{"pageNumber":"520","pageRowStart":"12975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69039,"records":[{"id":70193932,"text":"70193932 - 2015 - Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams, Midwest, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T10:52:27","indexId":"70193932","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of fine sediment stored in agricultural lowland streams, Midwest, USA","docAbstract":"Agricultural activities can accelerate the offsite transport of productive soil from fields leading to stream water quality degradation. Identification of the nature and relative contribution of different sources to fine-grained sediment (e.g., silts, clays) in streams is important to effectively focus agricultural best management practices in watersheds. Sediment fingerprinting techniques through the use of geochemical tracers are commonly used to differentiate relative contribution from various sources. Research was conducted in lowland streams in the Pleasant Valley watershed in South Central Wisconsin (USA) to identify provenance of fine-grained sediment deposits and evaluate the impact of land use on relative contributions from the following potential sources: cropland, pasture, woodland, and eroding stream banks. Results show that both agriculture (croplands and pastures) and eroding stream banks are primary sources to fine sediment deposits on the stream bed with contributions ranging from 19 to 100% and 0 to 81%, respectively. The increase in area under agricultural land use within a subwatershed results in greater contribution from agriculture (R2 = 0.846, p = 0.0034). Relative contributions from eroding stream banks increased with increasing area under grasslands and woodlands within a subwatershed (R2 = 0.814, p = 0.0055). Subwatersheds with greater mass of fine sediment deposited on the stream bed per unit area should be prioritized for best management practices. The conservation practices should be targeted to stream banks or croplands depending on the dominant source of fine sediment within a subwatershed. Site specific changes in relative contributions from different sources to fine-grained sediment in this watershed highlights the complexities involved in sediment transport dynamics. The nested sampling sites helped determine that sediment dynamics at the subwatershed scale need to be considered for application of targeted conservation techniques.
Analysis of borehole flow logs is a valuable technique for identifying the presence of fractures in the subsurface and estimating properties such as fracture connectivity, transmissivity and storativity. However, such estimation requires the development of analytical and/or numerical modeling tools that are well adapted to the complexity of the problem. In this paper, we present a new semi-analytical formulation for cross-borehole flow in fractured media that links transient vertical-flow velocities measured in one or a series of observation wells during hydraulic forcing to the transmissivity and storativity of the fractures intersected by these wells. In comparison with existing models, our approach presents major improvements in terms of computational expense and potential adaptation to a variety of fracture and experimental configurations. After derivation of the formulation, we demonstrate its application in the context of sensitivity analysis for a relatively simple two-fracture synthetic problem, as well as for field-data analysis to investigate fracture connectivity and estimate fracture hydraulic properties. These applications provide important insights regarding (i) the strong sensitivity of fracture property estimates to the overall connectivity of the system; and (ii) the non-uniqueness of the corresponding inverse problem for realistic fracture configurations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.12.002","usgsCitation":"Roubinet, D., Irving, J., and Day-Lewis, F.D., 2015, Development of a new semi-analytical model for cross-borehole flow experiments in fractured media: Advances in Water Resources, v. 76, p. 97-108, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2014.12.002.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-061584","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_547C366CAA45","text":"External Repository"},{"id":349128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c25341","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roubinet, Delphine","contributorId":199840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roubinet","given":"Delphine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irving, James","contributorId":199841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irving","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70126403,"text":"sir20145173 - 2015 - Geochemical conditions and the occurrence of selected trace elements in groundwater basins used for public drinking-water supply, Desert and Basin and Range hydrogeologic provinces, 2006-11: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-30T16:23:46","indexId":"sir20145173","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5173","title":"Geochemical conditions and the occurrence of selected trace elements in groundwater basins used for public drinking-water supply, Desert and Basin and Range hydrogeologic provinces, 2006-11: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"The geochemical conditions, occurrence of selected trace elements, and processes controlling the occurrence of selected trace elements in groundwater were investigated in groundwater basins of the Desert and Basin and Range (DBR) hydrogeologic provinces in southeastern California as part of the Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA PBP is designed to provide an assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater in the aquifer systems that are used for public drinking-water supply. The GAMA PBP is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
\nThe DBR hydrogeologic provinces consist of 141 defined groundwater basins separated by mountain ranges, faults, and other features. This report presents analyses of data collected from nine study areas within the DBR hydrogeologic provinces: Antelope Valley, Borrego Valley, the Central Desert area, Coachella Valley, Colorado River, Indian Wells Valley, Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts, the Mojave, and Owens Valley. Collectively, these nine study areas are referred to as the DBR study unit. The study unit covers approximately 7,000 square miles and includes the 63 groundwater basins in the DBR hydrogeologic provinces in which groundwater is used for public drinking-water supply. The vast majority of the 223 wells sampled for this study were long-screened production wells used primarily for public supply.
\nUncorrected carbon-14 (14C) groundwater ages for samples collected in the DBR study unit ranged from less than (<) 100 to 33,700 years before present (BP). Sixty-six percent of sample ages were greater than (>) 100 years BP, and 40 percent were >3,800 years BP. Samples collected from wells located adjacent to mountain-front recharge areas or major surface-water features generally had younger groundwater ages than did samples collected from wells located away from mountain fronts or towards the distal ends of basin groundwater flow paths. Most groundwater sampled in the DBR study unit had alkaline pH: 89 percent of sample pH values ranged from 7.1 to 9.8, with 37 percent greater than or equal to (≥) 7.9. Groundwater age was significantly correlated (positively) with pH, likely because silicate weathering is a primary control on groundwater pH and is a slow process. The oxidation-reduction (redox) condition of the groundwater sampled in the DBR study unit was predominantly oxic (71 percent), except in the Colorado River study area where organic-rich fluvial aquifers provide the electron donors necessary to support iron-reducing (anoxic-Fe) redox processes. The cation type of 78 percent of the samples was either sodium- or mixed-type, and the anion type of 83 percent of the samples was either bicarbonate- or mixed-type. Sodium-type groundwaters generally were older and more alkaline than calcium-type groundwaters, consistent with the change in water chemistry expected from cation exchange between groundwater and aquifer sediments over long periods of time. Because of the correlation with young groundwater, calcium-type groundwater was predominantly from wells located adjacent to mountain-front recharge areas.
\nArsenic (As), boron (B), fluoride (F), molybdenum (Mo), strontium (Sr), uranium (U), and vanadium (V) were selected for assessment in this study because they occurred at concentrations greater than California Department of Public Health or U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulatory or non-regulatory drinking-water-quality benchmarks in more than 2 percent of the 223 samples collected in the DBR study unit. As and F were detected most commonly (18 and 13 percent, respectively) at concentrations above associated water-quality benchmarks and Sr and V least frequently (both at 3 percent). Given that 14C groundwater ages are predominantly >100 years BP, land use in the study unit is primarily undeveloped, and chemicals derived from anthropogenic sources, such as volatile organic compounds, were infrequently detected, high concentrations of these trace elements in groundwater were most likely the result of natural factors and not anthropogenic factors.
\nAs, F, Mo, and V concentrations showed significant positive correlations to groundwater age and to pH. This relation is partly due to the sources of trace elements likely being the weathering of primary minerals, such as silicate minerals, which is a slow process that takes place over hundreds to thousands of years. This relation also reflects the positive correlation between groundwater age and pH. Geochemical modeling predicted that the dominant species of As, Mo, and V in solution were oxyanions (HAsO42–, MoO42–, and H2VO4–), which are likely to be mobile in alkaline groundwater because mineral surfaces composing aquifer matrices have a predominantly negative surface charge under alkaline conditions. F also exists predominantly as a negatively charged ion (F–). At pH values >7.5, saturation indices generated by the geochemical modeling program PHREEQC indicated that F solubility may be somewhat limited by the precipitation of the mineral fluorapatite [Ca5(PO4)3F]. Speciation modeling of As in anoxic-Fe groundwater (iron-reducing conditions) showed that samples were supersaturated with orpiment (As2S3), indicating that mineral precipitation may be responsible for low As concentrations observed in reducing groundwater.
\nIn contrast, U concentrations showed significant negative correlations to groundwater age and to pH. Higher U concentrations generally occurred in samples for which geochemical modeling indicated that the uncharged ternary complex Ca2UO2(CO3)3 was the dominant aqueous U species. This uncharged complex is not attracted to the charged surfaces of minerals and thus increases U solubility. Formation of Ca2UO2(CO3)3 was greater in younger groundwaters because calcium and uranium concentrations generally were lower in older groundwaters, likely due to cation-exchange processes and precipitation of the mineral calcite as groundwater pH increased. Co-precipitation of U with the calcite (CaCO3) may remove U from the aqueous phase. Saturation indices indicated that the anoxic-Fe groundwaters from the Colorado River study area were supersaturated with the mineral uraninite (UO2), suggesting that UO2 precipitation may be responsible for the low concentrations of U observed in these samples.
\nConcentrations of strontium, which exists primarily in a cationic form (Sr2+), were not significantly correlated with either groundwater age or pH. Strontium concentrations showed a strong positive correlation with total dissolved solids (TDS). Dissolved constituents, such as Sr, that interact with mineral surfaces through outer-sphere complexation become increasingly soluble with increasing TDS concentrations of groundwater. Boron concentrations also showed a significant positive correlation with TDS, indicating the B may interact to a large degree with mineral surfaces through outer-sphere complexation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145173","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Wright, M., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2015, Geochemical conditions and the occurrence of selected trace elements in groundwater basins used for public drinking-water supply, Desert and Basin and Range hydrogeologic provinces, 2006-11: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5173, viii, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145173.","productDescription":"viii, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-037705","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145173.jpg"},{"id":297659,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5173/"},{"id":297660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5173/pdf/sir2014-5173.pdf","size":"6.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.39916992187499,\n 34.43409789359469\n ],\n [\n -117.103271484375,\n 32.52828936482526\n ],\n [\n -114.444580078125,\n 32.704111144407406\n ],\n [\n -114.114990234375,\n 34.32529192442733\n ],\n [\n -114.67529296874999,\n 35.06597313798418\n ],\n [\n -117.39990234375,\n 37.081475648860525\n ],\n [\n -120.39916992187499,\n 34.43409789359469\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a7de4b08de9379b30a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Michael T. 0000-0003-0653-6466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-6466","contributorId":116545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"Michael T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70135239,"text":"sir20145223 - 2015 - Geomorphology and flood-plain vegetation of the Sprague and lower Sycan Rivers, Klamath Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-24T15:35:34","indexId":"sir20145223","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5223","title":"Geomorphology and flood-plain vegetation of the Sprague and lower Sycan Rivers, Klamath Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"This study provides information on channel and flood-plain processes and historical trends to guide effective restoration and monitoring strategies for the Sprague River Basin, a primary tributary (via the lower Williamson River) of Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. The study area covered the lower, alluvial segments of the Sprague River system, including the lower parts of the Sycan River, North Fork Sprague River, South Fork Sprague River, and the entire main-stem Sprague River between the confluence of the North Fork Sprague and the South Fork Sprague Rivers and its confluence with the Williamson River at Chiloquin, Oregon. The study included mapping and stratigraphic analysis of flood-plain deposits and flanking features; evaluation of historical records, maps and photographs; mapping and analysis of flood-plain and channel characteristics (including morphologic and vegetation conditions); and a 2006 survey of depositional features left by high flows during the winter and spring of 2005–06.
\nAnalyses focused on the channel and flood plain within an area defined as the “geomorphic flood plain,” an area encompassing active fluvial and riparian processes. The geomorphic flood plain was subdivided into 13 valley segments of distinct fluvial environments on the basis of valley form and major tributary junctions: nine segments span the 136.1 kilometers of main-stem Sprague River, two segments for the lower Sycan River, and one segment for each part of the South Fork Sprague and North Fork Sprague Rivers within the study area. Segment characteristics range from steep and narrow canyons to low-gradient reaches with expansive flood plains. The wide flood-plain valley segments are broadly similar; most contain a sinuous, low-gradient channel that migrates slowly across the valley bottom. The narrow valley segments include the steep, boulder-and-cobble-bed reaches at downstream and upstream ends of the study area as well as other confined valley segments that have similar gradients and substrates as adjacent unconfined valley segments, but much lower sinuosities. Although the geologic setting of the expansive South Fork valley segment resulted in historical conditions of sinuous and poorly defined channels and wet meadows, flanking levees now narrowly confine the channelized South Fork Sprague River for much of its length.
\nStratigraphic analyses show that before the Mazama eruption of 7,700 calendar years before present, wetlands and low flood plains flanked the main rivers of the study area. The eruption, however, covered much of the northern basin with sand- and granule-size pumice clasts, transforming channels by increasing bed-material transport and promoting bar formation and channel migration, particularly for the Sycan and North Fork Sprague Rivers, and for the Sprague River downstream of the Sycan River confluence. The South Fork Sprague River, which had much less Mazama pumice deposited in its watershed, remained a wet-meadow fluvial system until historical channelization and diking.
\nThe analysis of historical maps and aerial photographs covering the geomorphic flood plain show changes in sinuosity, migration rates, and vegetation conditions since the 1800s. Most quantitative information is for the period between 1940 and 2000. The decrease in sinuosity since 1940 for nearly all the unconfined reaches resulted partly from decreased migration rates, but mostly from several cutoffs and avulsions formed between 1940 and 1975. The river shortening and steepening possibly resulted from (1) flood-plain confinement by levees, dikes, roads, and railroads leading to deeper and faster overbank flow, thereby promoting erosion of new flood-plain channels; and (2) flood-plain disturbances such as trails, ditches, and vegetation manipulation or eradication that locally concentrated overbank flow and decreased surface resistance to channel erosion.
\nThe most evident vegetation change has been the loss of short woody vegetation adjacent to the river channels: only one-half the near-channel area covered by short woody vegetation in 1940 was similarly covered in 2000. Woody vegetation removal in the 1950s and 1960s and continuing grazing and trampling by livestock probably are the main reasons for the decrease in short woody vegetation from the dense riparian corridors of willows (Salix sp.) and other riparian shrubs noted in the early 20th century.
\nThe alluvial corridor of the South Fork Sprague River, compared to other Sprague River Basin rivers, has been the most substantially transformed since first historical observations. The present channel is incised, straightened, and separated from the rarely inundated flood plain by levees.
\nDespite these effects of human disturbances, many of the fundamental physical processes forming the Sprague River fluvial systems over the last several thousand years still function. In particular, flows are unregulated, sediment transport processes are active, and overbank flooding allows for floodplain deposition and erosion. Therefore, restoration of many of the native physical conditions and processes is possible without substantial physical manipulation of current conditions for much of the Sprague River study area. An exception is the South Fork Sprague River, where historical trends are not likely to reverse until it attains a more natural channel and flood-plain geometry and the channel aggrades to the extent that overbank flow becomes common.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Oregon and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"O'Connor, J., McDowell, P.F., Lind, P., Rasmussen, C.G., and Keith, M., 2015, Geomorphology and flood-plain vegetation of the Sprague and lower Sycan Rivers, Klamath Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5223, Report: xi, 121 p.; 1 Plate: 34.11 x 20.80 inches; 8 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145223.","productDescription":"Report: xi, 121 p.; 1 Plate: 34.11 x 20.80 inches; 8 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052624","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297653,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixd.xlsx","text":"Appendix D","size":"10 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297652,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixa.xlsx","text":"Appendix A","size":"12 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297654,"rank":8,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixe.xlsx","text":"Appendix E","size":"12 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297655,"rank":9,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixf.xlsx","text":"Appendix F","size":"21 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297656,"rank":10,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixg.xlsx","text":"Appendix G","size":"31 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297657,"rank":11,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixh.xlsx","text":"Appendix H","size":"27 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297647,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/"},{"id":297651,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_appendixc.xlsx","text":"Appendix C","size":"10 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":297648,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5223/downloads/sir2014-5223_plate01.pdf","size":"14.9 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Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lind, Pollyanna","contributorId":119823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lind","given":"Pollyanna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rasmussen, Christine G.","contributorId":118634,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rasmussen","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70137521,"text":"sir20155005 - 2015 - Data Collection and Simulation of Ecological Habitat and Recreational Habitat in the Shenandoah River, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:08:10","indexId":"sir20155005","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5005","title":"Data Collection and Simulation of Ecological Habitat and Recreational Habitat in the Shenandoah River, Virginia","docAbstract":"This report presents updates to methods, describes additional data collected, documents modeling results, and discusses implications from an updated habitat-flow model that can be used to predict ecological habitat for fish and recreational habitat for canoeing on the main stem Shenandoah River in Virginia. Given a 76-percent increase in population predictions for 2040 over 1995 records, increased water-withdrawal scenarios were evaluated to determine the effects on habitat and recreation in the Shenandoah River. Projected water demands for 2040 vary by watershed: the North Fork Shenandoah River shows a 55.9-percent increase, the South Fork Shenandoah River shows a 46.5-percent increase, and the main stem Shenandoah River shows a 52-percent increase; most localities are projected to approach the total permitted surface-water and groundwater withdrawals values by 2040, and a few localities are projected to exceed these values.
\nThe habitat model used for this study evaluates the suitability of ecological habitat, represented by fish, and recreational habitat, represented by canoeing, based on depth, velocity, and substrate conditions, which are weighted for the physical habitat types (riffles, runs, or pools) present within a stretch of river. Weighted usable-habitat area in the Lockes Mill reach was maximized for adult smallmouth bass and sub-adult smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) and river chub (Nocomis micropogon) when streamflows were equal to median flow (900 cubic feet per second) for summer months. Ecological maximum weighted usable-habitat areas for smaller fish, such as spotfin or satinfin shiner (Cyprinella spp.), margined madtom (Noturus insignis), and juvenile redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) occurred with 10th percentile flows (482 cubic feet per second) and lower. Recreational weighted usable-habitat areas for canoeing were maximized when streamflows were above the 75th percentile (1,410 cubic feet per second). During historic droughts, streamflows were less than the 10th percentile, and adult smallmouth bass and sub-adult smallmouth bass habitat was below normal for the majority of days during at least 2 months of the summer. When streamflows were less than the lowest 7-day average in a 10-year period, or 7Q10 flow (357 cubic feet per second), margined madtom, river chub, and sub-adult redbreast sunfish habitat areas were below normal as well. Streamflows that limit most fish species habit availability range from 300 to 500 cubic feet per second. For the drought years simulated, flows that were equal to or less than the 10th percentile for summer months did not provide adequate depth for canoe passage through riffle habitats. A modeling limitation for higher flows than those studied during development of the habitat-suitability criteria is that modeled habitat availability will decrease as flows increase.
\nTime-series analyses were used to investigate changes in habitat availability with increased water withdrawals of 10, 20, and almost 50 percent (48.6 percent) up to the 2040 amounts projected by local water supply plans. Adult and sub-adult smallmouth bass frequently had habitat availability outside the normal range for habitat conditions during drought years, yet 10- or 20-percent increases in withdrawals did not contribute to a large reduction in habitat. When withdrawals were increased by 50 percent, there was an additional decrease in habitat. During 2002 drought scenarios, reduced habitat availability for sub-adult redbreast sunfish or river chub was only slightly evident with 50-percent increased withdrawal scenarios. Recreational habitat represented by canoeing decreased lower than normal during the 2002 drought. For a recent normal year, like 2012, increased water-withdrawal scenarios did not affect habitat availability for fish such as adult and sub-adult smallmouth bass, sub-adult redbreast sunfish, or river chub. Canoeing habitat availability was within the normal range most of 2012, and increased water-withdrawal scenarios showed almost no affect. For both ecological fish habitat and recreational canoeing habitat, the antecedent conditions (habitat within normal range of habitat or below normal) appear to govern whether additional water withdrawals will affect habitat availability. As human populations and water demands increase, many of the ecological or recreational stresses may be lessened by managing the timing of water withdrawals from the system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clarke County and Warren County, Virginia","usgsCitation":"Krstolic, J.L., 2015, Data Collection and Simulation of Ecological Habitat and Recreational Habitat in the Shenandoah River, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5005, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155005.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054536","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155005.jpg"},{"id":297644,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5005/"},{"id":297645,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5005/pdf/sir2015-5005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 17N","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.97649383544922,\n 39.091699613104595\n ],\n [\n -77.97649383544922,\n 39.10695312754686\n ],\n [\n -77.9190731048584,\n 39.10695312754686\n ],\n [\n -77.9190731048584,\n 39.091699613104595\n ],\n [\n -77.97649383544922,\n 39.091699613104595\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a63e4b08de9379b3032","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krstolic, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-2253-9886 jkrstoli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-9886","contributorId":3677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krstolic","given":"Jennifer","email":"jkrstoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70139739,"text":"70139739 - 2015 - Characterizing the distribution of an endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T17:59:07","indexId":"70139739","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the distribution of an endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis","docAbstract":"Determining species distributions accurately is crucial to developing conservation and management strategies for imperiled species, but a challenging task for small populations. We evaluated the efficacy of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis for improving detection and thus potentially refining the known distribution of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Methow and Okanogan Subbasins of the Upper Columbia River, which span the border between Washington, USA and British Columbia, Canada. We developed an assay to target a 90 base pair sequence of Chinook DNA and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to quantify the amount of Chinook eDNA in triplicate 1-L water samples collected at 48 stream locations in June and again in August 2012. The overall probability of detecting Chinook with our eDNA method in areas within the known distribution was 0.77 (±0.05 SE). Detection probability was lower in June (0.62, ±0.08 SE) during high flows and at the beginning of spring Chinook migration than during base flows in August (0.93, ±0.04 SE). In the Methow subbasin, mean eDNA concentration was higher in August compared to June, especially in smaller tributaries, probably resulting from the arrival of spring Chinook adults, reduced discharge, or both. Chinook eDNA concentrations did not appear to change in the Okanogan subbasin from June to August. Contrary to our expectations about downstream eDNA accumulation, Chinook eDNA did not decrease in concentration in upstream reaches (0–120 km). Further examination of factors influencing spatial distribution of eDNA in lotic systems may allow for greater inference of local population densities along stream networks or watersheds. These results demonstrate the potential effectiveness of eDNA detection methods for determining landscape-level distribution of anadromous salmonids in large river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.025","usgsCitation":"Laramie, M.B., Pilliod, D., and Goldberg, C.S., 2015, Characterizing the distribution of an endangered salmonid using environmental DNA analysis: Biological Conservation, v. 183, p. 29-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.025.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059842","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Upper Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 48.026672195435985\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 49.66762782262192\n ],\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 49.66762782262192\n ],\n [\n -118.87207031250001,\n 48.026672195435985\n ],\n [\n -120.83312988281249,\n 48.026672195435985\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"183","publicComments":"Special Issue: Environmental DNA: A powerful new tool for biological conservation","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5de4b08de9379b3014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laramie, Matthew B. mlaramie@usgs.gov","contributorId":5627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laramie","given":"Matthew","email":"mlaramie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":76879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70139715,"text":"70139715 - 2015 - Quantification of eDNA shedding rates from invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-04T16:19:11.920957","indexId":"70139715","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Quantification of eDNA shedding rates from invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix","title":"Quantification of eDNA shedding rates from invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix","docAbstract":"Wildlife managers can more easily mitigate the effects of invasive species if action takes place before a population becomes established. Such early detection requires sensitive survey tools that can detect low numbers of individuals. Due to their high sensitivity, environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys hold promise as an early detection method for aquatic invasive species. Quantification of eDNA amounts may also provide data on species abundance and timing of an organism’s presence, allowing managers to successfully combat the spread of ecologically damaging species. To better understand the link between eDNA and an organism’s presence, it is crucial to know how eDNA is shed into the environment. Our study used quantitative PCR (qPCR) and controlled laboratory experiments to measure the amount of eDNA that two species of invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) shed into the water. We first measured how much eDNA a single fish sheds and the variability of these measurements. Then, in a series of manipulative lab experiments, we studied how temperature, biomass (grams of fish), and diet affect the shedding rate of eDNA by these fish. We found that eDNA amounts exhibit a positive relationship with fish biomass, and that feeding could increase the amount of eDNA shed by ten-fold, whereas water temperature did not have an effect. Our results demonstrate that quantification of eDNA may be useful for predicting carp density, as well as densities of other rare or invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.020","usgsCitation":"Klymus, K.E., Richter, C.A., Chapman, D., and Paukert, C.P., 2015, Quantification of eDNA shedding rates from invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix: Biological Conservation, v. 183, p. 77-84, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.020.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"84","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053423","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"183","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa5e4b08de9379b3165","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.020","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.11.020","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Klymus Katy E., Richter Catherine A., Chapman Duane C., Paukert Craig","journalName":"Biological Conservation","publicationDate":"3/2015","auditedOn":"1/11/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klymus, Katy E. 0000-0002-8843-6241 kklymus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-6241","contributorId":5043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klymus","given":"Katy","email":"kklymus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richter, Cathy A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":1878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Cathy","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapman, Duane 0000-0002-1086-8853 dchapman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-8853","contributorId":1291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Duane","email":"dchapman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70139682,"text":"70139682 - 2015 - The influence of disturbed habitat on the spatial ecology of Argentine black and white tegu (Tupinambis merianae), a recent invader in the Everglades ecosystem (Florida, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-30T10:25:38","indexId":"70139682","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of disturbed habitat on the spatial ecology of Argentine black and white tegu (Tupinambis merianae), a recent invader in the Everglades ecosystem (Florida, USA)","docAbstract":"The threat of invasive species is often intensified in disturbed habitat. To optimize control programs, it is necessary to understand how degraded habitat influences the behavior of invasive species. We conducted a radio telemetry study to characterize movement and habitat use of introduced male Argentine black and white tegus (Tupinambis merianae) in the Everglades of southern Florida from May to August 2012 at the core and periphery of the introduced range. Tegus at the periphery moved farther per day (mean 131.7 ± 11.6 m, n = 6) compared to tegus at the core (mean 50.3 ± 12.4 m, n = 6). However, activity ranges were not significantly smaller in the core (mean 19.4 ± 8.4 ha, n = 6) compared to periphery (mean 29.1 ± 5.2 ha, n = 6). Peripheral activity ranges were more linear due to activity being largely restricted to levee habitat surrounded by open water or marsh. Tegus were located in shrub or tree habitat (mean 96%) more often than expected based on random locations (mean 58%), and the percent cover of trees and shrubs was higher in activity ranges (mean 61%) than the general study area (17%). Our study highlighted the ability of tegus to spread across the Florida landscape, especially in linear disturbed habitats where increased movement occurred and in areas of altered hydrology where movement is not restricted by water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-014-0834-7","usgsCitation":"Klug, P.E., Reed, R., Mazzotti, F., McEachern, M., Vinci, J.J., Craven, K.K., and Yackel Adams, A.A., 2015, The influence of disturbed habitat on the spatial ecology of Argentine black and white tegu (Tupinambis merianae), a recent invader in the Everglades ecosystem (Florida, USA): Biological Invasions, v. 17, no. 6, p. 1785-1797, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0834-7.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1785","endPage":"1797","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054967","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Miami-Dade County","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 25.055745117015316\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 26.828972753817787\n ],\n [\n -79.7442626953125,\n 26.828972753817787\n ],\n [\n -79.7442626953125,\n 25.055745117015316\n ],\n [\n -81.947021484375,\n 25.055745117015316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abfe4b08de9379b31d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klug, Page E. pklug@usgs.gov","contributorId":5545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klug","given":"Page","email":"pklug@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Robert N. reedr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","email":"reedr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzotti, Frank J.","contributorId":100018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"Frank J.","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McEachern, Michelle A. mmceachern@usgs.gov","contributorId":5539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEachern","given":"Michelle A.","email":"mmceachern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vinci, Joy J.","contributorId":138977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vinci","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12604,"text":"Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, 3205 College Avenue, University of Florida, Davie, FL 33314, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Craven, Katelin K. kcraven@usgs.gov","contributorId":5286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Craven","given":"Katelin","email":"kcraven@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yackel Adams, Amy A. 0000-0002-7044-8447 yackela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7044-8447","contributorId":3116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yackel Adams","given":"Amy","email":"yackela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70139644,"text":"70139644 - 2015 - Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T18:07:02","indexId":"70139644","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1601,"text":"Evolutionary Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza","title":"Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza","docAbstract":"Waterfowl (Anseriformes) and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are the most common wild vectors of influenza A viruses. Due to their migratory behavior, some may transmit disease over long distances. Migratory connectivity studies can link breeding and nonbreeding grounds while illustrating potential interactions among populations that may spread diseases. We investigated Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a shorebird with a subspecies (C. a. arcticola) that migrates from nonbreeding areas endemic to avian influenza in eastern Asia to breeding grounds in northern Alaska. Using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate genetic structure among six subspecies: C. a. arcticola, C. a. pacifica, C. a. hudsonia, C. a. sakhalina, C. a. kistchinski, and C. a. actites. We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA can help distinguish C. a. arcticola on the Asian nonbreeding grounds with >70% accuracy depending on their relative abundance, indicating that genetics can help determine whether C. a. arcticola occurs where they may be exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) during outbreaks. Our data reveal asymmetric intercontinental gene flow, with some C. a. arcticola short-stopping migration to breed with C. a. pacifica in western Alaska. Because C. a. pacifica migrates along the Pacific Coast of North America, interactions between these subspecies and other taxa provide route for transmission of HPAI into other parts of North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/eva.12239","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Haig, S.M., Mullins, T.D., Ruan, L., Casler, B., Dondua, A., Gates, H.R., Johnson, J., Kendall, S.J., Tomkovich, P.S., Tracy, D., Valchuk, O.P., and Lanctot, R.B., 2015, Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza: Evolutionary Applications, v. 8, no. 2, p. 149-171, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"149","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056312","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297637,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -205.13671875,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -205.13671875,\n 72.28906720017675\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 72.28906720017675\n ],\n [\n -128.84765625,\n 49.26780455063753\n ],\n [\n -205.13671875,\n 49.26780455063753\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.984375,\n 54.16243396806781\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 72.55449849665266\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 72.55449849665266\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 54.16243396806781\n ],\n [\n -108.984375,\n 54.16243396806781\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8ae4b08de9379b30e1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/eva.12239","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12239","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Miller Mark P., Haig Susan M., Mullins Thomas D., Ruan Luzhang, Casler Bruce, Dondua Alexei, Gates H. River, Johnson J. Matthew, Kendall Steve, Tomkovich Pavel S., Tracy Diane, Valchuk Olga P., Lanctot Richard B.","journalName":"Evolutionary Applications","publicationDate":"1/28/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Mark P. mpmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":138965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Mark P.","email":"mpmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haig, Susan M. 0000-0002-6616-7589 susan_haig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6616-7589","contributorId":719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haig","given":"Susan","email":"susan_haig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mullins, Thomas D. 0000-0001-8948-9604 tom_mullins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-9604","contributorId":3615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullins","given":"Thomas","email":"tom_mullins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ruan, Luzhang","contributorId":138966,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruan","given":"Luzhang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12597,"text":"School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casler, Bruce","contributorId":138967,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casler","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12598,"text":"Izembek National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dondua, Alexei","contributorId":138968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dondua","given":"Alexei","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12599,"text":"Gatchinskaya Str., 10-27, St. Petersburg, 197198 Russia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539486,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gates, H. River","contributorId":138969,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gates","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"River","affiliations":[{"id":12600,"text":"ABR, Inc. – Environmental Research and Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Johnson, J. Matthew","contributorId":138970,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"J. 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,{"id":70137255,"text":"sir20155002 - 2015 - Chemical constituents in groundwater from multiple zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-30T09:00:40","indexId":"sir20155002","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-5002","title":"Chemical constituents in groundwater from multiple zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009-13","docAbstract":"From 2009 to 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) Project office, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, collected water-quality samples from multiple water-bearing zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer. Water samples were collected from 11 monitoring wells completed in about 250–750 feet of the upper part of the aquifer, and samples were analyzed for selected major ions, trace elements, nutrients, radiochemical constituents, and stable isotopes. Each well was equipped with a multilevel monitoring system containing four to seven sampling ports that were each isolated by permanent packer systems. The sampling ports were installed in aquifer zones that were highly transmissive and that represented the water chemistry of the top three to five model layers of a steady-state and transient groundwater‑flow model. The groundwater-flow model and water chemistry are being used to better define movement of wastewater constituents in the aquifer.
\nThe water-chemistry composition of all sampled zones for the five new multilevel wells is calcium plus magnesium bicarbonate. One of the zones in well USGS 131A has a slightly different chemistry from the rest of the zones and wells and the difference is attributed to more wastewater influence from the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center. One well, USGS 135, was not influenced by wastewater disposal and consisted of mostly older water in all of its zones.
\nTritium concentrations in relation to basaltic flow units indicate the presence of wastewater influence in multiple basalt flow groups; however, tritium is most abundant in the South Late Matuyama flow group in the southern boundary wells. The concentrations of wastewater constituents in deep zones in wells Middle 2051, USGS 132, USGS 105, and USGS 103 support the concept of groundwater flow deepening in the southwestern corner of the INL, as indicated by the INL groundwater-flow model.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20155002","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Bartholomay, R.C., Hopkins, C.B., and Maimer, N.V., 2015, Chemical constituents in groundwater from multiple zones in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, 2009-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5002, vi, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20155002.","productDescription":"vi, 109 p.","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-053010","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20155002.jpg"},{"id":297628,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5002/"},{"id":297630,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2015/5002/pdf/sir2015-5002.pdf","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 43.29519939210697\n ],\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -112.42584228515625,\n 44.02442151965934\n ],\n [\n -112.42584228515625,\n 43.29519939210697\n ],\n [\n -113.2470703125,\n 43.29519939210697\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"DOE/ID-22232","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5ee4b08de9379b3018","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hopkins, Candice B. 0000-0003-3207-7267 chopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-7267","contributorId":1379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Candice","email":"chopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maimer, Neil V. 0000-0003-3047-3282 nmaimer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-3282","contributorId":5659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maimer","given":"Neil","email":"nmaimer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70139250,"text":"70139250 - 2015 - Origin of Atlantic Sturgeon collected off the Delaware coast during spring months","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-30T08:48:32","indexId":"70139250","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of Atlantic Sturgeon collected off the Delaware coast during spring months","docAbstract":"Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus was federally listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as five distinct population segments (DPS). Currently, at least 18 estuaries coastwide host spawning populations and the viability of these vary, requiring differing levels of protection. Subadults emigrate from their natal estuaries to marine waters where they are vulnerable to bycatch; one of the major threats to the rebuilding of populations. As a result, identifying the population origin of Atlantic Sturgeon in coastal waters is critical to development of management plans intended to minimize interactions of the most imperiled populations with damaging fisheries. We used mitochondrial DNA control region sequencing and microsatellite DNA analyses to determine the origin of 261 Atlantic Sturgeon collected off the Delaware coast during the spring months. Using individual-based assignment (IBA) testing and mixed stock analysis, we found that specimens originated from all nine of our reference populations and the five DPSs used in the listing determination. Using IBA, we found that the Hudson River population was the largest contributor (38.3%) to our coastal collection. The James (19.9%) and Delaware (13.8%) river populations, at one time thought to be extirpated or nearly so, were the next largest contributors. The three populations combined in the South Atlantic DPS contributed 21% of specimens; the Altamaha River, the largest population in the South Atlantic DPS, only contributed a single specimen to the collection. While the origin of specimens collected on the Delaware coast was most likely within rivers of the New York Bight DPS (52.1%), specimens that originated elsewhere were also well represented. Genetic analyses provide a robust tool to identify the population origin of individual sturgeon outside of their natal estuaries and to determine the quantitative contributions of individual populations to coastal aggregations that are vulnerable to bycatch and other anthropogenic threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2014.963751","usgsCitation":"Wirgin, I., Breece, M.W., Fox, D.A., Maceda, L., Wark, K.W., and King, T.L., 2015, Origin of Atlantic Sturgeon collected off the Delaware coast during spring months: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 35, no. 1, p. 20-30, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2014.963751.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056177","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.05722045898438,\n 38.49121932062687\n ],\n [\n -75.05722045898438,\n 38.585746636004494\n ],\n [\n -74.88006591796874,\n 38.585746636004494\n ],\n [\n -74.88006591796874,\n 38.49121932062687\n ],\n [\n -75.05722045898438,\n 38.49121932062687\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"35","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2aa0e4b08de9379b314a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wirgin, Isaac","contributorId":138929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wirgin","given":"Isaac","affiliations":[{"id":12583,"text":"New York University School of Medicine Tuxedo, New York, UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Breece, Matthew W.","contributorId":116999,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breece","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, Dewayne A.","contributorId":117052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Dewayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12970,"text":"Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maceda, Lorraine","contributorId":138930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maceda","given":"Lorraine","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12584,"text":"New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York UNITED STATES","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wark, Kevin W.","contributorId":116263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wark","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"King, Tim L. tlking@usgs.gov","contributorId":3520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Tim","email":"tlking@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155959,"text":"70155959 - 2015 - Assessment of surface water chloride and conductivity trends in areas of unconventional oil and gas development — Why existing national data sets cannot tell us what we would like to know","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T17:04:15.648777","indexId":"70155959","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of surface water chloride and conductivity trends in areas of unconventional oil and gas development — Why existing national data sets cannot tell us what we would like to know","docAbstract":"Heightened concern regarding the potential effects of unconventional oil and gas development on regional water quality has emerged, but the few studies on this topic are limited in geographic scope. Here we evaluate the potential utility of national and publicly available water-quality data sets for addressing questions regarding unconventional oil and gas development. We used existing U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data sets to increase understanding of the spatial distribution of unconventional oil and gas development in the U.S. and broadly assess surface water quality trends in these areas. Based on sample size limitations, we were able to estimate trends in specific conductance (SC) and chloride (Cl−) from 1970 to 2010 in 16% (n = 155) of the watersheds with unconventional oil and gas resources. We assessed these trends relative to spatiotemporal distributions of hydraulically fractured wells. Results from this limited analysis suggest no consistent and widespread trends in surface water quality for SC and Cl− in areas with increasing unconventional oil and gas development and highlight limitations of existing national databases for addressing questions regarding unconventional oil and gas development and water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014WR016382","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Oelsner, G.P., Cade, B.S., Gallegos, T.J., Farag, A.M., Mott, D.N., Potter, C.J., Cinotto, P.J., Clark, M.L., Kappel, W.M., Kresse, T.M., Melcher, C.P., Paschke, S.S., Susong, D.D., and Varela, B., 2015, Assessment of surface water chloride and conductivity trends in areas of unconventional oil and gas development — Why existing national data sets cannot tell us what we would like to know: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 1, p. 704-715, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016382.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051045","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science 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,{"id":70138255,"text":"ofr20141260 - 2015 - California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Pacifica, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-18T19:57:57.322391","indexId":"ofr20141260","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-29T16:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1260","title":"California State Waters Map Series — Offshore of Pacifica, California","docAbstract":"In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP), designed to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats, and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California’s State Waters. The CSMP approach is to create highly detailed seafloor maps through collection, integration, interpretation, and visualization of swath sonar data, acoustic backscatter, seafloor video, seafloor photography, high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles, and bottom-sediment sampling data. The map products display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats, and illustrate both the surficial seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology.
\nThe Offshore of Pacifica map area is located in northern California, on the Pacific coast of the San Francisco Peninsula about 10 kilometers south of the Golden Gate. The map area extends from Daly City, through Pacifica, to the small coastal community of Montara. Much of the coastal zone is managed by either the State of California or local governments, including Thornton Beach State Park, Mussel Rock Park, Pacifica State Beach, Gray Whale Cove State Beach, and Montara State Beach.
\nThe major structure in the transform boundary between the Pacific and North American tectonic plates, the northwest-striking San Andreas Fault, cuts through the map area, crossing the shoreline near Mussel Rock before continuing offshore. The epicenter of the great 1906 California earthquake is located on the offshore part of the San Andreas Fault Zone a few kilometers north of the map area.
\nThe map area is located at the northwest end of the Santa Cruz Mountains, much of which has been uplifted in the last 400,000 years. Southwest of the San Andreas Fault Zone, this uplift has resulted in a highly variable coastal morphology characterized by long, narrow beaches bounded by steep cliffs or marine terraces, small pocket beaches surrounded by rocky promontories, and steep, narrow coastal watersheds. Geologic units mapped along the coast include sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks of the Franciscan Complex; Cretaceous granitic rocks; Tertiary sedimentary rocks; and Quaternary coastal marine terraces, deep-seated and shallow landslides, and beach and sand dune deposits, all of which contribute sediment to the coastal zone.
\nIn contrast to the more rural coastal zone to the south, the highly urbanized coastal zone north of Mussel Rock and the San Andreas Fault Zone is characterized by a narrow beach bounded by steep, 50- to 120-m-high cliffs made up of sand, silt, and clay of the Pliocene and Pleistocene Merced Formation, the source of numerous landslides. Two large landslides along “Northridge bluff” in 2003 and 2007 had estimated volumes of 305,800 to 382,300 m3 and 120,800 m3, respectively. Coastal landslides also are an issue to the south between Mussel Rock and Mori Point, even as bluffs diminish in height and pocket beaches transition to a more continuous strand bounded by Quaternary-age dunes and low-lying marine terraces. Mori Point, a coastal promontory in Pacifica underlain by rocks of the Franciscan Complex, rises abruptly to a height of 90 m from the shoreline. Pocket beaches characterize the shoreline from Mori Point south to Shelter Cove, the largest of which, Pacifica State Beach, is at the mouth of San Pedro Creek.
\nThe coastal zone south of Pacifica, which stretches from Shelter Cove to Montara and includes Point San Pedro and Devils Slide, lies at the northwest end of San Pedro Mountain (underlain largely by early Tertiary sedimentary rocks) and Montara Mountain (underlain by Cretaceous granitic rocks). Elevations at Montara Mountain exceed 500 m just 4 km from the shoreline, and steep cliffs along the coast are as high as 275 m. This rugged terrain results in numerous rocky promontories, small pocket beaches, and large coastal landslides. Slope failures along Devils Slide are notorious for closing California Highway 1, creating such a large and persistent problem that the California Department of Transportation has bypassed this coastal section by tunneling through San Pedro Mountain; the tunnel was completed and the new section of highway opened in 2013. Coastal relief diminishes at Montara in the southernmost part of the map area, where the shoreline is bounded by 10- to 20-m-high marine terraces.
\nThroughout the year, this part of the coast is exposed to the north Pacific swell, the southern swell, northwest wind waves, and local wind waves. The north Pacific swell dominates in winter months, having wave heights that range from 2 to 10 m at offshore buoys and wave periods that range from 10 to 25 s. During summer months, the largest waves come from the southern swell, generated by storms in the south Pacific and offshore of Central America. Characteristically, these swells have smaller wave heights (0.3–3 m) but similarly long wave periods (10–25 s). Local wind waves are most common from October to April, whereas northwest wind waves affect the coast throughout the year. These two wind-wave regimes typically have wave heights of 1 to 4 m and short wave periods (3–10 s).
\nUnlike many other parts of the California coast where sediment is supplied primarily from river and (or) stream runoff, sediment supply to the offshore along this part of northern California is a complex mixture of (1) sand transported from the coast north of the Golden Gate, (2) sediment transported to the coast through the San Francisco Bay via the Golden Gate and then dispersed over the adjacent ebb-tide delta, and (3) varying volumes of sediment eroded from adjacent steep coastal bluffs caused by wave-induced landslides and other erosional events. Additionally, since the 1980s, coastal erosion south of the Golden Gate has increased substantially between Ocean Beach (on the west coast of San Francisco, about 5 km north of the map area) and Point San Pedro. The combined sediment load is transported southward along the coast by the generally north-to-south alongshore current, which develops in response to the energetic winter-wave climate associated with the north Pacific swell. Overall, beaches in the map area have a long-term erosional trend, except near Mussel Rock where a long-term accretionary trend may reflect increased sediment supply from landslides. Beach-front riprap armoring and retaining walls are used locally to protect the shoreline from seasonal storm waves, most notably between Mussel Rock and Mori Point.
\nThe continental shelf in the map area is about 40 km wide, with water depths at the shelf break that range from about 80 to 120 m. Within California’s State Waters, the midshelf to inner shelf areas are characterized by a relatively flat, shallow (water depths of as much as 44 m) seafloor that dips gently (about 0.2° to 0.3°) westward. The seafloor is composed primarily of unconsolidated Holocene sediment (marine deposits), as well as some nearshore bedrock outcrops that consist primarily of rocks of the Tertiary Purisima Formation and also Cretaceous plutonic rocks (granite or granodiorite).
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rsliter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3454","contributorId":1992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sliter","given":"Ray","email":"rsliter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Ross, Stephanie L. 0000-0003-1389-4405 sross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1389-4405","contributorId":1024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ross","given":"Stephanie","email":"sross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Golden, Nadine E. ngolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Golden","given":"Nadine E.","email":"ngolden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Watt, Janet Tilden 0000-0002-4759-3814 jwatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":1754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"jwatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tilden","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Chinn, John L.","contributorId":97497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Erdey, Mercedes D. merdey@usgs.gov","contributorId":5411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdey","given":"Mercedes","email":"merdey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Krigsman, Lisa M.","contributorId":43642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krigsman","given":"Lisa M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Manson, Michael W.","contributorId":48503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manson","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Endris, Charles A.","contributorId":87824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Endris","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70156304,"text":"70156304 - 2015 - Proximity to encroaching coconut palm limits native forest water use and persistence on a Pacific atoll","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-17T23:14:38","indexId":"70156304","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-29T01:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1447,"text":"Ecohydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proximity to encroaching coconut palm limits native forest water use and persistence on a Pacific atoll","docAbstract":"Competition for fresh water between native and introduced plants is one important challenge facing native forests as rainfall variability increases. Competition can be especially acute for vegetation on Pacific atolls, which depend upon consistent rainfall to replenish shallow groundwater stores. Patterns of sap flow, water use, and diameter growth of Pisonia grandis trees were investigated on Sand Islet, Palmyra Atoll, Line Islands, during a period of low rainfall. Sap flow in the outer sapwood was reduced by 53% for P. grandis trees growing within coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) stands (n = 9) versus away from coconut palm (n = 9). This suggested that water uptake was being limited by coconut palm. Radial patterns of sap flow into the sapwood of P. grandis also differed between stands with and without coconut palm, such that individual tree water use for P. grandis ranged from 14 to 67 L day−1, averaging 47·8 L day−1 without coconut palm and 23·6 L day−1 with coconut palm. Diameter growth of P. grandis was measured from nine islets. In contrast to sap flow, competition with coconut palm increased diameter growth by 89%, equating to an individual tree basal area increment of 5·4 versus 10·3 mm2 day−1. Greater diameter growth countered by lower rates of water use by P. grandis trees growing in competition with coconut palm suggests that stem swell may be associated with water storage when positioned in the understory of coconut palm, and may facilitate survival when water becomes limiting until too much shading overwhelms P. grandis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/eco.1601","usgsCitation":"Krauss, K.W., Duberstein, J., Cormier, N., Young, H.S., and Hathaway, S.A., 2015, Proximity to encroaching coconut palm limits native forest water use and persistence on a Pacific atoll: Ecohydrology, v. 8, no. 8, p. 1514-1524, https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1601.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1514","endPage":"1524","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052329","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Palmyra Atoll","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -162.13760375976562,\n 5.912312054739402\n ],\n [\n -162.1365737915039,\n 5.848448533368537\n ],\n [\n -162.02362060546875,\n 5.848106997539167\n ],\n [\n -162.02722549438474,\n 5.909921573942511\n ],\n [\n -162.13760375976562,\n 5.912312054739402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d5a8b3e4b0518e3546a4de","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/eco.1601","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1601","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Krauss Ken W., Duberstein Jamie A., Cormier Nicole, Young Hillary S., Hathaway Stacie A.","journalName":"Ecohydrology","publicationDate":"1/29/2015","auditedOn":"2/8/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duberstein, Jamie A.","contributorId":91007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duberstein","given":"Jamie A.","affiliations":[{"id":7084,"text":"Clemson University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cormier, Nicole 0000-0003-2453-9900 cormiern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-9900","contributorId":4262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cormier","given":"Nicole","email":"cormiern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Young, Hillary S.","contributorId":53711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Hillary","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":13007,"text":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":568614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hathaway, Stacie A. 0000-0002-4167-8059 sahathaway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4167-8059","contributorId":3420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"Stacie","email":"sahathaway@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70138820,"text":"fs20153008 - 2015 - Flood-inundation mapping for the Blue River and selected tributaries in Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-29T17:06:27.246987","indexId":"fs20153008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-28T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-3008","title":"Flood-inundation mapping for the Blue River and selected tributaries in Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, 2012","docAbstract":"Kansas City, Missouri, has severely flooded many times, most notably in 1951, 1961, 1977, 1984, 1990, 1998, and 2010. During the past 30 years these floods resulted in damages within Kansas City costing tens of millions of dollars and more than 25 casualties.
\nThe U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and City of Kansas City, Missouri, operate multiple streamgages along the Blue River and tributaries in and near the city. Knowledge of water level at a streamgage is difficult to translate into depth and areal extent of flooding at points distant from the streamgage. One way to address these informational gaps is to produce a library of flood-inundation maps that are referenced to the stages recorded at a streamgage. By referring to the appropriate map, emergency responders can discern the severity of flooding (depth of water and areal extent), identify roads that are or may be flooded, and make plans for notification or evacuation of residents in harm’s way for some distance upstream and downstream from the streamgage. The USGS, in cooperation with the city of Kansas City, Missouri, developed a library of flood-inundation maps for the Blue River and selected tributaries.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20153008","usgsCitation":"Heimann, D.C., Weilert, T.E., Kelly, B.P., and Studley, S.E., 2015, Flood-inundation mapping for the Blue River and selected tributaries in Kansas City, Missouri, and vicinity, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2015-3008, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20153008.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060253","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297590,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3008/"},{"id":297591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3008/pdf/fs2015_3008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":506250,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101316.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297592,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20153008.jpg"}],"projection":"Web Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Kansas City","otherGeospatial":"Blue River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.75364685058594,\n 38.78406349514289\n ],\n [\n -94.75364685058594,\n 39.184368717303144\n ],\n [\n -94.42955017089844,\n 39.184368717303144\n ],\n [\n -94.42955017089844,\n 38.78406349514289\n ],\n [\n -94.75364685058594,\n 38.78406349514289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a77e4b08de9379b3084","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heimann, David C. 0000-0003-0450-2545 dheimann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-2545","contributorId":3822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"David","email":"dheimann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weilert, Trina E.","contributorId":138563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weilert","given":"Trina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5108,"text":"U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana 59","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Brian P. 0000-0001-6378-2837 bkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-2837","contributorId":897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Brian","email":"bkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123417,"text":"tm15C4 - 2015 - Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70123417,"text":"tm15C4 - 2015 - Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment","indexId":"tm15C4","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70118922,"text":"tm15 - 2015 - Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","indexId":"tm15","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-05T11:03:16","indexId":"tm15C4","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-27T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"15-C4","title":"Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment","docAbstract":"Specimens are used to provide supporting information leading to the determination of the cause of disease or death in wildlife and for disease monitoring or surveillance. Commonly used specimens for wildlife disease investigations include intact carcasses, tissues from carcasses, euthanized or moribund animals, parasites, ingested food, feces, or environmental samples. Samples from live animals or the environment (e.g., contaminated feed) in the same vicinity as a mortality event also may be helpful. The type of specimen collected is determined by availability of samples and biological objectives. Multiple fresh, intact carcasses from affected species are the most useful in establishing a cause for a mortality event. Submission of entire carcasses allows observation of gross lesions and abnormalities, as well as disease testing of multiple tissues. Samples from live animals may be more appropriate when sick animals cannot be euthanized (e.g., threatened or endangered species) or for research and monitoring projects examining disease or agents circulating in apparently healthy animals or those not exhibiting clinical signs. Samples from live animals may include collections of blood, hair, feathers, feces, or ectoparasites, or samples obtained by swabbing lesions or orifices. Photographs and videos are useful additions for recording field and clinical signs and conveying conditions at the site. Collection of environmental samples (e.g., feces, water, feed, or soil) may be appropriate when animals cannot be captured for sampling or the disease agent may persist in the environment. If lethal collection is considered necessary, biologists should refer to the policies, procedures, and permit requirements of their institution/facility and the agency responsible for species management (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or State natural resource agency) prior to use in the field. If threatened or endangered species are found dead, or there is evidence of illegal take, field personal should contact local wildlife law enforcement authorities immediately and prior to handling the carcass.
\nPrior to collecting samples, it is important to determine the capabilities and submission criteria of the laboratory receiving the samples. Some laboratories may specialize in a limited number of tests, be equipped to accept only certain types of tissues (instead of entire carcasses), or specialize in particular species or group of animals (e.g., reptiles, birds, mammals). Diagnostic laboratories have specific requirements regarding preparation, labeling, and shipping of samples. Adherence to these requirements helps ensure the usefulness of any submitted specimens. Although laboratories may vary in the cost and turnaround times for diagnostic tests, some laboratories may be able to prioritize samples and accommodate accelerated time frames if communicated at the time of submission. Keeping a prepacked kit with basic carcass-collection supplies, including a paper copy of the specimen history form (available for download from the Web sites of most diagnostic laboratories), in the office or vehicle will decrease the chances of forgetting an essential item and decrease response time for arriving at an event.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section C: Techniques in disease surveillance and investigation in Book 15: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm15C4","usgsCitation":"White, C.L., and Dusek, R., 2015, Wildlife specimen collection, preservation, and shipment: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 15-C4, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm15C4.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056839","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm15C4.jpg"},{"id":297582,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c04/pdf/tm15-c4.pdf","size":"1.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297557,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/15/c04/"}],"publicComments":"This report is Chapter 4 of Section C: Techniques in disease surveillance and investigation in Book 15: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ad1e4b08de9379b3222","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. Christian","email":"jfranson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539359,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friend, Milton 0000-0002-2882-3629","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-3629","contributorId":31332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friend","given":"Milton","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539360,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gibbs, Samantha E.J.","contributorId":127739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbs","given":"Samantha E.J.","affiliations":[{"id":7128,"text":"Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539361,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wild, Margaret A.","contributorId":26976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wild","given":"Margaret A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539362,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dusek, Robert J. 0000-0001-6177-7479 rdusek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-7479","contributorId":2397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dusek","given":"Robert J.","email":"rdusek@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138827,"text":"sir20145226 - 2015 - Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:16:53","indexId":"sir20145226","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-27T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5226","title":"Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99","docAbstract":"The real-time Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN) has been established to support a variety of scientific and water management purposes. The expansiveness of the Everglades, limited number of gaging stations, and extreme sensitivity of the ecosystem to small changes in water depth have created a need for accurate water-level and water-depth maps. The EDEN water-surface elevation model uses data from approximately 240 gages in the Everglades to create daily continuous interpolations of the water-surface elevation and water depth for the freshwater portion of the Everglades from 2000 to the present (2014). These maps provide hydrologic data previously unavailable for assessing biological and ecological studies.
\nEcologists working in the Everglades expressed a need to the EDEN project team for daily EDEN water-level surfaces from 1990 to 1999. The additional 10 years of surfaces will provide ecologists and resource managers with two decades (1991–2011) of surfaces to analyze hydrologic dynamics. Before 2000, many of the EDEN gages used to generate water surfaces were not in operation. These datasets were extended to provide estimations of hydrologic time-series histories. The general approach to the record extension (hindcasts) was to (1) create a database of available data from 1990 to the present; (2) use dynamic cluster analysis to group stations with similar hydrologic behaviors for subareas of the Everglades with a large number of stations; (3) use results from the cluster analysis to select candidate explanatory variables; (4) develop linear regression or artificial neural network models to extend water-level records; and (5) evaluate record extensions by using model performance statistics and comparison of water-surface maps for similar hydrologic conditions for the hindcasted period (1991–99) and measured period (2000–11).
\nTo hindcast and fill data records, 214 empirical models were developed—189 are linear regression models and 25 are artificial neural network models. The coefficient of determination (R2) for 163 of the models is greater than 0.80 and the median percent model error (root mean square error divided by the range of the measured data) is 5 percent. To evaluate the performance of the hindcast models as a group, contour maps of modeled water-level surfaces at 2-centimeter (cm) intervals were generated using the hindcasted data. The 2-cm contour maps were examined for selected days to verify that water surfaces from the EDEN model are consistent with the input data. The biweekly 2-cm contour maps did show a higher number of issues during days in 1990 as compared to days after 1990. May 1990 had the lowest water levels in the Everglades of the 21-year dataset used for the hindcasting study. To hindcast these record low conditions in 1990, many of the hindcast models would require large extrapolations beyond the range of the predictive quality of the models. For these reasons, it was decided to limit the hindcasted data to the period January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1999. Overall, the hindcasted and gap-filled data are assumed to provide reasonable estimates of station-specific water-level data for an extended historical period to inform research and natural resource management in the Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145226","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Petkewich, M.D., O’Reilly, A.M., and Telis, P.A., 2015, Hydrologic record extension of water-level data in the Everglades Depth Estimation Network (EDEN), 1991-99: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5226, Report: vi, 27 p.; 2 Tables; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145226.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 27 p.; 2 Tables; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"38","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-059254","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297562,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145226.jpg"},{"id":297559,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5226/"},{"id":297560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5226/pdf/sir2014-5226.pdf","size":"2.93 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297561,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5226/downloads/sir2014-5226.xlsx","text":"Table 1 and 3, Appendixes 1-2","size":"149 kB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.93328857421875,\n 25.063209244186485\n ],\n [\n -81.93328857421875,\n 26.649913524725044\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 26.649913524725044\n ],\n [\n -79.98596191406249,\n 25.063209244186485\n ],\n [\n -81.93328857421875,\n 25.063209244186485\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publicComments":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Greater Everglades Priority Ecosystem Science","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a87e4b08de9379b30d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Reilly, Andrew M. 0000-0003-3220-1248 aoreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-1248","contributorId":2184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Reilly","given":"Andrew","email":"aoreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Telis, Pamela A. patelis@usgs.gov","contributorId":1461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Telis","given":"Pamela","email":"patelis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70138808,"text":"ds914 - 2015 - Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-08T12:36:53","indexId":"ds914","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T16:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"914","title":"Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center in St. Petersburg, Florida, collaborated with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility in Duck, North Carolina, to collect shallow water bathymetric data of the Wilderness breach on Fire Island, New York, in June 2013. The breach formed in October 2012 during Hurricane Sandy, and the USGS is involved in a post-Sandy effort to map, monitor, and model the morphologic evolution of the breach as part of Hurricane Sandy Supplemental Project GS2-2B: Linking Coastal Vulnerability and Process, Fire Island. This publication includes a bathymetric dataset of the breach and the adjacent nearshore on the ocean side of the island. The objective of the data collection and analysis is to map the bathymetry of the primary breach channel, ebb shoal, and nearshore bar system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds914","usgsCitation":"Brownell, A.T., Hapke, C.J., Spore, N., and McNinch, J., 2015, Bathymetry of the Wilderness breach at Fire Island, New York, June 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 914, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds914.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059527","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds914.jpg"},{"id":297554,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0914/ds914_abstract.html","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -72.66357421875,\n 40.81796653313175\n ],\n [\n -72.66357421875,\n 40.588928169693745\n ],\n [\n -73.3502197265625,\n 40.588928169693745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a58e4b08de9379b2ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownell, Andrew T. abrownell@usgs.gov","contributorId":5801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownell","given":"Andrew","email":"abrownell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":538904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spore, Nicholas J.","contributorId":138833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spore","given":"Nicholas J.","affiliations":[{"id":12537,"text":"USACE","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNinch, Jesse E.","contributorId":93804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNinch","given":"Jesse E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70134733,"text":"sir20145202 - 2015 - Flood-inundation maps for Indian Creek and Tomahawk Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-14T11:12:39","indexId":"sir20145202","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T16:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5202","title":"Flood-inundation maps for Indian Creek and Tomahawk Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2014","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 6.4-mile upper reach of Indian Creek from College Boulevard to the confluence with Tomahawk Creek, a 3.9-mile reach of Tomahawk Creek from 127th Street to the confluence with Indian Creek, and a 1.9-mile lower reach of Indian Creek from the confluence with Tomahawk Creek to just beyond the Kansas/Missouri border at State Line Road in Johnson County, Kansas, were created by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the city of Overland Park, Kansas. The flood-inundation maps, which can be accessed through the U.S. Geological Survey Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages on Indian Creek at Overland Park, Kansas; Indian Creek at State Line Road, Leawood, Kansas; and Tomahawk Creek near Overland Park, Kansas. Near real time stages at these streamgages may be obtained on the Web from the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis or the National Weather Service Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at these sites.
Flood profiles were computed for the stream reaches by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated for each reach by using the most current stage-discharge relations at the streamgages. The hydraulic models were then used to determine 15 water-surface profiles for Indian Creek at Overland Park, Kansas; 17 water-surface profiles for Indian Creek at State Line Road, Leawood, Kansas; and 14 water-surface profiles for Tomahawk Creek near Overland Park, Kansas, for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the next interval above the 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability flood level (500-year recurrence interval). The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined in a geographic information system with a digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging data (having a 0.429-foot vertical and 0.228-foot horizontal accuracy) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.
The availability of these maps, along with Web information regarding current stage from the U.S. Geological Survey streamgages and forecasted high-flow stages from the National Weather Service, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations, road closures, and postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145202","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Overland Park, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Peters, A.J., and Studley, S.E., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for Indian Creek and Tomahawk Creek, Johnson County, Kansas, 2014 (ver. 1.1, January 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5202, 11 p., https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145202.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056342","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323570,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/downloads/","text":"Downloads Directory","linkHelpText":"Contains: geospatial database. Refer to the Metadata file for more information."},{"id":323571,"rank":5,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/downloads/metadata.docx"},{"id":297546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/pdf/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":297545,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/pdf/sir20145202.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297536,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/"},{"id":314701,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5202/versionhist.txt","size":"1 kb","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"SIR 2014-5202 version history"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","county":"Johnson County","otherGeospatial":"Indian Creek, Tomahawk Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 40.01078714046552\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 39.9434364619742\n ],\n [\n -94.833984375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -102.1728515625,\n 40.01078714046552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted January 26, 2015; Version 1.1: January 25, 2016","contact":"Director, USGS Kansas Water Science Center
4821 Quail Crest Place
Lawrence, KS 66049
\nhttp://ks.water.usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"\n- Acknowledgments
\n- Abstract
\n- Introduction
\n- Creation of Flood-Inundation-Map Library
\n- Summary
\n- References Cited
\n
","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"publishedDate":"2016-01-25","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a78e4b08de9379b3089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peters, Arin J. ajpeters@usgs.gov","contributorId":5862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Arin","email":"ajpeters@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Studley, Seth E. sstudley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Studley","given":"Seth","email":"sstudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138874,"text":"70138874 - 2015 - Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-23T16:27:43","indexId":"70138874","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed","docAbstract":"Hydrologic exports of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon (DIC, DOC) reflect permafrost conditions in arctic and subarctic river basins. DIC yields in particular, increase with decreased permafrost extent. We investigated the influence of permafrost extent on DIC and DOC yield in a tributary of the Yukon River, where the upper watershed has continuous permafrost and the lower watershed has discontinuous permafrost. Our results indicate that DIC versus DOC predominance switches with interannual changes in water availability and flow routing in intermediate-size watersheds having mixed permafrost coverage. Large water yield and small concentrations from mountainous headwaters and small water yield and high concentrations from lowlands produced similar upstream and downstream carbon yields. However, DOC export exceeded DIC export during high-flow 2011 while DIC predominated during low-flow 2010. The majority of exported carbon derived from near-surface organic sources when landscapes were wet or frozen and from mineralized subsurface sources when infiltration increased.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062349","usgsCitation":"Dornblaser, M.M., and Striegl, R.G., 2015, Switching predominance of organic versus inorganic carbon exports from an intermediate-size subarctic watershed: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 2, p. 386-394, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062349.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"394","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056632","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472320,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062349","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -164.28955078125,\n 62.65396335371416\n ],\n [\n -163.41064453125,\n 62.65396335371416\n ],\n [\n -163.32275390625,\n 61.887225669194976\n ],\n [\n -164.11376953125,\n 61.938950426660604\n ],\n [\n -164.28955078125,\n 62.65396335371416\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2abbe4b08de9379b31b5","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014gl062349","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062349","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Dornblaser Mark M., Striegl Robert G.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"1/28/2015","auditedOn":"2/11/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dornblaser, Mark M. 0000-0002-6298-3757 mmdornbl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-3757","contributorId":1636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dornblaser","given":"Mark","email":"mmdornbl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123438,"text":"70123438 - 2015 - Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-28T08:44:48","indexId":"70123438","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower","docAbstract":"Simulating the magnitude and variability of terrestrial methane sources and sinks poses a challenge to ecosystem models because the biophysical and biogeochemical processes that lead to methane emissions from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are, by their nature, episodic and spatially disjunct. As a consequence, model predictions of regional methane emissions based on field campaigns from short eddy covariance towers or static chambers have large uncertainties, because measurements focused on a particular known source of methane emission will be biased compared to regional estimates with regards to magnitude, spatial scale, or frequency of these emissions. Given the relatively large importance of predicting future terrestrial methane fluxes for constraining future atmospheric methane growth rates, a clear need exists to reduce spatiotemporal uncertainties. In 2010, an Ameriflux tower (US-PFa) near Park Falls, WI, USA, was instrumented with closed-path methane flux measurements at 122 m above ground in a mixed wetland–upland landscape representative of the Great Lakes region. Two years of flux observations revealed an average annual methane (CH4) efflux of 785 ± 75 mg C![\"single](\"http://cdn.els-cdn.com/sd/entities/sbnd\")
CH4 m−2 yr−1, compared to a mean CO2 sink of −80 g CCO2 m−2 yr−1, a ratio of 1% in magnitude on a mole basis. Interannual variability in methane flux was 30% of the mean flux and driven by suppression of methane emissions during dry conditions in late summer 2012. Though relatively small, the magnitude of the methane source from the very tall tower measurements was mostly within the range previously measured using static chambers at nearby wetlands, but larger than a simple scaling of those fluxes to the tower footprint. Seasonal patterns in methane fluxes were similar to those simulated in the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), but magnitude depends on model parameterization and input data, especially regarding wetland extent. The model was unable to simulate short-term (sub-weekly) variability. Temperature was found to be a stronger driver of regional CH4flux than moisture availability or net ecosystem production at the daily to monthly scale. Taken together, these results emphasize the multi-timescale dependence of drivers of regional methane flux and the importance of long, continuous time series for their characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017","usgsCitation":"Desai, A.R., Xu, K., Tian, H., Weishampel, P., Thom, J., Baumann, D.D., Andrews, A.E., Cook, B.D., King, J.Y., and Kolka, R., 2015, Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 201, p. 61-75, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"61","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057381","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297533,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Park Falls","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 46.800059446787316\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 46.6795944656402\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 42.42345651793833\n ],\n [\n -92.6806640625,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -92.5048828125,\n 46.800059446787316\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"201","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a8ee4b08de9379b30f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Desai, Ankur R. 0000-0002-5226-6041","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-6041","contributorId":20622,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Desai","given":"Ankur","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xu, Ke","contributorId":115559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xu","given":"Ke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tian, Hanqin","contributorId":117981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"Hanqin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weishampel, Peter","contributorId":116746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weishampel","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thom, Jonthan","contributorId":118322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thom","given":"Jonthan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baumann, Daniel D. dbaumann@usgs.gov","contributorId":5950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumann","given":"Daniel","email":"dbaumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Andrews, Arlyn E.","contributorId":117698,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Andrews","given":"Arlyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12448,"text":"U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cook, Bruce D.","contributorId":118323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"King, Jennifer Y.","contributorId":120697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":6710,"text":"University of California, Santa Barbara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kolka, Randall","contributorId":115924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kolka","given":"Randall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70139233,"text":"sir20145186 - 2015 - A model for evaluating stream temperature response to climate change in Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T15:19:51","indexId":"sir20145186","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5186","title":"A model for evaluating stream temperature response to climate change in Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Expected climatic changes in air temperature and precipitation patterns across the State of Wisconsin may alter future stream temperature and flow regimes. As a consequence of flow and temperature changes, the composition and distribution of fish species assemblages are expected to change. In an effort to gain a better understanding of how climatic changes may affect stream temperature, an approach was developed to predict and project daily summertime stream temperature under current and future climate conditions for 94,341 stream kilometers across Wisconsin. The approach uses a combination of static landscape characteristics and dynamic time-series climatic variables as input for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model integrated with a Soil-Water-Balance (SWB) Model. Future climate scenarios are based on output from downscaled General Circulation Models (GCMs). The SWB model provided a means to estimate the temporal variability in groundwater recharge and provided a mechanism to evaluate the effect of changing air temperature and precipitation on groundwater recharge and soil moisture. The Integrated Soil-Water-Balance and Artificial Neural Network version 1 (SWB-ANNv1) Model was used to simulate daily summertime stream temperature under current (1990–2008) climate and explained 76 percent of the variation in the daily mean based on validation at 67 independent sites. Results were summarized as July mean water temperature, and individual stream segments were classified by thermal class (cold, cold transition, warm transition, and warm) for comparison of current (1990–2008) with future climate conditions.
\nIntegrating the SWB Model with the ANN Model provided a mechanism by which downscaled global or regional climate model results could be used to estimate the potential effects of climate change on future stream temperature on a daily time step. To address future climate scenarios, statistically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from 10 GCMs and 2 time periods were used with the SWB-ANNv1 Model to project future stream temperature. Projections of future stream temperatures at mid- (2046–65) and late- (2081–2100) 21st century showed the July mean water temperature increasing for all stream segments with about 80 percent of stream kilometers increasing by 1 to 2 degrees Celsius (°C) by mid-century and about 99 percent increasing by 1 to 3 °C by late-century. Projected changes in stream temperatures also affected changes in thermal classes with a loss in the total amount of cold-water, cold-transition, and warm-transition thermal habitat and a gain in warm-water and very warm thermal habitat for both mid- and late-21st century time periods. The greatest losses occurred for cold-water streams and the greatest gains for warm-water streams, with a contraction of cold-water streams in the Driftless Area of western and southern Wisconsin and an expansion of warm-water streams across northern Wisconsin. Results of this study suggest that such changes will affect the composition of fish assemblages, with a loss of suitable habitat for cold-water fishes and gain in suitable habitat for warm-water fishes. In the end, these projected changes in thermal habitat attributable to climate may result in a net loss of fisheries, because many warm-water species may be unable to colonize habitats formerly occupied by cold-water species because of other habitat limitations (e.g., stream size, gradient). Although projected stream temperatures may vary greatly, depending on the emissions scenario and models used, the results presented in this report represent one possibility. The relative change in stream temperature can provide useful information for planning for potential climate impacts to aquatic ecosystems. Model results can be used to help identify vulnerabilities of streams to climate change, guide stream surveys and thermal classifications, prioritize the allocation of scarce financial resources, identify approaches to climate adaptation to best protect and enhance resiliency in stream thermal habitat, and provide information to make quantitative assessments of statewide stream resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145186","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.S., Westenbroek, S.M., Mitro, M.G., Lyons, J.D., Kammel, L.E., and Buchwald, C.A., 2015, A model for evaluating stream temperature response to climate change in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5186, Report: ix, 64 p.; Appendices 1-2, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145186.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 64 p.; Appendices 1-2","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-057452","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297551,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145186.jpg"},{"id":297547,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/"},{"id":297548,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/pdf/sir2014-5186.pdf","text":"Report","size":"208 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297549,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/appendix/appendix1_stream_temp_sites.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"69 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Stream Identification Information"},{"id":297550,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5186/appendix/appendix2_climate_stations.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"20 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Climate Station Information"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 47.10752278534248\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 47.10752278534248\n ],\n [\n -86.6162109375,\n 42.47209690919285\n ],\n [\n -93.878173828125,\n 42.47209690919285\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a4ce4b08de9379b2fca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, Jana S. 0000-0002-8121-1373 jsstewar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-1373","contributorId":539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Jana","email":"jsstewar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westenbroek, Stephen M. 0000-0002-6284-8643 smwesten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6284-8643","contributorId":2210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westenbroek","given":"Stephen","email":"smwesten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitro, Matthew G.","contributorId":25090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitro","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":539288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyons, John D.","contributorId":55364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kammel, Leah E. lkammel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammel","given":"Leah","email":"lkammel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":539290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70138858,"text":"70138858 - 2015 - Evaluating the piscicide rotenone as an option for eradication of invasive Mozambique tilapia in a Hawaiian brackish-water wetland complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-07T10:22:25","indexId":"70138858","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2655,"text":"Management of Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the piscicide rotenone as an option for eradication of invasive Mozambique tilapia in a Hawaiian brackish-water wetland complex","docAbstract":"Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus were recently discovered in ‘Aimakapā Fishpond, a 12-hectare brackish-water wetland complex in Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park, on the Island of Hawai’i. As a possible eradication method, we evaluated rotenone, a natural piscicide used in fish management and the active ingredient in plants traditionally used by indigenous Hawaiians for capturing fish. To assess rotenone’s efficacy in killing tilapia and effects on non-target species, laboratory toxicity tests involved exposing organisms to various concentrations of liquid CFT Legumine (5% rotenone) in static trials of 48-h to 72-h duration. Test organisms included: Mozambique tilapia, non-native guppy Poecilia reticulata, the non-native odonate Rambur’s forktail Ischnura ramburii, native feeble shrimp Palaemon debilis, and native ‘ōpae’ula shrimp Halocaridina rubra. All organisms and water used in tests were obtained from ‘Aimakapā (12.6–12.7 ppt salinity), or, for H. rubra, an anchialine pool (15.0–15.2 ppt salinity). Survival analyses indicated CFT Legumine concentrations >3 ppm (>0.15 mg/L rotenone) achieved 100% mortality of tilapia and 93% of guppies within 24 h, with most tilapia killed by 6 h and most guppies by 2 h. Little or no mortality was observed among invertebrate exposed to 1 to 5 mg/L CFT Legumine: 0% mortality for ‘ōpae’ula shrimp, 4% for feeble shrimp; and 16% for odonate larvae. The 48 h LC50 values for Mozambique tilapia and guppy were 0.06 and 0.11 mg/L rotenone, respectively. Results demonstrate rotenone’s potential for non-native fish eradication in brackish-water habitats, with benefit of low mortality to certain macro-invertebrates. High rotenone tolerance displayed by ‘ōpae’ula shrimp is noteworthy. Invasive fish are common in anchialine pools, threatening existence of shrimp and other invertebrate fauna. Although rotenone’s effects on freshwater organisms have been well studied, our research represents one of only a few controlled laboratory experiments quantitatively assessing rotenone tolerance of brackish or marine fauna.
","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.07","usgsCitation":"Nico, L., Englund, R.A., and Jelks, H.L., 2015, Evaluating the piscicide rotenone as an option for eradication of invasive Mozambique tilapia in a Hawaiian brackish-water wetland complex: Management of Biological Invasions, v. 6, no. 1, p. 83-104, https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.07.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"104","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057026","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472321,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.1.07","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297522,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -160.7080078125,\n 22.51255695405145\n ],\n [\n -153.5888671875,\n 22.26876403907398\n ],\n [\n -153.369140625,\n 18.437924653474393\n ],\n [\n -160.927734375,\n 18.89589255941504\n ],\n [\n -160.7080078125,\n 22.51255695405145\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a75e4b08de9379b3074","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nico, Leo 0000-0002-4488-7737 lnico@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4488-7737","contributorId":138599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nico","given":"Leo","email":"lnico@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Englund, Ronald A.","contributorId":138891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Englund","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12568,"text":"Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jelks, Howard L. 0000-0002-0672-6297 hjelks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0672-6297","contributorId":2962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jelks","given":"Howard","email":"hjelks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70136548,"text":"70136548 - 2015 - Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio Geyser Field, Atacama Desert, Chile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T15:39:51","indexId":"70136548","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio Geyser Field, Atacama Desert, Chile","docAbstract":"Despite more than 200 years of scientific study, the internal dynamics of geyser systems remain poorly characterized. As a consequence, there remain fundamental questions about what processes initiate and terminate eruptions, and where eruptions begin. Over a one-week period in October 2012, we collected down-hole measurements of pressure and temperature in the conduit of an exceptionally regular geyser (132 s/cycle) located in the Chilean desert. We identified four stages in the geyser cycle: (1) recharge of water into the conduit after an eruption, driven by the pressure difference between water in the conduit and in a deeper reservoir; (2) a pre-eruptive stage that follows the recharge and is dominated by addition of steam from below; (3) the eruption, which occurs by rapid boiling of a large mass of water at the top of the water column, and decompression that propagates boiling conditions downward; (4) a relaxation stage during which pressure and temperature decrease until conditions preceding the recharge stage are restored. Eruptions are triggered by the episodic addition of steam coming from depth, suggesting that the dynamics of the eruptions are dominated by geometrical and thermodynamic complexities in the conduit and reservoir. Further evidence favoring the dominance of internal processes in controlling periodicity is also provided by the absence of responses of the geyser to environmental perturbations (air pressure, temperature and probably also Earth tides).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.002","usgsCitation":"Munoz-Saez, C., Manga, M., Hurwitz, S., Rudolph, M.L., Namiki, A., and Wang, C., 2015, Dynamics within geyser conduits, and sensitivity to environmental perturbations: insights from a periodic geyser in the El Tatio Geyser Field, Atacama Desert, Chile: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 292, p. 41-55, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.01.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"55","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062007","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt9s61d1cf/qt9s61d1cf.pdf","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","otherGeospatial":"Atacama Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n -24.367113562651262\n ],\n [\n -71.630859375,\n -29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -69.6533203125,\n -29.458731185355315\n ],\n [\n -68.291015625,\n -24.287026865376422\n ],\n [\n -70.6201171875,\n -24.367113562651262\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"292","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ee4b08de9379b305c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munoz-Saez, Carolina","contributorId":131167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munoz-Saez","given":"Carolina","affiliations":[{"id":7102,"text":"University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil & Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manga, Michael","contributorId":131168,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manga","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":7102,"text":"University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil & Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rudolph, Maxwell L.","contributorId":131169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rudolph","given":"Maxwell","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6929,"text":"Portland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Namiki, Atsuko","contributorId":131170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Namiki","given":"Atsuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7267,"text":"University of Tokyo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wang, Chi-Yuen","contributorId":131171,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Chi-Yuen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7102,"text":"University of California, Berkeley, Dept. of Civil & Envir. Engineering","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70041855,"text":"70041855 - 2015 - Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T16:01:00","indexId":"70041855","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions","docAbstract":"Earthquake recurrence requires interseismic fault restrengthening which results from solid state deformation in room-temperature friction and indentation experiments. In contrast exhumed fault zones show solution-transport processes such as pressure solution and contact overgrowths influence fault zone properties . In the absence of fluid flow, overgrowths are driven by gradients in surface curvature where material is dissolved, diffuses, and precipitates at the contact without convergence normal to the contact. To determine the rate of overgrowth for quartz, we conducted single contact experiments in an externally heated pressure vessel. Convergence was continuously monitored using reflected-light interferometry through a long-working-distance microscope. Contact normal force was constant with an initial effective normal stress of 1.7 MPa, temperature was between 350 and 530{degree sign}C, and water pressure was constant at 150 MPa. Two control experiments were conducted: one dry at 425{degree sign}C and one bi-material (sapphire) at 425{degree sign}C and 150 MPa water pressure. No contact growth or convergence was observed in the controls. For wet single-phase contacts, growth was initially rapid and then decreased with time. No convergence was observed. Fluid inclusions indicate that the contact is not uniformly wetted. The contact is bounded by small regions of high aperture, reflecting local free-face dissolution as the source for the overgrowth. The apparent activation energy is ~125 kJ/mol. Extrapolation predicts rates of contact area increase orders of magnitude faster than in dry, room-temperature and hydrothermal friction experiments, suggesting that natural strength recovery near the base of the seismogenic zone could be dominated by contact overgrowth.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB011816","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., and Hickman, S.H., 2015, Direct measurement of asperity contact growth in quartz at hydrothermal conditions: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 120, no. 5, p. 3599-3616, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011816.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"3599","endPage":"3616","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-018602","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"120","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6be4b08de9379b304c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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