In The Geysers-Clear Lake area of northern California, a fragmented Upper Jurassic ophiolite overlain depositionally by the Great Valley sequence is juxtaposed over deformed and metomorphosed rocks of the Franciscan assemblage along the Coast Range thrust. The basal strata of the Great Valley sequence consist of thick breccias of mafic clasts, identical in composition to the upper part of the ophiolite. These breccias and their contact relations suggest that more than 1 km of the upper part of the ophiolite was locally eroded in early Tithonian time. On the basis of their radiolarian faunas, cherts in the Franciscan assemblage below the ophiolite range in age from Late Jurassic (early Tithonian) to Late Cretaceous (early Cenomanian). Of particular significance is an individual chert body (= The Geysers chert) of this age range. The early Cenomanian radiolarians, except for two occurrences associated with pelagic limestone, are significantly younger than those previously reported from the Franciscan assemblage. The existence of a sequence of Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous radiolarian chert places critical constraints on subduction models for emplacement of the Franciscan assemblage beneath the Coast Range ophiolite and Great Valley sequence in The Geysers-Clear Lake area. From early Tithonian to post-early Cenomanian time, the Franciscan assemblage received pelagic sedimentation far from any site of subduction. By other data, blueschist metamorphism of subducted Franciscan strata also occurred during this time. The radiolarian data from The Geysers area permit a correlation with Upper Cretaceous pelagic limestones in the Laytonville area northwest of The Geysers and also imply that the Great Valley sequence was never depositionally in contact with the Franciscan assemblage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"McLaughlin, R.J., and Pessagno, E., 1978, Significance of age relations above and below upper jurassic ophiolite in the Geysers-Clear Lake region, California: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 715-726.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"715","endPage":"726","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Geysers-Clear Lake region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ],\n [\n -124.34326171874999,\n 41.85319643776675\n ],\n [\n -124.16748046874999,\n 41.50857729743935\n ],\n [\n -124.18945312500001,\n 41.16211393939692\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.58058466412764\n ],\n [\n -124.51904296875,\n 40.27952566881291\n ],\n [\n -124.27734374999999,\n 40.094882122321174\n ],\n [\n -124.03564453125,\n 39.8928799002948\n ],\n [\n -123.96972656249999,\n 39.53793974517628\n ],\n [\n -123.99169921875,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -123.662109375,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -123.28857421875,\n 38.28993659801203\n ],\n [\n -123.11279296875001,\n 37.97884504049713\n ],\n [\n -122.84912109375,\n 37.77071473849609\n ],\n [\n -122.71728515624999,\n 37.52715361723378\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -121.66259765625001,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -121.04736328125,\n 37.38761749978395\n ],\n [\n -120.76171875,\n 37.59682400108367\n ],\n [\n -120.30029296875,\n 38.08268954483802\n ],\n [\n -120.73974609374999,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -121.728515625,\n 40.36328834091583\n ],\n [\n -121.9482421875,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -122.49755859375,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -124.1455078125,\n 41.96765920367816\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b7ae4b0403299f53b20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pessagno, E.A. Jr.","contributorId":69389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pessagno","given":"E.A.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162707,"text":"70162707 - 1978 - Age and composition of igneous rocks, Edna Mountain quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T10:59:35","indexId":"70162707","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Age and composition of igneous rocks, Edna Mountain quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Six pulses of igneous activity ranging in age from Jurassic to Pliocene have been identified in the Edna Mountain quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nev. Porphyritic syenite am! quartz monzonite of Jurassic age (146-164 million years) at Buffalo Mountain are highly potassic through a wide range in SiO2 content from olivine-bearing syenite to quartz-rich monzonite, and their composition contrasts sharply with plutons elsewhere in north-central Nevada. Granodiorite and quartz monzonite plutons of Cretaceous age (88- 106 m.y.) are chemically and mineralogically similar to other calc-alkaline plutons in north-central Nevada. Four episodes of Tertiary volcanism include rhyolite ashflow tuffs and slightly younger andesitic basalt flows and tuffs of Oligocene age, rhyolite vitrophyre of late Miocene age, and olivine basalt flows of Pliocene age. Their age and mineralogical and chemical compositions are similar to other Tertiary volcanic rocks in north-central Nevada.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Erickson, R., Silberman, M.L., and Marsh, S., 1978, Age and composition of igneous rocks, Edna Mountain quadrangle, Humboldt County, Nevada: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 727-743.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"727","endPage":"743","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315046,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Humboldt County","otherGeospatial":"Edna Mountain quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.5,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 40.75\n ],\n [\n -117.5,\n 40.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b45e4b0403299f539c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Ralph L.","contributorId":51599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Ralph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Silberman, Miles L.","contributorId":23947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silberman","given":"Miles","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marsh, S.P.","contributorId":32913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162702,"text":"70162702 - 1978 - Solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media - Part 1, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solubilities to 100°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:09:33","indexId":"70162702","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media - Part 1, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solubilities to 100°C","docAbstract":"A modified visual method for determining the solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media up to 100° C is presented. The solubilities of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 were determined up to 100° C. The tabulated experimental data and the fitted equations describing the data indicate that the previous literature data for the solubility of these salts were generally high by 0.05 to 2.0 weight percent salt.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Potter, R.W., and Clynne, M.A., 1978, Solubility of highly soluble salts in aqueous media - Part 1, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, Na2SO4, and K2SO4 solubilities to 100°C: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 701-705.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"705","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315038,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 BM","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b80e4b0403299f53b35","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Potter, Robert W. II","contributorId":67899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potter","given":"Robert","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clynne, Michael A. 0000-0002-4220-2968 mclynne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-2968","contributorId":2032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clynne","given":"Michael","email":"mclynne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162710,"text":"70162710 - 1978 - Pressure gradients and boiling as mechanisms for localizing ore in porphyry systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:18:39","indexId":"70162710","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pressure gradients and boiling as mechanisms for localizing ore in porphyry systems","docAbstract":"Fluid inclusions in ore zones of porphyry systems indicate that extensive boiling of hydrothermal fluids accompanies deposition of ore and gangue minerals. The boiling commonly accompanied a change from a lithostatic to a hydrostatic environment during evolution of an epizonal stock. Pressure gradients near the margin of the stock can determine whether ore or only a diffuse zone of mineralization is formed. A sharp drop in pressure in an epizonal environment is more likely to cause extensive boiling than a comparable change in a deeper environment, as the slope of the boiling curve steepens with an increase 'in pressure. The drop in pressure causes the hydrothermal fluids to boil and creates a crackle (stockwork) breccia, which hosts the veinlets of gangue quartz and ore minerals. The boiling selectively partitions CO2, H2S, and HCl into the vapor phase, changing the pH, composition, ionic strength, and thus the solubility product of metal complexes in the remaining liquid and causing the ore and gangue to come out of solution. Fluid inclusions trapped from boiling solutions can exhibit several forms, depending on the physical and chemical conditions of the hydrothermal fluid from which they were trapped. In one case, inclusions when heated can homogenize to either liquid or vapor at the same temperature, which is the true boiling temperature. In another case, homogenization of various inclusions can occur through a range of temperatures. The latter case results from the trapping of mixture of liquid and vapor. Variations in salinity can result from boiling of the hydrothermal fluid, or intermittent incorporation of high-salinity fluids from the magma, or trapping of fluids of varying densities at pressure-temperature conditions above the critical point of the fluid. In places, paleopressure-temperature transition zones can be recognized by fluid-inclusion homogenization temperatures and phase relationships and by the presence of anhydrite daughter minerals. Boiling of a hydrothermal fluid in the porphyry environment affects light stable isotopes. Hydrogen is preferentially fractionated into the vapor phase from water boiling below 223°C; above this temperature deuterium is selectively enriched in the vapor phase. In certain environments boiling creates a vapor-dominated system in which the condensate is swept away by meteoric waters and the H/D in the residual fluids is progressively increased through time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Cunningham, C.G., 1978, Pressure gradients and boiling as mechanisms for localizing ore in porphyry systems: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 745-754.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"745","endPage":"754","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315050,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","city":"Bingham","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.19547271728516,\n 40.48429842982662\n ],\n [\n -112.19547271728516,\n 40.56598102500838\n ],\n [\n -112.1000289916992,\n 40.56598102500838\n ],\n [\n -112.1000289916992,\n 40.48429842982662\n ],\n [\n -112.19547271728516,\n 40.48429842982662\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b75e4b0403299f53b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cunningham, Charles G.","contributorId":85940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162721,"text":"70162721 - 1978 - Upper Devonian radiolarians separated from chert of the Ford Lake Shale, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:02:05","indexId":"70162721","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Upper Devonian radiolarians separated from chert of the Ford Lake Shale, Alaska","docAbstract":"Leaching of black bedded chert from the Ford Lake Shale, Kandik Basin, Alaska, with dilute hydrofluoric acid resulted in the complete separation of moderately well preserved radiolarians. Preliminary study of an assemblage obtained from the lower half of the formation revealed six to eight forms apparently identical to specimens previously known from the Tournaisian of southern France and northwestern Turkey, including four genera not previously described from North America. Sparse, poorly preserved conodonts in the same sample are of Late Devonian age. We conclude that certain radiolarian species, hitherto known only from the early Carboniferous, span the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. The radiolarian assemblage of the Ford Lake Shale sample contrasts markedly with Late Devonian assemblages known from the Canol Shale of northern Canada and the Huron Member of the Ohio Shale; the Ford Lake Shale fauna may reflect greater oceanic influences than these other localities, which lie farther inland from the Devonian continental margin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Holdsworth, B.K., Jones, D.L., and Allison, C., 1978, Upper Devonian radiolarians separated from chert of the Ford Lake Shale, Alaska: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 775-788.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"788","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315070,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315069,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Ford Lake Shale, Kandik Basin, Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -141.5,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -141.5,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 65\n ],\n [\n -141,\n 64.75\n ],\n [\n -141.5,\n 64.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b89e4b0403299f53b82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holdsworth, Brian K.","contributorId":75571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holdsworth","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allison, C.","contributorId":89842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70162722,"text":"70162722 - 1978 - A reexamination of the Pennsylvanian trace fossil Olivellites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:13:35","indexId":"70162722","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A reexamination of the Pennsylvanian trace fossil Olivellites","docAbstract":"The original interpretation of Olivellites plummeri Fenton and Fenton as the trace of an infaunal gastropod, is reconsidered and rejected. The original slab bearing several examples of O. plummeri has been reexamined and reillustrated. The slab came from the type-locality of O. plummeri in Eastland County, Tex., and is a shallow sub tidal sandstone of the Graham Formation; the sandstone, which has yielded additional specimens, is presumably a reworked delta-front deposit. Olivellites was also observed in the Caddo Creek Formation in Stephens County, Tex., but, to date, it has not been found elsewhere in north-central Texas. Interpretation of Paleozoic ichnofossils by analogy with modern traces is limited; behavioral characteristics may be the products of post-Paleozoic innovation. The internal morphology and path of Olivellites are unlike those of any modern gastropod trail, and the genus is removed from the Mollusca.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Yochelson, E.L., and Schindel, D.E., 1978, A reexamination of the Pennsylvanian trace fossil Olivellites: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 789-796.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"789","endPage":"796","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315071,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Eastland County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -98.96312713623045,\n 32.32485582675006\n ],\n [\n -98.96312713623045,\n 32.43822086674334\n ],\n [\n -98.8275146484375,\n 32.43822086674334\n ],\n [\n -98.8275146484375,\n 32.32485582675006\n ],\n [\n -98.96312713623045,\n 32.32485582675006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b44e4b0403299f539b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yochelson, Ellis L.","contributorId":90802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yochelson","given":"Ellis","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schindel, David E.","contributorId":152692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schindel","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162731,"text":"70162731 - 1978 - lowaphyllum (rugose coral) from the Upper Devonian of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T14:32:31.792124","indexId":"70162731","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"lowaphyllum (rugose coral) from the Upper Devonian of Arizona","title":"lowaphyllum (rugose coral) from the Upper Devonian of Arizona","docAbstract":"The rugose coral genus lowaphyllum is uncommon but widely distributed in rocks of Devonian age. It is here reported for the first time from western North America (Late Devonian). lowaphyllum is also known from the late Middle and Late Devonian of Eastern North America, but the lack of Early and early Middle Devonian species anywhere in North America leaves open the question of derivation of these forms and their relationship to Early Devonian species in Europe and Australia.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Oliver, W.A., 1978, lowaphyllum (rugose coral) from the Upper Devonian of Arizona: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 797-805.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"805","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315075,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Haunted Canyon, J. K. Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 35.178298352001185\n ],\n [\n -109.1876220703125,\n 35.178298352001185\n ],\n [\n -109.1876220703125,\n 32.45415593941475\n ],\n [\n -111.9451904296875,\n 32.45415593941475\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b40e4b0403299f53988","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, William Albert Jr.","contributorId":44521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"William","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Albert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162739,"text":"70162739 - 1978 - Inventory of land use and land cover of the Puget Sound region using Landsat digital data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T12:58:00","indexId":"70162739","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inventory of land use and land cover of the Puget Sound region using Landsat digital data","docAbstract":"Landsat multispectral scanner digital data from four bands were analyzed using computers to produce land use and land cover information of the Puget Sound region, Wash., for use by agencies in that area. The data were first geographically registered to map coordinates. This registration enabled samples of known land cover types to be digitized from the maps. Samples of the same land cover were grouped together and then subdivided by cluster analysis into spectrally similar classes. Spectral categories were associated with specific land cover classes and used to determine spectral signatures for classification of the entire region. Reclustering and reclassification techniques were developed and then employed to minimize certain classification errors. The classified data were displayed in color using a film recorder. This color image was enlarged photographically to a 1:100000 scale to match new base maps of the region. Although the result resembles a conventional polygonal land use and land cover map, certain image-like qualities remain and yield additional information about the landscape.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Gaydos, L., and Newland, W.L., 1978, Inventory of land use and land cover of the Puget Sound region using Landsat digital data: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 807-814.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"807","endPage":"814","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315078,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 48.16242149265211\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 48.16242149265211\n ],\n [\n -121.95922851562501,\n 47.00273390667881\n ],\n [\n -123.431396484375,\n 47.00273390667881\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b68e4b0403299f53a7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaydos, Leonard","contributorId":79888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaydos","given":"Leonard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newland, Willard L.","contributorId":152700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newland","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162771,"text":"70162771 - 1978 - Reconnaissance for microbial activity in the Magothy aquifer, Bay Park, New York, four years after artificial recharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T13:32:03","indexId":"70162771","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconnaissance for microbial activity in the Magothy aquifer, Bay Park, New York, four years after artificial recharge","docAbstract":"Tertiary-treated sewage effluent was injected into the Magothy aquifer at Bay Park, Long Island, N.Y., between 1968 and 1973. In 1977, the microbial flora in water samples from the injection well and from three nearby wells were surveyed. Differences in the composition of the microbial flora among the four wells were found. A bacterial community dominated by facultative and obligate anaerobes, including two Clostridium species and methanogenic bacteria, was found at a well 6.1 m from the injection well. By contrast, except for isolation of Clostridium sphenoides from a well 30 m away, only obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes were found in water from the injection well and the 30 m well. Only a small number of obligate aerobes were found in samples from a well 61 m away. These results suggest that nutrients in the recharge water formed an organically enriched zone to at least a distance of 6.1 m from the point of injection but not as far as 61 m. Extensive pumping at the end of the injection program apparently removed exogeneous nutrients near the injection well.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nassau County Department of Public Works","usgsCitation":"Godsy, E., and Ehrlich, G.G., 1978, Reconnaissance for microbial activity in the Magothy aquifer, Bay Park, New York, four years after artificial recharge: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 829-836.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"829","endPage":"836","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315099,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315098,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Bay Park, Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.78555297851562,\n 40.56963223359565\n ],\n [\n -73.78555297851562,\n 40.658764163202925\n ],\n [\n -73.56651306152344,\n 40.658764163202925\n ],\n [\n -73.56651306152344,\n 40.56963223359565\n ],\n [\n -73.78555297851562,\n 40.56963223359565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b75e4b0403299f53b0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsy, E.M.","contributorId":56685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsy","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ehrlich, G. G.","contributorId":89126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehrlich","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70162742,"text":"70162742 - 1978 - Application of four input-output models for nutrients in Lake Okeechobee, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T13:15:04","indexId":"70162742","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of four input-output models for nutrients in Lake Okeechobee, Florida","docAbstract":"R. A. Vollenweider's (1975) nonconservative model described concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus for 1969-70 in Lake Okeechobee, Fla., better than the models of F. Biffi in 1963, R. H. Rainey in 1967, and R. Piontelli and V. Tonolli in 1964. Vollenweider's model predicted concentrations of 1.4 milligrams per liter of total nitrogen and 0.09 mg/L of total phosphorus in the lake. The concentration of nitrogen could be approximated with conservation models but phosphorus required a nonconservative model. Unless variations in input concentrations and flow rate of the tributaries are modeled, only short-term predictions of lake concentrations can be made because of variations in inflow concentrations and because of the short time required (400 days) for the lake to be flushed by its inflow.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., 1978, Application of four input-output models for nutrients in Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 821-828.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"821","endPage":"828","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lake Okeechobee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 27.171582284054917\n ],\n [\n -80.7769775390625,\n 27.235094607795503\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 27.23753666659069\n ],\n [\n -80.90606689453124,\n 27.144700797119597\n ],\n [\n -80.99395751953125,\n 27.03711021444808\n ],\n [\n -81.10107421874999,\n 27.012643405861162\n ],\n [\n -81.14501953125,\n 26.963693809276794\n ],\n [\n -81.1175537109375,\n 26.853479438420024\n ],\n [\n -81.046142578125,\n 26.765230565697482\n ],\n [\n -80.86212158203125,\n 26.711266913515747\n ],\n [\n -80.79620361328125,\n 26.66955020082152\n ],\n [\n -80.71105957031249,\n 26.667095801104814\n ],\n [\n -80.6396484375,\n 26.713720362159552\n ],\n [\n -80.6341552734375,\n 26.792202785452883\n ],\n [\n -80.57098388671874,\n 26.86328062676624\n ],\n [\n -80.55999755859375,\n 26.934313833395052\n ],\n [\n -80.5572509765625,\n 26.983276203452657\n ],\n [\n -80.584716796875,\n 27.044449217654016\n ],\n [\n -80.61492919921875,\n 27.127591028502078\n ],\n [\n -80.67260742187499,\n 27.171582284054917\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b45e4b0403299f539ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Ronald L.","contributorId":103245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162720,"text":"70162720 - 1978 - Conductive heat flows in research drill holes in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:52:13","indexId":"70162720","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conductive heat flows in research drill holes in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming","docAbstract":"In convection systems with boiling springs, geysers, fumaroles, and other thermal features, the modes of heat flow become increasingly complex as a single liquid phase at depth rises into the near-surface environment where heat flows by convection of liquid and vapor and by conduction in high thermal gradients. This paper is mainly concerned with the changing patterns of conductive heat flow as related to channels of subsurface convective flow and to horizontal distance from spring vents. The primary data consist of temperatures measured in 13 cored drill holes as drilling progressed. Some temperatures plot convincingly on straight-line segments that suggest conductive gradients in rocks of nearly constant thermal conductivity. Temperature gradients and the conductive component of total heat flow nearly always decrease drastically downward; the gradient and heat flow of the lowest depth interval recognized in each hole is commonly only about 10 percent of the highest interval; the changes in gradient at interval boundaries are commonly interpreted as channels of near-boiling water or of cooler meteoric water. Temperature reversals are probably related to inflowing cooler water rather than to transient effects from recent changes. Some temperatures plot on curved segments that probably indicate dispersed convective upflow and boiling of water in ground penetrated by the drill hole. Other similar curved segments are too low in temperature for local boiling and are probably on the margins of hot upflow zones, reflecting conductive cooling of flowing water. The conifers of Yellowstone National Park (mainly lodgepole pine) seem to have normal growth characteristics where near-surface conductive heat flow is below about 200 heat-flow units (1 HFU = 10-6 cal/cm2 = 41.8 mW/m2). Most areas of abnormal \"stunted\" trees (low ratio of height to base diameter, and low density of spacing) are characterized by conductive heat flows of about 250 to 350 HFU. The critical factor affecting growth is probably the seasonal maximum soil temperature at the root depths preferred by each form, rather than the heat flow as such. Heat flows up to 300 HFU are greatly dominated near the surface by conduction and are little affected by convection within the measured intervals. With increasing total heat flow above 300 HFU, the convection component, as indicated by snowfall calorimetry, becomes increasingly important. Snowfall calorimetry and tree growth as related to heat flow are calibrated by the heat-flow data considered here. Both snowfall calorimetry and tree growth patterns can be extrapolated rapidly, although without high precision, to thermal areas that lack subsurface data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"White, D.E., 1978, Conductive heat flows in research drill holes in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 765-774.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"774","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.11423838585088\n ],\n [\n -111.00036621093749,\n 45.11423838585088\n ],\n [\n -110.81085205078125,\n 45.10842333769411\n ],\n [\n -110.53619384765625,\n 45.06576154770312\n ],\n [\n -110.32196044921874,\n 45.05606124274415\n ],\n [\n -110.08026123046874,\n 45.03665569548622\n ],\n [\n -109.918212890625,\n 45.023067895446175\n ],\n [\n -109.90447998046875,\n 44.98034238084973\n ],\n [\n -109.9017333984375,\n 44.89285004222294\n ],\n [\n -109.90997314453125,\n 44.811070253260006\n ],\n [\n -109.8687744140625,\n 44.75453548416007\n ],\n [\n -109.81658935546875,\n 44.72136867346628\n ],\n [\n -109.81109619140625,\n 44.678418678188606\n ],\n [\n -109.87701416015624,\n 44.64716230650056\n ],\n [\n -109.984130859375,\n 44.61784415342067\n ],\n [\n -110.06103515625,\n 44.5826428195842\n ],\n [\n -110.137939453125,\n 44.55133484083592\n ],\n [\n -110.10772705078125,\n 44.53371669765759\n ],\n [\n -110.08026123046874,\n 44.52001001133986\n ],\n [\n -109.97314453125,\n 44.4906276800508\n ],\n [\n -109.97039794921874,\n 44.453388800301774\n ],\n [\n -109.99786376953125,\n 44.44554600843547\n ],\n [\n -110.0445556640625,\n 44.422011314236634\n ],\n [\n -110.06378173828125,\n 44.39454219215587\n ],\n [\n -110.01983642578125,\n 44.33956524809713\n ],\n [\n -109.94018554687499,\n 44.1289994645142\n ],\n [\n -111.082763671875,\n 44.125056482685146\n ],\n [\n -111.09100341796875,\n 45.11423838585088\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b4be4b0403299f539d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Donald E.","contributorId":76787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":590295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70162703,"text":"70162703 - 1978 - Iron-titanium oxide minerals and associated alteration phases in some uranium-bearing sandstones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T10:50:16","indexId":"70162703","displayToPublicDate":"2008-12-28T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2446,"text":"Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iron-titanium oxide minerals and associated alteration phases in some uranium-bearing sandstones","docAbstract":"Detrital iron-titanium (Fe-Ti) oxide minerals of the ulvospinel-magnetite (titanomagnetite) and ilmenite-hematite (titanohematite) solid solution series are common in uranium-bearing sandstones. Alteration of Fe-Ti oxide minerals in oxidizing environments formed secondary products (primarily hematite) that are distinct from those produced under reducing conditions (iron disulfide minerals). Oxidation of sulfidized Fe-Ti oxide minerals, by the processes that formed uranium rolls, produced ferric oxide minerals (limonite) having textures that mimic those of the iron disulfides. Titanomagnetite and titanohematite have been severely depleted in the ore-bearing zones of some uranium deposits. The alteration of detrital Fe-Ti oxide minerals near uranium ore deposits may produce characteristic signatures in the magnetization of the sandstone. Knowledge of the distribution and magnetic properties of these minerals can aid in interpreting data from total magnetic-field and magnetic-susceptibility surveys of uranium deposits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R.L., and Goldhaber, M.B., 1978, Iron-titanium oxide minerals and associated alteration phases in some uranium-bearing sandstones: Journal of Research of the U.S. Geological Survey, v. 6, no. 6, p. 707-714.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"707","endPage":"714","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":315040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":315039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/journal/1978/vol6issue6/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"26.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Wyoming","county":"Live Oak County, Johnson County, Karnes County, Webb County, Weld County","otherGeospatial":"Grants mineral belt, Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -94.85595703125,\n 29.420460341013133\n ],\n [\n -95.16357421875,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -99.90966796875,\n 30.713503990354965\n ],\n [\n -101.4697265625,\n 30.29701788337205\n ],\n [\n -101.44775390625,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -100.12939453125,\n 28.420391085674304\n ],\n [\n -99.73388671874999,\n 27.702983735525834\n ],\n [\n -99.4482421875,\n 27.31321389856826\n ],\n [\n -99.20654296875,\n 26.56887654795065\n ],\n [\n -98.7890625,\n 26.33280692289788\n ],\n [\n -98.349609375,\n 26.15543796871355\n ],\n [\n -97.71240234375,\n 25.97779895546436\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 25.819671943904044\n ],\n [\n -97.03125,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -96.8994140625,\n 27.916766641249065\n ],\n [\n -96.26220703125,\n 28.285033294640684\n ],\n [\n -95.51513671875,\n 28.555576049185973\n ],\n [\n -95.0537109375,\n 28.86391842622456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -105.908203125,\n 43.41302868475145\n ],\n [\n -107.314453125,\n 43.41302868475145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.281982421875,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -105.281982421875,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -103.16162109375,\n 41.00477542222949\n ],\n [\n -103.16162109375,\n 39.2832938689385\n ],\n [\n -105.281982421875,\n 39.2832938689385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -105.743408203125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -105.743408203125,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 34.252676117101515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56ac9b68e4b0403299f53a7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, Martin B. 0000-0002-1785-4243 mgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":1339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"Martin","email":"mgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":590203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":79016,"text":"wdrTX773 - 1978 - Water resources data for Texas, water year 1977, volume 3. Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Nueces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-15T17:32:46.426867","indexId":"wdrTX773","displayToPublicDate":"2006-08-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TX-77-3","title":"Water resources data for Texas, water year 1977, volume 3. Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Nueces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrTX773","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Water resources data for Texas, water year 1977, volume 3. Colorado River basin, Lavaca River basin, Guadalupe River basin, Nueces River basin, Rio Grande basin, and intervening coastal basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TX-77-3, xii, 561 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTX773.","productDescription":"xii, 561 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1976-10-01","temporalEnd":"1977-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381351,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/tx-77-3/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":190912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1977/tx-77-3/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.276425,26.521729],[-97.31073,26.556558],[-97.345822,26.700589],[-97.370438,26.723896],[-97.368343,26.795649],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.390078,27.156512],[-97.359963,27.304732],[-97.361796,27.359988],[-97.317277,27.46369],[-97.236882,27.598293],[-97.231383,27.632336],[-97.214099,27.631551],[-97.200743,27.650144],[-97.203474,27.684533],[-97.103326,27.789068],[-97.098874,27.82285],[-97.134489,27.825206],[-97.056713,27.842294],[-96.985745,27.954048],[-96.967807,28.020041],[-96.952618,28.01644],[-96.906004,28.076147],[-96.886233,28.084396],[-96.879424,28.131402],[-96.84538,28.108881],[-96.83003,28.111842],[-96.81042,28.126034],[-96.816443,28.174808],[-96.791958,28.188687],[-96.703838,28.198246],[-96.702659,28.211208],[-96.662462,28.227314],[-96.651856,28.251275],[-96.592934,28.296972],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.403206,28.371475],[-96.397846,28.343513],[-96.4137,28.327343],[-96.547774,28.270798],[-96.694666,28.18212],[-96.849624,28.064939],[-96.966996,27.950531],[-97.166682,27.676583],[-97.30447,27.407734],[-97.350398,27.268105],[-97.370941,27.161166],[-97.37913,27.047996],[-97.370731,26.909706],[-97.333028,26.736479],[-97.194644,26.306513],[-97.154271,26.066841],[-97.169842,26.077853],[-97.194458,26.27164],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-94.886539,29.510724],[-94.894747,29.52697],[-94.87675,29.507922],[-94.886539,29.510724]]],[[[-97.868235,26.056656],[-97.88653,26.066339],[-97.967358,26.051718],[-97.981335,26.067182],[-98.028759,26.06647],[-98.039239,26.041275],[-98.070021,26.047992],[-98.084755,26.070808],[-98.091038,26.059169],[-98.105505,26.067537],[-98.146622,26.049412],[-98.177897,26.074672],[-98.197046,26.056153],[-98.220673,26.076467],[-98.248806,26.073101],[-98.264514,26.085507],[-98.277218,26.098802],[-98.265698,26.12037],[-98.296195,26.120321],[-98.302979,26.11005],[-98.323828,26.121249],[-98.336837,26.166432],[-98.354645,26.15304],[-98.386694,26.157872],[-98.404433,26.182564],[-98.442536,26.199151],[-98.450976,26.219904],[-98.496684,26.212853],[-98.543852,26.234492],[-98.576188,26.235221],[-98.599154,26.257612],[-98.669397,26.23632],[-98.681167,26.26271],[-98.745272,26.303096],[-98.755242,26.3251],[-98.789822,26.331575],[-98.807348,26.369421],[-98.890965,26.357569],[-98.921277,26.381426],[-98.950186,26.380303],[-98.967587,26.398266],[-99.008003,26.395459],[-99.032316,26.412082],[-99.082002,26.39651],[-99.110855,26.426278],[-99.091635,26.476977],[-99.127782,26.525199],[-99.166742,26.536079],[-99.178064,26.620547],[-99.209948,26.693938],[-99.208907,26.724761],[-99.240023,26.745851],[-99.242444,26.788262],[-99.268613,26.843213],[-99.295146,26.86544],[-99.316753,26.865831],[-99.3289,26.879761],[-99.324684,26.915973],[-99.379149,26.93449],[-99.393748,26.96073],[-99.377312,26.973819],[-99.415476,27.01724],[-99.42938,27.010833],[-99.446524,27.023008],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.429209,27.090982],[-99.442123,27.106839],[-99.426348,27.176262],[-99.441549,27.24992],[-99.463309,27.268437],[-99.492407,27.264118],[-99.494604,27.303542],[-99.536443,27.312538],[-99.504837,27.338289],[-99.487521,27.412396],[-99.495104,27.451518],[-99.480419,27.481596],[-99.497519,27.500496],[-99.52582,27.496696],[-99.515978,27.572131],[-99.55495,27.614454],[-99.580006,27.602251],[-99.578099,27.619196],[-99.594038,27.638573],[-99.638929,27.626758],[-99.665948,27.635968],[-99.668942,27.659974],[-99.711511,27.658365],[-99.77074,27.732134],[-99.796342,27.735586],[-99.813086,27.773952],[-99.835127,27.762881],[-99.850877,27.793974],[-99.877677,27.799427],[-99.876003,27.837968],[-99.904385,27.875284],[-99.895828,27.904178],[-99.937142,27.940537],[-99.931812,27.980967],[-99.991447,27.99456],[-100.017914,28.064787],[-100.053123,28.08473],[-100.083393,28.144035],[-100.208059,28.190383],[-100.22363,28.235224],[-100.2462,28.234092],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.286471,28.312296],[-100.341869,28.384953],[-100.349586,28.402604],[-100.337797,28.44296],[-100.368288,28.477196],[-100.333814,28.499252],[-100.38886,28.515748],[-100.411414,28.551899],[-100.398385,28.584884],[-100.44732,28.609325],[-100.445529,28.637144],[-100.495863,28.658569],[-100.510055,28.690723],[-100.507613,28.740599],[-100.533017,28.76328],[-100.53583,28.805888],[-100.547324,28.825817],[-100.57051,28.826317],[-100.602054,28.901944],[-100.640568,28.914212],[-100.651512,28.943432],[-100.645894,28.986421],[-100.674656,29.099777],[-100.772649,29.168492],[-100.767059,29.195287],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-100.795681,29.22773],[-100.797671,29.246943],[-100.876049,29.279585],[-100.886842,29.307848],[-100.948972,29.347246],[-101.004207,29.364772],[-101.060151,29.458661],[-101.151877,29.477005],[-101.173821,29.514566],[-101.254895,29.520342],[-101.242023,29.592512],[-101.259127,29.607284],[-101.307332,29.587847],[-101.311219,29.648491],[-101.361756,29.657821],[-101.415402,29.756561],[-101.441059,29.753451],[-101.475269,29.780663],[-101.522695,29.759671],[-101.546797,29.796991],[-101.582562,29.771334],[-101.625958,29.771063],[-101.646418,29.754304],[-101.662453,29.77128],[-101.706636,29.762737],[-101.852604,29.801895],[-101.922585,29.790161],[-101.974548,29.810276],[-101.987539,29.801057],[-102.034759,29.804028],[-102.050044,29.78507],[-102.115682,29.79239],[-102.159601,29.814356],[-102.181894,29.846034],[-102.227553,29.843534],[-102.315389,29.87992],[-102.364542,29.845387],[-102.386678,29.76688],[-102.508313,29.783219],[-102.513381,29.76576],[-102.539417,29.751629],[-102.559343,29.760377],[-102.630151,29.734315],[-102.670971,29.741954],[-102.698347,29.695591],[-102.693466,29.676507],[-102.742031,29.632142],[-102.739991,29.599041],[-102.768341,29.594734],[-102.771429,29.548546],[-102.808692,29.522319],[-102.807327,29.494009],[-102.832539,29.433109],[-102.824564,29.399558],[-102.843021,29.357988],[-102.879534,29.353327],[-102.888328,29.291947],[-102.906296,29.260011],[-102.871347,29.241625],[-102.866846,29.225015],[-102.890064,29.208814],[-102.915866,29.215878],[-102.917805,29.190697],[-102.944911,29.18882],[-102.953475,29.176308],[-102.989432,29.183174],[-103.015028,29.12577],[-103.035683,29.103029],[-103.074407,29.088534],[-103.100266,29.0577],[-103.113922,28.988547],[-103.156646,28.972831],[-103.227801,28.991532],[-103.239109,28.981651],[-103.260308,28.989731],[-103.28119,28.982138],[-103.341463,29.041224],[-103.355428,29.021529],[-103.427754,29.042334],[-103.471265,29.073115],[-103.503236,29.11911],[-103.524613,29.120998],[-103.523384,29.133389],[-103.558679,29.154962],[-103.645635,29.159286],[-103.71377,29.185008],[-103.816642,29.270927],[-103.975235,29.296017],[-104.038282,29.320156],[-104.106467,29.373127],[-104.166563,29.399352],[-104.233487,29.492734],[-104.318074,29.527938],[-104.334811,29.519463],[-104.381041,29.543406],[-104.399591,29.572319],[-104.507568,29.639624],[-104.539761,29.676074],[-104.565688,29.770462],[-104.679772,29.924659],[-104.679661,29.975272],[-104.706874,30.050685],[-104.685003,30.085643],[-104.695366,30.13213],[-104.687296,30.179464],[-104.713166,30.237957],[-104.733822,30.261221],[-104.749664,30.26126],[-104.761634,30.301148],[-104.809794,30.334926],[-104.824314,30.370466],[-104.859521,30.390413],[-104.85242,30.418792],[-104.876787,30.511004],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-104.967167,30.608107],[-105.002057,30.680972],[-105.062334,30.686303],[-105.113816,30.746001],[-105.152362,30.751452],[-105.195144,30.792138],[-105.255416,30.797029],[-105.287238,30.822206],[-105.314863,30.816961],[-105.360672,30.847384],[-105.394242,30.852979],[-105.399609,30.888941],[-105.533088,30.984859],[-105.55743,30.990229],[-105.60333,31.082625],[-105.64189,31.098322],[-105.646731,31.113908],[-105.709491,31.136375],[-105.742678,31.164897],[-105.773257,31.166897],[-105.779725,31.191283],[-105.869353,31.288634],[-105.938452,31.318735],[-105.953943,31.364749],[-106.004926,31.392458],[-106.080258,31.398702],[-106.203969,31.465378],[-106.246203,31.541153],[-106.280811,31.562062],[-106.303536,31.620413],[-106.378039,31.72831],[-106.451541,31.764808],[-106.484642,31.747809],[-106.542097,31.802146],[-106.602727,31.825024],[-106.605845,31.846305],[-106.635926,31.866235],[-106.629197,31.883717],[-106.645296,31.894859],[-106.614346,31.918003],[-106.623933,31.925335],[-106.614702,31.956],[-106.622819,31.952891],[-106.618745,31.966955],[-106.638186,31.97682],[-106.618486,32.000495],[-103.064423,32.000518],[-103.064625,32.999899],[-103.043531,34.018014],[-103.041924,36.500439],[-100.003762,36.499699],[-100.000381,34.560509],[-99.929334,34.576714],[-99.825325,34.497596],[-99.754248,34.421289],[-99.696462,34.381036],[-99.665992,34.374185],[-99.600026,34.374688],[-99.569696,34.418418],[-99.499875,34.409608],[-99.430995,34.373414],[-99.399603,34.375079],[-99.394956,34.442099],[-99.381011,34.456936],[-99.358795,34.455863],[-99.318363,34.408296],[-99.289922,34.414731],[-99.264167,34.405149],[-99.25898,34.391243],[-99.273958,34.38756],[-99.242945,34.372668],[-99.233274,34.344101],[-99.210716,34.336304],[-99.211648,34.292232],[-99.19457,34.272424],[-99.189511,34.214312],[-99.159016,34.20888],[-99.130609,34.219408],[-99.126567,34.203004],[-99.079535,34.211518],[-99.048792,34.198209],[-99.013075,34.203222],[-98.990852,34.221633],[-98.974132,34.203566],[-98.952513,34.21265],[-98.909349,34.177499],[-98.872922,34.166584],[-98.868116,34.149635],[-98.8579,34.159627],[-98.812954,34.158444],[-98.749291,34.124238],[-98.735471,34.135208],[-98.696518,34.133521],[-98.648073,34.164441],[-98.603978,34.160249],[-98.577136,34.148962],[-98.486328,34.062598],[-98.414426,34.085074],[-98.384381,34.146317],[-98.367494,34.156191],[-98.16912,34.114171],[-98.114506,34.154727],[-98.09066,34.12198],[-98.120208,34.072127],[-98.099096,34.048639],[-98.104022,34.036233],[-98.088203,34.005481],[-98.027672,33.993357],[-97.978243,34.005387],[-97.947572,33.991053],[-97.974173,33.942832],[-97.955511,33.938186],[-97.957155,33.914454],[-97.983552,33.904002],[-97.967777,33.88243],[-97.877387,33.850236],[-97.834333,33.857671],[-97.784657,33.890632],[-97.783717,33.91056],[-97.76377,33.914241],[-97.762768,33.934396],[-97.725289,33.941045],[-97.69311,33.983699],[-97.671772,33.99137],[-97.589598,33.953554],[-97.589254,33.903922],[-97.551541,33.897947],[-97.50096,33.919643],[-97.460376,33.903948],[-97.451469,33.87093],[-97.462857,33.841772],[-97.426493,33.819398],[-97.365507,33.823763],[-97.33294,33.87444],[-97.315913,33.865838],[-97.299245,33.880175],[-97.256625,33.863286],[-97.24618,33.900344],[-97.210921,33.916064],[-97.179609,33.89225],[-97.166629,33.847311],[-97.203514,33.821825],[-97.205431,33.801488],[-97.172192,33.737545],[-97.126102,33.716941],[-97.086195,33.743933],[-97.087999,33.808747],[-97.058623,33.818752],[-97.052209,33.841737],[-97.023899,33.844213],[-96.985567,33.886522],[-96.996183,33.941728],[-96.979415,33.956178],[-96.973807,33.935697],[-96.9163,33.957798],[-96.875281,33.860505],[-96.85609,33.84749],[-96.837413,33.871349],[-96.794276,33.868886],[-96.761588,33.824406],[-96.704457,33.835021],[-96.667187,33.91694],[-96.630117,33.895422],[-96.592948,33.895616],[-96.590112,33.880665],[-96.625399,33.856542],[-96.623155,33.841483],[-96.572937,33.819098],[-96.523863,33.818114],[-96.502286,33.77346],[-96.422643,33.776041],[-96.348306,33.686379],[-96.309964,33.710489],[-96.294867,33.764771],[-96.277269,33.769735],[-96.220521,33.74739],[-96.178059,33.760518],[-96.162757,33.788769],[-96.178964,33.810553],[-96.150765,33.816987],[-96.15163,33.831946],[-96.138905,33.839159],[-96.09936,33.83047],[-96.101349,33.845721],[-96.005296,33.845505],[-95.991487,33.866869],[-95.951609,33.857017],[-95.936132,33.886826],[-95.831948,33.835161],[-95.821666,33.856633],[-95.805149,33.861304],[-95.776255,33.845145],[-95.75431,33.853992],[-95.761916,33.883402],[-95.747335,33.895756],[-95.696962,33.885218],[-95.669978,33.905844],[-95.636978,33.906613],[-95.599678,33.934247],[-95.556915,33.92702],[-95.545197,33.880294],[-95.515302,33.891142],[-95.492028,33.874822],[-95.461499,33.883686],[-95.464211,33.873372],[-95.44737,33.86885],[-95.339122,33.868873],[-95.334523,33.885788],[-95.283445,33.877746],[-95.280351,33.896751],[-95.255747,33.902939],[-95.252906,33.933648],[-95.219358,33.961567],[-95.121184,33.931307],[-95.093929,33.895963],[-95.061065,33.895292],[-95.049025,33.86409],[-95.008376,33.866089],[-94.983303,33.851354],[-94.976208,33.859847],[-94.948716,33.818023],[-94.91945,33.810176],[-94.919614,33.786305],[-94.879218,33.764912],[-94.8693,33.745871],[-94.830804,33.740068],[-94.817427,33.752172],[-94.798634,33.744527],[-94.775064,33.755038],[-94.762961,33.731787],[-94.742576,33.727009],[-94.732384,33.700254],[-94.714865,33.707261],[-94.710725,33.691654],[-94.684792,33.684353],[-94.659167,33.692138],[-94.646113,33.6693],[-94.57962,33.677623],[-94.520725,33.616567],[-94.491503,33.625115],[-94.485875,33.637867],[-94.448637,33.642766],[-94.468086,33.599436],[-94.430039,33.591124],[-94.413155,33.569368],[-94.378076,33.577019],[-94.397398,33.562314],[-94.389515,33.546778],[-94.355945,33.54318],[-94.345513,33.567313],[-94.309582,33.551673],[-94.289129,33.582144],[-94.280849,33.577187],[-94.290901,33.558872],[-94.27909,33.557026],[-94.245932,33.589114],[-94.237975,33.577757],[-94.250197,33.556765],[-94.226392,33.552912],[-94.205634,33.567229],[-94.193248,33.556154],[-94.192483,33.570425],[-94.217408,33.57926],[-94.183913,33.594682],[-94.152626,33.575923],[-94.146048,33.581975],[-94.14852,33.565678],[-94.136864,33.571],[-94.128658,33.550952],[-94.088943,33.575322],[-94.061283,33.568805],[-94.055663,33.561887],[-94.073744,33.558285],[-94.06548,33.550909],[-94.04604,33.551321],[-94.04272,31.999265],[-94.018664,31.990843],[-93.971712,31.920384],[-93.923929,31.88985],[-93.904766,31.890599],[-93.874761,31.821661],[-93.827451,31.777741],[-93.830647,31.745811],[-93.802694,31.697783],[-93.826462,31.666919],[-93.816838,31.622509],[-93.838057,31.606795],[-93.834924,31.586211],[-93.798087,31.534044],[-93.743376,31.525196],[-93.725925,31.504092],[-93.74987,31.475276],[-93.70093,31.437784],[-93.704879,31.410881],[-93.674117,31.397681],[-93.665052,31.363886],[-93.687851,31.309835],[-93.642516,31.269508],[-93.620343,31.271025],[-93.598828,31.174679],[-93.588503,31.165581],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.551693,31.097258],[-93.52301,31.065241],[-93.516943,31.032584],[-93.539526,31.008498],[-93.566017,31.004567],[-93.571906,30.987614],[-93.526245,30.939411],[-93.567788,30.888302],[-93.554057,30.824941],[-93.561666,30.807739],[-93.584265,30.796663],[-93.592828,30.763986],[-93.619129,30.742002],[-93.611192,30.718053],[-93.629904,30.67994],[-93.6831,30.640763],[-93.684329,30.592586],[-93.727844,30.57407],[-93.729195,30.544842],[-93.740253,30.539569],[-93.714322,30.518562],[-93.697828,30.443838],[-93.757654,30.390423],[-93.765822,30.333318],[-93.708645,30.288317],[-93.705083,30.242752],[-93.720946,30.209852],[-93.688212,30.141376],[-93.701252,30.137376],[-93.702436,30.112721],[-93.732485,30.088914],[-93.70082,30.056274],[-93.720805,30.053043],[-93.739734,30.023987],[-93.786935,29.99058],[-93.838374,29.882855],[-93.927992,29.80964],[-93.926504,29.78956],[-93.89847,29.771577],[-93.891637,29.744618],[-93.873941,29.73777],[-93.837971,29.690619],[-93.866981,29.673085],[-94.001406,29.681486],[-94.132577,29.646217],[-94.594853,29.467903],[-94.694158,29.415632],[-94.731047,29.369141],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.783131,29.375642],[-94.766848,29.393489],[-94.6724,29.476843],[-94.608557,29.483345],[-94.566674,29.531988],[-94.532348,29.5178],[-94.495025,29.525031],[-94.503429,29.54325],[-94.522421,29.545672],[-94.553988,29.573882],[-94.740699,29.525858],[-94.783296,29.535314],[-94.78954,29.546494],[-94.755237,29.562782],[-94.708741,29.625226],[-94.693154,29.694453],[-94.695317,29.723052],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.816085,29.75671],[-94.851108,29.721373],[-94.872551,29.67125],[-94.893107,29.661336],[-94.915413,29.656614],[-94.936089,29.692704],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-95.015636,29.639457],[-94.982936,29.60167],[-95.016889,29.548303],[-94.981916,29.511141],[-94.909898,29.49691],[-94.930861,29.450504],[-94.8908,29.433432],[-94.893994,29.30817],[-94.921593,29.281556],[-94.952526,29.290122],[-95.099101,29.173529],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-95.16525,29.113566],[-95.136221,29.084537],[-94.879239,29.285839],[-94.824953,29.306005],[-94.822307,29.344254],[-94.810696,29.353435],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-94.72253,29.331446],[-95.081773,29.111222],[-95.38239,28.866348],[-95.439594,28.859022],[-95.812504,28.664942],[-96.220376,28.491966],[-96.378616,28.383909],[-96.37596,28.401682],[-96.335119,28.437795],[-96.223825,28.495067],[-96.21505,28.509679],[-95.98616,28.606319],[-95.978526,28.650594],[-95.996338,28.658736],[-96.006516,28.648049],[-96.047737,28.649067],[-96.221784,28.580364],[-96.233998,28.596649],[-96.212624,28.622604],[-96.230944,28.641433],[-96.192267,28.687744],[-96.19583,28.69894],[-96.222802,28.698431],[-96.287942,28.683164],[-96.304227,28.671459],[-96.303718,28.644996],[-96.373439,28.626675],[-96.487943,28.569677],[-96.485907,28.607845],[-96.510844,28.61497],[-96.499648,28.635835],[-96.563262,28.644487],[-96.572931,28.667897],[-96.561226,28.696395],[-96.584091,28.722798],[-96.664534,28.696904],[-96.61059,28.638889],[-96.61975,28.627693],[-96.611099,28.585962],[-96.565297,28.5824],[-96.561226,28.570695],[-96.526111,28.557972],[-96.505755,28.525911],[-96.402446,28.449066],[-96.59176,28.357462],[-96.672677,28.335579],[-96.705247,28.348811],[-96.710336,28.406827],[-96.772209,28.408074],[-96.794554,28.365688],[-96.791761,28.31217],[-96.809573,28.290287],[-96.787181,28.255681],[-96.800413,28.224128],[-96.934765,28.123873],[-96.962755,28.123365],[-97.027014,28.148408],[-97.021303,28.1841],[-97.037008,28.185528],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.214039,28.087494],[-97.21535,28.076575],[-97.176444,28.059892],[-97.137421,28.057037],[-97.025693,28.11216],[-97.035528,28.084688],[-97.025859,28.041939],[-97.129168,27.919801],[-97.186709,27.825453],[-97.219738,27.823939],[-97.250797,27.876035],[-97.272253,27.881427],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.393291,27.782905],[-97.368355,27.741683],[-97.316446,27.712676],[-97.253955,27.696696],[-97.296598,27.613947],[-97.294054,27.5941],[-97.321535,27.571199],[-97.401942,27.335574],[-97.508304,27.275014],[-97.532223,27.278577],[-97.544437,27.284175],[-97.498126,27.308602],[-97.502706,27.322343],[-97.483877,27.338628],[-97.48693,27.358984],[-97.501688,27.366618],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.63146,27.28621],[-97.640111,27.270943],[-97.628916,27.242953],[-97.54291,27.229213],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.443673,27.116235],[-97.45665,27.099695],[-97.495836,27.094098],[-97.477515,27.066108],[-97.48693,27.057711],[-97.486676,27.03481],[-97.473444,27.02285],[-97.478533,26.999186],[-97.555378,26.99028],[-97.555378,26.93888],[-97.540874,26.90631],[-97.563266,26.842188],[-97.509831,26.803511],[-97.468609,26.740915],[-97.445708,26.609362],[-97.416955,26.553637],[-97.441383,26.455418],[-97.41721,26.44982],[-97.42179,26.417249],[-97.382485,26.411326],[-97.369627,26.394603],[-97.388965,26.36585],[-97.387947,26.330481],[-97.358176,26.356435],[-97.335275,26.355672],[-97.336802,26.331753],[-97.352833,26.318521],[-97.343927,26.267376],[-97.311866,26.273737],[-97.307031,26.253126],[-97.32128,26.236078],[-97.296598,26.200709],[-97.306776,26.159487],[-97.282094,26.120301],[-97.294054,26.11394],[-97.270898,26.086459],[-97.199651,26.077044],[-97.195071,26.04193],[-97.224842,26.027426],[-97.219244,25.996128],[-97.208557,25.991802],[-97.167208,26.007069],[-97.162628,26.023482],[-97.18273,26.053126],[-97.152009,26.062108],[-97.146294,25.955606],[-97.276707,25.952147],[-97.277163,25.935438],[-97.350398,25.925241],[-97.37443,25.907444],[-97.360082,25.868874],[-97.372864,25.840117],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-97.445113,25.850026],[-97.454727,25.879337],[-97.521762,25.886458],[-97.546421,25.934077],[-97.582565,25.937857],[-97.583044,25.955443],[-97.598043,25.957556],[-97.643708,26.016943],[-97.758838,26.032131],[-97.789823,26.04246],[-97.801344,26.060017],[-97.868235,26.056656]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Texas\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1bb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":534808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012507,"text":"70012507 - 1978 - Geology, palynology, and climatic significance of two pre-Pinedale Lake sediment sequences in and near Yellowstone National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T15:23:10.460409","indexId":"70012507","displayToPublicDate":"2004-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology, palynology, and climatic significance of two pre-Pinedale Lake sediment sequences in and near Yellowstone National Park","docAbstract":"Pollen analysis of a section of lake sediments at Grassy Lake Reservoir indicates a vegetational sequence changing from tundra, to spruce-fir-pine forest, to pine forest, to tundra at the top. Pollen analysis of a section of lake sediments on Beaverdam Creek indicates a tundra vegetation at the base, followed by a brief episode of spruce-fir forest and a return to a tundra vegetation at the top. The analyses of both sections suggest a cold to cool to cold climatic sequence, interpreted as interstadial in character. However, differences suggest that they represent separate interstadials. Pinedale Till disconformably overlies the lake deposits at Grassy Lake Reservoir. The upper sediments contain wood 14C dated at >42,000 yr; the lowermost interfinger with till shown to be more than about 70,000 yr old. The deposits at Beaverdam Creek grade upward into proglacial Pinedale deposits, contain an ash that is probably about 70,000 yr old near their base, and rest comformably on gravel that grades down into lake sediments containing wood debris suggestive of an older climatic amelioration. We conclude that the warmest part of the interstadial at Grassy Lake Reservoir is probably more than 70,000 yr old, and that the warmest part of the interstadial analyzed at Beaverdam Creek is slightly younger than 70,000 yr old.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(78)90103-5","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.G., and Richmond, G., 1978, Geology, palynology, and climatic significance of two pre-Pinedale Lake sediment sequences in and near Yellowstone National Park: Quaternary Research, v. 10, no. 2, p. 226-240, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(78)90103-5.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"226","endPage":"240","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0751411481957,\n 44.98990838492284\n ],\n [\n -111.0751411481957,\n 43.84603059555195\n ],\n [\n -109.2200234684439,\n 43.84603059555195\n ],\n [\n -109.2200234684439,\n 44.98990838492284\n ],\n [\n -111.0751411481957,\n 44.98990838492284\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a274be4b0c8380cd59758","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, R. G.","contributorId":96326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richmond, G.M.","contributorId":104066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"G.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012474,"text":"70012474 - 1978 - The geochemical nature of the Archean Ancient Gneiss Complex and Granodiorite Suite, Swaziland: A preliminary study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-25T16:21:16.807811","indexId":"70012474","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical nature of the Archean Ancient Gneiss Complex and Granodiorite Suite, Swaziland: A preliminary study","docAbstract":"The Ancient Gneiss Complex (AGC) of Swaziland, an Archean gray gneiss complex, lies southeast and south of the Barberton greenstone belt and includes the most structurally complex and highly metamorphosed portions of the eastern Kaapvaal craton. The AGC is not precisely dated but apparently is older than 3.4 Ga.
The AGC consists of three major units: (a) a bimodal suite of closely interlayered siliceous, low-K gneisses and metabasalt; (b) homogeneous tonalite gneiss; and (c) interlayered siliceous microcline gneiss, metabasalt, and minor metasedimentary rocks - termed the metamorphite suite. A geologically younger gabbro-diorite-tonalite-trondhjemite suite, the Granodiorite Suite, is spatially associated with the AGC and intrusive into it.
The bimodal suite consists largely of two types of low-K siliceous gneiss: one has SiO2 < 75%, Al2O3 > 14%, low Rb/Sr ratios, and depleted heavy rare earth elements (REE's); the other has SiO2 > 75%, Al2O3 < 13%, high Rb/Sr ratios, and relatively abundant REE's except for negative Eu anomalies. The interlayered metabasalt ranges from komatiitic to tholeiitic compositions. Lenses of quartz monzonitic gneiss of K2O/Na2O close to 1 form a minor part of the bimodal suite. Tonalitic to trondhjemitic migmatite locally is abundant and has major-element abundances similar to those of non-migmatitic varieties.
The siliceous gneisses of the metamorphic suite show low Al2O, K2O/Na2O ratios of about 1, high Rb/Sr ratios, moderate REE abundances and negative Eu anomalies.
K/Rb ratios of siliceous gneisses of the bimodal suite are very low (∼130); of the tonalitic gneiss, low (∼225); of the siliceous gneiss of the metamorphite suite, moderate (∼300); and of the Granodiorite Suite, high (∼400).
Textural-distribution patterns of sea-floor sediments on the South Texas continental shelf between Matagorda Bay and the U.S.-Mexico international boundary were evaluated as part of a regional environmental-studies program. Sediment textural gradients support a conceptual model for the regional sediment-dispersal system, which is characterized by both net offshore transport and net south-trending coastwise transport components on a wind-dominated shelf. Coastwise transport results in the net southward migration of both palimpsest sandy mud composing the ancestral Brazos-Colorado delta flank in the northern sector, and modern mud composing the central sector; these migrating sediments are encroaching southward onto immobile relict muddy sands composing the ancestral Rio Grande delta in the southern sector.
In the proposed model, the suspension transport of modern silt-enriched mud derived mainly from coastal sources is the dominant dispersal mechanism. Net offshore transport is attributed both to diffusion, and to the advective ebb-tide discharge of turbid lagoonal-estuarine waters from coastal inlets. Net southward transport is attributed mainly to advection by seasonally residual coastwise drift currents reflecting a winter-dominated hydraulic regime. Frequent winter storms characterized by relatively high-speed northerly winds that accompany the passage of cold fronts appear to be dominant regional dispersal agents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(78)90064-6","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Shideler, G.L., 1978, A sediment-dispersal model for the South Texas continental shelf, northwest Gulf of Mexico: Marine Geology, v. 26, no. 3-4, p. 289-313, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(78)90064-6.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"289","endPage":"313","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222418,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.30823853261406,\n 28.02493852519791\n ],\n [\n -97.30823853261406,\n 25.22865383447872\n ],\n [\n -96.79586019808089,\n 25.22865383447872\n ],\n [\n -96.79586019808089,\n 28.02493852519791\n ],\n [\n -97.30823853261406,\n 28.02493852519791\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e57fe4b0c8380cd46d8a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shideler, G. L.","contributorId":63393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shideler","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012556,"text":"70012556 - 1978 - Distribution and character of upper Mesozoic subduction complexes along the west coast of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-02T16:19:17.039021","indexId":"70012556","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and character of upper Mesozoic subduction complexes along the west coast of North America","docAbstract":"Structurally complex sequences of sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive igneous rocks characterize a nearly continuous narrow band along the Pacific coast of North America from Baja California, Mexico to southern Alaska. They occur in two modes: (1) as complexly folded but coherent sequences of graywacke and argillite that locally exhibit blueschist-grade metamorphism, and (2) as melanges containing large blocks of graywacke, chert, volcanic and plutonic rocks, high-grade schist, and limestone in a highly sheared pelitic, cherty, or sandstone matrix. Fossils from the coherent graywacke sequences range in age from late Jurassic to Eocene; fossils from limestone blocks in the melanges range in age from mid-Paleozoic to middle Cretaceous. Fossils from the matrix surrounding the blocks, however, are of Jurassic, Cretaceous, and rarely, Tertiary age, indicating that fossils from the blocks cannot be used to date the time of formation of the melanges.
Both the deformation of the graywacke, with accompanying blueschist metamorphism, as well as the formation of the melanges, are believed to be the result of late Mesozoic and early Tertiary subduction. The origin of the melanges, particularly the emplacement of exotic tectonic blocks, is not understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(78)90031-8","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Jones, D.L., Blake, M., Bailey, E.H., and McLaughlin, R.J., 1978, Distribution and character of upper Mesozoic subduction complexes along the west coast of North America: Tectonophysics, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 207-222, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90031-8.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"222","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","state":"Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Pacific coast of North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.41285894795098,\n 60.39101073090987\n ],\n [\n -139.43492469830107,\n 56.18442278816785\n ],\n [\n -127.41314296806209,\n 47.475629746329844\n ],\n [\n -124.45488000214503,\n 36.374566798936016\n ],\n [\n -110.61276212523683,\n 21.147885276292897\n ],\n [\n -108.04987973063052,\n 22.069396089742753\n ],\n [\n -119.6495023669611,\n 39.75914188879055\n ],\n [\n -122.86602155790652,\n 49.694221938084205\n ],\n [\n -134.69578953504842,\n 60.73706770472893\n ],\n [\n -145.72029861273748,\n 61.97887606686548\n ],\n [\n -154.41285894795098,\n 60.39101073090987\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027ee4b0c8380cd50082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, D. L.","contributorId":65045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blake, M.C. Jr.","contributorId":27094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.C.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bailey, E. H.","contributorId":44509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70012557,"text":"70012557 - 1978 - Tectonics of the North American Cordillera near the Fortieth Parallel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-02T16:03:22.978977","indexId":"70012557","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonics of the North American Cordillera near the Fortieth Parallel","docAbstract":"The North American Cordillera near the Fortieth Parallel consists of the following tectonic units:
1. (A) To the east is a reactivated cratonic area, in the Southern Rocky Mountains and Colorado Plateau, in which the supracrustal rocks (Cambrian to Cretaceous) were broadly deformed during the late Cretaceous-Paleocene Laramide orogeny, and the Precambrian basement was raised in folds of wide amplitude.
2. (B) West of it is a miogeosynclinal belt, in the eastern Great Basin, in which a thick sequence of Paleozoic carbonates and related deposits was thrust eastward along low-angle faults during the middle to late Cretaceous Sevier orogeny. The miogeosyncline is the downwarped western margin of the original North American continent, and its rocks accumulated on Precambrian basement.
3. (C) Beyond is a eugeosynclinal belt, in the western Great Basin, in which Paleozoic graywackes, cherts, and volcanics were thrust easteastward along low-angle faults during several Paleozoic orogenies - the mid-Paleozoic Antler orogeny which produced the Roberts thrust on the east, and the end-Paleozoic Sonoma orogeny which produced the Golconda thrust farther west. The Paleozoic eugeosynclinal rocks accumulated on oceanic basement. They are overlapped from the west by Triassic and Jurassic shelf deposits, which pass westward into eugeosynclinal deposits.
4. (D) A volcanic island-arc belt existed on the sites of the Sierra Nevada in Paleozoic and early Mesozoic time, which produced thick bodies of sediments and volcanics. During the mid-Mesozoic Nevadan orogeny these were steeply deformed and thrust westward over subduction zones, and were intruded by granitic rocks that rose from the upper mantle to form great batholiths.
5. (E) West of the Sierra Nevada, in the Great Valley, is a great sedimentary embankment of later Mesozoic flysch or turbidite, largely younger than the supracrustal rocks of the Sierra Nevada and the Nevadan orogeny. It was formed of the erosional products of the supracrustal and granitic rocks of the Sierra Nevada.
6. (F) This sequence is, in turn, thrust westward over the Mesozoic Franciscan terrane of the Coast Ranges, which forms the westernmost belt of the Cordillera, and which is being treated in other papers in this symposium.
The net effect of the prolonged events that produced the Cordillera in this segment has been the addition of successive tectonic belts to the North American continent at the expense of the Pacific Ocean basin during Phanerozoic time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(78)90034-3","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"King, P., 1978, Tectonics of the North American Cordillera near the Fortieth Parallel: Tectonophysics, v. 47, no. 3-4, p. 275-294, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90034-3.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"294","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.57945713391274,\n 42.87578330166886\n ],\n [\n -125.57945713391274,\n 35.03289778190745\n ],\n [\n -102.07836332194293,\n 35.03289778190745\n ],\n [\n -102.07836332194293,\n 42.87578330166886\n ],\n [\n -125.57945713391274,\n 42.87578330166886\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba48de4b08c986b32041a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Philip B.","contributorId":34580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Philip B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012862,"text":"70012862 - 1978 - Structures developed in fault gouge during stable sliding and stick-slip","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-02T16:26:13.097611","indexId":"70012862","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structures developed in fault gouge during stable sliding and stick-slip","docAbstract":"We carried out a detailed study of the structural changes that occurred in a thin layer of quartz gouge sheared between saw cuts in granite cylinders at pressures of 2 and 4.7 kbar. At low pressure the material deformed stably, but at high pressure deformation was unstable. During deformation shear zones were developed oblique and parallel to the plane of the saw cuts. Our results suggest that shearing oblique to the strike of the fault zone precedes sudden slip, which is confined to the margin between the intact rock and gouge. If this is true in the natural situation, then it may be possible by studying the spacial distribution of the microseismic activity and creep in shear zones to determine whether sudden slip is imminent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(78)90068-9","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Byerlee, J., Mjachkin, V., Summers, R., and Voevoda, O., 1978, Structures developed in fault gouge during stable sliding and stick-slip: Tectonophysics, v. 44, no. 1-4, p. 161-171, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90068-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222445,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c7fe4b08c986b31d416","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byerlee, J.","contributorId":105838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byerlee","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mjachkin, V.","contributorId":80421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mjachkin","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Summers, R.","contributorId":65483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Summers","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Voevoda, O.","contributorId":101811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voevoda","given":"O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5221448,"text":"5221448 - 1978 - Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on common eider eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-12T16:33:39.262902","indexId":"5221448","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on common eider eggs","docAbstract":"An oil spill near a breeding colony could result in the transfer of oil from the plumage and feet of incubating birds to their eggs. Microlitre amounts of No. 2 fuel oil were applied externally to common eider eggs in an island breeding colony in Maine. Clutches of eggs treated with 20 ?l of fuel oil had significantly greater embryonic mortality than the control clutches when they were examined 7 days after treatment. The results are similar to those of an earlier study of artificially incubated common eider eggs and indicate that nest site conditions do not affect embryotoxicity of No. 2 fuel oil.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-326X(78)90590-8","usgsCitation":"Albers, P., and Szaro, R.C., 1978, Effects of No. 2 fuel oil on common eider eggs: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 9, no. 5, p. 138-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(78)90590-8.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"138","endPage":"139","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197443,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Bangs Island, East Casco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.18236357335988,\n 43.759784030767946\n ],\n [\n -70.18236357335988,\n 43.6761981129479\n ],\n [\n -70.0670930378678,\n 43.6761981129479\n ],\n [\n -70.0670930378678,\n 43.759784030767946\n ],\n [\n -70.18236357335988,\n 43.759784030767946\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624fc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albers, P.H.","contributorId":26646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albers","given":"P.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szaro, Robert C.","contributorId":21240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szaro","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012473,"text":"70012473 - 1978 - Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-18T15:55:47.548736","indexId":"70012473","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"Landsat-1 and NOAA satellite imagery for the winter 1972–1973, and a variety of ice and sea-floor data were used to study sea-ice zonation and dynamics and their relation to bottom morphology and geology on the Beaufort Sea continental shelf of arctic Alaska.
In early winter the location of the boundary between undeformed fast ice and westward-drifting pack ice of the Pacific Gyre is controlled by major coastal promontories. Pronounced linear pressure- and shear-ridges, as well as hummock fields, form along this boundary and are stabilized by grounding, generally between the 10- and 20-m isobaths. Slippage along this boundary occurs intermittently at or seaward of the grounded ridges, forming new grounded ridges in a widening zone, the stamukhi zone, which by late winter extends out to the 40-m isobath. Between intermittent events along the stamukhi zone, pack-ice drift and slippage is continuous along the shelf edge, at average rates of 3–10 km/day. Whether slippage occurs along the stamukhi zone or along the shelf edge, it is restricted to a zone several hundred meters wide, and ice seaward of the slip face moves at uniform rates without discernible drag effects.
A causal relationship is seen between the spatial distribution of major ice-ridge systems and offshore shoals downdrift of major coastal promontories. The shoals appear to have migrated shoreward under the influence of ice up to 400 m in the last 25 years. The sea floor seaward of these shoals within the stamukhi zone shows high ice-gouge density, large incision depths, and a high degree of disruption of internal sedimentary structures. The concentration of large ice ridges and our sea floor data in the stamukhi zone indicate that much of the available marine energy is expended here, while the inner shelf and coast, where the relatively undeformed fast ice grows, are sheltered. There is evidence that anomalies in the overall arctic shelf profile are related to sea-ice zonation, ice dynamics, and bottom processes. A proposed ice zonation, including zones of (1) bottom-fast ice, (2) floating fast ice, (3) stamukhi, and (4) seasonal pack ice, emphasizes ice interaction with the shelf surface and differs from previous zonation.
Certain aspects of the results reported here are directly applicable to planned offshore developments in the Prudhoe Bay oil field. Properly placed artificial structures similar to offshore shoals should be able to withstand the forces of the ice, serve to modify the observed ice zonation, and might be used to make the environment less hostile to human activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0025-3227(78)90018-X","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., Toimil, L., and Barnes, P., 1978, Arctic continental shelf morphology related to sea-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska: Marine Geology, v. 28, no. 3-4, p. 179-210, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(78)90018-X.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"210","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221949,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 71.13296067931378\n ],\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 68.37053168683431\n ],\n [\n -157.50512865265642,\n 68.37053168683431\n ],\n [\n -157.50512865265642,\n 71.13296067931378\n ],\n [\n -167.95988350415863,\n 71.13296067931378\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed53e4b0c8380cd49736","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, E.","contributorId":61557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toimil, L.","contributorId":65603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toimil","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barnes, P.","contributorId":73331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70012599,"text":"70012599 - 1978 - Correlation and zonation of miocene strata along the atlantic margin of North America using diatoms and silicoflagellates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-12T15:59:59.708361","indexId":"70012599","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2673,"text":"Marine Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlation and zonation of miocene strata along the atlantic margin of North America using diatoms and silicoflagellates","docAbstract":"Six Atlantic Miocene siliceous microfossil zones are proposed based on onshore and offshore samples from the United States Atlantic Margin. Diatoms and silicoflagellates are used to establish the zones. These zones are from oldest to youngest:
1. Zone I Actinoptychus heliopelta Concurrent Range Zone - Early Miocene
2. Zone II Delphineis ovata Partial Range Zone - late Early to early Middle Miocene
3. Zone III Delphineis ovata/Delphineis penelliptica Concurrent Range Zone - early Middle Miocene
4. Zone IV Delphineis penelliptica Partial Range Zone - Middle Miocene
5. Zone V Delphineis penelliptica/Coscinodiscus plicatus Concurrent Range Zone - Middle Miocene
6. Zone VI Coscinodiscus plicatus Partial Range Zone - Middle Miocene.
The six zones are easily traced along the Southern and Middle Atlantic Seaboard, but the older three are found for the most part between Cape Hatteras and New Jersey. There is some suggestion of sea-level change during Zone IV. Using rare planktonic diatoms that are index species from other regions and the zonal markers established in this study, correlation can be made with the Standard Foraminiferal Zones, the North Pacific Diatom Zones and with DSDP core 391A in the Blake-Bahama Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-8398(78)90009-9","issn":"03778398","usgsCitation":"Abbott, W., 1978, Correlation and zonation of miocene strata along the atlantic margin of North America using diatoms and silicoflagellates: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 15-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(78)90009-9.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222212,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc28e4b0c8380cd4e152","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, W.H.","contributorId":20076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70012630,"text":"70012630 - 1978 - Atomic-absorption determination of beryllium in geological materials by use of electrothermal atomization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T16:07:52.082569","indexId":"70012630","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atomic-absorption determination of beryllium in geological materials by use of electrothermal atomization","docAbstract":"A method is described for the atomic-absorption determination of beryllium in geological materials, that utilizes electrothermal atomization after a separation by solvent extraction. Samples are decomposed with hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in Teflon-lined pressure decomposition vessels. Beryllium is isolated by its extraction as beryllium acetylacetonate at pH 8 into xylene and back-extraction in 3M hydrochloric acid. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of beryllium in 14 U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks. Four subsamples from four bottles of each standard sample were analysed in random order. The mean beryllium contents (ppm) are: AGV-1, 1.98; PCC-1, 0.024; MAG-1, 2.84; BHVO-1, 0.90; DTS-1, 0.026; SCo-1, 1.74; SDC-1, 2.52; BCR-1, 1.44; GSP-1, 1.22; SGR-1, 0.86; QLO-1, 1.83; RGM-1, 2.21; STM-1, 8.75; G-2, 2.29. An analysis of variance shows that all the samples may be considered homogeneous at F0.95 except AGV-1 and DTS-1 which may be considered homogeneous at F0.99.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(78)80050-2","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Campbell, E., and Simon, F., 1978, Atomic-absorption determination of beryllium in geological materials by use of electrothermal atomization: Talanta, v. 25, no. 5, p. 251-255, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(78)80050-2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"255","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eec9e4b0c8380cd49f6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, E.Y.","contributorId":59803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"E.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simon, F.O.","contributorId":41808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"F.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70012632,"text":"70012632 - 1978 - Matrix effects on the determination of manganese in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry under different flame conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-13T16:14:26.209682","indexId":"70012632","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3517,"text":"Talanta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Matrix effects on the determination of manganese in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry under different flame conditions","docAbstract":"Suppression caused by five of the seven matrix elements studied (Si, Al, Fe, Ca and Mg) was observed in the atomic-absorption determination of manganese in geological materials, when synthetic solutions and the recommended oxidizing air—acetylene flame were used. The magnitude of the suppression effects depends on (1) the kind and concentration of the interfering elements, (2) the type of acid medium, and (3) the concentration of manganese to be determined. All interferences noted are removed or alleviated by using a reducing nitrous oxide—acetylene flame. The atomic-absorption method using this flame can be applied to the determination of total and extractable manganese in a wide range of geological materials without interferences. Analyses of six U.S. Geological Survey rock standards for manganese gave results in agreement with the reported values.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0039-9140(78)80058-7","issn":"00399140","usgsCitation":"Sanzolone, R.F., and Chao, T.T., 1978, Matrix effects on the determination of manganese in geological materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry under different flame conditions: Talanta, v. 25, no. 5, p. 287-290, https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(78)80058-7.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"287","endPage":"290","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222669,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a528ee4b0c8380cd6c4d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":364100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":59782,"text":"mf916 - 1978 - Preliminary map of young faults in the United States as a guide to possible fault activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-04T10:32:35","indexId":"mf916","displayToPublicDate":"1996-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"916","title":"Preliminary map of young faults in the United States as a guide to possible fault activity","docAbstract":"This map gives an overview of geologically young faults and is intended to help in evaluation of the potential activity of faulting nationally. This map is a progress report. Because of its scale, it cannot be used as an index of specific faults or fault hazards. However, it offers a synopsis, as of 1975, of more extensive data that must be taken into consideration in assessments of hazards from faulting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf916","isbn":"0607803851","usgsCitation":"1978, Preliminary map of young faults in the United States as a guide to possible fault activity: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 916, 2 Sheets: 40.9 x 30.7 and 41.7 x 31.3 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf916.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 40.9 x 30.7 and 41.7 x 31.3 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359919,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0916/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359918,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0916/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":183630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0916/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"5000000","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -141.0007667541504, 69.64681951728146 ], [ -141.064453125, 69.80172356231073 ], [ -141.767578125, 69.96043926902489 ], [ -142.734375, 70.1478274118401 ], [ -143.26171875, 70.25945200030638 ], [ -144.99755859375, 70.1925497583889 ], [ -146.14013671875, 70.21487465331137 ], [ -147.43652343749997, 70.32613725493573 ], [ -148.40332031249997, 70.51024068514326 ], [ -149.47998046875, 70.63448406630856 ], [ -149.85351562499997, 70.63448406630856 ], [ -150.64453125, 70.59802116106809 ], [ -151.611328125, 70.61261423801925 ], [ -151.8310546875, 70.7724429742589 ], [ -152.02880859375, 70.90226826757711 ], [ -152.666015625, 71.0098110139634 ], [ -153.52294921875, 71.05979781529196 ], [ -154.31396484375, 70.95969716686398 ], [ -154.70947265625, 71.20191973293133 ], [ -155.41259765625, 71.3219146980122 ], [ -156.46728515625, 71.45515260247822 ], [ -157.10449218749997, 71.34301347171373 ], [ -157.58789062499997, 71.21607526596131 ], [ -157.91748046875, 70.99550574822297 ], [ -158.62060546875, 70.9883492241249 ], [ -159.30175781249997, 70.98119010476937 ], [ -159.98291015625, 70.94535555009823 ], [ -160.51025390625, 70.73622993891799 ], [ -160.90576171875, 70.58341752317065 ], [ -161.5869140625, 70.45150843439349 ], [ -161.78466796875, 70.45885925640687 ], [ -162.5537109375, 70.34092679475283 ], [ -163.05908203125, 70.09552886456429 ], [ -163.388671875, 69.81689109911446 ], [ -163.564453125, 69.51914693717981 ], [ -164.02587890625, 69.15474044269264 ], [ -164.90478515625, 69.03714171275197 ], [ -165.69580078124997, 68.97416358340674 ], [ -166.26708984375, 69.01354605132325 ], [ -166.376953125, 68.80004113882613 ], [ -166.66259765624997, 68.5443150407769 ], [ -167.1240234375, 68.39918004344189 ], [ -166.61865234375, 68.17155518732503 ], [ -166.5087890625, 67.99110834539984 ], [ -165.87158203125, 67.8672645403614 ], [ -164.61914062499997, 67.47492238478702 ], [ -164.24560546874997, 67.23806155909902 ], [ -164.091796875, 67.02458758377148 ], [ -163.10302734375, 66.87834504307976 ], [ -163.05908203125, 66.73990169639414 ], [ -162.66357421875, 66.58321725728175 ], [ -162.333984375, 66.48697584176404 ], [ -162.3779296875, 66.34632215978135 ], [ -163.2568359375, 66.31103501145373 ], [ -163.19091796875, 66.55700652350038 ], [ -163.76220703124997, 66.73990169639414 ], [ -164.46533203125, 66.69647781801481 ], [ -165.30029296875, 66.55700652350038 ], [ -166.1572265625, 66.41674787052298 ], [ -166.9482421875, 66.24916310923315 ], [ -167.3876953125, 66.01801815922045 ], [ -168.42041015625, 65.56754970214311 ], [ -168.02490234375, 65.33017791526855 ], [ -167.45361328125, 65.18303007291382 ], [ -166.9921875, 64.86760781632728 ], [ -166.7724609375, 64.49172504435471 ], [ -165.69580078124997, 64.24459476798195 ], [ -164.59716796875, 64.29229248039543 ], [ -164.13574218749997, 64.26368374017731 ], [ -163.49853515625, 64.18724867664994 ], [ -162.5537109375, 64.27322328178595 ], [ -161.82861328124997, 64.24459476798195 ], [ -161.52099609375, 63.93737246791484 ], [ -163.125, 63.68524808030715 ], [ -163.93798828125, 63.41119772365924 ], [ -164.5751953125, 63.32254947641308 ], [ -165.41015625, 63.15435519659187 ], [ -165.78369140625, 62.75472592723178 ], [ -166.26708984375, 62.42090322195164 ], [ -166.5966796875, 62.155240711732425 ], [ -166.48681640625, 61.616843178481375 ], [ -166.2451171875, 61.23853141060282 ], [ -165.849609375, 60.8663124746226 ], [ -166.5966796875, 60.56537850464181 ], [ -167.34375, 60.468050120874615 ], [ -167.80517578125, 60.20707506634915 ], [ -167.8271484375, 60.09771842541544 ], [ -167.89306640624997, 59.93300042374631 ], [ -167.03613281249997, 59.712097173322924 ], [ -166.640625, 59.61221219518693 ], [ -165.95947265624997, 59.60109549032134 ], [ -165.47607421874997, 59.74532608213611 ], [ -165.10253906249997, 59.95501026206206 ], [ -164.794921875, 59.987997631212224 ], [ -164.72900390624997, 59.7563950493563 ], [ -164.46533203125, 59.54545678424146 ], [ -163.8720703125, 59.54545678424146 ], [ -163.14697265625, 59.60109549032134 ], [ -162.26806640625, 59.62332522313024 ], [ -162.20214843749997, 59.17592824927136 ], [ -162.35595703125, 58.81374171570782 ], [ -162.57568359375, 58.6769376725869 ], [ -162.09228515625, 58.39019698411526 ], [ -161.455078125, 58.39019698411526 ], [ -160.68603515625, 58.44773280389084 ], [ -160.1806640625, 58.516651799363785 ], [ -159.71923828125, 58.58543569119917 ], [ -159.43359375, 58.47072082411973 ], [ -159.08203125, 58.33256713195789 ], [ -158.55468749999997, 58.286395482881034 ], [ -158.44482421874997, 58.619777025081675 ], [ -157.60986328125, 58.52812515905843 ], [ -158.00537109375, 58.00809779306888 ], [ -158.48876953125, 57.468589192089354 ], [ -159.49951171875, 56.84897198026975 ], [ -161.0595703125, 56.389583525613055 ], [ -164.9267578125, 54.97761367069628 ], [ -165.9814453125, 54.470037612805754 ], [ -168.55224609375, 53.73571574532637 ], [ -173.232421875, 52.92215137976296 ], [ -175.62744140624997, 52.3755991766591 ], [ -177.86865234375, 52.13348804077147 ], [ -181.34033203125, 52.348763181988105 ], [ -185.60302734375, 53.09402405506325 ], [ -187.58056640625, 53.38332836757156 ], [ -188.1298828125, 52.9883372533954 ], [ -186.5478515625, 52.14697334064471 ], [ -182.21923828125, 51.52241608253253 ], [ -180.0439453125, 50.88917404890332 ], [ -178.9453125, 50.98609893339354 ], [ -178.00048828125, 51.440312757160115 ], [ -176.8359375, 51.467696956223364 ], [ -175.36376953125, 51.7406361640977 ], [ -171.826171875, 52.119998657638156 ], [ -167.62939453124997, 52.9883372533954 ], [ -166.728515625, 53.186287573913305 ], [ -165.9375, 53.553362785528094 ], [ -165.30029296875, 53.76170183021049 ], [ -164.3115234375, 54.149567212540525 ], [ -163.89404296875, 54.29088164657006 ], [ -163.3447265625, 54.18815548107151 ], [ -162.26806640625, 54.07228265560388 ], [ -162.09228515625, 54.3549556895541 ], [ -161.89453125, 54.7246201949245 ], [ -161.0595703125, 54.80068486732233 ], [ -160.400390625, 54.67383096593114 ], [ -159.19189453125, 54.61025498157912 ], [ -159.14794921875, 55.07836723201515 ], [ -158.79638671875, 55.429013452407396 ], [ -157.58789062499997, 55.825973254619015 ], [ -155.7421875, 55.541064956111036 ], [ -154.62158203125, 56.01066647040695 ], [ -153.47900390625, 56.43820369358165 ], [ -151.45751953125, 57.397624055000456 ], [ -151.4794921875, 58.07787626787517 ], [ -151.45751953125, 58.75680543225761 ], [ -149.74365234374997, 59.38917842312835 ], [ -148.51318359375, 59.63443457494949 ], [ -146.689453125, 59.355596110016315 ], [ -144.51416015625, 59.75086102411168 ], [ -144.3109130859375, 59.87239799228177 ], [ -143.8330078125, 59.968758992382334 ], [ -143.0694580078125, 60.031929699115615 ], [ -141.5533447265625, 59.842055288480076 ], [ -140.9051513671875, 59.68160832698723 ], [ -140.020751953125, 59.478568831926395 ], [ -139.1693115234375, 59.234986238722 ], [ -138.82873535156247, 59.09138238455909 ], [ -138.3233642578125, 58.96983560365735 ], [ -138.1146240234375, 58.862064179600374 ], [ -138.076171875, 58.722598828043374 ], [ -136.9775390625, 58.19387126497797 ], [ -136.56005859375, 57.7862326105289 ], [ -135.966796875, 57.33838126552897 ], [ -136.03271484375, 57.052681978717494 ], [ -135.81298828125, 56.92099675839107 ], [ -134.571533203125, 55.8845546603819 ], [ -134.2034912109375, 55.56592203025787 ], [ -133.8958740234375, 55.263468250921285 ], [ -133.7530517578125, 55.06264118216743 ], [ -133.6102294921875, 54.64523407607479 ], [ -133.2421875, 54.635697306063854 ], [ -130.6171417236328, 54.70637513489091 ], [ -130.62950134277344, 54.72422365048395 ], [ -130.62606811523438, 54.73651472417763 ], [ -130.65765380859375, 54.762274228176494 ], [ -130.62950134277344, 54.78247406031503 ], [ -130.5663299560547, 54.79237225560392 ], [ -130.49697875976562, 54.82877675365454 ], [ -130.42282104492188, 54.87423625974835 ], [ -130.34591674804688, 54.91569803760518 ], [ -130.27244567871094, 54.97288463122321 ], [ -130.18661499023438, 55.062247951730015 ], [ -130.18043518066406, 55.091729515360875 ], [ -130.15090942382812, 55.12393783348962 ], [ -130.14747619628906, 55.14160209881279 ], [ -130.10284423828125, 55.19219635238084 ], [ -129.97169494628906, 55.28146181651345 ], [ -129.97581481933594, 55.30022902025666 ], [ -130.02044677734375, 55.33890835596374 ], [ -130.0396728515625, 55.45043679812318 ], [ -130.0884246826172, 55.496749338303694 ], [ -130.12825012207028, 55.58144971869657 ], [ -130.10971069335938, 55.68223010941079 ], [ -130.14816284179688, 55.71473455012689 ], [ -130.15296936035156, 55.7649857705176 ], [ -130.12550354003906, 55.80475427021683 ], [ -130.0843048095703, 55.82134464477078 ], [ -130.00465393066406, 55.90573012454021 ], [ -130.00465393066406, 55.9130425993163 ], [ -130.0190734863281, 55.912657766599715 ], [ -130.00259399414062, 56.00605986001467 ], [ -130.10421752929688, 56.12297419573329 ], [ -130.24635314941406, 56.09693875609652 ], [ -130.3479766845703, 56.12794955397159 ], [ -130.42556762695312, 56.14134155069025 ], [ -130.4674530029297, 56.24373146827144 ], [ -130.55740356445312, 56.249454174583384 ], [ -130.5677032470703, 56.25479459547735 ], [ -130.62400817871094, 56.2685236855868 ], [ -130.78262329101562, 56.36715174252849 ], [ -131.08612060546875, 56.40668363558357 ], [ -131.16989135742188, 56.44883107459549 ], [ -131.473388671875, 56.551913918713375 ], [ -131.58119201660156, 56.61204220477141 ], [ -131.8352508544922, 56.59843662755775 ], [ -131.85997009277344, 56.702620872371355 ], [ -131.89979553222656, 56.75347577609789 ], [ -131.87232971191406, 56.805765643008264 ], [ -132.12432861328122, 56.87374615531272 ], [ -132.0467376708984, 57.04521234171931 ], [ -132.3687744140625, 57.09149987857074 ], [ -132.2472381591797, 57.211056900559335 ], [ -132.3680877685547, 57.347273783306676 ], [ -132.55210876464844, 57.49516565182901 ], [ -132.65853881835938, 57.61562391374733 ], [ -132.75466918945312, 57.69680911844304 ], [ -132.8693389892578, 57.83853792318956 ], [ -133.06983947753906, 58.00082136594698 ], [ -133.17283630371094, 58.15404059343076 ], [ -133.34518432617188, 58.27628739957773 ], [ -133.45985412597656, 58.38731772556939 ], [ -133.37608337402344, 58.430481925680034 ], [ -133.70567321777344, 58.611194853078764 ], [ -133.83956909179685, 58.730440812979516 ], [ -134.25979614257812, 58.861354043320055 ], [ -134.3360137939453, 58.92414471817596 ], [ -134.3140411376953, 58.962755708753306 ], [ -134.4060516357422, 58.978683427688686 ], [ -134.38133239746094, 59.03878841190553 ], [ -134.44656372070312, 59.08820785301446 ], [ -134.48501586914062, 59.13121539881386 ], [ -134.56329345703125, 59.130510792073984 ], [ -134.67933654785156, 59.191757369765085 ], [ -134.70130920410156, 59.24973478117606 ], [ -134.95742797851562, 59.279914277804906 ], [ -135.02883911132812, 59.34649517787861 ], [ -134.9897003173828, 59.3877798237848 ], [ -135.10093688964844, 59.42622028594434 ], [ -135.07827758789062, 59.45275367774563 ], [ -135.0274658203125, 59.47473269180728 ], [ -135.03021240234375, 59.564245132658975 ], [ -135.11810302734372, 59.62367244601488 ], [ -135.15586853027344, 59.625061301654334 ], [ -135.2190399169922, 59.6632323288228 ], [ -135.23345947265625, 59.69650975428769 ], [ -135.252685546875, 59.69789559656873 ], [ -135.36048889160156, 59.73598378851403 ], [ -135.4779052734375, 59.79821644465919 ], [ -135.94894409179688, 59.6632323288228 ], [ -136.1927032470703, 59.63998787256213 ], [ -136.34788513183594, 59.60109549032134 ], [ -136.25038146972656, 59.56633207991906 ], [ -136.24076843261716, 59.55972296971678 ], [ -136.24076843261716, 59.52387204745182 ], [ -136.3066864013672, 59.46461714320982 ], [ -136.36642456054688, 59.4496126517294 ], [ -136.47628784179688, 59.46566371970234 ], [ -136.46804809570312, 59.28552611855346 ], [ -136.49620056152344, 59.27465233689575 ], [ -136.4900207519531, 59.26096748461385 ], [ -136.5840911865234, 59.166075318301345 ], [ -136.8285369873047, 59.16009179641602 ], [ -136.8793487548828, 59.13544273484683 ], [ -137.28240966796875, 59.0009698708429 ], [ -137.449951171875, 58.908900972391415 ], [ -137.52548217773438, 58.906418795609426 ], [ -137.5000762939453, 58.985760051467075 ], [ -137.54127502441406, 59.10478272378236 ], [ -137.60787963867188, 59.24376590151355 ], [ -138.62617492675778, 59.76746035005358 ], [ -138.66600036621094, 59.80961318716828 ], [ -138.6797332763672, 59.84481485969105 ], [ -138.70582580566406, 59.90650046741583 ], [ -139.05258178710938, 59.994179105518434 ], [ -139.19952392578125, 60.08950200748712 ], [ -139.0711212158203, 60.3187885497516 ], [ -139.07386779785156, 60.35243208301854 ], [ -139.69253540039062, 60.33544473468298 ], [ -139.97955322265625, 60.181818669034776 ], [ -140.4595184326172, 60.30858669066228 ], [ -140.5199432373047, 60.22003701633967 ], [ -141.00128173828125, 60.3058656567224 ], [ -141.0007667541504, 69.64681951728146 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -173.07586669921875, 60.72157115165579 ], [ -173.155517578125, 60.69469537287745 ], [ -173.15277099609375, 60.64356945377967 ], [ -173.08135986328125, 60.61123754937553 ], [ -173.04016113281247, 60.58157148491742 ], [ -173.08135986328125, 60.53972302275651 ], [ -173.089599609375, 60.511343283202464 ], [ -173.05938720703125, 60.4788788301667 ], [ -172.98248291015625, 60.468050120874615 ], [ -172.94677734374997, 60.43689744859958 ], [ -172.8424072265625, 60.403001945865476 ], [ -172.78472900390625, 60.373144671593685 ], [ -172.7105712890625, 60.329667021005825 ], [ -172.6611328125, 60.3187885497516 ], [ -172.5897216796875, 60.309266913738156 ], [ -172.49908447265625, 60.31606836555203 ], [ -172.4139404296875, 60.3187885497516 ], [ -172.35076904296875, 60.3187885497516 ], [ -172.30682373046872, 60.29021531318375 ], [ -172.2381591796875, 60.29021531318375 ], [ -172.17498779296875, 60.30518536282736 ], [ -172.2381591796875, 60.333745513303114 ], [ -172.34527587890625, 60.378575303227215 ], [ -172.364501953125, 60.40164539086417 ], [ -172.43041992187497, 60.40571488624096 ], [ -172.4798583984375, 60.39757538658664 ], [ -172.57598876953125, 60.41249624776229 ], [ -172.6556396484375, 60.43689744859958 ], [ -172.77374267578122, 60.4788788301667 ], [ -172.83416748046875, 60.50052541051131 ], [ -172.89459228515625, 60.550527811064846 ], [ -172.8863525390625, 60.588316165776824 ], [ -172.91656494140625, 60.62606036274505 ], [ -172.98797607421875, 60.658377412327326 ], [ -173.01544189453125, 60.69469537287745 ], [ -173.07586669921875, 60.72157115165579 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -171.650390625, 63.809167882566385 ], [ -171.793212890625, 63.82128765261384 ], [ -171.80419921875, 63.73147780336167 ], [ -171.8426513671875, 63.65601144183318 ], [ -171.8865966796875, 63.54365806976644 ], [ -171.859130859375, 63.42594585479083 ], [ -171.7877197265625, 63.34966546248425 ], [ -171.62841796875, 63.32501562217765 ], [ -171.474609375, 63.28306240110864 ], [ -171.353759765625, 63.29540792564745 ], [ -171.2548828125, 63.33980806067484 ], [ -171.1395263671875, 63.38413977217118 ], [ -171.002197265625, 63.389061297647125 ], [ -170.760498046875, 63.34966546248425 ], [ -170.57373046875, 63.32501562217765 ], [ -170.41992187499997, 63.27812271092345 ], [ -170.343017578125, 63.1989725264735 ], [ -170.3594970703125, 63.156835740093236 ], [ -170.2496337890625, 63.156835740093236 ], [ -170.145263671875, 63.156835740093236 ], [ -170.0408935546875, 63.14194929585152 ], [ -169.9090576171875, 63.087300267152735 ], [ -169.8321533203125, 63.03753005973634 ], [ -169.7991943359375, 62.990169510232555 ], [ -169.8101806640625, 62.95522304515911 ], [ -169.74975585937497, 62.922735326966595 ], [ -169.617919921875, 62.91523303947614 ], [ -169.54650878906247, 62.9502272814474 ], [ -169.4915771484375, 62.97270150065472 ], [ -169.508056640625, 62.99765260346662 ], [ -169.4970703125, 63.04251090966805 ], [ -169.43664550781247, 63.08978654472616 ], [ -169.34326171874997, 63.11712157280328 ], [ -169.178466796875, 63.13946747896222 ], [ -169.1070556640625, 63.14443090047572 ], [ -168.958740234375, 63.104699747121074 ], [ -168.760986328125, 63.112153479825004 ], [ -168.67309570312497, 63.203925767041305 ], [ -168.662109375, 63.26576978358972 ], [ -168.7115478515625, 63.3348780927218 ], [ -168.92578125, 63.366907787681754 ], [ -169.07958984374997, 63.366907787681754 ], [ -169.25537109375, 63.37183226679281 ], [ -169.420166015625, 63.376755901872734 ], [ -169.5245361328125, 63.389061297647125 ], [ -169.6124267578125, 63.43331707559086 ], [ -169.705810546875, 63.46278300222105 ], [ -169.8211669921875, 63.46523712749102 ], [ -169.947509765625, 63.48976680530999 ], [ -170.0079345703125, 63.59011870211632 ], [ -170.0958251953125, 63.658448979940175 ], [ -170.2386474609375, 63.704722429433225 ], [ -170.4638671875, 63.73390885572919 ], [ -170.5902099609375, 63.721751503619956 ], [ -170.7659912109375, 63.6779417467744 ], [ -171.2164306640625, 63.648697570849286 ], [ -171.474609375, 63.6779417467744 ], [ -171.54052734375, 63.75334975181205 ], [ -171.650390625, 63.809167882566385 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -170.40618896484375, 57.022794415389725 ], [ -170.3155517578125, 57.043718234032625 ], [ -170.22216796875, 57.119841130872615 ], [ -170.1947021484375, 57.14518072479997 ], [ -170.11505126953125, 57.18985535714817 ], [ -170.08209228515625, 57.227042992549855 ], [ -170.07110595703125, 57.271618718194446 ], [ -170.189208984375, 57.23893512461504 ], [ -170.2386474609375, 57.22852971878346 ], [ -170.32928466796875, 57.22852971878346 ], [ -170.3704833984375, 57.22406936030381 ], [ -170.49407958984375, 57.20473490715757 ], [ -170.41992187499997, 57.12878649751151 ], [ -170.364990234375, 57.11387635258491 ], [ -170.42266845703125, 57.06910989239133 ], [ -170.46112060546875, 57.033257797376066 ], [ -170.40618896484375, 57.022794415389725 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.8321533203125, 56.62904228542147 ], [ -169.8211669921875, 56.60486209416893 ], [ -169.7991943359375, 56.586716786451156 ], [ -169.71405029296875, 56.565536245992064 ], [ -169.71405029296875, 56.551913918713375 ], [ -169.63165283203125, 56.51707901932375 ], [ -169.56024169921875, 56.515563731608296 ], [ -169.5025634765625, 56.553427752820355 ], [ -169.43115234375, 56.58369172128337 ], [ -169.43664550781247, 56.626020608371924 ], [ -169.56024169921875, 56.63055303322322 ], [ -169.6783447265625, 56.62450967912138 ], [ -169.8321533203125, 56.62904228542147 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.04687499999999, 49.15296965617042 ], [ -123.92578125, 48.574789910928864 ], [ -125.5078125, 48.40003249610685 ], [ -125.24414062499999, 46.195042108660154 ], [ -125.595703125, 43.389081939117496 ], [ -124.365234375, 38.61687046392973 ], [ -121.81640624999999, 34.74161249883172 ], [ -118.564453125, 33.358061612778876 ], [ -118.21289062499999, 32.54681317351514 ], [ -115.927734375, 32.84267363195431 ], [ -114.43359375, 32.175612478499325 ], [ -111.005859375, 31.42866311735861 ], [ -108.28125, 30.977609093348686 ], [ -108.10546875, 31.87755764334002 ], [ -106.69921875, 31.80289258670676 ], [ -105.732421875, 30.90222470517144 ], [ -104.67773437499999, 29.611670115197377 ], [ -103.18359375, 29.075375179558346 ], [ -102.12890625, 29.916852233070173 ], [ -101.42578124999999, 29.38217507514529 ], [ -100.1953125, 27.761329874505233 ], [ -98.87695312499999, 26.43122806450644 ], [ -97.20703125, 25.958044673317843 ], [ -96.94335937499999, 27.059125784374068 ], [ -96.85546875, 27.68352808378776 ], [ -96.15234375, 28.22697003891834 ], [ -94.921875, 28.844673680771795 ], [ -93.779296875, 29.38217507514529 ], [ -92.021484375, 28.998531814051795 ], [ -89.736328125, 28.844673680771795 ], [ -88.9453125, 29.76437737516313 ], [ -88.154296875, 29.916852233070173 ], [ -86.923828125, 29.84064389983441 ], [ -85.78125, 29.305561325527698 ], [ -84.111328125, 29.53522956294847 ], [ -83.583984375, 28.92163128242129 ], [ -83.408203125, 27.839076094777816 ], [ -82.265625, 25.64152637306577 ], [ -80.85937499999999, 24.5271348225978 ], [ -79.716796875, 25.48295117535531 ], [ -79.62890625, 27.761329874505233 ], [ -80.771484375, 30.06909396443887 ], [ -80.85937499999999, 31.50362930577303 ], [ -78.75, 32.69486597787505 ], [ -76.9921875, 33.7243396617476 ], [ -75.5859375, 35.67514743608467 ], [ -75.146484375, 37.16031654673677 ], [ -74.44335937499999, 38.685509760012 ], [ -73.47656249999999, 39.639537564366684 ], [ -71.806640625, 40.84706035607122 ], [ -69.345703125, 41.83682786072714 ], [ -70.048828125, 42.5530802889558 ], [ -69.9609375, 43.389081939117496 ], [ -67.1484375, 44.902577996288876 ], [ -67.236328125, 45.213003555993964 ], [ -67.67578124999999, 45.706179285330855 ], [ -67.8515625, 46.619261036171515 ], [ -68.02734375, 47.39834920035926 ], [ -69.43359375, 47.338822694822 ], [ -70.6640625, 45.460130637921004 ], [ -71.630859375, 44.96479793033101 ], [ -75.41015624999999, 44.96479793033101 ], [ -77.080078125, 44.02442151965934 ], [ -77.783203125, 43.83452678223682 ], [ -79.27734374999999, 43.45291889355465 ], [ -79.27734374999999, 42.68243539838623 ], [ -81.2109375, 42.22851735620852 ], [ -82.880859375, 41.902277040963696 ], [ -82.705078125, 42.68243539838623 ], [ -82.001953125, 44.02442151965934 ], [ -82.529296875, 45.583289756006316 ], [ -83.671875, 46.49839225859763 ], [ -84.814453125, 46.86019101567027 ], [ -87.802734375, 48.16608541901253 ], [ -88.9453125, 48.10743118848039 ], [ -89.912109375, 48.22467264956519 ], [ -91.669921875, 48.3416461723746 ], [ -93.42773437499999, 48.516604348867475 ], [ -94.5703125, 48.748945343432936 ], [ -94.921875, 49.38237278700955 ], [ -95.09765625, 48.980216985374994 ], [ -123.04687499999999, 49.15296965617042 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.884521484375, 18.245003052249718 ], [ -67.9998779296875, 18.151071665214936 ], [ -67.9669189453125, 17.97873309555617 ], [ -67.532958984375, 17.900341634875257 ], [ -66.55517578125, 17.86374708440522 ], [ -65.28076171875, 18.01530387941711 ], [ -65.1324462890625, 18.31802573200145 ], [ -65.269775390625, 18.437924653474408 ], [ -65.5938720703125, 18.536908560288477 ], [ -66.13220214843749, 18.578568865536027 ], [ -67.0660400390625, 18.588982352118453 ], [ -67.467041015625, 18.47960905583197 ], [ -67.884521484375, 18.245003052249718 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.19165039062497, 22.004174972902003 ], [ -160.400390625, 21.90227796666864 ], [ -160.26855468749997, 21.688057256795442 ], [ -159.9169921875, 21.861498734372567 ], [ -157.357177734375, 20.992214250886114 ], [ -156.368408203125, 19.963022929830807 ], [ -156.170654296875, 19.20742852680121 ], [ -155.72021484375, 18.79191774423444 ], [ -154.632568359375, 19.559790136497412 ], [ -155.45654296875, 20.313720903877954 ], [ -155.885009765625, 20.951179993976236 ], [ -157.32421875, 21.49396356306447 ], [ -157.884521484375, 21.790107059807873 ], [ -158.917236328125, 22.075459351546858 ], [ -159.334716796875, 22.350075806124867 ], [ -159.686279296875, 22.2992614997412 ], [ -160.19165039062497, 22.004174972902003 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d732","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Howard, K. A.","contributorId":48938,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howard","given":"K.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752821,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aaron, J.M.","contributorId":73998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aaron","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752822,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brabb, E. E.","contributorId":43780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabb","given":"E.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752823,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, M. R.","contributorId":96230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752824,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gower, H. D.","contributorId":49765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gower","given":"H.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752825,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunt, S. J.","contributorId":48177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752826,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":6},{"text":"Milton, D.J.","contributorId":44121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milton","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752827,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":7},{"text":"Muehlberger, W.R.","contributorId":66732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlberger","given":"W.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752828,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nakata, J. K.","contributorId":70784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakata","given":"J. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752829,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":9},{"text":"Plafker, George 0000-0003-3972-0390","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-0390","contributorId":36603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752830,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":10},{"text":"Prowell, D.C.","contributorId":95475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prowell","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752831,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":11},{"text":"Wallace, R. E.","contributorId":6823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752832,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":12},{"text":"Witkind, I. J.","contributorId":54221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witkind","given":"I.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752833,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":13}]}} ]}