{"pageNumber":"519","pageRowStart":"12950","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69039,"records":[{"id":70155258,"text":"70155258 - 2015 - A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T15:07:01.784075","indexId":"70155258","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Drought and flood management practices require accurate estimates of precipitation. Gauge observations, however, are often sparse in regions with complicated terrain, clustered in valleys, and of poor quality. Consequently, the spatial extent of wet events is poorly represented. Satellite-derived precipitation data are an attractive alternative, though they tend to underestimate the magnitude of wet events due to their dependency on retrieval algorithms and the indirect relationship between satellite infrared observations and precipitation intensities. Here we offer a Bayesian kriging approach for blending precipitation gauge data and the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation satellite-derived precipitation estimates for Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. First, the gauge observations are modeled as a linear function of satellite-derived estimates and any number of other variables&mdash;for this research we include elevation. Prior distributions are defined for all model parameters and the posterior distributions are obtained simultaneously via Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. The posterior distributions of these parameters are required for spatial estimation, and thus are obtained prior to implementing the spatial kriging model. This functional framework is applied to model parameters obtained by sampling from the posterior distributions, and the residuals of the linear model are subject to a spatial kriging model. Consequently, the posterior distributions and uncertainties of the blended precipitation estimates are obtained. We demonstrate this method by applying it to pentadal and monthly total precipitation fields during 2009. The model's performance and its inherent ability to capture wet events are investigated. We show that this blending method significantly improves upon the satellite-derived estimates and is also competitive in its ability to represent wet events. This procedure also provides a means to estimate a full conditional distribution of the &ldquo;true&rdquo; observed precipitation value at each grid cell.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015963","usgsCitation":"Verdin, A.P., Rajagopalan, B., Kleiber, W., and Funk, C.C., 2015, A Bayesian kriging approach for blending satellite and ground precipitation observations: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 2, p. 908-921, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015963.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"908","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059780","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472294,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015963","text":"Publisher Index 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Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kleiber, William","contributorId":145814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kleiber","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148672,"text":"70148672 - 2015 - Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-19T10:52:23","indexId":"70148672","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach","docAbstract":"<p>The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), particularly estrogenic compounds, in the environment has drawn public attention across the globe, yet a clear understanding of the extent and distribution of estrogenic EDCs in surface waters and their relationship to potential sources is lacking. The objective of the present study was to identify and examine the potential input of estrogenic EDC sources in North Carolina water bodies using a geographic information system (GIS) mapping and analysis approach. Existing data from state and federal agencies were used to create point and nonpoint source maps depicting the cumulative contribution of potential sources of estrogenic EDCs to North Carolina surface waters. Water was collected from 33 sites (12 associated with potential point sources, 12 associated with potential nonpoint sources, and 9 reference), to validate the predictive results of the GIS analysis. Estrogenicity (measured as 17&beta;-estradiol equivalence) ranged from 0.06 ng/L to 56.9 ng/L. However, the majority of sites (88%) had water 17&beta;-estradiol concentrations below 1 ng/L. Sites associated with point and nonpoint sources had significantly higher 17&beta;-estradiol levels than reference sites. The results suggested that water 17&beta;-estradiol was reflective of GIS predictions, confirming the relevance of landscape-level influences on water quality and validating the GIS approach to characterize such relationships.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1002/etc.2797","collaboration":"North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC); North Carolina State University; US Geological Survey; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Wildlife Management Institute","usgsCitation":"Sackett, D.K., Pow, C.L., Rubino, M.J., Aday, D., Cope, W., Kullman, S.W., Rice, J., Kwak, T.J., and Law, L.M., 2015, Sources of endocrine-disrupting compounds in North Carolina waterways: a geographic information systems approach: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 34, no. 2, p. 437-445, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.2797.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"437","endPage":"445","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055607","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55853d5be4b023124e8f5b47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sackett, Dana K.","contributorId":141232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sackett","given":"Dana","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pow, Crystal Lee","contributorId":141233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pow","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubino, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0651-3053","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0651-3053","contributorId":141234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rubino","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":39327,"text":"North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State Univ.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":549010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aday, D.D.","contributorId":75356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aday","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cope, W. Gregory","contributorId":70353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cope","given":"W. Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kullman, Seth W.","contributorId":62516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kullman","given":"Seth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rice, J. A.","contributorId":101217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Law, LeRoy M.","contributorId":104603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":549016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70155262,"text":"70155262 - 2015 - The forcing of southwestern Asia teleconnections by low-frequency sea surface temperature variability during boreal winter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T10:06:49","indexId":"70155262","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The forcing of southwestern Asia teleconnections by low-frequency sea surface temperature variability during boreal winter","docAbstract":"<p><span>Southwestern Asia, defined here as the domain bounded by 20&deg;&ndash;40&deg;N and 40&deg;&ndash;70&deg;E, which includes the nations of Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, is a water-stressed and semiarid region that receives roughly 75% of its annual rainfall during November&ndash;April. The November&ndash;April climate of southwestern Asia is strongly influenced by tropical Indo-Pacific variability on intraseasonal and interannual time scales, much of which can be attributed to sea surface temperature (SST) variations. The influences of lower-frequency SST variability on southwestern Asia climate during November&ndash;April Pacific decadal SST (PDSST) variability and the long-term trend in SST (LTSST) is examined. The U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Program (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group forced global atmospheric climate models with PDSST and LTSST patterns, identified using empirical orthogonal functions, to show the steady atmospheric response to these modes of decadal to multidecadal SST variability. During November&ndash;April, LTSST forces an anticyclone over southwestern Asia, which results in reduced precipitation and increases in surface temperature. The precipitation and tropospheric circulation influences of LTSST are corroborated by independent observed precipitation and circulation datasets during 1901&ndash;2004. The decadal variations of southwestern Asia precipitation may be forced by PDSST variability, with two of the three models indicating that the cold phase of PDSST forces an anticyclone and precipitation reductions. However, there are intermodel circulation variations to PDSST that influence subregional precipitation patterns over the Middle East, southwestern Asia, and subtropical Asia. Changes in wintertime temperature and precipitation over southwestern Asia forced by LTSST and PDSST imply important changes to the land surface hydrology during the spring and summer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA","doi":"10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00344.1","usgsCitation":"Hoell, A., Funk, C.C., and Barlow, M., 2015, The forcing of southwestern Asia teleconnections by low-frequency sea surface temperature variability during boreal winter: Journal of Climate, v. 28, no. 4, p. 1511-1526, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00344.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1526","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058649","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00344.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":306490,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ef86e4b0bc0bec09f1a6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoell, Andrew","contributorId":145805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoell","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":16236,"text":"UCSB Climate Hazards Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Funk, Christopher C. 0000-0002-9254-6718 cfunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9254-6718","contributorId":721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Funk","given":"Christopher","email":"cfunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":565417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Mathew","contributorId":145832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barlow","given":"Mathew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16249,"text":"UMASS Lowel","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":565419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70164451,"text":"70164451 - 2015 - Seasonal patterns in stream periphyton fatty acids and community benthic algal composition in six high quality headwater streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-21T14:54:16","indexId":"70164451","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal patterns in stream periphyton fatty acids and community benthic algal composition in six high quality headwater streams","docAbstract":"<p>Fatty acids are integral components of periphyton and differ among algal taxa. We examined seasonal patterns in periphyton fatty acids in six minimally disturbed headwater streams in Pennsylvania&rsquo;s Appalachian Mountains, USA. Environmental data and periphyton were collected across four seasons for fatty acid and algal taxa content. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination suggested significant seasonal differences in fatty acids; an ordination on algal composition revealed similar seasonal patterns, but with slightly weaker separation of summer and fall. Summer and fall fatty acid profiles were driven by temperature, overstory cover, and conductivity and winter profiles by measures of stream size. Ordination on algal composition suggested that summer and fall communities were driven by overstory and temperature, whereas winter communities were driven by velocity. The physiologically important fatty acid 18:3&omega;6 was highest in summer and fall. Winter samples had the highest 20:3&omega;3. Six saturated fatty acids differed among the seasons. Periphyton fatty acids profiles appeared to reflect benthic algal species composition. This suggests that periphyton fatty acid composition can be useful in characterizing basal food resources and stream water quality.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10750-014-2054-7","usgsCitation":"Honeyfield, D.C., and Maloney, K.O., 2015, Seasonal patterns in stream periphyton fatty acids and community benthic algal composition in six high quality headwater streams: Hydrobiologia, v. 744, no. 1, p. 35-47, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2054-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051650","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit 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kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156795,"text":"70156795 - 2015 - An early to mid-Pleistocene deep Arctic Ocean ostracode fauna with North Atlantic affinities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-08T12:49:20","indexId":"70156795","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An early to mid-Pleistocene deep Arctic Ocean ostracode fauna with North Atlantic affinities","docAbstract":"<p><span>An early to middle Pleistocene ostracode fauna was discovered in sediment core P1-93-AR-23 (P23, 76.95&deg;N, 155.07&deg;W) from 951&nbsp;meter water depth from the Northwind Ridge, western Arctic Ocean. Piston core P23 yielded more than 30,000 specimens and a total of about 30 species. Several early to mid-Pleistocene species in the genera&nbsp;</span><i>Krithe</i><span>,</span><i>Echinocythereis</i><span>,&nbsp;</span><i>Pterygocythereis</i><span>, and&nbsp;</span><i>Arcacythere</i><span>&nbsp;are now extinct in the Arctic and show taxonomic affinities to North Atlantic Ocean species. Our results suggest that there was a major ostracode faunal turnover during the global climate transitions known as the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT, ~&nbsp;1.2 to 0.7&nbsp;Ma) and the Mid-Brunhes Event (MBE, ~&nbsp;400&nbsp;ka) reflecting the development of perennial sea ice during interglacial periods and large ice shelves during glacial periods over the last 400,000&nbsp;years.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.026","usgsCitation":"DeNinno, L.H., Cronin, T.M., Rodriquez-Lazaro, J., and Brenner, A.R., 2015, An early to mid-Pleistocene deep Arctic Ocean ostracode fauna with North Atlantic affinities: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 419, p. 90-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.026.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057946","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307825,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"419","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81daae4b0dacf699e6650","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.026","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.07.026","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"DeNinno L.H., Cronin T.M., Rodriguez-Lazaro J., Brenner A.","journalName":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","publicationDate":"2/2015","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeNinno, Lauren H. ldeninno@usgs.gov","contributorId":5312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeNinno","given":"Lauren","email":"ldeninno@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cronin, Thomas M. 0000-0002-2643-0979 tcronin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":2579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"Thomas","email":"tcronin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rodriquez-Lazaro, J.","contributorId":147163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriquez-Lazaro","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16801,"text":"Universidad Pais Vasco","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brenner, Alec R. abrenner@usgs.gov","contributorId":5315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Alec","email":"abrenner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70141757,"text":"70141757 - 2015 - Influence of hardness on the bioavailability of silver to a freshwater snail after waterborne exposure to silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:26:28","indexId":"70141757","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2809,"text":"Nanotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of hardness on the bioavailability of silver to a freshwater snail after waterborne exposure to silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles","docAbstract":"<p>The release of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the aquatic environment is likely, but the influence of water chemistry on their impacts and fate remains unclear. Here, we characterize the bioavailability of Ag from AgNO<sub>3</sub> and from AgNPs capped with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP AgNP) and thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG AgNP) in the freshwater snail, <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>, after short waterborne exposures. Results showed that water hardness, AgNP capping agents, and metal speciation affected the uptake rate of Ag from AgNPs. Comparison of the results from organisms of similar weight showed that water hardness affected the uptake of Ag from AgNPs, but not that from AgNO<sub>3</sub>. Transformation (dissolution and aggregation) of the AgNPs was also influenced by water hardness and the capping agent. Bioavailability of Ag from AgNPs was, in turn, correlated to these physical changes. Water hardness increased the aggregation of AgNPs, especially for PEG AgNPs, reducing the bioavailability of Ag from PEG AgNPs to a greater degree than from PVP AgNPs. Higher dissolved Ag concentrations were measured for the PVP AgNPs (15%) compared to PEG AgNPs (3%) in moderately hard water, enhancing Ag bioavailability of the former. Multiple drivers of bioavailability yielded differences in Ag influx between very hard and deionized water where the uptake rate constants (<i>k</i><sub>uw</sub>, l g<sup>-1</sup> d<sup>-1</sup> &plusmn; SE) varied from 3.1&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.7 to 0.2&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.01 for PEG AgNPs and from 2.3&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.02 to 1.3&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;0.01 for PVP AgNPs. Modeling bioavailability of Ag from NPs revealed that Ag influx into&nbsp;<i>L. stagnalis</i><span>&nbsp;comprised uptake from the NPs themselves and from newly dissolved Ag.</span><span><br /></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Informa Healthcare","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.3109/17435390.2014.991772","usgsCitation":"Stoiber, T., Croteau, M.N., Romer, I., Tejamaya, M., Lead, J.R., and Luoma, S.N., 2015, Influence of hardness on the bioavailability of silver to a freshwater snail after waterborne exposure to silver nitrate and silver nanoparticles: Nanotoxicology, v. 9, no. 7, p. 918-927, https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2014.991772.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"918","endPage":"927","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055265","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"text":"External Repository"},{"id":298123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54edaebee4b02d776a6849ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoiber, Tasha L.","contributorId":91402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stoiber","given":"Tasha L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Croteau, Marie Noele 0000-0003-0346-3580 mcroteau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-3580","contributorId":895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Croteau","given":"Marie","email":"mcroteau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Noele","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Romer, Isabella","contributorId":139390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Romer","given":"Isabella","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7157,"text":"University of Birmingham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tejamaya, Mila","contributorId":93375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tejamaya","given":"Mila","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lead, Jamie R.","contributorId":41331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lead","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":541046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70141763,"text":"70141763 - 2015 - Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T09:32:27","indexId":"70141763","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1324,"text":"Conservation Genetics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California","docAbstract":"<p>Much remains to be understood about the evolutionary history and contemporary landscape genetics of unarmored threespine stickleback in southern California, where populations collectively referred to as <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni</i> have severely declined over the past 70+ years and are now endangered. We used mitochondrial sequence and microsatellite data to assess the population genetics and phylogeography of unarmored populations sampled immediately downstream from the type locality of <i>G. a. williamsoni</i> in the upper Santa Clara River, and assessed their distinctiveness with respect to low-armor populations in the downstream sections of the river and the adjacent Ventura River. We also characterized the geographic limits of different plate morphs and evaluated the congruence of those boundaries with barriers to dispersal in both river systems and to neutral genetic variation. We show substantial population structuring within the upper reach of the Santa Clara River, but little partitioning between the lower Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers&mdash;we attribute these patterns to different ancestry between spatially subdivided populations within the same drainage, a predominance of downstream gene flow, and ability for coastal dispersal between the Santa Clara and Ventura Rivers. We also show that alleles from introduced low-plate stock have infiltrated a native population in at least one upper Santa Clara River tributary, causing this formerly unarmored population to become gradually low-plated over a 30 + year time period. Measures of genetic diversity, census surveys, and severe habitat disturbance all indicate that unarmored stickleback near the type locality are currently at high risk of extinction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10592-014-0643-7","usgsCitation":"Richmond, J.Q., Jacobs, D.K., Backlin, A.R., Swift, C.C., Dellith, C., and Fisher, R.N., 2015, Ephemeral stream reaches preserve the evolutionary and distributional history of threespine stickleback in the Santa Clara and Ventura River watersheds of southern California: Conservation Genetics, v. 16, no. 1, p. 85-101, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0643-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058303","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298096,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Clara","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              37.21392518793643\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              37.41107339721063\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85142517089844,\n              37.41107339721063\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.85142517089844,\n              37.21392518793643\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.02308654785156,\n              37.21392518793643\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"16","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d41e4b02d776a67daa7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Jonathan Q. 0000-0001-9398-4894 jrichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-4894","contributorId":5400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Jonathan","email":"jrichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobs, David K.","contributorId":139394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacobs","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Backlin, Adam R. 0000-0001-5618-8426 abacklin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5618-8426","contributorId":3802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Backlin","given":"Adam","email":"abacklin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swift, Camm C.","contributorId":139395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swift","given":"Camm","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12725,"text":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dellith, Chris","contributorId":139396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dellith","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70189346,"text":"70189346 - 2015 - Inter-annual and spatial variability of Hamon potential evapotranspiration model coefficients","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-11T16:16:33","indexId":"70189346","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Inter-annual and spatial variability of Hamon potential evapotranspiration model coefficients","docAbstract":"<p><span>Monthly calibrated values of the Hamon PET coefficient (</span><i>C</i><span>) are determined for 109,951 hydrologic response units (HRUs) across the conterminous United States (U.S.). The calibrated coefficient values are determined by matching calculated mean monthly Hamon PET to mean monthly free-water surface evaporation. For most locations and months the calibrated coefficients are larger than the standard value reported by Hamon. The largest changes in the coefficients were for the late winter/early spring and fall months, whereas the smallest changes were for the summer months. Comparisons of PET computed using the standard value of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and computed using calibrated values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>C</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>indicate that for most of the conterminous U.S. PET is underestimated using the standard Hamon PET coefficient, except for the southeastern U.S.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.006","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Hay, L.E., Bock, A., Markstrom, S., and Atkinson, R., 2015, Inter-annual and spatial variability of Hamon potential evapotranspiration model coefficients: Journal of Hydrology, v. 521, p. 389-394, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.12.006.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"389","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-058189","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"521","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965b4b0e4b0d1f9f05b382f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bock, Andy 0000-0001-7222-6613 abock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-6613","contributorId":174776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bock","given":"Andy","email":"abock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":704310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Atkinson, R. Dwight","contributorId":174777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Atkinson","given":"R. Dwight","affiliations":[{"id":27513,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":704311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70141293,"text":"70141293 - 2015 - Differences between main-channel and off-channel food webs in the upper Mississippi River revealed by fatty acid profiles of consumers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-18T12:54:53.344972","indexId":"70141293","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1999,"text":"Inland Waters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differences between main-channel and off-channel food webs in the upper Mississippi River revealed by fatty acid profiles of consumers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Large river systems are often thought to contain a mosaic of patches with different habitat characteristics driven by differences in flow and mixing environments. Off-channel habitats (e.g., backwater areas, secondary channels) can become semi-isolated from main-channel water inputs, leading to the development of distinct biogeochemical environments. Observations of adult bluegill (</span><i>Lepomis macrochirus</i><span>) in the main channel of the Mississippi River led to speculation that the main channel offered superior food resources relative to off-channel areas. One important aspect of food quality is the quantity and composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We sampled consumers from main-channel and backwater habitats to determine whether they differed in PUFA content. Main-channel individuals for relatively immobile species (young-of-year bluegill, zebra mussels [</span><i>Dreissena polymorpha</i><span>], and plain pocketbook mussels [</span><i>Lampsilis cardium</i><span>]) had significantly greater PUFA content than off-channel individuals. No difference in PUFA was observed for the more mobile gizzard shad (</span><i>Dorsoma cepedianum</i><span>), which may move between main-channel and off-channel habitats even at early life-history stages. As off-channel habitats become isolated from main-channel waters, flow and water column nitrogen decrease, potentially improving conditions for nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and vascular plants that, in turn, have low PUFA content. We conclude that main-channel food webs of the upper Mississippi River provide higher quality food resources for some riverine consumers as compared to food webs in off-channel habitats.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Freshwater Biological Association","doi":"10.5268/IW-5.2.781","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., Bartsch, M., Gutreuter, S., Knights, B.C., Bartsch, L., Richardson, W.B., Vallazza, J.M., and Arts, M.T., 2015, Differences between main-channel and off-channel food webs in the upper Mississippi River revealed by fatty acid profiles of consumers: Inland Waters, v. 5, no. 2, p. 101-106, https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-5.2.781.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"106","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058306","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.4117431640625,\n              43.61917644272345\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4117431640625,\n              43.95921358836687\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.17965698242188,\n              43.95921358836687\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.17965698242188,\n              43.61917644272345\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.4117431640625,\n              43.61917644272345\n            ]\n          ]\n        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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gutreuter, Steve","contributorId":139279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6733,"text":"former UMESC employee, USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knights, Brent C. 0000-0001-8526-8468 bknights@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8526-8468","contributorId":2906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knights","given":"Brent","email":"bknights@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bartsch, Lynn 0000-0002-1483-4845 lbartsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4845","contributorId":3342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch","given":"Lynn","email":"lbartsch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Richardson, William B. 0000-0002-7471-4394 wrichardson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4394","contributorId":3277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"William","email":"wrichardson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vallazza, Jonathan M. jvallazza@usgs.gov","contributorId":3651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallazza","given":"Jonathan","email":"jvallazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Arts, Michael T.","contributorId":139280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arts","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12720,"text":"Environment of Canada, National Water Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70141629,"text":"70141629 - 2015 - Flow cytometric method for measuring chromatin fragmentation in fixed sperm from yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:54:58","indexId":"70141629","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3594,"text":"Theriogenology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow cytometric method for measuring chromatin fragmentation in fixed sperm from yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>)","docAbstract":"<p><span>Declining harvests of yellow perch,&nbsp;</span><i>Perca flavescens</i><span>, in urbanized watersheds of Chesapeake Bay have prompted investigations of their reproductive fitness. The purpose of this study was to establish a flow cytometric technique for DNA analysis of fixed samples sent from the field to provide reliable gamete quality measurements. Similar to the sperm chromatin structure assay, measures were made on the susceptibility of nuclear DNA to acid-induced denaturation, but used fixed rather than live or thawed cells. Nuclei were best exposed to the acid treatment for 1&nbsp;minute at 37&nbsp;&deg;C followed by the addition of cold (4&nbsp;&deg;C) propidium iodide staining solution before flow cytometry. The rationale for protocol development is presented graphically through cytograms. Field results collected in 2008 and 2009 revealed DNA fragmentation up to 14.5%. In 2008, DNA fragmentation from the more urbanized watersheds was significantly greater than from reference sites (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.026) and in 2009, higher percentages of haploid testicular cells were noted from the less urbanized watersheds (P&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.032) indicating better reproductive condition at sites with less urbanization. For both years, total and progressive live sperm motilities by computer-assisted sperm motion analysis ranged from 19.1% to 76.5%, being significantly higher at the less urbanized sites (P&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05). This flow cytometric method takes advantage of the propensity of fragmented DNA to be denatured under standard conditions, or 1&nbsp;minute at 37&nbsp;&deg;C with 10% buffered formalin&ndash;fixed cells. The study of fixed sperm makes possible the restrospective investigation of germplasm fragmentation, spermatogenic ploidy patterns, and chromatin compaction levels from samples translocated over distance and time. The protocol provides an approach that can be modified for other species across taxa.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.028","usgsCitation":"Jenkins, J.A., Draugelis-Dale, R.O., Pinkney, A.E., Iwanowicz, L., and Blazer, V., 2015, Flow cytometric method for measuring chromatin fragmentation in fixed sperm from yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>): Theriogenology, v. 83, no. 5, p. 920-931, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.028.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"920","endPage":"931","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048922","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"83","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54e868bce4b02d776a67c5c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenkins, Jill A. 0000-0002-5087-0894 jenkinsj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-0894","contributorId":2710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Jill","email":"jenkinsj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Draugelis-Dale, Rassa O. 0000-0001-8532-3287 daler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-3287","contributorId":20422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draugelis-Dale","given":"Rassa","email":"daler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pinkney, Alfred E.","contributorId":14253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pinkney","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12750,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Annapolis, MD","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. liwanowicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":139215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159786,"text":"70159786 - 2015 - The role of water in unconventional in situ energy resource extraction technologies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T23:53:56.61256","indexId":"70159786","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7","title":"The role of water in unconventional in situ energy resource extraction technologies","docAbstract":"<p><span>Global trends toward developing new energy resources from lower grade, larger tonnage deposits that are not generally accessible using “conventional” extraction methods involve variations of subsurface in situ extraction techniques including in situ&nbsp;</span>oil shale retorting<span>, hydraulic fracturing of petroleum reservoirs, and in situ recovery of uranium. Although these methods are economically feasible and perhaps result in a smaller above-ground land-use footprint, there remain uncertainties regarding potential subsurface impacts to groundwater. This chapter provides an overview of the role of water in these technologies and the opportunities and challenges for water reuse and recycling.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Food, energy, and water: The chemistry connection","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-800211-7.00007-7","usgsCitation":"Gallegos, T.J., Bern, C., Birdwell, J.E., Haines, S.S., and Engle, M.A., 2015, The role of water in unconventional in situ energy resource extraction technologies, chap. 7 <i>of</i> Food, energy, and water: The chemistry connection, p. 183-215, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800211-7.00007-7.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"215","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057244","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565446c6e4b071e7ea53d4dd","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ahuja, Satinder","contributorId":59343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahuja","given":"Satinder","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":858433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Gallegos, Tanya J. 0000-0003-3350-6473 tgallegos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-6473","contributorId":2206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallegos","given":"Tanya","email":"tgallegos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bern, Carleton R. cbern@usgs.gov","contributorId":139818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bern","given":"Carleton R.","email":"cbern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70156348,"text":"70156348 - 2015 - Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-20T12:54:13","indexId":"70156348","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1012,"text":"Biogeosciences Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many factors are known to influence greenhouse gas emissions from coastal wetlands, but it is still unclear which factors are most important under field conditions when they are all acting simultaneously. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of water table, salinity, soil temperature and vegetation on CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emissions and ecosystem respiration (</span><i>R</i><span>eco</span><span>) from five coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China: two&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites australis</i><span>&nbsp;(common reed) wetlands, two&nbsp;</span><i>Suaeda salsa</i><span>&nbsp;(sea blite) marshes and a rice (</span><i>Oryza sativa</i><span>) paddy. Throughout the growing season, the&nbsp;</span><i>Suaeda</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands were net CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;sinks whereas the&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands and the rice paddy were net CH</span><span>4</span><span>sources emitting 1.2&ndash;6.1 g CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;y</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>. The&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands emitted the most CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;per unit area and the most CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;relative to CO</span><span>2</span><span>. The main controlling factors for the CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emissions were water table, temperature and salinity. The CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emission was accelerated at high and constant (or managed) water tables and decreased at water tables below the soil surface. High temperatures enhanced CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emissions, and emission rates were consistently low (&lt; 1 mg CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;h) at soil temperatures &lt;18 &deg;C. At salinity levels &gt; 18 ppt, the CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emission rates were always low (&lt; 1 mg CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;m</span><span>&minus;2</span><span>&nbsp;h</span><span>&minus;1</span><span>) probably because methanogens were outcompeted by sulphate reducing bacteria. Saline&nbsp;</span><i>Phragmites</i><span>&nbsp;wetlands can, however, emit significant amounts of CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;as CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;produced in deep soil layers are transported through the air-space tissue of the plants to the atmosphere. The CH</span><span>4</span><span>&nbsp;emission from coastal wetlands can be reduced by creating fluctuating water tables, including water tables below the soil surface, as well as by occasional flooding by high-salinity water. The effects of water management schemes on the biological communities in the wetlands must, however, be carefully studied prior to the management in order to avoid undesirable effects on the wetland communities.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015","usgsCitation":"Olsson, L., Ye, S., Yu, X., Wei, M., Krauss, K.W., and Brix, H., 2015, Factors influencing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from coastal wetlands in the Liaohe Delta, northeast China: Biogeosciences Discussions, v. 12, p. 3469-3503, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"3469","endPage":"3503","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063447","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-4965-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":307019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","state":"Liaoning Province","otherGeospatial":"Liaohe Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              122.85736083984375,\n              41.49006348843993\n            ],\n            [\n              122.85736083984375,\n              41.95949009892465\n            ],\n            [\n              124.1180419921875,\n              41.95949009892465\n            ],\n            [\n              124.1180419921875,\n              41.49006348843993\n            ],\n            [\n              122.85736083984375,\n              41.49006348843993\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-08-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d6fa32e4b0518e3546bc3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olsson, Linda","contributorId":146731,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsson","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ye, Siyuan","contributorId":146732,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ye","given":"Siyuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yu, Xueyang","contributorId":146733,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yu","given":"Xueyang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Mengjie","contributorId":146734,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wei","given":"Mengjie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16739,"text":"Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Shandong Province, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brix, Hans","contributorId":146735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brix","given":"Hans","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13419,"text":"Aarhus University, Denmark","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70159896,"text":"70159896 - 2015 - A method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient (KdPAR)from paired temperature sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-10-16T15:03:42.633049","indexId":"70159896","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2622,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography: Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"A method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K<sub>dPAR</sub>)from paired temperature sensors","title":"A method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient (KdPAR)from paired temperature sensors","docAbstract":"<p><span>A new method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient for photosynthetically active radiation (</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>) from paired temperature sensors was derived. We show that during cases where the attenuation of penetrating shortwave solar radiation is the dominant source of temperature changes, time series measurements of water temperatures at multiple depths (</span><i>z</i><sub>1</sub><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><i>z</i><sub>2</sub><span>) are related to one another by a linear scaling factor (</span><i>α</i><span>).&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>&nbsp;can then be estimated by the simple equation&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>&nbsp;= ln(</span><i>α</i><span>)/(</span><i>z</i><sub>2</sub><span>−</span><i>z</i><sub>1</sub><span>). A suggested workflow is presented that outlines procedures for calculating&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>&nbsp;according to this paired temperature sensor (PTS) method. This method is best suited for conditions when radiative temperature gains are large relative to physical noise. These conditions occur frequently on water bodies with low wind and/or high&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>s but can be used for other types of lakes during time periods of low wind and/or where spatially redundant measurements of temperatures are available. The optimal vertical placement of temperature sensors according to a priori knowledge of&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>&nbsp;is also described. This information can be used to inform the design of future sensor deployments using the PTS method or for campaigns where characterizing sub‐daily changes in temperatures is important. The PTS method provides a novel method to characterize light attenuation in aquatic ecosystems without expensive radiometric equipment or the user subjectivity inherent in Secchi depth measurements. This method also can enable the estimation of&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><sub><i>d</i>PAR</sub><span>&nbsp;at higher frequencies than many manual monitoring programs allow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/lom3.10006","usgsCitation":"Read, J.S., Rose, K., Winslow, L.A., and Read, E.K., 2015, A method for estimating the diffuse attenuation coefficient (KdPAR)from paired temperature sensors: Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, v. 13, no. 2, p. 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10006.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051186","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":472306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10006","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"566175c1e4b06a3ea36c5677","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Read, Jordan S. 0000-0002-3888-6631 jread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6631","contributorId":4453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Jordan","email":"jread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":580931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Kevin C.","contributorId":64580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Kevin C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winslow, Luke A. 0000-0002-8602-5510 lwinslow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-5510","contributorId":5919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Luke","email":"lwinslow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Read, Emily K. 0000-0002-9617-9433 eread@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9617-9433","contributorId":5815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Read","given":"Emily","email":"eread@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70148424,"text":"70148424 - 2015 - Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-13T13:39:07","indexId":"70148424","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism","docAbstract":"<p><span>Silicic lavas have erupted repeatedly in the Mono Basin over the past few thousand years, forming the massive domes and coulees of the Mono Craters chain and the smaller island vents in Mono Lake. We report here on the first systematic study of magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions from these features, conducted during 2007&ndash;2010. Most notably, a known locus of weak steam venting on the summit of North Coulee is actually enclosed in a large area (~&nbsp;0.25&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) of diffuse gas discharge that emits 10&ndash;14&nbsp;t/d of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, mostly at ambient temperature. Subsurface gases sampled here are heavily air-contaminated, but after standard corrections are applied, show average &delta;</span><sup>13</sup><span>C-CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;of &minus;&nbsp;4.72&permil;,&nbsp;</span><sup>3</sup><span>He/</span><sup>4</sup><span>He of 5.89R</span><sub>A</sub><span>, and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>/</span><sup>3</sup><span>He of 0.77&nbsp;&times;&nbsp;10</span><sup>10</sup><span>, very similar to the values in fumarolic gas from Mammoth Mountain and the Long Valley Caldera immediately to the south of the basin. If these values also characterize the magmatic gas source at Mono Lake, where CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;is captured by the alkaline lake water, a magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;upflow beneath the lake of ~&nbsp;4&nbsp;t/d can be inferred. Groundwater discharge from the Mono Craters area transports ~&nbsp;13&nbsp;t/d of&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup><span>C-dead CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;as free gas and dissolved carbonate species, and adding in this component brings the estimated total magmatic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;output to 29&nbsp;t/d for the two silicic systems in the Mono Basin. If these emissions reflect intrusion and degassing of underlying basalt with 0.5&nbsp;wt.% CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, a modest intrusion rate of 0.00075&nbsp;km</span><sup>3</sup><span>/yr is indicated. Much higher intrusion rates are required to account for CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions from Mammoth Mountain and the West Moat of the Long Valley Caldera.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.008","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Evans, W.C., Howle, J.F., and Hunt, A.G., 2015, Magmatic gas emissions at Holocene volcanic features near Mono Lake, California, and their relation to regional magmatism: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 292, p. 70-83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"83","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059936","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":301032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera, Mammoth Mountain, Mono Craters, Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.06639099121094,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06639099121094,\n              38.02862223458794\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76083374023436,\n              38.02862223458794\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76083374023436,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06639099121094,\n              37.44106442458555\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"292","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"557176b5e4b077dba762a2c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":548172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howle, James F. 0000-0003-0491-6203 jfhowle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":2225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","email":"jfhowle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70176621,"text":"70176621 - 2015 - Genetic diversity and host specificity varies across three genera of blood parasites in ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-16T21:28:57","indexId":"70176621","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity and host specificity varies across three genera of blood parasites in ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway","docAbstract":"<p><span>Birds of the order Anseriformes, commonly referred to as waterfowl, are frequently infected by Haemosporidia of the genera </span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span>, </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span>, and </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span> via dipteran vectors. We analyzed nucleotide sequences of the Cytochrome </span><i>b</i><span> (Cyt</span><i>b</i><span>) gene from parasites of these genera detected in six species of ducks from Alaska and California, USA to characterize the genetic diversity of Haemosporidia infecting waterfowl at two ends of the Pacific Americas Flyway. In addition, parasite Cyt</span><i>b</i><span> sequences were compared to those available on a public database to investigate specificity of genetic lineages to hosts of the order Anseriformes. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of </span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span> Cyt</span><i>b</i><span> sequences was lower than was detected for </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span> and </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span> parasites. Although waterfowl are presumed to be infected by only a single species of </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span>, </span><i>L</i><span>. </span><i>simondi</i><span>, diversity indices were highest for haplotypes from this genus and sequences formed five distinct clades separated by genetic distances of 4.9%–7.6%, suggesting potential cryptic speciation. All </span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span> and</span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span> haplotypes derived from waterfowl samples formed monophyletic clades in phylogenetic analyses and were unique to the order Anseriformes with few exceptions. In contrast, waterfowl-origin </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span> haplotypes were identical or closely related to lineages found in other avian orders. Our results suggest a more generalist strategy for </span><i>Plasmodium</i><span>parasites infecting North American waterfowl as compared to those of the genera</span><i>Haemoproteus</i><span> and </span><i>Leucocytozoon</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0116661","usgsCitation":"Reeves, A.B., Smith, M.M., Meixell, B.W., Fleskes, J.P., and Ramey, A.M., 2015, Genetic diversity and host specificity varies across three genera of blood parasites in ducks of the Pacific Americas Flyway: PLoS ONE, v. 10, no. 2, e0116661; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116661.","productDescription":"e0116661; 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059454","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116661","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328891,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7ee45e4b0bc0bec09e977","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reeves, Andrew B. 0000-0002-7526-0726 areeves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-0726","contributorId":167362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Andrew","email":"areeves@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Matthew M. 0000-0002-2259-5135 mmsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-5135","contributorId":5115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Matthew","email":"mmsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meixell, Brandt W. 0000-0002-6738-0349 bmeixell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-0349","contributorId":138716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meixell","given":"Brandt","email":"bmeixell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. 0000-0001-5388-6675 joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-6675","contributorId":1889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":649405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ramey, Andrew M. 0000-0002-3601-8400 aramey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8400","contributorId":1872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramey","given":"Andrew","email":"aramey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70174827,"text":"70174827 - 2015 - The aging of America's reservoirs: In-reservoir and downstream physical changes and habitat implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T11:40:19","indexId":"70174827","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The aging of America's reservoirs: In-reservoir and downstream physical changes and habitat implications","docAbstract":"<p><span>Reservoirs are important for various purposes including flood control, water supply, power generation, and recreation. The aging of America's reservoirs and progressive loss of water storage capacity resulting from ongoing sedimentation, coupled with increasing societal needs, will cause the social, economic, environmental, and political importance of reservoirs to continually increase. The short- and medium-term (&lt;50&nbsp;years) environmental consequences of reservoir construction and operation are well known and include an altered flow regime, lost connectivity (longitudinal, floodplain), an altered sediment regime, substrate compositional change, and downstream channel degradation. In general, reservoir-related changes have had adverse consequences for the natural ecosystem. Longer term (&gt;50&nbsp;years) environmental changes as reservoirs enter &ldquo;old&rdquo; age are less understood. Additional research is needed to help guide the future management of aging reservoir systems and support the difficult decisions that will have to be made. Important research directions include assessment of climate change effects on aging and determination of ecosystem response to ongoing aging and various management actions that may be taken with the intent of minimizing or reversing the physical effects of aging.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12238","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2015, The aging of America's reservoirs: In-reservoir and downstream physical changes and habitat implications: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 51, no. 1, p. 168-184, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12238.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"184","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-035997","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdbae4b0f1bea0e0f8fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70155114,"text":"70155114 - 2015 - Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-30T10:47:27","indexId":"70155114","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault","docAbstract":"<p>Tetrafluoromethane (CF4) concentrations were measured in 14 groundwater samples from the Cuyama Valley, Mil Potrero and Cuddy Valley aquifers along the Big Bend section of the San Andreas Fault System (SAFS) in California to assess whether tectonic activity in this region is a significant source of crustal CF4 to the atmosphere. Dissolved CF4 concentrations in all groundwater samples but one were elevated with respect to estimated recharge concentrations including entrainment of excess air during recharge (CreCre; &sim;30 fmol&thinsp;kg&minus;1 H2O), indicating subsurface addition of CF4 to these groundwaters. Groundwaters in the Cuyama Valley contain small CF4 excesses (0.1&ndash;9 times CreCre), which may be attributed to an in situ release from weathering and a minor addition of deep crustal CF4 introduced to the shallow groundwater through nearby faults. CF4 excesses in groundwaters within 200 m of the SAFS are larger (10&ndash;980 times CreCre) and indicate the presence of a deep crustal flux of CF4 that is likely associated with the physical alteration of silicate minerals in the shear zone of the SAFS. Extrapolating CF4 flux rates observed in this study to the full extent of the SAFS (1300 km &times; 20&ndash;100 km) suggests that the SAFS potentially emits (0.3&ndash;1)&times;10&minus;1 kg(0.3&ndash;1)&times;10&minus;1 kg CF4 yr&minus;1 to the Earth's surface. For comparison, the chemical weathering of &sim;7.5&times;104 km2&sim;7.5&times;104 km2 of granitic rock in California is estimated to release (0.019&ndash;3.2)&times;10&minus;1 kg(0.019&ndash;3.2)&times;10&minus;1 kg CF4 yr&minus;1. Tectonic activity is likely an important, and potentially the dominant, driver of natural emissions of CF4 to the atmosphere. Variations in preindustrial atmospheric CF4 as observed in paleo-archives such as ice cores may therefore represent changes in both continental weathering and tectonic activity, including changes driven by variations in continental ice cover during glacial&ndash;interglacial transitions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.016","usgsCitation":"Deeds, D., Kulongoski, J., Muhle, J., and Weiss, R.F., 2015, Tectonic activity as a significant source of crustal tetrafluoromethane emissions to the atmosphere: observations in groundwaters along the San Andreas Fault: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 412, p. 163-172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.016.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"172","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049276","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cuyama Valley, Mil Potrero and Cuddy Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.267822265625,\n              35.07946034047981\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.267822265625,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.94873046875,\n              34.43862840686652\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"412","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55b98fc0e4b08f6647be517f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Deeds, Daniel A. ddeeds@usgs.gov","contributorId":5087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deeds","given":"Daniel A.","email":"ddeeds@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154 kulongos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","email":"kulongos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Muhle, Jens","contributorId":145626,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Muhle","given":"Jens","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weiss, Ray F.","contributorId":145627,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weiss","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12888,"text":"Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Univ of California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70193748,"text":"70193748 - 2015 - Development of a new semi-analytical model for cross-borehole flow experiments in fractured media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-09T12:48:52","indexId":"70193748","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a new semi-analytical model for cross-borehole flow experiments in fractured media","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analysis of borehole flow logs is a valuable technique for identifying the presence of fractures in the subsurface and estimating properties such as fracture connectivity, transmissivity and storativity. However, such estimation requires the development of analytical and/or numerical modeling tools that are well adapted to the complexity of the problem. In this paper, we present a new semi-analytical formulation for cross-borehole flow in fractured media that links transient vertical-flow velocities measured in one or a series of observation wells during hydraulic forcing to the transmissivity and storativity of the fractures intersected by these wells. In comparison with existing models, our approach presents major improvements in terms of computational expense and potential adaptation to a variety of fracture and experimental configurations. After derivation of the formulation, we demonstrate its application in the context of sensitivity analysis for a relatively simple two-fracture synthetic problem, as well as for field-data analysis to investigate fracture connectivity and estimate fracture hydraulic properties. These applications provide important insights regarding (i) the strong sensitivity of fracture property estimates to the overall connectivity of the system; and (ii) the non-uniqueness of the corresponding inverse problem for realistic fracture configurations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.12.002","usgsCitation":"Roubinet, D., Irving, J., and Day-Lewis, F.D., 2015, Development of a new semi-analytical model for cross-borehole flow experiments in fractured media: Advances in Water Resources, v. 76, p. 97-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.12.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-061584","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_547C366CAA45","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c25341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roubinet, Delphine","contributorId":199840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roubinet","given":"Delphine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irving, James","contributorId":199841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irving","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193932,"text":"70193932 - 2015 - Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams, Midwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T10:52:27","indexId":"70193932","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams, Midwest, USA","docAbstract":"<div class=\"Abstracts\"><div id=\"ab0005\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"as0005\"><p id=\"sp0005\">Agricultural activities can accelerate the offsite transport of productive soil from fields leading to stream water quality degradation. Identification of the nature and relative contribution of different sources to fine-grained sediment (e.g., silts, clays) in streams is important to effectively focus agricultural best management practices in watersheds. Sediment fingerprinting techniques through the use of geochemical tracers are commonly used to differentiate relative contribution from various sources. Research was conducted in lowland streams in the Pleasant Valley watershed in South Central Wisconsin (USA) to identify provenance of fine-grained sediment deposits and evaluate the impact of land use on relative contributions from the following potential sources: cropland, pasture, woodland, and eroding stream banks. Results show that both agriculture (croplands and pastures) and eroding stream banks are primary sources to fine sediment deposits on the stream bed with contributions ranging from 19 to 100% and 0 to 81%, respectively. The increase in area under agricultural land use within a subwatershed results in greater contribution from agriculture (R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.846, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.0034). Relative contributions from eroding stream banks increased with increasing area under grasslands and woodlands within a subwatershed (R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.814, p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.0055). Subwatersheds with greater mass of fine sediment deposited on the stream bed per unit area should be prioritized for best management practices. The conservation practices should be targeted to stream banks or croplands depending on the dominant source of fine sediment within a subwatershed. Site specific changes in relative contributions from different sources to fine-grained sediment in this watershed highlights the complexities involved in sediment transport dynamics. The nested sampling sites helped determine that sediment dynamics at the subwatershed scale need to be considered for application of targeted conservation techniques.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.001","collaboration":"University of Wisconsin-Madison; Dane County; WI DNR; the Nature Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Lamba, J., Thompson, A., Karthikeyan, K., and Fitzpatrick, F.A., 2015, Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams, Midwest, USA: Geomorphology, v. 236, p. 44-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.02.001.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"44","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-061085","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348559,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Pleasant Valley watershed","volume":"236","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a06c8d4e4b09af898c86166","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lamba, Jasmeet","contributorId":200232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lamba","given":"Jasmeet","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":16601,"text":"USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Anita M.","contributorId":200233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Anita M.","affiliations":[{"id":16128,"text":"Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karthikeyan, K.G.","contributorId":200234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karthikeyan","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":35719,"text":"Unversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Biological Systems Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":196543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":721499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70170584,"text":"70170584 - 2015 - Preliminary evaluation of an in vivo fluorometer to quantify algal periphyton biomass and community composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-28T10:29:12","indexId":"70170584","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of an in vivo fluorometer to quantify algal periphyton biomass and community composition","docAbstract":"<p><span>The bbe-Moldaenke BenthoTorch (BT) is an<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>in vivo</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>fluorometer designed to quantify algal biomass and community composition in benthic environments. The BT quantifies total algal biomass via chlorophyll<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>a</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(Chl-</span><i>a</i><span>) concentration and may differentiate among cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms based on pigment fluorescence. To evaluate how BT measurements of periphytic algal biomass (as Chl-</span><i>a</i><span>) compared with an ethanol extraction laboratory analysis, we collected BT- and laboratory-measured Chl-</span><i>a</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>data from 6 stream sites in the Indian Creek basin, Johnson County, Kansas, during August and September 2012. BT-measured Chl-</span><i>a</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>concentrations were positively related to laboratory-measured concentrations (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>= 0.47); sites with abundant filamentous algae had weaker relations (</span><i>R</i><sup>2</sup><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>= 0.27). Additionally, on a single sample date, we used the BT to determine periphyton biomass and community composition upstream and downstream from 2 wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) that discharge into Indian Creek. We found that algal biomass increased immediately downstream from the WWTF discharge then slowly decreased as distance from the WWTF increased. Changes in periphyton community structure also occurred; however, there were discrepancies between BT- and laboratory-measured community composition data. Most notably, cyanobacteria were present at all sites based on BT measurements but were present at only one site based on laboratory-analyzed samples. Overall, we found that the BT compared reasonably well with laboratory methods for relative patterns in Chl-</span><i>a</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>but not as well with absolute Chl-</span><i>a</i><span>concentrations. Future studies need to test the BT over a wider range of Chl-</span><i>a</i><span>concentrations, in colored waters, and across various periphyton assemblages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2015.1025153","usgsCitation":"Harris, T.D., and Graham, J., 2015, Preliminary evaluation of an in vivo fluorometer to quantify algal periphyton biomass and community composition: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 31, no. 2, p. 127-133, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2015.1025153.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"133","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057798","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320628,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.68875885009766,\n              38.90412551322715\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.68875885009766,\n              38.963279677655805\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.60773468017578,\n              38.963279677655805\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.60773468017578,\n              38.90412551322715\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.68875885009766,\n              38.90412551322715\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57233431e4b0b13d39148cef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harris, Theodore D. 0000-0003-0944-8007 tdharris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0944-8007","contributorId":4040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Theodore","email":"tdharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":150737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer L.","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159420,"text":"70159420 - 2015 - Do shrubs reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T15:58:15","indexId":"70159420","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do shrubs reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties?","docAbstract":"<p>Increases in the density of woody plants are a global phenomenon in drylands, and large aggregations of shrubs, in particular, are regarded as being indicative of dysfunctional ecosystems. There is increasing evidence that overgrazing by livestock reduces ecosystem functions in shrublands, but that shrubs may buffer the negative effects of increasing grazing. We examined changes in water infiltration and nutrient concentrations in soils under shrubs and in their interspaces in shrublands in eastern Australia that varied in the intensity of livestock grazing. We used structural equation modelling to test whether shrubs might reduce the negative effects of overgrazing on infiltration and soil carbon and nitrogen (henceforth &lsquo;soil nutrients&rsquo;). Soils under shrubs and subject to low levels of grazing were more stable and had greater levels of soil nutrients. Shrubs had a direct positive effect on soil nutrients; but, grazing negatively affected nutrients by increasing soil bulk density. Structural equation modelling showed that shrubs had a direct positive effect on water flow under ponded conditions but also enhanced water flow, indirectly, through increased litter cover. Any positive effects of shrubs on water flow under low levels of grazing waned at high levels of grazing. Our results indicate that shrubs may reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties. Specifically, shrubs could restrict access to livestock and therefore protect soils and plants beneath their canopies. Low levels of grazing are likely to ensure the retention of soil water and soil carbon and nitrogen in shrubland soils.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1600","usgsCitation":"Eldridge, D., Beecham, G., and Grace, J.B., 2015, Do shrubs reduce the adverse effects of grazing on soil properties?: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 8, p. 1503-1513, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1600.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1503","endPage":"1513","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061846","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","city":"Cobar","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              145.26123046875,\n              -31.85889704445453\n            ],\n            [\n              146.260986328125,\n              -31.85889704445453\n            ],\n            [\n              146.260986328125,\n              -31.184609135743237\n            ],\n            [\n              145.26123046875,\n              -31.184609135743237\n            ],\n            [\n              145.26123046875,\n              -31.85889704445453\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56334338e4b048076347eec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eldridge, David J. 0000-0002-2191-486X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-486X","contributorId":66535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eldridge","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":27407,"text":"Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences,  University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beecham, Genevieve","contributorId":149466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beecham","given":"Genevieve","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17744,"text":"University of NSW, Sydney, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70193753,"text":"70193753 - 2015 - Hillslope run-off thresholds with shrink–swell clay soils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-31T16:35:08.501515","indexId":"70193753","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hillslope run-off thresholds with shrink–swell clay soils","docAbstract":"<p><span>Irrigation experiments on 12 instrumented field plots were used to assess the impact of dynamic soil crack networks on infiltration and run-off. During applications of intensity similar to a heavy rainstorm, water was seen being preferentially delivered within the soil profile. However, run-off was not observed until soil water content of the profile reached field capacity, and the apertures of surface-connected cracks had closed &gt;60%. Electrical resistivity measurements suggested that subsurface cracks persisted and enhanced lateral transport, even in wet conditions. Likewise, single-ring infiltration measurements taken before and after irrigation indicated that infiltration remained an important component of the water budget at high soil water content values, despite apparent surface sealing. Overall, although the wetting and sealing of the soil profile showed considerable complexity, an emergent property at the hillslope scale was observed: all of the plots demonstrated a strikingly similar threshold run-off response to the cumulative precipitation amount.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10165","usgsCitation":"Stewart, R.D., Abou Najm, M.R., Rupp, D.E., Lane, J.W., Uribe, H.C., Arumi, J.L., and Selker, J.S., 2015, Hillslope run-off thresholds with shrink–swell clay soils: Hydrological Processes, v. 29, no. 4, p. 557-571, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10165.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"571","ipdsId":"IP-053604","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","city":"Ninhue, San Agustín de Puñual","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -72.50538346762502,\n              -36.40583448067851\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.52799302875732,\n              -36.40583448067851\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.52799302875732,\n              -36.4240329414952\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.50538346762502,\n              -36.4240329414952\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.50538346762502,\n              -36.40583448067851\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c2533d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Ryan D.","contributorId":199852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abou Najm, Majdi R.","contributorId":199853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abou Najm","given":"Majdi","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupp, David E.","contributorId":199854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rupp","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Uribe, Hamil C.","contributorId":199855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Uribe","given":"Hamil","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arumi, Jose Luis","contributorId":199856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arumi","given":"Jose","email":"","middleInitial":"Luis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Selker, John S.","contributorId":199857,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selker","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70178680,"text":"70178680 - 2015 - Ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> in a temperate herbaceous peatland in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T11:18:16","indexId":"70178680","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> in a temperate herbaceous peatland in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China","docAbstract":"<p><span>Northern peatlands contain a considerable share of the terrestrial carbon pool, which will be affected by future climatic variability. Using the static chamber technique, we investigated ecosystem respiration and soil respiration over two growing seasons (2012 and 2013) in a </span><i>Carex lasiocarpa</i><span>-dominated peatland in the Sanjiang Plain in China. We synchronously monitored the environmental factors controlling CO</span><sub>2</sub><span> fluxes. Ecosystem respiration during these two growing seasons ranged from 33.3 to 506.7&nbsp;mg CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>–C&nbsp;m</span><sup>−2</sup><span>&nbsp;h</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Through step-wise regression, variations in soil temperature at 10&nbsp;cm depth alone explained 73.7% of the observed variance in log</span><sub>10</sub><span>(ER). The mean </span><i>Q</i><sub>10</sub><span> values ranged from 2.1 to 2.9 depending on the choice of depth where soil temperature was measured. The </span><i>Q</i><sub>10</sub><span> value at the 10&nbsp;cm depth (2.9) appears to be a good representation for herbaceous peatland in the Sanjiang Plain when applying field-estimation based </span><i>Q</i><sub>10</sub><span>values to current terrestrial ecosystem models due to the most optimized regression coefficient (63.2%). Soil respiration amounted to 57% of ecosystem respiration and played a major role in peatland carbon balance in our study. Emphasis on ecosystem respiration from temperate peatlands in the Sanjiang Plain will improve our basic understanding of carbon exchange between peatland ecosystem and the atmosphere.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.035","usgsCitation":"Zhu, X., Song, C., Swarzenski, C.M., Guo, Y., Zhang, X., and Wang, J., 2015, Ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of CO<sub>2</sub> in a temperate herbaceous peatland in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China: Ecological Engineering, v. 75, p. 16-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.11.035.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-056585","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Sanjiang Plain","volume":"75","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58468aebe4b04fc80e5236cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Xiaoyan","contributorId":177140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Xiaoyan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Song, Changchun","contributorId":177141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Song","given":"Changchun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guo, Yuedong","contributorId":177142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guo","given":"Yuedong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhang, Xinhow","contributorId":177143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Xinhow","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Jiaoyue","contributorId":177144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Jiaoyue","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70178488,"text":"70178488 - 2015 - Suspended-sediment trapping in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary channel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-22T12:32:18","indexId":"70178488","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended-sediment trapping in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary channel","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evidence of decreasing sediment supply to estuaries and coastal oceans worldwide illustrates the need for accurate and updated estimates. In the San Francisco Estuary (Estuary), recent research suggests a decrease in supply from its largest tributaries, implying the increasing role of smaller, local tributaries in sediment supply to this estuary. Common techniques for estimating supply from tributaries are based on gages located above head of tide, which do not account for trapping processes within the tidal reach. We investigated the effect of a tidal reach on suspended-sediment discharge for Corte Madera Creek, a small tributary of the Estuary. Discharge of water (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Q</i><span>) and suspended-sediment (SSD) were observed for 3&nbsp;years at two locations along the creek: upstream of tidal influence and at the mouth. Comparison of upstream and mouth gages showed nearly 50&nbsp;% trapping of upstream SSD input within the tidal reach over this period. At the storm time scale, suspended-sediment trapping efficiency varied greatly (range −31 to 93&nbsp;%); storms were classified as low- or high-yield based on upstream SSD. As upstream peak </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Q</i><span> increased, high-yield storms exhibited significantly decreased trapping. Tidal conditions at the mouth—ebb duration and peak ebb velocity—during storms had a minor effect on sediment trapping, suggesting fluvial processes dominate. Comparison of characteristic fluvial and tidal discharges at the storm time scale demonstrated longitudinal differences in the regulating process for SSD. These results suggest that SSD from gages situated above head of tide overestimate sediment supply to the open waters beyond tributary mouths and thus trapping processes within the tidal reach should be considered.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-015-9944-4","usgsCitation":"Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Suspended-sediment trapping in the tidal reach of an estuarine tributary channel: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 38, no. 6, p. 2198-2212, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-015-9944-4.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2198","endPage":"2212","ipdsId":"IP-044920","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Corte Madera Creek, San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.59128570556642,\n              37.928221646989755\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59128570556642,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49446868896483,\n              38\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.49446868896483,\n              37.928221646989755\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.59128570556642,\n              37.928221646989755\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5835672ce4b0070c0abfb6dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318 mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":3690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen","email":"mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70193751,"text":"70193751 - 2015 - Anomalous solute transport in saturated porous media: Relating transport model parameters to electrical and nuclear magnetic resonance properties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T15:50:44","indexId":"70193751","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anomalous solute transport in saturated porous media: Relating transport model parameters to electrical and nuclear magnetic resonance properties","docAbstract":"<p><span>The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) fails to describe commonly observed non-Fickian solute transport in saturated porous media, necessitating the use of other models such as the dual-domain mass-transfer (DDMT) model. DDMT model parameters are commonly calibrated via curve fitting, providing little insight into the relation between effective parameters and physical properties of the medium. There is a clear need for material characterization techniques that can provide insight into the geometry and connectedness of pore spaces related to transport model parameters. Here, we consider proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), direct-current (DC) resistivity, and complex conductivity (CC) measurements for this purpose, and assess these methods using glass beads as a control and two different samples of the zeolite clinoptilolite, a material that demonstrates non-Fickian transport due to intragranular porosity. We estimate DDMT parameters via calibration of a transport model to column-scale solute tracer tests, and compare NMR, DC resistivity, CC results, which reveal that grain size alone does not control transport properties and measured geophysical parameters; rather, volume and arrangement of the pore space play important roles. NMR cannot provide estimates of more-mobile and less-mobile pore volumes in the absence of tracer tests because these estimates depend critically on the selection of a material-dependent and flow-dependent cutoff time. Increased electrical connectedness from DC resistivity measurements are associated with greater mobile pore space determined from transport model calibration. CC was hypothesized to be related to length scales of mass transfer, but the CC response is unrelated to DDMT.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015284","usgsCitation":"Swanson, R., Binley, A., Keating, K., France, S., Osterman, G., Day-Lewis, F.D., and Singha, K., 2015, Anomalous solute transport in saturated porous media: Relating transport model parameters to electrical and nuclear magnetic resonance properties: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 2, p. 1264-1283, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015284.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1264","endPage":"1283","ipdsId":"IP-057728","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015284","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c2533f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Ryan D","contributorId":199846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swanson","given":"Ryan D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Binley, Andrew 0000-0002-0938-9070","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-9070","contributorId":192556,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Binley","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keating, Kristina","contributorId":199847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keating","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"France, Samantha","contributorId":199848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"France","given":"Samantha","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Osterman, Gordon","contributorId":199849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterman","given":"Gordon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}