 to 55 percent of the total nitrogen are transported during periods when surface runoff contributes to Streamflow.
\nMean annual suspended-sediment loads during 1968-74 range from 13 to 60 tons per square mile, with 74 to 86 percent of the total transported during periods when surface water contributes to streamflow. These sediment loads are at the low end of the range previously reported for streams in the \"Driftless Area\".
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri7995","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, P.A., and Sherrill, M.G., 1979, Hydrology and water quality in the Nederlo Creek Basin, Wisconsin, before construction of two water-retention structures: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-95, v, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri7995.","productDescription":"v, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414907,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35374.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123633,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0095/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56783,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0095/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Nederlo Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.01554870605469,\n 43.308941276170124\n ],\n [\n -91.01554870605469,\n 43.40429919674392\n ],\n [\n -90.86242675781249,\n 43.40429919674392\n ],\n [\n -90.86242675781249,\n 43.308941276170124\n ],\n [\n -91.01554870605469,\n 43.308941276170124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, Phil A. Jr.","contributorId":85993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"Phil","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":198975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sherrill, Marvin G.","contributorId":91469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrill","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27734,"text":"wri799 - 1979 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Trempealeau-Black River basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-15T18:13:24.76607","indexId":"wri799","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-9","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Trempealeau-Black River basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Lov-flov characteristics of streams in the Trempealeau-Black River \"basin are presented. Included are estimates of low-flow frequency and flow duration at 9 gaging stations, and low-flow frequency characteristics at 20 low-flow partial-record stations and 119 miscellaneous sites.
\nTen equations are provided to estimate low-flow characteristics at ungaged sites and at sites where one \"base-flow discharge measurement is available. The low-flow characteristics determined were the annual minimum T-day mean flow below which the flow will fall on an average of once in 2 years (Qj 2) a>n<3. once in 10 years (Q7 9io)« The equations were determined from multiple-regression analyses that related the low-flow characteristics at gaging stations and low-flow partial-record stations to basin characteristics. Drainage area, soil-infiltration rate, transmissivity, precipitation, snowfall, and base-flow index were the most significant parameters for these analyses.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri799","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Holmstrom, B.K., 1979, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Trempealeau-Black River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 79-9, Report: iv, 79 p.; 4 Plates: 13.00 x 23.25 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri799.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 79 p.; 4 Plates: 13.00 x 23.25 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56577,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0009/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0009/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414241,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35371.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56579,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0009/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56578,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0009/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56580,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1979/0009/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Black River, Trempealeau River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.65869140625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ],\n [\n -92.04345703125,\n 44.19795903948531\n ],\n [\n -91.99951171875,\n 44.11125397357153\n ],\n [\n -91.702880859375,\n 43.992814500489914\n ],\n [\n -91.417236328125,\n 43.88205730390537\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 43.69965122967144\n ],\n [\n -91.241455078125,\n 43.628123412124616\n ],\n [\n -90.977783203125,\n 43.77902662160831\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 44.071800467511565\n ],\n [\n -90.670166015625,\n 44.36313311380771\n ],\n [\n -90.274658203125,\n 44.715513732021336\n ],\n [\n -90.076904296875,\n 44.94924926661153\n ],\n [\n -90.02197265625,\n 45.29034662473615\n ],\n [\n -89.98901367187499,\n 45.390735154248894\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 45.35214524585177\n ],\n [\n -90.71411132812499,\n 45.359865333959746\n ],\n [\n -91.329345703125,\n 45.158800738352134\n ],\n [\n -92.362060546875,\n 44.66865287227321\n ],\n [\n -92.65869140625,\n 44.5278427984555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db6486f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmstrom, B. K.","contributorId":90728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmstrom","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85601,"text":"85601 - 1979 - The role of stress in fish disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:13","indexId":"85601","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The role of stress in fish disease","docAbstract":"Abstract not submitted to date","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Principal diseases of farm-raised catfish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Auburn University","publisherLocation":"Auburn, AL","usgsCitation":"Meyer, F.P., 1979, The role of stress in fish disease, chap. of Principal diseases of farm-raised catfish, 7-9.","productDescription":"7-9","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195884,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae677","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Plumb, J.A.","contributorId":38106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504545,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, F. P.","contributorId":96207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70168583,"text":"70168583 - 1979 - Records of prehistoric earthquakes in sedimentary deposits in lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-12T01:44:07","indexId":"70168583","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Records of prehistoric earthquakes in sedimentary deposits in lakes","docAbstract":"Historic records of earthquakes are too short to allow a true assessment of their recurrence intervals. Methods are needed, therefore, that will enable the seismicity of an area to be evaluated beyond the limit of historic records.
\nOne place where a record of ancient seismic activity might be preserved is in lake sediments. Strong earthquakes often cause a phenomenon in water-saturated sediments known as liquefaction. The seismic shaking tends to reorient the sediment grains into a more compact arrangement. This usually means that the sediment liquefies and is redeposited in a smaller volume; there is an accompanying explusion of water and, in cases of severe shaking, sediment-laden water.
\nDuring a strong earthquake, deformation due to liquefaction may occur in the upper layers of lake sediment. If this deformation is preserved without further deformation as new layers of sediment are deposited in the lake and if one could later find and identify these layers, one would then have a record of prehistoric earthquakes in the lake beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sims, J., 1979, Records of prehistoric earthquakes in sedimentary deposits in lakes: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 228-233.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"228","endPage":"233","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c84acce4b0b3c9ae38109e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Spall, Henry","contributorId":77933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spall","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648561,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Sims, J.","contributorId":167094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sims","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70170321,"text":"70170321 - 1979 - Laboratory experiments and preseismic slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-15T17:23:20","indexId":"70170321","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory experiments and preseismic slip","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Laboratory experiments and preseismic slip: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 11, no. 6, p. 224-227.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"224","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":320111,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571210b3e4b0ef3b7ca643f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":626833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035476,"text":"70035476 - 1979 - Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:57","indexId":"70035476","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip","docAbstract":"The constitutive relations developed in the companion paper are used to model detailed observations of preseismic slip and the onset of unstable slip in biaxial laboratory experiments. The simulations employ a deterministic plane strain finite element model to represent the interactions both within the sliding blocks and between the blocks and the loading apparatus. Both experiments and simulations show that preseismic slip is controlled by initial inhomogeneity of shear stress along the sliding surface relative to the frictional strength. As a consequence of the inhomogeneity, stable slip begins at a point on the surface and the area of slip slowly expands as the external loading increases. A previously proposed correlation between accelerating rates of stable slip and growth of the area of slip is supported by the simulations. In the simulations and in the experiments, unstable slip occurs shortly after a propagating slip event traverses the sliding surface and breaks out at the ends of the sample. In the model the breakout of stable slip causes a sudden acceleration of slip rates. Because of velocity dependency of the constitutive relationship for friction, the rapid acceleration of slip causes a decrease in frictional strength. Instability occurs when the frictional strength decreases with displacement at a rate that exceeds the intrinsic unloading characteristics of the sample and test machine. A simple slider-spring model that does not consider preseismic slip appears to approximate the transition adequately from stable sliding to unstable slip as a function of normal stress, machine stiffness, and surface roughness for small samples. However, for large samples and for natural faults the simulations suggest that the simple model may be inaccurate because it does not take into account potentially large preseismic displacements that will alter the friction parameters prior to instability. Copyright ?? 1979 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02169","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Modeling of rock friction 2. Simulation of preseismic slip, in Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2169-2175, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169.","startPage":"2169","endPage":"2175","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480608,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/jb084ib05p02169","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215137,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02169"},{"id":242915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c17e4b0c8380cd6fa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70035317,"text":"70035317 - 1979 - Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:53","indexId":"70035317","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations","docAbstract":"Direct shear experiments on ground surfaces of a granodiorite from Raymond, California, at normal stresses of ??6 MPa demonstrate that competing time, displacement, and velocity effects control rock friction. It is proposed that the strength of the population of points of contacts between sliding surfaces determines frictional strength and that the population of contacts changes continuously with displacements. Previous experiments demonstrate that the strength of the contacts increases with the age of the contacts. The present experiments establish that a characteristic displacement, proportional to surface roughness, is required to change the population of contacts. Hence during slip the average age of the points of contact and therefore frictional strength decrease as slip velocity increases. Displacement weakening and consequently the potential for unstable slip occur whenever displacement reduces the average age of the contacts. In addition to this velocity dependency, which arises from displacement dependency and time dependency, the experiments also show a competing but transient increase in friction whenever slip velocity increases. Creep of the sliding surface at stresses below that for steady state slip is also observed. Constitutive relationships are developed that permit quantitative simulation of the friction versus displacement data as a function of surface roughness and for different time and velocity histories. Unstable slip in experiments is controlled by these constitutive effects and by the stiffness of the experimental system. It is argued that analogous properties control earthquake instability. Copyright ?? 1979 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","language":"English","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02161","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dieterich, J.H., 1979, Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations, in Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2161-2168, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02161.","startPage":"2161","endPage":"2168","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02161"},{"id":243302,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c16e4b0c8380cd6fa10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dieterich, James H.","contributorId":81614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dieterich","given":"James","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70185089,"text":"70185089 - 1979 - A preliminary assessment of the timing and migration of shorebirds along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:36:15","indexId":"70185089","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5103,"text":"Studies in Avian Biology","printIssn":"0197-9922","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"A preliminary assessment of the timing and migration of shorebirds along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"An intensive study of post-breeding and migrating shorebirds was conducted in 1976 on a major estuary of the Alaska Peninsula at Nelson Lagoon. Twenty species were recorded, eight of them breeding on the study area. Temporal patterns of relative abundance were obtained from aerial and ground censuses. Prominent events in the seasonal southward movements were (a) congregation of non- and post-breeding birds after mid-June, (b) an early migratory peak before early August dominated by Western Sandpipers, Short-billed Dowitchers, Least Sandpipers, and Whimbrels, and (c) a later, much larger peak in late Setember and early October dominated by Dunlins, Rock Sandpipers, Bar-tailed Godwits, and Long-billed Dowitchers. In the five-month period July- November, several hundred thousand shorebirds used the study area as a stopover and/or staging area. The most abundant species was the Dunlin. The area is also critical for such species as the Bar-tailed Godwit, apparently serving as a unique concentration site for this species prior to fall migration.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Shorebirds in Marine Environments (Studies in Avian Biology no. 2)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","usgsCitation":"Gill, R., and Jorgensen, P.D., 1979, A preliminary assessment of the timing and migration of shorebirds along the northcentral Alaska Peninsula, chap. of Shorebirds in Marine Environments (Studies in Avian Biology no. 2): Studies in Avian Biology, v. 2, p. 113-123.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"123","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337543,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337542,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.americanornithology.org/content/studies-avian-biology","text":"Studies in Avian Biology Homepage"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Nelson Lagoon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.69952392578125,\n 55.658996099428364\n ],\n [\n -160.0762939453125,\n 55.658996099428364\n ],\n [\n -160.0762939453125,\n 56.160847254089816\n ],\n [\n -161.69952392578125,\n 56.160847254089816\n ],\n [\n -161.69952392578125,\n 55.658996099428364\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90130e4b0849ce97abd73","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Pitelka, Frank A.","contributorId":58508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitelka","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684307,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jorgensen, Paul D.","contributorId":43871,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jorgensen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012527,"text":"70012527 - 1979 - Worth of data and natural disaster insurance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T12:28:24","indexId":"70012527","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Worth of data and natural disaster insurance","docAbstract":"The Federal Government in the past has provided medical and economic aid to victims of earthquakes and floods. However, regulating the use of hazard-prone areas would probably be more efficient. One way to implement such land use regulation is through the national flood and earthquake insurance program. Because insurance firms base their premium rates on available information, the benefits from additional data used to improve parameter estimates of the probability distribution (governing actual disaster events) can be computed by computing changes in the premiums as a function of additional data. An insurance firm is assumed to set rates so as to trade off penalties of overestimation and underestimation of expected damages. A Bayesian preposterior analysis is applied to determine the worth of additional data, as measured by changes in consumers’ surplus, by examining the effects of changes in premiums as a function of a longer hydrologic record.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR015i006p01763","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Karlinger, M., 1979, Worth of data and natural disaster insurance: Water Resources Research, v. 15, no. 6, p. 1763-1766, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i006p01763.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1763","endPage":"1766","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222727,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1dbe4b08c986b32f5b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlinger, M.R.","contributorId":95039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70035508,"text":"70035508 - 1979 - b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-15T10:17:18","indexId":"70035508","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion","docAbstract":"In this study the tectonic stress along active crustal fault zones is taken to be of the form ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0001.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umu6MIzikkO5ymj%0ANDlW1G0%2F%2BQ%3D%3D\")
, where ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0002.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuiedpqT79PPhK%0AOsNB85uCWA%3D%3D\")
is the average tectonic stress at depth y and Δσp(x, y) is a seismologically observable, essentially random function of both fault plane coordinates; the stress differences arising in the course of crustal faulting are derived from Δσp(x, y). Empirically known frequency of occurrence statistics, moment-magnitude relationships, and the constancy of earthquake stress drops may be used to infer that the number of earthquakes N of dimension ≥r is of the form N ∼ 1/r2 and that the spectral composition of Δσp(x, y) is of the form ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0003.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umusANOiMJ6380O%0AqOQppeWKzQ%3D%3D\")
, where ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0004.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuGlAzWdjz2K3Q%0AG1y6nb%2F%2FjA%3D%3D\")
is the two-dimensional Fourier transform of Δσp(x, y) expressed in radial wave number k. The γ = 2 model of the far-field shear wave displacement spectrum is consistent with the spectral composition ![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0005.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umunzw%2FWHTH5Y0K%0AFHvdyv0N%2Fw%3D%3D\")
, provided that the number of contributions to the spectral representation of the radiated field at frequency ƒ goes as (k/k0)2, consistent with the quasi-static frequency of occurrence relation N ∼ 1/r2;k0 is a reference wave number associated with the reciprocal source dimension. Separately, a variety of seismologic observations suggests that the γ = 2 model is the one generally, although certainly not always, applicable to the high-frequency spectral decay of the far-field radiation of earthquakes. In this framework, then, b values near 1, the general validity of the γ = 2 model, and the constancy of earthquake stress drops independent of size are all related to the average spectral composition of![\"inline](\"http://api.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/asset/v1/doi/10.1029%2FJB084iB05p02235/asset/equation%2Fjgrb2891-math-0006.gif?l=Cgg2pVVsCMwLOww28sbn56fxTbx6GilFBMCsUrZMoRcYP%2B9NZI%2F0t%2B3p7VO59umuaobXgGTYfS%2Fs%0AAwMugfb30g%3D%3D\")
. Should one of these change as a result of premonitory effects leading to failure, as has been specifically proposed for b values, it seems likely that one or all of the other characteristics will change as well from their normative values. Irrespective of these associations, the far-field, high-frequency shear radiation for the γ = 2 model in the presence of anelastic attenuation may be interpreted as band-limited, finite duration white noise in acceleration. Its rms value, arms, is given by the expression arms = 0.85[21/2(2π)2/106] (Δσ/ρR)(ƒmax/ƒ0)1/2, where Δσ is the earthquake stress drop, ρ is density, R is hypocentral distance, ƒ0 is the spectral corner frequency, and ƒmax is determined by R and specific attenuation 1/Q. For several reasons, one of which is that it may be estimated in the absence of empirically defined ground motion correlations, arms holds considerable promise as a measure of high-frequency strong ground motion for engineering purposes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/JB084iB05p02235","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., 1979, b values and ω−γ seismic source models: Implications for tectonic stress variations along active crustal fault zones and the estimation of high-frequency strong ground motion, v. 84, no. B5, p. 2235-2242, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02235.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2235","endPage":"2242","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216334,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB05p02235"}],"volume":"84","issue":"B5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ef79e4b0c8380cd4a26e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045412,"text":"70045412 - 1979 - Maps for America: Cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-01T09:34:13","indexId":"70045412","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Maps for America: Cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others","docAbstract":"This book was first conceived as being devoted entirely to descriptions of the maps produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. As the project developed, however, it became clear that the story of maps is not complete unless\nit is properly set in the background of the American mapping effort as a whole. Extension of the scope of the book does not preclude placing emphasis on the Geological Survey mapping program, which is treated in full while other programs are treated only in sufficient detail to provide leads for exploring them elsewhere.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70045412","usgsCitation":"Thompson, M., 1979, Maps for America: Cartographic products of the U.S. Geological Survey and others, xiv, 265 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70045412.","productDescription":"xiv, 265 p.","numberOfPages":"288","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272724,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045412/report.pdf"},{"id":270915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045412/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"516d216ce4b0411d430a8a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Morris M.","contributorId":21288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Morris M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":477463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045277,"text":"70045277 - 1979 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:19:47","indexId":"70045277","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1977","docAbstract":"The need for disseminating current information on activities in the field of sedimentation was proposed by the Chairman of the Federal Interagency River Basin Committee's Subcommittee on Sedimentation shortly after the subcommittee was formed in May 1946. At the fifth meeting of the subcommittee on September 17, 1946, the members approved this proposal and agreed to the issuance of a quarterly report as one means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of sedimentation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1979, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1977, vi, 414 p.","productDescription":"vi, 414 p.","numberOfPages":"450","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","temporalEnd":"1977-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":272704,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045277/report.pdf"},{"id":270657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045277/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5163e6eae4b0b7010f82017a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70176028,"text":"70176028 - 1979 - Records of ground-water recharge and discharge for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-77","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T16:26:49","indexId":"70176028","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5177,"text":"Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"37","title":"Records of ground-water recharge and discharge for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-77","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Maclay, R., and Rappmund, R.A., 1979, Records of ground-water recharge and discharge for the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, 1934-77: Edwards Underground Water District Bulletin 37, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327756,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57bd73eee4b03fd6b7df2d7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maclay, R.W.","contributorId":72804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maclay","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rappmund, R. A.","contributorId":173985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rappmund","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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