{"pageNumber":"521","pageRowStart":"13000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68909,"records":[{"id":70173418,"text":"70173418 - 2015 - Fishes of the Blackwater River Drainage, Tucker County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T16:29:02","indexId":"70173418","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishes of the Blackwater River Drainage, Tucker County, West Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Blackwater River, a tributary of the upper Cheat River of the Monongahela River, hosts a modest fish fauna. This relatively low diversity of fish species is partly explained by its drainage history. The Blackwater was once part of the prehistoric, northeasterly flowing St. Lawrence River. During the Pleistocene Epoch, the fauna was significantly affected by glacial advance and by proglacial lakes and their associated overflows. After the last glacial retreat, overflow channels, deposits, and scouring altered drainage courses and connected some of the tributaries of the ancient Teays and Pittsburgh drainages. These major alterations allowed the invasion of fishes from North America's more species-rich southern waters. Here we review fish distributions based on 67 surveys at 34 sites within the Blackwater River drainage, and discuss the origin and status of 37 species. Within the Blackwater River watershed, 30 species (20 native, 10 introduced) have been reported from upstream of Blackwater Falls, whereas 29 (26 native, 3 introduced) have been documented below the Falls. Acid mine drainage, historic lumbering, and human encroachment have impacted the Blackwater's ichthyofauna. The fishes that have been most affected are&nbsp;</span><i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i><span>&nbsp;(Brook Trout),&nbsp;</span><i>Clinostomus elongatus</i><span>&nbsp;(Redside Dace),&nbsp;</span><i>Nocomis micropogon</i><span>&nbsp;(River Chub),&nbsp;</span><i>Hypentelium nigricans</i><span>&nbsp;(Northern Hog Sucker),&nbsp;</span><i>Etheostoma flabellare</i><span>&nbsp;(Fantail Darter), and&nbsp;</span><i>Percina maculata</i><span>(Blackside Darter). The first two species incurred range reductions, whereas the latter four were probably extirpated. In the 1990s, acid remediation dramatically improved the water quality of the river below Davis. Recent surveys in the lower drainage revealed 15 fishes where none had been observed since at least the 1940s; seven of these (</span><i>Cyprinella spiloptera</i><span>&nbsp;[Spotfin Shiner],&nbsp;</span><i>Luxilus chrysocephalus</i><span>&nbsp;[Striped Shiner],&nbsp;</span><i>Notropis photogenis</i><span>&nbsp;[Silver Shiner],&nbsp;</span><i>N. rubellus</i><span>&nbsp;[Rosyface Shiner];</span><i>Micropterus dolomieu</i><span>&nbsp;[Smallmouth Bass]; and&nbsp;</span><i>Etheostoma camurum</i><span>&nbsp;[Bluebreast Darter] and&nbsp;</span><i>E. variatum</i><span>&nbsp;[Variegate Darter]) represent additions to the faunal list of the Blackwater River.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.014.sp725","usgsCitation":"Cincotta, D.A., Welsh, S., Wegman, D.P., Oldham, T.E., and Hedrick, L.B., 2015, Fishes of the Blackwater River Drainage, Tucker County, West Virginia: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 14, no. 7, p. 297-313, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.014.sp725.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"313","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055315","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323826,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Blackwater River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.63645935058594,\n              39.07677595221322\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.61894989013672,\n              39.087169549791966\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.56676483154297,\n              39.09756161605432\n            ],\n     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A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wegman, Douglas P.","contributorId":172053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wegman","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oldham, Thomas E.","contributorId":172054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oldham","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hedrick, Lara B.","contributorId":50346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedrick","given":"Lara","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70176591,"text":"70176591 - 2015 - Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T12:27:40","indexId":"70176591","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary","docAbstract":"To better understand suspended-sediment transport in a tidal slough adjacent to a large wetland restoration project, we deployed continuously-measuring temperature, salinity, depth, turbidity, and velocity sensors since 2010, and added a dissolved-oxygen sensor in 2012, at a near-bottom location in Alviso Slough (Alviso, California USA). Alviso Slough is the downstream reach of the Guadalupe River and flows into the far southern end of San Francisco Bay. River flow is influenced by the Mediterranean climate, with high flows correlated to episodic winter storms (~85 m3 s-1) and low base flow during the summer (~0.85 m3 s-1).  Storms and associated runoff have the greatest influence on sediment flux.  Strong spring tides promote upstream sediment flux and weak neap tides have only a small net flux.  During neap tides, stratification likely suppresses sediment transport during weaker flood and ebb tides.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 17th physics of estuaries and coastal seas (PECS) conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"17th physics of estuaries and coastal seas (PECS) conference","conferenceDate":"19–24 October 2014","conferenceLocation":"Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brazil","language":"English","collaboration":"California State Coastal Conservancy","usgsCitation":"Shellenbarger, G., Downing-Kunz, M.A., and Schoellhamer, D., 2015, Suspended-sediment dynamics in the tidal reach of a San Francisco Bay tributary, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 17th physics of estuaries and coastal seas (PECS) conference, Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco, Brazil, 19–24 October 2014, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-058075","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328849,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.southbayrestoration.org/documents/technical/shellenbarger_etal_PECS2014_final.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Southern reach of San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.05810546875,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.07894897460938,\n              36.20660692859011\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.80017089843749,\n              35.94688293218141\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.574951171875,\n              36.1245647481333\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.90979003906249,\n              37.47485808497102\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.05810546875,\n              37.42688834526727\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a42e4b01ccd54ff3fac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":174805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318 mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":3690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen","email":"mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157120,"text":"70157120 - 2015 - Tsunami geology in paleoseismology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T13:47:56","indexId":"70157120","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Tsunami geology in paleoseismology","docAbstract":"<p>The 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Tohoku-oki disasters dramatically demonstrated the destructiveness and deadliness of tsunamis. For the assessment of future risk posed by tsunamis it is necessary to understand past tsunami events. Recent work on tsunami deposits has provided new information on paleotsunami events, including their recurrence interval and the size of the tsunamis (e.g. [187–189]). Tsunamis are observed not only on the margin of oceans but also in lakes. The majority of tsunamis are generated by earthquakes, but other events that displace water such as landslides and volcanic eruptions can also generate tsunamis. These non-earthquake tsunamis occur less frequently than earthquake tsunamis; it is, therefore, very important to find and study geologic evidence for past eruption and submarine landslide triggered tsunami events, as their rare occurrence may lead to risks being underestimated. Geologic investigations of tsunamis have historically relied on earthquake geology. Geophysicists estimate the parameters of vertical coseismic displacement that tsunami modelers use as a tsunami's initial condition. The modelers then let the simulated tsunami run ashore. This approach suffers from the relationship between the earthquake and seafloor displacement, the pertinent parameter in tsunami generation, being equivocal. In recent years, geologic investigations of tsunamis have added sedimentology and micropaleontology, which focus on identifying and interpreting depositional and erosional features of tsunamis. For example, coastal sediment may contain deposits that provide important information on past tsunami events [190, 191]. In some cases, a tsunami is recorded by a single sand layer. Elsewhere, tsunami deposits can consist of complex layers of mud, sand, and boulders, containing abundant stratigraphic evidence for sediment reworking and redeposition. These onshore sediments are geologic evidence for tsunamis and are called ‘tsunami deposits’ (Figs. 26 and 27). Tsunami deposits can be classified into two groups: modern tsunami deposits and paleotsunami deposits. A modern tsunami deposit is a deposit whose source event is known. A paleotsunami deposit is a deposit whose age is estimated and has a source that is either inferred to be a historical event or is unknown. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The Contribution of Palaeoseismology to Seismic Hazard Assessment in Site Evaluation for Nuclear Installations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Atomic Energy Agency","collaboration":"IAEA","usgsCitation":"Nishimura, Y., and Jaffe, B.E., 2015, Tsunami geology in paleoseismology, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"66","endPage":"81","ipdsId":"IP-057890","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307971,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/TE-1767_web.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ee4b0571647d19ae1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nishimura, Yuichi","contributorId":147449,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nishimura","given":"Yuichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16855,"text":"Hokkaido University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":571733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Bruce E. 0000-0002-8816-5920 bjaffe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-5920","contributorId":2049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Bruce","email":"bjaffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184998,"text":"70184998 - 2015 - Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T14:49:53.877779","indexId":"70184998","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards","docAbstract":"<p><span>Lahars are volcanic debris flows that are dubbed primary when triggered by eruptive activity or secondary when triggered by other factors such as heavy rainfall after eruptive activity has waned. Variation in time and space of the proportion of sediment to water within a lahar dictates lahar flow phase and the resultant sedimentary character of deposits. Characteristics of source material and of debris eroded and incorporated during flow downstream may strongly affect the grain-size composition of flowing lahars and their deposits. Lahars borne on the flanks of two steep-sided stratocones in Ecuador exemplify two important lahar types. Glacier-clad Cotopaxi volcano has been a producer of primary lahars that flow great distances downstream. Such primary lahars include those of both clast-rich and matrix-rich composition—some of which have flowed as far as 325&nbsp;km to the Pacific Ocean. Cotopaxi's last important eruption in 1877 generated formidable syneruptive lahars comparable in size to those that buried Armero, Colombia, following the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano. In contrast, ash-producing eruptive activity during the past 15&nbsp;years at Tungurahua volcano has generated a continual supply of fresh volcaniclastic debris that is regularly remobilized by precipitation. Between 2000 and 2011, 886 rain-generated lahars were registered at Tungurahua. These two volcanoes pose dramatically different hazards to nearby populations. At Tungurahua, the frequency and small sizes of lahars have resulted in effective mitigation measures. At Cotopaxi 137&nbsp;years have passed since the last important lahar-producing eruption, and there is now a high-risk situation for more than 100,000 people living in downstream valleys.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanic hazards, risks and disasters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X","usgsCitation":"Mothes, P.A., and Vallance, J.W., 2015, Lahars at Cotopaxi and Tungurahua Volcanoes, Ecuador: Highlights from stratigraphy and observational records and related downstream hazards, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Volcanic hazards, risks and disasters, p. 141-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396453-3.00006-X.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"168","ipdsId":"IP-055950","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337703,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Ecuador","otherGeospatial":"Cotopaxi volcano, Tungurahua volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79,\n              -0.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -79,\n              -1.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.25,\n              -1.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.25,\n              -0.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -79,\n              -0.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58cba41de4b0849ce97dc756","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mothes, Patricia A","contributorId":189114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mothes","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182466,"text":"70182466 - 2015 - Twentieth-century shifts in forest structure in California: Denser forests, smaller trees, and increased dominance of oaks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T15:25:00","indexId":"70182466","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Twentieth-century shifts in forest structure in California: Denser forests, smaller trees, and increased dominance of oaks","docAbstract":"We document changes in forest structure between historical(1930s) and contemporary (2000s) surveys of California vegetation through comparisons of tree abundance and size across the state and within several ecoregions. Across California, tree density in forested regions increased by 30% between the two time periods, whereas forest biomass in the same regions declined, as indicated by a 19% reduction in basal area. These changes reflect a demographic shift in forest structure: larger trees (>61 cm diameter at breast height) have declined, whereas smaller trees ( &lt; 30 cm) have increased. Large tree declines were found in all surveyed regions of California, whereas small tree increases were found in every region except the south and central coast. Large tree declines were more severe in areas experiencing greater increases in climaticwater deficit since the 1930s, based on a hydrologicmodel of water balance for historical climates through the 20th century. Forest composition in California in the last century has also shifted toward increased dominance by oaks relative to pines, a pattern consistent with warming and increased water stress, and also with paleohistoric shifts in vegetation in California over the last 150,000 y.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1410186112","usgsCitation":"McIntyre, P.J., Thorne, J.H., Dolanc, C.R., Flint, A.L., Flint, L.E., Kelly, M., and Ackerly, D.D., 2015, Twentieth-century shifts in forest structure in California: Denser forests, smaller trees, and increased dominance of oaks: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 112, no. 5, p. 1458-1463, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1410186112.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1458","endPage":"1463","ipdsId":"IP-059537","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472404,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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R.","contributorId":145940,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolanc","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16301,"text":"University of California, Davis; Mercyhurst University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":671202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flint, Alan L. 0000-0002-5118-751X aflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5118-751X","contributorId":1492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"aflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":671199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kelly, Maggi","contributorId":14275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Maggi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ackerly, David D.","contributorId":182417,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ackerly","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":671205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70161815,"text":"70161815 - 2015 - Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA, 2007-14","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:26:26","indexId":"70161815","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5272,"text":"Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA, 2007-14","docAbstract":"<p><span class=\"pb_abstract\">Rapid land subsidence was recently measured using multiple methods in two areas of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV): between Merced and Fresno (El Nido), and between Fresno and Bakersfield (Pixley). Recent land-use changes and diminished surface-water availability have led to increased groundwater pumping, groundwater-level declines, and land subsidence. Differential land subsidence has reduced the flow capacity of water-conveyance systems in these areas, exacerbating flood hazards and affecting the delivery of irrigation water. <br><br>Vertical land-surface changes during 2007–2014 were determined by using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS), and extensometer data. Results of the InSAR analysis indicate that about 7600 km<sup>2</sup> subsided 50–540 mm during 2008–2010; CGPS and extensometer data indicate that these rates continued or accelerated through December 2014. The maximum InSAR-measured rate of 270 mm yr<sup>−1</sup> occurred in the El Nido area, and is among the largest rates ever measured in the SJV. In the Pixley area, the maximum InSAR-measured rate during 2008–2010 was 90 mm yr<sup>−1</sup>. Groundwater was an important part of the water supply in both areas, and pumping increased when land use changed or when surface water was less available. This increased pumping caused groundwater-level declines to near or below historical lows during the drought periods 2007–2009 and 2012–present. <br><br>Long-term groundwater-level and land-subsidence monitoring in the SJV is critical for understanding the interconnection of land use, groundwater levels, and subsidence, and evaluating management strategies that help mitigate subsidence hazards to infrastructure while optimizing water supplies.</span></p>","conferenceTitle":"Ninth International Symposium on Land Subsidence (NISOLS)","conferenceDate":"November 15-19, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Nagoya, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Copernicus Publications","doi":"10.5194/piahs-372-23-2015","usgsCitation":"Sneed, M., and Brandt, J.T., 2015, Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA, 2007-14: Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, v. 372, p. 23-27, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-23-2015.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"27","ipdsId":"IP-064854","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472405,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-23-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"372","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea5e4b006455f2d61ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sneed, Michelle 0000-0002-8180-382X micsneed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-382X","contributorId":155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sneed","given":"Michelle","email":"micsneed@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Justin T. 0000-0002-9397-6824 jbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9397-6824","contributorId":157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Justin","email":"jbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187015,"text":"70187015 - 2015 - Stable-isotope and solute-chemistry approaches to flow characterization in a forested tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T10:34:45","indexId":"70187015","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable-isotope and solute-chemistry approaches to flow characterization in a forested tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"<p><span>The prospect of changing climate has led to uncertainty about the resilience of forested mountain watersheds in the tropics. In watersheds where frequent, high rainfall provides ample runoff, we often lack understanding of how the system will respond under conditions of decreased rainfall or drought. Factors that govern water supply, such as recharge rates and groundwater storage capacity, may be poorly quantified. This paper describes 8-year data sets of water stable isotope composition (</span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H and </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O) of precipitation (4 sites) and a stream (1 site), and four contemporaneous stream sample sets of solute chemistry and isotopes, used to investigate watershed response to precipitation inputs in the 1780-ha Río Mameyes basin in the Luquillo Mountains of northeastern Puerto Rico. Extreme </span><i>δ</i><sup>2</sup><span>H and </span><i>δ</i><sup>18</sup><span>O values from low-pressure storm systems and the deuterium excess (</span><i>d</i><span>-excess) were useful tracers of watershed response in this tropical system. A hydrograph separation experiment performed in June 2011 yielded different but complementary information from stable isotope and solute chemistry data. The hydrograph separation results indicated that 36% of the storm rain that reached the soil surface left the watershed in a very short time as runoff. Weathering-derived solutes indicated near-stream groundwater was displaced into the stream at the beginning of the event, followed by significant dilution. The more biologically active solutes exhibited a net flushing behavior. The </span><i>d-</i><span>excess analysis suggested that streamflow typically has a recent rainfall component (∼25%) with transit time less than the sampling resolution of 7&nbsp;days, and a more well-mixed groundwater component (∼75%). The contemporaneous stream sample sets showed an overall increase in dissolved solute concentrations with decreasing elevation that may be related to groundwater inputs, different geology, and slope position. A considerable amount of water from rain events runs off as quickflow and bypasses subsurface watershed flowpaths, and better understanding of shallow hillslope and deeper groundwater processes in the watershed will require sub-weekly data and detailed transit time modeling. A combined isotopic and solute chemistry approach can guide further studies to a more comprehensive model of the hydrology, and inform decisions for managing water supply with future changes in climate and land use.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.008","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., Shanley, J.B., Murphy, S.F., Willenbring, J.K., Occhi, M., and Gonzalez, G., 2015, Stable-isotope and solute-chemistry approaches to flow characterization in a forested tropical watershed, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Applied Geochemistry, v. 63, p. 484-497, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.03.008.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"484","endPage":"497","ipdsId":"IP-063619","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472425,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rh0q3tv","text":"External Repository"},{"id":339930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.96397399902344,\n              18.173254472950752\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6048583984375,\n              18.173254472950752\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6048583984375,\n              18.394927021680232\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.96397399902344,\n              18.394927021680232\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.96397399902344,\n              18.173254472950752\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877bbe4b0b7ea54521c32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Willenbring, Jane K","contributorId":191115,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willenbring","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Occhi, Marcie","contributorId":191116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Occhi","given":"Marcie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzalez, Grizelle","contributorId":191117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"Grizelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70194019,"text":"70194019 - 2015 - Optimization techniques using MODFLOW-GWM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T15:20:49","indexId":"70194019","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Optimization techniques using MODFLOW-GWM","docAbstract":"An important application of optimization codes such as MODFLOW-GWM is to maximize water supply from unconfined aquifers subject to constraints involving surface-water depletion and drawdown. In optimizing pumping for a fish hatchery in a bedrock aquifer system overlain by glacial deposits in eastern Wisconsin, various features of the GWM-2000 code were used to overcome difficulties associated with: 1) Non-linear response matrices caused by unconfined conditions and head-dependent boundaries; 2) Efficient selection of candidate well and drawdown constraint locations; and 3) Optimizing against water-level constraints inside pumping wells. Features of GWM-2000 were harnessed to test the effects of systematically varying the decision variables and constraints on the optimized solution for managing withdrawals. An important lesson of the procedure, similar to lessons learned in model calibration, is that the optimized outcome is non-unique, and depends on a range of choices open to the user. The modeler must balance the complexity of the numerical flow model used to represent the groundwater-flow system against the range of options (decision variables, objective functions, constraints) available for optimizing the model.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2015: Modeling a complex world","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Grava, A., Feinstein, D.T., Barlow, P.M., Bonomi, T., Buarne, F., Dunning, C., and Hunt, R.J., 2015, Optimization techniques using MODFLOW-GWM, <i>in</i> MODFLOW and More 2015: Modeling a complex world, p. 354-358.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"354","endPage":"358","ipdsId":"IP-064939","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c25349","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grava, Anna","contributorId":200330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grava","given":"Anna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feinstein, Daniel T. 0000-0003-1151-2530 dtfeinst@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-2530","contributorId":1907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feinstein","given":"Daniel","email":"dtfeinst@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bonomi, Tullia","contributorId":200331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bonomi","given":"Tullia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buarne, Fabiola","contributorId":200332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buarne","given":"Fabiola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dunning, Charles 0000-0002-0597-2058 cdunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-2058","contributorId":174864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunning","given":"Charles","email":"cdunning@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304 rjhunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":1129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall","email":"rjhunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70135981,"text":"70135981 - 2015 - Preliminary analysis of suspended sediment rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-13T14:26:31.658809","indexId":"70135981","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary analysis of suspended sediment rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan","docAbstract":"<p>Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A., were developed based on measured data. The slopes of the atsite SSC rating curves were of two general types: either increasing or decreasing with increasing discharges. By examining the basin characteristics and flow patterns, streams with negative SSC rating curve slopes were associated with groundwater-dominated streams and those with positive slope terms were associated with surface-water dominated streams. A panel regression with fixed-effects analysis was applied to the pooled atsite data according to various grouping criteria. The results from the subgroups which considered groundwater and surface-water dominance, seasonality, and dam effects showed better fit than the at-site SSC rating curves did. It was assumed that the rating curve slopes for sites in each subgroup were the same but their intercepts varied from site to site. The groundwater and surface-water dominance division was used as the basis for estimating SSC at ungaged sites. The study was conducted as a component of hydrodynamic modeling under the Enbridge Line 6B pipeline oil-spill recovery activities.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, 5th Federal Interagnecy Hydrologic Modeling Conference","conferenceDate":"April 19-23, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Soong, D.T., Hoard, C.J., Fitzpatrick, F., and Zelt, R.B., 2015, Preliminary analysis of suspended sediment rating curves for the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries from Marshall to Kalamazoo, Michigan, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2015, Reno, NV, April 19-23, 2015, p. 1246-1257.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1246","endPage":"1257","ipdsId":"IP-061462","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sedhyd.org/past/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":351831,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeec0de4b0da30c1bfc6bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soong, David T. dsoong@usgs.gov","contributorId":2230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soong","given":"David","email":"dsoong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoard, Christopher J. 0000-0003-2337-506X cjhoard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2337-506X","contributorId":191767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoard","given":"Christopher","email":"cjhoard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":127794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zelt, Ronald B. 0000-0001-9024-855X rbzelt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9024-855X","contributorId":300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"Ronald","email":"rbzelt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70134310,"text":"70134310 - 2015 - Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T12:27:11","indexId":"70134310","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2114,"text":"Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation","docAbstract":"<p><span>This work examines the performance and limitations of a wet chemical oxidation carbon analyser interfaced with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (WCO-CRDS) in a continuous flow (CF) configuration for measuring&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup><span>C of dissolved organic carbon (</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup><span>C-DOC) in natural water samples. Low-chloride matrix (&lt;5 g Cl/L) DOC solutions were analysed with as little as 2.5 mg C/L in a 9 mL aliquot with a precision of 0.5 &permil;. In high-chloride matrix (10&ndash;100 g Cl/L) DOC solutions, bias towards lighter&nbsp;</span><i>&delta;</i><sup>13</sup><span>C-DOC was observed because of incomplete oxidation despite using high-concentration oxidant, extended reaction time, or post-wet chemical oxidation gas-phase combustion. However, through a combination of dilution, chloride removal, and increasing the oxidant:sample ratio, high-salinity samples with sufficient DOC (&gt;22.5 &micro;g C/aliquot) may be analysed. The WCO-CRDS approach requires more total carbon (&micro;g C/aliquot) than conventional CF-isotope ratio mass spectrometer, but is nonetheless applicable to a wide range of DOC concentration and water types, including brackish water, produced water, and basinal brines.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2015.1009910","usgsCitation":"Conaway, C.H., Thomas, R.B., Saad, N., Thordsen, J., and Kharaka, Y.K., 2015, Carbon isotope analysis of dissolved organic carbon in fresh and saline (NaCl) water via continuous flow cavity ring-down spectroscopy following wet chemical oxidation: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 51, no. 2, p. 344-358, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2015.1009910.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"358","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059947","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5780ceb2e4b08116168222c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conaway, Christopher H. 0000-0002-0991-033X cconwaya@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-033X","contributorId":127598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conaway","given":"Christopher","email":"cconwaya@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Randal B. burt_thomas@usgs.gov","contributorId":5073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Randal","email":"burt_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saad, Nabil","contributorId":127599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saad","given":"Nabil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7073,"text":"Picarro, Inc. Santa Clara, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70137756,"text":"70137756 - 2015 - North Cascades National Park Service Complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T15:53:32","indexId":"70137756","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NOCA/NRR—2015/901","title":"North Cascades National Park Service Complex","docAbstract":"<p>Natural Resource Condition Assessments (NRCAs) evaluate current conditions for a subset of natural resources and resource indicators in national parks. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition (when possible), identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given project depend on the park’s resource setting, status of resource stewardship planning and science in identifying high-priority indicators, and availability of data and expertise to assess current conditions for a variety of potential study resources and indicators. Although the primary objective of NRCAs is to report on current conditions relative to logical forms of reference conditions and values, NRCAs also report on trends, when appropriate (i.e., when the underlying data and methods support such reporting), as well as influences on resource conditions. These influences may include past activities or conditions that provide a helpful context for understanding current conditions and present-day threats and stressors that are best interpreted at park, watershed, or landscape scales (though NRCAs do not report on condition status for land areas and natural resources beyond park boundaries). Intensive cause-andeffect analyses of threats and stressors, and development of detailed treatment options, are outside the scope of NRCAs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Climate Impacts Group, College of the Environment, University of Washington; University of Washington Office of the Washington State Climatologist; U.S. Department of the Interior Climate Science Center, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Hoffman, R., Woodward, A., Haggerty, P.K., Jenkins, K.J., Griffin, P., Adams, M.J., Hagar, J., Cummings, T., Duriscoe, D., Kopper, K., Riedel, J., Marin, L., Mauger, G.S., Bumbaco, K., and Littell, J.S., 2015, North Cascades National Park Service Complex, xxviii., 358 p. .","productDescription":"xxviii., 358 p. ","startPage":"390","ipdsId":"IP-056926","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297134,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/App/Reference/Profile/2219076"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington ","otherGeospatial":"North Cascades National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -121.6021728515625,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.948486328125,\n              49.005447494058096\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.69580078125001,\n              48.531157010976706\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.52001953124999,\n              48.33799480425318\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.76171875,\n              48.27588152743497\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.11328124999999,\n              48.39638531208806\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.58020019531249,\n              48.73083222613515\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.7779541015625,\n              48.99824008113872\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6021728515625,\n              48.99463598353408\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ce4b0571647d19ab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoffman, Robert robert_hoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Robert","email":"robert_hoffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodward, Andrea 0000-0003-0604-9115 awoodward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0604-9115","contributorId":3028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"Andrea","email":"awoodward@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haggerty, Patricia K. phaggerty@usgs.gov","contributorId":4602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Patricia","email":"phaggerty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Griffin, Paul C. pgriffin@usgs.gov","contributorId":3402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Paul C.","email":"pgriffin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cummings, Tonnie","contributorId":41760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"Tonnie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Duriscoe, Dan","contributorId":138604,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duriscoe","given":"Dan","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kopper, Karen","contributorId":138605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kopper","given":"Karen","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Riedel, Jon","contributorId":138606,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riedel","given":"Jon","affiliations":[{"id":12462,"text":"U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Marin, Lelaina","contributorId":138607,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marin","given":"Lelaina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Mauger, Guillaume S.","contributorId":138608,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mauger","given":"Guillaume","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12463,"text":"Climate Impacts Group, College of the Environment, University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Bumbaco, Karen","contributorId":138609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bumbaco","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12464,"text":"University of Washington Office of the Washington State Climatologist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Littell, Jeremy S.","contributorId":54506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littell","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70144530,"text":"70144530 - 2015 - Long-term growth-increment chronologies reveal diverse influences of climate forcing on freshwater and forest biota in the Pacific Northwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T18:01:48","indexId":"70144530","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term growth-increment chronologies reveal diverse influences of climate forcing on freshwater and forest biota in the Pacific Northwest","docAbstract":"<p><span>Analyses of how organisms are likely to respond to a changing climate have focused largely on the direct effects of warming temperatures, though changes in other variables may also be important, particularly the amount and timing of precipitation. Here, we develop a network of eight growth-increment width chronologies for freshwater mussel species in the Pacific Northwest, United States and integrate them with tree-ring data to evaluate how terrestrial and aquatic indicators respond to hydroclimatic variability, including river discharge and precipitation. Annual discharge averaged across water years (October 1&ndash;September 30) was highly synchronous among river systems and imparted a coherent pattern among mussel chronologies. The leading principal component of the five longest mussel chronologies (1982&ndash;2003; PC1</span><sub>mussel</sub><span>) accounted for 47% of the dataset variability and negatively correlated with the leading principal component of river discharge (PC1</span><sub>discharge</sub><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;&minus;0.88;&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.0001). PC1</span><sub>mussel</sub><span>&nbsp;and PC1</span><sub>discharge</sub><span>&nbsp;were closely linked to regional wintertime precipitation patterns across the Pacific Northwest, the season in which the vast majority of annual precipitation arrives. Mussel growth was also indirectly related to tree radial growth, though the nature of the relationships varied across the landscape. Negative correlations occurred in forests where tree growth tends to be limited by drought while positive correlations occurred in forests where tree growth tends to be limited by deep or lingering snowpack. Overall, this diverse assemblage of chronologies illustrates the importance of winter precipitation to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and suggests that a complexity of climate responses must be considered when estimating the biological impacts of climate variability and change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12756","usgsCitation":"Black, B.A., Dunham, J., Blundon, B.W., Brim-Box, J., and Tepley, A.J., 2015, Long-term growth-increment chronologies reveal diverse influences of climate forcing on freshwater and forest biota in the Pacific Northwest: Global Change Biology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 594-604, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12756.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"594","endPage":"604","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056994","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299199,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Oregon, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              48.93693495409401\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              48.93693495409401\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.068359375,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-11-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc52ce4b0323842783a4e","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gcb.12756","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12756","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Black Bryan A., Dunham Jason B., Blundon Brett W., Brim-Box Jayne, Tepley Alan J.","journalName":"Global Change Biology","publicationDate":"11/17/2014","auditedOn":"10/29/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Black, Bryan A.","contributorId":68448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Black","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Jason B. 0000-0002-6268-0633 jdunham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0633","contributorId":1808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Jason B.","email":"jdunham@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blundon, Brett W.","contributorId":26805,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blundon","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brim-Box, Jayne","contributorId":139992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brim-Box","given":"Jayne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13345,"text":"Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tepley, Alan J.","contributorId":139993,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tepley","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13346,"text":"University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Geography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70159512,"text":"ofr20131280H - 2015 - Mineral potential tracts for orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 69)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159512,"text":"ofr20131280H - 2015 - Mineral potential tracts for orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 69)","indexId":"ofr20131280H","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Mineral potential tracts for orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 69)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T16:58:34.262515","indexId":"ofr20131280H","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"H","title":"Mineral potential tracts for orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 69)","docAbstract":"<p>The gold resources of Mauritania presently include two important deposits and a series of poorly studied prospects. The Tasiast belt of deposits, which came into production in 2007, is located in the southwestern corner of the Rgue&iuml;bat Shield and defines a world-class Paleoproterozoic(?) orogenic gold ore system. The producing Guelb Moghrein deposit occurs along a shear zone in Middle Archean rocks at the bend in the Northern Mauritanides and is most commonly stated to be an iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) type of deposit, although it also has some important characteristics of orogenic gold and skarn deposits. Both major deposits are surrounded by numerous prospects that show similar mineralization styles. The Guelb Moghrein deposit, and IOCG deposit types in general are discussed in greater detail in a companion report by Fernette (2015). In addition, many small gold prospects, which are probably orogenic gold occurrences and are suggested to be early Paleozoic in age, occur along the length of Southern Mauritanides. Existing data indicate the gold deposits and prospects in Mauritania have a sulfide assemblage most commonly dominated by pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, and have ore-related fluids with apparently high salinities.</p>\n<p>A preliminary evaluation of these gold data can be used to develop broad, firstorder tracts defining favorable and permissive areas for gold resources; detailed metamorphic and structural maps are required for more detailed future tract definition. Such a first-order assessment can, nonetheless, broadly identify four tracts of gold resource potential. Three of these are favorable for discovery of new orogenic gold deposits. One tract, although not favorable, is nevertheless permissive for discovery of epithermal gold deposits. Tract 1 is defined by favorable medium metamorphic grade greenstone belts within vast areas of unfavorable high metamorphic grade, Mesoarchean and Paleoproterozoic granite-gneiss basement of the Rgue&iuml;bat Shield. Faults &gt;200 km in&nbsp;length following the general strike of the greenstone belts; lineament intersections with both exposed and buried parts of greenstone belts within 500 m of the surface, as defined by aeromagnetic data (Finn and Anderson, 2015); and areas of banded iron formation (BIF) in the belts are particularly favorable areas for hosting gold resources in orogenic gold deposits within and along the margins of the greenstone belts. Tracts 2 and 3, also for orogenic gold, reflect the favorable Proterozoic-Cambrian metamorphic rocks of the Northern and Southern Mauritanides, with &gt;200-km-long faults following the general strike of the range, and areas underlain by ultramafic and BIF rocks being particularly favorable. Outcrops of Triassic-Jurassic igneous rocks along the margins of the Taoudeni Basin define tract 4, which is permissive for epithermal gold deposits. Although extensive data are lacking for the area, carbonate units along the northern side of the Taoudeni Basin could be considered permissive host rocks for Carlin-type mineralization, but the deep-water carbonate lithologies are typically not favorable for such.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Second projet de renforcement institutionnel du secteur minier de la République  Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) (Open File Report 2013-1280)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131280H","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Ministry of Petroleum, Energy, and Mines of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania","usgsCitation":"Goldfarb, R.J., Marsh, E.E., Anderson, E.D., Horton, J.D., Finn, C.A., and Beaudoin, G., 2015, Mineral potential tracts for orogenic, Carlin-like, and epithermal gold deposits in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, (phase V, deliverable 69): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1280, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131280H.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052706","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280H.PNG"},{"id":319096,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_69-Gold_chapter_H.pdf","text":"Chapter 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,{"id":70194129,"text":"70194129 - 2015 - PESTools – A Python toolkit for processing PEST-related information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-11T14:59:41","indexId":"70194129","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PESTools – A Python toolkit for processing PEST-related information","docAbstract":"PESTools is an open-source Python package for processing and visualizing information associated with\nthe parameter estimation software PEST and PEST++. While PEST output can be reformatted for post-\nprocessing in spreadsheets or other menu-driven software packages, that approach can be error-prone\nand time-consuming. Managing information from highly parameterized models with thousands of\nparameters and observations presents additional challenges. PESTools consists of a set of Python object\nclasses to facilitate efficient processing and visualization of PEST-related information. Processing and\nvisualization of observation residuals, objective function contributions, parameter and observation\nsensitivities, parameter correlation and identifiability, and other common PEST outputs have been\nimplemented. PESTools is integrated with the pyemu software package for linear-based computer model\nuncertainty analyses, allowing for efficient computations using the Jacobian Matrix without any external\nutilities or files. The use of dataframe objects (pandas Python package) facilitates rapid subsetting and\nquerying of large datasets, as well as the incorporation of ancillary information such as observation\nlocations, times, measurement types, and other associated information. PESTools’ object methods can\nbe easily scripted with concise code, or alternatively, the use of IPython notebooks allows for live\ninteraction with the information. PESTools is designed to streamline workflows and provide deeper insight\ninto model behavior, enhance troubleshooting, and improve transparency in the calibration process.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2015 Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"MODFLOW and More 2015 Conference","usgsCitation":"Christianson, E., and Leaf, A.T., 2015, PESTools – A Python toolkit for processing PEST-related information, <i>in</i> MODFLOW and More 2015 Proceedings, p. 393-397.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"397","ipdsId":"IP-064863","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348923,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/PESTools/pestools/blob/master/examples/MODFLOW%20and%20More%202015%20Paper.ipynb"},{"id":349919,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60febde4b06e28e9c25345","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christianson, Evan","contributorId":200427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christianson","given":"Evan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leaf, Andrew T. 0000-0001-8784-4924 aleaf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-4924","contributorId":5156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leaf","given":"Andrew","email":"aleaf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70159479,"text":"70159479 - 2015 - Bioenergetics modeling of percid fishes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:12:39.27963","indexId":"70159479","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"14","title":"Bioenergetics modeling of percid fishes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A bioenergetics model for a percid fish represents a quantitative description of the fish&rsquo;s energy budget. Bioenergetics modeling can be used to identify the important factors determining growth of percids in lakes, rivers, or seas. For example, bioenergetics modeling applied to yellow perch (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Perca flavescens</i><span>) in the western and central basins of Lake Erie revealed that the slower growth in the western basin was attributable to limitations in suitably sized prey in western Lake Erie, rather than differences in water temperature between the two basins. Bioenergetics modeling can also be applied to a percid population to estimate the amount of food being annually consumed by the percid population. For example, bioenergetics modeling applied to the walleye (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sander vitreus</i><span>) population in Lake Erie has provided fishery managers valuable insights into changes in the population&rsquo;s predatory demand over time. In addition, bioenergetics modeling has been used to quantify the effect of the difference in growth between the sexes on contaminant accumulation in walleye. Field and laboratory evaluations of percid bioenergetics model performance have documented a systematic bias, such that the models overestimate consumption at low feeding rates but underestimate consumption at high feeding rates. However, more recent studies have shown that this systematic bias was due, at least in part, to an error in the energy budget balancing algorithm used in the computer software. Future research work is needed to more thoroughly assess the field and laboratory performance of percid bioenergetics models and to quantify differences in activity and standard metabolic rate between the sexes of mature percids.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology and culture of percid fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_14","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., 2015, Bioenergetics modeling of percid fishes, chap. 14 <i>of</i> Biology and culture of percid fishes, p. 369-397, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_14.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"397","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052084","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"563ddd3fe4b0831b7d6271e8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kestemont, Patrick","contributorId":172551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kestemont","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641233,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dabrowski, Konrad","contributorId":172552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dabrowski","given":"Konrad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641234,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Summerfelt, Robert C.","contributorId":172553,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Summerfelt","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641235,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159474,"text":"70159474 - 2015 - Distributional patterns of arsenic concentrations in contaminant plumes offer clues to the source of arsenic in groundwater at landfills","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T15:42:37","indexId":"70159474","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3249,"text":"Remediation Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distributional patterns of arsenic concentrations in contaminant plumes offer clues to the source of arsenic in groundwater at landfills","docAbstract":"<p>The distributional pattern of dissolved arsenic concentrations from landfill plumes can provide clues to the source of arsenic contamination. Under simple idealized conditions, arsenic concentrations along flow paths in aquifers proximal to a landfill will decrease under anthropogenic sources but potentially increase under in situ sources. This paper presents several conceptual distributional patterns of arsenic in groundwater based on the arsenic source under idealized conditions. An example of advanced subsurface mapping of dissolved arsenic with geophysical surveys, chemical monitoring, and redox fingerprinting is presented for a landfill site in New Hampshire with a complex flow pattern. Tools to assist in the mapping of arsenic in groundwater ultimately provide information on the source of contamination. Once an understanding of the arsenic contamination is achieved, appropriate remedial strategies can then be formulated.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rem.21378","usgsCitation":"Harte, P.T., 2015, Distributional patterns of arsenic concentrations in contaminant plumes offer clues to the source of arsenic in groundwater at landfills: Remediation Journal, v. 24, no. 1, p. 69-75, https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21378.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"75","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050607","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310977,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5639e8bfe4b0d6133fe732e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70192553,"text":"70192553 - 2015 - Application and utility of a low-cost unmanned aerial system to manage and conserve aquatic resources in four Texas rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:39:43","indexId":"70192553","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3909,"text":"Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application and utility of a low-cost unmanned aerial system to manage and conserve aquatic resources in four Texas rivers","docAbstract":"<p> Low-cost unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have recently gained increasing attention in natural resources management due to their versatility and demonstrated utility in collection of high-resolution, temporally-specific geospatial data. This study applied low-cost UAS to support the geospatial data needs of aquatic resources management projects in four Texas rivers. Specifically, a UAS was used to (1) map invasive salt cedar (multiple species in the genus Tamarix) that have degraded instream habitat conditions in the Pease River, (2) map instream meso-habitats and structural habitat features (e.g., boulders, woody debris) in the South Llano River as a baseline prior to watershed-scale habitat improvements, (3) map enduring pools in the Blanco River during drought conditions to guide smallmouth bass removal efforts, and (4) quantify river use by anglers in the Guadalupe River. These four case studies represent an initial step toward assessing the full range of UAS applications in aquatic resources management, including their ability to offer potential cost savings, time efficiencies, and higher quality data over traditional survey methods.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Birdsong, T.W., Bean, M., Grabowski, T.B., Hardy, T., Heard, T., Holdstock, D., Kollaus, K., Magnelia, S.J., and Tolman, K., 2015, Application and utility of a low-cost unmanned aerial system to manage and conserve aquatic resources in four Texas rivers: Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 2015, p. 80-85.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"80","endPage":"85","ipdsId":"IP-061429","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347450,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/journal/?id=91"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","volume":"2015","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb8be4b09af898c8ccf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Birdsong, Timothy W.","contributorId":172473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Birdsong","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bean, Megan","contributorId":198471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bean","given":"Megan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hardy, Thomas B.","contributorId":62936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"Thomas B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heard, Thomas","contributorId":198472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heard","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Holdstock, Derrick","contributorId":198473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holdstock","given":"Derrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kollaus, Kristy","contributorId":198474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kollaus","given":"Kristy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Magnelia, Stephan J.","contributorId":172959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Magnelia","given":"Stephan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tolman, Kristina","contributorId":198475,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tolman","given":"Kristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70148542,"text":"70148542 - 2015 - Towards sustainable management of huntable migratory waterbirds in Europe","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T14:29:37","indexId":"70148542","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Towards sustainable management of huntable migratory waterbirds in Europe","docAbstract":"<p>The EU Birds Directive and the African-Eurasian Waterbird Agreement provide an adequate legal framework for sustainable management of migratory waterbird populations. The main shortcoming of both instruments is that it leaves harvest decisions of a shared resource to individual Member States and Contracting Parties without providing a shared information base and mechanism to assess the impact of harvest and coordinate actions in relation to mutually agreed objectives. </p><p>A recent update of the conservation status of waterbirds in the EU shows that almost half of the populations of species listed on Annex II of the Birds Directive have a declining short-term trend and over half of them are listed in Columns A and B of AEWA. This implies that their hunting could either only continue under the framework of an adaptive harvest management plan or their hunting should be regulated with the view of restoring them in favourable conservation status. </p><p>We argue that a structured approach to decision-making (such as adaptive management) is needed, supported with adequate organisational structures at flyway scale. We review the experience with such an approach in North America and assess the applicability of a similar approach in the European context. We show there is no technical reason why adaptive harvest management could be not applied in the EU or even AEWA context. </p><p>We demonstrate that an informed approach to setting allowable harvests does not require detailed demographic information. Essential to the process, however, are estimates of either the observed growth rate from a monitoring program or the growth rate expected under ideal conditions. In addition, periodic estimates of population size are needed, as well as either empirical information or reasonable assumptions about the form of density dependence. We show that such information exists for many populations, but improvements are needed to improve geographic coverage, reliability and timely data availability. </p><p>We highlight the importance of the International Waterbird Census and specialised goose and seaduck monitoring in estimating population sizes and observed growth rate of the populations. We encourage further investments into the development of these schemes. We also recognise the importance of migration studies to improve our understanding of delineations of populations. We also highlight that, with a few exceptions, the available data does not allow the European Commission, competent authorities of the Members States or other AEWA Contracting Parties to assess levels of harvest and their sustainability and, therefore, regulate hunting accordingly. Therefore, we recommend that annual reporting on 2 harvest levels of waterbird populations would be gradually introduced in the EU and the AEWA region. We propose that future AEWA and EU action plans and management plans for Annex II species should apply the principles of adaptive harvest management framework and make provisions for setting up adequate monitoring and information management systems and organisational structures to manage the decision-making process. We suggest that internationally coordinated management structures are established to facilitate dialogue, learning and communication between stakeholders with different interests and cultural backgrounds.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wetlands International","usgsCitation":"Madsen, J., Guillemain, M., Nagy, S., Defos du Rau, P., Mondain-Monval, J., Griffin, C., Williams, J.H., Bunnefeld, N., Czajkowski, A., Hearn, R., Grauer, A., Alhainen, M., Middleton, A., and Johnson, F.A., 2015, Towards sustainable management of huntable migratory waterbirds in Europe, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"43","ipdsId":"IP-062697","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":301146,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Munchen","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Alhainen, Mikko","contributorId":141140,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alhainen","given":"Mikko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13690,"text":"Finnish Wildlife Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Middleton, Angus","contributorId":141141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"Angus","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13691,"text":"Namibia Nature Foundation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":548535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Johnson, Fred A. 0000-0002-5854-3695 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,{"id":70191648,"text":"70191648 - 2015 - Shortnose sturgeon in the Gulf of Maine: Use of spawning habitat in the Kennebec System and response to dam removal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-17T15:42:35","indexId":"70191648","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shortnose sturgeon in the Gulf of Maine: Use of spawning habitat in the Kennebec System and response to dam removal","docAbstract":"<p><span>Evidence has become available in this century indicating that populations of the endangered Shortnose Sturgeon&nbsp;</span><i>Acipenser brevirostrum</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>migrate outside their natal river systems, but the full extent and functional basis of these migrations are not well understood. Between 2007 and 2013, 40 Shortnose Sturgeon captured and tagged in four Gulf of Maine river systems migrated long distances in coastal waters to reach the Kennebec System where their movements were logged by an acoustic receiver array. Twenty-one (20%) of 104 Shortnose Sturgeon tagged in the Penobscot River, two (50%) of four tagged in the Kennebec System, one (50%) of two tagged in the Saco River, and 16 (37%) of 43 tagged in the Merrimack River moved to a previously identified spawning site or historical spawning habitat in the Kennebec System in spring. Most (65%) moved in early spring from the tagging location directly to a spawning site in the Kennebec System, whereas the rest moved primarily in the fall from the tagging location to a wintering site in that system and moved to a spawning site the following spring. Spawning was inferred from the location, behavior, and sexual status of the fish and from season, water temperature, and discharge, and was confirmed by the capture of larvae in some years. Tagged fish went to a known spawning area in the upper Kennebec Estuary (16 events) or the Androscoggin Estuary (14 events), an historical spawning habitat in the restored Kennebec River (8 events), or two spawning areas in a single year (7 events). We have provided the first evidence indicating that Shortnose Sturgeon spawn in the restored Kennebec River in an historical habitat that became accessible in 1999 when Edwards Dam was removed, 162&nbsp;years after it was constructed. These results highlight the importance of the Kennebec System to Shortnose Sturgeon throughout the Gulf of Maine.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1037931","usgsCitation":"Wippelhauser, G.S., Zydlewski, G.B., Kieffer, M., Sulikowski, J., and Kinnison, M.T., 2015, Shortnose sturgeon in the Gulf of Maine: Use of spawning habitat in the Kennebec System and response to dam removal: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 4, p. 742-752, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1037931.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"752","ipdsId":"IP-058271","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -69.93896484375,\n              43.69369383336777\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.554443359375,\n              43.69369383336777\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.554443359375,\n              44.62761851676016\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.93896484375,\n              44.62761851676016\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.93896484375,\n              43.69369383336777\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e71694e4b05fe04cd331d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wippelhauser, Gail S.","contributorId":169680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wippelhauser","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25571,"text":"Maine Department of Marine Resources, Augusta, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Gayle B.","contributorId":169688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Gayle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kieffer, Micah 0000-0001-9310-018X mkieffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":2641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Micah","email":"mkieffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sulikowski, James","contributorId":197218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulikowski","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70148112,"text":"70148112 - 2015 - Evaluating the use of side-scan sonar for detecting freshwater mussel beds in turbid river environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-02T11:54:46","indexId":"70148112","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the use of side-scan sonar for detecting freshwater mussel beds in turbid river environments","docAbstract":"<p><span>Side-scan sonar is a valuable tool for mapping habitat features in many aquatic systems suggesting it may also be useful for locating sedentary biota. The objective of this study was to determine if side-scan sonar could be used to identify freshwater mussel (unionid) beds and the required environmental conditions. We used side-scan sonar to develop a series of mussel-bed reference images by placing mussel shells within homogenous areas of fine and coarse substrates. We then used side-scan sonar to map a 32-km river reach during spring and summer. Using our mussel-bed reference images, several river locations were identified where mussel beds appeared to exist in the scanned images and we chose a subset of sites (</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic\">n</i><span>&nbsp;=&nbsp;17) for field validation. The validation confirmed that ~60% of the sites had mussel beds and ~80% had some mussels or shells present. Water depth was significantly related to our ability to predict mussel-bed locations: predictive ability was greatest at depths of 1&ndash;2&nbsp;m, but decreased in water &gt;2-m deep. We determined side-scan sonar is an effective tool for preliminary assessments of mussel presence during times when they are located at or above the substrate surface and in relatively fine substrates excluding fine silt.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/s10750-014-2017-z","usgsCitation":"Powers, J., Brewer, S.K., Long, J.M., and Campbell, T., 2015, Evaluating the use of side-scan sonar for detecting freshwater mussel beds in turbid river environments: Hydrobiologia, v. 743, no. 1, p. 127-137, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-2017-z.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"127","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056672","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300979,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70185008,"text":"70185008 - 2015 - Mobilization of microspheres from a fractured soil during intermittent infiltration events","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-04T16:04:40","indexId":"70185008","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mobilization of microspheres from a fractured soil during intermittent infiltration events","docAbstract":"<p>Pathogens or biocolloids mobilized in the vadose zone may consequently contaminate groundwater. We found that microspheres were mobilized from a fractured soil during intermittent rainfall and the mobilization was greater when the microsphere size was larger and when the soil had greater water permeability.</p><p>The vadose zone filters pathogenic microbes from infiltrating water and consequently protects the groundwater from possible contamination. In some cases, however, the deposited microbes may be mobilized during rainfall and migrate into the groundwater. We examined the mobilization of microspheres, surrogates for microbes, in an intact core of a fractured soil by intermittent simulated rainfall. Fluorescent polystyrene microspheres of two sizes (0.5 and 1.8 mm) and Br<sup>−</sup> were first applied to the core to deposit the microspheres, and then the core was subjected to three intermittent infiltration events to mobilize the deposited microspheres. Collecting effluent samples through a 19-port sampler at the base of the core, we found that water flowed through only five ports, and the flow rates varied among the ports by a factor of 12. These results suggest that flow paths leading to the ports had different permeabilities, partly due to macropores. Although 40 to 69% of injected microspheres were retained in the core during their application, 12 to 30% of the retained microspheres were mobilized during three intermittent infiltration events. The extent of microsphere mobilization was greater in flow paths with greater permeability, which indicates that macropores could enhance colloid mobilization during intermittent infiltration events. In all ports, the 1.8-mm microspheres were mobilized to a greater extent than the 0.5-mm microspheres, suggesting that larger colloids are more likely to mobilize. These results are useful in assessing the potential of pathogen mobilization and colloid-facilitated transport of contaminants in the subsurface under natural infiltration events.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/vzj2014.05.0058","usgsCitation":"Mohanty, S., Bulicek, M., Metge, D.W., Harvey, R.W., Ryan, J.N., and Boehm, A., 2015, Mobilization of microspheres from a fractured soil during intermittent infiltration events: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 14, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.05.0058.","ipdsId":"IP-060563","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1582084","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":337644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ca52cfe4b0849ce97c86b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mohanty, Sanjay","contributorId":189137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohanty","given":"Sanjay","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bulicek, Mark","contributorId":189138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bulicek","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metge, David W. dwmetge@usgs.gov","contributorId":663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metge","given":"David","email":"dwmetge@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ryan, Joseph N.","contributorId":54290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":604,"text":"University of Colorado- Boulder","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":683945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boehm, Alexandria B.","contributorId":51616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boehm","given":"Alexandria B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70155925,"text":"70155925 - 2015 - 2013 Monitoring and tracking wet nitrogen deposition at Rocky Mountain National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:54:57","indexId":"70155925","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRSS/ARD/NRR—2015/997","title":"2013 Monitoring and tracking wet nitrogen deposition at Rocky Mountain National Park","docAbstract":"In 2004, multiple agencies including the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), the National Park Service (NPS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) met to address the effects and trends of nitrogen deposition and related air quality issues at Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP). These agencies signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to facilitate interagency coordination, calling the effort the “Rocky Mountain National Park Initiative.” After much collaboration, the MOU agencies (CDPHE, NPS, and U.S. EPA) issued the Nitrogen Deposition Reduction Plan (NDRP) in 2007, which was endorsed by the three agencies and the Colorado Air Quality Control Commission (AQCC). The NDRP and other related documents are available on the CDPHE website: http://www.colorado.gov/cdphe/rmnpinitiative.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to inform the MOU agencies, stakeholders, and the public about the status and trends of wet nitrogen deposition at RMNP\r\nthrough 2013. In addition to other types of evidence, the MOU agencies use the information provided in this annual report to determine interim milestone achievements.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Morris, K., Mast, M.A., Clow, D.W., Wetherbee, G.A., Baron, J., Taipale, C., Blett, T., Gay, D., and Bowker, D., 2015, 2013 Monitoring and tracking wet nitrogen deposition at Rocky Mountain National Park: Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/ARD/NRR—2015/997, v, 32 p.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"41","ipdsId":"IP-065590","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306277,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2223313"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d443e4b0f2e20545e425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morris, Kristi","contributorId":45197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Kristi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wetherbee, Gregory A. 0000-0002-6720-2294 wetherbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6720-2294","contributorId":1044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetherbee","given":"Gregory","email":"wetherbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":143,"text":"Branch of Quality Systems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Baron, Jill 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":194124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taipale, Curt","contributorId":86237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taipale","given":"Curt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blett, Tamara","contributorId":61070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blett","given":"Tamara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Gay, David A.","contributorId":68022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gay","given":"David A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":566909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bowker, Daniel","contributorId":146263,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowker","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16654,"text":"Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecologyy Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70150434,"text":"70150434 - 2015 - Land use structures fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Tennessee River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T15:42:11","indexId":"70150434","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2681,"text":"Marine and Freshwater Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land use structures fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Tennessee River","docAbstract":"<p><span>Inputs of nutrients, sediments and detritus from catchments can promote selected components of reservoir fish assemblages, while hindering others. However, investigations linking these catchment subsidies to fish assemblages have generally focussed on one or a handful of species. Considering this paucity of community-level awareness, we sought to explore the association between land use and fish assemblage composition in reservoirs. To this end, we compared fish assemblages in reservoirs of two sub-basins of the Tennessee River representing differing intensities of agricultural development, and hypothesised that fish assemblage structure indicated by species percentage composition would differ among reservoirs in the two sub-basins. Using multivariate statistical analysis, we documented inter-basin differences in land use, reservoir productivity and fish assemblages, but no differences in reservoir morphometry or water regime. Basins were separated along a gradient of forested and non-forested catchment land cover, which was directly related to total nitrogen, total phosphorous and chlorophyll-</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;concentrations. Considering the extensive body of knowledge linking land use to aquatic systems, it is reasonable to postulate a hierarchical model in which productivity has direct links to terrestrial inputs, and fish assemblages have direct links to both land use and productivity. We observed a shift from an invertivore-based fish assemblage in forested catchments to a detritivore-based fish assemblage in agricultural catchments that may be a widespread pattern among reservoirs and other aquatic ecosystems.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/MF14188","usgsCitation":"Miranda, L.E., Bies, J.M., and Hann, D.A., 2015, Land use structures fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Tennessee River: Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 66, no. 6, p. 526-534, https://doi.org/10.1071/MF14188.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"526","endPage":"534","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057376","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":303097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River","volume":"66","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b8e4b0b6d21dd65961","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miranda, Leandro E. 0000-0002-2138-7924 smiranda@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2138-7924","contributorId":531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miranda","given":"Leandro","email":"smiranda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bies, J. M.","contributorId":144086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bies","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":558568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hann, D. A.","contributorId":144087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hann","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":558569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187156,"text":"70187156 - 2015 - A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:26:38","indexId":"70187156","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater–surface-water (GW-SW) interactions in streams are difficult to quantify because of heterogeneity in hydraulic and reactive processes across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The challenge of quantifying these interactions has led to the development of several techniques, from centimeter-scale probes to whole-system tracers, including chemical, thermal, and electrical methods. We co-applied conservative and smart reactive solute-tracer tests, measurement of hydraulic heads, distributed temperature sensing, vertical profiles of solute tracer and temperature in the stream bed, and electrical resistivity imaging in a 450-m reach of a 3</span><sup>rd</sup><span>-order stream. GW-SW interactions were not spatially expansive, but were high in flux through a shallow hyporheic zone surrounding the reach. NaCl and resazurin tracers suggested different surface–subsurface exchange patterns in the upper ⅔ and lower ⅓ of the reach. Subsurface sampling of tracers and vertical thermal profiles quantified relatively high fluxes through a 10- to 20-cm deep hyporheic zone with chemical reactivity of the resazurin tracer indicated at 3-, 6-, and 9-cm sampling depths. Monitoring of hydraulic gradients along transects with MINIPOINT streambed samplers starting ∼40 m from the stream indicated that groundwater discharge prevented development of a larger hyporheic zone, which progressively decreased from the stream thalweg toward the banks. Distributed temperature sensing did not detect extensive inflow of ground water to the stream, and electrical resistivity imaging showed limited large-scale hyporheic exchange. We recommend choosing technique(s) based on: 1) clear definition of the questions to be addressed (physical, biological, or chemical processes), 2) explicit identification of the spatial and temporal scales to be covered and those required to provide an appropriate context for interpretation, and 3) maximizing generation of mechanistic understanding and reducing costs of implementing multiple techniques through collaborative research.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/679738","usgsCitation":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, R., Ward, A.S., Hatch, C.E., Wlostowski, A.N., Singha, K., Gooseff, M.N., Haggerty, R., Harvey, J., Cirpka, O., and Brock, J.T., 2015, A field comparison of multiple techniques to quantify groundwater - surface-water interactions: Freshwater Science, v. 34, no. 1, p. 139-160, https://doi.org/10.1086/679738.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"160","ipdsId":"IP-056028","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340387,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Shaver Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.9136872291565,\n              40.66452627825884\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.90873050689697,\n              40.66452627825884\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.90873050689697,\n              40.66735832184183\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9136872291565,\n              40.66735832184183\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.9136872291565,\n              40.66452627825884\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006064e4b0e85db3a5dde5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gonzalez-Pinzon, Ricardo","contributorId":191362,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gonzalez-Pinzon","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Adam S","contributorId":191363,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"S","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hatch, Christine E","contributorId":191364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hatch","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wlostowski, Adam N. 0000-0001-5703-9916","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-9916","contributorId":191365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wlostowski","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Singha, Kamini 0000-0002-0605-3774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3774","contributorId":191366,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singha","given":"Kamini","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":191367,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Haggerty, Roy","contributorId":191368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haggerty","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Harvey, Judson 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":140228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Cirpka, Olaf A","contributorId":191369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cirpka","given":"Olaf A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brock, James T","contributorId":191370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brock","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70191253,"text":"70191253 - 2015 - Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:01:00","indexId":"70191253","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting","docAbstract":"<p>Trace element and Os isotope data for Lisburne Group metalliferous black shales of Middle Mississippian (early Chesterian) age in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska suggest that metals were sourced chiefly from local seawater (including biogenic detritus) but also from externally derived hydrothermal fluids. These black shales are interbedded with phosphorites and limestones in sequences 3 to 35 m thick; deposition occurred mainly on a carbonate ramp during intermittent upwelling under varying redox conditions, from suboxic to anoxic to sulfidic. Deposition of the black shales at ~335 Ma was broadly contemporaneous with sulfide mineralization in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, which formed in a distal marginal basin.</p><p>Relative to the composition of average black shale, the metalliferous black shales (<i>n</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 29) display large average enrichment factors (&gt;10) for Zn (10.1), Cd (11.0), and Ag (20.1). Small enrichments (&gt;2–&lt;10) are shown by V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Pd, Pt, U, Se, Y, and all rare earth elements except Ce, Nd, and Sm. A detailed stratigraphic profile over 23 m in the Skimo Creek area (central Brooks Range) indicates that samples from at and near the top of the section, which accumulated during a period of major upwelling and is broadly correlative with the stratigraphic levels of the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, have the highest Zn/TOC (total organic carbon), Cu/TOC, and Tl/TOC ratios for calculated marine fractions (no detrital component) of these three metals.</p><p>Average authigenic (detrital-free) contents of Mo, V, U, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ge, Re, Se, As, Sb, Tl, Pd, and Au show enrichment factors of 4.3 × 10<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>to 1.2 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>relative to modern seawater. Such moderate enrichments, which are common in other metalliferous black shales, suggest wholly marine sources (seawater and biogenic material) for these metals, given similar trends for enrichment factors in organic-rich sediments of modern upwelling zones on the Namibian, Peruvian, and Chilean shelves. The largest enrichment factors for Zn and Ag are much higher (1.4 × 10<sup>7</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and 2.9 × 10<sup>7</sup>, respectively), consistent with an appreciable hydrothermal component. Other metals such as Cu, Pb, and Tl that are concentrated in several black shale samples, and are locally abundant in the Red Dog and Drenchwater Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, may have a partly hydrothermal origin but this cannot be fully established with the available data. Enrichments in Cr (up to 7.8 × 10<sup>6</sup>) are attributed to marine and not hydrothermal processes. The presence in some samples of large enrichments in Eu (up to 6.1 × 10<sup>7</sup>) relative to modern seawater and of small positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* up to 1.12) are considered unrelated to hydrothermal activity, instead being linked to early diagenetic processes within sulfidic pore fluids.</p><p>Initial Os isotope ratios (<sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os) calculated for a paleontologically based depositional age of 335 Ma reveal moderately unradiogenic values of 0.24 to 0.88 for four samples of metalliferous black shale. A proxy for the ratio of coeval early Chesterian seawater is provided by initial (<sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os)<sub>335 Ma</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios of four unaltered black shales of the coeval Kuna Formation that average 1.08, nearly identical to the initial ratio of 1.06 for modern seawater. Evaluation of possible sources of unradiogenic Os in the metalliferous black shales suggests that the most likely source was mafic igneous rocks that were leached by externally derived hydrothermal fluids. This unradiogenic Os is interpreted to have been leached by deeply circulating hydrothermal fluids in the Kuna basin, followed by venting of the fluids into overlying seawater.</p><p>We propose that metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids that formed Zn-Pb-Ag deposits such as Red Dog or Drenchwater vented into seawater in a marginal basin, were carried by upwelling currents onto the margins of a shallow-water carbonate platform, and were then deposited in organic-rich muds, together with seawater- and biogenically derived components, by syngenetic sedimentary processes. Metal concentration in the black shales was promoted by high biologic productivity, sorption onto organic matter, diffusion across redox boundaries, a low sedimentation rate, and availability of H<sub>2</sub>S in bottom waters and pore fluids.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.110.3.653","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Selby, D., and Dumoulin, J.A., 2015, Hydrothermal, biogenic, and seawater components in metalliferous black shales of the Brooks Range, Alaska: Synsedimentary metal enrichment in a carbonate ramp setting: Economic Geology, v. 110, no. 3, p. 653-675, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.110.3.653.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"653","endPage":"675","ipdsId":"IP-053916","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -167.2998046875,\n              66.87834504307976\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              66.87834504307976\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              71.71888229713917\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.2998046875,\n              71.71888229713917\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.2998046875,\n              66.87834504307976\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"110","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d3502ae4b05fe04cc34d73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Selby, David","contributorId":193460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Selby","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":711690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":711691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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