Detailed information about coastal inundation is vital to understanding dynamic and populated areas that are impacted by storm surge and flooding. To understand these natural hazard risks, lidar elevation surfaces are frequently used to model inundation in coastal areas. A single-value surface method is sometimes used to inundate areas in lidar elevation surfaces that are below a specified elevation value. However, such an approach does not take into consideration hydrologic connectivity between elevation grids cells resulting in inland areas that should be hydrologically connected to the ocean, but are not. Because inland areas that should drain to the ocean are hydrologically disconnected by raised features in a lidar elevation surface, simply raising the water level to propagate coastal inundation will lead to inundation uncertainties. We took advantage of this problem to identify hydrologically disconnected inland areas to point out that they should be considered for coastal inundation, and that a lidar-based hydrologic surface should be developed with hydrologic connectivity prior to inundation analysis. The process of achieving hydrologic connectivity with hydrologic-enforcement is not new, however, the application of hydrologically-enforced lidar elevation surfaces for improved coastal inundation mapping as approached in this research is innovative. In this article, we propagated a high-resolution lidar elevation surface in coastal Staten Island, New York to demonstrate that inland areas lacking hydrologic connectivity to the ocean could potentially be included in inundation delineations. For inland areas that were hydrologically disconnected, we evaluated if drainage to the ocean was evident, and calculated an area exceeding 11 ha (~0.11 km2) that could be considered in inundation delineations. We also assessed land cover for each inland area to determine the type of physical surfaces that would be potentially impacted if the inland areas were considered as part of a coastal inundation. A visual analysis indicated that developed, medium intensity and palustrine forested wetland land cover types would be impacted for those locations. This article demonstrates that hydrologic connectivity is an important factor to consider when inundating a lidar elevation surface. This information is needed for inundation monitoring and management in sensitive coastal regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Molecular Diversity Preservation International","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/rs70911695","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., and Worstell, B.B., 2015, Evaluation of airborne lidar elevation surfaces for propagation of coastal inundation: the importance of hydrologic connectivity: Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 9, p. 11695-11711, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911695.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11695","endPage":"11711","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066299","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70911695","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":308441,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd3be4b03bc34f544afd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155321,"text":"70155321 - 2015 - Experimental enhancement of pickleweed, Suisun Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:29:48","indexId":"70155321","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Experimental enhancement of pickleweed, Suisun Bay, California","docAbstract":"As mitigation for habitat impacted by the expansion of a pier on Suisun Bay, California, two vehicle parking lots (0.36 ha and 0.13 ha) were restored by being excavated, graded, and contoured using dredged sediments to the topography or elevation of nearby wetlands. We asked if pickleweed (Sarcocornia pacifica L, [Amaranthaceae]) colonization could be enhanced by experimental manipulation on these new wetlands. Pickleweed dominates ecologically important communities at adjacent San Francisco Bay, but is not typically dominant at Suisun Bay probably because of widely fluctuating water salinity and is outcompeted by other brackish water plants. Experimental treatments (1.0-m2 plots) included mulching with pickleweed cuttings in either the fall or the spring, tilling in the fall, or applying organic enrichments in the fall. Control plots received no treatment. Pickleweed colonization was most enhanced at treatment plots that were mulched with pickleweed in the fall. Since exotic vegetation can colonize bare sites within the early phases of restoration and reduce habitat quality, we concluded that mulching was most effective in the fall by reducing invasive plant cover while facilitating native plant colonization.
","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Fish and Game","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., Van Vuren, D., Tsao, D.C., and Yee, J.L., 2015, Experimental enhancement of pickleweed, Suisun Bay, California: California Fish and Game, v. 101, no. 2, p. 87-100.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-064695","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306493,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=102285&inline"}],"volume":"101","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7efa1e4b0bc0bec09f271","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Vuren, Dirk H.","contributorId":89408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Vuren","given":"Dirk H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tsao, Danika C.","contributorId":24079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsao","given":"Danika","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Julie L. 0000-0003-1782-157X julie_yee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1782-157X","contributorId":3246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Julie","email":"julie_yee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70155003,"text":"70155003 - 2015 - Sensitivity of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and pallid sturgeon (S. albus) early life stages to 3,30,4,40,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:30:23","indexId":"70155003","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and pallid sturgeon (S. albus) early life stages to 3,30,4,40,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure","docAbstract":"Concern exists that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may be contributing to the current decline of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and the US federally endangered pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus). Waterborne exposures with newly fertilized eggs were used to assess developmental and morphological effects of 2 of the most potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists, 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), on early life stage shovelnose and pallid sturgeon. No dose-related effects of PCB-126 were observed on percent development or hatch in either species at concentrations as high as 1711 ng/g egg. Effects of TCDD on percent development were not assessed in shovelnose sturgeon. However, percent development was not affected by TCDD in pallid sturgeon, and percent hatch was unaffected by TCDD doses as high as 60 ng/g egg to 81 ng/g egg in either species. Morphological pathologies such as yolk sac edema and craniofacial deformities were typical of AhR agonist exposure and were similar in both species. Calculated PCB-126 50% lethal dose (LD50, 95% fiducial limits) values were 196 ng/g egg (188–203 ng/g) for shovelnose and 159 ng/g egg (122–199 ng/g) for pallid sturgeon. Likewise, calculated TCDD LD50 values were 13 ng/g egg (11–15 ng/g) for shovelnose and 12 ng/g egg (10–14 ng/g) for pallid sturgeon. These LD50 values are among the highest recorded in early life stage fish, suggesting that early life stage Scaphirhynchus sturgeon may be comparatively insensitive to AhR agonists.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1002/etc.2950","usgsCitation":"Buckler, J., Candrl, J., McKee, M., Papoulias, D.M., Tillitt, D.E., and Galat, D.L., 2015, Sensitivity of shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and pallid sturgeon (S. albus) early life stages to 3,30,4,40,5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 6, p. 1417-1424, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2950.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1424","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051070","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b361b6e4b09a3b01b5dab7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckler, Justin","contributorId":145536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckler","given":"Justin","affiliations":[{"id":6754,"text":"University of Missouri","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Candrl, James S. 0000-0002-1464-2931 jcandrl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1464-2931","contributorId":2764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Candrl","given":"James S.","email":"jcandrl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McKee, Michael J.","contributorId":59527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Galat, David L.","contributorId":13711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galat","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70154936,"text":"70154936 - 2015 - Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-20T11:10:20","indexId":"70154936","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse","docAbstract":"The Robust Redhorse Moxostoma robustum is a rare and imperiled fish, with wild populations occurring in three drainages from North Carolina to Georgia. Hydroelectric dams have altered the species’ habitat and restricted its range. An augmented minimum-flow regime that will affect Robust Redhorse habitat was recently prescribed for Blewett Falls Dam, a hydroelectric facility on the Pee Dee River, North Carolina. Our objective was to quantify suitable spawning and nonspawning habitat under current and proposed minimum-flow regimes. We implanted radio transmitters into 27 adult Robust Redhorses and relocated the fish from spring 2008 to summer 2009, and we described habitat at 15 spawning capture locations. Nonspawning habitat consisted of deep, slow-moving pools (mean depth D 2.3 m; mean velocity D 0.23 m/s), bedrock and sand substrates, and boulders or coarse woody debris as cover. Spawning habitat was characterized as shallower, faster-moving water (mean depth D 0.84 m; mean velocity D 0.61 m/s) with gravel and cobble as substrates and boulders as cover associated with shoals. Telemetry relocations revealed two behavioral subgroups: a resident subgroup (linear range [mean § SE] D 7.9 § 3.7 river kilometers [rkm]) that remained near spawning areas in the Piedmont region throughout the year; and a migratory subgroup (linear range D 64.3 § 8.4 rkm) that migrated extensively downstream into the Coastal Plain region. Spawning and nonspawning habitat suitability indices were developed based on field microhabitat measurements and were applied to model suitable available habitat (weighted usable area) for current and proposed augmented minimum flows. Suitable habitat (both spawning and nonspawning) increased for each proposed seasonal minimum flow relative to former minimum flows, with substantial increases for spawning sites. Our results contribute to an understanding of how regulated flows affect available habitats for imperiled species. Flow managers can use these findings to regulate discharge more effectively and to create and maintain important habitats during critical periods for priority species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1042557","usgsCitation":"Fisk, J.M., Kwak, T.J., and Heise, R.J., 2015, Effects of regulated river flows on habitat suitability for the robust redhorse: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, p. 792-806, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1042557.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"792","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060804","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"144","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55ae1bade4b066a249242282","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisk, J. M. III","contributorId":141230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fisk","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":141231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":565065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155870,"text":"70155870 - 2015 - Energy flow and the “grassification” of desert shrublands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-17T10:49:22","indexId":"70155870","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy flow and the “grassification” of desert shrublands","docAbstract":"In our directionally and continuously changing world, history still matters, and it does so in increasingly novel and important ways. Human adaptation to global change will rely heavily on robust baselines of historic environmental variability and detailed understanding of how both past and modern ecosystems have responded to both individual and multiple stressors. The question of global change has motivated an upsurge in paleoecological studies that span the late Quaternary and the modern era, and has inspired a growing consideration of time as a fundamental axis in ecology (1). A major challenge in developing pertinent ecological baselines remains how to fuse, into continuous time series, observations and experiments from living systems with paleoecological reconstructions from the same sites (2, 3). Tracing and disentangling complex responses to environmental stress from paleological to present-day communities is especially daunting; for example, how climate change; accelerated land use; and biological invasions are influencing the flows of water, nutrients, and energy. The paper by Terry and Rowe in PNAS (4) is a shining example of how modern ecology and paleoecology can be spliced together to decipher how ecological processes unfold over time scales inaccessible to direct observation or experimentation, and how they can be disrupted by human impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1512078112","usgsCitation":"Betancourt, J.L., 2015, Energy flow and the “grassification” of desert shrublands: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 112, no. 31, p. 9504-9505, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512078112.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"9504","endPage":"9505","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066761","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512078112","text":"External Repository"},{"id":306785,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"112","issue":"31","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d305b2e4b0518e35468cf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betancourt, Julio L. 0000-0002-7165-0743 jlbetanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-0743","contributorId":3376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betancourt","given":"Julio","email":"jlbetanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70143058,"text":"70143058 - 2015 - Closing the loop of the soil water retention curve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T15:54:21","indexId":"70143058","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Closing the loop of the soil water retention curve","docAbstract":"The authors, to their knowledge for the first time, produced two complete principal soil water retention curves (SWRCs) under both positive and negative matric suction regimes. An innovative testing technique combining the transient water release and imbibition method (TRIM) and constant flow method (CFM) was used to identify the principal paths of SWRC in the positive pore-water pressure regime under unsaturated conditions. A negative matric suction of 9.8 kPa is needed to reach full saturation or close the loop of the SWRC for a silty soil. This work pushes the understanding of the interaction of soil and water into new territory by quantifying the boundaries of the SWRC over the entire suction domain, including both wetting and drying conditions that are relevant to field conditions such as slope wetting under heavy rainfall or rapid groundwater table rise in earthen dams or levees.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001225","collaboration":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Lu, N., Alsherif, N., Wayllace, A., and Godt, J.W., 2015, Closing the loop of the soil water retention curve: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 141, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001225.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059594","costCenters":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0001225","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298589,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%29GT.1943-5606.0001225"}],"volume":"141","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5509502ae4b02e76d757e60a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lu, Ning","contributorId":191360,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Ning","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12620,"text":"U.S. Army Corp. of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alsherif, N","contributorId":139685,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alsherif","given":"N","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12880,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":542454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wayllace, Alexandra","contributorId":23044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wayllace","given":"Alexandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":542455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158922,"text":"70158922 - 2015 - A case study of assigning conservation value to dispersed habitat units for conservation planning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-07T10:50:11","indexId":"70158922","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2231,"text":"Journal of Conservation Planning","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case study of assigning conservation value to dispersed habitat units for conservation planning","docAbstract":"Resource managers are increasingly tasked with developing habitat conservation plans in the face of numerous, sometimes competing, objectives. These plans must often be implemented across dispersed habitat conservation units that may contribute unequally to overall conservation objectives. Using U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service waterfowl production areas (WPA) in western Minnesota as our conservation landscape, we develop a landscape-scale approach for evaluating the conservation value of dispersed habitat conservation units with multiple conservation priorities. We evaluated conservation value based on a suite of variables directly applicable to conservation management practices, thus providing a direct link between conservation actions and outcomes. We developed spatial models specific to each of these conservation objectives and also developed two freely available prioritization tools to implement these analyses. We found that some WPAs provided high conservation value across a range of conservation objectives, suggesting that managing these specific areas would achieve multiple conservation goals. Conversely, other WPAs provided low conservation value for some objectives, suggesting they would be most effectively managed for a distinct set of specific conservation goals. Approaches such as ours provide a direct means of assessing the conservation value of dispersed habitat conservation units and could be useful in the development of habitat management plans, particularly when faced with multiple conservation objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Florida, Department of Urban and Regional Planning","publisherLocation":"Gainesville, FL","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Rohweder, J.J., Sara C. Vacek, Crimmins, S.M., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2015, A case study of assigning conservation value to dispersed habitat units for conservation planning: Journal of Conservation Planning, v. 11, p. 13-27.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059832","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":309719,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.journalconsplanning.org/2015/index.html"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5616422de4b0ba4884c6146f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. jrohweder@usgs.gov","contributorId":460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":576877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sara C. Vacek","contributorId":149091,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sara C. Vacek","affiliations":[{"id":17638,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Morris Wetland Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crimmins, Shawn M. 0000-0001-6229-5543 scrimmins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-5543","contributorId":5498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Shawn","email":"scrimmins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70201116,"text":"70201116 - 2015 - Setting the stage for a global science of atmospheric rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-29T11:54:03","indexId":"70201116","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:53:51","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3879,"text":"Eos, Earth and Space Science News","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Setting the stage for a global science of atmospheric rivers","docAbstract":"Atmospheric rivers are important mechanisms for transporting water vapor through the atmosphere outside the tropics. These long, narrow, transient corridors occur at low altitudes just ahead of the cold front in midlatitude cyclone systems. These rivers in the sky stitch together the components of the extratropical water cycle by providing large-scale horizontal water vapor transport.
","language":"English","publisher":"EOS","doi":"10.1029/2015EO038675","usgsCitation":"Dettinger, M.D., Ralph, F.M., and Lavers, D.A., 2015, Setting the stage for a global science of atmospheric rivers: Eos, Earth and Space Science News, v. 96, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.1029/2015EO038675.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-099256","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2015eo038675","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":359793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108d8e4b0815414cc2e0b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dettinger, Michael D. 0000-0002-7509-7332 mddettin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7509-7332","contributorId":149896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettinger","given":"Michael","email":"mddettin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ralph, F. Martin","contributorId":150276,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ralph","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[{"id":17953,"text":"Earth Systems Research Lab, NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lavers, David A.","contributorId":167847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lavers","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24837,"text":"Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":752734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155260,"text":"70155260 - 2015 - A global satellite assisted precipitation climatology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:08:26","indexId":"70155260","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1426,"text":"Earth System Science Data","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A global satellite assisted precipitation climatology","docAbstract":"Accurate representations of mean climate conditions, especially in areas of complex terrain, are an important part of environmental monitoring systems. As high-resolution satellite monitoring information accumulates with the passage of time, it can be increasingly useful in efforts to better characterize the earth's mean climatology. Current state-of-the-science products rely on complex and sometimes unreliable relationships between elevation and station-based precipitation records, which can result in poor performance in food and water insecure regions with sparse observation networks. These vulnerable areas (like Ethiopia, Afghanistan, or Haiti) are often the critical regions for humanitarian drought monitoring. Here, we show that long period of record geo-synchronous and polar-orbiting satellite observations provide a unique new resource for producing high resolution (0.05°) global precipitation climatologies that perform reasonably well in data sparse regions.
Traditionally, global climatologies have been produced by combining station observations and physiographic predictors like latitude, longitude, elevation, and slope. While such approaches can work well, especially in areas with reasonably dense observation networks, the fundamental relationship between physiographic variables and the target climate variables can often be indirect and spatially complex. Infrared and microwave satellite observations, on the other hand, directly monitor the earth's energy emissions. These emissions often correspond physically with the location and intensity of precipitation. We show that these relationships provide a good basis for building global climatologies. We also introduce a new geospatial modeling approach based on moving window regressions and inverse distance weighting interpolation. This approach combines satellite fields, gridded physiographic indicators, and in situ climate normals. The resulting global 0.05° monthly precipitation climatology, the Climate Hazards Group's Precipitation Climatology version 1 (CHPclim v.1.0,http://dx.doi.org/10.15780/G2159X), is shown to compare favorably with similar global climatology products, especially in areas with complex terrain and low station densities.
A three-dimensional finite-difference model for part of the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in the Cache Critical Groundwater Area of eastern Arkansas was constructed to simulate potential future conditions of groundwater flow. The objectives of this study were to test different pilot point distributions to find reasonable estimates of aquifer properties for the alluvial aquifer, to simulate flux from rivers, and to demonstrate how changes in pumping rates for different scenarios affect areas of long-term water-level declines over time. The model was calibrated using the parameter estimation code. Additional calibration was achieved using pilot points with regularization and singular value decomposition. Pilot point parameter values were estimated at a number of discrete locations in the study area to obtain reasonable estimates of aquifer properties. Nine pumping scenarios for the years 2011 to 2020 were tested and compared to the simulated water-level heads from 2010. Hydraulic conductivity values from pilot point calibration ranged between 42 and 173 m/d. Specific yield values ranged between 0.19 and 0.337. Recharge rates ranged between 0.00009 and 0.0006 m/d. The model was calibrated using 2,322 hydraulic head measurements for the years 2000 to 2010 from 150 observation wells located in the study area. For all scenarios, the volume of water depleted ranged between 5.7 and 23.3 percent, except in Scenario 2 (minimum pumping rates), in which the volume increased by 2.5 percent.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.21.1.1","collaboration":"Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas; Graduate Institute of Technology, University of Arkansas; Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Houston","usgsCitation":"Rashid, H.M., Clark, B.R., Mahdi, H.H., Rifai, H.S., and Al-Shukri, H.J., 2015, Simulations of potential future conditions in the cache critical groundwater area, Arkansas: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 21, no. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.21.1.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052827","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ],\n [\n -90.10986328125,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -89.97802734375,\n 36.33282808737917\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 35.97800618085568\n ],\n [\n -89.71435546875,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -90.17578124999999,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -90.46142578125,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -90.54931640625,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -91.07666015625,\n 33.65120829920497\n ],\n [\n -91.03271484375,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 32.99023555965106\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.04550781490999\n ],\n [\n -93.955078125,\n 33.26624989076275\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.33970700424026\n ],\n [\n -94.10888671875,\n 33.54139466898275\n ],\n [\n -94.482421875,\n 33.55970664841198\n ],\n [\n -94.46044921875,\n 35.35321610123821\n ],\n [\n -94.63623046875,\n 36.50963615733049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c090b5e4b033ef521042b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rashid, Haveen M.","contributorId":145715,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rashid","given":"Haveen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16207,"text":"Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Brian R. 0000-0001-6611-3807 brclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6611-3807","contributorId":1502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Brian","email":"brclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":565058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahdi, Hanan H.","contributorId":145716,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mahdi","given":"Hanan","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16208,"text":"Graduate Institute of Technology, University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rifai, Hanadi S.","contributorId":145718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rifai","given":"Hanadi","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":16209,"text":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Houston","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Al-Shukri, Haydar J.","contributorId":145717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Shukri","given":"Haydar","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16207,"text":"Department of Applied Science, University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70143860,"text":"70143860 - 2015 - Ceres: predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-05T12:34:43","indexId":"70143860","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ceres: predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes","docAbstract":"This paper will constrain the possible sources and processes for the formation of recently observed H2O vapor plumes above the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres. Two hypotheses have been proposed: (1) cryovolcanism where the water source is the mantle and the heating source is still unknown or (2) comet-like sublimation where near-surface water ice is vaporized by seasonally increasing solar insolation. We test hypothesis #2, comet-like near-surface sublimation, by using a thermal model to examine the stability of water-ice in the near surface. For a reasonable range of physical parameters (thermal inertia, surface roughness, slopes), we find that water ice is only stable at latitudes higher than ~40-60 degrees. These results indicate that either (a) the physical properties of Ceres are unlike our expectations or (b) an alternative to comet-like sublimation, such as the cryovolcanism hypothesis, must be invoked.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2015GL063240","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., 2015, Ceres: predictions for near-surface water ice stability and implications for plume generating processes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 7, p. 2130-2136, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063240.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2130","endPage":"2136","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061400","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl063240","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":298855,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5511393be4b02e76d75b50cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70202190,"text":"70202190 - 2015 - Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-13T11:18:58","indexId":"70202190","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:18:51","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes","docAbstract":"The dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) MC2 was run over the conterminous USA at 30 arc sec (~800 m) to simulate the impacts of nine climate futures generated by 3GCMs (CSIRO, MIROC and CGCM3) using 3 emission scenarios (A2, A1B and B1) in the context of the LandCarbon national carbon sequestration assessment. It first simulated potential vegetation dynamics from coast to coast assuming no human impacts and naturally occurring wildfires. A moderate effect of increased atmospheric CO2 on water use efficiency and growth enhanced carbon sequestration but did not greatly influence woody encroachment. The wildfires maintained prairie‐forest ecotones in the Great Plains. With simulated fire suppression, the number and impacts of wildfires was reduced as only catastrophic fires were allowed to escape. This greatly increased the expansion of forests and woodlands across the western USA and some of the ecotones disappeared. However, when fires did occur, their impacts (both extent and biomass consumed) were very large. We also evaluated the relative influence of human land use including forest and crop harvest by running the DGVM with land use (and fire suppression) and simple land management rules. From 2041 through 2060, carbon stocks (live biomass, soil and dead biomass) of US terrestrial ecosystems varied between 155 and 162 Pg C across the three emission scenarios when potential natural vegetation was simulated. With land use, periodic harvest of croplands and timberlands as well as the prevention of woody expansion across the West reduced carbon stocks to a range of 122–126 Pg C, while effective fire suppression reduced fire emissions by about 50%. Despite the simplicity of our approach, the differences between the size of the carbon stocks confirm other reports of the importance of land use on the carbon cycle over climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.13048","usgsCitation":"Bachelet, D., Ferschweiler, K., Sheehan, T.J., Sleeter, B.M., and Zhu, Z., 2015, Projected carbon stocks in the conterminous USA with land use and variable fire regimes: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 12, p. 4548-4560, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13048.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"4548","endPage":"4560","ipdsId":"IP-088629","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361231,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachelet, Dominique","contributorId":213224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachelet","given":"Dominique","affiliations":[{"id":38279,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferschweiler, Ken","contributorId":213225,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferschweiler","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38279,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, Timothy J.","contributorId":213226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38279,"text":"Conservation Biology Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sleeter, Benjamin M. 0000-0003-2371-9571 bsleeter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-9571","contributorId":3479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sleeter","given":"Benjamin","email":"bsleeter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Zhiliang 0000-0002-6860-6936 zzhu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-6936","contributorId":150078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhiliang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157418,"text":"70157418 - 2015 - Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-23T10:13:27","indexId":"70157418","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat","docAbstract":"We investigated multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on the distribution and abundance of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning in snowmelt-dominated streams of the upper Flathead River basin, northwestern Montana. Within our study reaches, bull trout tended to spawn in the finest available gravel substrates. Analysis of the mobility of these substrates, based on one-dimensional hydraulic modeling and calculation of dimensionless shear stresses, indicated that bed materials in spawning reaches would be mobilized at moderate (i.e., 2-year recurrence interval) high-flow conditions, although the asynchronous timing of the fall–winter egg incubation period and typical late spring – early summer snowmelt high flows in our study area may limit susceptibility to redd scour under current hydrologic regimes. Redd occurrence also tended to be associated with concave-up bedforms (pool tailouts) with downwelling intragravel flows. Streambed temperatures tracked stream water diurnal temperature cycles to a depth of at least 25 cm, averaging 6.1–8.1 °C in different study reaches during the spawning period. Ground water provided thermal moderation of stream water for several high-density spawning reaches. Bull trout redds were more frequent in unconfined alluvial valley reaches (8.5 versus 5.0 redds·km−1 in confined valley reaches), which were strongly influenced by hyporheic and groundwater – stream water exchange. A considerable proportion of redds were patchily distributed in confined valley reaches, however, emphasizing the influence of local physical conditions in supporting bull trout spawning habitat. Moreover, narrowing or “bounding” of these alluvial valley segments did not appear to be important. Our results suggest that geomorphic, thermal, and hydrological factors influence bull trout spawning occurrence at multiple spatial scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0534","usgsCitation":"Bean, J.R., Wilcox, A., Woessner, W.W., and Muhlfeld, C.C., 2015, Multiscale hydrogeomorphic influences on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning habitat: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 72, no. 4, p. 514-526, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0534.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"514","endPage":"526","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052296","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308423,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5603cd53e4b03bc34f544b2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bean, Jared R","contributorId":147876,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Jared","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":16951,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilcox, Andrew C.","contributorId":25064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Andrew C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woessner, William W.","contributorId":147877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Woessner","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16951,"text":"Department of Geosciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156360,"text":"70156360 - 2015 - Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T13:55:30","indexId":"70156360","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3919,"text":"Conservation Physiology","onlineIssn":"2051-1434","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish","docAbstract":"Climate change is predicted to change the distribution and abundance of species, yet underlying physiological mechanisms are complex and methods for detecting populations at risk from rising temperature are poorly developed. There is increasing interest in using physiological mediators of the stress response as indicators of individual and population-level response to environmental stressors. Here, we use laboratory experiments to show that the temperature thresholds in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) for increased gill heat shock protein-70 (20.7°C) and plasma glucose (21.2°C) are similar to their proposed thermal ecological limit of 21.0°C. Field assays demonstrated increased plasma glucose, cortisol and heat shock protein-70 concentrations at field sites where mean daily temperature exceeded 21.0°C. Furthermore, population densities of brook trout were lowest at field sites where temperatures were warm enough to induce a stress response, and a co-occurring species with a higher thermal tolerance showed no evidence of physiological stress at a warm site. The congruence of stress responses and proposed thermal limits supports the use of these thresholds in models of changes in trout distribution under climate change scenarios and suggests that the induction of the stress response by elevated temperature may play a key role in driving the distribution of species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Experimental Biology","publisherLocation":"Oxford","doi":"10.1093/conphys/cov017","usgsCitation":"Chadwick, J.G., Nislow, K.H., and McCormick, S.D., 2015, Thermal onset of cellular and endocrine stress responses correspond to ecological limits in brook trout, an iconic cold-water fish: Conservation Physiology, v. 3, no. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov017.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058015","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cov017","text":"External Repository"},{"id":308174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fa92d5e4b05d6c4e501add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chadwick, Joseph G","contributorId":146738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chadwick","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nislow, Kieth H","contributorId":146739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nislow","given":"Kieth","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":6679,"text":"US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70145309,"text":"70145309 - 2015 - Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:58:56","indexId":"70145309","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand","docAbstract":"Microthermometry, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and Raman spectroscopy have been used to determine the temperature, apparent salinity, and composition of individual fluid inclusions in adularia-sericite Au-Ag epithermal veins from the Karangahake, Martha, Favona, and Waitekauri deposits, southern Hauraki goldfield, New Zealand. Quartz veins contain colloform to crustiform bands that alternate with coarse-grained quartz and amethyst. The ore mineralization occurs only in colloform to crustiform bands.
\nAnalyses of individual fluid inclusions by LA-ICP-MS identify Na as the most abundant cation, together with variable concentrations of K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Sb, and As. Rare inclusions have detectable Li, Al, and Ba concentrations, although recorded Al concentrations with values up to 231 ppm in Al-free quartz may reflect an accidentally captured mineral phase rather than fluid itself. The Na content ranges from ~260 to 10,200 ppm for inclusions in quartz and ~9,700 to 13,700 ppm for inclusions in amethyst. Antimony is the second most commonly detected element in both quartz- and amethyst-hosted inclusions; this element is also detected in the host mineral. Concentrations of Sb and As range from 0.3 to 988 ppm and from 3.33 to 418 ppm, respectively, and are most commonly detected in inclusions from the Karangahake and Martha deposits. The poor correlation between the Na content with either Sb or As suggests that Sb and As were transported as neutral hydroxyl complexes of Sb(OH)3 and As(OH)3. Both Au and Ag occur at concentrations that are less than their respective detection limits (ppm).
\nGeochemical modeling of the microthermometric and LA-ICP-MS data obtained from individual fluid inclusions suggests that fluids responsible for the quartz deposition were neutral to alkaline and that adiabatic boiling is the most effective mechanism for both gold and silica precipitation. The presence of single-phase vapor-only fluid inclusions in some mineralized samples indicates that local flashing may have contributed to deposition of Au and Ag.
\nAssuming adiabatic boiling under hydrostatic pressure, samples from the Karangahake deposit (Maria vein) were deposited from low-salinity fluids (<3.9 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 225° and 262°C and at depths of 270 to 575 m below the former water table. The average deep reservoir fluid temperature estimated from the Na/K geothermometer is 287°C, and the steam loss during boiling ranges between 8 and 17%.
\nFluid inclusions in quartz from the Martha deposit trapped dilute fluids with salinity less than 1.7 wt % NaCl equiv. The coexisting liquid-rich (homogenization temperature, Th = 189°–225°C) and vapor-rich inclusions (Th = 205°–243°C) suggest formation at depths of 200 to 400 m below the water table. According to the Na/K geothermometer, the deep reservoir fluid temperature was near 295°C, and the steam loss during boiling ranged between 15 and 23%. Pseudosecondary inclusions in amethyst display salinity around 4.0 wt % NaCl equiv and homogenization temperatures between 218° and 241°C. Secondary inclusions are slightly more dilute (3.2–4.2 wt % NaCl equiv), with homogenization temperatures between 213° and 242°C.
\nFluid inclusions in quartz from the Waitekauri deposit homogenize from 210° to 265°C and contain less than 1.2 wt % NaCl equiv. A thin quartz vein that occurs between the Jubilee and Scotia deposits contains coexisting liquid- and vapor-rich inclusions; their homogenization temperatures indicate a formation depth of 300 m below the former water table. The calculated deep reservoir fluid temperature is around 283°C and the steam loss is estimated to be between 13 and 18%.
\nLA-ICP-MS analyses show that in some cases different fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) within a single sample trapped fluids with variable chemistries. These differences likely reflect modification of a single parent fluid through mineral dissolution and precipitation, water/rock interactions, boiling and vapor loss, conductive cooling, and mixing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","publisherLocation":"Lancaster, PA","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.3.763","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.P., Strmic Palinkas, S., Mauk, J.L., and Bodnar, R.J., 2015, Fluid inclusion chemistry of adularia-sericite epithermal Au-Ag deposits of the southern Hauraki Goldfield, New Zealand: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 763-786, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.3.763.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"786","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055202","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffabe4b027f0aee3d472","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Mark P.","contributorId":140072,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Simpson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13376,"text":"The University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strmic Palinkas, Sabina","contributorId":140073,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strmic Palinkas","given":"Sabina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13376,"text":"The University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauk, Jeffrey L. 0000-0002-6244-2774 jmauk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6244-2774","contributorId":4101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauk","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jmauk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bodnar, Robert J.","contributorId":61540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodnar","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148531,"text":"70148531 - 2015 - Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T15:17:15","indexId":"70148531","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata)","docAbstract":"Environmental conditions can exert a strong influence on the growth and energy demands of chicks. We hypothesized that postnatal growth in a cold, aquatic environment would require a high level of energy metabolism in semiprecocial Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) chicks. We measured body-mass growth and daily energy expenditure (DEE) of free-ranging chicks in the Arctic. We used daily gains in body mass and DEE to estimate daily metabolizable energy (DME, kJ day-1) and total metabolizable energy (TME, kJ chick-1). Chicks gained body mass quickly, with a logistic growth rate constant 57% greater than the allometric prediction, yet were at only 60% of adult body mass at fledging. Males grew at a rate similar to that of females but for a slightly longer duration and so reached an asymptotic body mass 23% greater, and tarsus length 8% longer, than that of females. Chick growth performance was similar between first- and second-hatched chicks within broods of 2, which suggests that food availability was not limited. DEE increased in proportion to body mass, and DME peaked at 1,214 kJ day-1 on day 25 posthatching. Over the average 49-day postnatal period, TME was 49.0 MJ, which is within the range of error of the allometric prediction. Parents provided 58.6 MJ as food to meet this energy requirement. Given this chick energy requirement and the range of energy content of prey observed in the chick diet, selecting prey with higher energy content would greatly reduce adult provisioning effort. Red-throated Loon chicks did not have a high postnatal energy requirement, but rather grew quickly and fledged at a small size-with the effect of reducing the length of the postnatal period and, consequently, parental energy investment in chicks.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/AUK-14-261.1","usgsCitation":"Rizzolo, D., Schmutz, J.A., and Speakman, J.R., 2015, Fast and efficient: postnatal growth and energy expenditure in an Arctic-breeding waterbird, the Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata): The Auk, v. 132, no. 3, p. 657-670, https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-261.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"670","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060084","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/auk-14-261.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557c02cce4b023124e8edf13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rizzolo, Daniel drizzolo@usgs.gov","contributorId":5631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rizzolo","given":"Daniel","email":"drizzolo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speakman, John R.","contributorId":127833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Speakman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7165,"text":"University of Aberdeen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160014,"text":"70160014 - 2015 - Changes in the Lake Michigan food web following dreissenid mussel invasions: A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T11:39:38","indexId":"70160014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the Lake Michigan food web following dreissenid mussel invasions: A synthesis","docAbstract":"Using various available time series for Lake Michigan, we examined changes in the Lake Michigan food web following the dreissenid mussel invasions and identified those changes most likely attributable to these invasions, thereby providing a synthesis. Expansion of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) population into deeper waters, which began around 2004, appeared to have a substantial predatory effect on both phytoplankton abundance and primary production, with annual primary production in offshore (> 50 m deep) waters being reduced by about 35% by 2007. Primary production likely decreased in nearshore waters as well, primarily due to predatory effects exerted by the quagga mussel expansion. The drastic decline in Diporeia abundance in Lake Michigan during the 1990s and 2000s has been attributed to dreissenid mussel effects, but the exact mechanism by which the mussels were negatively affecting Diporeia abundance remains unknown. In turn, decreased Diporeia abundance was associated with reduced condition, growth, and/or energy density in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), and bloater (Coregonus hoyi). However, lake-wide biomass of salmonines, top predators in the food web, remained high during the 2000s, and consumption of alewives by salmonines actually increased between the 1980–1995 and 1996–2011 time periods. Moreover, abundance of the lake whitefish population, which supports Lake Michigan's most valuable commercial fishery, remained at historically high levels during the 2000s. Apparently, counterbalancing mechanisms operating within the complex Lake Michigan food web have enabled salmonines and lake whitefish to retain relatively high abundances despite reduced primary production.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2015.08.009","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Bunnell, D., Warner, D.M., Pothoven, S.A., Fahnenstiel, G.L., Nalepa, T., Vanderploeg, H., Tsehaye, I., Claramunt, R., and Clark, R.D., 2015, Changes in the Lake Michigan food web following dreissenid mussel invasions: A synthesis: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 41, no. 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The coal samples studied range in rank from lignite A to high volatile A bituminous, and were characterized using proximate, ultimate, organic petrography, and sorption isotherm analyses. Sorption isotherm analyses of gaseous CO2 and methane show a general increase in gas storage capacity with coal rank, consistent with findings from previous studies. In the solvent extractions, both dry, ground coal samples and moist, intact core plug samples were used to evaluate effects of variations in particle size and moisture content. Samples were spiked with perdeuterated surrogate compounds prior to extraction, and extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The DCM extracts generally contained the highest concentrations of organic compounds, indicating the existence of additional hydrocarbons within the coal matrix that were not mobilized during supercritical CO2 extractions. Concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic compounds measured in supercritical CO2 extracts of core plug samples generally are lower than concentrations in corresponding extracts of dry, ground coal samples, due to differences in particle size and moisture content. Changes in the amount of extracted compounds and in surrogate recovery measured during consecutive supercritical CO2extractions of core plug samples appear to reflect the transition from a water-wet to a CO2-wet system. Changes in coal core plug mass during supercritical CO2 extraction range from 3.4% to 14%, indicating that a substantial portion of coal moisture is retained in the low-rank coal samples. Moisture retention within core plug samples, especially in low-rank coals, appears to inhibit accessibility of supercritical CO2 to coal matrix porosity, limiting the extent to which hydrocarbons are mobilized. Conversely, the enhanced recovery of some surrogates from core plugs relative to dry, ground coal samples might indicate that, once mobilized, supercritical CO2 is capable of transporting these constituents through coal beds. These results underscore the need for using intact coal samples, and for better characterization of forms of water in coal, to understand fate and transport of organic compounds during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ef502611d","usgsCitation":"Kolak, J., Hackley, P.C., Ruppert, L.F., Warwick, P.D., and Burruss, R., 2015, Using ground and intact coal Samples to evaluate hydrocarbon fate during supercritical CO2 injection into coal beds: effects of particle size and coal moisture: Energy & Fuels, v. 29, no. 8, p. 5187-5203, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502611d.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"5187","endPage":"5203","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060091","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502611d","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-07-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7efa1e4b0bc0bec09f273","chorus":{"doi":"10.1021/ef502611d","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef502611d","publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","authors":"Kolak Jonathan J., Hackley Paul C., Ruppert Leslie F., Warwick Peter D., Burruss Robert C.","journalName":"Energy & Fuels","publicationDate":"8/20/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolak, Jon jkolak@usgs.gov","contributorId":677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolak","given":"Jon","email":"jkolak@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Warwick, Peter D. 0000-0002-3152-7783 pwarwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3152-7783","contributorId":762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warwick","given":"Peter","email":"pwarwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Burruss, Robert 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":146833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70145467,"text":"70145467 - 2015 - Substantial nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal sediments and groundwater in anthropogenically-impacted West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:24:43","indexId":"70145467","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Substantial nitrous oxide emissions from intertidal sediments and groundwater in anthropogenically-impacted West Falmouth Harbor, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Large N2O emissions were observed from intertidal sediments in a coastal estuary, West Falmouth Harbor, MA, USA. Average N2O emission rates from 41 chambers during summer 2008 were 10.7 mol N2O m(-2) h(-1)±4.43 μmol N2O m(-2) h(-1) (standard error). Emissions were highest from sediments within a known wastewater plume, where a maximum N2O emission rate was 155 μmol N2O m(-2) h(-1). Intertidal N2O fluxes were positively related to porewater ammonium concentrations at 10 and 25 cm depths. In groundwater from 7 shoreline wells, dissolved N2O ranged from 488% of saturation (56 nM N2O) to more than 13000% of saturation (1529 nM N2O) and was positively related to nitrate concentrations. Fresh and brackish porewater underlying 14 chambers was also supersaturated in N2O, ranging from 2980% to 13175% of saturation. These observations support a relationship between anthropogenic nutrient loading and N2O emissions in West Falmouth Harbor, with both groundwater sources and also local N2O production within nutrient-rich, intertidal sediments in the groundwater seepage face. N2O emissions from intertidal \"hotspot\" in this harbor, together with estimated surface water emissions, constituted 2.4% of the average overall rate of nitrogen export from the watershed to the estuary. This suggests that N2O emissions factors from coastal ecosystems may be underestimated. Since anthropogenic nutrient loading affects estuaries worldwide, quantification of N2O dynamics is warranted in other anthropogenically-impacted coastal ecosystems.
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Rosen, water quality specialist within the USGS Water Science Field Team in Carson City and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, professor of geology at Ohio University, to take a look at the intriguing new developments that are emerging in limnogeologic studies. These studies are increasing our understanding of how climate and movements of the Earth's surface influence terrestrial environments, as well as how contaminants are distributed and retained in the environment. They present a selection of recent significant research on sediments, rock, and biota that have been preserved in modern and ancient lake basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0","collaboration":"Ohio University","usgsCitation":"Rosen, M.R., and Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch, 2015, Limnogeology, news in brief: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 73, no. 2, p. 913-917, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"917","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057983","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298336,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12665-014-3700-0"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54fec434e4b02419550debd0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosen, Michael R. 0000-0003-3991-0522 mrosen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3991-0522","contributorId":495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosen","given":"Michael","email":"mrosen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","contributorId":139593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch","affiliations":[{"id":12807,"text":"Ohio University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156068,"text":"70156068 - 2015 - Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-21T09:57:00","indexId":"70156068","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T09:52:06","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009","docAbstract":"The case study presented here reviews the uranium resource estimates and summarizes the property situation of the Coles Hill uranium Deposit. Uranium resources at Coles Hill are then classified according to UNFC-2009.
The Coles Hill Deposit is located in Pittsylvania County, southern Virginia, United States (Figure 14). Coles Hill was discovered by the Marline Corporation who identified an outcropping surface radiometric anomaly in 1979. The deposit was delineated by Marline and UMETCO (a subsidiary of the Union Carbide Corporation) from 1979 to 1984. In all, 182 rotary holes (38,037 metres (124,799 feet) of drilling) and 74 core holes (19,836 m (65,082 feet) of drilling) were completed and two distinct deposits, the North and South Coles Hill Deposits were defined [66]. Marline let its option to develop the property lapse in response to low uranium prices and a moratorium on uranium mining in Virginia that was passed in 1982. In 2006, a corporation formed by the majority property owner, Virginia Uranium LLC, consolidated 2,296 acres (929 hectares (ha)) in surface rights and 2,940 acres (1,190 ha) in mineral rights, which cover most of the north and south deposits. In 2008, Virginia Uranium drilled 3 core holes and 7 rotary holes. Geophysical surveys were completed for 5 historic holes to confirm earlier results. The Marline core was donated to, and is curated by, the Virginia Natural History Museum; the Marline core is stored on site along with the core drilled in 2008 by Virginia Uranium. The property is accessible from secondary paved roads and the infrastructure, including access to power and water and proximity to local support services, is excellent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Application of UNFC to Nuclear Fuel Resources - Selected Case Studies","language":"English","publisher":"UNECE","usgsCitation":"Hall, S.M., 2015, Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009, chap. of Application of UNFC to Nuclear Fuel Resources - Selected Case Studies, p. 38-43.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-066676","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":359630,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.unece.org/index.php?id=47609"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bf67cf6e4b045bfcae2d002","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Susan M. 0000-0002-0931-8694 susanhall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-8694","contributorId":2481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Susan","email":"susanhall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":567817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199014,"text":"70199014 - 2015 - A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-14T08:34:26","indexId":"70199014","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T09:40:36","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"The late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley illustrates the dynamic nature of the North American–Pacific plate boundary and its effect on basin and landscape development. Prior to early Miocene time, the area that became Santa Clara Valley consisted of eroding Franciscan complex basement structurally interleaved in places with Coast Range ophiolite and Mesozoic Great Valley sequence, and locally overlapped by Paleogene strata. During early to middle Miocene time, this landscape was flooded by the sea and was deformed locally into deeper depressions such as the Cupertino Basin in the southwestern part of the valley. Marine deposition during the middle and late Miocene laid down thin deposits in shallow water and thick deeper-water deposits in the Cupertino Basin. During this sedimentation, the San Andreas fault system encroached into the valley, with most offset partitioned onto the San Andreas fault southwest of the valley and the southern Calaveras–Silver Creek–Hayward fault system in the northeastern part of the valley. A 6-km-wide right step between the Hayward and Silver Creek faults formed the 40-km-long Evergreen pull-apart basin along the northeastern margin of the valley, leaving a basement ridge between it and the Cupertino Basin. The Silver Creek fault was largely abandoned ca. 2.5 Ma in favor of a compressional left step between the Calaveras and Hayward fault, although some slip continued to at least mid-Quaternary time. Gravity, seismic, stratigraphic, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data indicate no other major San Andreas system faults within the central block between the present-day range-front faults bounding the valley and the Silver Creek fault. Sometime between 9 and 4 Ma (9 and 1 Ma for the central block), the area rose above sea level, and a regional surface of erosion was carved into the Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks. Alluvial gravels were deposited on this surface along the margins of the valley beginning ca. 4 Ma, but they may not have prograded onto the central block until ca. 1 Ma, because no older equivalents of the Pliocene–Quaternary Santa Clara gravels have been found there. Thus, either the central block was high enough relative to the surrounding areas that Santa Clara gravels were never deposited on it, or any Santa Clara gravels deposited there were stripped away before ca. 1 Ma. Analysis of alluvium on the central block implies a remarkably uniform, piston-like, subsidence of the valley of ∼0.4 mm/yr since ca. 0.8 Ma, possibly extending north to northern San Francisco Bay. Today, the central block continues to subside, the range-front reverse faults are active, and the major active faults of the San Andreas system are mostly outside the valley.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01093.1","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Jachens, R.C., Wentworth, C.M., Graymer, R.W., Stanley, R.G., McLaughlin, R.J., Simpson, R.W., Williams, R.A., Andersen, D.W., and Ponce, D.A., 2015, A summary of the late Cenozoic stratigraphic and tectonic history of the Santa Clara Valley, California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 1, p. 50-62, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01093.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"62","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01093.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":356903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Clara Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.56484985351561,\n 37.01571219880126\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 37.01571219880126\n ],\n [\n -121.5,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -122.56484985351561,\n 37.75877280300828\n ],\n [\n -122.56484985351561,\n 37.01571219880126\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b98a8ebe4b0702d0e843110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science 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0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288 rjmcl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":1428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert","email":"rjmcl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":140192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":743773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Andersen, D. W.","contributorId":173257,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andersen","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":743775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70148052,"text":"70148052 - 2015 - Characterizing toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from mining areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:35:04","indexId":"70148052","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from mining areas","docAbstract":"This paper reviews methods for testing the toxicity of metals associated with freshwater sediments, linking toxic effects with metal exposure and bioavailability, and developing sediment quality guidelines. The most broadly applicable approach for characterizing metal toxicity is whole-sediment toxicity testing, which attempts to simulate natural exposure conditions in the laboratory. Standard methods for whole-sediment testing can be adapted to test a wide variety of taxa. Chronic sediment tests that characterize effects on multiple endpoints (e.g., survival, growth, and reproduction) can be highly sensitive indicators of adverse effects on resident invertebrate taxa. Methods for testing of aqueous phases (pore water, overlying water, or elutriates) are used less frequently. Analysis of sediment toxicity data focuses on statistical comparisons between responses in sediments from the study area and responses in one or more uncontaminated reference sediments. For large or complex study areas, a greater number of reference sediments is recommended to reliably define the normal range of responses in uncontaminated sediments – the ‘reference envelope’. Data on metal concentrations and effects on test organisms across a gradient of contamination may allow development of concentration-response models, which estimate metal concentrations associated with specified levels of toxic effects (e.g. 20% effect concentration or EC20). Comparisons of toxic effects in laboratory tests with measures of impacts on resident benthic invertebrate communities can help document causal relationships between metal contamination and biological effects. Total or total-recoverable metal concentrations in sediments are the most common measure of metal contamination in sediments, but metal concentrations in labile sediment fractions (e.g., determined as part of selective sediment extraction protocols) may better represent metal bioavailability. Metals released by the weak-acid extraction of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS), termed simultaneously-extracted metals (SEM), are widely used to estimate the ‘potentially-bioavailable’ fraction of metals that is not bound to sulfides (i.e., SEM-AVS). Metal concentrations in pore water are widely considered to be direct measures of metal bioavailability, and predictions of toxicity based on pore-water metal concentrations may be further improved by modeling interactions of metals with other pore-water constituents using Biotic Ligand Models. Data from sediment toxicity tests and metal analyses has provided the basis for development of sediment quality guidelines, which estimate thresholds for toxicity of metals in sediments. Empirical guidelines such as Probable Effects Concentrations or (PECs) are based on associations between sediment metal concentrations and occurrence of toxic effects in large datasets. PECs do not model bioavailable metals, but they can be used to estimate the toxicity of metal mixtures using by calculation of probable effect quotients (PEQ = sediment metal concentration/PEC). In contrast, mechanistic guidelines, such as Equilibrium Partitioning Sediment Benchmarks (ESBs) attempt to predict both bioavailability and mixture toxicity. Application of these simple bioavailability models requires more extensive chemical characterization of sediments or pore water, compared to empirical guidelines, but may provide more reliable estimates of metal toxicity across a wide range of sediment types.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.021","usgsCitation":"Besser, J.M., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Ingersoll, C.G., 2015, Characterizing toxicity of metal-contaminated sediments from mining areas: Applied Geochemistry, v. 57, p. 73-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.05.021.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041372","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"555718b3e4b0a92fa7e9d033","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Besser, John M. 0000-0002-9464-2244 jbesser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9464-2244","contributorId":2073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Besser","given":"John","email":"jbesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brumbaugh, William G. 0000-0003-0081-375X bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0081-375X","contributorId":493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumbaugh","given":"William","email":"bbrumbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ingersoll, Christopher G. 0000-0003-4531-5949 cingersoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4531-5949","contributorId":2071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Christopher","email":"cingersoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155925,"text":"70155925 - 2015 - 2013 Monitoring and tracking wet nitrogen deposition at Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:54:57","indexId":"70155925","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRSS/ARD/NRR—2015/997","title":"2013 Monitoring and tracking wet nitrogen deposition at Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"In 2004, multiple agencies including the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), the National Park Service (NPS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) met to address the effects and trends of nitrogen deposition and related air quality issues at Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP). These agencies signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to facilitate interagency coordination, calling the effort the “Rocky Mountain National Park Initiative.” After much collaboration, the MOU agencies (CDPHE, NPS, and U.S. EPA) issued the Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan (NDRP) in 2007, which was endorsed by the three agencies and the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC). The NDRP and other related documents are available on the CDPHE website: http://www.colorado.gov/cdphe/rmnpinitiative.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to inform the MOU agencies, stakeholders, and the public about the status and trends of wet nitrogen deposition at RMNP\r\nthrough 2013. 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