In the absence of specific criteria, the topography, geomorphology, and geology of Jackass Flats and vicinity in the southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site are evaluated by arbitrary guidelines for a Spent Unreprocessed Fuel Facility. The guidelines include requirements for surface slopes of less than 5 percent, 61 m of alluvium beneath the site, an area free of active erosion or deposition, lack of faults, a minimum area of 5 km2, no potential for flooding, and as many logistical support facilities as possible.
The geology of the Jackass Flats area is similar to the rest of the Nevada Test Site in topographic relief (305-1,200 m), stratigraphy (complexly folded and faulted Paleozoic sediments overlain by Tertiary ash-flow tuffs and lavas overlain in turn by younger alluvium), and structure (Paleozoic thrust faults and folds, strike-slip faults, proximity to volcanic centers, and Basin and Range normal faults). Of the stratigraphic units at the potential Spent Unreprocessed Fuel Facility site in Jackass Flats, only the thickness and stability of the alluvium are of immediate importance. Basin and Range faults and a possible extension of the Mine Mountain fault need further investigation.
The combination of a slope map and a simplified geologic and physiographic map into one map shows several potential sites for a Spent Unreprocessed Fuel Facility in Jackass Flats. The potential areas have slopes of less than 5 percent and contain only desert pavement or segmented desert pavement--the two physiographic categories having the greatest geomorphic and hydraulic stability.
Before further work can be done, specific criteria for a Spent Unreprocessed Fuel Facility site must be defined. Following criteria definition, potential sites will require detailed topographic and geologic studies, subsurface investigations (including geophysical methods, trenching, and perhaps shallow drilling for faults in alluvium), detailed surface hydrologic studies, and possibly subsurface hydrologic studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr78269","usgsCitation":"Hoover, D.L., Eckel, E.B., and Ohl, J.P., 1978, Potential sites for a spent unreprocessed fuel facility (SURFF), southwestern part of the Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-269, i, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78269.","productDescription":"i, 18 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407416,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0269/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":153460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0269/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 36.68383870263707\n ],\n [\n -115.91949462890624,\n 36.68383870263707\n ],\n [\n -115.91949462890624,\n 37.118716304960124\n ],\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 37.118716304960124\n ],\n [\n -116.74072265625,\n 36.68383870263707\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad4e4b07f02db683149","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoover, D. L.","contributorId":70388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoover","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eckel, Edwin Butt","contributorId":95861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckel","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"Butt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":180915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohl, Jane P.","contributorId":104062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohl","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":180916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20429,"text":"ofr78974 - 1978 - Determination of peak discharge from rainfall data for urbanized basins, Wichita, Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-29T15:55:40","indexId":"ofr78974","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-974","title":"Determination of peak discharge from rainfall data for urbanized basins, Wichita, Kansas","docAbstract":"Rainfall and runoff data from urbanized drainage basins in the Wichita area, Kansas, were used to evaluate the Soil Conservation Service synthetichydrograph method of computing flood hydrographsfrom rainfall data. The method was tested on six basins where the impervious surface ranged from 11 percent on the least urbanized basin to 40 percent on the most urbanized. Twenty-two of the largest storm events for which peak discharges had been observed were used in the test. After modification of the method for this particular area, results showed an average error of 20 percent, disregarding sign, with an apparent bias of 8 percent. However, uncertainties in some of the data make it impractical to adjust for bias.
Application of the modified method using data on rainfall, impervious surface, soils, land use, channel slope, length of main channel, and drainage area is described for a hypothetical basin. As an alternative to more complete and complex modeling by digital computer, a peak discharge for drainage design can be calculated by applying the SCS method to a standardized \"design storm\" for a specified recurrence interval. The method is sensitive to soil conditions and land use; therefore, accurate information on these factors is necessary.
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R.","contributorId":7282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20310,"text":"ofr78273 - 1978 - Drilling during 1977 in the Danforth Hills coal field, Axial and Ninemile Gap quadrangles, Moffat and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:37","indexId":"ofr78273","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"78-273","title":"Drilling during 1977 in the Danforth Hills coal field, Axial and Ninemile Gap quadrangles, Moffat and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr78273","usgsCitation":"Nutt, C.J., 1978, Drilling during 1977 in the Danforth Hills coal field, Axial and Ninemile Gap quadrangles, Moffat and Rio Blanco counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-273, i, 17 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr78273.","productDescription":"i, 17 leaves :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152336,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0273/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49844,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1978/0273/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635a93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nutt, Connie J.","contributorId":82675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nutt","given":"Connie","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4074,"text":"cir777 - 1978 - A guide to obtaining information from the USGS 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:28","indexId":"cir777","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"777","title":"A guide to obtaining information from the USGS 1978","docAbstract":"For almost 100 years, the USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) has served Federal, State, and local governments and the public by collecting, analyzing, and publishing detailed information about the Nation 's mineral, land, and water resources. This information is released in a variety of map, book, and other formats and is available for free distribution or for sale from sources both within and outside the USGS. This guide has been prepared to assist in obtaining these information products and to aid in locating both general and specific unpublished information within the USGS. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir777","usgsCitation":"Clarke, P.F., Hodgson, H.E., and North, G.W., 1978, A guide to obtaining information from the USGS 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 777, 42 p. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir777.","productDescription":"42 p. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0777/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31168,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0777/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clarke, Paul F. 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","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0791/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30569,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0791/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa895","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Barbara B.","contributorId":59020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naab, Debbi A.","contributorId":83506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naab","given":"Debbi","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derr, John S.","contributorId":89513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":3836,"text":"cir780 - 1978 - Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; fiscal year 1978 studies supported by the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:40","indexId":"cir780","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"780","title":"Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; fiscal year 1978 studies supported by the U.S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\ndistributed by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir780","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, R.M., 1978, Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program; fiscal year 1978 studies supported by the U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 780, vi, 36 p. :ill., map ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir780.","productDescription":"vi, 36 p. :ill., map ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118394,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0780/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30909,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0780/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62ac89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, Robert Morrison","contributorId":69115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Morrison","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4524,"text":"cir766C - 1978 - Earthquakes in the United States, July-September 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T19:55:57.94528","indexId":"cir766C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"766","chapter":"C","title":"Earthquakes in the United States, July-September 1976","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir766C","usgsCitation":"Stover, C.W., Simon, R.B., Person, W., and Minsch, J.H., 1978, Earthquakes in the United States, July-September 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 766, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir766C.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405835,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23724.htm"},{"id":31582,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0766c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0766c/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 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W.","contributorId":70369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stover","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Minsch, J. H.","contributorId":27035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3252,"text":"cir781 - 1978 - The case of the shrinking channels; the North Platte and Platte rivers in Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:21","indexId":"cir781","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"781","title":"The case of the shrinking channels; the North Platte and Platte rivers in Nebraska","docAbstract":"Since the latter part of the 19th century, channels of North Platte and Platte Rivers in western and central Nebraska have changed considerably. In the 365-km reach from Minatare to Overton, the channel by 2969 ws only about 0.1-0.2 as wide in 1865. The 1969 channel for this reach was less braided and slightly more sinuous than the 1938 channel. (No data are available for braiding and sinuosity prior to 1938.) From Overton to lGrand Island the 1969 channel was about o.6-0.7 as wide as in 1865, and various changes in braiding and sinuosity took place between 1938 and 1969. The decreases in channel width are related to decreases in water discharge. Such flow reductions have resulted primarily from regulating effects of major upstream dams and greater use of the river water. Much of the former river channel is now overgrown with vegetation. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir781","usgsCitation":"Williams, G.P., 1978, The case of the shrinking channels; the North Platte and Platte rivers in Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 781, iv, 48 p. : ill., maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir781.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p. : ill., maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123997,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0781/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30248,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0781/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Garnett P.","contributorId":100361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Garnett","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4368,"text":"cir797 - 1978 - A preliminary study of the Santa Barbara, California, earthquake of August 13, 1978, and its major aftershocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-23T09:58:27","indexId":"cir797","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"797","title":"A preliminary study of the Santa Barbara, California, earthquake of August 13, 1978, and its major aftershocks","docAbstract":"The ML5.1 Santa Barbara earthquake of August 13, 1978 occurred at lat 34' 22.2'N., long 119 ? 43.0' 4 km south of Santa Barbara, Calif. at a depth of 12.5 km in the northeast Santa Barbara Channel, part of the western Transverse Ranges geomorphic-structural province. This part of the province is characterized by seismically active, east-trending reverse faults and rates of coastal uplift that have averaged up to about 10 m/1000 years over the last 45,000 years. No surface rupture was detected onshore. Subsurface rupture propagated northwest from the main shock toward Goleta, 15 km west of Santa Barbara, where a maximum acceleration of 0.44 g was measured at ground level and extensive minor damage occurred; only minor injuries were reported. A fairly well-constrained fault-plane solution of the main shock and distribution of the aftershocks indicate that left-reverse-oblique slip occurred on west-northwest-trending, north-dipping reverse faults; inadequate dip control precludes good correlation with any one of several mapped faults. Had the earthquake been larger and rupture propagated to the southeast or a greater distance to the northwest, it could have posed a hazard to oilfield operations. The fault-plane solution and aftershock pattern closely fit the model of regional deformation and the solution closely resembles those of five previously mapped events located within a 15-km radius.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir797","usgsCitation":"Lee, W., Johnson, C., Henyey, T., and Yerkes, R., 1978, A preliminary study of the Santa Barbara, California, earthquake of August 13, 1978, and its major aftershocks: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 797, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir797.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":31478,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0797/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126765,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0797/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Barbara ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.05310058593749,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 34.21634468843463\n ],\n [\n -119.15771484375,\n 34.57442951865274\n ],\n [\n -120.05310058593749,\n 34.57442951865274\n ],\n [\n -120.05310058593749,\n 34.21634468843463\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa725","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, William Hung Kan","contributorId":83502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"William Hung Kan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, C.E.","contributorId":31741,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henyey, T.L.","contributorId":97887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henyey","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yerkes, R.L.","contributorId":46930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yerkes","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3772,"text":"cir755B - 1978 - Description of individual data items and codes in CRIB","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"cir755B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"755","chapter":"B","title":"Description of individual data items and codes in CRIB","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Computerized Resources Information Bank (CRIB) is being made available for public use through the computer facilities of the University of Oklahoma and the General Electric Company, U.S.A. The use of General Electric's worldwide information-services network provides access to the CRIB file to a worldwide clientele. This manual, which consists of two chapters, is intended as a guide to users who wish to interrogate the file. Chapter A contains a description of the CRIB file, information on the use of the GIPSY retrieval system, and a description of the General Electric MARK III Service. Chapter B contains a description of the individual data items in the CRIB record as well as code lists. \r\n\r\nCRIB consists of a set of variable-length records on the metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources of the United States and other countries. At present, 31,645 records in the master file are being made available. The record contains information on mineral deposits and mineral commodities. Some topics covered are: deposit name, location, commodity information, description of deposit, geology, production, reserves, potential resources, and references. \r\n\r\nThe data are processed by the GIPSY program, which maintains the data file and builds, updates, searches, and prints the records using simple yet versatile command statements. Searching and selecting records is accomplished by specifying the presence, absence, or content of any element of information in the record; these specifications can be logically linked to prepare sophisticated search strategies. Output is available in the form of the complete record, a listing of selected parts of the record, or fixed-field tabulations. \r\n\r\nThe General Electric MARK III Service is a computerized information services network operating internationally by land lines, satellites, and undersea cables. The service is available by local telephone to 500 cities in North America, Western Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. An interface called the 'foreground driver' is used to link the GIPSY program to the General Electric system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\ndistributed by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir755B","usgsCitation":"Keefer, E., and Calkins, J.A., 1978, Description of individual data items and codes in CRIB: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 755, iii, p B1-B32; ill. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir755B.","productDescription":"iii, p B1-B32; ill. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0755b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0755b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ec5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, Eleanor K.","contributorId":13218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Eleanor K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Calkins, James Alfred","contributorId":75504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calkins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4392,"text":"cir762C - 1978 - Seismic engineering program report, September-December 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"cir762C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"762","chapter":"C","title":"Seismic engineering program report, September-December 1977","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\n[available from] Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir762C","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Seismic engineering program report, September-December 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 762, vi, 27 p. :ill. ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir762C.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p. :ill. ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0762c/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31501,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0762c/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb833","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4269,"text":"cir755A - 1978 - Description of CRIB, the GIPSY retrieval mechanism, and the interface to the General Electric MARK III Service : CRIB, the mineral resources data bank of the U.S. Geological Survey--guide for public users, 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir755A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"755","chapter":"A","title":"Description of CRIB, the GIPSY retrieval mechanism, and the interface to the General Electric MARK III Service : CRIB, the mineral resources data bank of the U.S. Geological Survey--guide for public users, 1977","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Computerized Resources Information Bank (CRIB) is being made available for public use through the computer facilities of the University of Oklahoma and the General Electric Company, U.S.A. The use of General Electric's worldwide information-services network provides access to the CRIB file to a worldwide clientele. This manual, which consists of two chapters, is intended as a guide to users who wish to interrogate the file. Chapter A contains a description of the CRIB file, information on the use of the GIPSY retrieval system, and a description of the General Electric MARK III Service. Chapter B contains a description of the individual data items in the CRIB record as well as code lists. \r\n\r\nCRIB consists of a set of variable-length records on the metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources of the United States and other countries. At present, 31,645 records in the master file are being made available. The record contains information on mineral deposits and mineral commodities. Some topics covered are: deposit name, location, commodity information, description of deposit, geology, production, reserves, potential resources, and references. \r\n\r\nThe data are processed by the GIPSY program, which maintains the data file and builds, updates, searches, and prints the records using simple yet versatile command statements. Searching and selecting records is accomplished by specifying the presence, absence, or content of any element of information in the record; these specifications can be logically linked to prepare sophisticated search strategies. Output is available in the form of the complete record, a listing of selected parts of the record, or fixed-field tabulations. \r\n\r\nThe General Electric MARK III Service is a computerized information services network operating internationally by land lines, satellites, and undersea cables. The service is available by local telephone to 500 cities in North America, Western Europe, Australia, Southeast Asia, Japan, and Saudi Arabia. An interface called the 'foreground driver' is used to link the GIPSY program to the General Electric system.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir755A","usgsCitation":"Calkins, J.A., Keefer, E., Ofsharick, R.A., Mason, G.T., Tracy, P., and Atkins, M., 1978, Description of CRIB, the GIPSY retrieval mechanism, and the interface to the General Electric MARK III Service : CRIB, the mineral resources data bank of the U.S. Geological Survey--guide for public users, 1977: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 755, iii, p A1-A49; ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir755A.","productDescription":"iii, p A1-A49; ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0755a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31381,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0755a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cace","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Calkins, James Alfred","contributorId":75504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calkins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keefer, Eleanor K.","contributorId":13218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"Eleanor K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ofsharick, Regina A.","contributorId":53772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ofsharick","given":"Regina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, George T.","contributorId":51277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tracy, Patricia","contributorId":99960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Atkins, Mary","contributorId":108091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkins","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":4310,"text":"cir784 - 1978 - Gold, silver, and other resources in the ash of incinerated sewage sludge at Palo Alto, California; a preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"cir784","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"784","title":"Gold, silver, and other resources in the ash of incinerated sewage sludge at Palo Alto, California; a preliminary report","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir784","usgsCitation":"Gulbrandsen, R.A., Rait, N., Krier, D., Baedecker, P.A., and Childress, A., 1978, Gold, silver, and other resources in the ash of incinerated sewage sludge at Palo Alto, California; a preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 784, iii, 7 p. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir784.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117310,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0784/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0784/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673fe4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gulbrandsen, Robert A.","contributorId":83083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gulbrandsen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rait, Norma","contributorId":44128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rait","given":"Norma","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krier, D.J.","contributorId":96243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krier","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baedecker, P. A.","contributorId":95444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baedecker","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Childress, Anne","contributorId":100363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"Anne","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":4400,"text":"cir773 - 1978 - Stratigraphic test well, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:35","indexId":"cir773","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"773","title":"Stratigraphic test well, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Commission and the Nantucket Conservation Foundation, continuously cored 514 m of sediment and volcanic rock in a stratigraphic and water-quality test near the geographic center of Nantucket Island. Stratified sediments were divided texturally into three zones: the upper zone (0-128 m) contains mostly coarse sand and gravel; the middle zone (128-349 m) contains mostly silty clay and a few beds of sand and silt; and the lower zone (349-457 m) contains soft, unconsolidated, clayey sand. Below the lower zone, a saprolite, composed mostly of clay, grades abruptly downward at 470 m into partially altered basalt that extends to the bottom of the hole at 514 m. Calculations based on the Ghyben-Herzberg principle predicted a zone of freshwater 120-150 m thick. This principle is the theory of hydrostatic equilibrium between freshwater and more dense seawater in a coastal aquifer; it states that for each meter of ground-water elevation above sea level, the freshwater lens will depress the saltwater interface about 40 m below sea level. Freshwater or low-salinity brackish water was found in sediments far below the depth predicted by the Ghyben-Herzberg principle. These interstitial waters are probably relict ground water emplaced during times of low sea level during the Pleistocene. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir773","usgsCitation":"Folger, D.W., Hathaway, J., Christopher, R.A., Valentine, P.C., and Poag, C.W., 1978, Stratigraphic test well, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 773, iii, 28 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir773.","productDescription":"iii, 28 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0773/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31508,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0773/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1fe4b07f02db6ab708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Folger, David W.","contributorId":96663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Folger","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":149039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hathaway, J.C.","contributorId":94280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hathaway","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christopher, R. A.","contributorId":53775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopher","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valentine, P. C.","contributorId":46505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valentine","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Poag, C. W.","contributorId":16402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":3402,"text":"cir770 - 1978 - Water-quality indices for specific water uses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:41","indexId":"cir770","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"770","title":"Water-quality indices for specific water uses","docAbstract":"Water-quality indices were developed to assess waters for two specific uses--public water supply and irrigation. The assessment for a spcific water use is based on the availability f (of (1) a set of limits for each water quality property selected, (2) a rationale for selection, and (3) information that permits one to appraise the relationship of the concentration of the selected property to the suitability of the specific water use. The selected properties are divided into two classes: Type-I properties, those normaly considered toxic at low concentrations, and type-II properties, those which affect aesthetic conditions or which at high concentrations can be considered toxic or would otherwise render the water unfit for its intended use. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir770","usgsCitation":"Stoner, J., 1978, Water-quality indices for specific water uses: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 770, iii, 12 p. :ill. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir770.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0770/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":30419,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0770/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5539","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoner, J.D.","contributorId":58261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoner","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":146832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4127,"text":"cir774 - 1978 - Reconnaissance investigation of high-calcium marble in the Beaver Creek area, St. Lawrence County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir774","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"774","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of high-calcium marble in the Beaver Creek area, St. Lawrence County, New York","docAbstract":"Three belts of marble of the Grenville Series were mapped in the Beaver Creek drainage basin, St. Lawrence County, N.Y. One of these, on the west side of Beaver Creek, consists of coarsely crystalline pure calcitic marble that occurs in a zone at least 10 by 0.8 km in extent. Samples of marble show CaCO3 content to be greater than 93 percent, and some samples contain greater than 96 percent, and only small amounts of MgO and Fe203 are present. Marble in two other belts to the east of Beaver Creek are variable in composition, but locally have high content of calcium carbonate material. \r\n\r\nThe marble deposit west of Beaver Creek has a chemical composition favorable for specialized chemical, industrial, and metallurgical uses. Another favorable aspect of the deposit is its proximity to inexpensive water transportation on the St. Lawrence Seaway only 27.5 km away by road, at Ogdensburg, N.Y.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir774","usgsCitation":"Brown, C., 1978, Reconnaissance investigation of high-calcium marble in the Beaver Creek area, St. Lawrence County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 774, iii, 10 p. :maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir774.","productDescription":"iii, 10 p. :maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0774/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31234,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0774/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a63e4b07f02db636fc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Ervin","contributorId":58616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C. Ervin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4699,"text":"twri07C2 - 1978 - Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri07C2","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"07-C2","title":"Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water","docAbstract":"This report presents a model that simulates solute transport in flowing ground water. The model is both general and flexible in that it can be applied to a wide range of problem types. It is applicable to one- or two-dimensional problems involving steady-state or transient flow. The model computes changes in concentration over time caused by the processes of convective transport, hydrodynamic dispersion, and mixing (or dilution) from fluid sources. The model assumes that the solute is non-reactive and that gradients of fluid density, viscosity, and temperature do not affect the velocity distribution. However, the aquifer may be heterogeneous and (or) anisotropic.\r\nThe model couples the ground-water flow equation with the solute-transport equation. The digital computer program uses an alternating-direction implicit procedure to solve a finite-difference approximation to the ground-water flow equation, and it uses the method of characteristics to solve the solute-transport equation. The latter uses a particle- tracking procedure to represent convective transport and a two-step explicit procedure to solve a finite-difference equation that describes the effects of hydrodynamic dispersion, fluid sources and sinks, and divergence of velocity. This explicit procedure has several stability criteria, but the consequent time-step limitations are automatically determined by the program.\r\nThe report includes a listing of the computer program, which is written in FORTRAN IV and contains about 2,000 lines. The model is based on a rectangular, block-centered, finite difference grid. It allows the specification of any number of injection or withdrawal wells and of spatially varying diffuse recharge or discharge, saturated thickness, transmissivity, boundary conditions, and initial heads and concentrations. The program also permits the designation of up to five nodes as observation points, for which a summary table of head and concentration versus time is printed at the end of the calculations. The data input formats for the model require three data cards and from seven to nine data sets to describe the aquifer properties, boundaries, and stresses.\r\nThe accuracy of the model was evaluated for two idealized problems for which analytical solutions could be obtained. In the case of one-dimensional flow the agreement was nearly exact, but in the case of plane radial flow a small amount of numerical dispersion occurred. An analysis of several test problems indicates that the error in the mass balance will be generally less than 10 percent. The test problems demonstrated that the accuracy and precision of the numerical solution is sensitive to the initial number of particles placed in each cell and to the size of the time increment, as determined by the stability criteria. Mass balance errors are commonly the greatest during the first several time increments, but tend to decrease and stabilize with time.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/twri07C2","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Bredehoeft, J., 1978, Computer model of two-dimensional solute transport and dispersion in ground water: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 07-C2, vi, 90 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri07C2.","productDescription":"vi, 90 p. :ill. ; 26 cm. Reprinted in 1984.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139107,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri7c2/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4467,"text":"cir771 - 1978 - Worldwide directory of national earth-science agencies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"cir771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"771","title":"Worldwide directory of national earth-science agencies","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir771","usgsCitation":"Bergquist, W., Miller, R.L., Falk, A., and Tyskowki, J., 1978, Worldwide directory of national earth-science agencies: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 771, iv, 77 p. ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir771.","productDescription":"iv, 77 p. ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0771/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0771/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df57e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergquist, Wenonah E.","contributorId":96676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergquist","given":"Wenonah E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falk, A.L.","contributorId":11871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Falk","given":"A.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tyskowki, J.A.","contributorId":25818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tyskowki","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":4432,"text":"cir772B - 1978 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180237,"text":"70180237 - 1978 - New ages on intrusive rocks and altered zones in the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977","indexId":"70180237","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"New ages on intrusive rocks and altered zones in the Alaska Peninsula: A section in The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4432,"text":"cir772B - 1978 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977","indexId":"cir772B","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70180239,"text":"70180239 - 1978 - New potassium-argon data on the age of mineralization and metamorphism in the Willow Creek mining district, southern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska","indexId":"70180239","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"New potassium-argon data on the age of mineralization and metamorphism in the Willow Creek mining district, southern Talkeetna Mountains, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":4432,"text":"cir772B - 1978 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977","indexId":"cir772B","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977"},"id":2}],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-05T20:26:31.603152","indexId":"cir772B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"772-B","title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1977","docAbstract":"United States Geological Survey projects in Alaska study a wide range of topics of economic and scientific interest. Work done in 1977 includes contributions to economic geology, regional geology, stratigraphy, engineering geology, hydrology, and marine geology. Many maps and reports covering various aspects of the geology and mineral and water resources of the State were published. In addition, the published 1:1,000,000-scale map of the State has been revised in two areas. A bibliography containing 263 reports on Alaska published in 1977 is included.
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Kathleen M. kjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kathleen","email":"kjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":660852,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4384,"text":"cir785A - 1978 - Seismic engineering program report, January-April 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:27","indexId":"cir785A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"785","chapter":"A","title":"Seismic engineering program report, January-April 1978","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir785A","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Seismic engineering program report, January-April 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 785, iii, 11 p. :ill. ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir785A.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p. :ill. ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0785a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31493,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0785a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb8b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4439,"text":"cir772A - 1978 - The United States Geological Survey in Alaska; organization and status of programs in 1978","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:47","indexId":"cir772A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"772","chapter":"A","title":"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska; organization and status of programs in 1978","docAbstract":"United States Geological Survey projects in Alaska study a wide range of topics of economic and scientific interest. Work done in 1977 includes contributions to economic geology, regional geology, stratigraphy, engineering geology, hydrology, and marine geology. Many maps and reports covering various aspects of the geology and mineral and water resources of the State were published. In addition, the published 1:1,000,000-scale map of the State has been revised in two areas. A bibliography containing 263 reports on Alaska published in 1977 is included. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\ndistributed by Branch of Distribution, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir772A","usgsCitation":"Johnson, K.M., 1978, The United States Geological Survey in Alaska; organization and status of programs in 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 772, iv, p A1-A63; ill., maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir772A.","productDescription":"iv, p A1-A63; ill., maps ;27 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0772a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31542,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0772a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db6734d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Kathleen M. kjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kathleen","email":"kjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":149139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4284,"text":"cir778 - 1978 - The Energy Lands Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, fiscal year 1976","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir778","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"778","title":"The Energy Lands Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, fiscal year 1976","docAbstract":"The Energy Lands Program of the U.S. Geological Survey comprises several projects that conduct basic and interpretive earth-science investigations into the environmental aspects of energy-resource recovery, transmission, and conversion. More than half the coal reserves of the United States occur west of the Mississippi River; therefore, the program concentrates mostly on coal-producing regions in the Western interior. Additional studies involve the oil-shale region in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah, and coal-related work in Alaska and Appalachia. The work is done both by USGS personnel and under USGS grants and contracts through the Energy Lands Program to universities, State Geological Surveys, and private individuals. Maps and reports characterizing many aspects of environmental earth science are being prepared for areas of Alaska, Montana, North Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Texas. Types of studies underway include bedrock, surficial, and interpretive geology; engineering geology, geochemistry of surface materials and plants; climatic conditions as they influence rehabilitation potential of mined lands; and feasibility of surface vs. underground mining. The purpose common to all investigations in the Energy Lands Program is to provide timely earth-science information for use by managers, policy-makers, engineers, scientists, planners, and others, in order to contribute to an environmentally sound, orderly, and safe development of the energy resources of the Nation.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir778","usgsCitation":"Maberry, J.O., 1978, The Energy Lands Program of the U.S. Geological Survey, fiscal year 1976: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 778, vi, 42 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir778.","productDescription":"vi, 42 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0778/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31395,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0778/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maberry, John O. (compiler)","contributorId":83103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maberry","given":"John","suffix":"(compiler)","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4288,"text":"cir795 - 1978 - Estimation of ground motion parameters","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":7123,"text":"ofr78509 - 1978 - Estimation of ground motion parameters","indexId":"ofr78509","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of ground motion parameters"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4288,"text":"cir795 - 1978 - Estimation of ground motion parameters","indexId":"cir795","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"title":"Estimation of ground motion parameters"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:26","indexId":"cir795","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"795","title":"Estimation of ground motion parameters","docAbstract":"Strong motion data from western North America for earthquakes of magnitude greater than 5 are examined to provide the basis for estimating peak acceleration, velocity, displacement, and duration as a function of distance for three magnitude classes. A subset of the data (from the San Fernando earthquake) is used to assess the effects of structural size and of geologic site conditions on peak motions recorded at the base of structures. Small but statistically significant differences are observed in peak values of horizontal acceleration, velocity and displacement recorded on soil at the base of small structures compared with values recorded at the base of large structures. The peak acceleration tends to b3e less and the peak velocity and displacement tend to be greater on the average at the base of large structures than at the base of small structures. In the distance range used in the regression analysis (15-100 km) the values of peak horizontal acceleration recorded at soil sites in the San Fernando earthquake are not significantly different from the values recorded at rock sites, but values of peak horizontal velocity and displacement are significantly greater at soil sites than at rock sites.\r\n\r\nSome consideration is given to the prediction of ground motions at close distances where there are insufficient recorded data points. As might be expected from the lack of data, published relations for predicting peak horizontal acceleration give widely divergent estimates at close distances (three well known relations predict accelerations between 0.33 g to slightly over 1 g at a distance of 5 km from a magnitude 6.5 earthquake). After considering the physics of the faulting process, the few available data close to faults, and the modifying effects of surface topography, at the present time it would be difficult to accept estimates less than about 0.8 g, 110 cm/s, and 40 cm, respectively, for the mean values of peak acceleration, velocity, and displacement at rock sites within 5 km of fault rupture in a magnitude 6.5 earthquake. These estimates can be expected to change as more data become available.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir795","usgsCitation":"Boore, D.M., Joyner, W.B., Oliver, A., and Page, R., 1978, Estimation of ground motion parameters: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 795, v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir795.","productDescription":"v, 43 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0795/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31399,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1978/0795/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e478fe4b07f02db48a44c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boore, David M. boore@usgs.gov","contributorId":2509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boore","given":"David","email":"boore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":148728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Joyner, W. B.","contributorId":70746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joyner","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oliver, A.A.","contributorId":85572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"A.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Page, R.A.","contributorId":40197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":3255,"text":"cir764 - 1978 - Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-02T11:00:54","indexId":"cir764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"764","title":"Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina","docAbstract":"The design and objectives of the program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina are described. Using water-quality and streamflow data collected since the 1940's, a study is underway to define certain variations in water quality, to quantify the effects of man 's activities on water quality, and to determine long-term trends at key locations on the State 's major river. Data collected from 47 unpolluted stream sites were used to estimate average concentrations for naturally occurring constituents during periods of high and low flow. Methods are described for estimating constituent loads derived from both natural sources and sources of pollution. (Woodard-USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/cir764","usgsCitation":"Wilder, H.B., and Simmons, C.E., 1978, Program for evaluating stream quality in North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 764, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir764.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;27 cm. 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