The Sunda convergent margin extends for 5,600 km from the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, both located northwest of the map area, towards the island of Sumba in the southeast, and then continues eastward as the Banda arc system. This tectonically active margin is a result of the India and Australia plates converging with and subducting beneath the Sunda plate at a rate of approximately 50 to 70 mm/yr. The main physiographic feature associated with this convergent margin is the Sunda-Java Trench, which stretches for 3,000 km parallel to the Java and Sumatra land masses and terminates at 120° E. The convergence of the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates produces two active volcanic arcs: Sunda, which extends from 105 to 122° E and Banda, which extends from 122 to 128° E. The Sunda arc results solely from relatively simple oceanic plate subduction, while the Banda arc represents the transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision, where a complex, broad deforming zone is found.
\nBased on modern activity, the Banda arc can be divided into three distinct zones: an inactive section, the Wetar Zone, bound by two active segments, the Flores Zone in the west and the Damar Zone in the east. The lack of volcanism in the Wetar Zone is attributed to the collision of Australia with the Sunda plate. The absence of gap in volcanic activity is underlain by a gap in intermediate depth seismicity, which is in contrast to nearly continuous, deep seismicity below all three sections of the arc. The Flores Zone is characterized by down-dip compression in the subducted slab at intermediate depths and late Quaternary uplift of the forearc. These unusual features, along with GPS data interpretations indicate that the Flores Zone marks the transition between subduction of oceanic crust in the west and the collision of continental crust in the east.
\nThe Java section of the Sunda arc is considered relatively aseismic historically when compared to the highly seismically active Sumatra section, despite both areas being located along the same active subduction margin. Shallow (0–20 km) events have occurred historically in the overlying Sunda plate, causing damage to local and regional communities. A recent example was the May 26, 2006 M6.3 left-lateral strike-slip event that occurred at a depth of 10 km in central Java, and caused over 5,700 fatalities. Intermediate depth (70–300 km) earthquakes frequently occur beneath Java as a result of intraplate faulting within the Australia slab. Deep (300–650 km) earthquakes occur beneath the Java Sea and the back-arc region to the north of Java. Similar to other intermediate depth events, these earthquakes are also associated with intraslab faulting. However, this subduction zone exhibits a gap in seismicity from 250 to 400 km, interpreted as the transition between extensional and compressional slab stresses. Historical examples of large intraplate events include: the 1903 M8.1 event, 1921 M7.5 event, 1977 M8.3 event, and August 2007 M7.5 event.
\nLarge thrust earthquakes close to the Java trench are typically interplate faulting events along the slab interface between the Australia and Sunda plates. These earthquakes also generally have high tsunamigenic potential due to their shallow hypocentral depths. In some cases, these events have demonstrated slow moment-release and have been defined as ‘tsunami’ earthquakes, where rupture is large in the weak crustal layers very close to the seafloor. These events are categorized by tsunamis that are significantly larger than predicted by the earthquake’s magnitude. The most notable tsunami earthquakes in the Java region occurred on June 2, 1994 (M7.8) and July 17, 2006 (M7.7). The 1994 event produced a tsunami with wave runup heights of 13 m, killing over 200 people. The 2006 event produced a tsunami of up to 15 m, and killed 730 people. Although both of these tsunami earthquakes were characterized by rupture along thrust faults, they were followed by an abundance of normal faulting aftershocks. These aftershocks are interpreted to result from extension within the subducting Australia plate, whereas the mainshocks represented interplate faulting between the Australia and Sunda plates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083N","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Jones, E.S., Hayes, G., Bernardino, M., Dannemann, F.K., Furlong, K.P., Benz, H.M., and Villaseñor, A., 2014, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Java and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Map: 37.13 x 23.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083N.","productDescription":"1 Map: 37.13 x 23.83 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049053","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20101083N.jpg"},{"id":289188,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/n/"},{"id":289189,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/n/pdf/of2010-1083-N.pdf"}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"World Mercator projection","otherGeospatial":"Sunda","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 105.0,-15.0 ], [ 105.0,0.0 ], [ 130.0,0.0 ], [ 130.0,-15.0 ], [ 105.0,-15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d1e4b07b8813a5545d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Eric S. 0000-0002-9200-8442 esjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-8442","contributorId":4924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Eric","email":"esjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardino, Melissa","contributorId":100732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardino","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dannemann, Fransiska K.","contributorId":44077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dannemann","given":"Fransiska","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Villaseñor, Antonio","contributorId":100969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villaseñor","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70114966,"text":"70114966 - 2014 - Sampling little fish in big rivers: Larval fish detection probabilities in two Lake Erie tributaries and implications for sampling effort and abundance indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T15:00:46","indexId":"70114966","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling little fish in big rivers: Larval fish detection probabilities in two Lake Erie tributaries and implications for sampling effort and abundance indices","docAbstract":"Larval fish are frequently sampled in coastal tributaries to determine factors affecting recruitment, evaluate spawning success, and estimate production from spawning habitats. Imperfect detection of larvae is common, because larval fish are small and unevenly distributed in space and time, and coastal tributaries are often large and heterogeneous. We estimated detection probabilities of larval fish from several taxa in the Maumee and Detroit rivers, the two largest tributaries of Lake Erie. We then demonstrated how accounting for imperfect detection influenced (1) the probability of observing taxa as present relative to sampling effort and (2) abundance indices for larval fish of two Detroit River species. We found that detection probabilities ranged from 0.09 to 0.91 but were always less than 1.0, indicating that imperfect detection is common among taxa and between systems. In general, taxa with high fecundities, small larval length at hatching, and no nesting behaviors had the highest detection probabilities. Also, detection probabilities were higher in the Maumee River than in the Detroit River. Accounting for imperfect detection produced up to fourfold increases in abundance indices for Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum. The effect of accounting for imperfect detection in abundance indices was greatest during periods of low abundance for both species. Detection information can be used to determine the appropriate level of sampling effort for larval fishes and may improve management and conservation decisions based on larval fish data.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.911204","usgsCitation":"Pritt, J., DuFour, M., Mayer, C.M., Roseman, E., and DeBruyne, R.L., 2014, Sampling little fish in big rivers: Larval fish detection probabilities in two Lake Erie tributaries and implications for sampling effort and abundance indices: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 4, p. 1011-1027, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.911204.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1027","ipdsId":"IP-054295","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, Lake Erie, Maumee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6953,41.5493 ], [ -83.6953,42.4 ], [ -82.8852,42.4 ], [ -82.8852,41.5493 ], [ -83.6953,41.5493 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d1e4b07b8813a55459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pritt, Jeremy J.","contributorId":38055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeremy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuFour, Mark R.","contributorId":36451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuFour","given":"Mark R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":50814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeBruyne, Robin L. 0000-0002-9232-7937 rdebruyne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-7937","contributorId":4936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBruyne","given":"Robin","email":"rdebruyne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101651,"text":"sir20145004 - 2014 - Regional regression equations for the estimation of selected monthly low-flow duration and frequency statistics at ungaged sites on streams in New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T09:51:26","indexId":"sir20145004","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T09:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5004","title":"Regional regression equations for the estimation of selected monthly low-flow duration and frequency statistics at ungaged sites on streams in New Jersey","docAbstract":"Regional regression equations were developed for estimating monthly flow-duration and monthly low-flow frequency statistics for ungaged streams in Coastal Plain and non-coastal regions of New Jersey for baseline and current land- and water-use conditions. The equations were developed to estimate 87 different streamflow statistics, which include the monthly 99-, 90-, 85-, 75-, 50-, and 25-percentile flow-durations of the minimum 1-day daily flow; the August–September 99-, 90-, and 75-percentile minimum 1-day daily flow; and the monthly 7-day, 10-year (M7D10Y) low-flow frequency. These 87 streamflow statistics were computed for 41 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations (streamgages) with 20 or more years of record and 167 low-flow partial-record stations in New Jersey with 10 or more streamflow measurements.
\nThe regression analyses used to develop equations to estimate selected streamflow statistics were performed by testing the relation between flow-duration statistics and low-flow frequency statistics for 32 basin characteristics (physical characteristics, land use, surficial geology, and climate) at the 41 streamgages and 167 low-flow partial-record stations. The regression analyses determined drainage area, soil permeability, average April precipitation, average June precipitation, and percent storage (water bodies and wetlands) were the significant explanatory variables for estimating the selected flow-duration and low-flow frequency statistics.
\nStreamflow estimates were computed for two land- and water-use conditions in New Jersey—land- and water-use during the baseline period of record (defined as the years a streamgage had little to no change in development and water use) and current land- and water-use conditions (1989–2008)—for each selected station using data collected through water year 2008. The baseline period of record is representative of a period when the basin was unaffected by change in development. The current period is representative of the increased development of the last 20 years (1989–2008). The two different land- and water-use conditions were used as surrogates for development to determine whether there have been changes in low-flow statistics as a result of changes in development over time. The State was divided into two low-flow regression regions, the Coastal Plain and the non-coastal region, in order to improve the accuracy of the regression equations. The left-censored parametric survival regression method was used for the analyses to account for streamgages and partial-record stations that had zero flow values for some of the statistics. The average standard error of estimate for the 348 regression equations ranged from 16 to 340 percent. These regression equations and basin characteristics are presented in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) StreamStats Web-based geographic information system application. This tool allows users to click on an ungaged site on a stream in New Jersey and get the estimated flow-duration and low-flow frequency statistics. Additionally, the user can click on a streamgage or partial-record station and get the “at-site” streamflow statistics.
\nThe low-flow characteristics of a stream ultimately affect the use of the stream by humans. Specific information on the low-flow characteristics of streams is essential to water managers who deal with problems related to municipal and industrial water supply, fish and wildlife conservation, and dilution of wastewater.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145004","issn":"2328-0328","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Watson, K.M., and McHugh, A.R., 2014, Regional regression equations for the estimation of selected monthly low-flow duration and frequency statistics at ungaged sites on streams in New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5004, Report: ix, 58 p.; 6 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145004.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 58 p.; 6 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043031","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145004.jpg"},{"id":289171,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/appendix_1_obs_est_noncoastbaseline.xlsx"},{"id":289172,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/appendix_2_obs_est_coastbaseline.xlsx"},{"id":289173,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/appendix_3_obs_est_noncoastcurrent.xlsx"},{"id":289170,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/sir2014-5004.pdf"},{"id":289174,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/appendix_4_obs_est_coastcurrent.xlsx"},{"id":289175,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/appendix_5_base_vs_current_noncoastal.xlsx"},{"id":289176,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/support/appendix_6_base_vs_current_coastal.xlsx"},{"id":286245,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5004/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5,39.0 ], [ -75.5,41.25 ], [ -74.0,41.25 ], [ -74.0,39.0 ], [ -75.5,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d0e4b07b8813a55457","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, Kara M. 0000-0002-2685-0260 kmwatson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-0260","contributorId":2134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"Kara","email":"kmwatson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McHugh, Amy R.","contributorId":33222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103574,"text":"sir20145087 - 2014 - Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lahaina District, West Maui, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T16:21:50","indexId":"sir20145087","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-27T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5087","title":"Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lahaina District, West Maui, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to characterize streamflow availability under natural low-flow conditions for streams in the Lahaina District, west Maui, Hawaiʻi. The study-area streams included Honolua Stream and tributary Pāpua Gulch, Honokahua Stream and tributary Mokupeʻa Gulch, Kahana Stream, Honokōwai Stream and tributaries Amalu and Kapāloa Streams, Wahikuli Gulch and tributary Hāhākea Gulch, Kahoma Stream and tributary Kanahā Stream, Kauaʻula Stream, Launiupoko Stream, Olowalu Stream, and Ukumehame Gulch. The results of this study can be used to assist in the determination of technically defensible instream-flow standards for the study-area streams.
\nLow-flow characteristics for natural (unregulated) streamflow conditions were represented by flow-duration discharges that are equaled or exceeded between 50 and 95 percent of the time. Partial-record sites were established on 10 main streams and 5 tributary streams, mainly upstream from existing surface-water diversions. Flow characteristics were determined using historical and current streamflow data from continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and miscellaneous sites, and additional data collected as part of this study. Based on strategically scheduled observations, six of the study-area streams were ephemeral streams that were observed to remain dry at least 50 percent of the time: Pāpua Gulch, Honokahua Stream and its tributary Mokupeʻa Gulch, Kahana Stream, and Wahikuli Gulch and its tributary Hāhākea Gulch. For the remaining streams with measurable flow, Honolua, Honokōwai, Kahoma, Kanahā, Kauaʻula, Launiupoko, and Olowalu Streams, and Ukumehame Gulch, flow-duration discharges were computed for the 30-year base period (water years 1984–2013), using two record-augmentation techniques. The 95-percent flow-duration discharges ranged from 0 to 4.8 cubic feet per second (ft3/s). The 50-percent flow-duration discharges ranged from 0.47 to 9.5 ft3/s.
\nThis study also estimated the streamflow gains and losses downstream of surface-water diversions using seepage-run measurements. A majority of the streams lost flow downstream from diversions. Measured seepage-loss rates ranged between 0.045 and 1.6 ft3/s per mile of stream reach. Seepage gains mostly occurred upstream from diversions and the measured seepage-gain rates generally ranged between 0.75 and 5.1 ft3/s per mile of stream reach. Under natural-flow conditions, Honolua Stream is estimated to flow to the ocean less than 80 percent of the time and Honokōwai Stream is estimated to flow to the ocean less than 50 percent of the time. Kahoma Stream, Kauaʻula Stream, Olowalu Stream, and Ukumehame Gulch are estimated to flow to the ocean at least 95 percent of the time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaiʻi Commission on Water Resource Management","usgsCitation":"Cheng, C.L., 2014, Low-flow characteristics of streams in the Lahaina District, West Maui, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5087, x, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145087.","productDescription":"x, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036373","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145087.jpg"},{"id":289150,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5087/"},{"id":289151,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5087/pdf/sir2014-5087.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 4","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Maui","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.696923,20.780151 ], [ -156.696923,21.031413 ], [ -156.538315,21.031413 ], [ -156.538315,20.780151 ], [ -156.696923,20.780151 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae776ce4b0abf75cf2c120","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, Chui Ling 0000-0003-2396-2571 ccheng@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2396-2571","contributorId":3926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Chui","email":"ccheng@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ling","affiliations":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70114859,"text":"70114859 - 2014 - Grass carp in the Great Lakes region: establishment potential, expert perceptions, and re-evaluation of experimental evidence of ecological impact","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T10:01:45","indexId":"70114859","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-27T09:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Grass carp in the Great Lakes region: establishment potential, expert perceptions, and re-evaluation of experimental evidence of ecological impact","docAbstract":"Intentional introductions of nonindigenous fishes are increasing globally. While benefits of these introductions are easily quantified, assessments to understand the negative impacts to ecosystems are often difficult, incomplete, or absent. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was originally introduced to the United States as a biocontrol agent, and recent observations of wild, diploid individuals in the Great Lakes basin have spurred interest in re-evaluating its ecological risk. Here, we evaluate the ecological impact of grass carp using expert opinion and a suite of the most up-to-date analytical tools and data (ploidy assessment, eDNA surveillance, species distribution models (SDMs), and meta-analysis). The perceived ecological impact of grass carp by fisheries experts was variable, ranging from unknown to very high. Wild-caught triploid and diploid individuals occurred in multiple Great Lakes waterways, and eDNA surveillance suggests that grass carp are abundant in a major tributary of Lake Michigan. SDMs predicted suitable grass carp climate occurs in all Great Lakes. Meta-analysis showed that grass carp introductions impact both water quality and biota. Novel findings based on updated ecological impact assessment tools indicate that iterative risk assessment of introduced fishes may be warranted.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0537","usgsCitation":"Wittmann, M.E., Jerde, C.L., Howeth, J.G., Maher, S.P., Deines, A., Jenkins, J.A., Whitledge, G.W., Burbank, S.B., Chadderton, W.L., Mahon, A., Tyson, J.T., Gantz, C.A., Keller, R.P., Drake, J.M., and Lodge, D.M., 2014, Grass carp in the Great Lakes region: establishment potential, expert perceptions, and re-evaluation of experimental evidence of ecological impact: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 7, p. 992-999, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0537.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"992","endPage":"999","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-045070","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472922,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0537","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289121,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0537"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"71","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76e9e4b0abf75cf2c084","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittmann, Marion E.","contributorId":66988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittmann","given":"Marion","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jerde, Christopher L.","contributorId":45608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jerde","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howeth, Jennifer G.","contributorId":63319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howeth","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maher, Sean P.","contributorId":7998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maher","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Deines, Andrew M.","contributorId":94601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deines","given":"Andrew M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Whitledge, Gregory W.","contributorId":73110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitledge","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Burbank, Sarah B.","contributorId":69480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbank","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Chadderton, William L.","contributorId":31313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chadderton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mahon, Andrew R.","contributorId":64131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahon","given":"Andrew R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Tyson, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":104433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gantz, Crysta A.","contributorId":105647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gantz","given":"Crysta","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Keller, Reuben P.","contributorId":98637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Drake, John M.","contributorId":88273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Lodge, David M.","contributorId":76622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lodge","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16905,"text":"University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70114017,"text":"ofr20141128 - 2014 - Comparison of historical streamflows to 2013 Streamflows in the Williamson, Sprague, and Wood Rivers, Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T08:23:39","indexId":"ofr20141128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T15:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1128","title":"Comparison of historical streamflows to 2013 Streamflows in the Williamson, Sprague, and Wood Rivers, Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"In 2013, the Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon, experienced a dry spring, resulting in an executive order declaring a state of drought emergency in Klamath County. The 2013 drought limited the water supply and led to a near-total cessation of surface-water diversions for irrigation above Upper Klamath Lake once regulation was implemented. These conditions presented a unique opportunity to understand the effects of water right regulation on streamflows.
\nThe effects of regulation of diversions were evaluated by comparing measured 2013 streamflow with data from hydrologically similar years. Years with spring streamflow similar to that in 2013 measured at the Sprague River gage at Chiloquin from water years 1973 to 2012 were used to define a Composite Index Year (CIY; with diversions) for comparison to measured 2013 streamflows (no diversions). The best-fit 6 years (1977, 1981, 1990, 1991, 1994, and 2001) were used to determine the CIY.
\nTwo streams account for most of the streamflow into Upper Klamath Lake: the Williamson and Wood Rivers. Most streamflow into the lake is from the Williamson River Basin, which includes the Sprague River. Because most of the diversion regulation affecting the streamflow of the Williamson River occurred in the Sprague River Basin, and because of uncertainties about historical flows in a major diversion above the Williamson River gage, streamflow data from the Sprague River were used to estimate the change in streamflow from regulation of diversions for the Williamson River Basin. Changes in streamflow outside of the Sprague River Basin were likely minor relative to total streamflow.
\nThe effect of diversion regulation was evaluated using the “Baseflow Method,” which compared 2013 baseflow to baseflow of the CIY. The Baseflow Method reduces the potential effects of summer precipitation events on the calculations. A similar method using streamflow produced similar results, however, despite at least one summer precipitation event. The result of the analysis estimates that streamflow from the Williamson River Basin to Upper Klamath Lake increased by approximately 14,100 acre-feet between July 1 and September 30 relative to prior dry years as a result of regulation of surface-water diversions in 2013.
\nQuantifying the change in streamflow from regulation of diversion for the Wood River Basin was likely less accurate due to a lack of long-term streamflow data. An increase in streamflow from regulation of diversions in the Wood River Basin of roughly 5,500 acre-feet was estimated by comparing the average August and September streamflow in 2013 with historical August and September streamflow.
\nSumming the results of the estimated streamflow gain of the Williamson River Basin (14,100 acre-feet) and Wood River (5,500 acre-feet) gives a total estimated increase in streamflow into Upper Klamath Lake resulting from the July 1–September 2013 regulation of diversions of approximately 19,600 acre-feet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., and Stonewall, A., 2014, Comparison of historical streamflows to 2013 Streamflows in the Williamson, Sprague, and Wood Rivers, Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1128, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141128.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053100","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1128/pdf/ofr2014-1128.pdf"},{"id":289114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141128.jpg"},{"id":289112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1128/"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,42.333333 ], [ -122.0,42.833333 ], [ -120.5,42.833333 ], [ -120.5,42.333333 ], [ -122.0,42.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d6e4b0729c154181a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":2699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam J.","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70101200,"text":"sir20145069 - 2014 - Assessment of metal and trace element contamination in water, sediment, plants, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Tavasci Marsh, Tuzigoot National Monument, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:35:33","indexId":"sir20145069","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5069","title":"Assessment of metal and trace element contamination in water, sediment, plants, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Tavasci Marsh, Tuzigoot National Monument, Arizona","docAbstract":"Tavasci Marsh is a large freshwater marsh within the Tuzigoot National Monument in central Arizona. It is the largest freshwater marsh in Arizona that is unconnected to the Colorado River and is designated as an Important Bird Area by the Audubon Society. The marsh has been altered significantly by previous land use and the monument’s managers are evaluating the restoration of the marsh. In light of historical mining activities located near the marsh from the first half of the 20th century, evaluations of water, sediment, plant, and aquatic biota in the marsh were conducted. The evaluations were focused on nine metals and trace elements commonly associated with mining and other anthropogenic activities (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn) together with isotopic analyses to understand the presence, sources and timing of water and sediment contaminants to the marsh and the occurrence in aquatic plants, dragonfly larvae, and fish.
\nResults of water analyses indicate that there were two distinct sources of water contributing to the marsh during the study: one from older high elevation recharge entering the marsh at Shea Spring (as well as a number of unnamed seeps and springs on the northeastern edge of the marsh) and the other from younger low elevation recharge or from Pecks Lake. Water concentrations for arsenic exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking water standard of 10 μg/L at all sampling sites. Surface waters at Tavasci Marsh may contain conditions favorable for methylmercury production.
\nAll surficial and core sediment samples exceeded or were within sample concentration variability of at least one threshold sediment quality guideline for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Several sediment sites were also above or were within sample concentration variability of severe or probable effect sediment quality guidelines for As, Cd, and Cu. Three sediment cores collected in the marsh have greater metal and trace element concentrations at depth for Bi, Cd, Cu, Hg, In, Pb, Sb, Sn, Te, and Zn. Radioisotope dating indicates that the elevated metal and trace element concentrations are associated with sediments deposited before 1963.
\nArsenic concentration was greater in cattail roots compared with surrounding sediment at Tavasci Marsh. Concentrations of As, Ni, and Se from yellow bullhead catfish (Ameiurus natalis) in Tavasci Marsh exceeded the 75th percentile of several other regional studies. Mercury concentration in dragonfly larvae and fish from Tavasci Marsh were similar to or greater than in Tavasci Marsh sediment. Future work includes a biologic risk assessment utilizing the data collected in this study to provide the monument management with additional information for their restoration plan.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145069","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Beisner, K.R., Paretti, N., Brasher, A., Fuller, C.C., and Miller, M.P., 2014, Assessment of metal and trace element contamination in water, sediment, plants, macroinvertebrates, and fish in Tavasci Marsh, Tuzigoot National Monument, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5069, Report: viii, 72 p.; Appendixes A-D, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145069.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 72 p.; Appendixes A-D","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042985","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289084,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5069/downloads/sir2014-5069_appendixB_sediment.xlsx","text":"Appendix B"},{"id":289085,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5069/downloads/sir2014-5069_appendixC_plant.xlsx","text":"Appendix C"},{"id":289086,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5069/downloads/sir2014-5069_appendixD_biota.xlsx","text":"Appendix D"},{"id":289087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145069.jpg"},{"id":289081,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5069/"},{"id":289082,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5069/pdf/sir2014-5069.pdf"},{"id":289083,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5069/downloads/sir2014-5069_appendixA_water.xlsx","text":"Appendix A"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Tavasci Marsh, Tuzigoot National Monument","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.03811,34.768911 ], [ -112.03811,34.78724 ], [ -112.006095,34.78724 ], [ -112.006095,34.768911 ], [ -112.03811,34.768911 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d5e4b0729c1541819e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beisner, Kimberly R. 0000-0002-2077-6899 kbeisner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2077-6899","contributorId":2733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beisner","given":"Kimberly","email":"kbeisner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brasher, Anne M.D.","contributorId":33686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"Anne M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823 mamiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":3919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew","email":"mamiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70059146,"text":"ofr20131294 - 2014 - Review and bibliometric analysis of published literature citing data produced by the Gap Analysis Program (GAP)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T11:47:43","indexId":"ofr20131294","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1294","title":"Review and bibliometric analysis of published literature citing data produced by the Gap Analysis Program (GAP)","docAbstract":"The Gap Analysis Program (GAP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) produces geospatial datasets providing information on land cover, predicted species distributions, stewardship (ownership and conservation status), and an analysis dataset which synthesizes the other three datasets. The intent in providing these datasets is to support the conservation of biodiversity. The datasets are made available at no cost. The initial datasets were created at the state level. More recent datasets have been assembled at regional and national levels.
\nGAP entered an agreement with the Policy Analysis and Science Assistance branch of the USGS to conduct an evaluation to describe the effect that using GAP data has on those who utilize the datasets (GAP users). The evaluation project included multiple components: a discussion regarding use of GAP data conducted with participants at a GAP conference, a literature review of publications that cited use of GAP data, and a survey of GAP users. The findings of the published literature search were used to identify topics to include on the survey.
\nThis report summarizes the literature search, the characteristics of the resulting set of publications, the emergent themes from statements made regarding GAP data, and a bibliometric analysis of the publications. We cannot claim that this list includes all publications that have used GAP data. Given the time lapse that is common in the publishing process, more recent datasets may be cited less frequently in this list of publications. Reports or products that used GAP data may be produced but never published in print or released online. In that case, our search strategies would not have located those reports. Authors may have used GAP data but failed to cite it in such a way that the search strategies we used would have located those publications. These are common issues when using a literature search as part of an evaluation project. Although the final list of publications we identified is not comprehensive, this set of publications can be considered a sufficient sample of those citing GAP data and suitable for the descriptive analyses we conducted.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131294","usgsCitation":"Ratz, J., and Conk, S.J., 2014, Review and bibliometric analysis of published literature citing data produced by the Gap Analysis Program (GAP): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1294, iii, 117 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131294.","productDescription":"iii, 117 p.","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038174","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289077,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131294.jpg"},{"id":289075,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1294/"},{"id":289076,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1294/pdf/ofr2013-1294.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d9e4b0729c154181ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ratz, Joan M.","contributorId":22739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratz","given":"Joan M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conk, Shannon J.","contributorId":21516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conk","given":"Shannon","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70114616,"text":"70114616 - 2014 - A quantitative life history of endangered humpback chub that spawn in the Little Colorado River: variation in movement, growth, and survival","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T10:55:01","indexId":"70114616","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T10:31:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative life history of endangered humpback chub that spawn in the Little Colorado River: variation in movement, growth, and survival","docAbstract":"While the ecology and evolution of partial migratory systems (defined broadly to include skip spawning) have been well studied, we are only beginning to understand how partial migratory populations are responding to ongoing environmental change. Environmental change can lead to differences in the fitness of residents and migrants, which could eventually lead to changes in the frequency of the strategies in the overall population. Here, we address questions concerning the life history of the endangered Gila cypha (humpback chub) in the regulated Colorado River and the unregulated tributary and primary spawning area, the Little Colorado River. We develop eight multistate models for the population based on three movement hypotheses, in which states are defined in terms of fish size classes and river locations. We fit these models to mark–recapture data collected in 2009–2012. We compare survival and growth estimates between the Colorado River and Little Colorado River and calculate abundances for all size classes. The best model supports the hypotheses that larger adults spawn more frequently than smaller adults, that there are residents in the spawning grounds, and that juveniles move out of the Little Colorado River in large numbers during the monsoon season (July–September). Monthly survival rates for G. cypha in the Colorado River are higher than in the Little Colorado River in all size classes; however, growth is slower. While the hypothetical life histories of life-long residents in the Little Colorado River and partial migrants spending most of its time in the Colorado River are very different, they lead to roughly similar fitness expectations when we used expected number of spawns as a proxy. However, more research is needed because our study period covers a period of years when conditions in the Colorado River for G. cypha are likely to have been better than has been typical over the last few decades.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/ece3.990","usgsCitation":"Yackulic, C.B., Yard, M., Korman, J., and Van Haverbeke, D., 2014, A quantitative life history of endangered humpback chub that spawn in the Little Colorado River: variation in movement, growth, and survival: Ecology and Evolution, v. 4, no. 7, p. 1006-1018, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.990.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1006","endPage":"1018","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-046001","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472924,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289074,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289073,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.990"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Little Colorado River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.920471,36.073522 ], [ -111.920471,36.375962 ], [ -111.498184,36.375962 ], [ -111.498184,36.073522 ], [ -111.920471,36.073522 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"4","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d4e4b0729c1541819c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yackulic, Charles B. 0000-0001-9661-0724 cyackulic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-0724","contributorId":4662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackulic","given":"Charles","email":"cyackulic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yard, Michael D. 0000-0002-6580-6027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6580-6027","contributorId":8577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yard","given":"Michael D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Korman, Josh","contributorId":29922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korman","given":"Josh","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Haverbeke, David R.","contributorId":83838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Haverbeke","given":"David R.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173903,"text":"70173903 - 2014 - A semi-automated method of monitoring dam passage of American Eels Anguilla rostrata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-15T12:34:13","indexId":"70173903","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A semi-automated method of monitoring dam passage of American Eels Anguilla rostrata","docAbstract":"Fish passage facilities at dams have become an important focus of fishery management in riverine systems. Given the personnel and travel costs associated with physical monitoring programs, automated or semi-automated systems are an attractive alternative for monitoring fish passage facilities. We designed and tested a semi-automated system for eel ladder monitoring at Millville Dam on the lower Shenandoah River, West Virginia. A motion-activated eel ladder camera (ELC) photographed each yellow-phase American Eel Anguilla rostrata that passed through the ladder. Digital images (with date and time stamps) of American Eels allowed for total daily counts and measurements of eel TL using photogrammetric methods with digital imaging software. We compared physical counts of American Eels with camera-based counts; TLs obtained with a measuring board were compared with TLs derived from photogrammetric methods. Data from the ELC were consistent with data obtained by physical methods, thus supporting the semi-automated camera system as a viable option for monitoring American Eel passage. Time stamps on digital images allowed for the documentation of eel passage time—data that were not obtainable from physical monitoring efforts. The ELC has application to eel ladder facilities but can also be used to monitor dam passage of other taxa, such as crayfishes, lampreys, and water snakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, England","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.910580","usgsCitation":"Welsh, S., and Aldinger, J.L., 2014, A semi-automated method of monitoring dam passage of American Eels Anguilla rostrata: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 34, no. 4, p. 702-709, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.910580.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"709","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053279","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57627c2ce4b07657d19a69bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":639013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aldinger, Joni L.","contributorId":171886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aldinger","given":"Joni","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112161,"text":"ofr20141108 - 2014 - Landsat and water: case studies of the uses and benefits of landsat imagery in water resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-26T10:16:32","indexId":"ofr20141108","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T10:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1108","title":"Landsat and water: case studies of the uses and benefits of landsat imagery in water resources","docAbstract":"The Landsat program has been collecting and archiving moderate resolution earth imagery since 1972. The number of Landsat users and uses has increased exponentially since the enactment of a free and open data policy in 2008, which made data available free of charge to all users. Benefits from the information Landsat data provides vary from improving environmental quality to protecting public health and safety and informing decision makers such as consumers and producers, government officials and the public at large. Although some studies have been conducted, little is known about the total benefit provided by open access Landsat imagery.
\nThis report contains a set of case studies focused on the uses and benefits of Landsat imagery. The purpose of these is to shed more light on the benefits accrued from Landsat imagery and to gain a better understanding of the program’s value. The case studies tell a story of how Landsat imagery is used and what its value is to different private and public entities. Most of the case studies focus on the use of Landsat in water resource management, although some other content areas are included.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141108","usgsCitation":"Serbina, L.O., and Miller, H.M., 2014, Landsat and water: case studies of the uses and benefits of landsat imagery in water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1108, xii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141108.","productDescription":"xii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052473","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289072,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141108.jpg"},{"id":289070,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1108/"},{"id":289071,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1108/pdf/ofr2014-1108.pdf"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b193e4b0388651d917de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serbina, Larisa O. lserbina@usgs.gov","contributorId":5474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serbina","given":"Larisa","email":"lserbina@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Holly M. 0000-0003-0914-7570 millerh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-7570","contributorId":29544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Holly","email":"millerh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160091,"text":"70160091 - 2014 - Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-11T16:52:18","indexId":"70160091","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch","docAbstract":"We sought to quantify the possible population-level influence of sediment plumes and algal blooms on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a visual predator found in systems with dynamic water clarity. We used an individual-based model (IBM), which allowed us to include variance in water clarity and the distribution of individual sizes. Our IBM was built with laboratory data showing that larval yellow perch feeding rates increased slightly as sediment turbidity level increased, but that both larval and juvenile yellow perch feeding rates decreased as phytoplankton level increased. Our IBM explained a majority of the variance in yellow perch length in data from the western and central basins of Lake Erie and Oneida Lake, with R2 values ranging from 0.611 to 0.742. Starvation mortality was size dependent, as the greatest daily mortality rates in each simulation occurred within days of each other. Our model showed that turbidity-dependent consumption rates and temperature are key components in determining growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch, linking fish production to land-based processes that influence water clarity. These results suggest the timing and persistence of sediment plumes and algal blooms can drastically alter the growth potential and starvation mortality of a yellow perch cohort.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2013-0528","collaboration":"University of Toledo; Ohio Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Manning, N.M., Bossenbroek, J.M., Mayer, C.M., Bunnell, D., Tyson, J.T., Rudstam, L.G., and Jackson, J.R., 2014, Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 71, no. 10, p. 1544-1553, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0528.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1544","endPage":"1553","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049840","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312144,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bossenbroek, Jonathan M.","contributorId":98622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bossenbroek","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":50814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. dbunnell@usgs.gov","contributorId":141167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David B.","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":581851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tyson, Jeff T.","contributorId":68430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyson","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rudstam, Lars G.","contributorId":56609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudstam","given":"Lars","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jackson, James R.","contributorId":55709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":581856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70104622,"text":"ofr20121258 - 2014 - High-resolution swath interferometric data collected within Muskeget Channel, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T13:28:53","indexId":"ofr20121258","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T13:25:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1258","title":"High-resolution swath interferometric data collected within Muskeget Channel, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Swath interferometric bathymetery data were collected within and around Muskeget Channel and along select nearshore areas south and east of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Data were collected aboard the U.S. Geological Survey research vessel Rafael in October and November 2010 in a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. This report describes the data-collection methods and -processing steps and releases the data in geospatial format. These data were collected to support an assessment of the effect on sediment transport that a tidal instream energy conversion facility would have within Muskeget Channel. Baseline bathymetry data were obtained for the Muskeget Channel area, and surveys in select areas were repeated after one month to monitor sediment transport and bedform migration.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121258","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Denny, J.F., Danforth, W.W., Baldwin, W.E., and Irwin, B.J., 2014, High-resolution swath interferometric data collected within Muskeget Channel, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1258, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121258.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042558","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121258.jpg"},{"id":289052,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1258/"},{"id":289053,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1258/ofr2012-1258_title_page.html"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Muskeget Channel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.5,41.25 ], [ -70.5,41.416667 ], [ -70.333333,41.416667 ], [ -70.333333,41.25 ], [ -70.5,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe152e4b0dad35f8e8c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Denny, Jane F. 0000-0002-3472-618X jdenny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-618X","contributorId":418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Jane","email":"jdenny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baldwin, Wayne E. 0000-0001-5886-0917 wbaldwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5886-0917","contributorId":1321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Wayne","email":"wbaldwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Irwin, Barry J. birwin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Barry","email":"birwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100112,"text":"sir20145059 - 2014 - Hydrogeology and water quality of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Pony Hollow Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T13:08:00","indexId":"sir20145059","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T12:57:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5059","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Pony Hollow Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York","docAbstract":"The lithology, areal extent, and the water-table configuration in stratified-drift aquifers in the northern part of the Pony Hollow Creek valley in the Town of Newfield, New York, were mapped as part of an ongoing aquifer mapping program in Tompkins County. Surficial geologic and soil maps, well and test-boring records, light detection and ranging (lidar) data, water-level measurements, and passive-seismic surveys were used to map the aquifer geometry, construct geologic sections, and determine the depth to bedrock at selected locations throughout the valley. Additionally, water-quality samples were collected from selected streams and wells to characterize the quality of surface and groundwater in the study area.
\nSedimentary bedrock underlies the study area and is overlain by unstratified drift (till), stratified drift (glaciolacustrine and glaciofluvial deposits), and recent post glacial alluvium. The major type of unconsolidated, water-yielding material in the study area is stratified drift, which consists of glaciofluvial sand and gravel, and is present in sufficient amounts in most places to form an extensive unconfined aquifer throughout the study area, which is the source of water for most residents, farms, and businesses in the valleys.
\nA map of the water table in the unconfined aquifer was constructed by using (1) measurements made between the mid-1960s through 2010, (2) control on the altitudes of perennial streams at 10-foot contour intervals from lidar data collected by Tompkins County, and (3) water surfaces of ponds and wetlands that are hydraulically connected to the unconfined aquifer. Water-table contours indicate that the direction of groundwater flow within the stratified-drift aquifer is predominantly from the valley walls toward the streams and ponds in the central part of the valley where groundwater then flows southwestward (down valley) toward the confluence with the Cayuta Creek valley. Locally, the direction of groundwater flow is radially away from groundwater mounds that have formed beneath upland tributaries that lose water where they flow on alluvial fans on the margins of the valley. In some places, groundwater that would normally flow toward streams is intercepted by pumping wells.
\nSurface-water samples were collected in 2001 at four sites including Carter, Pony Hollow (two sites), and Chafee Creeks, and from six wells throughout the aquifer. Calcium dominates the cation composition and bicarbonate dominates the anion composition in groundwater and surface-water samples and none of the common inorganic constituents collected exceeded any Federal or State water-quality standards. Groundwater samples were collected from six wells all completed in the unconfined sand and gravel aquifer. Concentrations of calcium and magnesium dominated the ionic composition of the groundwater in all wells sampled. Nitrate, orthophosphate, and trace metals were detected in all groundwater samples, but none were more than U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or New York State Department of Health regulatory limits.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145059","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tompkins County Department of Planning","usgsCitation":"Bugliosi, E.F., Miller, T.S., and Reynolds, R.J., 2014, Hydrogeology and water quality of the stratified-drift aquifer in the Pony Hollow Creek Valley, Tompkins County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5059, v, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145059.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044950","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289051,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145059.jpg"},{"id":289049,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5059/"},{"id":289050,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5059/pdf/sir2014-5059.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Tompkins County","otherGeospatial":"Pony Hollow Creek Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.666667,42.166667 ], [ -76.666667,42.666667 ], [ -76.25,42.666667 ], [ -76.25,42.166667 ], [ -76.666667,42.166667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe153e4b0dad35f8e8ca2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugliosi, Edward F. ebuglios@usgs.gov","contributorId":1083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"Edward","email":"ebuglios@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Todd S. tsmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Todd","email":"tsmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard J. 0000-0001-5032-6613 rjreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5032-6613","contributorId":1082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rjreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111040,"text":"pp1804 - 2014 - Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T13:40:11.599696","indexId":"pp1804","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1804","title":"Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States","docAbstract":"This assessment was conducted to fulfill the requirements of section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and to conduct a comprehensive national assessment of storage and flux (flow) of carbon and the fluxes of other greenhouse gases in ecosystems of the Eastern United States. These carbon and greenhouse gas variables were examined for major terrestrial ecosystems (forests, grasslands/shrublands, agricultural lands, and wetlands) and aquatic ecosystems (rivers, streams, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters) in the Eastern United States in two time periods: baseline (from 2001 through 2005) and future (projections from the end of the baseline through 2050). The Great Lakes were not included in this assessment due to a lack of input data. The assessment was based on measured and observed data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and many other agencies and organizations and used remote sensing, statistical methods, and simulation models.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1804","issn":"2330-7102","isbn":"978-1-4113-3794-7","usgsCitation":"2014, Baseline and projected future carbon storage and greenhouse-gas fluxes in ecosystems of the eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1804, vi, 204 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1804.","productDescription":"vi, 204 p.","numberOfPages":"214","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045915","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289038,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1804.jpg"},{"id":289036,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1804/"},{"id":289037,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1804/pdf/pp1804.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,25.0 ], [ -100.0,50.0 ], [ -65.0,50.0 ], [ -65.0,25.0 ], [ -100.0,25.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe14fe4b0dad35f8e8c9c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang zzhu@usgs.gov","contributorId":3636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","email":"zzhu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":509855,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509854,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70110626,"text":"ofr20141103 - 2014 - Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T11:49:46","indexId":"ofr20141103","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1103","title":"Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12","docAbstract":"Recently (2004) adopted legislation in Nebraska requires a sustainable balance between long-term supplies and uses of surface-water and groundwater and requires Natural Resources Districts to understand the effect of groundwater use on surface-water systems when developing a groundwater-management plan. The South Platte Natural Resources District (SPNRD) is located in the southern Nebraska Panhandle and overlies the nationally important High Plains aquifer. Declines in water levels have been documented, and more stringent regulations have been enacted to ensure the supply of ground-water will be sufficient to meet the needs of future generations. Because an improved understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics of this aquifer system is needed to ensure sustainability of groundwater withdrawals, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the SPNRD, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust, began a hydrogeologic study of the SPNRD to describe the lithology and thickness of the High Plains aquifer. This report documents these characteristics at 29 new test holes, 28 of which were drilled to the base of the High Plains aquifer.
\nHerein the High Plains aquifer is considered to include all hydrologically connected units of Tertiary and Quaternary age. The depth to the base of aquifer was interpreted to range from 37 to 610 feet in 28 of the 29 test holes. At some locations, particularly northern Kimball County, the base-of-aquifer surface was difficult to interpret from drill cutting samples and borehole geophysical logs. The depth to the base of aquifer determined for test holes drilled for this report was compared with the base-of-aquifer surface interpreted by previous researchers. In general, there were greater differences between the base-of-aquifer elevation reported herein and those in previous studies for areas north of Lodgepole Creek compared to areas south of Lodgepole Creek. The largest difference was at test hole 5-SP-11, where an Ogallala-filled paleovalley prevously had been interpreted based on relatively sparse test-hole data west of 5-SP-11. The base of aquifer near test hole 5-SP-11 reported herein is approximately 230 ft higher in elevation than previously interpreted. Among other test holes that are likely to have been drilled in Ogallala-filled paleovalleys, the greatest difference in the interpreted base of aquifer was for test hole 7-CC-11, northeast of Potter, Nebraska, where the base of aquifer is 180 feet deeper than previously interpreted.
\nInterpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data for 29 additional test holes will improve resource managers’ understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics, including aquifer thickness. Aquifer thickness, which is related to total water in storage, is not well quantified in the north and south tablelands. The additional hydrostratigraphic interpretations provided in this report will improve the hydrogeologic framework used in current (2014) and future groundwater models, which are the basis for many water-management decisions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Platte Natural Resources District, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., and Sibray, S.S., 2014, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1103, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141103.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054067","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/pdf/ofr2014-1103.pdf"},{"id":289045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141103.jpg"},{"id":289043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/"}],"scale":"750000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe154e4b0dad35f8e8ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibray, Steven S.","contributorId":88589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103478,"text":"fs20143045 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:31:08","indexId":"fs20143045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3045","title":"Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas","docAbstract":"The Edwards aquifer is the primary source of potable water for the San Antonio area in south-central Texas. The Knippa Gap area is a structural low (trough) postulated to channel or restrict flow in the Edwards aquifer in eastern Uvalde and western Medina Counties, Tex. To better understand the function of the Knippa Gap, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, developed the first detailed surficial geologic map of the Knippa Gap area with data and information obtained from previous investigations and field observations. A simplified version of the detailed geologic map depicting the hydrologic units, faulting, and structural dips of the Knippa Gap area is provided in this fact sheet. The map shows that groundwater flow in the Edwards aquifer is influenced by the Balcones Fault Zone, a structurally complex area of the aquifer that contains relay ramps that have formed in extensional fault systems and allowed for deformational changes along fault blocks. Faulting in southeast Uvalde and southwest Medina Counties has produced relay-ramp structures that dip downgradient to the structural low (trough) of the Knippa Gap.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Clark, A.K., Pedraza, D.E., and Morris, R., 2014, Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3045, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143045.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055858","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143045.jpg"},{"id":289039,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3045/"},{"id":289040,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3045/pdf/fs2014-3045.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County, Uvalde County","otherGeospatial":"Knippa Gap","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,29.0 ], [ -100.0,29.5 ], [ -98.25,29.5 ], [ -98.25,29.0 ], [ -100.0,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe153e4b0dad35f8e8ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedraza, Diana E. 0000-0003-4483-8094 dpedraza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-8094","contributorId":1281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedraza","given":"Diana","email":"dpedraza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70114226,"text":"ofr20141102 - 2014 - Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-24T15:09:23","indexId":"ofr20141102","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1102","title":"Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The Obed River watershed drains a 520-square-mile area of the Cumberland Plateau physiographic region in the Tennessee River basin. The watershed is underlain by conglomerate, sandstone, and shale of Pennsylvanian age, which overlie Mississippian-age limestone. The larger creeks and rivers of the Obed River system have eroded gorges through the conglomerate and sandstone into the deeper shale. The largest gorges are up to 400 feet deep and are protected by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act as part of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, which is managed by the National Park Service.
\nThe growing communities of Crossville and Crab Orchard, Tennessee, are located upstream of the gorge areas of the Obed River watershed. The cities used about 5.8 million gallons of water per day for drinking water in 2010 from Lake Holiday and Stone Lake in the Obed River watershed and Meadow Park Lake in the Caney Fork River watershed. The city of Crossville operates a wastewater treatment plant that releases an annual average of about 2.2 million gallons per day of treated effluent to the Obed River, representing as much as 10 to 40 percent of the monthly average streamflow of the Obed River near Lancing about 35 miles downstream, during summer and fall. During the past 50 years (1960–2010), several dozen tributary impoundments and more than 2,000 small farm ponds have been constructed in the Obed River watershed. Synoptic streamflow measurements indicate a tendency towards dampened high flows and slightly increased low flows as the percentage of basin area controlled by impoundments increases.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Wolfe, W., and Law, G.S., 2014, Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1102, v, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141102.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025047","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141102.jpg"},{"id":289026,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1102/"},{"id":289027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1102/pdf/ofr2014-1102.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Obed River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.158333,34.875 ], [ -85.158333,37.125 ], [ -84.625,37.125 ], [ -84.625,34.875 ], [ -85.158333,34.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fd2e4b065055fab1659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, George S. gslaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"George","email":"gslaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111229,"text":"ofr20141110 - 2014 - Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:46:12","indexId":"ofr20141110","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1110","title":"Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Albemarle Sound was selected in 2012 as one of the two demonstration sites in the Nation to test and improve the design of the National Water Quality Monitoring Council’s National Monitoring Network (NMN) for U.S. Coastal Waters and their tributaries. The goal of the NMN for U.S. coastal waters and tributaries is to provide information about the health of our oceans and coastal ecosystems and inland influences on coastal waters for improved resource management. The NMN is an integrated, multidisciplinary, and multiorganizational program using multiple sources of data and information to augment current monitoring programs.
\n\n
The purpose of this report is to identify major natural resource management issues for the region, provide information on current monitoring activities occurring within the Albemarle Sound study area, determine how the current monitoring network fits into the design of the NMN, and determine what additional monitoring data are needed to address these issues. In order to address these questions, a shapefile and data table were created to document monitoring and research programs in the Albemarle Sound study area with an emphasis on current monitoring programs within the region. This database was queried to determine monitoring gaps that existed in the Albemarle Sound by comparing current monitoring programs with the design indicated by the NMN. The report uses this information to provide recommendations on how monitoring could be improved in the Albemarle Sound study area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S, Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141110","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the Albemarle-Pamlico National Estuarine Program as part of the National Monitoring Network for U.S. Coastal Waters and their Tributaries","usgsCitation":"Moorman, M., Kolb, K.R., and Supak, S., 2014, Estuarine monitoring programs in the Albemarle Sound study area, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1110, Report: ix, 38 p.; AlbeMonTable2013; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141110.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 38 p.; AlbeMonTable2013; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"51","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055470","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141110.jpg"},{"id":289015,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/pdf/ofr2014-1110.pdf"},{"id":289016,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/table/ofr2014-1110_table2013-AlbeMon.xlsx"},{"id":289017,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/downloads"},{"id":289018,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1110/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Albemarle Sound","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0,34.75 ], [ -78.0,37.5 ], [ -75.0,37.5 ], [ -75.0,34.75 ], [ -78.0,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fcfe4b065055fab1655","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moorman, Michelle","contributorId":60329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moorman","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kolb, Katharine R. 0000-0002-1663-1662 kkolb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-1662","contributorId":16299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolb","given":"Katharine","email":"kkolb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Supak, Stacy","contributorId":9579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Supak","given":"Stacy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137462,"text":"70137462 - 2014 - How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-08T09:00:02","indexId":"70137462","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?","docAbstract":"The International Seismological Centre, in collaboration with the Global Earthquake Model effort, has released a new global earthquake catalog, covering the time period from 1900 through the end of 2009. In order to use this catalog for global earthquake studies, I determined the magnitude of completeness (Mc) as a function of time by dividing the earthquakes shallower than 60 km into 7 time periods based on major changes in catalog processing and data availability and applying 4 objective methods to determine Mc, with uncertainties determined by non-parametric bootstrapping. Deeper events were divided into 2 time periods. Due to differences between the 4 methods, the final Mc was determined subjectively by examining the features that each method focused on in both the cumulative and binned magnitude frequency distributions. The time periods and Mc values for shallow events are: 1900-1917, Mc=7.7; 1918-1939, Mc=7.0; 1940-1954, Mc=6.8; 1955-1963, Mc=6.5; 1964-1975, Mc=6.0; 1976-2003, Mc=5.8; and 2004-2009, Mc=5.7. Using these Mc values for the longest time periods they are valid for (e.g. 1918-2009, 1940-2009,…) the shallow data fits a Gutenberg-Richter distribution with b=1.05 and a=8.3, within 1 standard deviation, with no declustering. The exception is for time periods that include 1900-1917 in which there are only 33 events with M≥ Mc and for those few data b=2.15±0.46. That result calls for further investigations for this time period, ideally having a larger number of earthquakes. For deep events, the results are Mc=7.1 for 1900-1963, although the early data are problematic; and Mc=5.7 for 1964-2009. For that later time period, b=0.99 and a=7.3.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford, CA","doi":"10.1785/0120130227","usgsCitation":"Michael, A.J., 2014, How complete is the ISC-GEM Global Earthquake Catalog?: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 4, p. 1829-1837, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130227.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1829","endPage":"1837","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050956","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297061,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297059,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/content/104/4/1829.abstract"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc6e4b08de9379b34c8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70104184,"text":"sir20145082 - 2014 - Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T13:19:50","indexId":"sir20145082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5082","title":"Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13","docAbstract":"Streamflows, springs, and wetlands are important natural and cultural resources to the Caddo Nation. Consequently, the Caddo Nation is concerned about the vulnerability of the Rush Springs aquifer to overdrafting and whether the aquifer will continue to be a viable source of water to tribal members and other local residents in the future. Interest in the long-term viability of local water resources has resulted in ongoing development of a comprehensive water plan by the Caddo Nation. As part of a multiyear project with the Caddo Nation to provide information and tools to better manage and protect water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the hydraulic connection between the Rush Springs aquifer and springs and streams overlying the aquifer.
\nThe Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area is located in southwestern Oklahoma, primarily in Caddo County. Underlying the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area is the Permian-age Rush Springs aquifer. Water from the Rush Springs aquifer is used for irrigation, public, livestock and aquaculture, and other supply purposes. Groundwater from the Rush Springs aquifer also is withdrawn by domestic (self-supplied) wells, although domestic use was not included in the water-use summary in this report. Perennial streamflow in many streams and creeks overlying the Rush Springs aquifer, such as Cobb Creek, Lake Creek, and Willow Creek, originates from springs and seeps discharging from the aquifer.
\nThis report provides information on the evaluation of groundwater and surface-water resources in the Caddo Nation Jurisdictional Area, and in particular, information that describes the hydraulic connection between the Rush Springs aquifer and springs and streams overlying the aquifer. This report also includes data and analyses of base flow, evidence for groundwater and surface-water interactions, locations of springs and wetland areas, groundwater flows interpreted from potentiometric-surface maps, and hydrographs of water levels monitored in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area from 2010 to 2013.
\nFlow in streams overlying the Rush Springs aquifer, on average, were composed of 50 percent base flow in most years. Monthly mean base flow appeared to maintain streamflows throughout each year, but periods of zero flow were documented in daily hydrographs at each measured site, typically in the summer months.
\nA pneumatic slug-test technique was used at 15 sites to determine the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments in streams overlying the Rush Springs aquifer. Converting horizontal hydraulic conductivities (Kh) from the slug-test analyses to vertical hydraulic conductivities (Kv) by using a ratio of Kv/Kh = 0.1 resulted in estimates of vertical streambed hydraulic conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 8.6 feet per day. Data obtained from a hydraulic potentiomanometer in streambed sediments and streams in August 2012 indicate that water flow was from the streambed sediments to the stream (gaining) at 6 of 15 sites, and that water flow was from the stream to the streambed sediments (losing) at 9 of 15 sites.
\nThe groundwater and surface-water interaction data collected at the Cobb Creek near Eakly, Okla., streamflow gaging station (07325800), indicate that the bedrock groundwater, alluvial groundwater, and surface-water resources are closely connected. Because of this hydrologic connection, large perennial streams in the study area may change from gaining to losing streams in the summer. The timing and severity of this change from a gaining to a losing condition probably is affected by the local or regional withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation in the summer growing season. Wells placed closer to streams have a greater and more immediate effect on alluvial groundwater levels and stream stages than wells placed farther from streams. Large-capacity irrigation wells, even those completed hundreds of feet below land surface in the bedrock aquifer, can induce surface-water flow from nearby streams by lowering alluvial groundwater levels below the stream altitude.
\nTwenty-five new springs visible from public roads and paths were documented during a survey of springs in 2011. Most of the springs are in upland draws on the flanks of topographic ridges. Wetlands primarily were identified by using a combination of data sources including the National Wetlands Inventory, Soil Survey Geographic database frequently flooded soils maps, and aerial photographs.
\nRegional flow directions were determined by analysis of water levels measured in 29 wells completed in the Rush 2 Springs aquifer in Caddo County and the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area. Water levels were monitored every 30 minutes in five wells by using a vented pressure transducer and a data-collection platform with real-time transmitting equipment in each well. Those five wells ranged in depth from 210 to 350 feet. Water levels in these five wells indicate that there was a decrease in water storage in the Rush Springs aquifer from October 2010 to June 2013.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Caddo Nation, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Smith, S.J., 2014, Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5082, ix, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145082.","productDescription":"ix, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050683","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145082.jpg"},{"id":289004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5082/"},{"id":289006,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5082/pdf/sir2014-5082.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Caddo County","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.8,34.994 ], [ -98.8,35.7978 ], [ -97.8003,35.7978 ], [ -97.8003,34.994 ], [ -98.8,34.994 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e51e4b0f1f8e2fa864c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70105048,"text":"sir20145096 - 2014 - Contaminants of emerging concern in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota, 2009-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-11T10:29:46","indexId":"sir20145096","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T13:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5096","title":"Contaminants of emerging concern in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota, 2009-12","docAbstract":"A study of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota was completed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. For this study, water samples were collected from November 2009 through June 2012 from 118 wells located in different land-use settings. The sampled wells primarily were screened in vulnerable sand and gravel aquifers (surficial and buried glacial aquifers) or vulnerable bedrock aquifers such as the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. Sampled well depths ranged from 9 to 285 feet below land surface. Water samples were collected by Minnesota Pollution Control Agency staff. The water samples were analyzed at U.S. Geological Survey laboratories for steroidal hormones, human-use pharmaceutical compounds, human- and animal-use antibiotics, and a broad suite of organic chemicals associated with wastewater. Reported detections were censored and not counted as detections in the data analyses if the chemical was detected in a laboratory or field blank at a similar concentration.
\n\n
During this study, 38 out of 127 CECs analyzed were detected among all water samples collected. Three of the detected CECs, however, were analyzed using two different analytical methods, so 35 distinct chemicals were detected. The number of detections of CECs in individual water samples ranged from 0 to 10. The three wells in proximity to landfills had the most CEC detections. One or more CECs were detected in a total of 43 samples (35 percent); no CECs were detected in 80 samples.
\n\n
Of the 127 CECs included for analysis in this study, 28 have established enforceable or non-enforceable health-based water-quality standards or benchmarks. Fourteen of the 35 chemicals detected in this study have established water-quality standards, whereas 21 of the chemicals detected have no established standard or benchmark. All detections in this study were less than established health-based water-quality standards, although p-cresol was detected at a concentration nearing a health-based water quality standard. Four of the six most frequently detected chemicals—azithromycin, diphenhydramine, tributyl phosphate, and lincomycin—have no health-based water-quality standards or benchmarks.
\n\n
The antibiotic sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected CEC, detected in a total of 14 of 123 samples (11.4 percent) by one or both analytical methods that include sulfamethoxazole as an analyte. Most (11 of 14, or 79 percent) of the detections of sulfamethoxazole were in samples from domestic wells or monitoring wells located in areas where septic systems or potentially leaking centralized sewers are prevalent. The chemical N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) was detected at the highest concentration of any CEC, at 7.9 micrograms per liter. Bisphenol A was detected second most frequently of all chemicals. DEET and Bisphenol A were detected most frequently in wells in proximity to closed landfills. Samples from bedrock wells, most of which are drinking water wells that are deeper than glacial wells, had a higher percentage of wells with CEC detections compared to samples from wells completed in glacial aquifers. The higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and lower specific conductance for the bedrock wells sampled indicate shorter duration flow paths from the land surface to these wells than for wells completed in glacial aquifers.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145096","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","usgsCitation":"Erickson, M., Langer, S.K., Roth, J.L., and Kroening, S.E., 2014, Contaminants of emerging concern in ambient groundwater in urbanized areas of Minnesota, 2009-12 (Version 1: Originally posted June, 2014; Version. 1.2, September, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5096, Report: vii, 38 p.; Appendix, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145096.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 38 p.; Appendix","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-042339","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145096.jpg"},{"id":289003,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5096/"},{"id":298417,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5096/pdf/sir2014-5096.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":298418,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5096/downloads/appendix_tables.xls","text":"Appendix","size":"357 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix","linkHelpText":"Appendix tables 1–1 through 1–5"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.0,43.0 ], [ -98.0,49.5 ], [ -90.0,49.5 ], [ -90.0,43.0 ], [ -98.0,43.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1: Originally posted June, 2014; Version. 1.2, September, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e50e4b0f1f8e2fa864a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erickson, Melinda L. 0000-0002-1117-2866 merickso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1117-2866","contributorId":3671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erickson","given":"Melinda L.","email":"merickso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langer, Susan K. slanger@usgs.gov","contributorId":107824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"Susan","email":"slanger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roth, Jason L. 0000-0001-5440-2775 jroth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5440-2775","contributorId":4789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"Jason","email":"jroth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kroening, Sharon E.","contributorId":67868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kroening","given":"Sharon","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70160700,"text":"70160700 - 2014 - Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T10:24:31","indexId":"70160700","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior","docAbstract":"Sand Point is a small cuspate foreland located along the southeastern shore of Lake Superior within Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore near Munising, Michigan. Park managers’ concerns for the integrity of historic buildings at the northern periphery of the point during the rising lake levels in the mid-1980s greatly elevated the priority of research into the geomorphic history and age of Sand Point. To pursue this priority, we recovered sediment cores from four ponds on Sand Point, assessed subsurface stratigraphy onshore and offshore using geophysical techniques, and interpreted the chronology of events using radiocarbon and luminescence dating. Sand Point formed at the southwest edge of a subaqueous platform whose base is probably constructed of glacial diamicton and outwash. During the post-glacial Nipissing Transgression, the base was mantled with sand derived from erosion of adjacent sandstone cliffs. An aerial photograph time sequence, 1939–present, shows that the periphery of the platform has evolved considerably during historical time, infl uenced by transport of sediment into adjacent South Bay. Shallow seismic refl ections suggest slump blocks along the leading edge of the platform. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and shallow seismic refl ections to the northwest of the platform reveal large sand waves within a deep (12 m) channel produced by currents fl owing episodically to the northeast into Lake Superior. Ground-penetrating radar profi les show transport and deposition of sand across the upper surface of the platform. Basal radiocarbon dates from ponds between subaerial beach ridges range in age from 540 to 910 cal yr B.P., suggesting that Sand Point became emergent during the last ~1000 years, upon the separation of Lake Superior from Lakes Huron and Michigan. However, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages from the beach ridges were two to three times as old as the radiocarbon ages, implying that emergence of Sand Point may have begun earlier, ~2000 years ago. The age discrepancy appears to be the result of incomplete bleaching of the quartz grains and an exceptionally low paleodose rate for the OSL samples. Given the available data, the younger ages from the radiocarbon analyses are preferred, but further work is necessary to test the two age models.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.2508(06)","usgsCitation":"Fisher, T.G., Krantz, D.E., Castaneda, M.R., Loope, W.L., Jol, H.M., Goble, R.J., Higley, M.C., DeWald, S., and Hansen, P., 2014, Coastal geology and recent origins for Sand Point, Lake Superior: GSA Special Papers, v. 508, p. 85-110, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.2508(06).","productDescription":"26 p. ","startPage":"85","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-051106","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/418","text":"External Repository"},{"id":328270,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior, Sand Point","volume":"508","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b1e4b04836416a0d38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Timothy G.","contributorId":45659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krantz, David E.","contributorId":9238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krantz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castaneda, Mario R.","contributorId":150904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Castaneda","given":"Mario","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":18136,"text":"National University of Honduras","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Loope, Walter L. wloope@usgs.gov","contributorId":4616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Walter","email":"wloope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jol, Harry M.","contributorId":78259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jol","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Goble, Ronald J.","contributorId":61319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goble","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Higley, Melinda C.","contributorId":150905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higley","given":"Melinda","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13111,"text":"Illinois State Geological Survey, University of Illinois","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"DeWald, Samantha","contributorId":150906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DeWald","given":"Samantha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Hansen, Paul","contributorId":150907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hansen","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16610,"text":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70114068,"text":"70114068 - 2014 - Spatially explicit habitat models for 28 fishes from the Upper Mississippi River System (AHAG 2.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T13:03:13","indexId":"70114068","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-20T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":44,"text":"Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2014-T002","title":"Spatially explicit habitat models for 28 fishes from the Upper Mississippi River System (AHAG 2.0)","docAbstract":"Environmental management actions in the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS) typically require pre-project assessments of predicted benefits under a range of project scenarios. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) now requires certified and peer-reviewed models to conduct these assessments. Previously, habitat benefits were estimated for fish communities in the UMRS using the Aquatic Habitat Appraisal Guide (AHAG v.1.0; AHAG from hereon). This spreadsheet-based model used a habitat suitability index (HSI) approach that drew heavily upon Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). The HSI approach requires developing species response curves for different environmental variables that seek to broadly represent habitat. The AHAG model uses species-specific response curves assembled from literature values, data from other ecosystems, or best professional judgment.
\nA recent scientific review of the AHAG indicated that the model’s effectiveness is reduced by its dated approach to large river ecosystems, uncertainty regarding its data inputs and rationale for habitat-species response relationships, and lack of field validation (Abt Associates Inc., 2011). The reviewers made two major recommendations: (1) incorporate empirical data from the UMRS into defining the empirical response curves, and (2) conduct post-project biological evaluations to test pre-project benefits estimated by AHAG.
\nOur objective was to address the first recommendation and generate updated response curves for AHAG using data from the Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program (UMRR-EMP) Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) element. Fish community data have been collected by LTRMP (Gutreuter and others, 1995; Ratcliff and others, in press) for 20 years from 6 study reaches representing 1,930 kilometers of river and >140 species of fish. We modeled a subset of these data (28 different species; occurrences at sampling sites as observed in day electrofishing samples) using multiple logistic regression with presence/absence responses. Each species’ probability of occurrence, at each sample site, was modeled as a function of 17 environmental variables observed at each sample site by LTRMP standardized protocols. The modeling methods used (1) a forward-selection process to identify the most important predictors and their relative contributions to predictions; (2) partial methods on the predictor set to control variance inflation; and (3) diagnostics for LTRMP design elements that may influence model fits.
\nModels were fit for 28 species, representing 3 habitat guilds (Lentic, Lotic, and Generalist). We intended to develop “systemic models” using data from all six LTRMP study reaches simultaneously; however, this proved impossible. Thus, we “regionalized” the models, creating two models for each species: “Upper Reach” models, using data from Pools 4, 8, and 13; and “Lower Reach” models, using data from Pool 26, the Open River Reach of the Mississippi River, and the La Grange reach of the Illinois River. A total of 56 models were attempted. For any given site-scale prediction, each model used data from the three LTRMP study reaches comprising the regional model to make predictions. For example, a site-scale prediction in Pool 8 was made using data from Pools 4, 8, and 13. This is the fundamental nature and trade-off of regionalizing these models for broad management application.
\nModel fits were deemed “certifiably good” using the Hosmer and Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit statistic (Hosmer and Lemeshow, 2000). This test post-partitions model predictions into 10 groups and conducts inferential tests on correspondences between observed and expected probability of occurrence across all partitions, under Chi-square distributional assumptions. This permits an inferential test of how well the models fit and a tool for reporting when they did not (and perhaps why). Our goal was to develop regionalized models, and to assess and describe circumstances when a good fit was not possible.
\nSeven fish species composed the Lentic guild. Good fits were achieved for six Upper Reach models. In the Lower Reach, no model produced good fits for the Lentic guild. This was due to (1) lentic species being much less prominent in the Lower Reach study areas, and (2) those that do express greater prominence principally do so only in the La Grange reach of the Illinois River. Thus, developing Lower Reach models for Lentic species will require parsing La Grange from the other two Lower Reach study areas and fitting separate models. We did not do that as part of this study, but it could be done at a later time.
\nNine species comprised the Lotic guild. Good fits were achieved for seven Upper Reach models and six Lower Reach models. Four species had good fits for both regions (flathead catfish, blue sucker, sauger, and shorthead redhorse). Three species showed zoogeographic zonation, with a good model fit in one of the regions, but not in the region in which they were absent or rarely occurred (blue catfish, rock bass, and skipjack herring).
\nTwelve species comprised the Generalist guild. Good fits were achieved for five Upper Reach models and eight Lower Reach models. Six species had good fits for both regions (brook silverside, emerald shiner, freshwater drum, logperch, longnose gar, and white bass). Two species showed zoogeographic zonation, with a good model fit in one of the regions, but not in the region in which they were absent or rarely occurred (red shiner and blackstripe topminnow).
\nPoorly fit models were almost always due to the diagnostic variable “field station,” a surrogate for river mile. In these circumstances, the residuals for “field station” were non-randomly distributed and often strongly ordered. This indicates either fitting “pool scale” models for these species and regions, or explicitly model covariances between “field station” and the other predictors within the existing modeling framework. Further efforts on these models should seek to resolve these issues using one of these two approaches.
\nIn total, nine species, representing two of the three guilds (Lotic and Generalist), produced well-fit models for both regions. These nine species should comprise the basis for AHAG 2.0. Additional work, likely requiring downscaling of the regional models to pool-scale models, will be needed to incorporate additional species. Alternately, a regionalized AHAG could be comprised of those species, per region, that achieved well-fit models. The number of species and the composition of the regional species pools will differ among regions as a consequence. Each of these alternatives has both pros and cons, and managers are encouraged to consider them fully before further advancing this approach to modeling multi-species habitat suitability.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","collaboration":"A product of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program, an element of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Upper Mississippi River Restoration-Environmental Management Program","usgsCitation":"Ickes, B.S., Sauer, J., Richards, N., Bowler, M., and Schlifer, B., 2014, Spatially explicit habitat models for 28 fishes from the Upper Mississippi River System (AHAG 2.0) (First posted online June 20, 2014; Revised and reposted July 21, 2014, version 1.1): Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Technical Report 2014-T002, vi, 89 p.","productDescription":"vi, 89 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050554","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290578,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70114068.jpg"},{"id":289011,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-t002/"},{"id":290577,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mis/ltrmp2014-t002/pdf/ltrmp2014-t002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River System","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.24,36.0 ], [ -97.24,49.38 ], [ -86.76,49.38 ], [ -86.76,36.0 ], [ -97.24,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted online June 20, 2014; Revised and reposted July 21, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7399e4b0b290851090ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ickes, Brian S.","contributorId":6812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ickes","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.S.","contributorId":106455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richards, N.","contributorId":83844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowler, M.","contributorId":92177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowler","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schlifer, B.","contributorId":103588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlifer","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112750,"text":"ofr20141122 - 2014 - Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-20T12:01:36","indexId":"ofr20141122","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-20T11:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1122","title":"Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014","docAbstract":"Summer steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) produced by a hatchery on the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, support a popular sport fishery during June–September each year. Many of these fish return to the Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery and are held until they are spawned in December. In the past, fishery managers have released some of the steelhead that return to the hatchery at downstream release sites (hereafter referred to as “recycled steelhead”) to increase angling opportunity. The recycling of summer steelhead is a potential use of hatchery fish that can benefit anglers in the lower Cowlitz River, provided these fish are harvested or return to the hatchery. However, recycled steelhead that are not removed from the river could compete against or spawn with wild winter steelhead, which would be a negative consequence of recycling. The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) conducted an evaluation during 1998 and recycled 632 summer steelhead. They determined that 55 percent of the recycled steelhead returned to the hatchery and 15 percent of the fish were harvested by anglers. The remaining 30 percent of recycled fish were not known to have been removed from the river. Recycling has not occurred in recent years because definitive studies have not been conducted to determine the fate of the fish that remain in the lower Cowlitz River after being recycled.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey and WDFW conducted a 2-year study during 2012–2014 to quantify recycled steelhead that (1) returned to the hatchery, (2) were captured by anglers, or (3) remained in the river. All recycled steelhead were marked with a Floy® tag and opercle punch, and 20 percent of the recycled fish were radio-tagged to determine post-release behavior and movement patterns, and to describe locations of tagged fish that remained in the river during the spawning period. During 2012–2013, we recycled 549 steelhead and determined that 50 percent of the fish returned to the hatchery, 18 percent of the fish were harvested by anglers, and 32 percent of the fish were not known to have been removed from the river. During October–December 2012, only 9 percent of the radio-tagged steelhead remained in the lower Cowlitz River and none of these fish entered tributaries monitored by fixed-telemetry sites.
\nThe second year of the evaluation was conducted during 2013–2014. A total of 502 steelhead were recycled during June–August and releases were conducted weekly with group sizes that ranged from 30 to 76 fish. Results from 2013–2014 were similar to results from 2012–2013. Fifty percent (251 fish) of the recycled steelhead returned to the hatchery, 20 percent (100 fish) were harvested by anglers, and 30 percent (151 fish) were unaccounted for. The median elapsed time from release to hatchery return was 13 days, and the median elapsed time from release to capture by an angler was 11 days. The percentage of unaccounted-for steelhead in the general population was moderately high (30 percent), but detection records of radio-tagged fish suggest that few recycled steelhead were present in the lower Cowlitz River during the spawning period.
\nA total of 109 steelhead were radio-tagged during 2013–2014, and most of these fish (88 percent) moved upstream following release and entered the Trout Hatchery–Salmon Hatchery reach (river miles 44–51). The median elapsed time from release to reach entry was 4.6 days (range of 0.5–65.5 days). After fish entered this reach, they spent a considerable amount of time near the Cowlitz Trout Hatchery (median residence time of 16.7 hours) or Cowlitz Salmon Hatchery (median residence time of 146.3 hours), or they moved back and forth between these two sites. Thirty radio-tagged steelhead made at least two trips between the sites and some fish made as many as seven trips. Detection records showed that 61 percent (66 fish) of the radio-tagged fish returned to the hatchery reach and 21 percent (23 fish) of the fish were captured by anglers. The remaining 18 percent (20 fish) of the radio-tagged fish had various fates. One fish (less than 1 percent) left the Cowlitz River and nine fish (8 percent) died, were harvested, or spit their transmitter near boat launches in the river. The remaining 10 fish (9 percent) had the potential to interact with winter steelhead. Four tagged steelhead (4 percent) entered lower Cowlitz River tributaries (two fish in the Toutle River; two fish in Salmon Creek) during October and November, and five tagged fish (5 percent) were last detected in the lower Cowlitz River in October. One fish (less than 1 percent) was never detected after being released.
\nWe measured the diameter of opercle punches in recycled steelhead to determine the temporal effectiveness of these marks. A total of 116 opercle punches were measured—36 were measured at the time of tagging and 80 were measured when fish returned to the hatchery. Opercle punches remained open for less than 1 month. None of the fish that returned to the hatchery more than 30 days after release had opercle punches that were open. All recycled steelhead were marked with a Floy® tag and opercle punch. However, if a steelhead lost its Floy® tag and was captured by an angler, or returned to the hatchery more than 30 days after being recycled, it likely would not have been accurately identified as having been recycled because of regrowth of the opercle punch.
\nDuring 2013–2014, at least 70 percent of the recycled steelhead were removed from the lower Cowlitz River by anglers, returned to the hatchery, or left the river. Radiotelemetry data indicated that a maximum of 9 percent of the radio-tagged fish remained in the lower Cowlitz River during the spawning period and only 4 percent of the radio-tagged fish entered tributaries where wild steelhead are known to spawn. These results are consistent with findings from previous studies. Overall, results from these studies suggest that about one-third of the recycled steelhead were not known to have been removed from the river. However, the radiotelemetry data indicated that only about 10 percent of the recycled steelhead were present in the lower Cowlitz River during late autumn and early winter, and few of those fish (0 in 2012–2013 and 4 in 2013–2014) entered tributaries where winter steelhead spawn. These results have management implications in the lower Cowlitz River where the risks and rewards of steelhead recycling will be weighed to determine the future of the recycling program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141122","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Ekstrom, B.K., Gleizes, C., and Dammers, W., 2014, Evaluation of the behavior and movement of adult summer steelhead in the lower Cowlitz River, Washington, following collection and release, 2013-2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1122, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141122.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056741","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141122.jpg"},{"id":288974,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1122/"},{"id":288975,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1122/pdf/ofr2014-1122.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washinton","otherGeospatial":"Lower Cowlitz River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0997,46.0492 ], [ -123.0997,46.6486 ], [ -122.3416,46.6486 ], [ -122.3416,46.0492 ], [ -123.0997,46.0492 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae76ade4b0abf75cf2bfe3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gleizes, Chris","contributorId":37233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gleizes","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dammers, Wolf","contributorId":79385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dammers","given":"Wolf","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}