Recent studies have shown that excessive dissolved-solids concentrations in water can have adverse effects on the environment and on agricultural, domestic, municipal, and industrial water users. Such effects motivated the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Quality Assessment Program to develop a SPAtially-Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model that has improved the understanding of sources, loads, yields, and concentrations of dissolved solids in streams of the conterminous United States.
\n\n
Using the SPARROW model, long-term mean annual dissolved-solids loads from 2,560 water-quality monitoring stations were statistically related to several spatial datasets that are surrogates for dissolved-solids sources and land-to-water delivery processes. Specifically, sources in the model included variables representing geologic materials, road deicers, urban lands, cultivated lands, and pasture lands. Transport of dissolved solids from these sources was modulated by land-to-water delivery variables that represent precipitation, streamflow, soil, vegetation, terrain, population, irrigation, and artificial drainage characteristics. Where appropriate, the load estimates, source variables, and transport variables were statistically adjusted to represent conditions for the base year 2000. The nonlinear least-squares estimated SPARROW model was used to predict long-term mean annual conditions for dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in a digital hydrologic network representing nearly 66,000 stream reaches and their corresponding incremental catchments that drain the Nation.
\n\n
Nationwide, the predominant source of dissolved solids yielded from incremental catchments and delivered to local streams is geologic materials in 89 percent of the catchments, road deicers in 5 percent of the catchments, pasture lands in 3 percent of the catchments, urban lands in 2 percent of the catchments, and cultivated lands in 1 percent of the catchments. Whereas incremental catchments with dissolved solids that originated predominantly from geologic sources or from urban lands are found across much of the Nation, incremental catchments with dissolved solids yields that originated predominantly from road deicers are largely found in the Northeast, and incremental catchments with dissolved solids that originated predominantly from cultivated or pasture lands are largely found in the West. The total amount of dissolved solids delivered to the Nation’s streams is 271.9 million metric tons (Mt) annually, of which 194.2 million Mt (71.4%) come from geologic sources, 37.7 million Mt (13.9%) come from road deicers, 18.2 million Mt (6.7%) come from pasture lands, 13.9 million Mt (5.1%) come from urban lands, and 7.9 million Mt (2.9%) come from cultivated lands.
\n\n
Nationwide, the median incremental-catchment yield delivered to local streams is 26 metric tons per year per square kilometer [(Mt/yr)/km2]. Ten percent of the incremental catchments yield less than 4 (Mt/yr)/km2, and 10 percent yield more than 90 (Mt/yr)/km2. Incremental-catchment yields greater than 50 (Mt/yr)/km2 mostly occur along the northern part of the West Coast and in a crescent shaped band south of the Great Lakes. For example, the median incremental-catchment yield is 81 (Mt/yr)/km2 for the Great Lakes, 78 (Mt/yr)/km2 for the Ohio, and 74 (Mt/yr)/km2 for the Upper Mississippi water-resources regions. Incremental-catchment yields less than 10 (Mt/yr)/km2 mostly occur in a wide band across the arid lowland of the interior West that excludes areas along the coast and the extensive, higher mountain ranges. For example, the median incremental-catchment yield is 3 (Mt/yr)/km2 for the Lower Colorado, 5 (Mt/yr)/km2 for the Rio Grande, and 8 (Mt/yr)/km2 for the Great Basin water-resources regions.
\n\n
Predicted incremental loads were cascaded down through the reach network, with loads accumulating from reach to reach. For most stream reaches, the entire incremental load of dissolved solids delivered to the reach was transported to either the ocean or to one of the large streams flowing along the U.S. international boundary without losses occurring along the way. The exceptions to this include streams in the southwestern part of the country, such as the Colorado River, Rio Grande, and streams of internally drained drainages in the Great Basin, where dissolved-solids loads decreased through streamflow diversion for off-stream use, or by infiltration through the streambed.
\n\n
Long-term mean annual flow-weighted concentrations were derived from the predicted accumulated-load and stream-discharge data. Widespread low concentrations, generally less than 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L), occur in many reaches of the New England, South Atlantic-Gulf, and Pacific Northwest water-resources regions as a result of moderate dissolved-solids yields and high runoff rates. Widespread moderate concentrations, generally between 100 and 500 mg/L, occur in many reaches of the Great Lakes, Ohio, and Upper Mississippi River water-resources regions. Whereas dissolved-solids yields are generally high in these regions, runoff rates are also high, which helps moderate concentrations in these regions. Widespread higher concentrations, generally greater than 500 mg/L, occur across a belt of reaches that extends almost continuously from Canada to Mexico in the Midwest, cutting through the Souris-Red-Rainy, Missouri, Arkansas-White-Red, Texas-Gulf, and Rio Grande water-resources regions. Although dissolved-solids yields are moderate to low in these areas, low runoff rates result in the high concentrations for these areas.
\n\n
In 12.6 percent of the Nation’s stream reaches, predicted concentrations of dissolved solids exceed 500 mg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s secondary, nonenforceable drinking water standard. While this standard provides a metric for evaluating predicted concentrations in the context of drinking-water supplies, it should be noted that it only applies to drinking water actually served to customers by water utilities, and it does not apply to all stream reaches in the Nation nor does it apply during times when water is not being withdrawn for use. Exceedance of 500 mg/L is more pronounced in certain water-resources regions than others. For example, about half of the reaches in the Souris-Red-Rainy region have concentrations predicted to exceed 500 mg/L, and between 25 and 37 percent of the reaches in the Missouri, Arkansas-White-Red, Texas-Gulf, Rio Grande, and Lower Colorado regions are predicted to exceed 500 mg/L.
\n\n
Development of stream-load data for use in the SPARROW model also provided long-term temporal trend information in dissolved-solids concentrations at the monitoring stations for their period of record, which was constrained between 1980 and 2009. For the 2,560 monitoring stations used in this study, long-term trends in flow-adjusted dissolved-solids concentrations increased over time at 23 percent of the stations, decreased at 18 percent of the stations, and did not change over time at 59 percent of the stations. Long-term trends show a strong regional spatial pattern where from the western parts of the Great Plains to the West Coast, concentrations mostly either did not change or decreased over time, and from the eastern parts of the Great Plains to the East Coast, concentrations mostly either did not change or increased over time.
\n\n
Results from the trend analysis and from the SPARROW model indicate that, compared to monitoring stations with no trends or decreasing trends, stations with increasing trends are associated with a smaller percentage of the predicted dissolved-solids load originating from geologic sources, and a larger percentage originating from urban lands and road deicers. Conversely, compared to stations with increasing trends or no trends, stations with decreasing trends have a larger percentage of the predicted dissolved-solids load originating from geologic sources and a smaller percentage originating from urban lands and road deicers. Stations with decreasing trends also have larger percentages of predicted dissolved-solids load originating from cultivated lands and pasture lands, compared to stations with increasing trends or no trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145012","collaboration":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Anning, D.W., and Flynn, M., 2014, Dissolved-solids sources, loads, yields, and concentrations in streams of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5012, Report: viii, 101 p.; Appendixes 1-4, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145012.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 101 p.; Appendixes 1-4","numberOfPages":"113","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-037458","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145012.jpg"},{"id":287811,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5012/pdf/sir2014-5012.pdf"},{"id":287813,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5012/downloads/sir20145012_app02.xlsx"},{"id":287812,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5012/downloads/sir20145012_app01.xlsx"},{"id":287814,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5012/downloads/sir20145012_app03.xlsx"},{"id":287815,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5012/downloads/sir20145012_app04.docx"},{"id":287810,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5012/"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.18505859374999, 25.97779895546436 ], [ -97.42675781249999, 25.878994400196202 ], [ -98.2177734375, 26.115985925333536 ], [ -99.0966796875, 26.47057302237511 ], [ -99.580078125, 27.625140335093324 ], [ -100.283203125, 28.265682390146477 ], [ -100.83251953125, 29.305561325527698 ], [ -101.27197265625, 29.592565403314087 ], [ -101.49169921875, 29.80251790576445 ], [ -102.67822265625, 29.76437737516313 ], [ -103.11767578124999, 29.036960648558267 ], [ -104.47998046875, 29.611670115197377 ], [ -104.7216796875, 29.973970240516614 ], [ -104.69970703125, 30.20211367909724 ], [ -104.9853515625, 30.675715404167743 ], [ -106.12792968749999, 31.44741029142872 ], [ -106.45751953125, 31.80289258670676 ], [ -108.21533203125, 31.784216884487385 ], [ -108.204345703125, 31.344254455668054 ], [ -110.98388671874999, 31.3348710339506 ], [ -114.82910156249999, 32.52828936482526 ], [ -114.7412109375, 32.731840896865684 ], [ -117.13623046874999, 32.54681317351514 ], [ -117.3779296875, 33.211116472416855 ], [ -118.23486328125, 33.779147331286474 ], [ -118.564453125, 34.043556504127444 ], [ -118.94897460937499, 34.052659421375964 ], [ -119.2236328125, 34.161818161230386 ], [ -119.66308593749999, 34.470335121217495 ], [ -120.44311523437499, 34.45221847282654 ], [ -120.640869140625, 34.56990638085636 ], [ -120.673828125, 35.137879119634185 ], [ -121.9482421875, 36.4566360115962 ], [ -121.83837890625, 36.721273880045004 ], [ -121.88232421875, 36.949891786813296 ], [ -122.05810546875, 36.96744946416931 ], [ -122.40966796874999, 37.23032838760387 ], [ -122.56347656249999, 37.71859032558816 ], [ -122.67333984374999, 37.90953361677018 ], [ -123.00292968749999, 37.996162679728116 ], [ -123.02490234375, 38.238180119798635 ], [ -123.74999999999999, 38.92522904714054 ], [ -123.85986328124999, 39.757879992021756 ], [ -124.365234375, 40.27952566881291 ], [ -124.4091796875, 40.463666324587685 ], [ -124.18945312500001, 41.07935114946899 ], [ -124.0576171875, 41.60722821271717 ], [ -124.29931640625, 42.00032514831621 ], [ -124.49707031249999, 42.827638636242284 ], [ -124.16748046874999, 43.83452678223684 ], [ -124.03564453125, 45.058001435398296 ], [ -124.03564453125, 46.30140615437332 ], [ -124.25537109375, 47.41322033016902 ], [ -124.62890625, 47.91634204016118 ], [ -124.69482421875, 48.4146186174932 ], [ -123.96972656249999, 48.188063481211415 ], [ -123.134765625, 48.17341248658084 ], [ -122.78320312499999, 48.246625590713826 ], [ -122.81616210937499, 48.42920055556841 ], [ -123.18969726562499, 48.50204750525715 ], [ -123.24462890625, 48.69096039092549 ], [ -122.728271484375, 48.77067246880509 ], [ -122.82714843749999, 49.001843917978526 ], [ -95.174560546875, 49.01625665778159 ], [ -95.152587890625, 49.38237278700955 ], [ -94.81201171875, 49.31796095602274 ], [ -94.669189453125, 48.777912755501845 ], [ -93.834228515625, 48.63290858589532 ], [ -93.8232421875, 48.516604348867475 ], [ -93.44970703125, 48.56752037390827 ], [ -93.33984375, 48.66194284607008 ], [ -92.59277343749999, 48.531157010976706 ], [ -92.08740234375, 48.37084770238363 ], [ -91.4501953125, 48.06339653776211 ], [ -91.07666015625, 48.19538740833338 ], [ -90.8349609375, 48.23930899024905 ], [ -90.791015625, 48.10743118848039 ], [ -89.62646484375, 48.019324184801185 ], [ -89.3463134765625, 47.98256841921402 ], [ -88.3795166015625, 48.31973404047173 ], [ -84.847412109375, 46.897739085507 ], [ -84.55078125, 46.464349400461124 ], [ -84.4134521484375, 46.49839225859763 ], [ -84.19921875, 46.53619267489863 ], [ -84.1058349609375, 46.51351558059737 ], [ -84.122314453125, 46.320378031062354 ], [ -84.00146484374999, 46.15700496290803 ], [ -83.95751953125, 46.06560846138691 ], [ -83.81469726562499, 46.11132565729796 ], [ -83.6334228515625, 46.11894150610708 ], [ -83.42468261718749, 46.0007775685566 ], [ -83.583984375, 45.82497145796607 ], [ -82.518310546875, 45.32897866218559 ], [ -82.12280273437499, 43.57243174740972 ], [ -82.40295410156249, 43.000629854450025 ], [ -82.474365234375, 42.79136972365016 ], [ -82.5732421875, 42.5611728553181 ], [ -82.8533935546875, 42.370720143531955 ], [ -83.07861328125, 42.32200108060303 ], [ -83.12255859375, 42.14304156290942 ], [ -83.14453125, 42.04521345501039 ], [ -83.07861328125, 41.86956082699455 ], [ -82.6776123046875, 41.68111756290652 ], [ -82.3974609375, 41.68111756290652 ], [ -81.243896484375, 42.21224516288584 ], [ -80.09033203125, 42.39506551565123 ], [ -78.9532470703125, 42.827638636242284 ], [ -78.91754150390625, 42.95039177450287 ], [ -79.06585693359375, 43.092960677116295 ], [ -79.06036376953125, 43.26120612479979 ], [ -79.19769287109375, 43.45291889355465 ], [ -78.6895751953125, 43.632099415557754 ], [ -76.7999267578125, 43.64005063334694 ], [ -76.4483642578125, 44.11125397357153 ], [ -75.7781982421875, 44.51609322284931 ], [ -75.30029296875, 44.84029065139799 ], [ -74.827880859375, 45.02695045318546 ], [ -71.510009765625, 45.02695045318546 ], [ -71.3232421875, 45.29034662473615 ], [ -70.653076171875, 45.42158812329091 ], [ -70.68603515625, 45.537136680398596 ], [ -70.301513671875, 45.920587344733654 ], [ -70.2685546875, 46.240651955001695 ], [ -70.059814453125, 46.40756396630067 ], [ -69.993896484375, 46.694667307773116 ], [ -69.246826171875, 47.46523622438362 ], [ -69.01611328125, 47.4355191531953 ], [ -69.0380859375, 47.26432008025478 ], [ -68.93920898437499, 47.19717795172789 ], [ -68.35693359375, 47.36115300722623 ], [ -67.763671875, 47.06263847995432 ], [ -67.78564453125, 45.706179285330855 ], [ -67.423095703125, 45.5679096098613 ], [ -67.423095703125, 45.22074260255366 ], [ -67.17041015625, 45.174292524076726 ], [ -66.961669921875, 44.85586880735725 ], [ -67.24731445312499, 44.63739123445585 ], [ -68.236083984375, 44.308126684886126 ], [ -68.258056640625, 44.20583500104184 ], [ -69.06005859375, 44.04811573082351 ], [ -69.80712890625, 43.73935207915473 ], [ -70.048828125, 43.78695837311561 ], [ -70.2081298828125, 43.73538317799622 ], [ -70.191650390625, 43.58039085560786 ], [ -70.587158203125, 43.25320494908846 ], [ -70.81787109374999, 42.89206418807337 ], [ -70.76568603515625, 42.70060440808085 ], [ -70.68603515625, 42.66426107379467 ], [ -70.63934326171875, 42.69051116998241 ], [ -70.59814453125, 42.65416193033991 ], [ -70.6585693359375, 42.589488572714245 ], [ -70.8782958984375, 42.54498667313236 ], [ -70.83984375, 42.508552415528634 ], [ -70.9771728515625, 42.44372793752476 ], [ -70.97442626953125, 42.391008609205045 ], [ -70.8343505859375, 42.26917949243506 ], [ -70.75469970703125, 42.24681856113825 ], [ -70.64208984375, 42.07783959017503 ], [ -70.5487060546875, 41.92680320648791 ], [ -70.53497314453125, 41.820455096140314 ], [ -70.42785644531249, 41.74672584176937 ], [ -70.21636962890625, 41.73852846935917 ], [ -70.0323486328125, 41.781552998900345 ], [ -70.0103759765625, 41.85319643776675 ], [ -70.0762939453125, 41.90432124806034 ], [ -70.09277343749999, 42.02889410108475 ], [ -70.16143798828125, 42.05948945192712 ], [ -70.1751708984375, 42.01869237684385 ], [ -70.24932861328125, 42.06356771883277 ], [ -70.22186279296875, 42.07987816698549 ], [ -70.13946533203124, 42.07580094787543 ], [ -70.02960205078125, 42.02889410108475 ], [ -69.96917724609375, 41.916585116228354 ], [ -69.93072509765625, 41.7856490686444 ], [ -69.93072509765625, 41.6770148220322 ], [ -69.971923828125, 41.61338889474735 ], [ -69.949951171875, 41.253032440653186 ], [ -70.11199951171875, 41.23238023874142 ], [ -70.279541015625, 41.304634388885916 ], [ -70.44158935546875, 41.347948493443546 ], [ -70.675048828125, 41.3500103516271 ], [ -70.7684326171875, 41.31494988250963 ], [ -70.7958984375, 41.29844430929419 ], [ -71.03759765625, 41.49623534616764 ], [ -71.10076904296875, 41.50034959128928 ], [ -71.180419921875, 41.46125371076149 ], [ -71.3616943359375, 41.45507852101139 ], [ -71.44683837890625, 41.43654942411456 ], [ -71.4935302734375, 41.36031866306708 ], [ -71.531982421875, 41.16004614168688 ], [ -71.97967529296874, 41.01928287604565 ], [ -72.86956787109375, 40.724364221722716 ], [ -73.33099365234375, 40.61812224225511 ], [ -73.75946044921875, 40.58267063809529 ], [ -73.92425537109375, 40.543026009954986 ], [ -73.9874267578125, 40.46993497635153 ], [ -73.96820068359375, 40.319325896602095 ], [ -74.07806396484375, 39.928694653732364 ], [ -74.1357421875, 39.631076770083666 ], [ -74.3994140625, 39.364032338047984 ], [ -74.6356201171875, 39.21948715423953 ], [ -74.8004150390625, 38.96795115401593 ], [ -74.96520996093749, 38.929502416386605 ], [ -75.07507324218749, 38.775499003812946 ], [ -75.0421142578125, 38.47939467327645 ], [ -75.16845703124999, 38.004819966413194 ], [ -75.574951171875, 37.65773212628274 ], [ -75.882568359375, 37.16907157713011 ], [ -75.9814453125, 36.88840804313823 ], [ -75.706787109375, 36.16448788632064 ], [ -75.443115234375, 35.7019167328534 ], [ -75.52001953125, 35.22767235493586 ], [ -76.00341796875, 35.10193405724606 ], [ -76.519775390625, 34.6241677899049 ], [ -76.783447265625, 34.66935854524543 ], [ -77.2119140625, 34.58799745550482 ], [ -77.596435546875, 34.37064492478658 ], [ -77.87109375, 34.043556504127444 ], [ -77.93701171875, 33.797408767572485 ], [ -78.167724609375, 33.87041555094183 ], [ -78.662109375, 33.8430453147447 ], [ -79.013671875, 33.568861182555565 ], [ -79.156494140625, 33.32134852669881 ], [ -79.1455078125, 33.201924189778936 ], [ -79.69482421875, 32.7872745269555 ], [ -80.43090820312499, 32.47269502206151 ], [ -80.44189453125, 32.32427558887655 ], [ -80.83740234375, 32.0732655510424 ], [ -81.265869140625, 31.42866311735861 ], [ -81.419677734375, 30.760718908944472 ], [ -81.34277343749999, 29.99300228455108 ], [ -80.936279296875, 29.1233732108192 ], [ -80.52978515625, 28.488005204159457 ], [ -80.606689453125, 28.372068829631633 ], [ -80.474853515625, 27.848790459862073 ], [ -80.068359375, 26.95145308349826 ], [ -80.079345703125, 26.2145910237943 ], [ -80.167236328125, 25.37380917154398 ], [ -80.79345703125, 24.87646991083154 ], [ -80.9033203125, 24.856534339310674 ], [ -81.177978515625, 25.21488107113259 ], [ -81.2548828125, 25.54244147012483 ], [ -81.551513671875, 25.878994400196202 ], [ -81.67236328125, 25.86910939099931 ], [ -81.89208984375, 26.441065564038418 ], [ -82.11181640625, 26.43122806450644 ], [ -82.298583984375, 26.833874515058554 ], [ -82.63916015625, 27.371767300523047 ], [ -82.869873046875, 27.89734922968426 ], [ -82.72705078125, 28.391400375817753 ], [ -82.7490234375, 29.046565622728846 ], [ -83.023681640625, 29.180941290001776 ], [ -83.8916015625, 30.0405664305846 ], [ -84.3310546875, 30.097613277217132 ], [ -84.320068359375, 29.907329376851553 ], [ -85.05615234375, 29.592565403314087 ], [ -85.36376953125, 29.66896252599253 ], [ -86.02294921875, 30.29701788337205 ], [ -87.03369140625, 30.372875188118016 ], [ -88.17626953125, 30.221101852485987 ], [ -89.27490234375, 30.240086360983426 ], [ -89.31884765624999, 29.76437737516313 ], [ -89.47265625, 29.554345125748267 ], [ -88.9013671875, 29.267232865200878 ], [ -89.27490234375, 28.8831596093235 ], [ -89.69238281249999, 29.209713225868185 ], [ -90.2197265625, 29.075375179558346 ], [ -91.01074218749999, 29.0945770775118 ], [ -91.4501953125, 29.34387539941801 ], [ -92.46093749999999, 29.53522956294847 ], [ -93.44970703125, 29.726222319395504 ], [ -94.52636718749999, 29.477861195816843 ], [ -95.2294921875, 29.05616970274342 ], [ -96.064453125, 28.5941685062326 ], [ -96.767578125, 28.16887518006332 ], [ -97.27294921875, 27.68352808378776 ], [ -97.3388671875, 26.980828590472107 ], [ -97.18505859374999, 25.97779895546436 ] ] ] } }, { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -141.15234374999997, 69.7181066990676 ], [ -142.03125, 70.0205873017406 ], [ -142.734375, 70.25945200030641 ], [ -143.96484375, 70.25945200030641 ], [ -144.84375, 70.19999407534661 ], [ -147.041015625, 70.40734767606811 ], [ -148.359375, 70.46620742226558 ], [ -149.4140625, 70.69995129442536 ], [ -150.99609375, 70.67088107015755 ], [ -151.69921875, 70.81581215931348 ], [ -152.75390624999997, 71.04552881933586 ], [ -154.16015625, 71.04552881933586 ], [ -154.86328125, 71.24435551310671 ], [ -156.26953125, 71.46912418989677 ], [ -157.32421875, 71.44117085172385 ], [ -158.02734375, 71.13098770917023 ], [ -159.43359375, 70.9883492241249 ], [ -161.279296875, 70.61261423801925 ], [ -162.421875, 70.4367988185464 ], [ -163.30078125, 70.0205873017406 ], [ -163.828125, 69.59589006237648 ], [ -164.70703125, 69.2249968541159 ], [ -166.55273437499997, 69.19379976461907 ], [ -166.81640625, 68.5924865825295 ], [ -166.55273437499997, 67.97463396204759 ], [ -165.58593749999997, 67.57571741708057 ], [ -164.53125, 67.2720426739952 ], [ -163.65234374999997, 67.03316279015066 ], [ -162.861328125, 66.51326044311188 ], [ -163.564453125, 66.30220547599842 ], [ -163.740234375, 66.65297740055279 ], [ -165.41015625, 66.687783861162 ], [ -167.255859375, 66.16051056018838 ], [ -168.837890625, 65.69447579373418 ], [ -168.662109375, 65.25670649344259 ], [ -166.640625, 64.69910544204765 ], [ -166.904296875, 64.05297838071347 ], [ -169.27734375, 63.58767529470318 ], [ -170.068359375, 63.860035895395306 ], [ -171.03515625, 63.93737246791484 ], [ -171.826171875, 63.97596090918338 ], [ -172.001953125, 63.194018438087845 ], [ -169.716796875, 62.71446210149774 ], [ -168.134765625, 62.95522304515911 ], [ -166.81640625, 63.23362741232569 ], [ -166.201171875, 63.27318217465046 ], [ -165.76171875, 62.67414334669093 ], [ -166.46484375, 61.897577621605016 ], [ -166.640625, 61.18562468142283 ], [ -167.255859375, 60.71619779357716 ], [ -168.75, 60.84491057364915 ], [ -170.771484375, 60.84491057364915 ], [ -173.056640625, 61.01572481397616 ], [ -174.19921875, 60.673178565817715 ], [ -172.177734375, 58.53959476664049 ], [ -172.177734375, 56.31653672211301 ], [ -172.880859375, 54.7246201949245 ], [ -176.1328125, 54.00776876193478 ], [ -181.05468749999997, 53.80065082633023 ], [ -182.900390625, 53.33087298301704 ], [ -186.15234374999997, 53.9560855309879 ], [ -188.08593749999997, 53.54030739150022 ], [ -188.08593749999997, 52.214338608258224 ], [ -185.625, 51.23440735163459 ], [ -181.31835937499997, 50.792047064406844 ], [ -178.2421875, 50.51342652633956 ], [ -176.572265625, 50.792047064406844 ], [ -172.08984375, 50.90303283111257 ], [ -169.27734375, 51.83577752045248 ], [ -165.58593749999997, 52.53627304145948 ], [ -158.55468749999997, 54.316523240258284 ], [ -155.390625, 55.07836723201515 ], [ -151.69921875, 57.136239319177434 ], [ -150.29296875, 58.859223547066584 ], [ -147.65625, 59.712097173322924 ], [ -145.634765625, 59.84481485969105 ], [ -142.55859375, 59.265880628258095 ], [ -140.9765625, 59.265880628258095 ], [ -139.482421875, 58.90464570302001 ], [ -138.25195312499997, 58.44773280389084 ], [ -136.93359375, 57.657157596582984 ], [ -135.966796875, 56.70450561416937 ], [ -135, 55.52863052257191 ], [ -133.505859375, 54.7246201949245 ], [ -132.626953125, 54.316523240258284 ], [ -131.396484375, 54.316523240258284 ], [ -130.341796875, 54.826007999094955 ], [ -130.078125, 55.677584411089505 ], [ -130.341796875, 56.17002298293205 ], [ -131.396484375, 56.41390137600676 ], [ -131.8359375, 56.897003921272606 ], [ -132.1875, 57.231502991478905 ], [ -133.2421875, 58.17070248348609 ], [ -133.76953125, 58.63121664342478 ], [ -134.38476562499997, 58.99531118795094 ], [ -134.736328125, 59.40036514079251 ], [ -135.615234375, 59.88893689676585 ], [ -136.0546875, 59.57885104663186 ], [ -136.31835937499997, 59.355596110016315 ], [ -137.373046875, 59.0405546167585 ], [ -137.8125, 59.22093407615045 ], [ -138.427734375, 59.712097173322924 ], [ -139.04296875, 60.10867046303597 ], [ -139.39453125, 60.45721779774397 ], [ -139.833984375, 60.37042901631508 ], [ -140.44921875, 60.50052541051131 ], [ -141.15234374999997, 60.50052541051131 ], [ -141.15234374999997, 69.7181066990676 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538848cfe4b0318b93124a24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flynn, Marilyn E. meflynn@usgs.gov","contributorId":1039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Marilyn E.","email":"meflynn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70103153,"text":"fs20143042 - 2014 - Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T08:12:28","indexId":"fs20143042","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-16T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3042","title":"Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"Trace metals, such as arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium, in groundwater used for drinking have long been a concern because of the potential adverse effects on human health and the aesthetic or nuisance problems that some present. Moderate to high concentrations of the trace metal arsenic have been identified in drinking water from groundwater sources in southeastern New Hampshire, a rapidly growing region of the State (Montgomery and others, 2003). During the past decade (2000–10), southeastern New Hampshire, which is composed of Hillsborough, Rockingham, and Strafford Counties, has grown in population by nearly 48,700 (or 6.4 percent) to 819,100. These three counties contain 62 percent of the State’s population but encompass only about 22 percent of the land area (New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning, 2011). According to a 2005 water-use study (Hayes and Horn, 2009), about 39 percent of the population in these three counties in southeastern New Hampshire uses private wells as sources of drinking water, and these wells are not required by the State to be routinely tested for trace metals or other contaminants.
\nSome trace metals have associated human-health benchmarks or nonhealth guidelines that have been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate public water supplies. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L) for arsenic (As) and a MCL of 30 μg/L for uranium (U) because of associated health risks (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential for human health, but Mn at high doses may have adverse cognitive effects in children (Bouchard and others, 2011; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2012); therefore, the EPA has issued a lifetime health advisory (LHA) of 300 μg/L for Mn. Recommended secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for Fe (300 μg/L) and Mn (50 μg/L) were established primarily as nonhealth guidelines—based on aesthetic considerations, such as taste or the staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures—because these contaminants, at the SMCLs, are not considered to present risks to human health. Because lead (Pb) contamination of drinking water typically results from corrosion of plumbing materials belonging to water-system customers but still poses a risk to human health, the EPA established an action level (AL) of 15 μg/L for Pb instead of an MCL or SMCL (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The 15-μg/L AL for Pb has been adopted by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services for public water systems, and if exceeded, the public water system must inform their customers and undertake additional actions to control corrosion in the pipes of the distribution system (New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 2013).
\nUnlike the quality of drinking water provided by public water suppliers, the quality of drinking water obtained from private wells in New Hampshire is not regulated; consequently, private wells are sampled only when individual well owners voluntarily choose to sample them. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the EPA New England, conducted an assessment in 2012–13 to provide private well owners and State and Federal health officials with information on the distribution of trace-metal (As, Fe, Pb, Mn, and U) concentrations in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in the three counties of southeastern New Hampshire. This fact sheet analyzes data from water samples collected by a randomly selected group of private well owners from the three-county study area and describes the major findings for trace-metal concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, S., Belaval, M., and Ayotte, J., 2014, Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3042, Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143042.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052568","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143042.jpg"},{"id":288613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/pdf/fs2014-3042.pdf"},{"id":288614,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/appendix/fs2014-3042_appendixes_1-5.xlsx"},{"id":288267,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Hillsborough County;Rockingham County;Strafford County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.062374,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,42.696985 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7631e4b0abf75cf2bec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel","contributorId":21636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70150446,"text":"70150446 - 2014 - Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T10:40:36","indexId":"70150446","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The health of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) in the lower Columbia River (USA) was evaluated using morphometric and histopathological approaches, and its association with organic contaminants accumulated in liver was evaluated in males. Fish were sampled from three sites along a contaminant gradient In 2009, body length and mass, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and hematocrit were measured in males and females; liver and gonad tissue were collected from males for histological analyses; and organ composites were analyzed for contaminant content in males. In 2010, additional data were collected for males and females, including external fish condition assessment, histopathologies of spleen, kidney and gill and, for males, liver contaminant content. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that biological traits in males, but not females, differed among sites in 2009 and 2010. Discriminant function analysis indicated that site-related differences among male populations were relatively small in 2009, but in 2010, when more variables were analyzed, males differed among sites in regards to kidney, spleen, and liver histopathologies and gill parasites. Kidney tubular hyperplasia, liver and spleen macrophage aggregations, and gill parasites were generally more severe in the downstream sites compared to the reference location. The contaminant content of male livers was also generally higher downstream, and the legacy pesticide hexachlorobenzene and flame retardants BDE-47 and BDE-154 were the primary drivers for site discrimination. However, bivariate correlations between biological variables and liver contaminants retained in the discriminant models failed to reveal associations between the two variable sets. In conclusion, whereas certain non-reproductive biological traits and liver contaminant contents of male Largescale Sucker differed according to an upstream-downstream gradient in the lower Columbia River, results from this study did not reveal the specific environmental factors responsible for the differences in health status among fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","usgsCitation":"Torres, L., Nilsen, E.B., Grove, R.A., and Patino, R., 2014, Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 353-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042213","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b01n5jk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":302373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b7e4b0b6d21dd65958","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Torres Leticia, Nilsen Elena, Grove Robert, Patiño Reynaldo","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138504,"text":"70138504 - 2014 - Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T11:04:45","indexId":"70138504","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","docAbstract":"The current state of science and engineering related to analyzing wetlands overlooks the importance of transpiration and risks data misinterpretation. In response, we developed hydrologic and mass budgets for agricultural wetlands using electrical conductivity (EC) as a natural conservative tracer. We developed simple differential equations that quantify evaporation and transpiration rates using flowrates and tracer concentrations atwetland inflows and outflows. We used two ideal reactormodel solutions, a continuous flowstirred tank reactor (CFSTR) and a plug flow reactor (PFR), to bracket real non-ideal systems. From those models, estimated transpiration ranged from 55% (CFSTR) to 74% (PFR) of total evapotranspiration (ET) rates, consistent with published values using standard methods and direct measurements. The PFR model more appropriately represents these nonideal agricultural wetlands in which check ponds are in series. Using a fluxmodel, we also developed an equation delineating the root zone depth at which diffusive dominated fluxes transition to advective dominated fluxes. This relationship is similar to the Peclet number that identifies the dominance of advective or diffusive fluxes in surface and groundwater transport. Using diffusion coefficients for inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) we calculated that during high ET periods typical of summer, advective fluxes dominate root zone transport except in the top millimeters below the sediment–water interface. The transition depth has diel and seasonal trends, tracking those of ET. Neglecting this pathway has profound implications: misallocating loads along different hydrologic pathways; misinterpreting seasonal and diel water quality trends; confounding Fick's First Law calculations when determining diffusion fluxes using pore water concentration data; and misinterpreting biogeochemicalmechanisms affecting dissolved constituent cycling in the root zone. In addition,our understanding of internal root zone cycling of Hg and other dissolved constituents, benthic fluxes, and biological irrigation may be greatly affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026","collaboration":"RWQCB","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Fleck, J., Anderson, F.E., and Windham-Myers, L., 2014, Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 232-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030347","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296049"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b78e4b08de9379b33a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachand, S.","contributorId":138794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112276,"text":"70112276 - 2014 - Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-16T09:09:42","indexId":"70112276","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2234,"text":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"We present an overview of national water databases managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, including surface-water, groundwater, water-quality, and water-use data. These are readily accessible to users through web interfaces and data services. Multiple perspectives of data are provided, including search and retrieval of real-time data and historical data, on-demand current conditions and alert services, data compilations, spatial representations, analytical products, and availability of data across multiple agencies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universities Council on Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Carbondale, IL","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., and Fisher, G.T., 2014, Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, no. 153, p. 4-15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054364","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2014.03175.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdcfe4b0e83db6d08ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112263,"text":"70112263 - 2014 - Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T12:01:51","indexId":"70112263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","docAbstract":"Native freshwater mussels can influence the aquatic N cycle, but the mechanisms and magnitude of this effect are not fully understood. We assessed the effects of Amblema plicata and Lampsilis cardium on N transformations over 72 d in 4 continuous-flow mesocosms, with 2 replicates of 2 treatments (mesocosms with and without mussels), equipped with electronic water-chemistry sensors. We compared sensor data to discrete sample data to assess the effect of additional sensor measurements on the ability to detect mussel-related effects on NO3– formation. Analysis of 624 sensor-based data points detected a nearly 6% increase in NO3– concentration in overlying water of mesocosms with mussels relative to mesocosms without mussels (p < 0.05), whereas analysis of 36 discrete samples showed no statistical difference in NO3– between treatments. Mussels also significantly increased NO2– concentrations in the overlying water, but no significant difference in total N was observed. We used the sensor data for phytoplankton-N and NH4+ to infer that digestion times in mussels were 13 ± 6 h. The results suggest that rapid increases in phytoplankton-N levels in the overlying water can lead to decreased lag times between phytoplankton-N and NH4+ maxima. This result indicates that mussels may adjust their digestion rates in response to increased levels of food. The adjustment in digestion time suggests that mussels have a strong response to food availability that can disrupt typical circadian rhythms. Use of sensor data to measure directly and to infer mussel effects on aquatic N transformations at the mesocosm scale could be useful at larger scales in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/675448","usgsCitation":"Bril, J., Durst, J.J., Hurley, B.M., Just, C., and Newton, T., 2014, Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 2, p. 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1086/675448.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039042","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288454,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675448"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdd0e4b0e83db6d08ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bril, Jeremy S.","contributorId":103583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bril","given":"Jeremy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durst, Jonathan J.","contributorId":69891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, Brion M.","contributorId":29310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Brion","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Just, Craig L.","contributorId":105646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Just","given":"Craig L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70103560,"text":"ofr20141092 - 2014 - Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T13:42:30","indexId":"ofr20141092","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1092","title":"Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012","docAbstract":"A full scale field seepage test was conducted on a north-south trending levee segment of a now bypassed old meander belt on Twitchell Island, California, to understand the effects of live and decaying root systems on levee seepage and slope stability. The field test in May 2012 was centered on a north-south trench with two segments: a shorter control segment and a longer seepage test segment. The complete length of the trench area measured 40.4 meters (m) near the levee centerline with mature trees located on the waterside and landside of the levee flanks. The levee was instrumented with piezometers and tensiometers to measure positive and negative porewater pressures across the levee after the trench was flooded with water and held at a constant hydraulic head during the seepage test—the results from this component of the experiment are not discussed in this report. We collected more than one billion three-dimensional light detection and ranging (lidar) data points before, during, and after the centerline seepage test to assess centimeter-scale stability of the two trees and the levee crown. During the seepage test, the waterside tree toppled (rotated 20.7 degrees) into the water. The landside tree rotated away from the levee by 5 centimeters (cm) at a height of 2 m on the tree. The paved surface of the levee crown had three regions that showed subsidence on the waterside of the trench—discussed as the northern, central, and southern features. The northern feature is an elongate region that subsided 2.1 cm over an area with an average width of 1.35 m that extends 15.8 m parallel to the trench from the northern end of the trench to just north of the trench midpoint, and is associated with a crack 1 cm in height that formed during the seepage test on the trench wall. The central subsidence feature is a semicircular region on the waterside of the trench that subsided by as much as 6.2 cm over an area 3.4 m wide and 11.2 m long. The southern feature is an elongate region that has a maximum subsidence of 3.5 cm over an area 0.75 m wide and 8.1 m long and is associated with a number of small fractures in the pavement that are predominately north-south-trending and parallel to the trench. We determined that there was no significant motion of the levee flank during the last week of the seepage test. We also determined biomorphic parameters for the landside tree, such as the 3D positioning on the levee, tree height, levee parallel/perpendicular cross sectional area, and canopy centroid. These biomorphic parameters were requested to support a University of California Berkeley team studying seepage and stability on the levee. A gridded, 2-cm bare-earth digital elevation model of the levee crown and the landside levee flank from the final terrestrial lidar (T-Lidar) survey provided detailed topographic data for future assessment. Because the T-Lidar was not integrated into the project design, other than an initial courtesy dataset to help characterize the levee surface, our ability to contribute to the overall science goals of the seepage test was limited. Therefore, our analysis focused on developing data collection and processing methodology necessary to align ultra high-resolution T-Lidar data (with an average spot spacing 2–3 millimeters on the levee crown) from several instrument setup locations to detect, measure, and characterize dynamic centimeter-scale deformation and surface changes during the seepage test.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141092","usgsCitation":"Bawden, G.W., Howle, J., Bond, S., Shriro, M., and Buck, P., 2014, Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1092, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141092.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055970","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1092/"},{"id":288350,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1092/pdf/ofr2014-1092.pdf"},{"id":288351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141092.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.712294,38.06992 ], [ -121.712294,38.184903 ], [ -121.534668,38.184903 ], [ -121.534668,38.06992 ], [ -121.712294,38.06992 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c51e4b0a59b26496947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howle, James 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":88271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Sandra 0000-0003-0522-5287 sbond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-5287","contributorId":3328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Sandra","email":"sbond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriro, Michelle","contributorId":43677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriro","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buck, Peter","contributorId":13547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112149,"text":"70112149 - 2014 - Validating a method for transferring social values of ecosystem services between public lands in the Rocky Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T12:05:21","indexId":"70112149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating a method for transferring social values of ecosystem services between public lands in the Rocky Mountain region","docAbstract":"With growing pressures on ecosystem services, social values attributed to them are increasingly important to land management decisions. Social values, defined here as perceived values the public ascribes to ecosystem services, particularly cultural services, are generally not accounted for through economic markets or considered alongside economic and ecological values in ecosystem service assessments. Social-values data can be elicited through public value and preference surveys; however, limitations prevent them from being regularly collected. These limitations led to our three study objectives: (1) demonstrate an approach for applying benefit transfer, a nonmarket-valuation method, to spatially explicit social values; (2) validate the approach; and (3) identify potential improvements. We applied Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) to survey data for three national forests in Colorado and Wyoming. Social-value maps and models were generated, describing relationships between the maps and various combinations of environmental variables. Models from each forest were used to estimate social-value maps for the other forests via benefit transfer. Model performance was evaluated relative to the locally derived models. Performance varied with the number and type of environmental variables used, as well as differences in the forests' physical and social contexts. Enhanced metadata and better social-context matching could improve model transferability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.008","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Semmens, D.J., 2014, Validating a method for transferring social values of ecosystem services between public lands in the Rocky Mountain region: Ecosystem Services, v. 8, p. 166-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-039049","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288322,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bridger-teton Nation Forest;Pike And San Isabel National Forests;Rocky Mountains;Shoshone National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.05,37.12 ], [ -111.05,45.0 ], [ -104.75,45.0 ], [ -104.75,37.12 ], [ -111.05,37.12 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c51e4b0a59b2649694b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102894,"text":"sim3293 - 2014 - Flood inundation maps for the Wabash and Eel Rivers at Logansport, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T10:59:23","indexId":"sim3293","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3293","title":"Flood inundation maps for the Wabash and Eel Rivers at Logansport, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 8.3-mile reach of the Wabash River and a 7.6-mile reach of the Eel River at Logansport, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage Wabash River at Logansport, Ind. (sta. no. 03329000) and USGS streamgage Eel River near Logansport, Ind. (sta. no. 03328500). Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
\nFor this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reaches by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgages 03329000, Wabash River at Logansport, Ind., and 03328500, Eel River near Logansport, Ind. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine five water-surface profiles for flood stage at 1-foot intervals referenced to the Wabash River streamgage datum, and four water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the Eel River streamgage datum. The stages range from bankfull to approximately the highest stages that have occurred since 1967 when three flood control dams were built upstream of Logansport, Ind. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging [lidar] data having a 0.37-foot vertical accuracy and 3.9-foot horizontal resolution) in order to delineate the area flooded at each stage.
\nThe availability of these maps, along with information available on the Internet regarding current stages from the USGS streamgages at Logansport, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3293","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2014, Flood inundation maps for the Wabash and Eel Rivers at Logansport, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3293, Pamphlet: v, 12 p.; Map Sheet Low Resolution: 9 JPGs; Map Sheet High Resolution: 9 PDFs, 22.00 x 17.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3293.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 12 p.; Map Sheet Low Resolution: 9 JPGs; Map Sheet High Resolution: 9 PDFs, 22.00 x 17.00 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-041227","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3293.jpg"},{"id":288303,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/"},{"id":288310,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet02_eel_631_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288311,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet03_wab_584_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288307,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/images/sim3293_mapsheets/"},{"id":288308,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/"},{"id":288309,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet01_wab_583_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288312,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet04_eel_632_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288313,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet05_wab_585_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288314,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet06_wab_586_sim3292.pdf"},{"id":288315,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet07_eel_633_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288316,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet08_wab_587_sim3292.pdf"},{"id":288317,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet09_eel_634_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288318,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/downloads"},{"id":288305,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Logansport","otherGeospatial":"Eel River;Wabash River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.416667,40.733333 ], [ -86.416667,40.8 ], [ -86.266667,40.8 ], [ -86.266667,40.733333 ], [ -86.416667,40.733333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c4ee4b0a59b26496933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70158681,"text":"70158681 - 2014 - Multiseason occupancy models for correlated replicate surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-05T13:19:20","indexId":"70158681","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiseason occupancy models for correlated replicate surveys","docAbstract":"Occupancy surveys collecting data from adjacent (sometimes correlated) spatial replicates have become relatively popular for logistical reasons. Hines et al. (2010) presented one approach to modelling such data for single-season occupancy surveys. Here, we present a multiseason analogue of this model (with corresponding software) for inferences about occupancy dynamics. We include a new parameter to deal with the uncertainty associated with the first spatial replicate for both single-season and multiseason models. We use a case study, based on the brown-headed nuthatch, to assess the need for these models when analysing data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), and we test various hypotheses about occupancy dynamics for this species in the south-eastern United States.
\nThe new model permits inference about local probabilities of extinction, colonization and occupancy for sampling conducted over multiple seasons. The model performs adequately, based on a small simulation study and on results of the case study analysis.
\nThe new model incorporating correlated replicates was strongly favoured by model selection for the BBS data for brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). Latitude was found to be an important source of variation in local colonization and occupancy probabilities for brown-headed nuthatch, with both probabilities being higher near the centre of the species range, as opposed to more northern and southern areas.
\nWe recommend this new occupancy model for detection–nondetection studies that use potentially correlated replicates.
\nIn 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, drilled and constructed boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141 for stratigraphic framework analyses and long-term groundwater monitoring of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer at the Idaho National Laboratory in southeast Idaho. Borehole USGS 140 initially was cored to collect continuous geologic data, and then re-drilled to complete construction as a monitor well. Borehole USGS 141 was drilled and constructed as a monitor well without coring. Boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141 are separated by about 375 feet (ft) and have similar geologic layers and hydrologic characteristics based on geophysical and aquifer test data collected. The final construction for boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141 required 6-inch (in.) diameter carbon-steel well casing and 5-in. diameter stainless-steel well screen; the screened monitoring interval was completed about 50 ft into the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, between 496 and 546 ft below land surface (BLS) at both sites. Following construction and data collection, dedicated pumps and water-level access lines were placed to allow for aquifer testing, for collecting periodic water samples, and for measuring water levels.
\nBorehole USGS 140 was cored continuously, starting from land surface to a depth of 543 ft BLS. Excluding surface sediment, recovery of basalt and sediment core at borehole USGS 140 was about 98 and 65 percent, respectively. Based on visual inspection of core and geophysical data, about 32 basalt flows and 4 sediment layers were collected from borehole USGS 140 between 34 and 543 ft BLS. Basalt texture for borehole USGS 140 generally was described as aphanitic, phaneritic, and porphyritic; rubble zones and flow mold structure also were described in recovered core material. Sediment layers, starting near 163 ft BLS, generally were composed of fine-grained sand and silt with a lesser amount of clay; however, between 223 and 228 ft BLS, silt with gravel was described. Basalt flows generally ranged in thickness from 3 to 76 ft (average of 14 ft) and varied from highly fractured to dense with high to low vesiculation.
\nGeophysical and borehole video logs were collected during certain stages of the drilling and construction process at boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141. Geophysical logs were examined synergistically with the core material for borehole USGS 140; additionally, geophysical data were examined to confirm geologic and hydrologic similarities between boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141 because core was not collected for borehole USGS 141. Geophysical data suggest the occurrence of fractured and (or) vesiculated basalt, dense basalt, and sediment layering in both the saturated and unsaturated zones in borehole USGS 141. Omni-directional density measurements were used to assess the completeness of the grout annular seal behind 6-in. diameter well casing. Furthermore, gyroscopic deviation measurements were used to measure horizontal and vertical displacement at all depths in boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141.
\nSingle-well aquifer tests were done following construction at wells USGS 140 and USGS 141 and data examined after the tests were used to provide estimates of specific-capacity, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity. The specific capacity, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity for well USGS 140 were estimated at 2,370 gallons per minute per foot [(gal/min)/ft)], 4.06 × 105 feet squared per day (ft2/d), and 740 feet per day (ft/d), respectively. The specific capacity, transmissivity, and hydraulic conductivity for well USGS 141 were estimated at 470 (gal/min)/ft, 5.95 × 104 ft2/d, and 110 ft/d, respectively. Measured flow rates remained relatively constant in well USGS 140 with averages of 23.9 and 23.7 gal/min during the first and second aquifer tests, respectively, and in well USGS 141 with an average of 23.4 gal/min.
\nWater samples were analyzed for cations, anions, metals, nutrients, volatile organic compounds, stable isotopes, and radionuclides. Water samples from both wells indicated that concentrations of tritium, sulfate, and chromium were affected by wastewater disposal practices at the Advanced Test Reactor Complex. Most constituents in water from wells USGS 140 and USGS 141 had concentrations similar to concentrations in well USGS 136, which is upgradient from wells USGS 140 and USGS 141.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145098","collaboration":"DOE/ID-22229. Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Twining, B.V., Bartholomay, R.C., and Hodges, M., 2014, Completion summary for boreholes USGS 140 and USGS 141 near the Advanced Test Reactor Complex, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5098, Report: vii, 39 p.; Appendixes A-C, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145098.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 39 p.; Appendixes A-C","numberOfPages":"52","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051163","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145098.jpg"},{"id":288216,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5098/pdf/sir20145098.pdf"},{"id":288217,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5098/pdf/sir20145098_AppendixA.pdf"},{"id":288218,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5098/pdf/sir20145098_AppendixB.pdf"},{"id":288219,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5098/pdf/sir20145098_AppendixC.pdf"},{"id":288215,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5098/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 12","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.4019,43.2995 ], [ -113.4019,44.0971 ], [ -112.347,44.0971 ], [ -112.347,43.2995 ], [ -113.4019,43.2995 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad0e4b09e5ae91f9d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twining, Brian V. 0000-0003-1321-4721 btwining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-4721","contributorId":2387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twining","given":"Brian","email":"btwining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartholomay, Roy C. 0000-0002-4809-9287 rcbarth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9287","contributorId":1131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomay","given":"Roy","email":"rcbarth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hodges, Mary K.V.","contributorId":66848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodges","given":"Mary K.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111960,"text":"70111960 - 2014 - Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-10T10:43:53","indexId":"70111960","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T10:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2677,"text":"Marine Structures","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making","docAbstract":"Research in structural monitoring has focused primarily on drawing inference about the health of a structure from the structure’s response to ambient or applied excitation. Knowledge of the current state can then be used to predict structural integrity at a future time and, in principle, allows one to take action to improve safety, minimize ownership costs, and/or increase the operating envelope. While much time and effort has been devoted toward data collection and system identification, research to-date has largely avoided the question of how to choose an optimal maintenance plan. This work describes a structured decision making (SDM) process for taking available information (loading data, model output, etc.) and producing a plan of action for maintaining the structure. SDM allows the practitioner to specify his/her objectives and then solves for the decision that is optimal in the sense that it maximizes those objectives. To demonstrate, we consider the problem of a Naval vessel transiting a fixed distance in varying sea-state conditions. The physics of this problem are such that minimizing transit time increases the probability of fatigue failure in the structural supports. It is shown how SDM produces the optimal trip plan in the sense that it minimizes both transit time and probability of failure in the manner of our choosing (i.e., through a user-defined cost function). The example illustrates the benefit of SDM over heuristic approaches to maintaining the vessel.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Structures","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Fackler, P., Pacifici, K., Murphy, K., and Nichols, J., 2014, Reducing fatigue damage for ships in transit through structured decision making: Marine Structures, v. 38, p. 18-43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"18","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"26","ipdsId":"IP-054791","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288207,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2014.04.002"}],"volume":"38","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad5e4b09e5ae91f9db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fackler, P.L.","contributorId":30859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fackler","given":"P.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pacifici, K.","contributorId":71667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pacifici","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, K.D.","contributorId":50004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70111909,"text":"70111909 - 2014 - Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States: a view from the outcrop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-10T10:01:04","indexId":"70111909","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T09:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States: a view from the outcrop","docAbstract":"Paleo-lakes in the western United States provide geomorphic and hydrologic records of climate and drainage-basin change at multiple time scales extending back to the Miocene. Recent reviews and studies of paleo-lake records have focused on interpretations of proxies in lake sediment cores from the northern and central parts of the Great Basin. In this review, emphasis is placed on equally important studies of lake history during the past ∼30 years that were derived from outcrop exposures and geomorphology, in some cases combined with cores. Outcrop and core records have different strengths and weaknesses that must be recognized and exploited in the interpretation of paleohydrology and paleoclimate. Outcrops and landforms can yield direct evidence of lake level, facies changes that record details of lake-level fluctuations, and geologic events such as catastrophic floods, drainage-basin changes, and isostatic rebound. Cores can potentially yield continuous records when sampled in stable parts of lake basins and can provide proxies for changes in lake level, water temperature and chemistry, and ecological conditions in the surrounding landscape. However, proxies such as stable isotopes may be influenced by several competing factors the relative effects of which may be difficult to assess, and interpretations may be confounded by geologic events within the drainage basin that were unrecorded or not recognized in a core. The best evidence for documenting absolute lake-level changes lies within the shore, nearshore, and deltaic sediments that were deposited across piedmonts and at the mouths of streams as lake level rose and fell. We review the different shorezone environments and resulting deposits used in such reconstructions and discuss potential estimation errors.
\nLake-level studies based on deposits and landforms have provided paleohydrologic records ranging from general changes during the past million years to centennial-scale details of fluctuations during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Outcrop studies have documented the integration histories of several important drainage basins, including the Humboldt, Amargosa, Owens, and Mojave river systems, that have evolved since the Miocene within the active tectonic setting of the Great Basin; these histories have influenced lake levels in terminal basins. Many pre-late Pleistocene lakes in the western Great Basin were significantly larger and record wetter conditions than the youngest lakes. Outcrop-based lake-level data provide important checks on core-based proxy interpretations; we discuss four such comparisons. In some cases, such as for Lakes Owens and Manix, outcrop and core data synthesis yields stronger and more complete records; in other cases, such as for Bonneville and Lahontan, conflicts point toward reconsideration of confounding factors in interpretation of core-based proxies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012","usgsCitation":"Reheis, M., Adams, K., Oviatt, C., and Bacon, S.N., 2014, Pluvial lakes in the Great Basin of the western United States: a view from the outcrop: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 97, p. 33-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-044438","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288205,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.04.012"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.38,32.36 ], [ -121.38,44.81 ], [ -110.35,44.81 ], [ -110.35,32.36 ], [ -121.38,32.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"97","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad5e4b09e5ae91f9db2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reheis, Marith C. 0000-0002-8359-323X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8359-323X","contributorId":101244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reheis","given":"Marith C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Kenneth D.","contributorId":75586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Kenneth D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":13503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bacon, Steven N.","contributorId":93391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111837,"text":"70111837 - 2014 - Methodological developments in US state-level Genuine Progress Indicators: toward GPI 2.0","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-10T08:46:22","indexId":"70111837","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methodological developments in US state-level Genuine Progress Indicators: toward GPI 2.0","docAbstract":"The Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) has emerged as an important monetary measure of economic well-being. Unlike mainstream economic indicators, primarily Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the GPI accounts for both the benefits and costs of economic production across diverse economic, social, and environmental domains in a more comprehensive manner. Recently, the GPI has gained traction in subnational policy in the United States, with GPI studies being conducted in a number of states and with their formal adoption by several state governments. As the GPI is applied in different locations, new methods are developed, different data sources are available, and new issues of policy relevance are addressed using its component indicators. This has led to a divergence in methods, reducing comparability between studies and yielding results that are of varying methodological sophistication. In this study, we review the “state of the art” in recent US state-level GPI studies, focusing on those from Hawaii, Maryland, Ohio, Utah, and Vermont. Through adoption of a consistent approach, these and future GPI studies could utilize a framework that supports more uniform, comparable, and accurate measurements of progress. We also identify longer-term issues, particularly related to treatment of nonrenewable resource depletion, government spending, income inequality, and ecosystem services. As these issues are successfully addressed and disseminated, a “GPI 2.0” will emerge that better measures economic well-being and has greater accuracy and policy relevance than past GPI measurements. As the GPI expands further into mainstream policy analysis, a more formal process by which methods could be updated, standardized, and applied is needed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.005","usgsCitation":"Bagstad, K.J., Berik, G., and Gaddis, E.J., 2014, Methodological developments in US state-level Genuine Progress Indicators: toward GPI 2.0: Ecological Indicators, v. 45, p. 474-485, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.005.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"474","endPage":"485","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-053091","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288202,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.005"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i;Maryl;Ohio;Utah;Vermont","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"45","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad3e4b09e5ae91f9da6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berik, Gunseli","contributorId":32829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berik","given":"Gunseli","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gaddis, Erica J. Brown","contributorId":41345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Erica","email":"","middleInitial":"J. Brown","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107013,"text":"ofr20141089 - 2014 - Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-19T18:23:48","indexId":"ofr20141089","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1089","title":"Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010","docAbstract":"Increased demands for cleaner burning energy, coupled with the relatively recent technological advances in accessing unconventional hydrocarbon-rich geologic formations, have led to an intense effort to find and extract natural gas from various underground sources around the country. One of these sources, the Marcellus Shale, located in the Allegheny Plateau, is currently undergoing extensive drilling and production. The technology used to extract gas in the Marcellus Shale is known as hydraulic fracturing and has garnered much attention because of its use of large amounts of fresh water, its use of proprietary fluids for the hydraulic-fracturing process, its potential to release contaminants into the environment, and its potential effect on water resources. Nonetheless, development of natural gas extraction wells in the Marcellus Shale is only part of the overall natural gas story in this area of Pennsylvania. Conventional natural gas wells, which sometimes use the same technique, are commonly located in the same general area as the Marcellus Shale and are frequently developed in clusters across the landscape. The combined effects of these two natural gas extraction methods create potentially serious patterns of disturbance on the landscape. This document quantifies the landscape changes and consequences of natural gas extraction for Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne Counties in Pennsylvania between 2004 and 2010. Patterns of landscape disturbance related to natural gas extraction activities were collected and digitized using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery for 2004, 2005/2006, 2008, and 2010. The disturbance patterns were then used to measure changes in land cover and land use using the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) of 2001. A series of landscape metrics is also used to quantify these changes and is included in this publication. In this region, natural gas development disturbed approximately 943 hectares of land in which forest sustained three times the amount of disturbance as agricultural land. One-quarter of that total disturbance was from Marcellus natural gas development.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141089","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, E., Milheim, L., Roig-Silva, C., and Winters, S., 2014, Landscape consequences of natural gas extraction in Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Columbia, Huntingdon, and Luzerne counties, Pennsylvania, 2004-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1089, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141089.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"55","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052469","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141089.jpg"},{"id":288200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1089/pdf/of2014-1089.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.30 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":288199,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1089/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Bedford County, Blair County, Cambria County, Centre County, Clearfield County, Clinton County, Columbia County, Huntingdon County, Luzerne County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-79.916171,39.720893],[-80.075947,39.72135],[-80.421388,39.721189],[-80.519342,39.721403],[-80.519423,39.806181],[-80.518891,39.890964],[-80.519248,39.936967],[-80.51896,40.078089],[-80.519039,40.342101],[-80.517991,40.367968],[-80.51769,40.462467],[-80.51899,40.473667],[-80.519002,40.877543],[-80.519891,40.906661],[-80.519091,40.921061],[-80.518928,41.070954],[-80.519144,41.171203],[-80.518693,41.248855],[-80.518993,41.268155],[-80.518794,41.305509],[-80.519129,41.312408],[-80.519345,41.340145],[-80.518993,41.435454],[-80.519339,41.539297],[-80.519425,41.977522],[-80.435451,42.005611],[-80.409776,42.011578],[-80.373066,42.024102],[-80.371869,42.023966],[-80.363251,42.027973],[-80.349169,42.030243],[-80.329976,42.036168],[-80.296758,42.049076],[-80.230486,42.077957],[-80.188085,42.094257],[-80.165884,42.105857],[-80.154084,42.114757],[-80.136213,42.149937],[-80.13043,42.156331],[-80.117368,42.166341],[-80.088512,42.173184],[-80.077388,42.171262],[-80.073381,42.168658],[-80.080028,42.163625],[-80.071981,42.155357],[-80.078781,42.151457],[-80.076281,42.147857],[-80.07198,42.146057],[-80.06108,42.144857],[-79.989186,42.177051],[-79.931324,42.206737],[-79.923924,42.207546],[-79.90105,42.216701],[-79.886187,42.224933],[-79.867979,42.230999],[-79.844661,42.235486],[-79.798447,42.255939],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.762152,42.243054],[-79.761759,42.162675],[-79.762122,42.131246],[-79.761709,42.11899],[-79.761798,42.019042],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.670128,41.999335],[-79.472472,41.998255],[-79.249772,41.998807],[-79.17857,41.999458],[-79.061265,41.999259],[-78.983065,41.998949],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-78.749754,41.998109],[-78.59665,41.999877],[-78.308128,41.999415],[-78.271204,41.998968],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.031177,41.999415],[-77.997508,41.998758],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-77.505308,42.00007],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.063676,42.000461],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-76.749675,42.001689],[-76.558118,42.000155],[-76.462155,41.998934],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.131201,41.998954],[-75.98025,41.999035],[-75.870677,41.998828],[-75.742217,41.997864],[-75.610316,41.99896],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-75.353504,41.99711],[-75.346568,41.995324],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.337791,41.984386],[-75.34246,41.974303],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.339488,41.970786],[-75.335771,41.970315],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.322384,41.961693],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.310358,41.949012],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.301664,41.94838],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.301593,41.952811],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.29858,41.954521],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.29143,41.952477],[-75.291762,41.947092],[-75.290966,41.945039],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.277243,41.933598],[-75.276501,41.926679],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.275368,41.919564],[-75.269736,41.911363],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.272581,41.893168],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.267789,41.885982],[-75.263005,41.885109],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.258439,41.875087],[-75.261488,41.873277],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.263673,41.868105],[-75.262802,41.866213],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.257825,41.862154],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.248045,41.8633],[-75.243345,41.866875],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.238743,41.865699],[-75.234565,41.861569],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.22572,41.857481],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.220125,41.860534],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.209741,41.86925],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.197836,41.868807],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.191441,41.865063],[-75.190203,41.862454],[-75.188888,41.861264],[-75.186993,41.860109],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.183937,41.860515],[-75.182271,41.862198],[-75.180497,41.86568],[-75.179134,41.869935],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.174574,41.87266],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.169142,41.87029],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.166217,41.853862],[-75.164168,41.851586],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.156512,41.848327],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.143824,41.851737],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.127913,41.844903],[-75.118789,41.845819],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.114399,41.843583],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.113441,41.836298],[-75.114998,41.8303],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.114837,41.82567],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.093537,41.813375],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.085789,41.811626],[-75.079818,41.814815],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.074409,41.815088],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.071751,41.811901],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.074412,41.802191],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.07827,41.797467],[-75.081415,41.796483],[-75.088328,41.797534],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.102329,41.786503],[-75.103548,41.782008],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.104334,41.772693],[-75.103492,41.771238],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.09281,41.768361],[-75.079478,41.771205],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.074231,41.770518],[-75.072664,41.768807],[-75.068567,41.767298],[-75.064901,41.766686],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.052808,41.744725],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053527,41.72715],[-75.049699,41.715093],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.050689,41.711969],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.061174,41.712935],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.068642,41.710146],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.067278,41.705434],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.056745,41.695703],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.051234,41.682439],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052653,41.678436],[-75.058765,41.674412],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.05843,41.669653],[-75.057251,41.668933],[-75.053991,41.668194],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.048683,41.656317],[-75.049281,41.641862],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.048199,41.632011],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.045508,41.616203],[-75.047298,41.615791],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.051856,41.618157],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.06156,41.616429],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.059956,41.612306],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.062716,41.609639],[-75.067795,41.610143],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.074626,41.607905],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.066955,41.599428],[-75.063677,41.594739],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.052858,41.587772],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.043879,41.575094],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.036989,41.567049],[-75.033162,41.565092],[-75.029211,41.564637],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.016328,41.546501],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.017626,41.542734],[-75.022828,41.541456],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.024757,41.535099],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.023018,41.533147],[-75.016616,41.53211],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.009552,41.528461],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.001297,41.52065],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.000935,41.517638],[-75.002592,41.51456],[-75.003706,41.511118],[-75.003694,41.509295],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-74.999612,41.5074],[-74.993893,41.508754],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-74.985653,41.507926],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.982385,41.500981],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.982463,41.496467],[-74.985247,41.489113],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.985004,41.483703],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.981652,41.479945],[-74.969887,41.477438],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.956411,41.476735],[-74.94808,41.480625],[-74.945634,41.483213],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.926835,41.478327],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.917282,41.477041],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.908133,41.468117],[-74.908103,41.464639],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.9042,41.459806],[-74.895069,41.45819],[-74.892114,41.456959],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.889116,41.452534],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.894931,41.446099],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.896025,41.439987],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.876721,41.440338],[-74.864688,41.443993],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.8542,41.443166],[-74.848602,41.440179],[-74.845572,41.437577],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.834635,41.430796],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.828592,41.430698],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.82288,41.436792],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.812123,41.442982],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.805655,41.442101],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.80037,41.43606],[-74.800095,41.432661],[-74.799546,41.43129],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.793856,41.422671],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.784339,41.422397],[-74.778029,41.425104],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.77065,41.42623],[-74.763701,41.423612],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.754359,41.425147],[-74.75068,41.427984],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.740932,41.43116],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.736688,41.429228],[-74.735519,41.427465],[-74.734893,41.425818],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738684,41.413463],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.741717,41.40788],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.738554,41.401191],[-74.736103,41.398398],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.730384,41.39566],[-74.720891,41.39469],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.713411,41.389814],[-74.710391,41.382102],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.703282,41.375093],[-74.694968,41.370431],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.689516,41.363843],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691076,41.36034],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.428038,39.809212],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.463341,39.823812],[-75.481242,39.829112],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.518444,39.836311],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.570464,39.839007],[-75.579849,39.838526],[-75.593666,39.837455],[-75.617251,39.833999],[-75.634706,39.830164],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.662822,39.82115],[-75.685991,39.811054],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.716969,39.791998],[-75.727049,39.784126],[-75.736489,39.775759],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.753066,39.757631],[-75.760346,39.747231],[-75.766058,39.737811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.998649,39.721576],[-76.013067,39.72192],[-76.233259,39.721305],[-76.715594,39.721103],[-76.8901,39.720401],[-76.936601,39.720701],[-76.990903,39.7198],[-77.058204,39.7202],[-77.534758,39.720134],[-77.724115,39.720894],[-77.874719,39.722219],[-78.330715,39.722689],[-78.337111,39.722461],[-78.438839,39.722481],[-78.461422,39.722869],[-78.537702,39.72249],[-78.546415,39.722869],[-78.575893,39.722561],[-78.723529,39.723043],[-79.045548,39.722883],[-79.548465,39.720778],[-79.610623,39.721245],[-79.763774,39.720776],[-79.916171,39.720893]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Pennsylvania\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad3e4b09e5ae91f9da2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, E.T.","contributorId":41132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milheim, L.E.","contributorId":106320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milheim","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roig-Silva, C.M.","contributorId":45176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roig-Silva","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Winters, S.G.","contributorId":99898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winters","given":"S.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102224,"text":"70102224 - 2014 - Use of genetic data to infer population-specific ecological and phenotypic traits from mixed aggregations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-21T13:19:15","indexId":"70102224","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-09T13:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of genetic data to infer population-specific ecological and phenotypic traits from mixed aggregations","docAbstract":"Many applications in ecological genetics involve sampling individuals from a mixture of multiple biological populations and subsequently associating those individuals with the populations from which they arose. Analytical methods that assign individuals to their putative population of origin have utility in both basic and applied research, providing information about population-specific life history and habitat use, ecotoxins, pathogen and parasite loads, and many other non-genetic ecological, or phenotypic traits. Although the question is initially directed at the origin of individuals, in most cases the ultimate desire is to investigate the distribution of some trait among populations. Current practice is to assign individuals to a population of origin and study properties of the trait among individuals within population strata as if they constituted independent samples. It seemed that approach might bias population-specific trait inference. In this study we made trait inferences directly through modeling, bypassing individual assignment. We extended a Bayesian model for population mixture analysis to incorporate parameters for the phenotypic trait and compared its performance to that of individual assignment with a minimum probability threshold for assignment. The Bayesian mixture model outperformed individual assignment under some trait inference conditions. However, by discarding individuals whose origins are most uncertain, the individual assignment method provided a less complex analytical technique whose performance may be adequate for some common trait inference problems. Our results provide specific guidance for method selection under various genetic relationships among populations with different trait distributions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0098470","usgsCitation":"Moran, P., Bromaghin, J.F., and Masuda, M., 2014, Use of genetic data to infer population-specific ecological and phenotypic traits from mixed aggregations: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 6, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098470.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050953","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098470","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288178,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098470"}],"volume":"9","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396c953e4b0f7580bc0a8c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moran, Paul","contributorId":42140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bromaghin, Jeffrey F. 0000-0002-7209-9500 jbromaghin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7209-9500","contributorId":139899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bromaghin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbromaghin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Masuda, Michele","contributorId":24280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masuda","given":"Michele","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70107925,"text":"fs20143043 - 2014 - Water resources of Acadia Parish, Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-09T11:41:11","indexId":"fs20143043","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-09T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3043","title":"Water resources of Acadia Parish, Louisiana","docAbstract":"Information concerning the availability, use, and quality of water in Acadia Parish, Louisiana, is critical for proper water-supply management. The purpose of this fact sheet is to present information that can be used by water managers, parish residents, and others for stewardship of this vital resource. Information on the availability, past and current use, use trends, and water quality from groundwater and surface-water sources in the parish is presented. Previously published reports and data stored in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis) are the primary sources of the information presented here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143043","issn":"2327-6932","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development","usgsCitation":"Prakken, L., and White, V.E., 2014, Water resources of Acadia Parish, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3043, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143043.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055417","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143043.jpg"},{"id":288173,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3043/"},{"id":288174,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3043/pdf/fs2014-3043.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Acadia Parish","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.666667,30.0 ], [ -92.666667,30.5 ], [ -92.166667,30.5 ], [ -92.166667,30.0 ], [ -92.666667,30.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396c954e4b0f7580bc0a8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prakken, Larry B.","contributorId":86673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prakken","given":"Larry B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Vincent E. 0000-0002-1660-0102 vwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1660-0102","contributorId":5388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Vincent","email":"vwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111747,"text":"70111747 - 2014 - Hawaiian forest bird trends: using log-linear models to assess long-term trends is supported by model diagnostics and assumptions (reply to Freed and Cann 2013)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-09T10:37:25","indexId":"70111747","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-09T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hawaiian forest bird trends: using log-linear models to assess long-term trends is supported by model diagnostics and assumptions (reply to Freed and Cann 2013)","docAbstract":"Freed and Cann (2013) criticized our use of linear models to assess trends in the status of Hawaiian forest birds through time (Camp et al. 2009a, 2009b, 2010) by questioning our sampling scheme, whether we met model assumptions, and whether we ignored short-term changes in the population time series. In the present paper, we address these concerns and reiterate that our results do not support the position of Freed and Cann (2013) that the forest birds in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) are declining, or that the federally listed endangered birds are showing signs of imminent collapse. On the contrary, our data indicate that the 21-year long-term trends for native birds in Hakalau Forest NWR are stable to increasing, especially in areas that have received active management.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-13-089.1","usgsCitation":"Camp, R., Pratt, T.K., Gorresen, P.M., Woodworth, B., and Jeffrey, J.J., 2014, Hawaiian forest bird trends: using log-linear models to assess long-term trends is supported by model diagnostics and assumptions (reply to Freed and Cann 2013): Condor, v. 116, no. 1, p. 97-101, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-089.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-052204","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-13-089.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288161,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-089.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.85876,19.363457 ], [ -155.85876,19.922001 ], [ -155.223499,19.922001 ], [ -155.223499,19.363457 ], [ -155.85876,19.363457 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396c952e4b0f7580bc0a8bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pratt, Thane K. tkpratt@usgs.gov","contributorId":5495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thane","email":"tkpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gorresen, P. Marcos mgorresen@usgs.gov","contributorId":37020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorresen","given":"P.","email":"mgorresen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Marcos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodworth, Bethany L.","contributorId":66797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodworth","given":"Bethany L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jeffrey, John J.","contributorId":55256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jeffrey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102827,"text":"ofr20141083 - 2014 - Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T15:53:08","indexId":"ofr20141083","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T15:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1083","title":"Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States","docAbstract":"Sea-level rise is an ongoing phenomenon that is expected to continue and is projected to have a wide range of effects on coastal environments and infrastructure during the 21st century and beyond. Consequently, there is a need to assemble relevant datasets and to develop modeling or other analytical approaches to evaluate the likelihood of particular sea-level rise impacts, such as coastal erosion, and to inform coastal management decisions with this information. This report builds on previous work that compiled oceanographic and geomorphic data as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the U.S. Atlantic coast, and developed a Bayesian Network to predict shoreline-change rates based on sea-level rise plus variables that describe the hydrodynamic and geologic setting. This report extends the previous analysis to include the Gulf and Pacific coasts of the continental United States and Alaska and Hawaii, which required using methods applied to the USGS CVI dataset to extract data for these regions. The Bayesian Network converts inputs that include observations of local rates of relative sea-level change, mean wave height, mean tide range, a geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and observed shoreline-change rates to calculate the probability of the shoreline-erosion rate exceeding a threshold level of 1 meter per year for the coasts of the United States. The calculated probabilities were compared to the historical observations of shoreline change to evaluate the hindcast success rate of the most likely probability of shoreline change. Highest accuracy was determined for the coast of Hawaii (98 percent success rate) and lowest accuracy was determined for the Gulf of Mexico (34 percent success rate). The minimum success rate rose to nearly 80 percent (Atlantic and Gulf coasts) when success included shoreline-change outcomes that were adjacent to the most likely outcome. Additionally, the probabilistic approach determines the confidence in calculated outcomes as the probability of the most likely outcome. The confidence was highest along the Pacific coast and it was lowest along the Alaskan coast.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141083","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Gutierrez, B.T., Plant, N.G., Pendleton, E., and Thieler, E.R., 2014, Using a Bayesian Network to predict shore-line change vulnerability to sea-level rise for the coasts of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1083, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141083.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053816","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288160,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141083.jpg"},{"id":288158,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1083/"},{"id":288159,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1083/pdf/ofr2014-1083.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -130.0,20.0 ], [ -130.0,50.0 ], [ -60.0,50.0 ], [ -60.0,20.0 ], [ -130.0,20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae789ce4b0abf75cf2da90","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T.","contributorId":58670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":101312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70098476,"text":"ofr20141060 - 2014 - Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-06T15:10:05","indexId":"ofr20141060","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T15:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1060","title":"Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014","docAbstract":"As the Nation’s principle earth-science information agency, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is depended on to collect data of the highest quality. This document is a quality-assurance plan for groundwater activities (GWQAP) of the Kansas Water Science Center. The purpose of this GWQAP is to establish a minimum set of guidelines and practices to be used by the Kansas Water Science Center to ensure quality in groundwater activities. Included within these practices are the assignment of responsibilities for implementing quality-assurance activities in the Kansas Water Science Center and establishment of review procedures needed to ensure the technical quality and reliability of the groundwater products. In addition, this GWQAP is intended to complement quality-assurance plans for surface-water and water-quality activities and similar plans for the Kansas Water Science Center and general project activities throughout the USGS.
\nThis document provides the framework for collecting, analyzing, and reporting groundwater data that are quality assured and quality controlled. This GWQAP presents policies directing the collection, processing, analysis, storage, review, and publication of groundwater data. In addition, policies related to organizational responsibilities, training, project planning, and safety are presented. These policies and practices pertain to all groundwater activities conducted by the Kansas Water Science Center, including data-collection programs, interpretive and research projects. This report also includes the data management plan that describes the progression of data management from data collection to archiving and publication.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141060","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Putnam, J.E., and Hansen, C.V., 2014, Quality-assurance and data management plan for groundwater activities by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kansas, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1060, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141060.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051485","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141060.jpg"},{"id":288154,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1060/"},{"id":288155,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1060/pdf/ofr2014-1060.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae77f9e4b0abf75cf2c668","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Putnam, James E. jputnam@usgs.gov","contributorId":2021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"James","email":"jputnam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111698,"text":"ds856 - 2014 - Archive of digital chirp subbottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 12BIM03 offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, July 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T21:51:19.731225","indexId":"ds856","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T14:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"856","title":"Archive of digital chirp subbottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 12BIM03 offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, July 2012","docAbstract":"From July 23 - 31, 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted geophysical surveys to investigate the geologic controls on barrier island framework and long-term sediment transport along the oil spill mitigation sand berm constructed at the north end and just offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, La. (figure 1). This effort is part of a broader USGS study, which seeks to better understand barrier island evolution over medium time scales (months to years). This report serves as an archive of unprocessed digital chirp subbottom data, trackline maps, navigation files, Geographic Information System (GIS) files, Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Gained (showing a relative increase in signal amplitude) digital images of the seismic profiles are also provided. Refer to the Abbreviations page for expansions of acronyms and abbreviations used in this report.
\n\nThe USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 12BIM03 tells us the data were collected in 2012 during the third field activity for that project in that calendar year and BIM is a generic code, which represents efforts related to Barrier Island Mapping. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID.
\n\nAll chirp systems use a signal of continuously varying frequency; the EdgeTech SB-424 system used during this survey produces high-resolution, shallow-penetration (typically less than 50 milliseconds (ms)) profile images of sub-seafloor stratigraphy. The towfish contains a transducer that transmits and receives acoustic energy and is typically towed 1 - 2 m below the sea surface. As transmitted acoustic energy intersects density boundaries, such as the seafloor or sub-surface sediment layers, energy is reflected back toward the transducer, received, and recorded by a PC-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at regular time intervals (for example, 0.125 seconds (s)) and returned energy is recorded for a specific duration (for example, 50 ms). In this way, a two-dimensional (2-D) vertical image of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship track is produced. Figure 2 displays the acquisition geometry. Refer to table 1 for a summary of acquisition parameters and table 2 for trackline statistics.
\n\nThe archived trace data are in standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG Y rev. 0 format (Barry and others, 1975); the first 3,200 bytes of the card image header are in ASCII format instead of EBCDIC format. The SEG Y files may be downloaded and processed with commercial or public domain software such as Seismic Unix (SU) (Cohen and Stockwell, 2010). See the How To Download SEG Y Data page for download instructions. The web version of this archive does not contain the SEG Y trace files. These files are very large and would require extremely long download times. To obtain the complete DVD archive, contact USGS Information Services at 1-888-ASK-USGS or infoservices@usgs.gov. The printable profiles provided here are GIF images that were processed and gained using SU software and can be viewed from the Profiles page or from links located on the trackline maps; refer to the Software page for links to example SU processing scripts. The SEG Y files are available on the DVD version of this report or on the Web, downloadable via the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov). The data are also available for viewing using GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org) and Virtual Ocean (http://www.virtualocean.org) multi-platform open source software.
\n\nDetailed information about the navigation system used can be found in table 1 and the Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs. To view the trackline maps and navigation files, and for more information about these items, see the Navigation page.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds856","usgsCitation":"Forde, A.S., Miselis, J.L., and Wiese, D.S., 2014, Archive of digital chirp subbottom profile data collected during USGS cruise 12BIM03 offshore of the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, July 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 856, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds856.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054768","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288153,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds856.jpg"},{"id":288152,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/856/html/ds856_home.html"},{"id":288151,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/856/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.916378,\n 29.951025\n ],\n [\n -88.916378,\n 30.094522\n ],\n [\n -88.797183,\n 30.094522\n ],\n [\n -88.797183,\n 29.951025\n ],\n [\n -88.916378,\n 29.951025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396d760e4b0f7580bc0a8d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forde, Arnell S. 0000-0002-5581-2255 aforde@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-2255","contributorId":376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forde","given":"Arnell","email":"aforde@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miselis, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-4925-3979 jmiselis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-3979","contributorId":3914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miselis","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmiselis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173453,"text":"70173453 - 2014 - Comparative bioenergetics modeling of two Lake Trout morphotypes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T12:20:20","indexId":"70173453","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-06T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative bioenergetics modeling of two Lake Trout morphotypes","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been hampered for decades by several factors, including overfishing and invasive species (e.g., parasitism by Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus and reproductive deficiencies associated with consumption of Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus). Restoration efforts are complicated by the presence of multiple body forms (i.e., morphotypes) of Lake Trout that differ in habitat utilization, prey consumption, lipid storage, and spawning preferences. Bioenergetics models constitute one tool that is used to help inform management and restoration decisions; however, bioenergetic differences among morphotypes have not been evaluated. The goal of this research was to investigate bioenergetic differences between two actively stocked morphotypes: lean and humper Lake Trout. We measured consumption and respiration rates across a wide range of temperatures (4–22°C) and size-classes (5–100 g) to develop bioenergetics models for juvenile Lake Trout. Bayesian estimation was used so that uncertainty could be propagated through final growth predictions. Differences between morphotypes were minimal, but when present, the differences were temperature and weight dependent. Basal respiration did not differ between morphotypes at any temperature or size-class. When growth and consumption differed between morphotypes, the differences were not consistent across the size ranges tested. Management scenarios utilizing the temperatures presently found in the Great Lakes (e.g., predicted growth at an average temperature of 11.7°C and 14.4°C during a 30-d period) demonstrated no difference in growth between the two morphotypes. Due to a lack of consistent differences between lean and humper Lake Trout, we developed a model that combined data from both morphotypes. The combined model yielded results similar to those of the morphotype-specific models, suggesting that accounting for morphotype differences may not be necessary in bioenergetics modeling of lean and humper Lake Trout.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.954051","usgsCitation":"Kepler, M.V., Wagner, T., and Sweka, J.A., 2014, Comparative bioenergetics modeling of two Lake Trout morphotypes: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 6, p. 1592-1604, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.954051.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1592","endPage":"1604","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052962","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472948,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Comparative_Bioenergetics_Modeling_of_Two_Lake_Trout_Morphotypes/1246729","text":"External Repository"},{"id":323990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913b4e4b07657d19fefed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kepler, Megan V.","contributorId":172106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kepler","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweka, John A.","contributorId":80945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweka","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70111602,"text":"sir20145072 - 2014 - Concentrations, loads, and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor watershed, New Jersey, 1989-2011, at multiple spatial scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T14:55:51","indexId":"sir20145072","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-05T14:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5072","title":"Concentrations, loads, and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor watershed, New Jersey, 1989-2011, at multiple spatial scales","docAbstract":"Concentrations, loads, and yields of nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were calculated for the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor (BB-LEH) watershed for 1989–2011 at annual and seasonal (growing and nongrowing) time scales. Concentrations, loads, and yields were calculated at three spatial scales: for each of the 81 subbasins specified by 14-digit hydrologic unit codes (HUC-14s); for each of the three BB-LEH watershed segments, which coincide with segmentation of the BB-LEH estuary; and for the entire BB-LEH watershed. Base-flow and runoff values were calculated separately and were combined to provide total values.
\nAvailable surface-water-quality data for all streams in the BB-LEH watershed for 1980–2011 were compiled from existing datasets and quality assured. Precipitation and streamflow data were used to distinguish between water-quality samples that were collected during base-flow conditions and those that were collected during runoff conditions. Base-flow separation of hydrographs of six streams in the BB-LEH watershed indicated that base flow accounts for about 72 to 94 percent of total flow in streams in the watershed.
\nBase-flow mean concentrations (BMCs) of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for each HUC-14 subbasin were calculated from relations between land use and measured base-flow concentrations. These relations were developed from multiple linear regression models determined from water-quality data collected at sampling stations in the BB-LEH watershed under base-flow conditions and land-use percentages in the contributing drainage basins. The total watershed base-flow volume was estimated for each year and season from continuous streamflow records for 1989–2011 and relations between precipitation and streamflow during base-flow conditions. For each year and season, the base-flow load and yield were then calculated for each HUC-14 subbasin from the BMCs, total base-flow volume, and drainage area.
\nThe watershed-loading application PLOAD was used to calculate runoff concentrations, loads, and yields of TN and TP at the HUC-14 scale. Flow-weighted event-mean concentrations (EMCs) for runoff were developed for each major land-use type in the watershed using storm sampling data from four streams in the BB-LEH watershed and three streams outside the watershed. The EMCs were developed separately for the growing and nongrowing seasons, and were typically greater during the growing season. The EMCs, along with annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and percent imperviousness associated with land-use types, were used as inputs to PLOAD to calculate annual and seasonal runoff concentrations, loads, and yields at the HUC-14 scale.
\nOver the period of study (1989–2011), total surface-water loads (base flow plus runoff) for the entire BB-LEH watershed for TN ranged from about 455,000 kilograms (kg) as N (1995) to 857,000 kg as N (2010). For TP, total loads for the watershed ranged from about 17,000 (1995) to 32,000 kg as P (2010). On average, the north segment accounted for about 66 percent of the annual TN load and 63 percent of the annual TP load, and the central and south segments each accounted for less than 20 percent of the nutrient loads. Loads and yields were strongly associated with precipitation patterns, ensuing hydrologic conditions, and land use. HUC-14 subbasins with the highest yields of nutrients are concentrated in the northern part of the watershed, and have the highest percentages of urban or agricultural land use. Subbasins with the lowest TN and TP yields are dominated by forest cover.
\nPercentages of turf (lawn) cover and nonturf cover were estimated for the watershed. Of the developed land in the watershed, nearly one quarter (24.9 percent) was mapped as turf cover. Because there is a strong relation between percent turf and percent developed land, percent turf in the watershed typically increases with percent development, and the amount of development can be considered a reasonable predictor of the amount of turf cover in the watershed. In the BB-LEH watershed, calculated concentrations of TN and TP were greater for developed–turf areas than for developed–nonturf areas, which, in turn, were greater than those for undeveloped areas.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145072","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission","usgsCitation":"Baker, R.J., Wieben, C.M., Lathrop, R.G., and Nicholson, R.S., 2014, Concentrations, loads, and yields of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor watershed, New Jersey, 1989-2011, at multiple spatial scales: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5072, Report: vii, 64 p.; Table 13, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145072.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 64 p.; Table 13","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1989-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-039063","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145072.jpg"},{"id":288120,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5072/"},{"id":288122,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5072/pdf/sir2014-5072.pdf"},{"id":288121,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5072/table/sir2014-5072_table13-loads-huc.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Barnegat Bay;Little Egg Harbor","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.6007,39.4669 ], [ -74.6007,40.2311 ], [ -73.9678,40.2311 ], [ -73.9678,39.4669 ], [ -74.6007,39.4669 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5391834fe4b06f80638265a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, Ronald J. rbaker@usgs.gov","contributorId":1436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Ronald","email":"rbaker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wieben, Christine M. 0000-0001-5825-5119 cwieben@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5825-5119","contributorId":4270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieben","given":"Christine","email":"cwieben@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lathrop, Richard G.","contributorId":63727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lathrop","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nicholson, Robert S. rnichol@usgs.gov","contributorId":2283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"Robert","email":"rnichol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103475,"text":"sir20145083 - 2014 - Monitoring recharge in areas of seasonally frozen ground in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T08:45:59","indexId":"sir20145083","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-05T08:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5083","title":"Monitoring recharge in areas of seasonally frozen ground in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington","docAbstract":"Seasonally frozen ground occurs over approximately one‑third of the contiguous United States, causing increased winter runoff. Frozen ground generally rejects potential groundwater recharge. Nearly all recharge from precipitation in semi-arid regions such as the Columbia Plateau and the Snake River Plain in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, occurs between October and March, when precipitation is most abundant and seasonally frozen ground is commonplace. The temporal and spatial distribution of frozen ground is expected to change as the climate warms. It is difficult to predict the distribution of frozen ground, however, because of the complex ways ground freezes and the way that snow cover thermally insulates soil, by keeping it frozen longer than it would be if it was not snow covered or, more commonly, keeping the soil thawed during freezing weather.
\nA combination of satellite remote sensing and ground truth measurements was used with some success to investigate seasonally frozen ground at local to regional scales. The frozen-ground/snow-cover algorithm from the National Snow and Ice Data Center, combined with the 21-year record of passive microwave observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager onboard a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellite, provided a unique time series of frozen ground. Periodically repeating this methodology and analyzing for trends can be a means to monitor possible regional changes to frozen ground that could occur with a warming climate.
\nThe Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System watershed model constructed for the upper Crab Creek Basin in the Columbia Plateau and Reynolds Creek basin on the eastern side of the Snake River Plain simulated recharge and frozen ground for several future climate scenarios. Frozen ground was simulated with the Continuous Frozen Ground Index, which is influenced by air temperature and snow cover. Model simulation results showed a decreased occurrence of frozen ground that coincided with increased temperatures in the future climate scenarios. Snow cover decreased in the future climate scenarios coincident with the temperature increases. Although annual precipitation was greater in future climate scenarios, thereby increasing the amount of water available for recharge over current (baseline) simulations, actual evapotranspiration also increased and reduced the amount of water available for recharge over baseline simulations. The upper Crab Creek model shows no significant trend in the rates of recharge in future scenarios. In these scenarios, annual precipitation is greater than the baseline averages, offsetting the effects of greater evapotranspiration in future scenarios. In the Reynolds Creek Basin simulations, precipitation was held constant in future scenarios and recharge was reduced by 1.0 percent for simulations representing average conditions in 2040 and reduced by 4.3 percent for simulations representing average conditions in 2080. The focus of the results of future scenarios for the Reynolds Creek Basin was the spatial components of selected hydrologic variables for this 92 square mile mountainous basin with 3,600 feet of relief. Simulation results from the watershed model using the Continuous Frozen Ground Index provided a relative measure of change in frozen ground, but could not identify the within-soil processes that allow or reject available water to recharge aquifers. The model provided a means to estimate what might occur in the future under prescribed climate scenarios, but more detailed energy-balance models of frozen-ground hydrology are needed to accurately simulate recharge under seasonally frozen ground and provide a better understanding of how changes in climate may alter infiltration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145083","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the USGS Office of Groundwater","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M., and Josberger, E., 2014, Monitoring recharge in areas of seasonally frozen ground in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5083, vii, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145083.","productDescription":"vii, 63 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051060","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288102,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145083.jpg"},{"id":288098,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5083/"},{"id":288101,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5083/pdf/sir20145083.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 11","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia Plateau;Crab Creek Basin;Reynolds Creek Basin;Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.47,41.99 ], [ -122.47,49.0 ], [ -108.63,49.0 ], [ -108.63,41.99 ], [ -122.47,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53918351e4b06f80638265ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark","contributorId":41312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Josberger, Edward","contributorId":30733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Josberger","given":"Edward","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70111384,"text":"ofr20141112 - 2014 - Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-05T08:22:30","indexId":"ofr20141112","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-05T08:17:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1112","title":"Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry equipment was installed at three sites in the Willamette River during October 2012 to test the effectiveness of using the Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System to monitor the movements of fish in a high-flow, high-velocity riverine environment. Hydrophones installed on concrete blocks were placed on the bottom of the river, and data cables were run from the hydrophones to shore where they were attached to anchor points. Under relatively low-flow conditions (less than approximately 10,000 cubic feet per second) the monitoring system remained in place and could be used to detect tagged fish as they traveled downstream during their seaward migration. At river discharge over approximately 10,000 cubic feet per second, the hydrophones were damaged and cables were lost because of the large volume of woody debris in the river and the increase in water velocity. Damage at two of the sites was sufficient to prevent data collection. A limited amount of data was collected from the equipment at the third site. Site selection and deployment strategies were re-evaluated, and an alternate deployment methodology was designed for implementation in 2013.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141112","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Rutz, G.L., Sholtis, M., Adams, N.S., and Beeman, J.W., 2014, Investigation of methods for successful installation and operation of Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) hydrophones in the Willamette River, Oregon, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1112, iv, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141112.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055083","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141112.PNG"},{"id":288097,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1112/"},{"id":288099,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1112/pdf/ofr2014-1112.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0024,43.3771 ], [ -125.0024,46.1342 ], [ -120.8002,46.1342 ], [ -120.8002,43.3771 ], [ -125.0024,43.3771 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53918350e4b06f80638265a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rutz, Gary L. grutz@usgs.gov","contributorId":3886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutz","given":"Gary","email":"grutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sholtis, Matthew D.","contributorId":69481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sholtis","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}