High-resolution airborne magnetic and gravity gradiometry data provide the geophysical framework for evaluating the exploration potential of hidden iron oxide deposits in Mesoproterozoic basement rocks of southeast Missouri. The data are used to calculate mineral prospectivity for iron oxide-apatite (IOA) ± rare earth element (REE) and iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits. Results delineate the geophysical footprints of all known iron oxide deposits and reveal several previously unrecognized prospective areas. The airborne data are also inverted to three-dimensional density and magnetic susceptibility models over four concealed deposits at Pea Ridge (IOA ± REE), Boss (IOCG), Kratz Spring (IOA), and Bourbon (IOCG). The Pea Ridge susceptibility model shows a magnetic source that is vertically extensive and traceable to a depth of greater than 2 km. A smaller density source, located within the shallow Precambrian basement, is partly coincident with the magnetic source at Pea Ridge. In contrast, the Boss models show a large (625-m-wide), vertically extensive, and coincident dense and magnetic stock with shallower adjacent lobes that extend more than 2,600 m across the shallow Precambrian paleosurface. The Kratz Spring deposit appears to be a smaller volume of iron oxides and is characterized by lower density and less magnetic rock compared to the other iron deposits. A prospective area identified south of the Kratz Spring deposit shows the largest volume of coincident dense and nonmagnetic rock in the subsurface, and is interpreted as prospective for a hematite-dominant lithology that extends from the top of the Precambrian to depths exceeding 2 km. The Bourbon deposit displays a large bowl-shaped volume of coincident high density and high-magnetic susceptibility rock, and a geometry that suggests the iron mineralization is vertically restricted to the upper parts of the Precambrian basement. In order to underpin the evaluation of the prospectivity and three-dimensional models, an extensive statistical summary of density and apparent magnetic susceptibility measurements is presented that includes data on several hundred samples taken from the deposits, altered wall rocks, and unaltered country rocks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1859","usgsCitation":"McCafferty, A.E., Phillips, J., and Driscoll, R.L., 2016, Magnetic and gravity gradiometry framework for Mesoproterozoic iron oxide-apatite and iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, southeast Missouri, USA: Economic Geology, v. 111, no. 8, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.111.8.1859.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"1882","ipdsId":"IP-069306","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438504,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F78P5XM4","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Helicopter magnetic and gravity gradiometry survey over the Pea Ridge iron mine and surrounding area, southeast Missouri, 2014"},{"id":331203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.65869140625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -92.65869140625,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 38.788345355085625\n ],\n [\n -89.05517578125,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -92.65869140625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"111","issue":"8","edition":"1859","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58356728e4b0070c0abfb6d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":127453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Driscoll, Rhonda L. 0000-0001-7725-8956 rdriscoll@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-8956","contributorId":745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driscoll","given":"Rhonda","email":"rdriscoll@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70178142,"text":"ofr20161191 - 2016 - GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for critical minerals in six selected groups of deposit types in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-11T01:22:47.377543","indexId":"ofr20161191","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-16T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1191","title":"GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for critical minerals in six selected groups of deposit types in Alaska","docAbstract":"Alaska has considerable potential for undiscovered mineral resources. This report evaluates potential for undiscovered critical minerals in Alaska. Critical minerals are those for which the United States imports more than half of its total supply and which are largely derived from nations that cannot be considered reliable trading partners. In this report, estimated resource potential and certainty for the state of Alaska are analyzed and mapped for the following six selected mineral deposit groups that may contain one or more critical minerals: (1) rare earth elements-thorium-yttrium-niobium(-uranium-zirconium) [REE-Th-Y-Nb(-U-Zr)] deposits associated with peralkaline to carbonatitic igneous intrusive rocks; (2) placer and paleoplacer gold (Au) deposits that in some places might also produce platinum group elements (PGE), chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), or titanium (Ti); (3) platinum group elements(-cobalt-chromium-nickel-titanium-vanadium) [PGE(-Co-Cr-Ni-Ti-V)] deposits associated with mafic to ultramafic intrusive rocks; (4) carbonate-hosted copper(-cobalt-silver-germanium-gallium) [Cu(-Co-Ag-Ge-Ga)] deposits; (5) sandstone-hosted uranium(-vanadium-copper) [U(-V-Cu)] deposits; and (6) tin-tungsten-molybdenum(-tantalum-indium-fluorspar) [Sn-W-Mo(-Ta-In-fluorspar)] deposits associated with specialized granites.
This study used a data-driven, geographic information system (GIS)-implemented method to identify areas that have mineral resource potential in Alaska. This method systematically and simultaneously analyzes geoscience data from multiple geospatially referenced datasets and uses individual subwatersheds (12-digit hydrologic units) as the spatial unit of classification. The final map output uses a red, yellow, green, and gray color scheme to portray estimated relative potential (High, Medium, Low, Unknown) for each of the six groups of mineral deposit types, and it indicates the relative certainty (High, Medium, Low) of that estimate for each 12-digit hydrologic unit through color shading. Accompanying tables describe the data layers employed to score favorability for the presence of each mineral deposit group, the values assigned for specific analysis parameters, and the relative weighting of each data layer that contributes to estimated measures of potential and certainty. Core datasets used include the Alaska Geochemical Database, Version 2.0 (AGDB2); the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (ADGGS) web-based geochemical database; the digital “Geologic Map of Alaska;” the Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF); and aerial gamma-ray surveys flown as part of the National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) Program by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Maps accompanying this report illustrate the scores for estimated mineral resource potential for the six deposit groups for the state of Alaska. Areas that have known potential, as well as new areas that were not previously known to have potential, for the targeted minerals and deposit groups are identified and described. Numerous areas in Alaska, some of them large, have high potential for one or more of the selected groups of deposit types within Alaska.
Matthew Granitto, Timothy S. Hayes, James V. Jones, III, Susan M. Karl, Keith A. Labay, Jeffrey L. Mauk, Jeanine M. Schmidt, Nora B. Shew, Erin Todd, Bronwen Wang, Melanie B. Werdon, and Douglas B. Yager
Alaska Science Center staff
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Dr.
Anchorage, AK 99508
Alaska Mineral Resources
Alaska Science Center
The largest recorded earthquake in Kansas occurred northeast of Milan on 12 November 2014 (Mw 4.9) in a region previously devoid of significant seismic activity. Applying multistation processing to data from local stations, we are able to detail the rupture process and rupture geometry of the mainshock, identify the causative fault plane, and delineate the expansion and extent of the subsequent seismic activity. The earthquake followed rapid increases of fluid injection by multiple wastewater injection wells in the vicinity of the fault. The source parameters and behavior of the Milan earthquake and foreshock–aftershock sequence are similar to characteristics of other earthquakes induced by wastewater injection into permeable formations overlying crystalline basement. This earthquake also provides an opportunity to test the empirical relation that uses felt area to estimate moment magnitude for historical earthquakes for Kansas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220160100","usgsCitation":"Choy, G., Rubinstein, J.L., Yeck, W.L., McNamara, D.E., Mueller, C., and Boyd, O.S., 2016, A rare moderate‐sized (Mw 4.9) earthquake in Kansas: Rupture process of the Milan, Kansas, earthquake of 12 November 2014 and its relationship to fluid injection: Seismological Research Letters, v. 87, no. 6, p. 1433-1441, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160100.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1433","endPage":"1441","ipdsId":"IP-076956","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59882a94e4b05ba66e9ffdd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choy, George choy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choy","given":"George","email":"choy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubinstein, Justin L. 0000-0003-1274-6785 jrubinstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1274-6785","contributorId":2404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubinstein","given":"Justin","email":"jrubinstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yeck, William L. 0000-0002-2801-8873 wyeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8873","contributorId":147558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yeck","given":"William","email":"wyeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mueller, Charles 0000-0002-1868-9710 cmueller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1868-9710","contributorId":140380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"cmueller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyd, Oliver S. 0000-0001-9457-0407 olboyd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-0407","contributorId":140739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"Oliver","email":"olboyd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178375,"text":"70178375 - 2016 - Critical considerations for the application of environmental DNA methods to detect aquatic species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T10:25:57","indexId":"70178375","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Critical considerations for the application of environmental DNA methods to detect aquatic species","docAbstract":"Understanding how aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities respond to changes in climate is important for biodiversity conservation in the Prairie Pothole Region and other wetland-rich landscapes. We sampled macroinvertebrate communities of 162 wetlands and lakes previously sampled from 1966 to 1976, a much drier period compared to our 2012–2013 sampling timeframe. To identify possible influences of a changed climate and predation pressures on macroinvertebrates, we compared two predictors of aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities: ponded-water dissolved-ion concentration and vertebrate-predator presence/abundance. Further, we make inferences of how macroinvertebrate communities were structured during the drier period when the range of dissolved-ion concentrations was much greater and fish occurrence in aquatic habitats was rare. We found that aquatic-macroinvertebrate community structure was influenced by dissolved-ion concentrations through a complex combination of direct and indirect relationships. Ion concentrations also influenced predator occurrence and abundance, which indirectly affected macroinvertebrate communities. It is important to consider both abiotic and biotic gradients when predicting how invertebrate communities will respond to climate change. Generally, in the wetlands and lakes we studied, freshening of ponded water resulted in more homogenous communities than occurred during a much drier period when salinity range among sites was greater.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wetlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-016-0848-2","usgsCitation":"McLean, K.I., Mushet, D.M., Renton, D., and Stockwell, C., 2016, Aquatic-macroinvertebrate communities of Prairie-Pothole wetlands and lakes under a changed climate: Wetlands, v. 36, no. s2, p. 423-435, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-016-0848-2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"423","endPage":"435","ipdsId":"IP-071577","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"s2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582adb43e4b0c253bdfff094","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McLean, Kyle I. kmclean@usgs.gov","contributorId":147397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLean","given":"Kyle","email":"kmclean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renton, David A. drenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":138600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renton","given":"David A.","email":"drenton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stockwell, Craig A.","contributorId":55257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockwell","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70194308,"text":"70194308 - 2016 - Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T11:48:40","indexId":"70194308","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States","docAbstract":"Climate changes are expected to increase fire frequency, fire season length, and cumulative area burned in the western United States. We focus on the potential impact of mid-21st-century climate changes on annual burn probability, fire season length, and large fire characteristics including number and size for a study area in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Although large fires are rare they account for most of the area burned in western North America, burn under extreme weather conditions, and exhibit behaviors that preclude methods of direct control. Allocation of resources, development of management plans, and assessment of fire effects on ecosystems all require an understanding of when and where fires are likely to burn, particularly under altered climate regimes that may increase large fire occurrence. We used the large fire simulation model FSim to model ignition, growth, and containment of wildfires under two climate scenarios: contemporary (based on instrumental weather) and mid-century (based on an ensemble average of global climate models driven by the A1B SRES emissions scenario). Modeled changes in fire patterns include increased annual burn probability, particularly in areas of the study region with relatively short contemporary fire return intervals; increased individual fire size and annual area burned; and fewer years without large fires. High fire danger days, represented by threshold values of Energy Release Component (ERC), are projected to increase in number, especially in spring and fall, lengthening the climatic fire season. For fire managers, ERC is an indicator of fire intensity potential and fire economics, with higher ERC thresholds often associated with larger, more expensive fires. Longer periods of elevated ERC may significantly increase the cost and complexity of fire management activities, requiring new strategies to maintain desired ecological conditions and limit fire risk. Increased fire activity (within the historical range of frequency and severity, and depending on the extent to which ecosystems are adapted) may maintain or restore ecosystem functionality; however, in areas that are highly departed from historical fire regimes or where there is disequilibrium between climate and vegetation, ecosystems may be rapidly and persistently altered by wildfires, especially those that burn under extreme conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/ecs2.1543","usgsCitation":"Riley, K.L., and Loehman, R.A., 2016, Mid-21st-century climate changes increase predicted fire occurrence and fire season length, Northern Rocky Mountains, United States: Ecosphere, v. 7, no. 11, e01543; 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1543.","productDescription":"e01543; 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-076686","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.1543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":349271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho Panhandle National Forest, Nez Perce-Clearwater National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 45.058001435398275\n ],\n [\n -113.66455078125,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 48.980216985374994\n ],\n [\n -117.04833984375001,\n 45.058001435398275\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fc9ce4b06e28e9c24048","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riley, Karin L.","contributorId":169453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riley","given":"Karin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":25512,"text":"US Forest Service Fire Science Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":723212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loehman, Rachel A. 0000-0001-7680-1865 rloehman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-1865","contributorId":187605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loehman","given":"Rachel","email":"rloehman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":723211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185027,"text":"70185027 - 2016 - Annual elk calf survival in a multiple carnivore system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-14T13:33:17","indexId":"70185027","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual elk calf survival in a multiple carnivore system","docAbstract":"The realized effect of multiple carnivores on juvenile ungulate recruitment may depend on the carnivore assemblage as well as compensation from forage and winter weather severity, which may mediate juvenile vulnerability to predation in ungulates. We used a time-to-event approach to test for the effects of risk factors on annual elk (Cervus canadensis) calf survival and to estimate cause-specific mortality rates for 2 elk populations in adjacent study areas in the southern Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA, during 2011–2014. We captured and radio-tagged 286 elk calves: 226 neonates, and 60 6-month-old calves. Summer survival probability was less variable than winter (P = 0.12) and averaged 0.55 (95% CI = 0.47–0.63), whereas winter survival varied more than summer and significantly across study years (P = 0.003) and averaged 0.73 (95% CI = 0.64–0.81). During summer, elk calf survival increased with biomass of preferred forage biomass, and was slightly lower following winters with high precipitation; exposure to mountain lion (Puma concolor) predation risk was unimportant. In contrast, during winter, we found that exposure to mountain lion predation risk influenced survival, with a weak negative effect of winter precipitation. We found no evidence that forage availability or winter weather severity mediated vulnerability to mountain lion predation risk in summer or winter (e.g., an interaction), indicating that the effect of mountain lion predation was constant regardless of spatial variation in forage or weather. Mountain lions dominated known causes of elk calf mortality in summer and winter, with estimated cause-specific mortality rates of 0.14 (95% CI = 0.09–0.20) and 0.12 (95% CI = 0.07–0.18), respectively. The effect of carnivores on juvenile ungulate recruitment varies across ecological systems depending on relative carnivore densities. Mountain lions may be the most important carnivore for ungulates, especially where grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and wolves (Canis lupus) are rare or recovering. Finally, managers may need to reduce adult female harvest of elk as carnivores recolonize to balance carnivore and ungulate management objectives, especially in less productive habitats for elk.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21133","usgsCitation":"Eacker, D.R., Hebblewhite, M., Proffitt, K.M., Jimenez, B.S., Mitchell, M.S., and Robinson, H.S., 2016, Annual elk calf survival in a multiple carnivore system: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 8, p. 1345-1359, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21133.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1345","endPage":"1359","ipdsId":"IP-069785","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90125e4b0849ce97abccd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eacker, Daniel R.","contributorId":189250,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eacker","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hebblewhite, Mark","contributorId":69455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hebblewhite","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Proffitt, Kelly M.","contributorId":106783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Proffitt","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jimenez, Benjamin S.","contributorId":189251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jimenez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":684005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Robinson, Hugh S.","contributorId":139243,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":684233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70179079,"text":"70179079 - 2016 - Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T14:11:03","indexId":"70179079","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Do rivermouths alter nutrient and seston delivery to the nearshore?","docAbstract":"Late Cenozoic faulting and large-magnitude extension in the Great Basin of the western USA has created locally deep windows into the upper crust, permitting direct study of volcanic and plutonic rocks within individual calderas. The Caetano caldera in north–central Nevada, formed during the mid-Tertiary ignimbrite flare-up, offers one of the best exposed and most complete records of caldera magmatism. Integrating whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, isotope geochemistry and geochronology with field studies and geologic mapping, we define the petrologic evolution of the magmatic system that sourced the >1100 km3Caetano Tuff. The intra-caldera Caetano Tuff is up to ∼5 km thick, composed of crystal-rich (30–45 vol. %), high-silica rhyolite, overlain by a smaller volume of comparably crystal-rich, low-silica rhyolite. It defies classification as either a monotonous intermediate or crystal-poor zoned rhyolite, as commonly ascribed to ignimbrite eruptions. Crystallization modeling based on the observed mineralogy and major and trace element geochemistry demonstrates that the compositional zonation can be explained by liquid–cumulate evolution in the Caetano Tuff magma chamber, with the more evolved lower Caetano Tuff consisting of extracted liquids that continued to crystallize and mix in the upper part of the chamber following segregation from a cumulate-rich, and more heterogeneous, source mush. The latter is represented in the caldera stratigraphy by the less evolved upper Caetano Tuff. Whole-rock major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry, modal mineralogy and mineral chemistry, O, Sr, Nd and Pb isotope geochemistry, sanidine Ar–Ar geochronology, and zircon U–Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry provide robust evidence that the voluminous caldera intrusions (Carico Lake pluton and Redrock Canyon porphyry) are genetically equivalent to the least evolved Caetano Tuff and formed from magma that remained in the lower chamber after ignimbrite eruption and caldera collapse. Thus, the Caetano Tuff contradicts models for the mutually exclusive origins of voluminous volcanic and plutonic magmas in the upper crust. Crystal-scale O isotope data indicate that the Caetano Tuff is one of the most 18O-enriched rhyolites in the Great Basin (δ18Omagma = 10·2 ± 0·2‰), supporting anatexis of local metasedimentary basement crust. Metapelite xenoliths in the Carico Lake pluton and ubiquitous xenocrystic zircons in the Caetano Tuff provide constraints for the anatexis process; these data point to shallow (<15 km) dehydration melting of a protolith similar to the Proterozoic McCoy Creek Group siliciclastic sediments in eastern Nevada, projected beneath Caetano in fault-stacked shelf sediments that were thickened during Mesozoic crustal shortening. Mean zircon U–Pb ages for different stratigraphic levels of the intra-caldera Caetano Tuff are 34·2–34·5 Ma, 0·2–0·5 Myr older than the caldera sanidine 40Ar/39Ar age of 34·00 ± 0·03 Ma, documenting protracted duration of assembly and homogenization of isotopically diverse upper crustal melts, followed by crystallization and zonation to generate the Caetano Tuff magma chamber. Sanidine rims in the least evolved Caetano Tuff and in the Carico Lake pluton and Redrock Canyon porphyry have sharply zoned Ba domains that point to crystal growth during magmatic recharge events. The recharge magma is inferred to have been compositionally similar to the Caetano Tuff magma, with increased Ba resulting from remelting of Ba-rich sanidine cumulates. Mush reactivation to generate the Caetano Tuff eruption was sufficiently rapid to preserve compositional gradients in the intracaldera ignimbrite, calling into question models that predict homogeneity as a prerequisite for remobilizing crystal-rich ignimbrite magmas.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/petrology/egw051","usgsCitation":"Watts, K.E., John, D.A., Colgan, J.P., Henry, C., Bindeman, I.N., and Schmitt, A.K., 2016, Probing the volcanic-plutonic connection and the genesis of crystal-rich rhyolite in a deeply dissected supervolcano in the Nevada Great Basin: Source of the late Eocene Caetano Tuff: Journal of Petrology, v. 57, no. 8, p. 1599-1644, https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egw051.","productDescription":"46 p.","startPage":"1599","endPage":"1644","ipdsId":"IP-064750","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egw051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":329728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58088686e4b0f497e78e24b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watts, Kathryn E. 0000-0002-6110-7499 kwatts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6110-7499","contributorId":5081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kathryn","email":"kwatts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colgan, Joseph P. 0000-0001-6671-1436 jcolgan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-1436","contributorId":1649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colgan","given":"Joseph","email":"jcolgan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Henry, Christopher D.","contributorId":175501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"Christopher D.","affiliations":[{"id":6689,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bindeman, Ilya N.","contributorId":175500,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bindeman","given":"Ilya","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmitt, Axel K.","contributorId":127614,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Axel","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70177061,"text":"70177061 - 2016 - Biomarkers reveal sea turtles remained in oiled areas following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-18T10:37:08","indexId":"70177061","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biomarkers reveal sea turtles remained in oiled areas following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill","docAbstract":"Assessments of large-scale disasters, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, are problematic because while measurements of post-disturbance conditions are common, measurements of pre-disturbance baselines are only rarely available. Without adequate observations of pre-disaster organismal and environmental conditions, it is impossible to assess the impact of such catastrophes on animal populations and ecological communities. Here, we use long-term biological tissue records to provide pre-disaster data for a vulnerable marine organism. Keratin samples from the carapace of loggerhead sea turtles record the foraging history for up to 18 years, allowing us to evaluate the effect of the oil spill on sea turtle foraging patterns. Samples were collected from 76 satellite-tracked adult loggerheads in 2011 and 2012, approximately one to two years after the spill. Of the 10 individuals that foraged in areas exposed to surface oil, none demonstrated significant changes in foraging patterns post spill. The observed long-term fidelity to foraging sites indicates that loggerheads in the northern Gulf of Mexico likely remained in established foraging sites, regardless of the introduction of oil and chemical dispersants. More research is needed to address potential long-term health consequences to turtles in this region. Mobile marine organisms present challenges for researchers to monitor effects of environmental disasters, both spatially and temporally. We demonstrate that biological tissues can reveal long-term histories of animal behavior and provide critical pre-disaster baselines following an anthropogenic disturbance or natural disaster.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/eap.1366","usgsCitation":"Vander Zanden, H.B., Bolten, A.B., Tucker, A.D., Hart, K.M., Lamont, M.M., Fujisaki, I., Reich, K.J., Addison, D.S., Mansfield, K.L., Phillips, K.F., Pajuelo, M., and Bjorndal, K.A., 2016, Biomarkers reveal sea turtles remained in oiled areas following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Ecological Applications, v. 26, no. 7, p. 2145-2155, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1366.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2155","ipdsId":"IP-067050","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://stars.library.ucf.edu/scopus2015/2884","text":"External Repository"},{"id":329660,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5807351be4b0841e59e288a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vander Zanden, Hannah B.","contributorId":138885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"Hannah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12562,"text":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah; Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolten, Alan B.","contributorId":20247,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolten","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12567,"text":"Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Department of Biology, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tucker, Anton D.","contributorId":79232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tucker","given":"Anton","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":38359,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Reich, Kimberly J.","contributorId":175452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reich","given":"Kimberly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Addison, David S.","contributorId":138886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Addison","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12563,"text":"Conservancy of Southwest Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mansfield, Katherine L.","contributorId":138887,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mansfield","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12564,"text":"Department of Biology, University of Central Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Phillips, Katrina F.","contributorId":138888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phillips","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12565,"text":"Rosenstiel School of Atomospheric Science, University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Pajuelo, Mariela","contributorId":138890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pajuelo","given":"Mariela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12567,"text":"Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Department of Biology, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Bjorndal, Karen A.","contributorId":96997,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bjorndal","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12567,"text":"Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, Department of Biology, University of Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":651186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70175979,"text":"sir20165126 - 2016 - Geologic framework, age, and lithologic characteristics of the North Park Formation in North Park, north-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T09:30:47","indexId":"sir20165126","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-5126","title":"Geologic framework, age, and lithologic characteristics of the North Park Formation in North Park, north-central Colorado","docAbstract":"Deposits of the North Park Formation of late Oligocene and Miocene age are locally exposed at small, widely spaced outcrops along the margins of the roughly northwest-trending North Park syncline in the southern part of North Park, a large intermontane topographic basin in Jackson County in north-central Colorado. These outcrops suggest that rocks and sediments of the North Park Formation consist chiefly of poorly consolidated sand, weakly cemented sandstone, and pebbly sandstone; subordinate amounts of pebble conglomerate; minor amounts of cobbly pebble gravel, siltstone, and sandy limestone; and rare beds of cobble conglomerate and altered tuff. These deposits partly filled North Park as well as a few small nearby valleys and half grabens. In North Park, deposits of the North Park Formation probably once formed a broad and relatively thick sedimentary apron composed chiefly of alluvial slope deposits (mostly sheetwash and stream-channel alluvium) that extended, over a distance of at least 150 kilometers (km), northwestward from the Never Summer Mountains and northward from the Rabbit Ears Range across North Park and extended farther northwestward into the valley of the North Platte River slightly north of the Colorado-Wyoming border. The maximum preserved thickness of the formation in North Park is about 550 meters near the southeastern end of the North Park syncline.
The deposition of the North Park Formation was coeval in part with local volcanism, extensional faulting, development of half grabens, and deposition of the Browns Park Formation and Troublesome Formation and was accompanied by post-Laramide regional epeirogenic uplift. Regional deposition of extensive eolian sand sheets and loess deposits, coeval with the deposition of the North Park Formation, suggests that semiarid climatic conditions prevailed during the deposition of the North Park Formation during the late Oligocene and Miocene.
The North Park Formation locally contains a 28.1-mega-annum (Ma, million years ago) ash-flow tuff near its base at Owl Ridge and is interbedded with 29-Ma rhyodacite lava flows and volcanic breccia at Owl Mountain. The formation locally contains vertebrate fossils at least as young as Barstovian age (about 15.9–12.6 Ma) and overlies rocks as young as the White River Formation, which contains vertebrate fossils of Chadronian age (about 37–33.8 Ma) in North Park and a bed of 36.0-Ma volcanic ash in the upper part of the Laramie River valley about 30 km northeast of Walden, Colorado. Based on the ages of the vertebrate fossils, folding of the rocks and sediments in the North Park syncline may be much younger than about 16 Ma.
Bedding characteristics of the North Park Formation suggest that (1) some or much of the sand, sandstone, and pebbly sandstone may have been deposited as sheetwash alluvium; (2) much of the siltstone may have been deposited as sheetwash alluvium or ephemeral pond or marsh deposits; (3) beds of sandy limestone probably were deposited as ephemeral pond or marsh deposits; and (4) altered tuff probably was deposited in ephemeral ponds or marshes. Most of the conglomerate and gravel in the North Park Formation are stream-channel deposits that were deposited by high-energy ephemeral or intermittent streams that issued from volcanic terrain rather than debris-flow deposits in relatively near-source fan deposits dominated by sediment gravity flow. Laccolithic doming, uplift, and tilting in the Never Summer Mountains near the Mount Richthofen stock, as well as the formation of volcanic edifices in the Never Summer Mountains and the Rabbit Ears Range during the late Oligocene and Miocene, significantly steepened stream gradients and greatly increased the erosive power and transport capacity of streams that transported large rock fragments and finer sediment eroded from volcanic and sedimentary sources and deposited them in the North Park Formation.
Much of the material that makes up the rocks and sediments of the North Park Formation was derived from the erosion of volcanic, intrusive, and sedimentary rocks. Clasts in the North Park Formation were derived chiefly from the erosion of volcanic and intrusive igneous rocks of late Oligocene and Miocene age that range in composition from rhyolite to trachybasalt. These rocks are locally exposed along the west flank of the Never Summer Mountains, the north flank of the Rabbit Ears Range, and the east flank of the Park Range at and near Rabbit Ears Peak. The minor amount of igneous and metamorphic clasts of Proterozoic age in the North Park Formation are commonly composed of durable rock types that are resistant to both physical and chemical weathering. Many of these clasts may have been derived from the erosion of conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone in the Coalmont Formation rather than from basement rocks currently at or near the ground surface in the Never Summer Mountains. Much of the sand and finer grained particles in the North Park Formation probably were derived from the erosion of sandstone, shale, and sandy claystone of the Coalmont Formation. Likewise, much of the abundant sand-sized quartz and feldspar in sand, sandstone, and pebbly sandstone of the North Park Formation probably was derived from the erosion of sandstone, conglomeratic sandstone, and conglomerate of the Coalmont Formation. Some of the fine sand, very fine sand, and silt in very fine grained sandstone and siltstone of the North Park Formation may be derived from the erosion of coeval eolian sand and loess in the Browns Park Formation that was transported across the Park Range by westerly or southwesterly winds.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20165126","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R.R., 2016, Geologic framework, age, and lithologic characteristics of the North Park Formation in North Park, north-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5126, 28 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165126.","productDescription":"v, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059910","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329640,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5126/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":329637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2016/5126/sir20165126.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2016–5126"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"North Park Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.45820617675781,\n 40.558156335842106\n ],\n [\n -106.45820617675781,\n 40.689229364982054\n ],\n [\n -106.19453430175781,\n 40.689229364982054\n ],\n [\n -106.19453430175781,\n 40.558156335842106\n ],\n [\n -106.45820617675781,\n 40.558156335842106\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Center Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
In 2001, a rare swarm of small, shallow earthquakes beneath the city of Spokane, Washington, caused ground shaking as well as audible booms over a five‐month period. Subsequent Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data analysis revealed an area of surface uplift in the vicinity of the earthquake swarm. To investigate the potential faults that may have caused both the earthquakes and the topographic uplift, we collected ∼3 km of high‐resolution seismic‐reflection profiles to image the upper‐source region of the swarm. The two profiles reveal a complex deformational pattern within Quaternary alluvial, fluvial, and flood deposits, underlain by Tertiary basalts and basin sediments. At least 100 m of arching on a basalt surface in the upper 500 m is interpreted from both the seismic profiles and magnetic modeling. Two west‐dipping faults deform Quaternary sediments and project to the surface near the location of the Spokane fault defined from modeling of the InSAR data.
","language":"English","publisher":" Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120150295","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J., Wicks, C.W., Pratt, T.L., and Blakely, R.J., 2016, Seismic imaging beneath an InSAR anomaly in eastern Washington State: Shallow faulting associated with an earthquake swarm in a low-hazard area: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 106, no. 4, p. 1461-1469, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120150295.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1461","endPage":"1469","ipdsId":"IP-074071","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","volume":"106","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58106f98e4b0f497e7961115","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wicks, Charles W. Jr. 0000-0002-0809-1328 cwicks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-1328","contributorId":127701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"Charles","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cwicks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blakely, Richard J. 0000-0003-1701-5236 blakely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":1540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"Richard","email":"blakely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176895,"text":"70176895 - 2016 - Coastal deposits of heavy mineral sands; Global significance and US resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-12T11:18:40","indexId":"70176895","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coastal deposits of heavy mineral sands; Global significance and US resources","docAbstract":"Ancient and modern coastal deposits of heavy mineral sands (HMS) are the principal source of several heavy industrial minerals, with mining and processing operations on every continent except Antarctica. For example, HMS deposits are the main source of titanium feedstock for the titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments industry, obtained from the minerals ilmenite (Fe2+TiO3), rutile (TiO2) and leucoxene (an alteration product of ilmenite). HMS deposits are also the principal source of zircon (ZrSiO4), from which zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) is obtained for uses mostly in refractory products. Sometimes monazite [(Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4] is recovered as a byproduct mineral, sought for its rare earth elements and thorium (Ault and others, 2016; Sengupta and Van Gosen, 2016; Van Gosen and Tulsidas, 2016).
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Van Gosen, B.S., Bleiwas, D.I., Bedinger, G.M., Ellefsen, K.J., and Shah, A.K., 2016, Coastal deposits of heavy mineral sands; Global significance and US resources: Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 10, p. 36-43.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-078177","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329483,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=6799&page=36"}],"volume":"68","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe679ce4b0824b2d143709","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bleiwas, Donald I. bleiwas@usgs.gov","contributorId":1434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bleiwas","given":"Donald","email":"bleiwas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bedinger, George M. gbedinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":4567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"George","email":"gbedinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellefsen, Karl J. 0000-0003-3075-4703 ellefsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3075-4703","contributorId":789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellefsen","given":"Karl","email":"ellefsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":82803,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":650639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shah, Anjana K. 0000-0002-3198-081X ashah@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3198-081X","contributorId":2297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shah","given":"Anjana","email":"ashah@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70178722,"text":"70178722 - 2016 - Nannoplankton malformation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and its paleoecological and paleoceanographic significance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-06T12:40:18","indexId":"70178722","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nannoplankton malformation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and its paleoecological and paleoceanographic significance","docAbstract":"The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is characterized by a transient group of nannoplankton, belonging to the genus Discoaster. Our investigation of expanded shelf sections provides unprecedented detail of the morphology and phylogeny of the transient Discoasterduring the PETM and their relationship with environmental change. We observe a much larger range of morphological variation than previously documented suggesting that the taxa belonged to a plexus of highly gradational morphotypes rather than individual species. We propose that the plexus represents malformed ecophenotypes of a single species that migrated to a deep photic zone refuge during the height of PETM warming and eutrophication. Anomalously, high rates of organic matter remineralization characterized these depths during the event and led to lower saturation levels, which caused malformation. The proposed mechanism explains the co-occurrence of malformed Discoaster with pristine species that grew in the upper photic zone; moreover, it illuminates why malformation is a rare phenomenon in the paleontological record.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1002/2016PA002980","usgsCitation":"Bralower, T., and Self-Trail, J., 2016, Nannoplankton malformation during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and its paleoecological and paleoceanographic significance: Paleoceanography, v. 31, no. 10, p. 1423-1439, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016PA002980.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1423","endPage":"1439","ipdsId":"IP-074908","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331560,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5847dc7de4b06d80b7af6ab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bralower, Timothy J.","contributorId":177196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bralower","given":"Timothy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Self-Trail, Jean 0000-0002-3018-4985 jstrail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3018-4985","contributorId":147370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Self-Trail","given":"Jean","email":"jstrail@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193041,"text":"70193041 - 2016 - Comparative use of side and main channels by small-bodied fish in a large, unimpounded river","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T16:39:50","indexId":"70193041","displayToPublicDate":"2016-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative use of side and main channels by small-bodied fish in a large, unimpounded river","docAbstract":"Bridge-scour equations presented in the Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular No. 18 reflect the current state-of-the practice for predicting scour at bridges. Although these laboratory-derived equations provide an important resource for assessing scour potential, there is a measure of uncertainty when applying these equations to field conditions. The uncertainty and limitations have been acknowledged by laboratory researchers and confirmed in field investigations.
Because of the uncertainty associated with bridge-scour equations, HEC-18 recommends that engineers evaluate the computed scour depths obtained from the equations and modify the resulting data if they appear unreasonable. Perhaps the best way to evaluate the reasonableness of predicted scour is to compare it to field measurements of historic scour. Historic field data show scour depths resulting from high flows and provide a reference for evaluating predicted scour. It is rare, however, that such data are available at or near a site of interest, making the evaluation of predicted scour as compared to field data difficult if not impossible. Realizing the value of historic scour measurements, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT), conducted a series of three field investigations to collect historic scour data with the goal of understanding regional trends of scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.
Historic scour measurements, including measurements of clear-water abutment, contraction, and pier scour, as well as live-bed contraction and pier scour, were made at more than 200 bridges. These field investigations provided valuable insights into regional scour trends and yielded regional bridge-scour envelope curves that can be used as supplementary tools for assessing all components of scour at riverine bridges in South Carolina.
The application and limitations of these envelope curves were documented in four reports. Because each report addresses different components of bridge scour, it was recognized that there was a need to develop an integrated procedure for applying the envelope curves to help assess scour potential at riverine bridges in South Carolina. The result of that effort is detailed in Benedict and others (2016) and summarized in this fact sheet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20163065","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Benedict, S.T., Feaster, T.D., and Caldwell, A.W., 2016, Assessing potential scour using the South Carolina bridge-scour envelope curves: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2016-3065, 2 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/fs20163065.","productDescription":"2 p. 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
720 Gracern Road, Suite 129
Columbia, SC 29210
http://sc.water.usgs.gov/
Effective conservation of rare species requires an understanding of how potential threats affect population dynamics. Unfortunately, information about population demographics prior to threats (i.e., baseline data) is lacking for many species. Perturbations, caused by climate change, disease, or other stressors can lead to population declines and heightened conservation concerns. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) have undergone rangewide declines due mostly to the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), with only a few sizable populations remaining in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA, that are disease-free. Despite the apparent region-wide occurrence of Bd, our focal populations in central Colorado were disease free over a 14-year capture-mark-recapture study until the recent discovery of Bd at one of the sites. We used recapture data and the Pradel reverse-time model to assess the influence of environmental and site-specific conditions on survival and recruitment. We then forecast changes in the toad populations with 2 growth models; one using an average lambda value to initiate the projection, and one using the most recent value to capture potential effects of the incursion of disease into the system. Adult survival was consistently high at the 3 sites, whereas recruitment was more variable and markedly low at 1 site. We found that active season moisture, active season length, and breeding shallows were important factors in estimating recruitment. Population growth models indicated a slight increase at 1 site but decreasing trends at the 2 other sites, possibly influenced by low recruitment. Insight into declining species management can be gained from information on survival and recruitment and how site-specific environmental factors influence these demographic parameters. Our data are particularly useful because they provide baseline data on demographics in populations before a disease outbreak and enhance our ability to detect changes in population parameters potentially caused by the disease.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.21118","usgsCitation":"Lambert, B.A., Schorr, R.A., Schneider, S.C., and Muths, E.L., 2016, Influence of demography and environment on persistence in toad populations: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 80, no. 7, p. 1256-1266, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21118.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1256","endPage":"1266","ipdsId":"IP-068989","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63ce4b0bc0bec09c84e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Brad A.","contributorId":173020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lambert","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schorr, Robert A.","contributorId":105239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schorr","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Scott C.","contributorId":174943,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schneider","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muths, Erin L. 0000-0002-5498-3132 muthse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-3132","contributorId":1260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"Erin","email":"muthse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70177016,"text":"70177016 - 2016 - Post-release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-14T12:37:49","indexId":"70177016","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":774,"text":"Animal Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme","docAbstract":"Mammalian reintroduction programmes frequently aim to reconnect isolated sub-populations and restore population viability. However, these long-term objectives are rarely evaluated due to the inadequacy of post-release monitoring. Here, we report the results of a unique long term telemetry-based monitoring programme for rehabilitated Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus) reintroduced into selected sites in northeast Brazil with the aim of reconnecting isolated relict populations. Twenty-one satellite-tagged rehabilitated manatees, 13 males and 8 females, were released into the wild from two sites between November 2008 and June 2013. Individual accumulation curves were plotted and home ranges were calculated through the fixed kernel method using 95% of the utilization distribution. The number and size of the Centres of Activity (COAs) were calculated using 50% of the utilization distribution. Manatees displayed a dichotomous pattern of movement, with individuals either characterized by sedentary habits or by much more extensive movements. Moreover, home range size was not significantly influenced by gender, age at release or release site. COAs were strongly associated with sheltered conditions within reefs and estuaries, and also by the presence of freshwater and feeding sites. Our data confirm that manatee reintroductions in Brazil have the potential to reconnect distant sub-populations. However, pre-release identification of potential long-distance migrants is currently unfeasible, and further analysis would be required to confirm genetic mixing of distant sub-populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/acv.12236","collaboration":"Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Brazil; Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil; Oxford University, UK","usgsCitation":"Normande, I.C., Malhado, A.C., Reid, J.P., Viana, P., Savaget, P.V., Correia, R.A., Luna, F.O., and Ladle, R.J., 2016, Post-release monitoring of Antillean manatees: an assessment of the Brazilian rehabilitation and release programme: Animal Conservation, v. 19, no. 3, p. 235-246, https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12236.","productDescription":"11 p. 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M.","contributorId":175383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malhado","given":"Ana","email":"","middleInitial":"C. M.","affiliations":[{"id":27564,"text":"Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, James P. 0000-0002-8497-1132 jreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-1132","contributorId":3460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"James","email":"jreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":650983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Viana, P.C.","contributorId":175384,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Viana","given":"P.C.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27563,"text":"National Research Centre for the Conservation of Aquatic Mammals, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Savaget, P. V. S.","contributorId":175385,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Savaget","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"V. S.","affiliations":[{"id":27563,"text":"National Research Centre for the Conservation of Aquatic Mammals, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Correia, R. A.","contributorId":175386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Correia","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":27564,"text":"Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Luna, F. O.","contributorId":175387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Luna","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":27563,"text":"National Research Centre for the Conservation of Aquatic Mammals, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ladle, R. J.","contributorId":175388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ladle","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":27564,"text":"Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":650990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70176532,"text":"70176532 - 2016 - Freshwater polychaetes (Manayunkia speciosa) near the Detroit River, western Lake Erie: Abundance and life‐history characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T11:25:11","indexId":"70176532","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-20T17:40:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Freshwater polychaetes (Manayunkia speciosa) near the Detroit River, western Lake Erie: Abundance and life‐history characteristics","docAbstract":"Freshwater polychaetes are relatively rare and little-studied members of the benthos of lakes and rivers. We studied one polychaete species (Manayunkia speciosa) in Lake Erie near the mouth of the Detroit River. Abundances at one site were determined between 1961 and 2013 and life‐history characteristics at two sites were determined seasonally (March–November) in 2009–2010 and 2012–2013. Life‐history characteristics included abundances, length‐frequency distributions, presence/absence of constructed tubes, sexual maturity, and number and maturation of young of year (YOY) in tubes. Long-term abundances decreased in successive time periods between 1961 and 2003 (mean range = 57,570 to 2583/m2) but few changes occurred between 2003 and 2013 (mean = 5007/m2; range/y = 2355–8216/m2). Seasonal abundances varied substantially between sites and years, but overall, abundances were low in March–April, high in May–August, and low in September–November. Although reproduction was continuous throughout warmer months, en masse recruitment, as revealed by length–frequency distributions, occurred in a brief period late‐June to mid-July, and possibly in early-September. All life history characteristics, including tube construction, were dependent on water temperatures (> 5 °C in spring and < 15 °C in fall). These results generally agree with and complement laboratory studies of M. speciosa in the Pacific Northwest where M. speciosa hosts parasites that cause substantial fish mortalities. Although abundance ofM. speciosa near the mouth of the Detroit River was 33-fold lower in 2013 than it was in 1961, this population has persisted for five decades and, therefore, has the potential to harbor parasites that may cause fish mortalities in the Great Lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.006","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Malakauskas, D.M., and Malakauskas, S.J., 2016, Freshwater polychaetes (Manayunkia speciosa) near the Detroit River, western Lake Erie: Abundance and life‐history characteristics: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 42, no. 5, p. 1070-1083, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2016.07.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1070","endPage":"1083","ipdsId":"IP-068959","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.26812744140625,\n 41.96919079421467\n ],\n [\n -83.26812744140625,\n 42.10739254393655\n ],\n [\n -83.00308227539062,\n 42.10739254393655\n ],\n [\n -83.00308227539062,\n 41.96919079421467\n ],\n [\n -83.26812744140625,\n 41.96919079421467\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c63de4b0bc0bec09c874","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malakauskas, David M.","contributorId":43247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malakauskas","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malakauskas, Sarah J.","contributorId":150991,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malakauskas","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":18158,"text":"Francis Marion Uinversity","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":649132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176480,"text":"ofr20161162 - 2016 - Genetic diversity and population structure in the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly (Speyeria zerene hippolyta) in western Oregon and northwestern California— Implications for future translocations and the establishment of new populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T15:35:36","indexId":"ofr20161162","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2016-1162","title":"Genetic diversity and population structure in the threatened Oregon silverspot butterfly (Speyeria zerene hippolyta) in western Oregon and northwestern California— Implications for future translocations and the establishment of new populations","docAbstract":"We present results of population genetic analyses performed on Oregon silverspot butterflies (OSB; Speyeria zerene hippolyta) in western Oregon and northwestern California. We used DNA sequences from a 561-base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for a dataset comprised of 112 S. z. hippolyta and 32 S. z. gloriosa individuals collected at 9 locations in western Oregon and northwestern California. The most pertinent findings thus far are summarized as follows:
Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
777 NW 9th St., Suite 400
Corvallis, Oregon 97330
http://fresc.usgs.gov/
Determining the success of invasive species eradication efforts is challenging because populations at very low abundance are difficult to detect. Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has recently emerged as a powerful tool for detecting rare aquatic animals; however, detectable fragments of DNA can persist over time despite absence of the targeted taxa and can therefore complicate eDNA sampling after an eradication event. This complication is a large concern for fish eradication efforts in lakes since killed fish can sink to the bottom and slowly decay. DNA released from these carcasses may remain detectable for long periods. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of eDNA sampling to detect invasive Northern pike (Esox lucius) following piscicide eradication efforts in southcentral Alaskan lakes. We used field observations and experiments to test the sensitivity of our Northern pike eDNA assay and to evaluate the persistence of detectable DNA emitted from Northern pike carcasses. We then used eDNA sampling and traditional sampling (i.e., gillnets) to test for presence of Northern pike in four lakes subjected to a piscicide-treatment designed to eradicate this species. We found that our assay could detect an abundant, free-roaming population of Northern pike and could also detect low-densities of Northern pike held in cages. For these caged Northern pike, probability of detection decreased with distance from the cage. We then stocked three lakes with Northern pike carcasses and collected eDNA samples 7, 35 and 70 days post-stocking. We detected DNA at 7 and 35 days, but not at 70 days. Finally, we collected eDNA samples ~ 230 days after four lakes were subjected to piscicide-treatments and detected Northern pike DNA in 3 of 179 samples, with a single detection at each of three lakes, though we did not catch any Northern pike in gillnets. Taken together, we found that eDNA can help to inform eradication efforts if used in conjunction with multiple lines of inquiry and sampling is delayed long enough to allow full degradation of DNA in the water.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0162277","usgsCitation":"Dunker, K.J., Sepulveda, A.J., Massengill, R.L., Olsen, J.B., Russ, O.L., Wenburg, J.K., and Antonovich, A., 2016, Potential of environmental DNA to evaluate Northern pike (Esox lucius) eradication efforts: An experimental test and case study: PLoS ONE, v. 11, no. 9, e0162277; 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162277.","productDescription":"e0162277; 21 p.","ipdsId":"IP-074321","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":470569,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328659,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57da66a5e4b090824ffb164a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunker, Kristine J.","contributorId":38864,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunker","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6770,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Division of Commercial Fish, Soldotna, AK 99669","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sepulveda, Adam J. 0000-0001-7621-7028 asepulveda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7621-7028","contributorId":150628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sepulveda","given":"Adam","email":"asepulveda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Massengill, Robert L.","contributorId":174630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massengill","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olsen, Jeffrey B.","contributorId":174632,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olsen","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, Ora L.","contributorId":174633,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wenburg, John K.","contributorId":174634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenburg","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5128,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Antonovich, Anton","contributorId":174631,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Antonovich","given":"Anton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176356,"text":"70176356 - 2016 - Genetic analysis shows that morphology alone cannot distinguish asian carp eggs from those of other cyprinid species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-16T11:45:55","indexId":"70176356","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2016","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic analysis shows that morphology alone cannot distinguish asian carp eggs from those of other cyprinid species","docAbstract":"Fish eggs and embryos (hereafter collectively referred to as “eggs”) were collected in the upper Mississippi River main stem (~300 km upstream of previously reported spawning by invasive Asian carp) during summer 2013. Based on previously published morphological characteristics, the eggs were identified as belonging to Asian carp. A subsample of the eggs was subsequently analyzed by using molecular methods to determine species identity. Genetic identification using the cytochrome-c oxidase 1 gene was attempted for a total of 41 eggs. Due to the preservation technique used (formalin) and the resulting DNA degradation, sequences were recovered from only 17 individual eggs. In all 17 cases, cyprinids other than Asian carp (usually Notropis sp.) were identified as the most likely species. In previously published reports, a key characteristic that distinguished Asian carp eggs from those of other cyprinids was size: Asian carp eggs exhibited diameters ranging from 4.0 to 6.0 mm and were thought to be much larger than the otherwise similar eggs of native species. Eggs from endemic cyprinids were believed to rarely reach 3.0 mm and had not been observed to exceed 3.3 mm. However, many of the eggs that were genetically identified as originating from native cyprinids were as large as 4.0 mm in diameter (at early developmental stages) and were therefore large enough to over- lap with the lower end of the size range observed for Asian carp eggs. Researchers studying the egg stages of Asian carp and other cyprinids should plan on preserving subsets of eggs for genetic analysis to confirm morphological identifications.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2016.1185057","usgsCitation":"Larson, J.H., McCalla, S.G., Chapman, D., Rees, C.B., Knights, B.C., Vallazza, J.M., George, A.E., Richardson, W.B., and Amberg, J., 2016, Genetic analysis shows that morphology alone cannot distinguish asian carp eggs from those of other cyprinid species: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 36, no. 5, p. 1053-1058, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2016.1185057.","productDescription":"5 p. 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Much of the REY data available are decades old and incomplete, and there has not been a systematic study of REY distributions in marine phosphorite deposits that formed over a range of oceanic environments. Consequently, we initiated this study to determine if marine phosphorite deposits found in the global ocean host REY concentrations of high enough grade to be of economic interest. This paper addresses continental-margin (CM) and open-ocean seamount phosphorites. All 75 samples analyzed are composed predominantly of carbonate fluorapatite and minor detrital and authigenic minerals. CM phosphorites have low total REY contents (mean 161 ppm) and high heavy REY (HREY) complements (mean 49%), while seamount phosphorites have 4–6 times higher individual REY contents (except for Ce, which is subequal; mean ΣREY 727 ppm), and very high HREY complements (mean 60%). The predominant causes of higher concentrations and larger HREY complements in seamount phosphorites compared to CM phosphorites are age, changes in seawater REY concentrations over time, water depth of formation, changes in pH and complexing ligands, and differences in organic carbon content in the depositional environments. Potential ore deposits with high HREY complements, like the marine phosphorites analyzed here, could help supply the HREY needed for high-tech and green-tech applications without creating an oversupply of the LREY.
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