{"pageNumber":"52","pageRowStart":"1275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":1766,"records":[{"id":28927,"text":"wri954282 - 1996 - Water and bed-material quality of selected streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1988-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T12:15:15","indexId":"wri954282","displayToPublicDate":"1997-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4282","title":"Water and bed-material quality of selected streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1988-94","docAbstract":"The Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project was formed by a consortium of local governments and governmental agencies in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey to supplement existing data on conventional pollutants, nutrients, and metals to enable eventual determination of long-term trends; to examine spatial differences among water supplies within the region, especially differences between smaller upland sources, large multipurpose reservoirs, and run-of-river supplies; to provide tributary loading inlake data for predictive modeling of Falls of the Neuse and B. Everett Jordan reservoirs; and to establish a database for synthetic organic compounds.\r\n\r\nWater-quality sampling began in October 1988 at 35 sites located on area run-of-river and reservoir water supplies and their tributaries. Sampling has continued through 1994. Samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, trace metals, pesticides, and semivolatile and volatile organic compounds. Monthly concentration data, high-flow concentration data, and data on daily mean streamflow at most stream sites were used to calculate loadings of nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended sediment, and trace metals to reservoirs.\r\n\r\nStream and lake sites were assigned to one of five site categories-- (1) rivers, (2) large multipurpose reservoirs, (3) small water-supply reservoirs, (4) streams below urban areas and wastewater-treatment plants, and (5) headwater streams--according to general site characteristics. Concentrations of nitrogen species, phosphorus species, and selected trace metals were compared by site category using nonparametric analysis of variance techniques and qualitatively (trace metals). Wastewater-treatment plant effluents and urban runoff had a significant impact on water quality compared to reservoirs and headwater streams. Streams draining these areas had more mineralized water than streams draining undeveloped areas. Moreover, median nitrogen and nitrite plus nitrate concentrations were significantly greater than all other site categories. Phosphorus was significantly greater than for reservoir sites or headwater streams. Few concentrations of trace metals were greater than the minimum reporting limit, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards were rarely exceeded. Detections, when they occurred, were most frequent for sites below urban areas and wastewater-treatment plant effluents.\r\n\r\nA small number of samples for analysis of acetanilide, triazine, carbamate, and chlorophenoxy acid pesticides indicate that some of these compounds are generally present in area waters in small concentrations. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides are ubiquitous in the study area in very small concentrations. Trihalomethanes were detected at sites below urban areas and wastewater-treatment plants. Otherwise, volatile organic compounds and semivolatile compounds were generally not detected.\r\n\r\nSuspended-sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, lead, and zinc loads into Falls Lake, Jordan Lake, University Lake, Cane Creek Reservoir, Little River Reservoir, and Lake Michie were calculated. In general, reservoirs act as traps for suspended sediment and constituents associated with suspended sediments.\r\n\r\nDuring 1989-94, annual suspended-sediment load to Falls Lake ranged from 29,500 to 88,200 tons. Because Lake Michie trapped from 83 to 93 percent of the suspended sediment delivered by Flat River, Flat River is a minor contributor of suspended sediment to Falls Lake. Yields of suspended sediment from Little River, Little Lick Creek, and Flat River Basins were between 184 and 223 tons per square mile and appear to have increased increased slightly from yields reported in a study for the period 1970-79. Annual suspended-sediment load to Jordan Lake ranged from 271,000 to 622,000 tons from 1989 through 1994 water years. The Haw River contributed more than 75 percent of the tota load to Jordan Lake. The suspended-sediment yields for Haw River and Northeast Cree","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri954282","usgsCitation":"Oblinger, C.J., and Treece, M., 1996, Water and bed-material quality of selected streams and reservoirs in the Research Triangle area of North Carolina, 1988-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4282, v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954282.","productDescription":"v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57800,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4282/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4282/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Upper Cape Fear River 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C. J.","contributorId":21554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oblinger","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Treece, M.W. Jr.","contributorId":60255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Treece","given":"M.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29505,"text":"wri964231 - 1996 - Ground-water quality in the western part of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-22T12:55:41","indexId":"wri964231","displayToPublicDate":"1997-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4231","title":"Ground-water quality in the western part of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water samples were collected during the summer of 1995 from 29 wells in the western part of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages study unit of the National-Water Quality Assessment Program. Analyses of ground-water samples from these wells were used to provide an indication of waterquality conditions in this heavily used part of the aquifer.</p>\n<p>Ground-water samples from domestic, institutional, and public-supply wells were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), radon-222, and tritium, as well as field measurements of temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and bicarbonate. The results of water-quality analyses indicate that the presence of the Maquoketa-Sinnipee confining unit has an important effect on the ground-water quality in the study area. Where the study area is overlain by the confining unit (that is, where it is regionally confined) sampled water was older (based on tritium analyses) and often contained relatively high concentrations of dissolved solids, up to 2,800 mg/L. Additionally, contaminants such as nitrate and pesticides were typically detected at lower concentrations and detected less frequently in samples from the regionally confined part of the study area.</p>\n<p>The dominant ions in samples from the study area were calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate which resulted from the dissolution of carbonate minerals such as dolomite and calcite. Sulfate was also a dominant ion in water from some of the deeper wells in the regionally confined part of the study area.</p>\n<p>Radon-222 was detected in all samples and 66 percent (19 of 29) had concentrations that exceed the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) proposed maximum concentration level of 300 pCi/L. Concentrations greater than 300 pCi/L were detected in samples from wells throughout most of the study area except the southwest. The higher concentrations were found in samples from a variety of geohydrologic conditions and do not appear to correlate to a particular formation or location.</p>\n<p>Dissolved nitrate and ammonium were the most commonly detected nutrients. Dissolved nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in ground-water samples from the regionally unconfined part of the study area. The highest concentrations were detected in samples from the agricultural southwestern part of the study area from relatively shallow wells that produced modern water. Dissolved ammonium concentrations were significantly higher in samples from the regionally confined part of the study area and probably resulted from nitrate reduction.</p>\n<p>Seven pesticides or metabolites were detected in ground-water samples, and at least one pesticide was detected in samples from 24 percent (7 of 29) of wells. Most of the pesticides were detected at low concentrations and were from wells in the regionally unconfined, agricultural, southwest part of the study area. Atrazine was the most commonly detected pesticide and was typically detected in samples from wells that produced modern water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964231","usgsCitation":"Saad, D.A., 1996, Ground-water quality in the western part of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4231, vii, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964231.","productDescription":"vii, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58349,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4231/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.484375,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9130859375,\n              46.28622391806708\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.9130859375,\n              46.49839225859763\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.07763671875,\n              46.28622391806708\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.71484375,\n              46.5739667965278\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.13232421875,\n              46.72480037466717\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.76953125,\n              46.7549166192819\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              44.18220395771566\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.75830078125,\n              43.004647127794435\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83544921874999,\n              42.66628070564928\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.70361328125,\n              42.61779143282346\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.35205078124999,\n              42.58544425738491\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.9345703125,\n              42.53689200787317\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.64892578125,\n              42.52069952914966\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.56103515625,\n              43.29320031385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.5390625,\n              43.83452678223684\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.3193359375,\n              44.38669150215206\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.90185546874999,\n              45.058001435398296\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.484375,\n              45.521743896993634\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6671ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saad, D. A.","contributorId":85212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26900,"text":"wri954244 - 1996 - Ground-water quality in the Calumet Region of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, June 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-16T09:41:55","indexId":"wri954244","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4244","title":"Ground-water quality in the Calumet Region of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, June 1993","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected from 128 wells in a large industrial and urban area in northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois during June 1993. Samples were collected from wells completed in one of four geohydrologic units: surficial sand aquifer (Calumet aquifer), clay confining unit, confined sand aquifers, and a carbonate-bedrock aquifer (Silurian-Devonian aquifer). Samples were analyzed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency contract laboratories for selected water-quality properties, common ions, trace elements, volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls.</p>\n<p>Water from wells in the Silurian-Devonian aquifer is predominantly a sodium bicarbonate type. Water types in confined sand aquifers and the confining unit are varied. Water types from wells in the Calumet aquifer also are varied, although approximately 42 percent of the wells in this geohydrologic unit produced water in which calcium and bicarbonate were the dominant cation-anion pair. Samples from several shallow wells in the confining unit and the Calumet aquifer, and one well in a confined sand aquifer, were classified as sodium chloride-type water.</p>\n<p>The largest concentrations of trace elements and organic compounds were detected in samples from wells located in or near industrial areas or areas of waste disposal. A total of 14 volatile organic compounds and 23 semivolatile organic compounds on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's target compound list was detected in 20 and 56 samples. A total of 18 pesticide compounds was detected in 29 samples. Compounds containing polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in three samples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri954244","collaboration":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Duwelius, R.F., Kay, R.T., and Prinos, S.T., 1996, Ground-water quality in the Calumet Region of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois, June 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4244, vii, 179 p., [8] folded p. of plates :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954244.","productDescription":"vii, 179 p., [8] folded p. of plates :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"179","numberOfPages":"185","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2004,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=95-4244","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4244/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55781,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1995/4244/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Calumet Region","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              41.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -87,\n              41.55\n            ],\n            [\n              -87,\n              41.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.75,\n              41.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db658731","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duwelius, Richard F.","contributorId":31378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duwelius","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kay, Robert T. 0000-0002-6281-8997 rtkay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6281-8997","contributorId":1122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kay","given":"Robert","email":"rtkay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prinos, Scott T. 0000-0002-5776-8956 stprinos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-8956","contributorId":4045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinos","given":"Scott","email":"stprinos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29777,"text":"wri964047 - 1996 - Geohydrology of the Stockton Formation and cross-contamination through open boreholes, Hatboro Borough and Warminster Township, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-20T10:40:33","indexId":"wri964047","displayToPublicDate":"1997-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4047","title":"Geohydrology of the Stockton Formation and cross-contamination through open boreholes, Hatboro Borough and Warminster Township, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The study area consists of a 9-square-mile area underlain by sedimentary rocks of the middle arkose member of the Stockton Formation of Upper Triassic age. In the Hatboro area, the Stockton Formation strikes approximately N. 65 degrees E. and dps approximately 9 degrees NW. The rocks are chiefly arkosic sandstone and siltstone. Rocks of the Stocton Formation form a complex, heterogeneous, multiaquifer system consisting of a series of gently dipping lithologic units with different hydraulic properties. Most ground water in the unweathered zone moves through a network of interconnecting secondary openigns-fractures, bedding plans, and joints. Ground water is unconfined in the shallower part of the aquifer and semiconfined or confined in the deeper part of the aquifer. Nearly all deep wells in the Stockton Formation are open to several water-bearing zones and are multiaquifer wells. Each water-bearing zone usually has a different hydraulic head. Where differences in hydraulic head exist between water-bearing zones, water in the well bore flows under nonpumping conditions in the direction of decreasing head.\r\n\r\n      Determination of the potential for borehole flow was based on caliper, natural-gamma, single- point-resistance, fluid-resistivity, and (or) fluid-temperature logs that were run in 162 boreholes 31 to 655 feet deep. The direction and rate of borehole-fluid movement were determined in 83 boreholes by the bring-tracing method and in 10 boreholes by use of a heat-pulse flowmeter. Borehole flow was measurable in 65 of the 93 boreholes (70 percent). Fluid movement at rates up to 17 gallons per minute was measured. Downward flow was measured in 36 boreholes, and upward flow was measured in 23 boreholes, not including those boreholes in which two directions of flow were measured. Both upward and downward vertical flow was measured in six boreholes; these boreholes are 396 to 470 feet deep and were among the deepest boreholes logged. Fluid movement was upward in the upper part of the borehole and downward in the lower part of the borehole in two boreholes. Fluid movement wad downward in the upper part of the borehole and upward in the lower part of the borehole in three boreholes.\r\n\r\n      Groung-water contamination by volatile organic compounds (VOC's) is widespread in the study area. Detectable concentrations of VOC's were present in water samples from 24 wells sampled in Hatboro Brough and in water samples for 10 of 14 wells (71 percent) samples in Warminster Township. Samples of borehole flow from nine boreholes in the industrial area of Hatboro were collected for laboratory analysis to estimate the quantity of VOC's in borehole flow. Downward flow was measured in all of these boreholes. Concentrations of TCE, TCA, and 1,1-DCE as great at 5,800, 1,400 and 260 micrograms per liter, respectively, show that some water moving downward in the aquifer through these open boreholes is highly contaminated and that open boreholes may contribute substantially to ground-water contamination. An estimated 14.7 gallons per year of VOC's were moving downward through the nine open boreholes sampled from the contaminated, upper part of the aquifer to the lower part, which is tapped by public supply wells.\r\n\r\n      Borehole geophysical logs were used as a guide to design and construct monitor-well networks at three National Priorities List sites in the area. An open borehole was dirlled, and a suite of geophysical logs was run. Interpretation of geophysical logs enabled the identification of water-bearing zones that produce and receive water; these are zones that should not be connected. From the logs, discrete intervals to be monitored were selected. In the Stockton Formation, the same water-bearing zone may not be intersected in adjacent boreholes, especially if it is a vertical fracture with a diffident magnetic orientation than that of the adjacent boreholes. In most areas of the stockton Formation, depth of water-bearing zones in an are","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964047","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., Macchiaroli, P., and Towle, M.T., 1996, Geohydrology of the Stockton Formation and cross-contamination through open boreholes, Hatboro Borough and Warminster Township, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4047, Report: v, 49 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 11.04 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964047.","productDescription":"Report: v, 49 p.; 2 Plates: 17.00 x 11.04 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360607,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4047/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":360608,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4047/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.16666667,\n              40.16666667\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.05000000,\n              40.16666667\n            ],\n            [\n             -75.05000000,\n              40.28333333\n            ],\n            [\n             -75.16666667,\n              40.28333333\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.16666667,\n             40.16666667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a88ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Macchiaroli, Paola","contributorId":96309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macchiaroli","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Towle, Michael T.","contributorId":211743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1127,"text":"wsp2381D - 1996 - Effects of land use on water quality of the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer, east-central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:17","indexId":"wsp2381D","displayToPublicDate":"1997-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2381","chapter":"D","title":"Effects of land use on water quality of the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer, east-central Colorado","docAbstract":"Water-quality data were collected from the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer in 1988 and 1989 as part of the Toxic-Waste Ground-Water Contamination Program. These data indicate that dissolved solids, most major ions, fluoride, ammonium, boron, lithium, selenium, and strontium were more concentrated in the agricultural land-use area than in the upgradient urban land-use area. Nitrate and phosphate had significantly larger concentrations, and volatile organic compounds had significantly greater detection frequencies in the urban land-use area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by USGS Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2381D","usgsCitation":"Chafin, D.T., 1996, Effects of land use on water quality of the Fountain Creek alluvial aquifer, east-central Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2381, vii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2381D.","productDescription":"vii, 99 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138018,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2381d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25904,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2381d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":25905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2381d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chafin, Daniel T.","contributorId":77500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25870,"text":"wri964211 - 1996 - Ground-water quality, water year 1995, and statistical analysis of ground-water-quality data, water years 1994-95, at the chromic acid pit site, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T20:16:20.434334","indexId":"wri964211","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4211","title":"Ground-water quality, water year 1995, and statistical analysis of ground-water-quality data, water years 1994-95, at the chromic acid pit site, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas","docAbstract":"The Chromic Acid Pit site is an inactive waste disposal site \r\nthat is regulated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of \r\n1976. The 2.2-cubic-yard cement-lined pit was operated from 1980 \r\nto 1983 by a contractor to the U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery \r\nCenter and Fort Bliss. The pit, located on the Fort Bliss military \r\nreservation in El Paso, Texas, was used for disposal and \r\nevaporation of chromic acid waste generated from chrome plating \r\noperations. The site was closed in 1989, and the Texas Natural \r\nResources Conservation Commission issued permit number HW-50296 \r\n(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency number TX4213720101), which \r\napproved and implemented post-closure care for the Chromic Acid \r\nPit site. In accordance with an approved post-closure plan, the \r\nU.S. Geological Survey is cooperating with the U.S. Army in \r\nmonitoring and evaluating ground-water quality at the site. One \r\nupgradient ground-water monitoring well (MW1) and two \r\ndowngradient ground-water monitoring wells (MW2 and MW3), \r\ninstalled adjacent to the chromic acid pit, are monitored on a \r\nquarterly basis. Ground-water sampling of these wells by the U.S. \r\nGeological Survey began in December 1993.\r\n\r\n     The ground-water level, measured in a production well located \r\napproximately 1,700 feet southeast of the Chromic Acid Pit site, \r\nhas declined about 29.43 feet from 1982 to 1995. Depth to water at \r\nthe Chromic Acid Pit site in September 1995 was 284.2 to 286.5 \r\nfeet below land surface; ground-water flow at the water table is \r\nassumed to be toward the southeast.\r\n\r\n     Ground-water samples collected from monitoring wells at the \r\nChromic Acid Pit site during water year 1995 contained dissolved-\r\nsolids concentrations of 481 to 516 milligrams per liter. Total \r\nchromium concentrations detected above the laboratory reporting \r\nlimit ranged from 0.0061 to 0.030 milligram per liter; dissolved \r\nchromium concentrations ranged from 0.0040 to 0.010 milligram per \r\nliter. Nitrate as nitrogen concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 2.8 \r\nmilligrams per liter; nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen \r\nconcentrations ranged from 2.4 to 3.2 milligrams per liter. Water \r\nsamples from wells MW1 and MW2 were analyzed for volatile organic \r\ncompounds for the first quarter; no confirmed volatile organic \r\ncompounds were detected above laboratory reporting limits. \r\nDetected chemical concentrations in water from the chromic acid \r\npit monitoring wells during the four sampling periods were below \r\nU.S. Environmental Protection Agency-established maximum \r\ncontaminant levels for public drinking-water supplies. Overall, \r\nwater-quality characteristics of water from the chromic acid pit \r\nground-water monitoring wells are similar to those of other wells \r\nin the surrounding area.\r\n\r\n     Statistical analyses were performed on 56 of the chemical \r\nconstituents analyzed for in ground water from the chromic acid \r\npit monitoring wells. Concentrations of chloride, fluoride, \r\nsulfate, and potassium were significantly less in water from one \r\nor both downgradient wells than in water from the upgradient well. \r\nConcentrations of nitrate as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as \r\nnitrogen, and dissolved solids were significantly greater in \r\nwater from the downgradient wells than in water from the \r\nupgradient well. Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen, chloride, \r\nand potassium were significantly different in water from the two \r\ndowngradient wells. Statistical analysis of chemical constituents \r\nin water from the chromic acid pit monitoring wells did not appear \r\nto indicate a release of hazardous chemicals from the chromic acid \r\npit. There was no indication of ground-water contamination in \r\neither downgradient well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964211","usgsCitation":"Abeyta, C.G., and Roybal, R., 1996, Ground-water quality, water year 1995, and statistical analysis of ground-water-quality data, water years 1994-95, at the chromic acid pit site, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4211, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964211.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":394266,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48545.htm"},{"id":125164,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4211/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54623,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Army Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.3861,\n              31.8178\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4286,\n              31.8178\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4286,\n              31.8594\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3861,\n              31.8594\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3861,\n              31.8178\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697524","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roybal, R. G.","contributorId":67881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roybal","given":"R. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":22662,"text":"ofr96555 - 1996 - Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:51","indexId":"ofr96555","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-555","title":"Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program","docAbstract":"This report presents data on precipitation, water levels, and water quality that have been collected or compiled for water years 1994 through 1996 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program, under the guidance of the Bureau of Reclamation. This is the second report for the project. The first report (Carter, 1995) presented data collected through water year 1993. The purpose of the Huron Project is to demonstrate the artificial recharge potential of glacial aquifers in eastern South Dakota. High flows from the James River during spring runoff were used as a source of supplemental recharge for the Warren aquifer, which is a buried, glacial aquifer. In 1990, 70 observation wells were installed by the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) specifically for this study, and 15 existing DENR observation wells were incorporated into the study. In 1993, the recharge well was installed. After a trial injection of recharge water in April 1994, continuous injection began in June 1994. Many sites were monitored to obtain information before, during, and after recharging the aquifer. This report presents data that were collected during the three phases of recharge. Precipitation data are collected at two sites within the study area. A site description and daily precipitation for water years 1994-95 are presented for one precipitation site. Water-level hydrographs are presented for the 85 observation wells and the recharge well. Hydrographs are shown for the period from October 1, 1993, through November 29, 1995. Recharge water was injected from June 2, 1994, through July 29, 1994, and from June 14, 1995, through September 13, 1995. The cumulative volume of injected water and the injection rates into the aquifer are presented for the periods of recharge. Water-quality data were collected from screening, detailed, and plume-monitoring sampling programs. Screening water-quality data for six observation wells are presented. These data include primarily field parameters and common ions. The four detailed sampling sites represent the quality of untreated water, treated water, and ground water from the Warren aquifer. Data presented for the detailed sampling program include field parameters, bacteria counts, and concentrations of common ions, solids, nutrients, trace elements, radiometrics, total organic carbon, herbicides, insecticides, and volatile organic compounds. Water-quality data for the plume-monitoring sampling program were collected from 25 sites during injection of recharge water into the Warren aquifer in 1994 and 1995. The data for the plume-monitoring program include primarily field parameters and common ions. Data for quality-assurance samples also are presented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr96555","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Carter, J., 1996, Hydrologic data for 1994-96 for the Huron Project of the High Plains Ground-Water Demonstration Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-555, vi, 131 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96555.","productDescription":"vi, 131 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153668,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0555/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":52126,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0555/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60eca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Janet M. 0000-0002-6376-3473","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-3473","contributorId":17637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Janet M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":188659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25917,"text":"wri964234 - 1996 - Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-23T11:58:29","indexId":"wri964234","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4234","title":"Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94","docAbstract":"<p>Between 1992 and 1994, the U.S.Geological Survey conducted a study of trace elements and organic compounds in the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, as part of the Willamette River Basin Water Quality Study. Low-level analyses were performed for trace elements, volatile organic compounds, organochlorine compounds, and pesticides. Overall, 94 water samples were collected from 40 sites, during predominantly high-flow conditions, representing urban, agricultural, mixed, and forested land uses. Although most observed concentrations were relatively low, some exceedances of water-quality criteria for acute and chronic toxicity and for the protection of human health were observed.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of chromium, copper, lead, and zinc in unfiltered water were well correlated with concentrations of suspended sediment. The highest trace-element concentrations generally were found at urban sites that receive a large portion of their runoff from industrial areas, particularly at high suspended- sediment concentrations. In contrast, concentrations of trace elements in some urban streams draining primarily residential areas appeared to approach a maximum as sediment concentrations increased. Whether this difference was due to a difference in the nature of the suspended sediments or to different concentrations in the aqueous phases from the two site types was not addressed.</p>\n<p>Eight organochlorine compounds were detected at 14 sites. Lindane, dieldrin, and DDT or its metabolites were each detected in about 30 percent of the samples, predominantly in samples collected from agricultural and urban areas. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds were detected in samples from two urban sites. For samples in which DDT and its metabolites were examined for partitioning, the largest proportion of the mass of DDT and its metabolites was associated with suspended sediment. In contrast, dieldrin and lindane were almost completely (greater than 99 percent) associated with the dissolved phase.</p>\n<p>Sixty-one of the 94 pesticides analyzed in filtered water were documented to have been used in the basin in 1987; 43 of these were detected at least once during 1992&ndash;94. An additional five were detected that were not documented in the 1987 estimates. Although a comparison between the frequency of detected pesticides and 1987 estimates of pesticide usage in the basin showed generally little correlation, some patterns of detections did appear to reflect land use in the basin. Of the 25 most frequently detected pesticides, 3 were found primarily at urban sites, 6 were found primarily at agricultural sites, and 7 were found at all types of sites except forested. The four most commonly detected pesticides in the basin, observed at all except forested site 2 types, were atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and diuron. A greater variety of compounds was detected at sites in the northern portion of the basin than in the southern portion of the basin probably because the northern portion has more diverse agricultural practices and a larger urban component. Possible reasons for the lack of agreement between pesticide detections and pesticide usage estimates include (1) uncertainty in the usage estimates due to spatial and temporal variability or due to changes in agricultural practices since the 1987 estimates were compiled, (2) chemical or biological transformations in the compounds after application, (3) variable hydrologic conditions among sites at the time of sampling, or (4) the ability of laboratory analytical procedures to detect low concentrations of some analytes.</p>\n<p>Results from repeated samplings at two sites during sequential storms in the fall of 1994 indicated that concentrations and loads of several constituents, including suspended sediment, suspended organic carbon, DDT, metolachlor, and atrazine were highest during peak flows of the first or second significant storms of the fall. Samplings during subsequent storms indicated that instantaneous concentrations and loads were generally reduced; however, data were not sufficient to compare overall transport during sequential storms.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Portland, OR","doi":"10.3133/wri964234","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Willamette River Technical  Advisory Steering Committee, and National Water-quality  AssessmentT Program","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C.W., Rinella, F., and Rounds, S.A., 1996, Occurrence of selected trace elements and organic compounds and their relation to land use in the Willamette River basin, Oregon, 1992-94: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4234, vi, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964234.","productDescription":"vi, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54678,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4234/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"696.96 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":121956,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4234/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.541259765625,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.541259765625,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77270507812499,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.77270507812499,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.541259765625,\n              43.20517581723733\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db692180","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":139268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rinella, Frank A.","contributorId":89515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"Frank A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":195478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25915,"text":"wri964144 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: Shallow ground-water quality of a land-use area in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T22:36:56.700068","indexId":"wri964144","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4144","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: Shallow ground-water quality of a land-use area in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, 1993","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes the quality of shallow ground water in an agricultural area in the San Luis Valley, Colorado, and discusses how natural and human factors affect the quality of shallow ground water. Thirty-five wells were installed, and water samples were collected from these wells and analyzed for selected dissolved common constituents, nutrients, trace elements, radionuclides, and synthetic organic compounds. The San Luis Valley is a high intermontane valley that is partially drained by the Rio Grande. The San Luis Valley land-use study area was limited to a part of the valley where the depth to water is generally less than 25 feet. The area where the 35 monitor wells were installed was further limited to the part of the study area where center-pivot overhead sprinklers are used to irrigate crops. Precipitation, runoff from adjacent mountainous areas, and ground-water inflow from the adjacent mountainous areas are the main sources of water to the aquifers in the San Luis Valley. Discharge of water from the shallow, unconfined aquifer in the valley is mainly from evapotranspiration. The dominant land use in the San Luis Valley is agriculture, although nonirrigated land and residential land are interspersed with agricultural land. Alfalfa, native hay, barley, wheat, potatoes, and other vegetables are the main crops. Dissolved-solids concentrations in shallow ground water sampled ranged from 75 to 1,960 milligrams per liter. The largest median concentration of cations was for calcium, and the largest median concentration of anions was for bicarbonate in shallow ground water in the San Luis Valley. Calcium concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 300 milligrams per liter, and bicarbonate concentrations ranged from 28 to 451 milligrams per liter. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 to 58 milligrams per liter as N; water from 11 wells had nitrite plus nitrate concentrations greater than 10 milligrams per liter as N. With the exception of the following trace elements--aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and uranium--the concentrations of trace elements were less than 10 micrograms per liter in 90 percent of the samples. All trace-element concentrations measured were below the maximum contaminant levels set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Five samples exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level of 0.02 milligram per liter for uranium. All samples collected exceeded the proposed maximum contaminant level for radon-222. The volatile organic compound methyltertbutylether was detected in one sample at a concentration of 0.6 microgram per liter. Of the pesticides analyzed for, one or more were detected in water from 5 of the 35 wells sampled. Metribuzin was the most commonly detected pesticide and was detected in water from three wells at concentrations ranging from an estimated 0.005 to 0.017 microgram per liter. Metolachlor (detected in one sample at a concentration of 0.072 microgram per liter), prometon (detected in one sample at a concentration of 0.01 microgram per liter), and p,p'-DDE (detected in one sample at an estimated concentration of 0.002 microgram per liter) were the other pesticides detected. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency lifetime health advisory for metolachlor, metribuzin, and prometon is 100 micrograms per liter, which is much larger than the concentrations measured in the shallow ground water sampled for this study. The elevated nitrite plus nitrate concentrations in shallow ground water are indicative of leaching of fertilizers from the land surface. This conclusion is consistent with conclusions made in other investigations of the San Luis Valley.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964144","usgsCitation":"Anderholm, S., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Rio Grande Valley, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: Shallow ground-water quality of a land-use area in the San Luis Valley, south-central Colorado, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4144, ix, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964144.","productDescription":"ix, 94 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410751,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48491.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54676,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4144/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4144/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"San Luis Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -105.5472,\n              37.9286\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.325,\n              37.9286\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.325,\n              37.025\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5472,\n              37.025\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.5472,\n              37.9286\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb532","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderholm, S. K.","contributorId":69149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderholm","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23610,"text":"ofr96435 - 1996 - Water-quality data for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-05T13:55:31","indexId":"ofr96435","displayToPublicDate":"1997-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-435","title":"Water-quality data for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994","docAbstract":"<p>Water samples were collected from 175 wells in 12 Midcontinental States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin) from 1992 through 1994 to determine the spatial distribution of nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in ground water, and to document the potential effects of the historic flooding that occurred during 1993 on ground- water quality. Concentrations of nitrate greater than the 0.05 mg/L reporting limit were found in 69.1 percent of the water samples, and nitrate concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant limit of 10 mg/L in 9.6 percent of the 249 samples analyzed for nitrate. Pesticides or pesticide metabolites were detected in 72.4 percent of the 210 pesticide analyses, and 28 different compounds were found. Concentrations of multiple pesticide compounds above analytical reporting limits were found in water from about 60 percent of the wells sampled. Although pesticides were frequently detected, only one sample had a pesticide concentration that exceeded a maximum contaminant level for drinking water. The most frequently detected compounds, however, were pesticide metabolites for which maximum contaminant levels have not yet been established. Volatile organic compounds were detected in 13.5 percent of the 155 samples analyzed for these compounds. Only one sample had concentrations of volatile organic compounds that exceeded a maximum contaminant level for drinking water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Iowa City, IA","doi":"10.3133/ofr96435","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., Zichelle, K., and Thurman, E., 1996, Water-quality data for nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds in near-surface aquifers of the midcontinental United States, 1992-1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-435, v, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96435.","productDescription":"v, 47 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology 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E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":190407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":25582,"text":"wri934157 - 1996 - Hydrogeology of, and ground-water flow in, a valley-fill and carbonate-rock aquifer system near Long Valley in the New Jersey Highlands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri934157","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4157","title":"Hydrogeology of, and ground-water flow in, a valley-fill and carbonate-rock aquifer system near Long Valley in the New Jersey Highlands","docAbstract":"The hydrogeology of and ground-water flow in a valley-fill and carbonate-rock aquifer system were evaluated by using numerical-modeling techniques and geochemical interpretations to address concerns about the adequacy of the aquifer system to meet increasing demand for water. The study was conducted during 1987-90 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy. The effects of recent and anticipated ground-water withdrawals on water levels, stream base flows, and water budgets were estimated. Simulation results indicate that recent withdrawals of 4.7 million gallons per day have resulted in water-level declines of up to 35 feet. Under conditions of increases in withdrawals of 121 percent, water levels would decline up to an additional 28 feet. The magnitude of predicted average base-flow depletion, when compared with historic low flows, indicates that projected increases in withdrawals may substantially deplete seasonal low flow of Drakes Brook and South Branch Raritan River. Results of a water-budget analysis indicate that the sources of water to additional supply wells would include leakage from the overlying valley-fill aquifer and induced leakage of surface water into the aquifer system. Results of water-quality analyses indicate that human activities are affecting the quality of the ground water. With the exception of an elevated iron concentration in water from one well, concentrations of inorganic constituents in water from 75 wells did not exceed New Jersey primary or secondary drinking-water regulations. Volatile organic compounds were detected in water from several wells; in two samples, concentrations of specific compounds exceeded drinking-water regulations.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934157","usgsCitation":"Nicholson, R., McAuley, S.D., Barringer, J.L., and Gordon, A., 1996, Hydrogeology of, and ground-water flow in, a valley-fill and carbonate-rock aquifer system near Long Valley in the New Jersey Highlands: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4157, ix, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934157.","productDescription":"ix, 159 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":110268,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47858.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"47858"},{"id":121723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4157/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54302,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4157/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54303,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4157/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54304,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4157/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54305,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4157/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614946","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicholson, R.S.","contributorId":67125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McAuley, S. D.","contributorId":104098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gordon, A.D.","contributorId":103711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4953,"text":"fs20496 - 1996 - Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Water of the Palouse Subunit, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T10:22:30","indexId":"fs20496","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"204-96","title":"Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Water of the Palouse Subunit, Washington and Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs20496","usgsCitation":"Roberts, L.M., and Wagner, R.J., 1996, Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Water of the Palouse Subunit, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 204-96, 1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20496.","productDescription":"1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm. col. ill., col. map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31809,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0204/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wa.water.usgs.gov/pubs/fs/fs204-96/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117987,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0204/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              46.36209301204982\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26831054687499,\n              46.36209301204982\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26831054687499,\n              47.82053186746053\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              47.82053186746053\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              46.36209301204982\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688325","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roberts, Lonna M.","contributorId":76725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Lonna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29143,"text":"wri964065 - 1996 - Water-quality assessment of the Hudson River basin in New York and adjacent states: Analysis of available nutrient, pesticide volatile organic compound, and suspended-sediment data, 1970-90","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T20:34:52.175408","indexId":"wri964065","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4065","title":"Water-quality assessment of the Hudson River basin in New York and adjacent states: Analysis of available nutrient, pesticide volatile organic compound, and suspended-sediment data, 1970-90","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964065","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P.J., and Hanchar, D., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Hudson River basin in New York and adjacent states: Analysis of available nutrient, pesticide volatile organic compound, and suspended-sediment data, 1970-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4065, ix, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964065.","productDescription":"ix, 76 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410491,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48430.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58013,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159391,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4065/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Hudson River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.65,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              40.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -73,\n              44.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.65,\n              44.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.65,\n              40.75\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6e97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanchar, D. W.","contributorId":87986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanchar","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24316,"text":"ofr96413 - 1996 - National Water-Quality Assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Well and Water-Quality Data from the Outcrop of the Woodbine Aquifer in Urban Tarrant County, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-22T15:17:38","indexId":"ofr96413","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-413","title":"National Water-Quality Assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Well and Water-Quality Data from the Outcrop of the Woodbine Aquifer in Urban Tarrant County, 1993","docAbstract":"<p>An urban land-use study of the shallow water-bearing zones of the Woodbine aquifer outcrop area began in 1993 as a part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program for the Trinity River Basin. Thirty-eight wells located within predominantly commercial or residential settings were selected for this study. Water samples were collected from each well and analyzed for 186 waterquality constituents. A brief description of the study area and the Woodbine aquifer, a description of the installation and design of the wells used, and the water-quality data obtained from this study are included in this report. The well description includes the locations of the 38 wells used in the study, the well design of the 28 U.S. Geological Survey-installed wells, and the lithological logs. Laboratory analyses of water samples include major inorganic constituents, nutrients, trace elements, tritium, organic carbon, phenols, methyl blue active substance, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds. Field measurements (specific conductance, pH, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration) were measured at each site.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96413","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Reutter, D., 1996, National Water-Quality Assessment of the Trinity River Basin, Texas - Well and Water-Quality Data from the Outcrop of the Woodbine Aquifer in Urban Tarrant County, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-413, iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96413.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"1993-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":53425,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0413/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":156275,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0413/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":11558,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/projects/trin/pubs/pdf/ofr-96-413.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b2fe4b07f02db6b4076","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reutter, David C. dreutter@usgs.gov","contributorId":5441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reutter","given":"David C.","email":"dreutter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":191682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23958,"text":"ofr9487 - 1996 - Ground-water resources data for Warren County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T10:06:53","indexId":"ofr9487","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-87","title":"Ground-water resources data for Warren County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"This report presents lithologic, hydrologic, and chemical data collected during a study of the ground-water resources of Warren County, Pa. The study was conducted during 1983-90 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, and the Warren County Commissioners. The data include information on aquifers, water levels, and yields for about 600 wells, and records for 57 springs. Descriptions of aquifer lithology and chemical analyses of water samples collected at well and spring sites are provided. Chemical analyses include major cations, anions, nutrients, and selected trace elements. Also included are data on concentrations of volatile organic compounds, dissolved methane, ethane, propane, and total organic carbon. The report presents a summary of the source and significance of selected chemical constituents in ground water, a listing of Federal drinking water standards, and information on selected methods of removing or reducing concentrations of undesirable chemical constituents from water. Daily ground- water levels for five observation wells are tabulated. Maps of Warren County show the location of townships, boroughs, and 7-1/2-minute quadrangles. Data-collection sites are shown on 18 figures. A glossary is provided for readers unfamiliar with ground-water terminology.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9487","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Moore, M., and Buckwalter, T.F., 1996, Ground-water resources data for Warren County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-87, v, 94 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9487.","productDescription":"v, 94 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53156,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, M.E.","contributorId":16445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckwalter, T. F.","contributorId":58671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckwalter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27582,"text":"wri964182 - 1996 - Hydrogeology of the area near the J4 test cell, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri964182","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4182","title":"Hydrogeology of the area near the J4 test cell, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The U.S. Air Force operates a major aerospace systems testing facility at Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) in Coffee County, Tennessee. Dewatering operations at one of the test facilities, the J4 test cell, has affected the local ground-water hydrology. The J4 test cell is approximately 100 feet in diameter, extends approximately 250 feet below land surface, and penetrates several aquifers. Ground water is pumped continuously from around the test cell to keep the cell structurally intact. Because of the test cell's depth, dewatering has depressed water levels in the aquifers surrounding the site. The depressions that have developed exhibit anisotropy that is controlled by zones of high permeability in the aquifers. Additionally, contaminants - predominately volatile organic compounds - are present in the ground-water discharge from the test cell and in ground water at several other Installation Restoration Program (IRP) sites within the AEDC facility. The dewatering activities at J4 are drawing these contaminants from the nearby sites. The effects of dewatering at the J4 test cell were investigated by studying the lithologic and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifers, investigating the anisotropy and zones of secondary permeability using geophysical techniques, mapping the potentiometric surfaces of the underlying aquifers, and developing a conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system local to the test cell. Contour maps of the potentiometric surfaces in the shallow, Manchester, and Fort Payne aquifers (collectively, part of the Highland Rim aquifer system) show anisotropic water-level depressions centered on the J4 test cell. This anisotropy is the result of features of high permeability such as chert-gravel zones in the regolith and fractures, joints, and bedding planes in the bedrock. The presence of these features of high permeability in the Manchester aquifer results in complex flow patterns in the Highland Rim aquifers near the J4 test cell. The occurrence, distribution, and orientation of these features has a great effect on ground-water flow to the J4 test cell. The depression caused by dewatering extends out horizontally through the aquifers along the most permeable pathways. Since the aquifers above the Chattanooga Shale are not separated by distinct confining units, areas in adjacent aquifers above and below these zones of high permeability in the Manchester aquifer are also dewatered. Conditions in all Highland Rim aquifers approximate steady-state equilibrium because ground-water withdrawal at the test cell has been continuous since the late 1960's. The average ground-water discharge from the dewatering system at the J4 test cell was 105 gallons per minute, for 1992-95. The ground-water capture areas in each aquifer extend into all or parts of landfill #2 and leaching pit #2 (IRP site 1), the main testing area (IRP site 7), and the old fire training area (IRP site 10). IRP sites 8 and 12 are outside the ground-water capture areas. Of the 35 sampled wells in the J4 area, 10 produced water samples containing chlorinated organic compounds such as 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) in concentrations which exceeded the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL's) for public water-supply systems. The highest concentrations were detected in samples from well AEDC-274 with 45 micrograms per liter (mg/L) 1,2-DCA, 320 mg/L 1,1-DCE, and 1,200 mg/L TCE. These compounds are synthetic and do not occur naturally in the environment. A sample of the ground-water discharge from the J4 test cell also contained concentrations of these compounds that exceed MCL's. Chlorinated organic compounds, including 1,2-DCA; 1,1-DCE; and TCE also have been detected at IRP sites 1, 7, 8, nd 10. The six dewatering wells surrounding the J4 test cell penetrate the Chattanooga Shale and are open to the Highland Rim aquifer system, there","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;","doi":"10.3133/wri964182","usgsCitation":"Haugh, C., 1996, Hydrogeology of the area near the J4 test cell, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4182, v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964182.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4182/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56438,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haugh, C.J.","contributorId":24380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haugh","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":25690,"text":"wri964145 - 1996 - Occurrence of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in urban stormwater in the United States, 1991-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-04T11:07:49","indexId":"wri964145","displayToPublicDate":"1997-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4145","title":"Occurrence of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in urban stormwater in the United States, 1991-95","docAbstract":"<p>Methyl <i>tert</i>-butyl ether (MTBE) is a gasoline oxygenate. Oxygenates such as MTBE, when added to gasoline, increase the gasoline's oxygen level and decrease vehicular carbon monoxide emissions and ozone levels in the atmosphere. MTBE disperses rapidly in water, was the second most frequently detected volatile organic compound (VOC) in a study of shallow urban ground water, and is less biodegradable than common gasoline compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylene (BTEX). Urban Stormwater is a possible source of MTBE found in shallow ground water.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampled stormwater in 16 cities and metropolitan areas that are required to obtain permits to discharge Stormwater from their municipal storm-sewer system into surface water. Concentrations of 62 VOCs, including MTBE and BTEX compounds, were measured in 592 Stormwater samples collected in these cities and metropolitan areas from 1991 through 1995. Concentration data for MTBE and BTEX compounds in stormwater were compiled and analyzed, and the findings are summarized in this report. This effort was part of an interagency assessment of the scientific basis and effectiveness of the Nation's oxygenated fuel program and was coordinated by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, Executive Office of the President.</p><p>MTBE was the seventh most frequently detected VOC in urban Stormwater, following toluene, total xylene, chloroform, total trimethylbenzene, tetrachloroethene, and naphthalene. MTBE was detected in 6.9 percent (41 of 592) of Stormwater samples collected. When detected, concentrations of MTBE ranged from 0.2 to 8.7 micrograms per liter (µg/L), with a median of 1.5 µg/L. All detections of MTBE were less than the lower limit of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) draft lifetime health advisory (20 µg/L) for drinking water. Eighty-three percent of all detections of MTBE in Stormwater were in samples collected during the October through March season of each year (1991-95), which corresponds with the expected seasonal use of oxygenated gasoline in areas where carbon monoxide exceeds established air-quality standards. The median concentration of MTBE and benzene for all samples was statistically different and higher in samples collected during the October through March season than samples collected during the April through September season. Sixty-six percent of all MTBE detections occurred with BTEX compounds, and a proportionate increase in concentrations was found when these compounds occurred together. The proportionate increase could indicate a common source of MTBE and BTEX for those samples. Toluene and total xylene were the most frequently detected BTEX compounds and the most frequently detected VOCs in these investigations. Detected concentrations of toluene and total xylene ranged from 0.2 to 6.6 µg/L and 0.2 to 15 µg/L with median concentrations of 0.3 and 0.4 iig/L, respectively</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964145","usgsCitation":"Delzer, G.C., Zogorski, J.S., Lopes, T.J., and Bosshart, R.L., 1996, Occurrence of the gasoline oxygenate MTBE and BTEX compounds in urban stormwater in the United States, 1991-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4145, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964145.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54455,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4145/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db6921a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Delzer, Gregory C. 0000-0002-7077-4963 gcdelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7077-4963","contributorId":986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delzer","given":"Gregory","email":"gcdelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":194675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zogorski, John S. jszogors@usgs.gov","contributorId":189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zogorski","given":"John","email":"jszogors@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":194676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bosshart, Robin L.","contributorId":212712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bosshart","given":"Robin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":26684,"text":"wri964083 - 1996 - Shallow ground-water quality in selected agricultural areas of south-central Georgia, 1994","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-27T13:11:20","indexId":"wri964083","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4083","title":"Shallow ground-water quality in selected agricultural areas of south-central Georgia, 1994","docAbstract":"The Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain National Water-Quality Assessment Program began an agricultural land-use study in March 1994. The study area is located in the upper Suwannee River basin in Tift, Turner, Worth, Irwin, Wilcox, and Crisp Counties, Ga. Twenty-three shallow monitoring wells were installed in a 1,335-square- mile area characterized by intensive row-crop agriculture (peanuts, corn, cotton, and soybeans). The study focused on recently recharged shallow ground water in surficial aquifers to assess the relation between land-use activities and ground- water quality. All wells were sampled in March and April (spring) 1994, and 14 of these wells were resampled in August (summer) 1994. Shallow ground water in the study area is characterized by oxic and acidic conditions, low bicarbonate, and low dissolved-solids concentrations. The median pH of shallow ground water was 4.7 and the median bicarbonate concentration was 1.7 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Dissolved oxygen concentrations ranged from 3.0 to 8.0 mg/L. The median dissolved-solids concentration in samples collected in the spring was 86 mg/L. Major inorganic ion composition was generally mixed with no dominant cation; nitrate was the dominant anion (greater than 60 percent of the anion composition) in 14 of 23 samples. Only concentrations of bicarbonate, dissolved organic carbon, and nitrate had significant differences in concentrations between samples collected in the spring and the background samples. However, median concentrations of some of the major ingredients in fertilizer (including magnesium, chloride, nitrate, iron, and manganese) were higher in water samples from agricultural wells than in background samples. The median concentration of dissolved solids in ground-water samples collected in the spring (86 mg/L) was more than double the median concentration (41 mg/L) of the background samples. The median nitrate as nitrogen concentration of 6.7 mg/L in the spring samples reflects the effects of agricultural activities on ground-water quality. Samples from 30 percent of the wells exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) for nitrate in drinking water (10 mg/L as N). Nitrogen isotope ratios ranged from 2.4 to 9.0 parts per thousand and indicate that most nitrogen in shallow ground water is probably from inorganic fertilizer. In addition, nitrate concentrations were positively correlated (p-values all less than 0.01) with concentrations of some of the major ingredients in fertilizer, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and chloride, and with values of specific conductance. Concentrations of pesticides and volatile organic compounds, detected in samples from 11 wells, were all below the MCLs. Of these constituents, only alachlor, metolachlor, metribuzin, toluene, benzene, and methyl chloride were detected in ground water at concentrations that ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/L (micrograms per liter). Maximum concentrations of 1.0 mg/L of metolachlor and toluene were detected in two wells. Radon concentrations ranged from 530 to 1,400 pCi/L (picocuries per liter), exceeding the proposed MCL of 300 pCi/L in all samples; the median concentration was 1,000 pCi/L.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri964083","usgsCitation":"Crandall, C.A., 1996, Shallow ground-water quality in selected agricultural areas of south-central Georgia, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4083, iv, 23 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964083.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55548,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4083/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158503,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4083/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"properties\":{},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-84.7210693359375,30.704058230919504],[-84.90234375,30.543338954230222],[-85.0177001953125,30.24957724046765],[-84.803466796875,30.164126343161097],[-84.627685546875,29.935895213372444],[-84.57275390625,29.859701442126756],[-84.44091796875,29.859701442126756],[-84.29809570312499,29.859701442126756],[-84.2926025390625,30.012030680358613],[-84.17724609375,30.035811042667792],[-83.990478515625,30.050076521698735],[-83.7322998046875,29.893043385434165],[-83.6224365234375,29.76914573606667],[-83.51806640624999,29.602118211647333],[-83.397216796875,29.415675471217877],[-83.2489013671875,29.377388403478992],[-83.1610107421875,29.233683670282787],[-83.0841064453125,29.1281717828162],[-82.8753662109375,29.10897615145302],[-82.77099609375,28.945668833650508],[-82.75451660156249,28.815799886487298],[-82.694091796875,28.671310915880834],[-82.694091796875,28.492833128965096],[-82.8094482421875,28.265682390146477],[-82.891845703125,28.164032516628076],[-82.869873046875,27.955591004642553],[-82.8973388671875,27.790491224830877],[-82.7874755859375,27.68352808378776],[-82.75451660156249,27.552111841284695],[-80.299072265625,27.571590861376308],[-80.2935791015625,27.649472352561876],[-80.37597656249999,27.848790459862073],[-80.52429199218749,28.105903469076186],[-80.540771484375,28.20760859532738],[-80.540771484375,28.318888915773826],[-80.5133056640625,28.386567819657213],[-80.46936035156249,28.44454394857482],[-80.518798828125,28.647210004919998],[-80.6341552734375,28.815799886487298],[-80.771484375,29.065772888415406],[-81.0406494140625,29.439597566602902],[-81.1614990234375,29.807284450222504],[-81.27685546875,30.107117887092357],[-81.3592529296875,30.5764500266181],[-81.34277343749999,30.873940237887624],[-81.32080078125,31.052933985705163],[-81.23291015625,31.22689446881399],[-81.19445800781249,31.358327833411312],[-81.14501953125,31.48020882071693],[-81.03515625,31.648705289976853],[-80.958251953125,31.835565983656227],[-80.85937499999999,31.94750122367064],[-80.782470703125,32.00341778396365],[-80.8978271484375,32.0732655510424],[-81.046142578125,32.115148622612445],[-81.1175537109375,32.16166284018013],[-81.112060546875,32.2546200600072],[-81.0955810546875,32.30570601389429],[-81.177978515625,32.43097672054704],[-81.1669921875,32.47732919639942],[-81.24938964843749,32.537551746769],[-81.34277343749999,32.59773394005744],[-81.4031982421875,32.648625783736726],[-81.39770507812499,32.76880048488168],[-81.4031982421875,32.86574639547474],[-81.441650390625,32.95797741405952],[-81.4801025390625,33.04550781490999],[-81.5899658203125,33.1329513125159],[-81.73278808593749,33.15594830078649],[-81.88110351562499,33.330528249028085],[-82.06787109374999,33.41310221370827],[-82.28759765625,33.348884792201694],[-82.5732421875,33.22949814144951],[-83.056640625,33.25706340236547],[-83.33129882812499,33.0178760185549],[-83.507080078125,32.80574473290688],[-83.82568359375,32.722598604044066],[-83.66638183593749,32.263910555201306],[-83.7652587890625,32.05464469054932],[-83.8421630859375,31.76086695137955],[-84.19921875,31.353636941500987],[-84.6826171875,30.869225348040825],[-84.7210693359375,30.704058230919504]]]}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f41af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29661,"text":"wri964288 - 1996 - Ground-water quality and its relation to hydrogeology, land use, and surface-water quality in the Red Clay Creek basin, Piedmont Physiographic Province, Pennsylvania and Delaware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T10:28:31","indexId":"wri964288","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4288","title":"Ground-water quality and its relation to hydrogeology, land use, and surface-water quality in the Red Clay Creek basin, Piedmont Physiographic Province, Pennsylvania and Delaware","docAbstract":"<p>The Red Clay Creek Basin in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of Pennsylvania and Delaware is a 54-square-mile area underlain by a structurally complex assemblage of fractured metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks that form a water-table aquifer. Ground-water-flow systems generally are local, and ground water discharges to streams. Both ground water and surface water in the basin are used for drinking-water supply.</p><p>Ground-water quality and the relation between ground-water quality and hydrogeologic and land-use factors were assessed in 1993 in bedrock aquifers of the basin. A total of 82 wells were sampled from July to November 1993 using a stratified random sampling scheme that included 8 hydrogeologic and 4 land-use categories to distribute the samples evenly over the area of the basin. The eight hydrogeologic units were determined by formation or lithology. The land-use categories were (1) forested, open, and undeveloped; (2) agricultural; (3) residential; and (4) industrial and commercial. Well-water samples were analyzed for major and minor ions, nutrients, volatile organic compounds (VOC's), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl compounds (PCB's), and radon-222.</p><p>Concentrations of some constituents exceeded maximum contaminant levels (MCL) or secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL) established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for drinking water. Concentrations of nitrate were greater than the MCL of 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as nitrogen (N) in water from 11 (13 percent) of 82 wells sampled; the maximum concentration was 38 mg/L as N. Water from only 1 of 82 wells sampled contained VOC's or pesticides that exceeded a MCL; water from that well contained 3 mg/L chlordane and 1 mg/L of PCB's. Constituents or properties of well-water samples that exceeded SMCL's included iron, manganese, dissolved solids, pH, and corrosivity. Water from 70 (85 percent) of the 82 wells sampled contained radon-222 activities greater than the proposed MCL of 300 pCi/L (picoCuries per liter).</p><p>Differences in selected major and minor ion concentrations and radon-222 activities were statistically significant between some lithologies and are related to differences in mineralogy. Ground water from felsic gneiss and schist generally contained higher radon-222 activities than the other lithologies; activities as high as 10,000 pCi/L were measured in a water sample from the felsic gneiss.</p><p>Differences in the concentrations of nitrate, sodium, and chloride, and the frequency of pesticide detections in ground water were statistically significant between samples from wells in some land-use categories. Concentrations of nitrate generally were greatest in agricultural and in industrial and commercial areas and can be attributed to the use of fertilizers on the land surface and other agricultural activities. Much of the industrial and commercial land use is in areas previously used for or related to mushroom production. Concentrations of chloride and sodium also were greatest in water from wells in agricultural and industrial and commercial areas, probably because of the use of fertilizer and road salt. Concentrations of nitrate, chloride, and sodium in water samples from wells in forested and residential land use did not differ statistically significantly from each other. The herbicides metolachlor and atrazine were the most frequently detected pesticides and were detected more frequently in agricultural areas than in areas with other land uses; their presence is related to their use in crop production. VOC's were detected infrequently and only in residential and industrial and commercial areas.</p><p>The relation between ground-water quality and surface-water quality is assessed by comparing nitrate and chloride concentrations in the 1993 ground-water samples and 1993-94 base-flow samples. Base-flow samples were collected at eight stream sites in the headwaters of the West Branch of Red Clay Creek in 1994 and at two long-term stream-monitoing sites on the East and West Branches of the Red Clay Creek in 1993-94. The average concentrations of chloride and nitrate in ground-water samples from wells in areas above the headwater stream sites and two long-term stream-monitoring sites were similar to the concentrations of chloride and nitrate in base flow at those sites. An observed increase in nitrate concentration in base flow at the long-term monitoring site on the West Branch of Red Clay Creek from 1970 to 1995 may be related to an increase in nitrate concentrations in ground water in that area of the basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964288","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Red Clay Valley Association and the Chester County Water Resources Authority","usgsCitation":"Senior, L.A., 1996, Ground-water quality and its relation to hydrogeology, land use, and surface-water quality in the Red Clay Creek basin, Piedmont Physiographic Province, Pennsylvania and Delaware: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4288, Report: viii, 122 p.; Plate: 27.0 x 33.8 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964288.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 122 p.; Plate: 27.0 x 33.8 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58486,"rank":399,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4288/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58487,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4288/wri19964288.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1996-4288"},{"id":119469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4288/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction&nbsp;</li><li>Factors affecting ground-water quality</li><li>Ground-water quality</li><li>Relation of ground-water quality to hydrogeology</li><li>Relation of ground-water quality to land use</li><li>Relation of ground-water quality to surface-water quality</li><li>Summary</li><li>References cited</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6673ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Senior, Lisa A. 0000-0003-2629-1996 lasenior@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-1996","contributorId":2150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senior","given":"Lisa","email":"lasenior@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27703,"text":"wri964062 - 1996 - Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of pesticide fate and transport in the unsaturated zone of a regolith-mantled, carbonate-rock terrain near Newville, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:16:37","indexId":"wri964062","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4062","title":"Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of pesticide fate and transport in the unsaturated zone of a regolith-mantled, carbonate-rock terrain near Newville, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Physical and chemical data were collected from May 1991 through April 1993 at a 4.5 hectare field site in Cumberland County, Pa., about 5 kilometers southeast of Newville. These data were used to define the hydrogeologic setting of a field site representative of the intensively farmed carbonate valleys of southeastern and south-central Pennsylvania. The environmental processing of commonly used pesticides (herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides) in the unsaturated zone was simulated with a process- oriented digital model to evaluate the environmental fate and transport of pesticides to ground water. Site data and modelling results provide a basis for a discussion of water-quality implications of agricultural best-management practices. The carbonate valleys of Pennsylvania comprise regolith-mantled carbonate-rock terrains that consist of broad undulating upland areas dissected by mostly dry valleys and widely spaced spring-fed creeks. The upland areas are farmed and exhibit possess a doline karst topography with many closed depressions, sinkholes, and bedrock outcrops. Unsaturated materials at the field site consist of an almost continuous soil cover composed of fine-grained residuum underlain by an intermediate vadose zone composed of karstified limestone. Soils are absent on scattered bedrock outcrops and are more than 12 meters thick in other areas of the site. The soil profile stores appreciable quantities of water with a volumetric average of about 36 percent water at field capacity. Organic carbon content of soil materials is about 1.7 percent in the Ap-horizon and from 0.1 to 0.3 percent throughout the full thickness of the B- and C-horizons. Atrazine, metolachlor, simazine, and the atrazine soil metabolites deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine were detected at concentrations above 0.05 mg/L in just the upper 0.6 meters of soil materials. However, detectable concentrations of atrazine, simazine, and atrazine soil metabolites were measured in water samples from lysimeters installed in soil materials at depths of 1.2, 2.1, and 3.7 meters and from monitor wells completed in the saturated zone to depths of 122 meters. Data collected from the field site were used to configure a pesticide screening model based on the pesticide version of the leaching estimation and chemistry model (LEACHP) developed by Wagenet and Hutson (1987). Model simulations show that most field-applied pesticides volatilize to the atmosphere, accumulate in soils, degrade in the subsurface environment, or leach to ground water. Model results were used to rank the leaching potentials of 66 pesticides. Eighteen of 32 herbicides, 4 of 9 fungicides, and 10 of 25 insecticides have moderate to large potential for leaching to ground water. A review of available pesticide monitoring data suggests that many compounds given moderate or high leaching potentials have not been tested for in ground water and the presence of pesticides in Pennsylvania's ground water may be underreported. Monitoring data do not exist for more than two-thirds of the pesticide compounds currently used in agricultural, carbonate areas of Pennsylvania. Knowledge of processes that govern fate and transport of pesticides is needed to facilitate development of effective pesticide best-management practices. In addition to comprehensive monitoring for pesticides and pesticide degradation products in ground water downgradient of areas of pesticide use, improved (1) characterization of unsaturated flow and transport through regolith mantled carbonate rocks, (2) estimates of pesticide degradation rates, (3) understanding of soil-property controls on pesticide movement, and (4) management models developed from process-oriented research would aid in understanding the processes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964062","usgsCitation":"Hippe, D., and Hall, D.W., 1996, Hydrogeologic setting and simulation of pesticide fate and transport in the unsaturated zone of a regolith-mantled, carbonate-rock terrain near Newville, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4062, vi, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964062.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56550,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4062/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62793f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hippe, D. J.","contributorId":83951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hippe","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, D. W.","contributorId":106528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25871,"text":"wri964035 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the chromic acid pit site, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-12T21:02:40.680211","indexId":"wri964035","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4035","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the chromic acid pit site, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas","docAbstract":"The Chromic Acid Pit site is an inactive waste disposal site \r\nthat is regulated by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of \r\n1976. The 2.2-cubic-yard cement-lined pit was operated from 1980 \r\nto 1983 by a contractor to the U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery \r\nCenter and Fort Bliss. The pit, located on the Fort Bliss military \r\nreservation, in El Paso, Texas, was used for disposal and \r\nevaporation of chromic acid waste generated from chrome plating \r\noperations. The site was certified closed in 1989 and the Texas \r\nNatural Resources Conservation Commission issued Permit Number \r\nHW-50296 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Permit Number \r\nTX4213720101), which approved and implemented post-closure care \r\nfor the Chromic Acid Pit site. In accordance with an approved \r\npost-closure plan, the U.S. Geological Survey is cooperating with \r\nthe U.S. Army in evaluating hydrogeologic conditions and ground-\r\nwater quality at the site. One upgradient and two downgradient \r\nground-water monitoring wells were installed adjacent to the \r\nchromic acid pit by a private contractor. Quarterly ground-water \r\nsampling of these wells by the U.S. Geological Survey began in \r\nDecember 1993.\r\n\r\n     The Chromic Acid Pit site is situated in the Hueco Bolson \r\nintermontane valley. The Hueco Bolson is a primary source of \r\nground water in the El Paso area. City of El Paso and U.S. Army \r\nwater-supply wells are located on all sides of the study area and \r\nare completed 600 to more than 1,200 feet below land surface. The \r\nground-water level in the area of the Chromic Acid Pit site has \r\ndeclined about 25 feet from 1982 to 1993. Depth to water at the \r\nChromic Acid Pit site in September 1994 was about 284 feet below \r\nland surface; ground-water flow is to the southeast.\r\n\r\n     Ground-water samples collected from monitoring wells at the \r\nChromic Acid Pit site contained dissolved-solids concentrations \r\nof 442 to 564 milligrams per liter. Nitrate as nitrogen \r\nconcentrations ranged from 2.1 to 2.7 milligrams per liter; \r\nnitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen concentrations ranged from 2.3 \r\nto 3.0 milligrams per liter. Nitrate concentrations are \r\nabnormally high in the Old Mesa well field located about 5,000 \r\nfeet southwest of the Chromic Acid Pit site. Volatile and \r\nsemivolatile organic compounds in water samples were analyzed for \r\nthe first sampling round; no confirmed volatile or semivolatile \r\norganic compounds were detected above the laboratory reporting \r\nlimits. Total chromium concentrations ranged from 0.0099 to 0.092 \r\nmilligram per liter; dissolved chromium concentrations ranged \r\nfrom 0.0068 to 0.0094 milligram per liter. Overall, water-quality \r\ncharacteristics in water from the chromic acid pit ground-water \r\nmonitoring wells are similar to those in the surrounding area. \r\nDetected chemical concentrations in water from the chromic acid \r\npit monitoring wells during the four sampling periods were below \r\nU.S. Environmental Protection Agency-established maximum \r\ncontaminant levels for public drinking water supplies.\r\n\r\n     Statistical analyses were performed on 39 of the chemical \r\nconstituents analyzed for in ground water from the chromic acid \r\npit monitoring wells. Concentrations of chloride and fluoride \r\nwere significantly less in water from the downgradient wells than \r\nin water from the upgradient well, whereas concentrations of \r\nnitrate as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and \r\ndissolved solids were significantly greater in water from the \r\ndowngradient wells than in water from the upgradient well. \r\nConcentrations of nitrate as nitrogen were significantly \r\ndifferent in water from the two downgradient wells. Differences \r\ndetected through statistical analysis of chemical constituents of \r\nwater in the chromic acid pit monitoring wells did not appear to \r\nindicate a release of hazardous chemicals from the chromic acid \r\npit. There was no indication of ground-water contamination in \r\neither downgradient well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964035","usgsCitation":"Abeyta, C.G., and Thomas, C.L., 1996, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of the chromic acid pit site, U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss, El Paso, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4035, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964035.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":54624,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4035/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394277,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48400.htm"},{"id":123102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4035/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"El Paso","otherGeospatial":"U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.4405,\n              31.8597\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3728,\n              31.8597\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.3728,\n              31.8178\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4405,\n              31.8178\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4405,\n              31.8597\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, C. L.","contributorId":43802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29781,"text":"wri964120 - 1996 - Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of Valley Forge National Historical Park, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T10:35:17","indexId":"wri964120","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4120","title":"Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of Valley Forge National Historical Park, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>Valley Forge National Historical Park is just southwest of the Commodore Semiconductor Group (CSG) National Priorities List (Superfund) Site, a source of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in ground water. The 7.5-square-mile study area includes the part of the park in Lower Providence and West Norriton Townships in Montgomery County, Pa., and surrounding vicinity. The park is underlain by sedimentary rocks of the Upper Triassic age stockton Formation. A potentiometric-surface map constructed from water levels measured in 59 wells shows a cone of depression, approximately 0.5 mile in diameter, centered near the CSG Site. The cone of depression is caused by the pumping of six public supply wells. A ground-water divide between the cone of depression and Valley Forge National Historical Park provides a hydraulic barrier to the flow of ground water and contaminants from the CSG Site to the park. If pumping in the cone of depression was to cease, water levels would recover, and the ground-water divide would shift to the north. A hydraulic gradient between the CSG Site and the Schuylkill River would be established, causing contaminated ground water to flow to the park.</p><p>Water samples were collected from 12 wells within the park boundary and 9 wells between the park boundary and the ground-water divide to the north of the park. All water samples were analyzed for physical properties (field determinations), nutrients, common ions, metals and other trace constituents, and VOC's. Water samples from the 12 wells inside the park boundary also were analyzed for pesticides. Concentrations of inorganic constituents in the water samples did not exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels. Very low concentrations of organic compounds were detected in some of the water samples. VOC's were detected in water from 76 percent of the wells sampled; the maximum concentration detected was 5.8 micrograms per liter of chloroform. The most commonly detected VOC was chloroform. The second most commonly detected compound was methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which was detected in water from 24 percent of wells sampled. Several pesticides were detected in water samples collected from within the park boundaries.: chlordane, DDD, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor epoxide, and simazine. Concentrations of the detected pesticides were 0.1 micrograms per liter or less and did not exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri964120","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R.A., and McManus, B.C., 1996, Hydrogeology and ground-water quality of Valley Forge National Historical Park, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4120, v, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964120.","productDescription":"v, 35 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119629,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4120/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":2488,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4120/wri19964120.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.14 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 1996-4120"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"&quot;mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov:\" data-mce-href=\"&quot;mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov:\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Hydrogeology</li><li>Ground-water quality</li><li>Summary and conclusions</li><li>References cited&nbsp;</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62583c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, Ronald A. rasloto@usgs.gov","contributorId":424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"Ronald","email":"rasloto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":202114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McManus, B. Craig","contributorId":70365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McManus","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"Craig","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26732,"text":"wri964141 - 1996 - Occurrence and concentrations of volatile organic compounds in shallow ground water in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-06T20:08:33.60799","indexId":"wri964141","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-4141","title":"Occurrence and concentrations of volatile organic compounds in shallow ground water in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a regional assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOC's) in ground water from six sampling areas within the Lower Susquehanna River Basin. The sampling areas, selected to represent aquifers where ground water is used as a drinking water supply, include four areas underlain by limestone, one area underlain by crystalline bedrock, and one area underlain by interbedded sandstone and shale. The land use is rural in five areas and urban in one area. Samples were collected in 1993-95 from 118 wells ranging from 30 to 226 feet deep.</p><p>Analyses for 60 VOC's at detection levels ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 mg/L (micrograms per liter) reveal the presence of 24 compounds. The compounds were present in water from 32 of the 118 wells. Methyl tert-butyl ether was the most commonly detected compound. Concentrations of methyl tert-butyl ether, found in 16 of the 118 wells, ranged from 0.11 to 51 mg/L. Chloroform was the second most commonly detected compound. The highest concentration detected in a water sample was 61 mg/L of chloroform. None of the detections in samples from wells used as drinking water supplies exceeded the Maximum Contaminant Levels or Lifetime Health Advisory Levels established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, the 51 mg/L of methyl tert-butyl ether, detected in water from a monitoring well, is in the 20 to 200 mg/L range proposed for a Lifetime Health Advisory Level.</p><p>The occurrence of VOC's in limestone aquifers in the Great Valley near Harrisburg, Pa., is influenced by land use. VOC's occur more frequently in the urban area than in the agricultural area. Within the urban area, analyses of samples from wells, springs, and a spring-fed stream show contaminated ground water discharging from springs and flowing into the stream.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri964141","usgsCitation":"Daly, M.H., and Lindsey, B., 1996, Occurrence and concentrations of volatile organic compounds in shallow ground water in the Lower Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania and Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4141, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri964141.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48490.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":332832,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4141/wri19964141.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1996/4141/4141revised/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lower Susquehanna River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.7833,\n              39.5667\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7833,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5,\n              41\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.5,\n              39.5667\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.7833,\n              39.5667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_pa@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://pa.water.usgs.gov/\">Pennsylvania Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 215 Limekiln Road<br> New Cumberland, PA 17070</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69634c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daly, Matthew H.","contributorId":101286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daly","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":196904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26685,"text":"wri954269 - 1996 - Water quality of surficial aquifers in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-19T20:30:26.795536","indexId":"wri954269","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"95-4269","title":"Water quality of surficial aquifers in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"The National Water Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey established the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study unit in 1991. The ground-water study-unit survey was conducted in 1993 to provide a broad over-view of water quality in surficial aquifers. Three land resource provinces were included in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain study-unit survey: the Central Florida Ridge, the Coastal Flatwoods, and the Southern Coastal Plain. The U.S. Geological Survey sampled 37 wells in surficial aquifers, 18 in the Coastal Flatwoods and 19 in the Southern Coastal Plain. The Florida Department of Environmental Protection sampled 27 wells tapping surficial aquifers in the Central Florida Ridge as part of the background ground-water quality monitoring network from 1985 through 1989. The data were used to characterize water quality in surficial aquifers of the Central Florida Ridge. Results of the study-unit survey indicated that dissolved solids concentrations in ground water were mostly less than 100 mg/L (milligrams per liter). Higher medians of pH, specific conductance, and concentrations of calcium, bicarbonate, and dissolved solids were measured in samples from the Central Florida Ridge compared to the Southern Coastal Plain and Coastal Flatwoods, probably because of a greater percentage of carbonate minerals in aquifer materials. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency secondary maximum contaminant level for iron of 300 ug/L (micrograms per liter) in drinking water was exceeded in 15 of 45 samples. Concentrations of nitrate as nitrogen were less than 3.0 mg/L in most samples (74 percent), indicating little or no influence from human activity. Only five samples (9 percent) had concentrations above 10 mg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level for nitrate concentration in drinking water. Significantly lower median concentrations of nitrate were measured in samples from polyvinyl chloride monitoring wells with diameters less than 6 inches than in large diameter, uncased, or iron-cased wells. The median nitrate concentration was 0.05 mg/L in water from monitoring wells, 1.0 mg/L in samples from iron cased wells, and 2.0 mg/L in samples from uncased wells. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds were mostly less than the detection levels and exceeded 1 ug/L in only four samples. Compounds detected at concentrations greater than 1 ug/L were: tetrachloroethane (8.77 ug/L), toluene (23 ug/L) and chloromethane (21 ug/L). Atrazine, desethyl-atrazine, and metolachlor were the only pesticides detected; concentrations were less than 0.02 ug/L, except for metolachlor (2.5 ug/L). Detection of organic compounds in surficial aquifer may be associated with specific activities or sources near the well. Concentrations of radon exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed maximum contaminant level of 300 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) in 33 samples from wells on the Coastal Flatwoods and the Southern Coastal Plain. Concentrations as high as 13,000 pCi/L were detected in northern Florida. Although uranium concentrations were less than 1 ug/L in all but one sample (1.3 ug/L) from the Southern Coastal Plain, elevated radon concentrations indicate that uranium is present in aquifer material. Uranium is most likely sorbed to iron oxides and clays in subsurface materials. Tritium concentrations indicated that ground water was recharged by precipitation during the past 40 years. Higher concentrations of tritium in ground water were found in the northern part of the study area and may be related to Savannah River Nuclear Facility.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri954269","usgsCitation":"Crandall, C.A., and Berndt, M.P., 1996, Water quality of surficial aquifers in the Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 95-4269, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri954269.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158849,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410731,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_48342.htm"},{"id":2042,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri954269","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Georgia-Florida Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85,\n              33.2333\n            ],\n            [\n              -85,\n              27.6833\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.45,\n              27.6833\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.45,\n              33.2333\n            ],\n            [\n              -85,\n              33.2333\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478ee4b07f02db489e2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandall, C. A.","contributorId":93943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berndt, M. P.","contributorId":74761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24135,"text":"ofr96246 - 1996 - Selected well and ground-water chemistry data for the Boise River Valley, southwestern Idaho, 1990-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-15T13:42:04","indexId":"ofr96246","displayToPublicDate":"1997-01-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"96-246","title":"Selected well and ground-water chemistry data for the Boise River Valley, southwestern Idaho, 1990-95","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 903 wells in the Boise River Valley, Idaho, from January 1990 through December 1995. Selected well information and analyses of 1,357 water samples are presented. Analyses include physical properties ad concentrations of nutrients, bacteria, major ions, selected trace elements, radon-222, volatile organic compounds, and pesticides.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr96246","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., Boyle, L., and Nicholls, S., 1996, Selected well and ground-water chemistry data for the Boise River Valley, southwestern Idaho, 1990-95: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-246, iii, 199 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr96246.","productDescription":"iii, 199 p.","numberOfPages":"197","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"1995-12-30","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0246/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":53287,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1996/0246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"10000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area projection","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Boise River Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.75,43.5 ], [ -116.75,43.75 ], [ -116.0,43.75 ], [ -116.0,43.5 ], [ -116.75,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3acb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyle, Linda","contributorId":25600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nicholls, Sabrina","contributorId":106532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholls","given":"Sabrina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":191383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}