{"pageNumber":"518","pageRowStart":"12925","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46670,"records":[{"id":70110746,"text":"70110746 - 2014 - Seismic‐wave attenuation determined from tectonic tremor in multiple subduction zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-10T16:52:25","indexId":"70110746","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic‐wave attenuation determined from tectonic tremor in multiple subduction zones","docAbstract":"Tectonic tremor provides a new source of observations that can be used to constrain the seismic attenuation parameter for ground‐motion prediction and hazard mapping. Traditionally, recorded earthquakes of magnitude ∼3–8 are used to develop ground‐motion prediction equations; however, typical earthquake records may be sparse in areas of high hazard. In this study, we constrain the distance decay of seismic waves using measurements of the amplitude decay of tectonic tremor, which is plentiful in some regions. Tectonic tremor occurs in the frequency band of interest for ground‐motion prediction (i.e., ∼2–8  Hz) and is located on the subducting plate interface, at the lower boundary of where future large earthquakes are expected. We empirically fit the distance decay of peak ground velocity from tremor to determine the attenuation parameter in four subduction zones: Nankai, Japan; Cascadia, United States–Canada; Jalisco, Mexico; and southern Chile. With the large amount of data available from tremor, we show that in the upper plate, the lower crust is less attenuating than the upper crust. We apply the same analysis to intraslab events in Nankai and show the possibility that waves traveling from deeper intraslab events experience more attenuation than those from the shallower tremor due to ray paths that pass through the subducting and highly attenuating oceanic crust. This suggests that high pore‐fluid pressure is present in the tremor source region. These differences imply that the attenuation parameter determined from intraslab earthquakes may underestimate ground motion for future large earthquakes on the plate interface.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120140032","usgsCitation":"Yabe, S., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Ide, S., and Beroza, G.C., 2014, Seismic‐wave attenuation determined from tectonic tremor in multiple subduction zones: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 4, p. 2043-2059, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120140032.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2043","endPage":"2059","numberOfPages":"17","ipdsId":"IP-054237","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294935,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294934,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120140032"}],"country":"Canada, Chile, Japan, Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Cascadia","volume":"104","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542fbaabe4b092f17df61dc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yabe, Suguru","contributorId":38921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yabe","given":"Suguru","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ide, Satoshi","contributorId":106037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ide","given":"Satoshi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":23866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70127480,"text":"70127480 - 2014 - Climate change and plant community composition in national parks of the southwestern US: forecasting regional, long-term effects to meet management needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T14:26:14","indexId":"70127480","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T14:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and plant community composition in national parks of the southwestern US: forecasting regional, long-term effects to meet management needs","docAbstract":"The National Park Service (NPS) faces tremendous management challenges in the future as climates alter the abundance and distribution of plant species. These challenges will be especially daunting in the southwestern U.S., where large increases in aridity are forecasted. The expected reduction in water availability will negatively affect plant growth and may result in shifts of plant community composition. Synthesis of climate and plant vital sign data from National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) networks is essential to provide park managers with important insights into contemporary climate responses and a sound basis to forecast likely future changes at species, community, and ecosystem scales. We describe a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and NPS in which we have conducted regional cross-site assessments across the Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts to understand plant species responses to past climate and forecast future plant community composition. We also determined whether a widely-implemented vegetation monitoring protocol in these deserts is suitable to track long-term vegetation changes caused by climate and other factors. Our results from these analyses are intended to help natural resource managers identify and prepare for changes in plant cover and community composition and evaluate the efficacy of current monitoring programs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The George Wright Forum","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","usgsCitation":"Munson, S.M., Belnap, J., Webb, R., Hubbard, J.A., Reiser, M., and Gallo, K., 2014, Climate change and plant community composition in national parks of the southwestern US: forecasting regional, long-term effects to meet management needs: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 137-148.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-056339","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294872,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294579,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/node/9643"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico, Texas","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6946e4b092f17df5a780","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hubbard, J. Andrew","contributorId":68236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reiser, M. Hildegard","contributorId":15125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"M. Hildegard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gallo, Kirsten","contributorId":81037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70116360,"text":"70116360 - 2014 - Thresholds for protecting Pacific Northwest ecosystems from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: state of knowledge report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T14:02:43","indexId":"70116360","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T13:59:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/PWRO/NRR--2014/823","title":"Thresholds for protecting Pacific Northwest ecosystems from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: state of knowledge report","docAbstract":"The National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service manage areas in the states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington – collectively referred to in this report as the Pacific Northwest - that contain significant natural resources and provide many recreational opportunities.  The agencies are mandated to protect the air quality and air pollution-sensitive resources on these federal lands.  Human activity has greatly increased the amount of nitrogen emitted to the atmosphere, resulting in elevated amounts of nitrogen being deposited in park and forest ecosystems.  There is limited information in the Pacific Northwest about the levels of nitrogen that negatively affect natural systems, i.e., the critical loads.  The National Park Service and U.S. Forest Service, with scientific input from the U.S. Geological Survey, have developed an approach for accumulating additional nitrogen critical loads information in the Pacific Northwest and using the data in planning and regulatory arenas.  As a first step in that process, this report summarizes the current state of knowledge about nitrogen deposition, effects, and critical loads in the region. It also describes ongoing research efforts and identifies and prioritizes additional data needs.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Cummings, T., Blett, T., Porter, E., Geiser, L., Graw, R., McMurray, J., Perakis, S.S., and Rochefort, R., 2014, Thresholds for protecting Pacific Northwest ecosystems from atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: state of knowledge report: Natural Resource Report NPS/PWRO/NRR--2014/823, v. 2014/823, vii, 45 p.","productDescription":"vii, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"57","ipdsId":"IP-055969","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289759,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Profile/2211363"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon;Washington","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.79,41.96 ], [ -124.79,49.0 ], [ -111.07,49.0 ], [ -111.07,41.96 ], [ -124.79,41.96 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2014/823","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ed9e4b0e641df8a71ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cummings, Tonnie","contributorId":41760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"Tonnie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blett, Tamara","contributorId":61070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blett","given":"Tamara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Porter, Ellen","contributorId":102817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"Ellen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Geiser, Linda","contributorId":26721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiser","given":"Linda","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graw, Rick","contributorId":77824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graw","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McMurray, Jill","contributorId":23085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMurray","given":"Jill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Perakis, Steven S. sperakis@usgs.gov","contributorId":3117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perakis","given":"Steven","email":"sperakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rochefort, Regina","contributorId":29751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rochefort","given":"Regina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70204954,"text":"70204954 - 2014 - Barcodes are a useful tool for labeling and tracking ecological samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T14:06:12","indexId":"70204954","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Barcodes are a useful tool for labeling and tracking ecological samples","docAbstract":"<p>Barcodes are used to label and track just about everything these days. Look around your office, in your medicine cabinet, at the package you just received in the mail, or on the shelves of any shop in town, and you will immediately grasp the ubiquity of their use. Interestingly, railroads and supermarkets were the early pioneers of barcode development: the former needing a way to track railway car location and ownership on a national scale, the latter needing a way to track a diverse array of products and to decrease checkout times (Nelson 1997). Barcodes first came to use in the sciences via the field of medicine, and the medical literature contains hundreds of publications describing how this technology has reduced errors in patient specimen identification and handling, where error mitigation is crucial. In short, barcodes have been adopted by many industries, and in many fields they are now synonymous with asset tracking.</p><p>In spite of their potential to efficiently organize “assets” (i.e., samples) and minimize human error, the use of barcodes has yet to gain widespread application in ecology. In an age where students take notes on laptops instead of paper, and where “text messaging” involves a smartphone rather than a ball‐point pen, why do otherwise tech‐savvy ecologists persist in hand‐labeling samples? Why do we repeatedly transcribe long and unique identifiers at each step in the process of sample analysis, thereby wasting time and creating opportunities for transcription errors and data loss? Why are most sample storage areas only successfully navigable by the lab manager who personally shelved the samples? In the case of our large ecology lab—and, we suspect, in many others as well—the answer to these questions was perpetually, “bar‐coding won't be worth the trouble.” Recently, however, we realized this was no longer a sufficient answer when we started a new research project that involved collecting an additional thousands of samples each year; we decided to embrace the tangible benefits of an electronic labeling system, and implemented barcoding in our lab.</p><p>To be clear, the use of barcoding in ecology is not completely novel, and there have been early adopters of this technology. For example, the Cedar Creek Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site has been using barcodes since at least the mid‐1990s to track the large number of samples collected in their long‐term experimental grasslands (T. A. Kennedy,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>personal observation</i>). Overall, however, Cedar Creek is an outlier: in informal e‐mail surveys of LTER sites, only two of eight respondents used barcodes for sample identification or tracking, and even then their use was generally limited to certain samples or certain stages of sample analysis. Our objective in this article is to use our lab as a case study to highlight the potential of barcodes to simplify numerous aspects of sample collection and processing.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/0012-9623-95.3.293","usgsCitation":"Copp, A.J., Kennedy, T.A., and Muehlbauer, J.D., 2014, Barcodes are a useful tool for labeling and tracking ecological samples: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 95, no. 3, p. 293-300, https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-95.3.293.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"300","ipdsId":"IP-056502","costCenters":[{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-95.3.293","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366921,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River, Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.82022094726562,\n              36.50853235745396\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.84356689453125,\n              36.51405119943165\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.96716308593749,\n              36.46988944681576\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.0440673828125,\n              36.1822249804225\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.38739013671874,\n              36.39696752441776\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.69226074218749,\n              36.43233216371692\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.873291015625,\n              36.22876574685929\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0216064453125,\n              36.06908224732973\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.851318359375,\n              35.833401703805094\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.39263916015625,\n              35.69299463209881\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.2635498046875,\n              35.85343961959182\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.280029296875,\n              36.04243673532787\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.0218505859375,\n              36.1822249804225\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.76504516601562,\n              36.274171699242515\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.5933837890625,\n              36.25202575042051\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.38601684570312,\n              36.13232917178139\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.98226928710936,\n              36.01689298881379\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.83258056640625,\n              36.045767917668705\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.77627563476562,\n              36.153400163891945\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.82022094726562,\n              36.50853235745396\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Copp, Adam J. 0000-0001-7385-0055 acopp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-0055","contributorId":5194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copp","given":"Adam","email":"acopp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Theodore A. 0000-0003-3477-3629 tkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-3629","contributorId":167537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Theodore","email":"tkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muehlbauer, Jeffrey D. 0000-0003-1808-580X jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1808-580X","contributorId":5045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muehlbauer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmuehlbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70125955,"text":"70125955 - 2014 - Importance of biogeomorphic and spatial properties in assessing a tidal salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T17:15:17","indexId":"70125955","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T13:31:30","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of biogeomorphic and spatial properties in assessing a tidal salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise","docAbstract":"We evaluated the biogeomorphic processes of a large (309 ha) tidal salt marsh and examined factors that influence its ability to keep pace with relative sea-level rise (SLR). Detailed elevation data from 1995 and 2008 were compared with digital elevation models (DEMs) to assess marsh surface elevation change during this time. Overall, 37 % (113 ha) of the marsh increased in elevation at a rate that exceeded SLR, whereas 63 % (196 ha) of the area did not keep pace with SLR. Of the total area, 55 % (169 ha) subsided during the study period, but subsidence varied spatially across the marsh surface. To determine which biogeomorphic and spatial factors contributed to measured elevation change, we collected soil cores and determined percent and origin of organic matter (OM), particle size, bulk density (BD), and distance to nearest bay edge, levee, and channel. We then used Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) model selection to assess those variables most important to determine measured elevation change. Soil stable isotope compositions were evaluated to assess the source of the OM. The samples had limited percent OM by weight (<5.5 %), with mean bulk densities of 0.58 g cm<sup>-3</sup>, indicating that the soils had high mineral content with a relatively low proportion of pore space. The most parsimonious model with the highest AICc weight (0.53) included distance from bay's edge (i.e., lower intertidal) and distance from levee (i.e., upper intertidal). Close proximity to sediment source was the greatest factor in determining whether an area increased in elevation, whereas areas near landward levees experienced subsidence. Our study indicated that the ability of a marsh to keep pace with SLR varied across the surface, and assessing changes in elevation over time provides an alternative method to long-term accretion monitoring. SLR models that do not consider spatial variability of biogeomorphic and accretion processes may not correctly forecast marsh drowning rates, which may be especially true in modified and urbanized estuaries. In light of SLR, improving our understanding of elevation change in these dynamic marsh systems will play a crucial role in forecasting potential impacts to their sustainability and the survival of these ecosystems.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine Research Federation","publisherLocation":"Port Republic, MD","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9725-x","usgsCitation":"Thorne, K.M., Elliott-Fisk, D., Wylie, G.D., Perry, W.M., and Takekawa, J.Y., 2014, Importance of biogeomorphic and spatial properties in assessing a tidal salt marsh vulnerability to sea-level rise: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 37, no. 4, p. 941-951, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9725-x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"941","endPage":"951","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-041606","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472897,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9725-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":294176,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294137,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9725-x"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf438e4b0e96537ddf738","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657 kthorne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":4191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen","email":"kthorne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elliott-Fisk, Deborah L.","contributorId":46859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott-Fisk","given":"Deborah L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Perry, William M. 0000-0002-6180-8180 wmperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6180-8180","contributorId":5124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"William","email":"wmperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70121899,"text":"70121899 - 2014 - Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:13:06","indexId":"70121899","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1738,"text":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)","title":"Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","docAbstract":"<p>Methyl-mercury (MeHg) is a potent neuroendocrine disruptor that impairs reproductive processes in fish. The objectives of this study were to (1) characterize transcriptomic changes induced by MeHg exposure in the female largemouth bass (LMB) hypothalamus under controlled laboratory conditions, (2) investigate the health and reproductive impacts of MeHg exposure on male and female largemouth bass (LMB) in the natural environment, and (3) identify MeHg-associated gene expression patterns in whole brain of female LMB from MeHg-contaminated habitats. The laboratory experiment was a single injection of 2.5 μg MeHg/g body weight for 96 h exposure. The field survey compared river systems in Florida, USA with comparably lower concentrations of MeHg (Wekiva, Santa Fe, and St. Johns Rivers) in fish and one river system with LMB that contained elevated concentrations of MeHg (St. Marys River). Microarray analysis was used to quantify transcriptomic responses to MeHg exposure. Although fish at the high-MeHg site did not show overt health or reproductive impairment, there were MeHg-responsive genes and pathways identified in the laboratory study that were also altered in fish from the high-MeHg site relative to fish at the low-MeHg sites. Gene network analysis suggested that MeHg regulated the expression targets of neuropeptide receptor and steroid signaling, as well as structural components of the cell. Disease-associated gene networks related to MeHg exposure, based upon expression data, included cerebellum ataxia, movement disorders, and hypercalcemia. Gene responses in the CNS are consistent with the documented neurotoxicological and neuroendocrine disrupting effects of MeHg in vertebrates.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029","usgsCitation":"Richter, C., Martyniuk, C.J., Annis, M., Brumbaugh, W.G., Chasar, L.C., Denslow, N., and Tillitt, D.E., 2014, Methylmercury-induced changes in gene transcription associated with neuroendocrine disruption in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides): General and Comparative Endocrinology, v. 203, p. 215-224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"224","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-052553","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4145016","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293037,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293036,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029"}],"volume":"203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fd9f5fe4b0adaeea6c4e57","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.03.029","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Richter Catherine A., Martyniuk Christopher J., Annis Mandy L., Brumbaugh William G., Chasar Lia C., Denslow Nancy D., Tillitt Donald E.","journalName":"General and Comparative Endocrinology","publicationDate":"7/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richter, Catherine A.","contributorId":100990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Catherine A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martyniuk, Christopher J.","contributorId":9972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martyniuk","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Annis, Mandy L.","contributorId":41575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Annis","given":"Mandy L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chasar, Lia C.","contributorId":91196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chasar","given":"Lia","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denslow, Nancy D.","contributorId":72831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denslow","given":"Nancy D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70133230,"text":"70133230 - 2014 - Reply to Efford on ‘Integrating resource selection information with spatial capture-recapture’","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T19:14:55.066942","indexId":"70133230","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to Efford on ‘Integrating resource selection information with spatial capture-recapture’","docAbstract":"<p>1. We proposed (<em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 2013, 4) a model for combining telemetry data with spatial capture&ndash;recapture (SCR) data that was vigorously criticized by Efford (<em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 2014, 000, 000). Efford's main claim was that our encounter probability model was incorrect, and therefore our R code and simulation results were wrong.</p>\n<p>2. In fact, our encounter probability model is correct under the Poisson point process model that we used as a basis for our integrated model. On the other hand, the basis for Efford's claims clearly rest on the assumption of an alternative model which, while possibly useful, is distinct from that analysed in Royle et al. (Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 2013, 4).</p>\n<p>3. A key point of Royle et al. (<em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 2013, 4) was that active resource selection induces heterogeneity in encounter probability which, if unaccounted for, should bias estimates of population size or density. The models of Royle et al. (<em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 2013, 4) and Efford (<em>Methods in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 2014, 000, 000) merely amount to alternative models of resource selection, and hence varying amounts of heterogeneity in encounter probability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","usgsCitation":"Royle, J., Chandler, R., Sun, C.C., and Fuller, A.K., 2014, Reply to Efford on ‘Integrating resource selection information with spatial capture-recapture’: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, v. 5, no. 7, p. 603-605.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"603","endPage":"605","numberOfPages":"3","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056116","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296076,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295956,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12205/abstract"}],"volume":"5","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d638e4b04d4b7dbd665a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Royle, J. Andrew 0000-0003-3135-2167 aroyle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-2167","contributorId":3504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Royle","given":"J. Andrew","email":"aroyle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chandler, Richard rchandler@usgs.gov","contributorId":2511,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chandler","given":"Richard","email":"rchandler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13266,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, The University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sun, Catherine C.","contributorId":70274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sun","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Angela K. 0000-0002-9247-7468 afuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7468","contributorId":3984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Angela","email":"afuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157127,"text":"70157127 - 2014 - Sediment concentrations, flow conditions, and downstream evolution of two turbidity currents, Monterey Canyon, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-09T10:35:41","indexId":"70157127","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1370,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sediment concentrations, flow conditions, and downstream evolution of two turbidity currents, Monterey Canyon, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The capacity of turbidity currents to carry sand and coarser sediment from shallow to deep regions in the submarine environment has attracted the attention of researchers from different disciplines. Yet not only are field measurements of oceanic turbidity currents a rare achievement, but also the data that have been collected consist mostly of velocity records with very limited or no suspended sediment concentration or grain size distribution data. This work focuses on two turbidity currents measured in Monterey Canyon in 2002 with emphasis on suspended sediment from unique samples collected within the body of these currents. It is shown that concentration and grain size of the suspended material, primarily controlled by the source of the gravity flows and their interaction with bed material, play a significant role in shaping the characteristics of the turbidity currents as they travel down the canyon. Before the flows reach their normal or quasi-steady state, which is defined by bed slope, bed roughness, and suspended grain size, they might pass through a preliminary adjustment stage where they are subject to capacity-driven deposition, and release heavy material in excess. Flows composed of fine (silt/clay) sediments tend to be thicker than those with sands. The measured velocity and concentration data confirm that flow patterns differ between the front and body of turbidity currents and that, even after reaching normal state, the flow regime can be radically disrupted by abrupt changes in canyon morphology.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.001","usgsCitation":"Xu, J., Sequeiros, O.E., and Noble, M.A., 2014, Sediment concentrations, flow conditions, and downstream evolution of two turbidity currents, Monterey Canyon, USA: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, v. 89, p. 11-34, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.04.001.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"34","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049816","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f15832e4b0dacf699eb97d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xu, Jingping jpx@usgs.gov","contributorId":2574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Jingping","email":"jpx@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sequeiros, Octavio E.","contributorId":147450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sequeiros","given":"Octavio","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":16856,"text":"Shell Global Solutions International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noble, Marlene A. mnoble@usgs.gov","contributorId":1429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noble","given":"Marlene","email":"mnoble@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70115014,"text":"70115014 - 2014 - Pyroclast textural variation as an indicator of eruption column steadiness in andesitic Plinian eruptions at Mt. Ruapehu","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T09:13:19","indexId":"70115014","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T11:11:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pyroclast textural variation as an indicator of eruption column steadiness in andesitic Plinian eruptions at Mt. Ruapehu","docAbstract":"Between 27 and 11 cal. ka BP, a transition is observed in Plinian eruptions at Mt. Ruapehu, indicating evolution from non-collapsing (steady and oscillatory) eruption columns to partially collapsing columns (both wet and dry). To determine the causes of these variations over this eruptive interval, we examined lapilli fall deposits from four eruptions representing the climactic phases of each column type. All eruptions involve andesite to basaltic andesite magmas containing plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and magnetite phenocrysts. Differences occur in the dominant pumice texture, the degree of bulk chemistry and textural variability, the average microcrystallinity and the composition of groundmass glass. In order to investigate the role of ascent and degassing processes on column stability, vesicle textures were quantified by gas volume pycnometry (porosity), X-ray synchrotron and computed microtomography (μ-CT) imagery from representative clasts from each eruption. These data were linked to groundmass crystallinity and glass geochemistry. Pumice textures were classified into six types (foamy, sheared, fibrous, microvesicular, microsheared and dense) according to the vesicle content, size and shape and microlite content. Bulk porosities vary from 19 to 95 % among all textural types. Melt-referenced vesicle number density ranges between 1.8 × 10<sup>2</sup> and 8.9 × 10<sup>2</sup> mm<sup>−3</sup>, except in fibrous textures, where it spans from 0.3 × 10<sup>2</sup> to 53 × 10<sup>2</sup> mm</sup>−3</sup>. Vesicle-free magnetite number density varies within an order of magnitude from 0.4 × 10<sup>2</sup> to 4.5 × 10<sup>2</sup> mm<sup>−3</sup> in samples with dacitic groundmass glass and between 0.0 and 2.3 × 10<sup>2</sup> mm<sup>−3</sup> in samples with rhyolitic groundmass. The data indicate that columns that collapsed to produce pyroclastic flows contained pumice with the greatest variation in bulk composition (which overlaps with but extends to slightly more silicic compositions than other eruptive products); textures indicating heterogeneous bubble nucleation, progressively more complex growth history and shear-localization; and the highest degrees of microlite crystallization, most evolved melt compositions and lowest relative temperatures. These findings suggest that collapsing columns in Ruapehu have been produced when strain localization is prominent, early bubble nucleation occurs and variation in decompression rate across the conduit is greatest. This study shows that examination of pumice from steady phases that precede column collapse may be used to predict subsequent column behaviour.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-014-0822-x","usgsCitation":"Pardo, N., Cronin, S.J., Wright, H.M., Schipper, C.I., Smith, I., and Stewart, B., 2014, Pyroclast textural variation as an indicator of eruption column steadiness in andesitic Plinian eruptions at Mt. Ruapehu: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 76, no. 5, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-014-0822-x.","productDescription":"19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","ipdsId":"IP-051160","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289304,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Ruapehu","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 175.3988,-39.4004 ], [ 175.3988,-39.1655 ], [ 175.7497,-39.1655 ], [ 175.7497,-39.4004 ], [ 175.3988,-39.4004 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"76","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3ca55e4b07c5f79a7f31b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pardo, Natalia","contributorId":63729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo","given":"Natalia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Shane J.","contributorId":98640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, Heather M. 0000-0001-9013-507X hwright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-507X","contributorId":3949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Heather","email":"hwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schipper, C. Ian","contributorId":102395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schipper","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Ian","contributorId":46426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stewart, Bob","contributorId":36863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Bob","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70117448,"text":"70117448 - 2014 - Geologic history of Siletzia, a large igneous province in the Oregon and Washington Coast Range: Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale and implications for a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-26T13:33:57.393233","indexId":"70117448","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic history of Siletzia, a large igneous province in the Oregon and Washington Coast Range: Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale and implications for a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot","docAbstract":"Siletzia is a basaltic Paleocene and Eocene large igneous province in coastal Oregon, Washington, and southern Vancouver Island that was accreted to North America in the early Eocene. New U-Pb magmatic, detrital zircon, and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages constrained by detailed field mapping, global nannoplankton zones, and magnetic polarities allow correlation of the volcanics with the 2012 geologic time scale. The data show that Siletzia was rapidly erupted 56–49 Ma, during the Chron 25–22 plate reorganization in the northeast Pacific basin. Accretion was completed between 51 and 49 Ma in Oregon, based on CP11 (CP—Coccolith Paleogene zone) coccoliths in strata overlying onlapping continental sediments. Magmatism continued in the northern Oregon Coast Range until ca. 46 Ma with the emplacement of a regional sill complex during or shortly after accretion. Isotopic signatures similar to early Columbia River basalts, the great crustal thickness of Siletzia in Oregon, rapid eruption, and timing of accretion are consistent with offshore formation as an oceanic plateau. Approximately 8 m.y. after accretion, margin parallel extension of the forearc, emplacement of regional dike swarms, and renewed magmatism of the Tillamook episode peaked at 41.6 Ma (CP zone 14a; Chron 19r). We examine the origin of Siletzia and consider the possible role of a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot using the reconstruction in GPlates, an open source plate model. In most hotspot reference frames, the Yellowstone hotspot (YHS) is on or near an inferred northeast-striking Kula-Farallon and/or Resurrection-Farallon ridge between 60 and 50 Ma. In this configuration, the YHS could have provided a 56–49 Ma source on the Farallon plate for Siletzia, which accreted to North America by 50 Ma. A sister plateau, the Eocene basalt basement of the Yakutat terrane, now in Alaska, formed contemporaneously on the adjacent Kula (or Resurrection) plate and accreted to coastal British Columbia at about the same time. Following accretion of Siletzia, the leading edge of North America overrode the YHS ca. 42 Ma. The voluminous high-Ti basaltic to alkalic magmatism of the 42–35 Ma Tillamook episode and extension in the forearc may be related to the encounter with an active YHS. Clockwise rotation of western Oregon about a pole in the backarc has since moved the Tillamook center and underlying Siletzia northward ∼250 km from the probable hotspot track on North America. In the reference frames we examined, the YHS arrives in the backarc ∼5 m.y. too early to match the 17 Ma magmatic flare-up commonly attributed to the YHS. We suggest that interaction with the subducting slab may have delayed arrival of the plume beneath the backarc.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01018.1","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., Bukry, D., Friedman, R., Pyle, D., Duncan, R., Haeussler, P.J., and Wooden, J., 2014, Geologic history of Siletzia, a large igneous province in the Oregon and Washington Coast Range: Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity time scale and implications for a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 4, p. 692-719, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01018.1.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"692","endPage":"719","numberOfPages":"28","ipdsId":"IP-052697","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472904,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01018.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291674,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Oregon, Vancouver, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Siletzia","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.0,40.0 ], [ -158.0,68.0 ], [ -114.0,68.0 ], [ -114.0,40.0 ], [ -158.0,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e1efcbe4b0fe532be2de21","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, Ray 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":71260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"Ray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":30980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Richard","contributorId":59363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pyle, Douglas","contributorId":56985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyle","given":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duncan, Robert","contributorId":74688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duncan","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wooden, Joe","contributorId":14313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70048967,"text":"sir20105090O - 2014 - Regional mapping of hydrothermally altered igneous rocks along the Urumieh-Dokhtar, Chagai, and Alborz Belts of western Asia using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and Interactive Data Language (IDL) logical operators: a tool for porphyry copper exploration and assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048967,"text":"sir20105090O - 2014 - Regional mapping of hydrothermally altered igneous rocks along the Urumieh-Dokhtar, Chagai, and Alborz Belts of western Asia using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and Interactive Data Language (IDL) logical operators: a tool for porphyry copper exploration and assessment","indexId":"sir20105090O","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"O","title":"Regional mapping of hydrothermally altered igneous rocks along the Urumieh-Dokhtar, Chagai, and Alborz Belts of western Asia using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and Interactive Data Language (IDL) logical operators: a tool for porphyry copper exploration and assessment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70040436,"text":"sir20105090 - 2010 - Global mineral resource assessment","indexId":"sir20105090","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Global mineral resource assessment"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T19:41:36.072193","indexId":"sir20105090O","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5090","chapter":"O","title":"Regional mapping of hydrothermally altered igneous rocks along the Urumieh-Dokhtar, Chagai, and Alborz Belts of western Asia using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and Interactive Data Language (IDL) logical operators: a tool for porphyry copper exploration and assessment","docAbstract":"<p>Regional maps of phyllic and argillic hydrothermal alteration were compiled using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and logical operator algorithms. The area mapped extends from northwestern Iran to southeastern Pakistan and includes volcanic and magmatic arcs that make up the Urumieh-Dokhtar volcanic belt (UDVB), the Chagai volcanic belt (CVB), and the central part of the Alborz magmatic belt (AMB). The volcanic belts span the Zagros-Makran transform zone and the present day Baluchistan (Makran) volcanic arc. ASTER visible near infrared (VNIR) data contain three bands between 0.52 and 0.86 micrometers (&mu;m) and the short-wave infrared (SWIR) data consist of six bands spanning 1.6 to 2.43 &mu;m with 15-meter (m), and 30-m resolution, respectively.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>During the 8-year project, three different calibration methods were used to correct ASTER SWIR anomalies and produce ASTER calibrated reflectance data, which were then used to map hydrothermally altered rocks. Logical operators, used to map hydrothermally altered rocks, perform multiple band ratios and thresholds that can be applied to multiple ASTER scenes using a single algorithm, thus eliminating separate production and application of vegetation and dark pixel masks. Argillic and phyllic band ratio logical operators use band ratios that define the 2.17- and 2.20-&mu;m absorption features to map kaolinite and alunite, typical in argillized rocks, and muscovite, which is a common mineral in phyllic alteration. Band thresholds for ratios in argillic and phyllic logical operator algorithms were determined by mapping known argillic and phyllic rocks at a calibration test site in Cuprite, Nevada, in the United States.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The regional argillic and phyllic hydrothermal alteration map and geologic and deposit maps of the study area illustrate that distinct patterns of altered rocks are typically associated with certain types of mineral deposits. The central part of the UDVB contains numerous circular to elliptical patterns (1 to 5 kilometers in diameter) of mapped phyllic- and argillic-altered rocks associated with Eocene to Miocene intrusive igneous rocks, some of which host known porphyry copper deposits such as at Meiduk, Sar Cheshmeh, and Seridune in Iran. The Zagros-Makran transform zone and areas adjacent to the Saindak porphyry deposit and Taftan Volcano contain primarily phyllic-altered rocks that form linear patterns associated with extensive faulting and fractures indicative of epithermal and (or) polymetallic vein deposits.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The ASTER alteration map and corresponding geologic maps were used to select circular to elliptical patterns of argillic- and phyllic-altered volcanic and intrusive rocks as potential porphyry copper sites. One hundred and seventy eight potential porphyry copper sites were mapped along the UDVB, and 23 sites were mapped along the CVB. The potential sites were selected to assist in further exploration and assessments of undiscovered porphyry copper deposits.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global mineral resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105090O","usgsCitation":"Mars, J.L., 2014, Regional mapping of hydrothermally altered igneous rocks along the Urumieh-Dokhtar, Chagai, and Alborz Belts of western Asia using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and Interactive Data Language (IDL) logical operators: a tool for porphyry copper exploration and assessment: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090, Report: vi, 36 p.; 2 Appendixes; GIS package; 10 Plates: 45.03 x 44.85 inches or smaller, 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,{"id":70128589,"text":"70128589 - 2014 - The economics of roadside bear viewing","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T11:14:25","indexId":"70128589","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T10:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The economics of roadside bear viewing","docAbstract":"<p><span>Viewing bears along roadside habitats is a popular recreational activity in certain national parks throughout the United States. However, safely managing visitors during traffic jams that result from this activity often requires the use of limited park resources. Using unique visitor survey data, this study quantifies economic values associated with roadside bear viewing in Yellowstone National Park, monetary values that could be used to determine whether this continued use of park resources is warranted on economic grounds. Based on visitor expenditure data and results of a contingent visitation question, it is estimated that summer Park visitation would decrease if bears were no longer allowed to stay along roadside habitats, resulting in a loss of 155 jobs in the local economy. Results from a nonmarket valuation survey question indicate that on average, visitors to Yellowstone National Park are willing to pay around $41 more in Park entrance fees to ensure that bears are allowed to remain along roads within the Park. Generalizing this value to the relevant population of visitors indicates that the economic benefits of allowing this wildlife viewing opportunity to continue could outweigh the costs of using additional resources to effectively manage these traffic jams.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.051","usgsCitation":"Richardson, L., Rosen, T., Gunther, K., and Schwartz, C., 2014, The economics of roadside bear viewing: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 140, p. 102-110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.051.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"102","endPage":"110","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046407","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Kerry","contributorId":17929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwartz, Chuck","contributorId":27378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Chuck","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70126399,"text":"70126399 - 2014 - Development of eighteen microsatellite loci in walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T11:55:08","indexId":"70126399","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T09:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of eighteen microsatellite loci in walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>A suite of tri- and tetra-nucleotide microsatellite loci were developed for walleye (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sander vitreus</i><span>) from 454 pyrosequencing data. Eighteen of the 50 primer sets tested amplified consistently in 35 walleye from two lakes on Isle Royale, Lake Superior: Chickenbone Lake and Whittlesey Lake. The loci displayed moderate levels of allelic diversity (average 5.5 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (average 35.8&nbsp;%). Levels of genetic diversity were sufficient to produce unique multi-locus genotypes and detect phylogeographic structuring as individuals assigned back to their population of origin. Cross-species amplification within </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">S. canadensis</i><span>(sauger) was successful for 15 loci, and 11 loci were diagnostic to species. The loci characterized here will be useful for detecting fine-scale spatial structuring, resolving the taxonomic status of </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sander</i><span> species and sub-species, and detecting walleye/sauger hybrids.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-014-0275-8","usgsCitation":"Coykendall, D.K., Morrison, C., Stott, W., and Springmann, M.J., 2014, Development of eighteen microsatellite loci in walleye (<i>Sander vitreus</i>): Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 6, no. 4, p. 1019-1021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0275-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1021","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057830","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294262,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-014-0275-8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Chickenbone Lake;Whittlesey Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.730243,48.001517 ], [ -88.730243,48.076659 ], [ -88.687804,48.076659 ], [ -88.687804,48.001517 ], [ -88.730243,48.001517 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb21e4b08312ac7cefe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coykendall, D. Katharine 0000-0002-1148-2397 dcoykendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-2397","contributorId":5472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coykendall","given":"D.","email":"dcoykendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Katharine","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. 0000-0001-9425-691X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":78082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stott, Wendylee wstott@usgs.gov","contributorId":3763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stott","given":"Wendylee","email":"wstott@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":501995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Springmann, Marcus J. mspringmann@usgs.gov","contributorId":4372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springmann","given":"Marcus","email":"mspringmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118620,"text":"70118620 - 2014 - Experimental design and quality assurance: in situ fluorescence instrumentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T09:54:18","indexId":"70118620","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T09:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Experimental design and quality assurance: in situ fluorescence instrumentation","docAbstract":"<p>Both instrument design and capabilities of fluorescence spectroscopy have greatly advanced over the last several decades. Advancements include solid-state excitation sources, integration of fiber optic technology, highly sensitive multichannel detectors, rapid-scan monochromators, sensitive spectral correction techniques, and improve data manipulation software (Christian et al., 1981, Lochmuller and Saavedra, 1986; Cabniss and Shuman, 1987; Lakowicz, 2006; Hudson et al., 2007). The cumulative effect of these improvements have pushed the limits and expanded the application of fluorescence techniques to numerous scientific research fields. One of the more powerful advancements is the ability to obtain in situ fluorescence measurements of natural waters (Moore, 1994).</p>\n<br>\n<p>The development of submersible fluorescence instruments has been made possible by component miniaturization and power reduction including advances in light sources technologies (light-emitting diodes, xenon lamps, ultraviolet [UV] lasers) and the compatible integration of new optical instruments with various sampling platforms (Twardowski et at., 2005 and references therein). The development of robust field sensors skirt the need for cumbersome and or time-consuming filtration techniques, the potential artifacts associated with sample storage, and coarse sampling designs by increasing spatiotemporal resolution (Chen, 1999; Robinson and Glenn, 1999). The ability to obtain rapid, high-quality, highly sensitive measurements over steep gradients has revolutionized investigations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) optical properties, thereby enabling researchers to address novel biogeochemical questions regarding colored or chromophoric DOM (CDOM).</p>\n<br>\n<p>This chapter is dedicated to the origin, design, calibration, and use of in situ field fluorometers. It will serve as a review of considerations to be accounted for during the operation of fluorescence field sensors and call attention to areas of concern when making this type of measurement. Attention is also given to ways in which in-water fluorescence measurements have revolutionized biogeochemical studies of CDOM and how those measurements can be used in conjunction with remotely sense satellite data to understand better the biogeochemistry of DOM in aquatic environments.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aquatic organic matter fluorescence","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","isbn":"9780521764612","usgsCitation":"Conmy, R.N., Del Castillo, C.E., Downing, B.D., and Chen, R.F., 2014, Experimental design and quality assurance: in situ fluorescence instrumentation, chap. <i>of</i> Aquatic organic matter fluorescence, p. 190-233.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"190","endPage":"233","numberOfPages":"44","ipdsId":"IP-029501","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6954e4b092f17df5a837","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conmy, Robyn N.","contributorId":98657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conmy","given":"Robyn","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Del Castillo, Carlos E.","contributorId":76238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Del Castillo","given":"Carlos","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chen, Robert F.","contributorId":70707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70118052,"text":"70118052 - 2014 - Monitoring rationale, strategy, issues, and methods: UMRR-EMP LTRMP fish component","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T09:42:48","indexId":"70118052","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T09:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"2014-P001a","title":"Monitoring rationale, strategy, issues, and methods: UMRR-EMP LTRMP fish component","docAbstract":"<p>The Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP), an element of the multiagency partnership Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program, has been monitoring fishes in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) for over two decades, using scientific and highly standardized methods. Today, the LTRMP’s data assets represent one of the world’s largest and most extensive datasets on a great river.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Methods and procedures used over the past two decades have been documented and have proven a key tool towards gaining data that are (a) scientifically valid, (b) comparable over time, and (c) comparable over space. These procedures manuals coordinate and standardize methods, procedures, and field behaviors in the execution of long-term monitoring, permitting the informed management and control of important sources of error actually under program control.</p>\n<br>\n<p>As LTRMP databases have matured in scope and accumulated more years' worth of data, their utility in research and management in the UMRS basin has increased notably. To maximize their utility, data users need not only be aware of “how the data were collected,” as portrayed in the procedures manuals, but also “why the data were collected in the way they were, at the scales they were, and in the manner that they were.” Whereas the procedures manuals contribute information as to the “how” the data were gained, this document seeks to contribute information as to the “why.” As such, this document is intended to be a companion document to the procedures manuals.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Herein, we present information on the rationale for monitoring nearly one-fifth of the entire North American freshwater fish fauna (representing the greatest freshwater fish diversity on the planet at temperate latitudes); strategies employed and their reasoning; and discussions on issues associated with the sampling design itself, data arising therefrom, and uses of those data in different contexts.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"A product of the <a href=\"http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/ltrmp.html\">Long Term Resource Monitoring Program</a>, an element of the <a href=\"http://www.mvr.usace.army.mil/Missions/EnvironmentalProtectionandRestoration/UpperMississippiRiverRestoration.aspx\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program</a>","usgsCitation":"Ickes, B.S., Sauer, J.S., and Rogala, J.T., 2014, Monitoring rationale, strategy, issues, and methods: UMRR-EMP LTRMP fish component, vi, 29 p.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"40","ipdsId":"IP-053641","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293896,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70118052.jpg"},{"id":293895,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-p001a/pdf/ltrmp2014-p001a.pdf"},{"id":290988,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-p001a/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois;Iowa;Minnesota;Montana;Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.98,36.72 ], [ -96.98,46.42 ], [ -87.47,46.42 ], [ -87.47,36.72 ], [ -96.98,36.72 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195147e4b091c7ffc8e781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ickes, Brian S.","contributorId":6812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-1563-1425 jsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-1425","contributorId":609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"Jennifer","email":"jsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70074728,"text":"ofr20141009 - 2014 - Statistical analysis of the water-quality monitoring program, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and optimization of the program for 2013 and beyond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T15:06:20","indexId":"ofr20141009","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1009","title":"Statistical analysis of the water-quality monitoring program, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and optimization of the program for 2013 and beyond","docAbstract":"<p>Upper Klamath Lake in south-central Oregon has become increasingly eutrophic over the past century and now experiences seasonal cyanobacteria-dominated and potentially toxic phytoplankton blooms. Growth and decline of these blooms create poor water-quality conditions that can be detrimental to fish, including two resident endangered sucker species. Upper Klamath Lake is the primary water supply to agricultural areas within the upper Klamath Basin. Water from the lake is also used to generate power and to enhance and sustain downstream flows in the Klamath River.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Water quality in Upper Klamath Lake has been monitored by the Klamath Tribes since the early 1990s and by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since 2002. Management agencies and other stakeholders have determined that a re-evaluation of the goals for water-quality monitoring is warranted to assess whether current data-collection activities will continue to adequately provide data for researchers to address questions of interest and to facilitate future natural resource management decisions. The purpose of this study was to (1) compile an updated list of the goals and objectives for long-term water-quality monitoring in Upper Klamath Lake with input from upper Klamath Basin stakeholders, (2) assess the current water-quality monitoring programs in Upper Klamath Lake to determine whether existing data-collection strategies can fulfill the updated goals and objectives for monitoring, and (3) identify potential modifications to future monitoring plans in accordance with the updated monitoring objectives and improve stakeholder cooperation and data-collection efficiency.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Data collected by the Klamath Tribes and the USGS were evaluated to determine whether consistent long-term trends in water-quality variables can be described by the dataset and whether the number and distribution of currently monitored sites captures the full range of environmental conditions and the multi-scale variability of water-quality parameters in the lake. Also, current monitoring strategies were scrutinized for unnecessary redundancy within the overall network.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141009","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Eldridge, S.L., Wherry, S., and Wood, T.M., 2014, Statistical analysis of the water-quality monitoring program, Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, and optimization of the program for 2013 and beyond: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1009, Report: vi, 82 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141009.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 82 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"92","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049748","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289286,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141009.jpg"},{"id":289271,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1009/"},{"id":289284,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1009/pdf/ofr2014-1009.pdf"},{"id":289285,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1009/downloads/ofr2014-1009_appendix.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Basin;Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.2,42.08 ], [ -122.2,42.625 ], [ -121.6,42.625 ], [ -121.6,42.08 ], [ -122.2,42.08 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3ca55e4b07c5f79a7f31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eldridge, Sara L. Caldwell 0000-0001-8838-8940","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-8940","contributorId":26199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldridge","given":"Sara","email":"","middleInitial":"L. Caldwell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wherry, Susan A.","contributorId":79403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wherry","given":"Susan A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70101061,"text":"70101061 - 2014 - Effects of environmental amenities and locational disamenities on home values in the Santa Cruz watershed: a hedonic analysis using census data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-03T11:36:46","indexId":"70101061","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T07:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Effects of environmental amenities and locational disamenities on home values in the Santa Cruz watershed: a hedonic analysis using census data","docAbstract":"<p>For this study, we used the hedonic pricing method to measure the effects of natural amenities on home prices in the U.S-side of the Santa Cruz Watershed.  We employed multivariate spatial regression techniques to estimate how difference factors affect median home values in 613 census block groups of the 2000 Census, accounting for spatial autocorrelation, spatial lags, and/or spatial heterogeneity in the data.  Diagnostic tests suggest that failure to account for the hedonic model can be classified as (1) physical features of the housing stock, (2) neighborhood characteristics, and (3) environmental attributes.  Census data was combined with GIS data for vegetation and land cover, land administration, measures of species richness and open space, and proximity to amenities and disamenities.  Census block groups close to the US-Mexico border of airports/air bases were negative.  Results suggest that policies to maintain biodiversity and open space provide economic benefits to homeowners, reflected in higher home values.  Future research will quantify the marginal effects of regression explanatory variables on home values to assess their economic and policy significant.  These marginal effects will be used as input indicators to discern potential economic impacts of various scenarios in the Santa Cruz Watershed Ecosystem Portfolio Model (SCWEPM).  Future research will also expand this effort into the Mexican-portion of the watershed.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"Santa Cruz River Researchers� Day 2012","conferenceTitle":"Santa Cruz River Researchers' Day 2012 - <i>4th Annual</i>","conferenceDate":"2012-03-29T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, AZ","language":"English","publisher":"The Sonoran Institute","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Arora, G., Frisvold, G., and Norman, L., 2014, Effects of environmental amenities and locational disamenities on home values in the Santa Cruz watershed: a hedonic analysis using census data, 18 p.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-039103","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289426,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","county":"Santa Cruz County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.36689,31.332177 ], [ -111.36689,31.731819 ], [ -110.45172,31.731819 ], [ -110.45172,31.332177 ], [ -111.36689,31.332177 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b6ee4b014fc094d5462","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arora, Gaurav","contributorId":81020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arora","given":"Gaurav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frisvold, George","contributorId":9569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frisvold","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Laura","contributorId":90382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70171449,"text":"70171449 - 2014 - Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T14:06:30","indexId":"70171449","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Timber harvesting has been proposed as a management tool to enhance breeding habitat for the Cerulean Warbler (</span><i>Setophaga cerulea</i><span>), a declining Neotropical&ndash;Nearctic migratory songbird that nests in the canopy of mature eastern deciduous forests. To evaluate how this single-species management focus might fit within an ecologically based management approach for multiple forest birds, we performed a manipulative experiment using four treatments (three intensities of timber harvests and an unharvested control) at each of seven study areas within the core Cerulean Warbler breeding range. We collected pre-harvest (one year) and post-harvest (four years) data on the territory density of Cerulean Warblers and six additional focal species, avian community relative abundance, and several key habitat variables. We evaluated the avian and habitat responses across the 3&ndash;32&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;residual basal area (RBA) range of the treatments. Cerulean Warbler territory density peaked with medium RBA (&sim;16&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>). In contrast, territory densities of the other focal species were negatively related to RBA (e.g., Hooded Warbler [</span><i>Setophaga citrina</i><span>]), were positively related to RBA (e.g., Ovenbird [</span><i>Seiurus aurocapilla</i><span>]), or were not sensitive to this measure (Scarlet Tanager [</span><i>Piranga olivacea</i><span>]). Some species (e.g., Hooded Warbler) increased with time post-treatment and were likely tied to a developing understory, whereas declines (e.g., Ovenbird) were immediate. Relative abundance responses of additional species were consistent with the territory density responses of the focal species. Across the RBA gradient, greatest separation in the avian community was between early successional forest species (e.g., Yellow-breasted Chat [</span><i>Icteria virens</i><span>]) and closed-canopy mature forest species (e.g., Ovenbird), with the Cerulean Warbler and other species located intermediate to these two extremes. Overall, our results suggest that harvests within 10&ndash;20&nbsp;m</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;ha</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>&nbsp;RBA yield the largest increases in Cerulean Warblers, benefit additional disturbance-dependent species, and may retain closed-canopy species but at reduced levels. Harvests outside the optimum RBA range for Cerulean Warblers can support bird assemblages specifically associated with early or late (closed-canopy) successional stages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.037","usgsCitation":"Sheehan, J., Wood, P.B., Buehler, D.A., Keyser, P.D., Larkin, J.L., Rodewald, A.D., Wigley, T.B., Boves, T.J., George, G.A., Bakermans, M.H., Beachy, T.A., Evans, A., McDermott, M., Newell, F.L., Perkins, K.A., and White, M., 2014, Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 321, p. 5-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.037.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044515","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"321","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5b1e4b0ee97d51a8392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":169745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buehler, David A.","contributorId":169746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larkin, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":169747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rodewald, Amanda D.","contributorId":169748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodewald","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wigley, T. Bently","contributorId":169749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wigley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bently","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Boves, Than J.","contributorId":169750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boves","given":"Than","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"George, Gregory A.","contributorId":169751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bakermans, Marja H.","contributorId":169752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakermans","given":"Marja","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33354,"text":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Beachy, Tiffany A.","contributorId":169753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beachy","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Evans, Andrea","contributorId":169754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McDermott, Molly E. 0000-0002-0000-0831","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-0831","contributorId":169743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDermott","given":"Molly E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Newell, Felicity L.","contributorId":169755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Felicity","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Perkins, Kelly A.","contributorId":169756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"White, Matthew","contributorId":169757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}}
,{"id":70192171,"text":"70192171 - 2014 - Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-28T16:28:37.813748","indexId":"70192171","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1434,"text":"Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design","docAbstract":"<div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Proposals are developed to update Tables 11.4-1 and 11.4-2 of Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures published as American Society of Civil Engineers Structural Engineering Institute standard 7-10 (ASCE/SEI 7–10). The updates are mean next generation attenuation (NGA) site coefficients inferred directly from the four NGA ground motion prediction equations used to derive the maximum considered earthquake response maps adopted in ASCE/SEI 7–10. Proposals include the recommendation to use straight-line interpolation to infer site coefficients at intermediate values of<span>&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/a4f14e15-dbae-4e55-ab1e-52d76a997121/eqe2400-math-0001.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00988847:media:eqe2400:eqe2400-math-0001\" data-mce-src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/a4f14e15-dbae-4e55-ab1e-52d76a997121/eqe2400-math-0001.png\">(average shear velocity to 30-m depth). The NGA coefficients are shown to agree well with adopted site coefficients at low levels of input motion (0.1 g) and those observed from the Loma Prieta earthquake. For higher levels of input motion, the majority of the adopted values are within the 95% epistemic-uncertainty limits implied by the NGA estimates with the exceptions being the mid-period site coefficient,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub><i>v</i></sub>, for site class D and the short-period coefficient,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><sub><i>a</i></sub>, for site class C, both of which are slightly less than the corresponding 95% limit. The NGA data base shows that the median value<span>&nbsp;</span><img class=\"section_image\" src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/3250907a-2378-4674-8c1a-f04f935d1b51/eqe2400-math-0002.png\" alt=\"urn:x-wiley:00988847:media:eqe2400:eqe2400-math-0002\" data-mce-src=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/3250907a-2378-4674-8c1a-f04f935d1b51/eqe2400-math-0002.png\"><span>&nbsp;</span>of 913 m/s for site class B is more typical than 760 m/s as a value to characterize firm to hard rock sites as the uniform ground condition for future maximum considered earthquake response ground motion estimates. Future updates of NGA ground motion prediction equations can be incorporated easily into future adjustments of adopted site coefficients using procedures presented herein. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Earthquake Engineering &amp; Structural Dynamics</i><span>&nbsp;</span>published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eqe.2400","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R.D., 2014, Implications of next generation attenuation ground motion prediction equations for site coefficients used in earthquake resistant design: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, v. 43, no. 9, p. 1343-1360, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2400.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1343","endPage":"1360","ipdsId":"IP-045457","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2400","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350993,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dde4b00f54eb1d820e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, Roger D. 0000-0002-8668-0849 borcherdt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":2373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"Roger","email":"borcherdt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70193628,"text":"70193628 - 2014 - Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:29:15","indexId":"70193628","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present the first evidence of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) associated with the deep extension of the transpressional Alpine Fault beneath the central Southern Alps of New Zealand. Our database comprises a temporally continuous 36 month-long catalog of 8760 LFEs within 14 families. To generate this catalog, we first identify 14 primary template LFEs within known periods of seismic tremor and use these templates to detect similar events in an iterative stacking and cross-correlation routine. The hypocentres of 12 of the 14 LFE families lie within 10 km of the inferred location of the Alpine Fault at depths of approximately 20–30 km, in a zone of high P-wave attenuation, low P-wave speeds, and high seismic reflectivity. The LFE catalog consists of persistent, discrete events punctuated by swarm-like bursts of activity associated with previously and newly identified tremor periods. The magnitudes of the LFEs range between&nbsp;</span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>– 0.8 and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>1.8, with an average of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>M<sub>L</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>0.5. We find that the frequency-magnitude distribution of the LFE catalog both as a whole and within individual families is not consistent with a power law, but that individual families' frequency-amplitude distributions approximate an exponential relationship, suggestive of a characteristic length-scale of failure. We interpret this LFE activity to represent quasi-continuous slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, with LFEs highlighting asperities within an otherwise steadily creeping region of the fault.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GC005436","usgsCitation":"Chamberlain, C.J., Shelly, D.R., Townend, J., and Stern, T., 2014, Low-frequency earthquakes reveal punctuated slow slip on the deep extent of the Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 15, no. 7, p. 2984-2999, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005436.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2984","endPage":"2999","ipdsId":"IP-056647","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472912,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gc005436","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348091,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","otherGeospatial":"Alpine Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              169.75,\n              -44\n            ],\n            [\n              170.5,\n              -44\n            ],\n            [\n              170.5,\n              -43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              169.75,\n              -43.25\n            ],\n            [\n              169.75,\n              -44\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eaae4b0531197b27fa5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chamberlain, Calum J.","contributorId":199692,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chamberlain","given":"Calum","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Townend, John","contributorId":94568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townend","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, T.A.","contributorId":53544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193806,"text":"70193806 - 2014 - Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T09:39:13","indexId":"70193806","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (<i>Ambystoma laterale</i>) in situ","title":"Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","docAbstract":"<p>Pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders (<i>Ambystoma laterale</i>) are the smallest members of the family Ambystomatidae which makes tracking with radio-transmitters difficult because of small battery capacity. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags provide another tracking approach for small fossorial animals such as salamanders. We evaluated the use of portable PIT tag readers (PIT packs) to detect PIT tag-implanted pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders in situ. We also examined the detection probability of salamanders with PIT tags held in enclosures in wetland and terrestrial habitats, as well as the underground detection range of PIT packs by scanning for buried tags not implanted into salamanders. Of the 532 PIT tagged salamanders, we detected 6.84% at least once during scanning surveys. We scanned systematically within a 13.37 ha area surrounding a salamander breeding pool on 34 occasions (~119 hours of survey time) and detected PIT tags 74 times. We detected 55% of PITs in tagged salamanders and 45%were expelled tags. We were able to reliably detect buried PIT tags from 1–22cm below the ground surface. Because nearly half the locations represented expelled tags, our data suggest this technique is inappropriate for future studies of pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders, although it may be suitable for polyploid Blue-spotted Salamanders and other ambystomatid species, which are larger in size and may exhibit higher tag retention rates. It may also be prudent to conduct long-term tag retention studies in captivity before tagging and releasing salamanders for in situ study, and to double-mark individuals.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Ryan, K.J., Zydlewski, J.D., and Calhoun, A.J., 2014, Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 97-105.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-046107","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol9_issue1.html"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed19e4b09af898c8cd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Kevin J.","contributorId":169710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":93829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189779,"text":"70189779 - 2014 - Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:16:12","indexId":"70189779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fault creep, depending on its rate and spatial extent, is thought to reduce earthquake hazard by releasing tectonic strain aseismically. We use Bayesian inversion and a newly expanded GPS data set to infer the deep slip rates below assigned locking depths on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults of Northern California and, for the latter two, the spatially variable interseismic creep rate above the locking depth. We estimate deep slip rates of 21.5 ± 0.5, 13.1 ± 0.8, and 7.5 ± 0.7 mm/yr below 16 km, 9 km, and 13 km on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults, respectively. We infer that on average the Bartlett Springs fault creeps from the Earth's surface to 13 km depth, and below 5 km the creep rate approaches the deep slip rate. This implies that microseismicity may extend below the locking depth; however, we cannot rule out the presence of locked patches in the seismogenic zone that could generate moderate earthquakes. Our estimated Maacama creep rate, while comparable to the inferred deep slip rate at the Earth's surface, decreases with depth, implying a slip deficit exists. The Maacama deep slip rate estimate, 13.1 mm/yr, exceeds long-term geologic slip rate estimates, perhaps due to distributed off-fault strain or the presence of multiple active fault strands. While our creep rate estimates are relatively insensitive to choice of model locking depth, insufficient independent information regarding locking depths is a source of epistemic uncertainty that impacts deep slip rate estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Americal Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB010966","usgsCitation":"Murray, J.R., Minson, S., and Svarc, J.L., 2014, Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 7, p. 6023-6047, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB010966.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"6023","endPage":"6047","ipdsId":"IP-053849","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472915,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140911-075334731","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.5,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              40.25\n            ],\n            [\n              -124,\n              37.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa57e4b0ec1a488b8c30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minson, Sarah E.","contributorId":195132,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minson","given":"Sarah E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Svarc, Jerry L. 0000-0002-2802-4528 jsvarc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2802-4528","contributorId":2413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Svarc","given":"Jerry","email":"jsvarc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70161754,"text":"70161754 - 2014 -  U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T14:41:49","indexId":"70161754","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":" U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future","docAbstract":"When an earthquake occurs, the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) ShakeMap \nportrays the extent of potentially damaging shaking. In turn, the ShakeCast \nsystem, a freely-available, post-earthquake situational awareness application, \nautomatically retrieves earthquake shaking data from ShakeMap, compares\n intensity measures against users’ facilities, sends notifications of potential\n damage to responsible parties, and generates facility damage assessment \nmaps and other web-based products for emergency managers and responders. \nShakeCast is particularly suitable for earthquake planning and response purposes \nby Departments of Transportation (DOTs), critical facility and lifeline utilities, \nlarge businesses, engineering and financial services, and loss and risk modelers. \nRecent important developments to the ShakeCast system and its user base are \ndescribed. The newly-released Version 3 of the ShakeCast system encompasses \nadvancements in seismology, earthquake engineering, and information\n technology applicable to the legacy ShakeCast installation (Version 2). In\n particular, this upgrade includes a full statistical fragility analysis framework for \ngeneral assessment of structures as part of the near real-time system, direct \naccess to additional earthquake-specific USGS products besides ShakeMap \n(PAGER, DYFI?, tectonic summary, etc.), significant improvements in the \ngraphical user interface, including a console view for operations centers, and\n custom, user-defined hazard and loss modules. The release also introduces a \nnew adaption option to port ShakeCast to the \"cloud\". Employing Amazon \nWeb Services (AWS), users now have a low-cost alternative to local hosting,\n by fully offloading hardware, software, and communication obligations to the\n cloud. Other advantages of the \"ShakeCast Cloud\" strategy include (1) \nReliability and robustness of offsite operations, (2) Scalability naturally \naccommodated, (3), Serviceability, problems reduced due to software and \nhardware uniformity, (4) Testability, freely available for new users, (5) Remotely\n supported, allowing expert-facilitated maintenance, (6) Adoptability, \nsimplified with disk images, and (7) Security, built in at the very high level\n associated with AWS. The ShakeCast user base continues to expand and \nbroaden. For example, Caltrans, the prototypical ShakeCast user and\n development supporter, has been providing guidance to other DOTs on the \nuse of the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database to implement\n fully-functional ShakeCast systems in their states. A long-term goal underway\n is to further \"connect the DOTs\" via a Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) with \nparticipating state DOTs. We also review some of the many other users and \nuses of ShakeCast. Lastly, on the hazard input front, we detail related \nShakeMap improvements and ongoing advancements in estimating the \nlikelihood of shaking-induced secondary hazards at structures, facilities, \nbridges, and along roadways due to landslides and liquefaction, and\n implemented within the ShakeCast framework.","language":"English","publisher":"Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation","doi":"10.4231/D32Z12Q20","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Lin, K., Turner, L., and Bekiri, N., 2014,  U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.4231/D32Z12Q20.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055124","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d443e4b0f2e20545e427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan klin@usgs.gov","contributorId":152049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","email":"klin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Loren","contributorId":26408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Loren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekiri, Nebi","contributorId":152050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekiri","given":"Nebi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159965,"text":"70159965 - 2014 - Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 °C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-04T16:53:09","indexId":"70159965","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 °C","docAbstract":"<p>To investigate the oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system, witherite (BaCO3) was precipitated quasi-instantaneously and quantitatively from Na-Cl-Ba-CO2 solutions of seawater-like ionic strength (I = 0.7 mol/kg) at two pH values (~7.9 and ~10.6) at 25 &deg;C. The oxygen isotope composition of the witherite and the dissolved inorganic carbon speciation in the starting solution were used to estimate the oxygen isotope fractionations between HCO3&macr; and H2O as well as between CO3 2 and H2O. Given the analytical error on the oxygen isotope composition of the witherite and uncertainties of the parent solution pH and speciation, oxygen isotope fractionation between NaHCO3&deg; and HCO3&macr;, as well as between NaCO3&macr; and CO3 2, is negligible under the experimental conditions investigated. The influence of dissolved NaCl concentration on the oxygen isotope fractionation in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system also was investigated at 25 &deg;C. Aragonite was precipitated from Na-Cl-Ca-Mg-(B)-CO2 solutions of seawater-like ionic strength using passive CO2 degassing or constant addition methods. Based upon our new experimental observations and published experimental data from lower ionic strength solutions by Kim et al. (2007b), the equilibrium aragonite-water oxygen isotope fractionation factor is independent of the ionic strength of the parent solution up to 0.7 mol/kg. Hence, our study also suggests that the aragonite precipitation mechanism is not affected by the presence of sodium and chloride ions in the parent solution over the range of concentrations investigated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050","usgsCitation":"Kim, S., Gebbinck, C.K., Mucci, A., and Coplen, T.B., 2014, Oxygen isotope systematics in the aragonite-CO2-H2O-NaCl system up to 0.7 mol/kg ionic strength at 25 °C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 137, p. 147-158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053174","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311961,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":311918,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.02.050"}],"volume":"137","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5662c755e4b06a3ea36c67c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Sang-Tae","contributorId":146204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kim","given":"Sang-Tae","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16624,"text":"School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, ON, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gebbinck, Christa Klein","contributorId":150280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gebbinck","given":"Christa","email":"","middleInitial":"Klein","affiliations":[{"id":17956,"text":"School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mucci, Alfonso","contributorId":150281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mucci","given":"Alfonso","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17957,"text":"GEOTOP and Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":581217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70095530,"text":"ofr20141045 - 2014 - Scenario earthquake hazards for the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, east-central California (ver. 2.0, January 2018)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T08:58:37","indexId":"ofr20141045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1045","title":"Scenario earthquake hazards for the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, east-central California (ver. 2.0, January 2018)","docAbstract":"<p>As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) multi-hazards project in the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, the California Geological Survey (CGS) developed several earthquake scenarios and evaluated potential seismic hazards, including ground shaking, surface fault rupture, liquefaction, and landslide hazards associated with these earthquake scenarios. The results of these analyses can be useful in estimating the extent of potential damage and economic losses because of potential earthquakes and also for preparing emergency response plans.</p><p>The Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area has numerous active faults. Five of these faults or fault zones are considered capable of producing magnitude ≥6.7 earthquakes according to the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2) developed by the 2007 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) and the USGS National Seismic Hazard Mapping Program. These five faults are the Fish Slough, Hartley Springs, Hilton Creek, Mono Lake, and Round Valley Faults. CGS developed earthquake scenarios for these five faults in the study area and for the White Mountains Fault Zone to the east of the study area.</p><p>In this report, an earthquake scenario is intended to depict the potential consequences of significant earthquakes. A scenario earthquake is not necessarily the largest or most damaging earthquake possible on a recognized fault. Rather it is both large enough and likely enough that emergency planners should consider it in regional emergency response plans. In particular, the ground motion predicted for a given scenario earthquake does not represent a full probabilistic hazard assessment, and thus it does not provide the basis for hazard zoning and earthquake-resistant building design.</p><p>Earthquake scenarios presented here are based on fault geometry and activity data developed by the WGCEP, and are consistent with the 2008 Update of the United States National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHM). Alternatives to the NSHM scenario were developed for the Hilton Creek and Hartley Springs Faults to account for different opinions in how far these two faults extend into Long Valley Caldera. For each scenario, ground motions were calculated using the current standard practice: the deterministic seismic hazard analysis program developed by Art Frankel of USGS and three Next Generation Ground Motion Attenuation (NGA) models. Ground motion calculations incorporated the potential amplification of seismic shaking by near-surface soils defined by a map of the average shear wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (<i>V<sub>S30</sub></i>) developed by CGS.</p><p>In addition to ground shaking and shaking-related ground failure such as liquefaction and earthquake induced landslides, earthquakes cause surface rupture displacement, which can lead to severe damage of buildings and lifelines. For each earthquake scenario, potential surface fault displacements are estimated using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Liquefaction occurs when saturated sediments lose their strength because of ground shaking. Zones of potential liquefaction are mapped by incorporating areas where loose sandy sediments, shallow groundwater, and strong earthquake shaking coincide in the earthquake scenario. The process for defining zones of potential landslide and rockfall incorporates rock strength, surface slope, and existing landslides, with ground motions caused by the scenario earthquake.</p><p>Each scenario is illustrated with maps of seismic shaking potential and fault displacement, liquefaction, and landslide potential. Seismic shaking is depicted by the distribution of shaking intensity, peak ground acceleration, and 1.0-second spectral acceleration. One-second spectral acceleration correlates well with structural damage to surface facilities. Acceleration greater than 0.2 g is often associated with strong ground shaking and may cause moderate to heavy damage. The extent of strong shaking is influenced by subsurface fault dip and near surface materials. Strong shaking is more widespread in the hanging wall regions of a normal fault. Larger ground motions also occur where young alluvial sediments amplify the shaking. Both of these effects can lead to strong shaking that extends farther from the fault on the valley side than on the hill side.</p><p>The effect of fault rupture displacements may be localized along the surface trace of the mapped earthquake fault if fault geometry is simple and the fault traces are accurately located. However, surface displacement hazards can spread over a few hundred meters to a few kilometers if the earthquake fault has numerous splays or branches, such as the Hilton Creek Fault. Faulting displacements are estimated to be about 1 meter along normal faults in the study area and close to 2 meters along the White Mountains Fault Zone.</p><p>All scenarios show the possibility of widespread ground failure. Liquefaction damage would likely occur in the areas of higher ground shaking near the faults where there are sandy/silty sediments and the depth to groundwater is 6.1 meters (20 feet) or less. Generally, this means damage is most common near lakes and streams in the areas of strongest shaking. Landslide potential exists throughout the study region. All steep slopes (&gt;30 degrees) present a potential hazard at any level of shaking. Lesser slopes may have landslides within the areas of the higher ground shaking. The landslide hazard zones also are likely sources for snow avalanches during winter months and for large boulders that can be shaken loose and roll hundreds of feet down hill, which happened during the 1980 Mammoth Lakes earthquakes.</p><p>Whereas methodologies used in estimating ground shaking, liquefaction, and landslides are well developed and have been applied in published hazard maps; methodologies used in estimating surface fault displacement are still being developed. Therefore, this report provides a more in-depth and detailed discussion of methodologies used for deterministic and probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses for this project.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141045","collaboration":"California Geological Survey Special Report 233","usgsCitation":"Chen, R., Branum, D.M., Wills, C.J., and Hill, D.P., 2018, Scenario earthquake hazards for the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, east-central California (ver. 2.0, January 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1045, and California Geological Survey Special Report 233, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141045.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036752","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141045.jpg"},{"id":350484,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1045/pdf/ofr20141045_versionhist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2014-1045"},{"id":289207,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1045/","text":"Index Page"},{"id":289211,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1045/pdf/ofr20141045_v2.0.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2014-1045"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera;Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.5,37.15 ], [ -119.5,38.2 ], [ -117.5,38.2 ], [ -117.5,37.15 ], [ -119.5,37.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted June 2014; Version 2.0: January 2018","contact":"<p><a href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/\">Earthquake Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>345 Middlefield Road, MS 977<br>Menlo Park, CA 94025<br></p>","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"publishedDate":"2014-06-30","revisedDate":"2018-01-19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d1e4b07b8813a5545b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Rui","contributorId":78250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Rui","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Branum, David M.","contributorId":70692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Branum","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wills, Chris J.","contributorId":97576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wills","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, David P. hill@usgs.gov","contributorId":2600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"David","email":"hill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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