A study by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1981 through 1984, in cooperation with the Carnelian-Marine Watershed District and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, investigated the causes of large lake-level fluctuations at Big Marine Lake. Historic records document that Big Marine Lake has changed substantially in surface area during the period 1847 through 1983; the maximum lake-surface area was 2,300 acres in 1847, and the minimum lake-surface area was 890 acres in 1938. A change in lake level of about 11 feet caused these changes in surface area. Serious flooding of lake-shore properties has occurred in recent years because residential development commonly took place during periods of relatively low-lake level during the 1950's and 1960's.
\nEvaporation from the lake was estimated to be approximately equal to incident precipitation on the lake surface on an annual basis. Big Marine Lake does not have a surface-water inlet, and the outlet from the lake is at an elevation well above the stage at which lake-shore property is flooded. Hydrogeologic and geochemical data collected during the study show that (1) fluctuation of water levels at Big Marine Lake is controlled primarily by ground-water discharge to and seepage from the lake, (2) water in the drift aquifer and water in the lake are chemically similar, and (3) changes in the potentiometric surface of the bedrock aquifer have minor effects on changes in lake level.
\nLong-term trends in cumulative departure from mean annual precipitation suggest that recharge to the drift aquifer in the area has been increasing since the 1940's. The increase in precipitation and recharge corresponds to the observed rise in lake level since 1965 when regular lake-level measurements began. Fluctuations in lake level in the future will depend on changes in recharge to the drift and bedrock aquifers, which is directly related to changes in long-term precipitation patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854176","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Carnelian-Marine Watershed District and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1985, Hydrologic factors affecting lake-level fluctuations in Big Marine Lake, Washington County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4176, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854176.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55170,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4176/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4176/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396263,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36330.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Washington County","otherGeospatial":"Big Marine Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.92,\n 45.27\n ],\n [\n -93.92,\n 45.125\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 45.125\n ],\n [\n -93.75,\n 45.27\n ],\n [\n -93.92,\n 45.27\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606b42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30484,"text":"wri854324 - 1985 - Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T12:10:51.838964","indexId":"wri854324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4324","title":"Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, geologic, and partial water quality data were collected at 90 selected springs in west-central Utah, and chemical analyses performed on water samples from 62 of the springs. Descriptions of the physiographic and geologic conditions, climate, and vegetation patterns for the study area are included. Allowable limits of certain chemical constituents in water for human and livestock consumption are included with the water quality data. Three classifications of springs were established based on physical characteristics of the springs, and chemical composition of the springflow: (1) mountain springs; (2) non-thermal valley springs, and (3) thermal valley springs. Mountain springs are in and near recharge areas, have seasonal variations of discharge and temperature, typically discharge from extrusive and metamorphic geohydrologic units, and generally discharge freshwater. Non-thermal valley springs are peripheral to recharge areas, have seasonal variations of discharge and temperature, typically discharge from a variety of geohydrologic units, and have variable water composition. Thermal valley springs are near topographic low areas of valleys , and have little seasonal variation of discharge or temperature. They typically discharge from unconsolidated deposits (but the discharge probably has flowed through buried carbonate geohydrologic units). They also have a considerable range of water composition that reflects the relative complexity of the groundwater system. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854324","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, D., and Stolp, B., 1985, Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4324, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854324.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59266,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59267,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County, Millard County, Tooele County, Utah County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":30485,"text":"wri854234 - 1985 - Effects of land use and surficial geology on flow and water quality of streams in the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, October 1979 through September 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:29:43","indexId":"wri854234","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4234","title":"Effects of land use and surficial geology on flow and water quality of streams in the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, October 1979 through September 1980","docAbstract":"An assessment of streams in the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana was done from October 1979 through September 1980 during stable stream flows to provide baseline hydrologic and water-quality information and to document the effect of several natural and human-induced factors on water quality in the region.
\nStreams in southwestern Indiana are generally well buffered against acidification from acid-mine drainage because they flow upon calcareous unconsolidated surficial deposits and bedrock. The pH of streams draining forested, agricultural, and reclaimed mined watersheds ranged from 6.3 to 8.8, which is generally within the range of natural waters. The pH of streams draining unreclaimed mined watersheds ranged from 3.8 to 7.9, which was much more variable than for streams draining lands used for other activities.
\nConcentrations of major dissolved constituents in streams affected by coal mining were significantly higher than in streams unaffected by mining. The principal cause of the elevated concentrations of dissolved constituents was the oxidation of pyrite and marcasite and subsequent dissolution of calcite and dolomite. The principal water type of streams draining forested and agricultural watersheds was calcium bicarbonate, whereas the principal water types of streams draining mined watersheds were magnesium sulfate and magnesiumcalcium sulfate.
\nConcentrations of boron, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc were generally higher in streams draining mined areas than in streams draining forested and agricultural watersheds. Median concentrations of iron and manganese were lower in streams draining reclaimed mined watersheds than in streams draining unreclaimed mined watersheds; this suggests that post-1967 surface-mine reclamation techniques have been effective at reducing concentrations of these metals in streams. Concentrations of aluminum, iron, manganese, nickel, and zinc increased significantly as pH decreased below 6.0 in streams draining unreclaimed mined watersheds. The elevated concentrations of metals in waters and the low pH result from the oxidation of the sulfide in pyrite to sulfate, which releases dissolved ferrous iron, other metals, and acidity into the water.
\nMedian suspended-sediment concentrations of samples from streams draining agricultural and mined watersheds were 1.5 and 5.4 times those of streams draining forested watersheds. Suspended sediment in streams was composed primarily of silt and clay-sized particles.
\nThe effect of surficial geology on stream quality was evident for several dissolved constituents in forested and agricultural watersheds. In general, pH and concentrations of alkalinity and calcium were significantly higher in streams draining the Wisconsin glacial province than in streams draining the Illinoian glacial province and unglaciated regions. The higher pH and concentrations of these constituents suggests that there is greater dissolution of carbonate minerals in the Wisconsin glacial province than the other regions. Median concentrations of arsenic, lead, and manganese for streams draining the Wisconsin glacial province were significantly lower than for those constituents in streams draining the Illinoian province and unglaciated region. The median cadmium concentration for streams draining the Wisconsin glacial province was lower than for streams draining the unglaciated region. These differences may have been due to lower solubilities of metal and trace elements at higher pH values in the Wisconsin glacial province than in the Illinoian glacial province and the unglaciated region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri854234","usgsCitation":"Wilber, W.G., Renn, D.E., and Crawford, C.G., 1985, Effects of land use and surficial geology on flow and water quality of streams in the coal-mining region of southwestern Indiana, October 1979 through September 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4234, vi, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854234.","productDescription":"vi, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59269,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4234/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4234/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 40.551374198715166\n ],\n [\n -86.4129638671875,\n 40.551374198715166\n ],\n [\n -86.4129638671875,\n 37.83148014503288\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 37.83148014503288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilber, William G. wgwilber@usgs.gov","contributorId":297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilber","given":"William","email":"wgwilber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":203333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Renn, Danny E.","contributorId":14808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renn","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30629,"text":"wri854172 - 1985 - Geochemistry and hydrology of thermal springs in the Idaho Batholith and adjacent areas, central Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T14:01:02","indexId":"wri854172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4172","title":"Geochemistry and hydrology of thermal springs in the Idaho Batholith and adjacent areas, central Idaho","docAbstract":"The occurrence of nature of thermal springs in the Idaho batholith and adjacent areas suggest a relation between structural controls and deeply circulating hot-water systems. Springs issuing from granitic rocks are associated mostly with major regional fault structures. Springs issuing from other rocks probably are related to local faulting. Individual spring flows and water temperatures are variable and range from less than 1 gallon per minute to 2,710 gallons per minute and from 20.5 degrees to 94.0 degrees Celsius. Annual spring discharge is at least 27,000 acre-feet; heat discharges convectively is estimated to be 5.0 x 107 calories per second. Thermal springs discharge relatively dilute water; dissolved solids range from 103 to 839 milligrams per liter. The chemical quality of the water suggests deep circulation of meteoric water. Estimated reservoir temperatures are generally less than 100 degrees Celsius, but temperatures for several springs exceed 150 degrees Celsius. Stable-isotope data suggest that most of the thermal water is not derived from current precipitation. Carbon-14 values indicate that thermal waters are old; apparent residence times range from 9,000 to more than 40,000 years.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854172","usgsCitation":"Young, H., 1985, Geochemistry and hydrology of thermal springs in the Idaho Batholith and adjacent areas, central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4172, Report: iii, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 33.92 x 35.78 inches and 34.62 x 36.35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854172.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 33.92 x 35.78 inches and 34.62 x 36.35 inches","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4172/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59389,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4172/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59390,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4172/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho Batholith","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,41.99 ], [ -117.24,49.0 ], [ -111.04,49.0 ], [ -111.04,41.99 ], [ -117.24,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab73f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H.W.","contributorId":68278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26358,"text":"wri854125 - 1985 - Hydrology of coal-lease areas near Durango, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri854125","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4125","title":"Hydrology of coal-lease areas near Durango, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Bureau of Land Management leases Federal lands and minerals for coal mining near Durango, Colorado. This report addresses the hydrologic suitability of those lands for coal leasing; the report describes the general hydrology of the Durango area and, more specifically, the hydrology of the Stollsteimer Creek study area 32 miles east of the Durango and the Hay Gulch study area, 12 miles southwest of Durango. The most productive aquifers in the Durango study area are Quaternary alluvium and the tertiary Animas Formation. Water wells completed in alluvium typically yield 5 to 20 gallons/min; wells completed is the Animas Formation yield as much as 50 gallons/min. Water quality in these aquifers is variable, but it generally is suitable for domestic use. The coal-bearing Cretaceous Fruitland and Menefee Formations are mined by surface methods at the Chimney Rock Mine in the Stollsteimer Creek study area and by underground methods at the National King Coal Mine in the Hay Gulch study area. Effects of surface mining in the Stollsteimer Creek area are: (1) Dewatering of an alluvial aquifer; and (2) Local degradation of alluvium water quality by spoil-pile effluent. Effects of underground mining in the Hay Gulch area are: (1) Introduction of water with greater dissolved-solids concentrations into the upper Hay Gulch alluvium from mine runoff; (2) Subsidence fracturing which could dewater streams and the alluvial aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854125","usgsCitation":"Brooks, T., 1985, Hydrology of coal-lease areas near Durango, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4125, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854125.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4125/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55153,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4125/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667028","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Tom","contributorId":76356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Tom","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30650,"text":"wri854226 - 1985 - Hydrology and water-quality monitoring considerations, Jackpile uranium mine, northwestern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri854226","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4226","title":"Hydrology and water-quality monitoring considerations, Jackpile uranium mine, northwestern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Jackpile Uranium Mine, which is on the Pueblo of Laguna in northwestern New Mexico, was operated from 1953 to 1980. The mine and facilities have affected 3,141 acres of land, and about 2,656 acres were yet to be reclaimed by late 1980. The intended use of the restored land is stock grazing. Fractured Dakota Sandstone and Mancos Shale of Cretaceous age overlie the Jackpile sandstone and a 200-ft-thick tight mudstone unit of the Brushy Basin Member underlies the Jackpile. The hydraulic conductivity of the Jackpile sandstone probably is about 0.3 ft/day. The small storage coefficients determined from three aquifer tests indicate that the Jackpile sandstone is a confined hydrologic system throughout much of the mine area. Sediment from the Rio Paguate has nearly filled the Paguate Reservoir near Laguna since its construction in 1940. The mean concentrations of uranium, Ra-226, and other trace elements generally were less than permissible limits established in national drinking water regulations or New Mexico State groundwater regulations. No individual surface water samples collected upstream from the mine contained concentrations of Ra-226 in excess of the permissible limits. Ra-226 concentrations in many individual samples collected from the Rio Paguate from near the mouth of the Rio Moquino to the sampling sites along the downstream reach of the Rio Paguate, however, exceeded the recommended permissible concentration of Ra-226 for public drinking water supplies. Concentrations in surface water apparently are changed by groundwater inflow near the confluence of the two streams. The altitude of the water tables in the backfill of the pits will be controlled partly by the water level in the Rio Paguate. Other factors controlling the altitudes of the water tables are the recharge rate to the backfill and the hydraulic conductivities of the backfill, alluvium, Jackpile sandstone, and mudstone unit of the Brushy Basin Member. After reclamation, most of the shallow groundwater probably will discharge to the natural stream channels draining the mine area. Groundwater quality may be monitored as: (1) ' Limited monitoring, ' in which only the change in water quality is determined as the groundwater flows from the mine; or (2) ' thorough monitoring, ' in which specific sources of possible contaminants are described. (Author 's Abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854226","usgsCitation":"Zehner, H., 1985, Hydrology and water-quality monitoring considerations, Jackpile uranium mine, northwestern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4226, vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854226.","productDescription":"vi, 61 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4226/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59422,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4226/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59423,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4226/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e78b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zehner, H.H.","contributorId":105322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zehner","given":"H.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26261,"text":"wri834024 - 1985 - The ground-water system in the LaGrange Aquifer near LaGrange, southeastern Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-20T16:03:07","indexId":"wri834024","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4024","title":"The ground-water system in the LaGrange Aquifer near LaGrange, southeastern Wyoming","docAbstract":"Groundwater is being developed from the La Grange aquifer in southeastern Wyoming. It consists of saturated permeable alluvium that is hydraulically connected with most of the underlying White River Group. In the area of principal interest east of Horse Creek, Hawk Springs Reservoir and 14 adjacent wells used to supplement surface-water supply in the reservoir are in a natural discharge area. Upgradient of the reservoir there are 28 irrigation wells in about a 6-square-mile area. In this area, water levels declined between 3 and 12 feet from 1973 to 1978 causing concern about the effects of well pumpage on the hydrologic system. A digital model was developed and used to simulate the two-dimensional groundwater flow system in the unconfined La Grange aquifer. Transient simulations were made for 1973-78 using 12 time periods and for 1978-80 using 25 time periods. The calibrated digital model was used to simulate four 6-month pumping alternatives including three hypothetical alternatives for the area of principal interest east of Horse Creek. The reservoir altitude was held constant, approximating a reservoir volume 7,000 acre-feet. Pumping alternative 1 simulated historic conditions for 1973-78 including monthly recharge from precipitation which was included in the next three pumping alternatives. For pumping alternative 1, the calculated rate of discharge at the end of the 6-month simulation was 5.2 cubic feet per second from the aquifer to the reservoir. At the end of the 6-month simulations for pumping alternatives 2 and 3, the calculated rate of discharge to the reservoir was decreased to 0.4 cubic feet per second by pumpage from the 14 wells and to 3.8 cubic feet per second by pumpage from the 28 irrigation wells. For pumping alternative 4, pumpage from the total 42 wells resulted in a 1.0 cubic feet per second loss from the reservoir to the aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834024","usgsCitation":"Borchert, W.B., 1985, The ground-water system in the LaGrange Aquifer near LaGrange, southeastern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4024, vi, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834024.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55068,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55072,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110156,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_35670.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"35670"},{"id":55069,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55070,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55071,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4024/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655587","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borchert, W. B.","contributorId":34965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borchert","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26214,"text":"wri844347 - 1985 - Low flows and flow duration of Tennessee streams through 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:33","indexId":"wri844347","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4347","title":"Low flows and flow duration of Tennessee streams through 1981","docAbstract":"Estimates of low-flow characteristics and flow duration for the period of record at continuous-record streamflow gages are essential in hydrologic studies and water-resources management. This report provides estimates of low flow for 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 consecutive days for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10 , and 20 years for continuous-record streamflow gages in Tennessee. These estimates were used in correlation methods to estimate low flow at partial-record streamflow sites for 1, 3, and 7 consecutive days for a recurrence interval of 10 years; and 3 consecutive days for a recurrence interval of 20 years. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844347","usgsCitation":"Bingham, R., 1985, Low flows and flow duration of Tennessee streams through 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4347, iii, 325 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844347.","productDescription":"iii, 325 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2104,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri844347","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119111,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_84_4347.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a74e4b07f02db64491c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bingham, R.H.","contributorId":37301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bingham","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26078,"text":"wri844305 - 1985 - Hydrology of the southern parts of Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida, with special emphasis on the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-10T21:38:36.387139","indexId":"wri844305","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4305","title":"Hydrology of the southern parts of Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida, with special emphasis on the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer","docAbstract":"Increasing population in southern Okaloosa and Walton Counties have resulted in regional declines in the potentiometric surface of the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer. Water levels have declined as much as 160 feet since 1940, and during peak seasonal demand as much as 190 feet. The Pensacola clay confining bed inhibits interchange of water between the Floridan aquifer and the surficial sand-and-gravel aquifer. The latter aquifer is of secondary importance as a public supply source. The Bucatunna clay confining bed separates the Floridan into upper and lower limestone units; the Floridan is underlain by the relatively impermeable Lisbon/Tallahatta confining unit. The Floridan aquifer dips south to the Gulf of Mexico, and is recharged by rainfall in northern Okaloosa and Walton Counties and in Alabama. The regional gradient of the potentiometric surface of the upper limestone, and presumably that of the lower limstone also, is south. Pumpage was variable in 1978; from 10.9 to 19.0 million gallons per day in January and June, respectively. Saline water in the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer is less than 10 milligrams per liter inland but may be more than 150 milligrams per liter along the coast. Lower limestone water may exceed 250 milligrams per liter chloride.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844305","usgsCitation":"Barr, D.E., Hayes, L.R., and Kwader, T., 1985, Hydrology of the southern parts of Okaloosa and Walton Counties, northwest Florida, with special emphasis on the upper limestone of the Floridan aquifer: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4305, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844305.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411671,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36146.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54850,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4305/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123434,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4305/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Okaloosa County, Walton County","otherGeospatial":"Florida aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.817,\n 30.417\n ],\n [\n -86.083,\n 30.417\n ],\n [\n -86.083,\n 30.717\n ],\n [\n -86.817,\n 30.717\n ],\n [\n -86.817,\n 30.417\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667057","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, D. E.","contributorId":55469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, L. R.","contributorId":50931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwader, Thomas","contributorId":9301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwader","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26017,"text":"wri854163 - 1985 - Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Howe area, Lagrange County, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T19:14:27.140314","indexId":"wri854163","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4163","title":"Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Howe area, Lagrange County, Indiana","docAbstract":"Geometry and hydraulic characteristics of a 46.5 sq mi area of the sand and gravel outwash-aquifer system between Fawn and Pigeon Rivers in Lagrange County were defined in a study of the effect of current and potential uses of water on the aquifer, streams, lakes, and wetlands. There are three aquifers: Aquifer 1, a surficial water table aquifer that ranges from 10 to 60 ft in thickness, hydraulic conductivity of 210 ft/d, and transmissivity of 5,000 to 16,000 sq ft/day. Aquifer 2 ranges from 50 to 110 ft in thickness, hydraulic conductivity of 360 ft/d, and transmissivity ranges of 5,000 to 35,000 sq ft/day. Aquifer 3 ranges from zero to 200 ft in thickness, hydraulic conductivity of 25 ft/d, and transmissivity of zero to 5,000 sq ft/d. A three-layer digital flow model was calibrated to steady-state water levels during autumn 1982. The effects of current and potential development of irrigation on the groundwater and surface water systems were estimated by transient simulations of five pumping plans. The effect of year-round pumping was estimated by steady-state simulation of a sixth plan. Plan 1 was a simulation of current irrigational development with pumpage equal to that which supplied water to crops in 1982. Maximum simulated drawdowns were 4 ft in layer 1 and 14 ft in layers 2 and 3. Simulated drawdowns were greater than those observed in 1982. Plans 2 and 3 were simulations of the current irrigational development with pumping rates that would supply water to crops in a normal and in a dry year. The effect on the hydrologic system by pumping in plans 2 and 3, therefore, is minimal. Plans 4 and 5 were simulations of maximum potential irrigational development that would supply water to a corn crop during a normal and a dry year. The maximum simulated drawdowns for plan 4 were 14, 30, and 31 ft in aquifers 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Maximum drawdowns for plan 5 were 15, 32, and 31 ft in aquifers 1, 2 and 3.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854163","usgsCitation":"Bailey, Z., Greeman, T., and Crompton, E., 1985, Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Howe area, Lagrange County, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4163, vii, 130 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854163.","productDescription":"vii, 130 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":396262,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36320.htm"},{"id":54791,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4163/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4163/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana, Michigan","county":"Branch County, Lagrange County, Saint Joseph County","otherGeospatial":"Fawn River, Pigeon River, Saint Joseph River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.548,\n 41.665\n ],\n [\n -85.278,\n 41.665\n ],\n [\n -85.278,\n 41.79\n ],\n [\n -85.548,\n 41.79\n ],\n [\n -85.548,\n 41.665\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e481de4b07f02db4df6c5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greeman, T. K.","contributorId":58275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeman","given":"T. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crompton, E. J.","contributorId":70412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":25972,"text":"wri854089 - 1985 - The geohydrologic system and probable effects of mining in the Sand Creek-Hanks lignite area, western Williams County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-10T21:13:04.701978","indexId":"wri854089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4089","title":"The geohydrologic system and probable effects of mining in the Sand Creek-Hanks lignite area, western Williams County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"The investigation was undertaken to define the geohydrology of the Sand Creek-Hanks area and to project probable hydrologic effects of lignite mining on the area.
Aquifers occur in sandstone beds in the Fox Hills Sandstone and the Hell Creek Formation of Cretaceous age and in sandstone lenses and lignite beds in the Tongue River and Sentinel Butte Members of the Fort Union Formation of Tertiary age.
The top of the Fox Hills aquifer ranges from about 1,200 to 2,000 feet below land surface. Yields of wells completed in the aquifer could be as much as 60 gallons per minute. Water in the Fox Hills aquifer is a sodium bicarbonate type and generally
Depths to the top of the Hell Creek aquifer range from about 900 to 1,600 feet. Well yields range from less than 10 to 40 gallons per minute. Water in the aquifer is a sodium bicarbonate type and generally contains between 1,000 and 2,200 milligrams per liter dissolved solids.
Depths to aquifers in the Tongue River and Sentinel Butte Members of Fort Union Formation range from near land surface to about 1,000 feet below land surface. Wells completed in the aquifers may yield as much as 40 gallons per minute of sodium bicarbonate or a sodium sulfate type water that contains about 800 to 4,100 milligrams per liter dissolved solids.
Glacial drift covers most of the study area. The drift thickness ranges from a veneer to about 380 feet. Well yields range from a few gallons per minute to 900 gallons per minute. Dissolved-solids concentrations in water from the glacial drift generally range from 477 to 2,050 milligrams per liter.
Mining of lignite will destroy all aquifers in and above the mined lignite and will expose overburden to oxidation. Leaching will cause an increase in dissolved solids in ground water immediately beneath the mines and possibly will cause some increase in the dissolved solids in low flows in area streams.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854089","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, C.A., 1985, The geohydrologic system and probable effects of mining in the Sand Creek-Hanks lignite area, western Williams County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4089, Report: v, 36 p.; 3 Plates: 15.07 × 14.51 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854089.","productDescription":"Report: v, 36 p.; 3 Plates: 15.07 × 14.51 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4089/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54722,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4089/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54720,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4089/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54721,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4089/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":410644,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_49201.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Williams County","otherGeospatial":"Sand Creek-Hanks lignite area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.6,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -103.6,\n 48.667\n ],\n [\n -104.0417,\n 48.667\n ],\n [\n -104.0417,\n 48\n ],\n [\n -103.6,\n 48\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65da1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25868,"text":"wri854092 - 1985 - Description of water-systems operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:31","indexId":"wri854092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4092","title":"Description of water-systems operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"To facilitate a current project modeling the hydrology of the Arkansas River basin in Colorado, a description of the regulation of water in the basin is necessary. The geographic and climatic setting of the Arkansas River basin that necessitates the use, reuse, importation, and storage of water are discussed. The history of water-resource development in the basin, leading to the present complex of water systems, also is discussed. Municipal, irrigation, industrial, and multipurpose water systems are described. System descriptions are illustrated with schematic line drawings, and supplemented with physical data tables for the lakes, tunnels, conduits, and canals in the various systems. Copies of criteria under which certain of the water systems operate, are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854092","usgsCitation":"Abbott, P., 1985, Description of water-systems operations in the Arkansas River basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4092, xii, 67 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854092.","productDescription":"xii, 67 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123984,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4092/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54617,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4092/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54618,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4092/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54619,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4092/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54620,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4092/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54621,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4092/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668ffd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abbott, P.O.","contributorId":21154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"P.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25598,"text":"wri854166 - 1985 - Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Milford area, Elkhart and Kosciusko counties, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T10:15:07","indexId":"wri854166","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4166","title":"Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Milford area, Elkhart and Kosciusko counties, Indiana","docAbstract":"Agricultural irrigation in northern Indiana has increased rapidly since 1975 and might double by the year 2000. A 16.5 square-mile area in north-central Indiana was studied to determine possible effects of increased irrigation on local water supply. In 1982, an average of 2 inches of water was used to irrigate 975 acres of sandy soil overlying highly transmissive outwash deposits. Irrigational pumpage was 75 percent of the summer water use but was less than potential irrigational pumpage because (1) only one-third of the suitable land was irrigated, and (2) precipitation was near normal for the year.
\nA three-dimensional digital flow model, calibrated with data collected in 1982, was used to simulate four hypothetical pumping plans representing various irrigational schemes and possible rainfall conditions: (1) 1982 acreage irrigated and 1982 (above normal) precipitation; (2) 1982 acreage irrigated and below-normal precipitation; (3) maximum acreage irrigated and normal precipitation; and (4) maximum acreage irrigated and below-normal precipitation. A fifth pumping plan was used to simulate maximum year-round water use. Plan 5 was not designed to simulate irrigational development but rather a maximum rate of withdrawal sustainable year-round until steady-state is reached.
\nOf the four pumping plans that simulated irrigational pumpage, plan 4 had the greatest effect on ground- and surface-water supply. Compared with 1982 pumpage, this plan represented a thirteenfold increase in the volume of water pumped for irrigation from wells and from Turkey Creek, a stream bordering the area of study. The model predicted a potentiometric decline of as much as 20.7 feet over an 8-acre area of the aquifer. This decline was one-fourth of the available drawdown and would not dewater the source aquifer. Streamflow in Turkey Creek would be reduced 39 percent by simulated ground-water and surface-water pumpage but remaining flow would still be twice the 7-day, 10-year low flow. However, the model predicted that flow in two smaller streams would be reduced to zero.
\nThe rate of pumping used in plan 5 was nearly 4 times the pumping rate in 1982. Potentiometric decline for plan 5 was as much as 40 percent of available drawdown, and predicted streamflow reduction would cause flow in Turkey Creek to decrease below the 7-day, 10-year low flow.
\nResults of plans 1, 2, 3, and 4 indicate that the outwash system provides adequate water for current (1982) needs and substantial growth for irrigation. However, maximum irrigational development might cause temporary, local competition for water in several parts of the area. Plan 5 indicates .that water use could increase substantially before effects of pumping would prevail year-round.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri854166","collaboration":"Indiana Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, H., Peters, J.G., Cohen, D., and Crompton, E., 1985, Hydrologic effects of ground- and surface-water withdrawals in the Milford area, Elkhart and Kosciusko counties, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4166, vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854166.","productDescription":"vi, 75 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"75","numberOfPages":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4166/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4166/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","county":"Elkhart, Kosciusko","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-85.7874,41.7615],[-85.7591,41.7613],[-85.6606,41.7608],[-85.6589,41.699],[-85.6575,41.6122],[-85.6554,41.5251],[-85.6542,41.4733],[-85.6552,41.4384],[-85.6538,41.3521],[-85.6527,41.2949],[-85.6518,41.2668],[-85.6522,41.1787],[-85.6876,41.179],[-85.6856,41.0896],[-85.6849,41.0465],[-85.9457,41.0424],[-86.017,41.0414],[-86.0179,41.0863],[-86.0758,41.0851],[-86.0777,41.1736],[-86.0539,41.1735],[-86.0574,41.3033],[-86.059,41.4336],[-86.059,41.4367],[-86.0594,41.4644],[-86.0593,41.474],[-86.0593,41.479],[-86.0592,41.4935],[-86.0598,41.4999],[-86.0624,41.7619],[-85.932,41.7623],[-85.7874,41.7615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Elkhart\",\"state\":\"IN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db607040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, H.A.","contributorId":85627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, J. G.","contributorId":56216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohen, D.A.","contributorId":17628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crompton, E. J.","contributorId":70412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":39655,"text":"pp1403F - 1985 - Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in west-central Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":10944,"text":"ofr84611 - 1985 - Hydrology of the Floridan Aquifer system in west-central Florida","indexId":"ofr84611","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrology of the Floridan Aquifer system in west-central Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":39655,"text":"pp1403F - 1985 - Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in west-central Florida","indexId":"pp1403F","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in west-central Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T18:36:26.778332","indexId":"pp1403F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1403","chapter":"F","title":"Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in west-central Florida","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1403F","usgsCitation":"Ryder, P., 1985, Hydrology of the Floridan aquifer system in west-central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1403, Report: 63 p.; 1 Plate: 35.00 x 30.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1403F.","productDescription":"Report: 63 p.; 1 Plate: 35.00 x 30.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67367,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403f/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":484708,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4838.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":119436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403f/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67368,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1403f/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1217,\n 29.7369\n ],\n [\n -83.1217,\n 26.5789\n ],\n [\n -81.4525,\n 26.5789\n ],\n [\n -81.4525,\n 29.7369\n ],\n [\n -83.1217,\n 29.7369\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db601e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryder, P.D.","contributorId":104021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryder","given":"P.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":25526,"text":"wri854030 - 1985 - Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri854030","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4030","title":"Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Test well USW H-4 is one of several wells drilled in the southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site for hydraulic testing, hydrologic monitoring, and geophysical logging. The work was performed in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy. The rocks penetrated by the well to a total depth of 1,219 m were volcanic tuffs of Tertiary age. Hydraulic coefficients calculated from pumping test data indicate that transmissivity ranged from 200 to 790 sq m/day. A radioactive tracer, borehole flow survey indicated that the two most productive zones during this borehole flow survey occurred in the upper part of the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff, depth interval from 721 to 731.5m, and in the underlying part of the Tram Member, depth interval from 864 to 920m. The water is predominantly a sodium biocarbonate type with small concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. The apparent age of this composite water sample was determined by carbon-14 date of 17,200 years before present. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854030","usgsCitation":"Whitfield, M., Eshom, E., Thordarson, W., and Schaefer, D.H., 1985, Geohydrology of rocks penetrated by test well USW H-4, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4030, iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854030.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118981,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4030/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54242,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4030/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitfield, M.S.","contributorId":69547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitfield","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eshom, E.P.","contributorId":83127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eshom","given":"E.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thordarson, William","contributorId":23539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordarson","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaefer, D. H.","contributorId":84763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":40765,"text":"ofr85643 - 1985 - Delineation of the outcrop of the Edwards Aquifer hydrologically associated with Barton Springs in the Austin area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-28T12:09:01","indexId":"ofr85643","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-643","title":"Delineation of the outcrop of the Edwards Aquifer hydrologically associated with Barton Springs in the Austin area, Texas","docAbstract":"This report, prepared in cooperation with the City of Austin, delineates the outcrop of the Edwards aquifer that is hydrologically associated with Barton Springs. The Edwards is a regional aquifer system in central Texas that extends in a narrow belt from Kinney County to Bell County (index map) and lies within an area locally known as the Balcones fault zone. Hydrologic boundaries separate the Edwards auifer into several parts. Barton Springs is the major discharge point of the part of the Edwards aquifer in the Austin area (southern Travis and northern Hays Counties).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr85643","usgsCitation":"Ardis, A.F., Slagle, D., and Snyder, F.R., 1985, Delineation of the outcrop of the Edwards Aquifer hydrologically associated with Barton Springs in the Austin area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-643, 20.25 x 30.96 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr85643.","productDescription":"20.25 x 30.96 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":78079,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1985/0643/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr85643.PNG"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66f6e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Slagle, D.L.","contributorId":83931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snyder, Fred R.","contributorId":104135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44456,"text":"wri854255 - 1985 - Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1983-85","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T09:40:38","indexId":"wri854255","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4255","title":"Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1983-85","docAbstract":"Continuing studies are being made in west-central Kansas to provide up-to-date information to aid in the management of groundwater for irrigation. This report, prepared in cooperation with the Western Kansas Groundwater Management District No. 1, presents the fifth in a series of studies that uses a statistical technique, called kriging, to produce hydrologic maps that are used as management tools.
Kriging is a statistical technique that was used to interpolate water level altitudes at the center of each 1-square-mile section in the study area based on measured water levels at 165 observation wells. These interpolation altitudes (1,859 in all), along with bedrock surface and base year water table altitudes, were used to prepare a geohydrologic map illustrating percentage change in saturated thickness. Saturated thickness, as used in this report, is the thickness of the High Plains aquifer between the groundwater surface indicated by water table altitudes and the bedrock surface. Because irrigation development in west-central Kansas was minimal prior to 1950, the saturated thickness during 1950 represented a nearly static condition in the aquifer. Thus, the effects of irrigation withdrawalson the volume of water in storage could be related to the decrease or percentage change in saturated thickness of the aquifer from 1950 to average saturated thickness during 1983-85.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854255","usgsCitation":"Dague, B.J., 1985, Percentage change in saturated thickness of the High Plains aquifer, west-central Kansas, 1950 to average 1983-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4255, 53.06 x 30.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854255.","productDescription":"53.06 x 30.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":161900,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4255/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359299,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4255/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -100.245,\n 38.3\n ],\n [\n -100.25,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38.55\n ],\n [\n -102,\n 38.3\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a68e4b07f02db63b538","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dague, Barbara J.","contributorId":84811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dague","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44459,"text":"wri854284 - 1985 - Water budget and estimated suspended-sediment inflow for Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Counties, Northwestern Tennessee, May 1984-April 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T09:23:40","indexId":"wri854284","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4284","title":"Water budget and estimated suspended-sediment inflow for Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Counties, Northwestern Tennessee, May 1984-April 1985","docAbstract":"Reelfoot Lake in northwestern Tennessee, with a surface area of 15,500 acres at normal pool elevation, is the largest natural lake in Tennessee. Over the years, the lake has become an important economic, environmental, and recreational resource to the people in the area, and to the State of Tennessee. The natural eutrophic succession rate of the lake has apparently been accelerated by land use practices within the Reelfoot Lake drainage basin during the past several decades. The potential loss of Reelfoot Lake has prompted the State to make management and restoration of the lake and its resources a priority objective. The U.S. Geological Survey entered into a cooperative study in May 1984 with the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency and the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment, Division of Water Management, to collect and analyze hydrologic data and prepare an annual water budget for Reelfoot Lake. The purpose of the water budget is to provide an analysis of the surface-groundwater-lake-atmospheric water relation at Reelfoot Lake. Results of the analysis can be used by lake managers to evaluate the potential effects of proposed lake management strategies upon the lake and surrounding hydrologic system. The water budget for the 12-month study period (May 1, 1984 through April 30, 1985) is presented in this report. In addition, estimates of suspended-sediment discharge from tributary streams in the Reelfoot Lake basin and an analysis of concentrations of constituents in stream-bottom material at three inflow sites are also presented. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854284","usgsCitation":"Robbins, C.H., 1985, Water budget and estimated suspended-sediment inflow for Reelfoot Lake, Obion and Lake Counties, Northwestern Tennessee, May 1984-April 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4284, 1 Plate: 37.74 x 34.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854284.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 37.74 x 34.55 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366593,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4284/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":161990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4284/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","county":"Lake County, Obion County","otherGeospatial":"Reelfoot Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.45068359374999,\n 36.34610265300638\n ],\n [\n -89.31747436523438,\n 36.34610265300638\n ],\n [\n -89.31747436523438,\n 36.48424477824479\n ],\n [\n -89.45068359374999,\n 36.48424477824479\n ],\n [\n -89.45068359374999,\n 36.34610265300638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa267","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robbins, Clarence H.","contributorId":44159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Clarence","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}