Recent oil discoveries in an Aptian–Cenomanian clinothem in Arctic Alaska demonstrate the potential for hundred-million- to billion-barrel oil accumulations in Nanushuk Formation topsets and Torok Formation foresets–bottomsets. Oil-prone source rocks and the clinothem are draped across the Barrow arch, a structural hinge between the Colville foreland basin and Beaufort Sea rifted margin. Stratigraphic traps lie in a favorable thermal maturity domain along multiple migration pathways across more than 30,000 km2(10,000 mi2). Sediment from the Chukotkan orogen (Russia) filled the western Colville basin and spilled over the Beaufort rift shoulder, forming east- and north-facing shelf margins. Progradational shelf-margin trajectories change abruptly to “sawtooth” trajectories at mid-clinothem, the result of reduction in sediment influx. Two stratigraphic trap types are inferred in Nanushuk basal topsets in the eastern part of the clinothem: (1) lowstand systems tracts, inferred to reflect forced regression, include a narrow, thick progradational stacking pattern perched on a sequence boundary on the upper slope; and (2) highstand-progradational systems tracts include a broad, thin wedge of shingled parasequences above a toplap surface. Both include stratigraphically isolated sandstone sealed by mudstone. Trap geometries in Torok foreset and bottomset facies in the same area include basin-floor fan, slope-apron, and slope-channel deposits that pinch out upslope and are sealed by mudstone. Significant potential exists for the discovery of additional oil accumulations in these stratigraphic trap types in the eastern part of the clinothem. Less potential may exist in the western part because reservoir-seal pairs may not be well developed.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/08151817281","usgsCitation":"Houseknecht, D.W., 2019, Petroleum systems framework of significant new oil discoveries in a giant Cretaceous (Aptian–Cenomanian) clinothem in Arctic Alaska: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 103, no. 3, p. 619-652, https://doi.org/10.1306/08151817281.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"652","ipdsId":"IP-088601","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360836,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360835,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/bulletns/aop/2018-09-06/aapgbltn17281aop.html"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207166,"text":"70207166 - 2019 - Interannual snow accumulation variability on glaciers derived from repeat spatially extensive ground-penetrating radar surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T08:06:31","indexId":"70207166","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-22T07:51:17","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interannual snow accumulation variability on glaciers derived from repeat spatially extensive ground-penetrating radar surveys","docAbstract":"There is significant uncertainty regarding the spatiotemporal distribution of seasonal snow on glaciers, despite being a fundamental component of glacier mass balance. To address this knowledge gap, we collected repeat, spatially extensive high-frequency ground-penetrating radar (GPR) observations on two glaciers in Alaska for five consecutive years. GPR measurements showed steep snow water equivalent (SWE) elevation gradients at both sites; continental Gulkana Glacier’s SWE gradient averaged 115 mm 100 m–1 and maritime Wolverine Glacier’s gradient averaged 440 mm 100 m–1 (over >1000 m). We extrapolated GPR point observations across the glacier surface using terrain parameters derived from digital elevation models as predictor variables in two statistical models (stepwise multivariable linear regression and regression trees). Elevation and proxies for wind redistribution had the greatest explanatory power, and exhibited relatively time-constant coefficients over the study period. Both statistical models yielded comparable estimates of glacier-wide average SWE (1 % average difference at Gulkana, 4 % average difference at Wolverine), although the spatial distributions produced by the models diverged in unsampled regions of the glacier, particularly at Wolverine. In total, six different methods for estimating the glacier-wide average agreed within ± 11 %. We assessed interannual variability in the spatial pattern of snow accumulation predicted by the statistical models using two quantitative metrics. Both glaciers exhibited a high degree of temporal stability, with ~85 % of the glacier area experiencing less than 25 % normalized absolute variability over this five-year interval. We found SWE at a sparse network (3 stakes per glacier) of long-term glaciological stake sites to be highly correlated with the GPR-derived glacier-wide average. We estimate that interannual variability in the spatial pattern of SWE is only a small component (4–10 % of glacier-wide average) of the total mass balance uncertainty and thus, our findings support the concept that sparse stake networks effectively measure interannual variability in winter balance on glaciers, rather than some spatially varying pattern of snow accumulation.","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/tc-12-3617-2018","usgsCitation":"McGrath, D.J., Sass, L., O’Neel, S., McNeil, C., Candela, S.G., Baker, E., and Marshall, H.P., 2019, Interannual snow accumulation variability on glaciers derived from repeat spatially extensive ground-penetrating radar surveys: The Cryosphere, v. 12, p. 3617-3633, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3617-2018.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"3617","endPage":"3633","ipdsId":"IP-098923","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-3617-2018","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":370143,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 58.21702494960191\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 58.21702494960191\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 64.28275952823394\n ],\n [\n -153.80859375,\n 58.21702494960191\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGrath, Daniel J 0000-0002-9462-6842","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":221142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGrath","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":40333,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sass, Louis 0000-0003-4677-029X lsass@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4677-029X","contributorId":221141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sass","given":"Louis","email":"lsass@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNeil, Christopher J. 0000-0003-4170-0428 cmcneil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4170-0428","contributorId":5803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNeil","given":"Christopher J.","email":"cmcneil@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Candela, Salvatore G 0000-0002-1605-4463","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-4463","contributorId":221143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Candela","given":"Salvatore","email":"","middleInitial":"G","affiliations":[{"id":40334,"text":"School of Earth Sciences and Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":777119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baker, Emily 0000-0002-0938-3496 ehbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-3496","contributorId":200570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Emily","email":"ehbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Marshall, Hans P.","contributorId":172745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marshall","given":"Hans","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70216090,"text":"70216090 - 2019 - New approach to assessing age uncertainties – The 2300-year varve chronology from Eklutna Lake, Alaska (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-08T14:28:34.652988","indexId":"70216090","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-19T10:49:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New approach to assessing age uncertainties – The 2300-year varve chronology from Eklutna Lake, Alaska (USA)","docAbstract":"Developing robust chronological frameworks of lacustrine sediment is central to reconstructing past environmental changes. We present varve chronologies from five sites extending back 2300 years from Eklutna Lake, in the Chugach Mountains of south-central Alaska. The chronologies are built from image analysis of high-resolution photographs and CT scans of sediment cores. The age uncertainty of each record is tested by three methods. We first present varve chronologies from individual sites and reconcile the difference in varve delimitation from two observers. The varve chronologies from each site are then compared to each other using a series of marker beds that can be traced across the lake basin. Finally, using a new Bayesian probabilistic model, we develop age models that incorporate information regarding age uncertainty from the multiple-observer method and the age distribution of marker layers from multiple cores. To evaluate the accuracy of the Bayesian model output, we used seven radiocarbon ages from terrestrial macrofossils and four tephra layers traceable across the core sites. The major-element geochemistry of the tephra layers and their ages are presented here for the first time. The Bayesian age model offers a new approach to quantifying age uncertainty in inter-correlated cores of varved sediment.
The advancement of spring and the differential ability of organisms to respond to changes in plant phenology may lead to ‘phenological mismatches’ as a result of climate change. One potential for considerable mismatch is between migratory birds and food availability in northern breeding ranges and these mismatches may have consequences for ecosystem function. We conducted a three‐year experiment to examine the consequences for CO2 exchange of advanced spring green‐up and altered timing of grazing by migratory Pacific black brant in a coastal wetland in western Alaska. Experimental treatments represent the variation in green‐up and timing of peak grazing intensity that currently exists in the system. Delayed grazing resulted in greater net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and gross primary productivity (GPP) while early grazing reduced CO2 uptake with the potential of causing net ecosystem carbon (C) loss in late spring and early summer. Conversely, advancing the growing season only influenced ecosystem respiration (ER), resulting in a small increase in ER with no concomitant impact on GPP or NEE. The experimental treatment that represents the most likely future, with green‐up advancing more rapidly than arrival of migratory geese, results in NEE changing by 1.2 μmol m−2 s−1 toward a greater CO2 sink in spring and summer. Increased sink strength, however, may be mitigated by early arrival of migratory geese, which would reduce CO2 uptake. Importantly, while the direct effect of climate warming on phenology of green‐up has a minimal influence on NEE, the indirect effect of climate warming manifest through changes in the timing of peak grazing can have a significant impact on C balance in northern coastal wetlands. Furthermore, processes influencing the timing of goose migration in the winter range can significantly influence ecosystem function in summer habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.14473","usgsCitation":"Leffler, A.J., Beard, K., Kelsey, K.C., Choi, R.T., Schmutz, J.A., and Welker, J.M., 2019, Delayed herbivory by migratory geese increases summer‐long CO2 uptake in coastal western Alaska: Global Change Biology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 277-289, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14473.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"277","endPage":"289","ipdsId":"IP-093758","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14473","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"25","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a902e4b034bf6a7e4eef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leffler, A. Joshua","contributorId":210187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leffler","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Joshua","affiliations":[{"id":38087,"text":"Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beard, Karen H.","contributorId":14296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beard","given":"Karen H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelsey, Katharine C.","contributorId":195397,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelsey","given":"Katharine","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Choi, Ryan T.","contributorId":205936,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":750129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Welker, Jeffery M.","contributorId":43654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welker","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":750130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203355,"text":"70203355 - 2019 - Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-09T09:03:39","indexId":"70203355","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-19T10:09:48","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Over the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), temperatures in widely used gridded data products do not warm as much as mean temperatures from a stable set of U.S. Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) stations, located at generally lower elevations, in most months of the year. This is contrary to expectations of elevation-dependent warming, which suggests that warming increases with elevation. These findings could reflect 1) a genuine absence of elevation-dependent warming in the region, 2) systematic non-climatic influences on either the USHCN stations or high elevation stations, including known inhomogeneities related to changes in the time of observation and instrumentation, or 3) suppression of an elevation-dependent warming signal introduced by changes in the station network. While we cannot categorically dismiss the first two possibilities, we show here that over portions of the 20th century, gridded temperatures warm less than USHCN temperatures and the difference cannot be explained by accounting for known inhomogeneities. These analyses suggest that changing station coverage in the UCRB has influenced trends in gridded temperature estimates that incorporate changing suites of stations over time. Specifically, increases in the number of high-elevation stations in the UCRB may have led to an underestimation of elevation-dependent warming, particularly during the spring and summer. This phenomenon is unlikely limited to this specific basin, and may be present in other high-elevation watersheds across the western U.S.","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1002/joc.5898","usgsCitation":"McAfee, S., McCabe, G.J., Gray, S., and Pederson, G.T., 2019, Changing station coverage impacts temperature trends in the Upper Colorado River Basin: International Journal of Climatology, v. 39, no. 3, p. 1517-1538, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5898.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1517","endPage":"1538","ipdsId":"IP-092579","costCenters":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -106,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -112,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-11-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAfee, Stephanie A.","contributorId":167115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAfee","given":"Stephanie A.","affiliations":[{"id":24618,"text":"Department of Geography, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":762282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":200854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, Stephen T. 0000-0002-0959-3418 sgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3418","contributorId":209851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Stephen","email":"sgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pederson, Gregory T. 0000-0002-6014-1425 gpederson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-1425","contributorId":3106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pederson","given":"Gregory","email":"gpederson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":762281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200424,"text":"70200424 - 2019 - Overview of the oxygen isotope systematics of land snails from North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-21T14:54:00","indexId":"70200424","displayToPublicDate":"2018-10-03T10:46:06","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Overview of the oxygen isotope systematics of land snails from North America","docAbstract":"Continental paleoclimate proxies with near-global coverage are rare. Land snail δ18O is one of the few proxies abundant in Quaternary sediments ranging from the tropics to the high Arctic tundra. However, its application in paleoclimatology remains difficult, attributable in part to limitations in published calibration studies. Here we present shell δ18O of modern small (<10 mm) snails across North America, from Florida (30°N) to Manitoba (58°N), to examine the main climatic controls on shell δ18O at a coarse scale. This transect is augmented by published δ18O values, which expand our coverage from Jamaica (18°N) to Alaska (64°N). Results indicate that shell δ18O primarily tracks the average annual precipitation δ18O. Shell δ18O increases 0.5–0.7‰ for every 1‰ increase in precipitation δ18O, and 0.3–0.7‰ for every 1°C increase in temperature. These relationships hold true when all taxa are included regardless of body size (ranging from ~1.6 to ~58 mm), ecology (herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores), or behavior (variable seasonal active periods and mobility habits). Future isotopic investigations should include calibration studies in tropical and high-latitude settings, arid environments, and along altitudinal gradients to test if the near linear relationship between shell and meteoric precipitation δ18O observed on a continental scale remains significant.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/qua.2018.79","usgsCitation":"Yanes, Y., Al-Qattan, N.M., Rech, J.A., Pigati, J.S., Dodd, J.P., and Nekola, J.C., 2019, Overview of the oxygen isotope systematics of land snails from North America: Quaternary Research, v. 91, no. 1, p. 329-344, https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2018.79.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"344","ipdsId":"IP-094692","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","volume":"91","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10a92fe4b034bf6a7e505e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yanes, Yurena","contributorId":197219,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yanes","given":"Yurena","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Al-Qattan, Nasser M.","contributorId":209766,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Al-Qattan","given":"Nasser","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16608,"text":"Miami University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":117323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pigati, Jeffrey S. 0000-0001-5843-6219 jpigati@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-6219","contributorId":201167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jpigati@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dodd, Justin P.","contributorId":209767,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dodd","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13666,"text":"Northern Illinois University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Nekola, Jeffrey C.","contributorId":26214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nekola","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":7000,"text":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70218673,"text":"70218673 - 2019 - Nesting ecology of a naturalized population of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in New Zealand","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-04T19:28:06.447338","indexId":"70218673","displayToPublicDate":"2018-08-13T13:23:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology of a naturalized population of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in New Zealand","docAbstract":"Investigating the reproductive ecology of naturalized species provides insights into the role of the source population's characteristics vs. post‐release adaptation that influence the success of introduction programmes. Introduced and naturalized Mallards Anas platyrhynchos are widely established in New Zealand (NZ), but little is known regarding their reproductive ecology. We evaluated the nesting ecology of female Mallards at two study sites in NZ (Southland and Waikato) in 2014–15. We radiotagged 241 pre‐breeding females with abdominal‐implant transmitters and measured breeding incidence, nesting chronology and re‐nesting propensity. We monitored 271 nests to evaluate nest survival, clutch and egg size, egg hatchability and partial clutch depredation. Breeding incidence averaged (mean ± se) 0.91 ± 0.03, clutch size averaged 9.9 ± 0.1 eggs, 94 ± 2% of eggs hatched in successful nests, partial depredation affected 6 ± 1% of eggs in clutches that were not fully destroyed by predators, and re‐nesting propensity following failure of nests or broods was 0.50 ± 0.003. Nesting season (first nest initiated to last nest hatched) lasted 4.5 months and mean initiation date of first detected nest attempts was 28 August ± 3.3 days. Smaller females were less likely to nest, but older, larger or better condition females nested earlier, re‐nested more often and laid larger clutches than did younger, smaller or poorer condition females. Younger females in Southland had higher nest survival; cumulative nest survival ranged from 0.25 ± 0.007 for adult females in Waikato to 0.50 ± 0.007 for yearling females in Southland. Compared with Mallards in their native range, the nesting season in NZ was longer, clutches and eggs were larger, and nest survival was generally greater. Different predators and climate, introgression with native heterospecifics and/or the sedentary nature of Mallards in NZ may have contributed to these differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ibi.12656","usgsCitation":"Sheppard, J.L., Amundson, C.L., Arnold, T.W., and Klee, D., 2019, Nesting ecology of a naturalized population of Mallards Anas platyrhynchos in New Zealand: Ibis, v. 161, no. 34, p. 504-520, https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12656.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"504","endPage":"520","ipdsId":"IP-091679","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383828,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"New Zealand","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[173.02037,-40.91905],[173.24723,-41.332],[173.95841,-40.9267],[174.24759,-41.34916],[174.24852,-41.77001],[173.87645,-42.23318],[173.22274,-42.97004],[172.71125,-43.37229],[173.08011,-43.85334],[172.30858,-43.86569],[171.45293,-44.24252],[171.18514,-44.8971],[170.6167,-45.90893],[169.83142,-46.35577],[169.33233,-46.64124],[168.41135,-46.61994],[167.76374,-46.2902],[166.67689,-46.21992],[166.50914,-45.8527],[167.04642,-45.11094],[168.30376,-44.12397],[168.94941,-43.93582],[169.66781,-43.55533],[170.52492,-43.03169],[171.12509,-42.51275],[171.56971,-41.76742],[171.94871,-41.51442],[172.09723,-40.9561],[172.79858,-40.49396],[173.02037,-40.91905]]],[[[174.61201,-36.1564],[175.33662,-37.2091],[175.3576,-36.52619],[175.80889,-36.79894],[175.95849,-37.55538],[176.7632,-37.88125],[177.43881,-37.96125],[178.01035,-37.57982],[178.51709,-37.69537],[178.27473,-38.58281],[177.97046,-39.16634],[177.20699,-39.14578],[176.93998,-39.44974],[177.03295,-39.87994],[176.88582,-40.06598],[176.50802,-40.60481],[176.01244,-41.28962],[175.23957,-41.68831],[175.0679,-41.42589],[174.65097,-41.28182],[175.22763,-40.45924],[174.90016,-39.90893],[173.82405,-39.50885],[173.85226,-39.1466],[174.5748,-38.79768],[174.74347,-38.02781],[174.69702,-37.38113],[174.29203,-36.71109],[174.319,-36.53482],[173.841,-36.12198],[173.05417,-35.23713],[172.63601,-34.52911],[173.00704,-34.45066],[173.5513,-35.00618],[174.32939,-35.2655],[174.61201,-36.1564]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Zealand\"}}]}","volume":"161","issue":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheppard, Jennifer L.","contributorId":253489,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amundson, Courtney L. 0000-0002-0166-7224 camundson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-7224","contributorId":4833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amundson","given":"Courtney","email":"camundson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":811324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arnold, Todd W.","contributorId":36058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arnold","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":811325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klee, David","contributorId":201217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klee","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":811326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70198482,"text":"70198482 - 2019 - Phenology of hatching, emergence, and end-of-season body size in young-of-year Coho Salmon in thermally contrasting streams draining the Copper River Delta, Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T15:15:35","indexId":"70198482","displayToPublicDate":"2018-08-06T12:33:38","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenology of hatching, emergence, and end-of-season body size in young-of-year Coho Salmon in thermally contrasting streams draining the Copper River Delta, Alaska ","docAbstract":"Phenology can be linked to individual fitness, particularly in strongly seasonal environments where the timing of events have important consequences for growth, condition, and survival. We studied the phenology of Coho Salmon hatching and emergence in streams with contrasting thermal variability, but in close geographic proximity. Following emergence, we tracked body sizes of cohorts of young-of-year fish until the end of the growing season. Hatch and emergence timing occurred at the same time among streams with marked variability in thermal regimes. We demonstrate that this can be explained in part by the thermal units accumulated during embryo development. At the end of the first growing season there were some differences in body size, however overall fish size among streams were similar despite strong differences in thermal regimes. Collectively these results provide novel insights into the interactions between environmental variability and the early life-history stages of Coho Salmon furthering our understanding of the consequences of phenology on growth and survival for individuals within the critical first summer of life.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2018-0003","usgsCitation":"Campbell, E.Y., Dunham, J.B., Reeves, G.H., and Wondzell, S.M., 2019, Phenology of hatching, emergence, and end-of-season body size in young-of-year Coho Salmon in thermally contrasting streams draining the Copper River Delta, Alaska : Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 2, p. 185-191, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0003.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"191","ipdsId":"IP-084964","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/90589","text":"External Repository"},{"id":356192,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Copper River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -145.67,\n 60.33\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 60.33\n ],\n [\n -145,\n 60.67\n ],\n [\n -145.67,\n 60.67\n ],\n [\n -145.67,\n 60.33\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b6fc3dbe4b0f5d57878e909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Emily Y.","contributorId":206748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":147808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":741622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reeves, Gordon H.","contributorId":101521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reeves","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":527,"text":"Pacific Northwest Research Station","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":741624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wondzell, Steve M.","contributorId":206749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wondzell","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37389,"text":"U.S. Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":741625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204460,"text":"70204460 - 2019 - Capture versus tagging impacts on chum salmon freshwater spawning migration travel times","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-25T12:03:39","indexId":"70204460","displayToPublicDate":"2018-08-01T12:02:40","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1659,"text":"Fisheries Management and Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Capture versus tagging impacts on chum salmon freshwater spawning migration travel times","docAbstract":"The spawning migration travel times of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), fitted with gastrically implanted radio tags vs external spaghetti tags were tested for a short [≈60 river km (rkm)] and long migration route (≈730 rkm) on the Koyukuk River, Alaska, USA. Using a novel application of statistical arrival curve models to infer travel times for uncaptured fish, migrations by chum salmon not directly handled during the study were also assessed. Results demonstrated negligible differences in travel times within migration routes between fish fitted only with spaghetti tags and fish fitted with radio tags, indicating low impacts on migration travel behaviour associated with gastric tags once deployed. Conversely, travel times for unhandled fish as inferred by statistical arrival models may have been 12%–24% shorter than those for fish captured with gillnets for tagging. These results suggest that, if present, chum salmon migration behaviour impacts may be more strongly associated with fish capture than tag deployment.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12294","usgsCitation":"Sethi, S., 2019, Capture versus tagging impacts on chum salmon freshwater spawning migration travel times: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 296-303, https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12294.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"296","endPage":"303","ipdsId":"IP-084183","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365940,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sethi, Suresh 0000-0002-0053-1827 ssethi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-1827","contributorId":191424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sethi","given":"Suresh","email":"ssethi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":767017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203910,"text":"70203910 - 2019 - Development of on-shore behavior among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea: Inherited or learned?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T09:09:57","indexId":"70203910","displayToPublicDate":"2018-07-13T09:10:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Development of on-shore behavior among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea: Inherited or learned?","title":"Development of on-shore behavior among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea: Inherited or learned?","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are experiencing rapid and substantial changes to their environment due to global climate change. Polar bears of the southern Beaufort Sea (SB) have historically spent most of the year on the sea ice. However, recent reports from Alaska indicate that the proportion of the SB subpopulation observed on-shore during late summer and early fall has increased. Our objective was to investigate whether this on-shore behavior has developed through genetic inheritance, asocial learning, or through social learning. From 2010 to 2013, genetic data were collected from SB polar bears in the fall via hair snags and remote biopsy darting on-shore and in the spring from captures and remote biopsy darting on the sea ice. Bears were categorized as either on-shore or off-shore individuals based on their presence on-shore during the fall. Levels of genetic relatedness, first-order relatives, mother–offspring pairs, and father–offspring pairs were determined and compared within and between the two categories: on-shore versus off-shore. Results suggested transmission of on-shore behavior through either genetic inheritance or social learning as there was a higher than expected number of first-order relatives exhibiting on-shore behavior. Genetic relatedness and parentage data analyses were in concurrence with this finding, but further revealed mother–offspring social learning as the primary mechanism responsible for the development of on-shore behavior. Recognizing that on-shore behavior among polar bears was predominantly transmitted via social learning from mothers to their offspring has implications for future management and conservation as sea ice continues to decline.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.4233","usgsCitation":"Lillie, K.M., Gese, E.M., Atwood, T.C., and Sonsthagen, S.A., 2019, Development of on-shore behavior among polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea: Inherited or learned?: Ecology and Evolution, v. 8, no. 16, p. 7790-7799, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4233.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"7790","endPage":"7799","ipdsId":"IP-085029","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":468119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4233","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":364867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Southern Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -157.32421875,\n 71.49703690095419\n ],\n [\n -157.32421875,\n 70.88788500718185\n ],\n [\n -141.8115234375,\n 69.39578308847753\n ],\n [\n -138.427734375,\n 68.98992503056704\n ],\n [\n -138.2080078125,\n 69.51914693717981\n ],\n [\n -142.7783203125,\n 70.22974449563027\n ],\n [\n -157.32421875,\n 71.49703690095419\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lillie, K. M.","contributorId":216398,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lillie","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gese, E. M.","contributorId":216399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gese","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6682,"text":"Utah State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sonsthagen, Sarah A. 0000-0001-6215-5874 ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-5874","contributorId":3711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sonsthagen","given":"Sarah","email":"ssonsthagen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204289,"text":"70204289 - 2019 - A repeating event sequence alarm for monitoring volcanoes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-17T14:25:22","indexId":"70204289","displayToPublicDate":"2018-06-20T14:22:05","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A repeating event sequence alarm for monitoring volcanoes","docAbstract":"A major challenge in volcanology is forecasting eruptions. Repeating earthquake sequences may precede volcanic eruptions or lava dome growth and collapse, providing an opportunity for short-term eruption forecasting. I develop an automated repeating earthquake sequence detector and near real-time alarm to send alerts when an in-progress sequence is identified. The algorithm is based on a standard event detector (e.g., STA/LTA) and subsequent correlation-matching procedure that identifies repeating event sequences. A notification algorithm determines when a sequence is in progress and sends alerts. I use eruptions of three Alaskan volcanoes as case studies to test the alarm, implementing it both in retrospect and in real-time during the 2016-2017 Bogoslof eruption. These case studies show that the alarm can successfully be used to detect and alert on sequences of repeating events in a timely manner.","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220170263","usgsCitation":"Tepp, G., 2019, A repeating event sequence alarm for monitoring volcanoes: Seismological Research Letters, v. 89, no. 5, p. 1863-1876, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170263.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1863","endPage":"1876","ipdsId":"IP-092679","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tepp, Gabrielle 0000-0001-5388-5138","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5388-5138","contributorId":206305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tepp","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":766323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203771,"text":"70203771 - 2019 - Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-12T08:56:36","indexId":"70203771","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-21T10:18:22","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1785,"text":"Geological Society Special Publication","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Queen Charlotte Fault defines the Pacific–North America transform plate boundary in western Canada and southeastern Alaska for c. 900 km. The entire length of the fault is submerged along a continental margin dominated by Quaternary glacial processes, yet the geomorphology along the margin has never been systematically examined due to the absence of high-resolution seafloor mapping data. Hence the geological processes that influence the distribution, character and timing of mass transport events and their associated hazards remain poorly understood. Here we develop a classification of the first-order shape of the continental shelf, slope and rise to examine potential relationships between form and process dominance. We found that the margin can be split into six geomorphic groups that vary smoothly from north to south between two basic end-members. The northernmost group (west of Chichagof Island, Alaska) is characterized by concave-upwards slope profiles, gentle slope gradients (<6°) and relatively low along-strike variance, all features characteristic of sediment-dominated siliciclastic margins. Dendritic submarine canyon/channel networks and retrogressive failure complexes along relatively gentle slope gradients are observed throughout the region, suggesting that high rates of Quaternary sediment delivery and accumulation played a fundamental part in mass transport processes. Individual failures range in area from 0.02 to 70 km2 and display scarp heights between 10 and 250 m. Transpression along the Queen Charlotte Fault increases southwards and the slope physiography is thus progressively more influenced by regional-scale tectonic deformation. The southernmost group (west of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia) defines the tectonically dominated end-member: the continental slope is characterized by steep gradients (>20°) along the flanks of broad, margin-parallel ridges and valleys. Mass transport features in the tectonically dominated areas are mostly observed along steep escarpments and the larger slides (up to 10 km2) appear to be failures of consolidated material along the flanks of tectonic features. Overall, these observations highlight the role of first-order margin physiography on the distribution and type of submarine landslides expected to occur in particular morphological settings. The sediment-dominated end-member allows for the accumulation of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments and shows larger, more frequent slides; the rugged physiography of the tectonically dominated end-member leads to sediment bypass and the collapse of uplifted tectonic features. The maximum and average dimensions of slides are an order of magnitude smaller than those of slides observed along other (passive) glaciated margins. We propose that the general patterns observed in slide distribution are caused by the interplay between tectonic activity (long- and short-term) and sediment delivery. The recurrence (<100 years) of M > 7 earthquakes along the Queen Charlotte Fault may generate small, but frequent, failures of under-consolidated Quaternary sediments within the sediment-dominated regions. By contrast, the tectonically dominated regions are characterized by the bypass of Quaternary sediments to the continental rise and the less frequent collapse of steep, uplifted and consolidated sediments.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","doi":"10.1144/SP477.30","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Andrews, B.D., Walton, M.A., Greene, H.G., Barrie, J.V., Miller, N.C., ten Brink, U., East, A.E., Haeussler, P.J., Kluesner, J., and Conrad, J.E., 2019, Slope failure and mass transport processes along the Queen Charlotte Fault, southeastern Alaska: Geological Society Special Publication, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1144/SP477.30.","productDescription":"15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-091677","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Queen Charlotte Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -140,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 50\n ],\n [\n -128,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 60\n ],\n [\n -140,\n 50\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-05-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, Daniel","contributorId":216159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. 0000-0003-1024-9400 bandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-9400","contributorId":201662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walton, Maureen A. L. 0000-0001-8496-463X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8496-463X","contributorId":211025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walton","given":"Maureen","email":"","middleInitial":"A. L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":208568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barrie, J. Vaughn","contributorId":216160,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barrie","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vaughn","affiliations":[{"id":13092,"text":"Geological Survey of Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":764052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Nathaniel C. 0000-0003-3271-2929 ncmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3271-2929","contributorId":174592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Nathaniel","email":"ncmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":764054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"East, Amy E. 0000-0002-9567-9460 aeast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-9460","contributorId":196364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kluesner, Jared W. 0000-0003-1701-8832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-8832","contributorId":206367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"Jared W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Conrad, James E. 0000-0001-6655-694X jconrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-694X","contributorId":2316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"James","email":"jconrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":764058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70196987,"text":"70196987 - 2019 - Influences of spawning timing, water temperature, and climatic warming on early life history phenology in western Alaska sockeye salmon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-28T09:35:59","indexId":"70196987","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influences of spawning timing, water temperature, and climatic warming on early life history phenology in western Alaska sockeye salmon","docAbstract":"We applied an empirical model to predict hatching and emergence timing for 25 western Alaska sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in four lake-nursery systems to explore current patterns and potential responses of early life history phenology to warming water temperatures. Given experienced temperature regimes during development, we predicted hatching to occur in as few as 58 d to as many as 260 d depending on spawning timing and temperature. For a focal lake spawning population, our climate-lake temperature model predicted a water temperature increase of 0.7 to 1.4 °C from 2015 to 2099 during the incubation period, which translated to a 16 d to 30 d earlier hatching timing. The most extreme scenarios of warming advanced development by approximately a week earlier than historical minima and thus climatic warming may lead to only modest shifts in phenology during the early life history stage of this population. The marked variation in the predicted timing of hatching and emergence among populations in close proximity on the landscape may serve to buffer this metapopulation from climate change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/cjfas-2017-0468","usgsCitation":"Sparks, M.M., Falke, J.A., Quinn, T.P., Adkison, M.D., Schindler, D.E., Bartz, K.K., Young, D.B., and Westley, P.A., 2019, Influences of spawning timing, water temperature, and climatic warming on early life history phenology in western Alaska sockeye salmon: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 76, no. 1, p. 123-135, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0468.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"135","ipdsId":"IP-092007","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354153,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afee6bde4b0da30c1bfbd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparks, Morgan M.","contributorId":200252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sparks","given":"Morgan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Falke, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-6670-8250 jfalke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-8250","contributorId":5195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falke","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jfalke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":735185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adkison, Milo D.","contributorId":100791,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adkison","given":"Milo","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schindler, Daniel E.","contributorId":83485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartz, Krista K.","contributorId":200705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Krista","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":735282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Westley, Peter A. H.","contributorId":190530,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Westley","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70203089,"text":"70203089 - 2019 - Exxon Valdez oil spill long-term herring research and monitoring program final report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T13:53:13","indexId":"70203089","displayToPublicDate":"2018-05-01T13:49:04","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Exxon Valdez oil spill long-term herring research and monitoring program final report","docAbstract":"This study includes annual field surveys of Ichthyophonus, viral hemorrhagic\nsepticemia virus, and erythrocytic necrosis virus in adult and juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea\npallasii) in Prince William Sound, Alaska and several reference populations in Alaska, British\nColumbia, and Washington. Results from controlled experimental studies with Ichthyophonus\nindicated that:\n\n• Pacific herring could become infected after repeated feedings on simulated infected offal,\n• Gross external signs of ichthyophoniasis can persist for extended periods without causing\ndirect host mortality,\n• A novel tool (chromogenic in situ hybridization) was developed to confirm the presence\nof Ichthyophonus in histological sections,\n• A circulating stage of Ichthyophonus was detected in the blood of infected hosts,\n• Ichthyophonus remains viable in a fish carcass for up to 4 weeks and remains infectious\nfor at least 5 days post mortem,\n• Six distinct genetic types of Ichthyophonus were identified in different hosts throughout\nthe world,\n• Tissue explant culture was confirmed to be more sensitive than qPCR for detecting low -\nintensity Ichthyophonus infections directly from fish tissues.\n\nResults from controlled experimental studies with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus indicated\nthat:\n• Cooler temperatures are more conducive to viral hemorrhagic septicemia epizootics in\nPacific herring,\n• A blocking ELISA was developed to detect fish antibodies to viral hemorrhagic\nsepticemia virus,\n• A more sensitive plaque neutralization test was optimized to detect herring neutralizing\nantibodies to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus,\n• The relative susceptibility of Pacific herring to other viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus\ngenotypes was assessed, experimental spill-over, amplification, and spill-back was\ndemonstrated between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Pacific herring,\n• The efficacy of homologous and heterologous DNA vaccines against viral hemorrhagic\nsepticemia virus was demonstrated in Pacific herring.\n\nControlled experimental studies with erythrocytic necrosis virus resulted in the development of a\nconventional PCR technique that is capable of the virus in the blood and the development of a\nquantitative PCR technique that is capable of detecting the virus in any herring tissues.","language":"English","publisher":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council.","collaboration":"Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., 2019, Exxon Valdez oil spill long-term herring research and monitoring program final report, 211 p.","productDescription":"211 p.","ipdsId":"IP-084929","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363904,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":363036,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/EVOS/2018/16120111-K.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, Paul 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":203322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70229751,"text":"70229751 - 2019 - Application of an updated atmospheric model to explore volcano infrasound propagation and detection in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T14:28:52.392954","indexId":"70229751","displayToPublicDate":"2018-04-05T09:22:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of an updated atmospheric model to explore volcano infrasound propagation and detection in Alaska","docAbstract":"Winds and temperature gradients greatly affect the long-range propagation of infrasound. The spatio-temporal variability of these parameters must therefore be accurately characterized to correctly interpret recorded infrasound at long distances, specifically to differentiate between source and propagation effects. Here we present the first results of an open source reanalysis model, termed Alaska Volcano Observatory Ground-to-Space (AVO-G2S), constructed to accurately characterize the atmosphere and model long-range infrasound propagation from volcanic eruptions in Alaska. We select a number of case studies to examine recent eruptions of Alaskan volcanoes whose ash emissions posed a threat to air traffic, including the two most recent eruptions of Pavlof Volcano and two typical explosions from Cleveland Volcano. Strong tropospheric ducting and low noise at the station during the 21 July 2015 explosion of Cleveland Volcano led to an automated detection of the explosion at an infrasound array 992 km away, whereas low signal-to-noise ratio for the 6 November 2014 Cleveland Volcano explosion helps explain the non-detection in real-time of a predicted strong stratospheric arrival. For the November 2014 Pavlof eruption, discrepancies between local seismic data and a distal infrasound array 460 km away cannot be solely explained by changes in atmospheric conditions, though some features of the complex propagation predictions follow the trends in long-range infrasound signals. The most recent eruption of Pavlof Volcano in March 2016 shows minimal changes in propagation conditions throughout the eruption and therefore indicates that the signals detected at long-range primarily reflect source processes. These results show how detailed examination of the acoustic propagation conditions provides insight into detection capability and eruption dynamics. Future work will implement AVO-G2S and high-resolution long-range infrasound propagation modeling in real-time for Alaskan volcanoes of interest.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.009","usgsCitation":"Iezzi, A., Schwaiger, H., Fee, D., and Haney, M.M., 2019, Application of an updated atmospheric model to explore volcano infrasound propagation and detection in Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 371, p. 192-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.009.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"192","endPage":"205","ipdsId":"IP-092478","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460609,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.009","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":397148,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Alexandra M. 0000-0002-6782-7681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6782-7681","contributorId":196436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Iezzi","given":"Alexandra M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":838178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwaiger, Hans 0000-0001-7397-8833","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7397-8833","contributorId":214983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwaiger","given":"Hans","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fee, David 0000-0002-0936-9977","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-9977","contributorId":267231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204674,"text":"70204674 - 2019 - Phenotypic plasticity and climate change: Can polar bears respond to longer Arctic summers with an adaptive fast?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T07:07:15","indexId":"70204674","displayToPublicDate":"2018-02-01T12:47:52","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phenotypic plasticity and climate change: Can polar bears respond to longer Arctic summers with an adaptive fast?","docAbstract":"Plasticity in the physiological and behavioural responses of animals to prolonged food shortages may determine the persistence of species under climate warming. This is particularly applicable for species that can “adaptively fast” by conserving protein to protect organ function while catabolizing endogenous tissues. Some Ursids, including polar bears (Ursus maritimus), adaptively fast during winter hibernation—and it has been suggested that polar bears also employ this strategy during summer. We captured 57 adult female polar bears in the Southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) during summer 2008 and 2009 and measured blood variables that indicate feeding, regular fasting, and adaptive fasting. We also assessed tissue δ13C and δ15N to infer diet, and body condition via mass and length. We found that bears on shore maintained lipid and protein stores by scavenging on bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) carcasses from human harvest, while those that followed the retreating sea ice beyond the continental shelf were food deprived. They had low ratios of blood urea to creatinine (U:C), normally associated with adaptive fasting. However, they also exhibited low albumin and glucose (indicative of protein loss) and elevated alanine aminotransferase and ghrelin (which fall during adaptive fasting). Thus, the ~ 70% of the SBS subpopulation that spends summer on the ice experiences more of a regular, rather than adaptive, fast. This fast will lengthen as summer ice declines. The resulting protein loss prior to winter could be a mechanism driving the reported correlation between summer ice and polar bear reproduction and survival in the SBS.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-017-4023-0","usgsCitation":"Whiteman, J.P., Harlow, H.J., Durner, G.M., Regher, E.V., Amstrup, S.C., and Ben-David, M., 2019, Phenotypic plasticity and climate change: Can polar bears respond to longer Arctic summers with an adaptive fast?: Oecologia, v. 186, no. 2, p. 369-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-017-4023-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"381","ipdsId":"IP-073266","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366390,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"186","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whiteman, John P.","contributorId":194427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whiteman","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, Henry J.","contributorId":195844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harlow","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durner, George M. 0000-0002-3370-1191 gdurner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1191","contributorId":3576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durner","given":"George","email":"gdurner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":768024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regher, Eric V","contributorId":140838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Regher","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"V","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ben-David, Merav","contributorId":190901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-David","given":"Merav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":768029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70203215,"text":"70203215 - 2019 - Monitoring and conservation of Japanese Murrelets and related seabirds in Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-25T13:57:21","indexId":"70203215","displayToPublicDate":"2017-12-30T13:54:24","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Monitoring and conservation of Japanese Murrelets and related seabirds in Japan","docAbstract":"Of the 24 species in the Auk (or Alcidae) family of seabirds living in the northern hemisphere, 22 reside within the North Pacific Ocean. These “penguins of the north” use their small wings to “fly” underwater, some to more than 200 meters, where they catch and eat a variety of small fish and invertebrates. In terms of sheer numbers (>65 million) and food consumption, the Auks dominate seabird communities on our continental shelves and they serve as indicators of the health of our ocean. If Auk populations are not all thriving, then we should be concerned about the status of the oceans, plankton and fish that normally sustain them. A few Auk “tribes” genera) are abundant and widespread (such as Uria murres and Aethia auklets), and some are rare and isolated such as Synthliboramphus murrelets, including the Japanese “Crested” Murrelet). Only 8 species of Auk breed in Japan, including species that have either widespread or isolated populations in the North Pacific. During the past century, most of these Auks have declined dramatically in Japan from many causes, including the introduction of predatory rats and cats to breeding islands, bycatch in fishing nets, alteration of food supplies by fishing and climate change, oil spills, and destruction of seabird nesting habitats. Widespread species such as the Common Murre and Tufted Puffin were once common in Japan but now breed in low numbers at only a few locations. Probably common in the past, small numbers of the widespread Ancient Murrelet were recently re-discovered breeding at Teuri Island, which is also home to the world’s largest colony of Rhinoceros Auklet, another widespread species. Though common throughout the North Pacific, Pigeon Guillemots, breed only in the southern Kuril Islands. Their population status is unknown, but they were never considered common in Japan. In contrast, Spectacled Guillemots are an example of an uncommon and isolated population of Auk. They nest along coasts of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sea of Japan, and populations have declined in recent decades. The Long-billed Murrelet has a similar distribution to Spectacled Guillemot, and once bred in Hokkaido, but populations appear to have been extirpated. The Japanese Murrelet has a very small world population, and breeds at only a few locations in southern Japan and the Republic of Korea. The international community of research and conservation biologists is greatly concerned about the ability of this species—probably the rarest of all Auks in the world— to maintain its population size. Owing to its small size and high metabolic demand, this species is especially vulnerable to any stress that increases its food requirements such as changing fish stocks, disturbance on feeding or wintering grounds, or changing ocean climate. Immediate management actions are needed to preserve Japanese Murrelets and other Auks in Japan, by such means as eradicating rats and cats on breeding islands, altering fishing gear to minimize bycatch, and reducing human disturbance to nesting habitats. More research and monitoring of Auk populations in Japan is needed to track population trends, and further identify factors responsible for declines. Interaction between governments and biologists at regional and international levels will be mutually beneficial as we all strive to conserve precious resources and biodiversity in the northwest Pacific, and particularly the Japanese islands.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Status and Monitoring of Rare and Threatened Japanese Crested Murrelet","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Marine Bird Restoration Group","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., Nelson, S., and Carter, H.R., 2019, Monitoring and conservation of Japanese Murrelets and related seabirds in Japan, in Status and Monitoring of Rare and Threatened Japanese Crested Murrelet, p. 33-42.","startPage":"33","endPage":"42","ipdsId":"IP-090741","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":365027,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://marinebird-restorationgroup.jimdo.com/app/download/11136230791/4_p33-42_Piatt.pdf?t=1510725322"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, S Kim","contributorId":205442,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S Kim","affiliations":[{"id":37105,"text":"Oregon State Unversity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carter, Harry R.","contributorId":216125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Harry","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39369,"text":"Carter Biological Consulting","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":765062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70203665,"text":"70203665 - 2019 - Spatial autoregressive models for statistical inference from ecological data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-30T15:18:06","indexId":"70203665","displayToPublicDate":"2017-11-13T15:15:47","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial autoregressive models for statistical inference from ecological data","docAbstract":"Ecological data often exhibit spatial pattern, which can be modeled as autocorrelation. Conditional autoregressive (CAR) and simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models are network‐based models (also known as graphical models) specifically designed to model spatially autocorrelated data based on neighborhood relationships. We identify and discuss six different types of practical ecological inference using CAR and SAR models, including: (1) model selection, (2) spatial regression, (3) estimation of autocorrelation, (4) estimation of other connectivity parameters, (5) spatial prediction, and (6) spatial smoothing. We compare CAR and SAR models, showing their development and connection to partial correlations. Special cases, such as the intrinsic autoregressive model (IAR), are described. Conditional autoregressive and SAR models depend on weight matrices, whose practical development uses neighborhood definition and row‐standardization. Weight matrices can also include ecological covariates and connectivity structures, which we emphasize, but have been rarely used. Trends in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in southeastern Alaska from 463 polygons, some with missing data, are used to illustrate the six inference types. We develop a variety of weight matrices and CAR and SAR spatial regression models are fit using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Profile likelihood graphs illustrate inference for covariance parameters. The same data set is used for both prediction and smoothing, and the relative merits of each are discussed. We show the nonstationary variances and correlations of a CAR model and demonstrate the effect of row‐standardization. We include several take‐home messages for CAR and SAR models, including (1) choosing between CAR and IAR models, (2) modeling ecological effects in the covariance matrix, (3) the appeal of spatial smoothing, and (4) how to handle isolated neighbors. We highlight several reasons why ecologists will want to make use of autoregressive models, both directly and in hierarchical models, and not only in explicit spatial settings, but also for more general connectivity models.
This report provides data collected by the climate monitoring array of the U.S. Department of the Interior on Federal lands in Arctic Alaska over the period August 1998 to July 2019; this array is part of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (DOI/GTN-P). In addition to presenting data, this report also describes monitoring, data collection, and quality-control methods. The array of 16 monitoring stations spans lat 68.5°N. to 70.5°N. and long 142.5°W. to 161°W., an area of approximately 150,000 square kilometers. Climate summaries are presented along with quality-controlled data. Data collection is ongoing and includes the following climate- and permafrost-related variables: air temperature, wind speed and direction, ground temperature, soil moisture, snow depth, rainfall totals, up- and downwelling shortwave radiation, and atmospheric pressure. These data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in close collaboration with the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1092","usgsCitation":"Urban, F.E., and Clow, G.D., 2018, DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998–2019 (ver. 1.2, June 2021), U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1092, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1092. [Supersedes USGS Data Series 1021.]","productDescription":"Report: vi, 71 p.; Data Release; Version History","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-088564","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1092/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":356510,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1092/ds1092.pdf","text":"Report","size":"19.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 1092"},{"id":356546,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7VX0FGB","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data Release associated with Data Series - DOI/GTN-P Climate and Active-Layer Data Acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2019 (ver. 3.0, March 2021)"},{"id":375378,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1092/versionHist2.txt","text":"Version History","size":"4.0 kB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 1092 version history"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.45458984375,\n 66.95587684341999\n ],\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 66.95587684341999\n ],\n [\n -140.99853515625,\n 71.56664127895979\n ],\n [\n -163.45458984375,\n 71.56664127895979\n ],\n [\n -163.45458984375,\n 66.95587684341999\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.2: June 2021: Version 1.1: June 2020; Version 1.0: August 2018","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
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Box 25046, MS 980
Denver, CO 80225
A robust set of modal composition data (238 samples) for Eocene to Pliocene sandstone from the Cook Inlet forearc basin of southern Alaska reveals strong temporal trends in composition, particularly in the abundance of volcanic lithic grains. Field and petrographic point-count data from the northwestern side of the basin indicate that the middle Eocene West Foreland Formation was strongly influenced by nearby volcanic activity. The middle Eocene to lower Miocene Hemlock Conglomerate and Oligocene to middle Miocene Tyonek Formation have a more mature quartzose composition with limited volcanic input. The middle to upper Miocene Beluga Formation includes abundant argillaceous sedimentary lithic grains and records an upward increase in volcanogenic material. The up-section increase in volcanic detritus continues into the upper Miocene to Pliocene Sterling Formation.
These first-order observations are interpreted to primarily reflect the waxing and waning of nearby arc magmatism. Available U-Pb detrital zircon geochronologic data indicate a dramatic reduction in zircon abundance during the early Eocene, and again during the Oligocene to Miocene, suggesting the arc was nearly dormant during these intervals. The reduced arc flux may record events such as subduction of slab windows or material that resisted subduction. The earlier hiatus in volcanism began ca. 56 Ma and coincided with a widely accepted model of ridge subduction beneath south-central Alaska. The later hiatus (ca. 25–8 Ma) coincided with insertion of the leading edge of the Yakutat terrane beneath the North American continental margin, resulting in an Oligocene to Miocene episode of flat-slab subduction that extended farther to the southwest than the modern seismically imaged flat-slab region. The younger tectonic event coincided with development of some of the best petroleum reservoirs in Cook Inlet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Tectonics, sedimentary basins, and provenance: A celebration of the career of William R. Dickinson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2540(26)","usgsCitation":"Helmold, K.P., Wartes, M.A., Gillis, R.J., LePain, D.L., Herriott, T.M., Stanley, R.G., and Wilson, M.D., 2018, Secular changes in Cenozoic arc magmatism recorded by trends in forearc-basin sandstone composition, Cook Inlet, southern Alaska, chap. of Tectonics, sedimentary basins, and provenance: A celebration of the career of William R. Dickinson, p. 591-615, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2540(26).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"591","endPage":"615","ipdsId":"IP-092258","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361172,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -150.545654296875,\n 61.60639637138628\n ],\n [\n -154.412841796875,\n 59.10266722885381\n ],\n [\n -152.501220703125,\n 58.49369382056807\n ],\n [\n -151.710205078125,\n 59.19843857520702\n ],\n [\n -150.79833984375,\n 59.772991625706695\n ],\n [\n -150.97412109375,\n 59.89444803635239\n ],\n [\n -151.622314453125,\n 59.75086102411168\n ],\n [\n -151.226806640625,\n 60.673178565817715\n ],\n [\n -150.52368164062497,\n 60.8663124746226\n ],\n [\n -148.831787109375,\n 60.83955785801797\n ],\n [\n -149.43603515625,\n 61.18032911734518\n ],\n [\n -148.787841796875,\n 61.554109444927185\n ],\n [\n -150.545654296875,\n 61.60639637138628\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Ingersoll, Raymond V.","contributorId":213185,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757056,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lawton, Timothy F.","contributorId":63866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawton","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757057,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham, Stephan A.","contributorId":45902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Helmold, Kenneth P.","contributorId":213171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helmold","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16127,"text":"Alaska Division of Oil and Gas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wartes, Marwan A.","contributorId":213172,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wartes","given":"Marwan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gillis, Robert J.","contributorId":213173,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillis","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"LePain, David L.","contributorId":191714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LePain","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":757029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herriott, Trystan M.","contributorId":213174,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herriott","given":"Trystan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16126,"text":"Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":757025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wilson, Michael D.","contributorId":213175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12586,"text":"Consultant","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":757031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70201869,"text":"70201869 - 2018 - Coastal effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T13:30:46","indexId":"70201869","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T13:30:41","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Coastal effects","docAbstract":"The Coasts chapter of the Third National Climate Assessment, published in 2014, focused on coastal lifelines at risk, economic disruption, uneven social vulnerability, and vulnerable ecosystems. This Coastal Effects chapter of the Fourth National Climate Assessment updates those themes, with a focus on integrating the socioeconomic and environmental impacts and consequences of a changing climate. Specifically, the chapter builds on the threat of rising sea levels exacerbating tidal and storm surge flooding, the state of coastal ecosystems, and the treatment of social vulnerability by introducing the implications for social equity.
U.S. coasts are dynamic environments and economically vibrant places to live and work. As of 2013, coastal shoreline counties were home to 133.2 million people, or 42% of the population. The coasts are economic engines that support jobs in defense, fishing, transportation, and tourism industries; contribute substantially to the U.S. gross domestic product; and serve as hubs of commerce, with seaports connecting the country with global trading partners. Coasts are home to diverse ecosystems such as beaches, intertidal zones, reefs, seagrasses, salt marshes, estuaries, and deltas that support a range of important services including fisheries, recreation, and coastal storm protection. U.S. coasts span three oceans, as well as the Gulf of Mexico, the Great Lakes, and Pacific and Caribbean islands.
The social, economic, and environmental systems along the coasts are being affected by climate change. Threats from sea level rise (SLR) are exacerbated by dynamic processes such as high tide and storm surge flooding (Ch. 19: Southeast, KM 2), erosion (Ch. 26: Alaska, KM 2), waves and their effects, saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers and elevated groundwater tables (Ch. 27: Hawaiʻi & Pacific Islands, KM 1; Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), local rainfall (Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), river runoff (Ch. 3: Water, KM 1), increasing water and surface air temperatures (Ch. 9: Oceans, KM 3), and ocean acidification (see Ch. 2: Climate, KM 3 and Ch. 9: Oceans, KM 1, 2, and 3 for more information on ocean acidification, hypoxia, and ocean warming).
Although storms, floods, and erosion have always been hazards, in combination with rising sea levels they now threaten approximately $1 trillion in national wealth held in coastal real estate and the continued viability of coastal communities that depend on coastal water, land, and other resources for economic health and cultural integrity (Ch. 15: Tribes, KM 1 and 2).
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8","usgsCitation":"Fleming, E., Payne, J., Sweet, W.V., Craghan, M., Haines, J.W., Finzi Hart, J., Stiller, H., and Sutton-Grier, A., 2018, Coastal effects, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH8.","productDescription":"31 p.","startPage":"322","endPage":"352","ipdsId":"IP-103835","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755867,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. W.","contributorId":212242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755868,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Easterling, D. R.","contributorId":212243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Easterling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755869,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kunkel, K. E.","contributorId":83626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunkel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755870,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lewis, K. L. M.","contributorId":212244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lewis","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755871,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Maycock, T. K.","contributorId":212245,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maycock","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755872,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, B. C.","contributorId":212246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":755873,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Fleming, Elizabeth","contributorId":212146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleming","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Payne, Jeffrey","contributorId":212147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Payne","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweet, William V. 0000-0002-0149-8336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0149-8336","contributorId":212148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sweet","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Craghan, Michael","contributorId":212149,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craghan","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haines, John W. 0000-0002-6475-8924 jhaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6475-8924","contributorId":509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"John","email":"jhaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Finzi Hart, Juliette 0000-0003-3179-2699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-2699","contributorId":206104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finzi Hart","given":"Juliette","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stiller, Heidi","contributorId":212150,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stiller","given":"Heidi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38436,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sutton-Grier, Ariana","contributorId":204025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sutton-Grier","given":"Ariana","affiliations":[{"id":36803,"text":"NOAA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70201870,"text":"70201870 - 2018 - Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T12:06:17","indexId":"70201870","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T12:06:08","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska is the largest state in the Nation, almost one-fifth the size of the combined lower 48 United States, and is rich in natural capital resources. Alaska is often identified as being on the front lines of climate change since it is warming faster than any other state and faces a myriad of issues associated with a changing climate. The cost of infrastructure damage from a warming climate is projected to be very large, potentially ranging from $110 to $270 million per year, assuming timely repair and maintenance. Although climate change does and will continue to dramatically transform the climate and environment of the Arctic, proactive adaptation in Alaska has the potential to reduce costs associated with these impacts. This includes the dissemination of several tools, such as guidebooks to support adaptation planning, some of which focus on Indigenous communities. While many opportunities exist with a changing climate, economic prospects are not well captured in the literature at this time.
As the climate continues to warm, there is likely to be a nearly sea ice-free Arctic during the summer by mid-century. Ocean acidification is an emerging global problem that will intensify with continued carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and negatively affects organisms. Climate change will likely affect management actions and economic drivers, including fisheries, in complex ways. The use of multiple alternative models to appropriately characterize uncertainty in future fisheries biomass trajectories and harvests could help manage these challenges. As temperature and precipitation increase across the Alaska landscape, physical and biological changes are also occurring throughout Alaska’s terrestrial ecosystems. Degradation of permafrost is expected to continue, with associated impacts to infrastructure, river and stream discharge, water quality, and fish and wildlife habitat.
Longer sea ice-free seasons, higher ground temperatures, and relative sea level rise are expected to exacerbate flooding and accelerate erosion in many regions, leading to the loss of terrestrial habitat in the future and in some cases requiring entire communities or portions of communities to relocate to safer terrain. The influence of climate change on human health in Alaska can be traced to three sources: direct exposures, indirect effects, and social or psychological disruption. Each of these will have different manifestations for Alaskans when compared to residents elsewhere in the United States. Climate change exerts indirect effects on human health in Alaska through changes to water, air, and soil and through ecosystem changes affecting disease ecology and food security, especially in rural communities.
Alaska’s rural communities are predominantly inhabited by Indigenous peoples who may be disproportionately vulnerable to socioeconomic and environmental change; however, they also have rich cultural traditions of resilience and adaptation. The impacts of climate change will likely affect all aspects of Alaska Native societies, from nutrition, infrastructure, economics, and health consequences to language, education, and the communities themselves.
The profound and diverse climate-driven changes in Alaska’s physical environment and ecosystems generate economic impacts through their effects on environmental services. These services include positive benefits directly from ecosystems (for example, food, water, and other resources), as well as services provided directly from the physical environment (for example, temperature moderation, stable ground for supporting infrastructure, and smooth surface for overland transportation). Some of these effects are relatively assured and in some cases are already occurring. Other impacts are highly uncertain, due to their dependence on the structure of global and regional economies and future human alterations to the environment decades into the future, but they could be large.
In Alaska, a range of adaptations to changing climate and related environmental conditions are underway and others have been proposed as potential actions, including measures to reduce vulnerability and risk, as well as more systemic institutional transformation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Impacts, Risks, and Adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Global Change Research Program","doi":"10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., Gray, S., Berman, M., Eerkes-Medrano, L., Hennessy, T., Huntington, H.P., Littell, J., McCammon, M., Thoman, R., and Trainor, S., 2018, Alaska, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.7930/NCA4.2018.CH26.","productDescription":"57 p.","startPage":"1185","endPage":"1241","ipdsId":"IP-103840","costCenters":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":360915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Reidmiller, David 0000-0001-9321-7548","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-7548","contributorId":212241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reidmiller","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755845,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avery, C. 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At the same time, grasslands have been lost to vineyards, orchards, and residential development at an accelerating rate. We analyzed data from 17 Christmas Bird Count circles that were surveyed regularly between winter 1978–79 and winter 2013–14 to document population trends for birds wintering in this region. We selected 112 taxa (species or species groups) that were relatively abundant and widespread in the Central Valley during winter and used a hierarchical model to estimate annual rates of population change from the count data while accounting for varying survey effort. A much larger proportion of taxa showed positive (46%) than negative (18%) trends; about a third (36%) showed no detectable change. Central Valley habitats that showed the highest proportion of taxa with increasing vs. decreasing trends were riparian (59% vs. 9%; n = 32), wetlands (49% vs. 11%; n = 47), and open water (44% vs. 0%; n = 9), likely reflecting the conservation efforts in these habitats in recent decades. In contrast, a greater proportion of the taxa associated with grasslands and other open habitats (n = 25) showed decreases (48%) than increases (28%). As expected, species that adapt well to areas of human habitation showed stable or increasing trends. Examples of such species with strong positive trends include Anna's Hummingbird (Calypte anna), Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) and recent Central Valley arrivals, Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) and Great-tailed Grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus). Scavenging, opportunistic species such as Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) and Common Raven (Corvus corax) also showed strong positive trends. Trends in wintering populations were largely concordant with estimated trends available from breeding areas in California and western North America. Overall, these abundance data suggest that recent efforts to preserve and restore wetland and riparian habitats may be benefiting birds. However, a similar focus on conservation of the Central Valley's remaining grasslands may be needed to maintain populations of grassland-associated birds.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Trends and Traditions: Avifaunal Change in Western North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Western Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.21199/SWB3.12","collaboration":"Western Field Ornithologists","usgsCitation":"Pandolfino, E.R., and Handel, C.M., 2018, Population trends of birds wintering in the Central Valley of California, chap. of Trends and Traditions: Avifaunal Change in Western North America, v. 3, p. 215-235, https://doi.org/10.21199/SWB3.12.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"235","ipdsId":"IP-096037","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.21199/swb3.12","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":365081,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Mexico, United States","volume":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pandolfino, Edward R","contributorId":209700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pandolfino","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}