{"pageNumber":"521","pageRowStart":"13000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":69039,"records":[{"id":70135976,"text":"ofr20141255 - 2015 - Depth-dependent groundwater quality sampling at City of Tallahassee test well 32, Leon County, Florida, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T10:10:09","indexId":"ofr20141255","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-26T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1255","title":"Depth-dependent groundwater quality sampling at City of Tallahassee test well 32, Leon County, Florida, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Public-supply wells sometimes produce water of less than desirable quality because contaminants can migrate to the open interval of wells through preferential pathways. If these pathways can be identified, zones that produce poor quality water can be excluded during the well-construction process. The U.S. Geological Survey has developed geophysical testing methods that can be used to delineate zones of high permeability in test wells. Once the highly permeable zones are identified, water-quality data can be collected from each zone to identify whether any of the zones produce water of poor quality. The zones producing poor quality water can then be cased off in the final well design so that they do not contribute flow to the production well, reducing subsequent water-treatment costs.</p>\n<p>A test well was drilled by the City of Tallahassee to assess the suitability of the site for the installation of a new well for public water supply. The test well is in Leon County in north-central Florida. The U.S. Geological Survey delineated high-permeability zones in the Upper Floridan aquifer, using borehole-geophysical data collected from the open interval of the test well. A composite water sample was collected from the open interval during high-flow conditions, and three discrete water samples were collected from specified depth intervals within the test well during low-flow conditions. Water-quality, source tracer, and age-dating results indicate that the open interval of the test well produces water of consistently high quality throughout its length. The cavernous nature of the open interval makes it likely that the highly permeable zones are interconnected in the aquifer by secondary porosity features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141255","collaboration":"City of Tallahassee","usgsCitation":"McBride, W.S., and Wacker, M.A., 2015, Depth-dependent groundwater quality sampling at City of Tallahassee test well 32, Leon County, Florida, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1255, Report: vi, 13 p.; 2 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141255.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; 2 Appendices","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-059712","costCenters":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297511,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/"},{"id":297512,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/pdf/ofr2014-1255.pdf"},{"id":297516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141255.jpg"},{"id":297514,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/appendix/ofr2014-1255_appendix02.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"16.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-1255 Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Comparison of borehole image, geophysical, water quality, flowmeter, and sonic logs showing evidence of three productive intervals in the City of Tallahassee test well 32 at Leon County, Florida, December 2013. The full geophysical log is displayed at 1 to 12 scale."},{"id":297513,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1255/appendix/ofr2014-1255_appendix01.pdf","text":"Appendix 1","size":"3.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OF 2014-1255 Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Comparison of borehole image, geophysical, water quality, flowmeter, and sonic logs showing evidence of three productive intervals in the City of Tallahassee test well 32 at Leon County, Florida, December 2013. Only the data collected in the open interval of the test well are displayed at 1 to 96 scale."}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Leon County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              30.130875412002318\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              30.770159115784214\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85314941406249,\n              30.770159115784214\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.85314941406249,\n              30.130875412002318\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.825439453125,\n              30.130875412002318\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a65e4b08de9379b3037","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McBride, W. Scott wmcbride@usgs.gov","contributorId":1096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W.","email":"wmcbride@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wacker, Michael A. mwacker@usgs.gov","contributorId":2162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wacker","given":"Michael","email":"mwacker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70160443,"text":"70160443 - 2015 - Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:41:12","indexId":"70160443","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p><span>Karst aquifers are productive groundwater systems, supplying approximately 25 % of the world’s drinking water. Sustainable use of this critical water supply requires information about rates of recharge to karst aquifers. The overall goal of this project is to collect long-term, high-resolution hydrologic and geochemical datasets at James Cave, Virginia, to evaluate the quantity and quality of recharge to the karst system. To achieve this goal, the cave has been instrumented for continuous (10-min interval) measurement of the (1) temperature and rate of precipitation; (2) temperature, specific conductance, and rate of epikarst dripwater; (3) temperature of the cave air; and (4) temperature, conductivity, and discharge of the cave stream. Instrumentation has also been installed to collect both composite and grab samples of precipitation, soil water, the cave stream, and dripwater for geochemical analysis. This chapter provides detailed information about the instrumentation, data processing, and data management; shows examples of collected datasets; and discusses recommendations for other researchers interested in hydrologic and geochemical monitoring of cave systems. Results from the research, briefly described here and discussed in more detail in other publications, document a strong seasonality of the start of the recharge season, the extent of the recharge season, and the geochemistry of recharge.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in watershed science and assessment","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International Publishing","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8","usgsCitation":"Schreiber, M.E., Schwartz, B.F., Orndorff, W., Doctor, D.H., Eagle, S.D., and Gerst, J.D., 2015, Instrumenting caves to collect hydrologic and geochemical data: case study from James Cave, Virginia, chap. <i>of</i> Advances in watershed science and assessment, p. 205-231, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8.","productDescription":"27 p. ","startPage":"205","endPage":"231","ipdsId":"IP-060443","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328273,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312537,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-14212-8_8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"James Cave","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.73715209960938,\n              37.205175356202666\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.47210693359375,\n              37.28388730761434\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.36224365234375,\n              37.113240886048715\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.69869995117188,\n              37.05298514989097\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.73715209960938,\n              37.205175356202666\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b7e4b04836416a0dca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schreiber, Madeline E.","contributorId":138959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schreiber","given":"Madeline","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12594,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Benjamin F.","contributorId":150744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":18087,"text":"Texas State University, San Marcos","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, William","contributorId":150745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orndorff","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18088,"text":"Virginia Dept. of Conservation and Recreation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":582905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eagle, Sarah D.","contributorId":150746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eagle","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18089,"text":"Virginia Tech, Dept. of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gerst, Jonathan D.","contributorId":150747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":18089,"text":"Virginia Tech, Dept. of Geosciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":582910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70138920,"text":"70138920 - 2015 - Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T16:22:47","indexId":"70138920","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes","docAbstract":"<p><span>Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes are important drivers of change in streamflow. Assessing the impact of LULC and climate changes on streamflow is typically done with a calibrated and validated watershed model. However, there is a debate on the degree of calibration required. The objective of this study was to quantify the variation in estimated relative and absolute changes in streamflow associated with LULC and climate changes with different calibration approaches. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied in an uncalibrated (UC), single outlet calibrated (OC), and spatially-calibrated (SC) mode to compare the relative and absolute changes in streamflow at 14 gaging stations within the Santa Cruz River Watershed in southern Arizona, USA. For this purpose, the effect of 3 LULC, 3 precipitation (P), and 3 temperature (T) scenarios were tested individually. For the validation period, Percent Bias (PBIAS) values were &gt;100% with the UC model for all gages, the values were between 0% and 100% with the OC model and within 20% with the SC model. Changes in streamflow predicted with the UC and OC models were compared with those of the SC model. This approach implicitly assumes that the SC model is &ldquo;ideal&rdquo;. Results indicated that the magnitude of both absolute and relative changes in streamflow due to LULC predicted with the UC and OC results were different than those of the SC model. The magnitude of absolute changes predicted with the UC and SC models due to climate change (both P and T) were also significantly different, but were not different for OC and SC models. Results clearly indicated that relative changes due to climate change predicted with the UC and OC were not significantly different than that predicted with the SC models. This result suggests that it is important to calibrate the model spatially to analyze the effect of LULC change but not as important for analyzing the relative change in streamflow due to climate change. This study also indicated that model calibration in not necessary to determine the direction of change in streamflow due to LULC and climate change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.007","usgsCitation":"Niraula, R., Meixner, T., and Norman, L.M., 2015, Determining the importance of model calibration for forecasting absolute/relative changes in streamflow from LULC and climate changes: Journal of Hydrology, v. 522, p. 439-451, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.007.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"439","endPage":"451","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053331","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","otherGeospatial":"Santa Cruz River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.29150390625,\n              30.93992433102347\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29150390625,\n              33.22030778968541\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.852294921875,\n              33.22030778968541\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.852294921875,\n              30.93992433102347\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.29150390625,\n              30.93992433102347\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"522","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a67e4b08de9379b303f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Niraula, Rewati","contributorId":100714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Niraula","given":"Rewati","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meixner, Thomas","contributorId":22653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meixner","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406 lnorman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura","email":"lnorman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70133838,"text":"sir20145199 - 2015 - Occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, diatoms, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Lake Maxinkuckee, northern Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T12:52:37","indexId":"sir20145199","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5199","title":"Occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, diatoms, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Lake Maxinkuckee, northern Indiana","docAbstract":"<p>Bottom-sediment cores collected in 2013 were used to investigate the recent and predevelopment (pre-1863) occurrence of selected nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), carbon, 39 trace elements, diatoms, cyanobacterial akinetes, and 3 radionuclides in the bottom sediment of Lake Maxinkuckee, a kettle lake in northern Indiana. Total nitrogen concentrations in the recent sediment (since about 1970) were variable with no consistent trend indicated. Total phosphorus concentrations in the recent sediment generally were uniform from about 1970 to about 2000 and indicated consistent inputs to the lake during that time. Subsequently, the history of total phosphorus deposition apparently was obscured by postdepositional upward diffusion.</p>\n<p>Trace-element concentrations in the bottom sediment of Lake Maxinkuckee generally were not cause for concern. Elevated concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc in the recent sediment, compared to the predevelopment sediment, indicated likely human-related contamination; however, the trace-element concentrations were less than probable-effects guidelines (available for nine trace elements), which represent the concentrations above which toxic aquatic biological effects usually or frequently occur. Arsenic concentrations typically exceeded the threshold-effects guideline, which represents the concentration above which toxic aquatic biological effects occasionally occur, in the recent and predevelopment sediment. The arsenic likely originated from natural sources. Lead concentrations historically exceeded the threshold-effects guideline, but since had decreased below it in the recent sediment at most coring sites. The decreasing trend likely was indicative of the effect of the phase out of leaded gasoline.</p>\n<p>Biological indicators in the bottom sediment provided evidence for an improving, or at least not worsening, lake trophic condition. The occurrence of multiple diatom species, none of which were overwhelmingly dominant, was indicative of a minimally contaminated lake ecosystem. The combined evidence of several diatom species in the recent sediment indicated that the lake had not become more productive in recent decades. The combined evidence provided by akinetes for three cyanobacterial genera in the recent and predevelopment sediment indicated similar nutrient conditions in the lake during the past 40 years and possibly back to at least the mid-1800s.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145199","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lake Maxinkuckee Environmental Council and the Marshall County Soil and Water Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., 2015, Occurrence and trends of selected nutrients, other chemical constituents, diatoms, and cyanobacteria in bottom sediment, Lake Maxinkuckee, northern Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5199, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145199.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056253","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297483,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5199/pdf/sir2014-5199.pdf","size":"2.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297482,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5199/"},{"id":297484,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145199.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"Lake Maxinkuckee","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -86.46703720092773,\n              41.15823676517274\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.46703720092773,\n              41.234962120899176\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.33708953857422,\n              41.234962120899176\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.33708953857422,\n              41.15823676517274\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.46703720092773,\n              41.15823676517274\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a9ee4b08de9379b3142","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70141794,"text":"70141794 - 2015 - Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T14:29:19.223252","indexId":"70141794","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding landscape responses to sediment supply changes constitutes a fundamental part of many problems in geomorphology, but opportunities to study such processes at field scales are rare. The phased removal of two large dams on the Elwha River, Washington, exposed 21&nbsp;&plusmn;&nbsp;3&nbsp;million&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>, or ~&nbsp;30&nbsp;million&nbsp;tonnes (t), of sediment that had been deposited in the two former reservoirs, allowing a comprehensive investigation of watershed and coastal responses to a substantial increase in sediment supply. Here we provide a source-to-sink sediment budget of this sediment release during the first two years of the project (September 2011&ndash;September 2013) and synthesize the geomorphic changes that occurred to downstream fluvial and coastal landforms. Owing to the phased removal of each dam, the release of sediment to the river was a function of the amount of dam structure removed, the progradation of reservoir delta sediments, exposure of more cohesive lakebed sediment, and the hydrologic conditions of the river. The greatest downstream geomorphic effects were observed after water bodies of both reservoirs were fully drained and fine (silt and clay) and coarse (sand and gravel) sediments were spilling past the former dam sites. After both dams were spilling fine and coarse sediments, river suspended-sediment concentrations were commonly several thousand mg/L with ~&nbsp;50% sand during moderate and high river flow. At the same time, a sand and gravel sediment wave dispersed down the river channel, filling channel pools and floodplain channels, aggrading much of the river channel by ~&nbsp;1&nbsp;m, reducing river channel sediment grain sizes by ~&nbsp;16-fold, and depositing ~&nbsp;2.2&nbsp;million&nbsp;m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;of sand and gravel on the seafloor offshore of the river mouth. The total sediment budget during the first two years revealed that the vast majority (~&nbsp;90%) of the sediment released from the former reservoirs to the river passed through the fluvial system and was discharged to the coastal waters, where slightly less than half of the sediment was deposited in the river-mouth delta. Although most of the measured fluvial and coastal deposition was sand-sized and coarser (&gt;&nbsp;0.063&nbsp;mm), significant mud deposition was observed in and around the mainstem river channel and on the seafloor. Woody debris, ranging from millimeter-size particles to old-growth trees and stumps, was also introduced to fluvial and coastal landforms during the dam removals. At the end of our two-year study, Elwha Dam was completely removed, Glines Canyon Dam had been 75% removed (full removal was completed 2014), and ~&nbsp;65% of the combined reservoir sediment masses&mdash;including ~&nbsp;8&nbsp;Mt of fine-grained and ~&nbsp;12&nbsp;Mt of coarse-grained sediment&mdash;remained within the former reservoirs. Reservoir sediment will continue to be released to the Elwha River following our two-year study owing to a ~&nbsp;16&nbsp;m base level drop during the final removal of Glines Canyon Dam and to erosion from floods with larger magnitudes than occurred during our study. Comparisons with a geomorphic synthesis of small dam removals suggest that the rate of sediment erosion as a percent of storage was greater in the Elwha River during the first two years of the project than in the other systems. Comparisons with other Pacific Northwest dam removals suggest that these steep, high-energy rivers have enough stream power to export volumes of sediment deposited over several decades in only months to a few years. These results should assist with predicting and characterizing landscape responses to future dam removals and other perturbations to fluvial and coastal sediment budgets.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Bountry, J.A., East, A., Magirl, C.S., Randle, T.J., Gelfenbaum, G.R., Ritchie, A.C., Pess, G.R., Leung, V., and Duda, J., 2015, Large-scale dam removal on the Elwha River, Washington, USA: source-to-sink sediment budget and synthesis: Geomorphology, v. 246, no. 1, p. 729-750, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.01.010.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"750","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059114","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298085,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Elwha River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.60580444335938,\n              47.923704717745686\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.60580444335938,\n              48.16058943132621\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.51104736328125,\n              48.16058943132621\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.51104736328125,\n              47.923704717745686\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.60580444335938,\n              47.923704717745686\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"246","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54ec5d43e4b02d776a67daab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. 0000-0002-0205-3814 jwarrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-3814","contributorId":139314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bountry, Jennifer A.","contributorId":30114,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bountry","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"East, Amy E. aeast@usgs.gov","contributorId":2472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"Amy E.","email":"aeast@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Magirl, Christopher S. 0000-0002-9922-6549 magirl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9922-6549","contributorId":1822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magirl","given":"Christopher","email":"magirl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Randle, Timothy J.","contributorId":90994,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Randle","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7183,"text":"U.S. Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gelfenbaum, Guy R. 0000-0003-1291-6107 ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1291-6107","contributorId":742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gelfenbaum","given":"Guy","email":"ggelfenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ritchie, Andrew C. aritchie@usgs.gov","contributorId":4984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Andrew","email":"aritchie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Pess, George R.","contributorId":13501,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pess","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6578,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98112, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Leung, Vivian","contributorId":139406,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leung","given":"Vivian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":541105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Duda, Jeff J. jduda@usgs.gov","contributorId":139318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"Jeff J.","email":"jduda@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70138822,"text":"ofr20151011 - 2015 - Simulated runoff at many stream locations in the Methow River Basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T08:36:20","indexId":"ofr20151011","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-23T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1011","title":"Simulated runoff at many stream locations in the Methow River Basin, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>A collaborative Bureau of Reclamation-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team has been brought together to incorporate a conceptual geomorphic-habitat model with a process-based trophic model to understand the processes important to stream habitat for anadromous fish populations. The Methow River Basin was selected as a test basin for this hybrid geomorphic-habitat/trophic model, and one of the required model inputs is long-term daily runoff at reaches with potential habitat. Leveraging the existence of a watershed model that was constructed for the Methow River Basin by the USGS, the team approached the USGS at the Washington Water Science Center to resurrect the original model and to simulate runoff at many locations in the basin to test the trophic model. Thirteen new flow-routing sites were added to the model, creating a total of 61 sites in the basin where daily runoff was simulated and provided as output. The input file that contains observed meteorological data that drives the watershed model and observed runoff data for comparisons with simulated runoff was extended from water year 2001 to water year 2013 using data from 18 meteorological sites and 12 observed runoff sites. The watershed model included simulation of 16 irrigation diversions that simulated 50-percent water loss through canal seepage. Irrigation was simulated as a constant application of 0.2 inches per day to during the irrigation season, May 1&ndash;October 7.</p>\n<p>Comparisons of the simulated runoff with observed runoff at six selected long-term streamflow-gaging stations showed that the simulated annual runoff was within +15.4 to -9.6 percent of the annual observed runoff. The simulated runoff generally matched the seasonal flow patterns, with bias at some stations indicated by over-simulation of the October&ndash;November late autumn season and under-simulation of the snowmelt runoff months of May and June. Sixty-one time series of daily runoff for a 26-year period representative of the long-term runoff pattern, water years 1988&ndash;2013, were simulated and provided to the trophic modeling team.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., 2015, Simulated runoff at many stream locations in the Methow River Basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1011, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151011.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061500","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151011.JPG"},{"id":297470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1011/"},{"id":297471,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1011/pdf/ofr2015-1011.pdf","size":"4.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Methow River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.41015624999999,\n              47.67278567576541\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.41015624999999,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              49.001843917978526\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.14672851562499,\n              47.67278567576541\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.41015624999999,\n              47.67278567576541\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab3e4b08de9379b3190","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Mark C. 0000-0003-4018-7861 mcmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-7861","contributorId":1652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Mark","email":"mcmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70138745,"text":"70138745 - 2015 - Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T11:20:09","indexId":"70138745","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes","docAbstract":"<p>Beaded streams are widespread in permafrost regions and are considered a common thermokarst landform. However, little is known about their distribution, how and under what conditions they form, and how their intriguing morphology translates to ecosystem functions and habitat. Here we report on a Circum-Arctic survey of beaded streams and a watershed-scale analysis in northern Alaska using remote sensing and field studies. We mapped over 400 channel networks with beaded morphology throughout the continuous permafrost zone of northern Alaska, Canada, and Russia and found the highest abundance associated with medium- to high- ground ice content permafrost in moderately sloping terrain. In the Fish Creek watershed, beaded streams accounted for half of the drainage density, occurring primarily as low-order channels initiating from lakes and drained lake basins. Beaded streams predictably transition to alluvial channels with increasing drainage area and decreasing channel slope, although this transition is modified by local controls on water and sediment delivery. Comparison of one beaded channel using repeat photography between 1948 and 2013 indicate a relatively stable landform and 14C dating of basal sediments suggest channel formation may be as early as the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Contemporary processes, such as deep snow accumulation in riparian zones effectively insulates channel ice and allows for perennial liquid water below most beaded stream pools. Because of this, mean annual temperatures in pool beds are greater than 2&deg;C, leading to the development of perennial thaw bulbs or taliks underlying these thermokarst features. In the summer, some pools thermally stratify, which reduces permafrost thaw and maintains coldwater habitats. Snowmelt generated peak-flows decrease rapidly by two or more orders of magnitude to summer low flows with slow reach-scale velocity distributions ranging from 0.1 to 0.01 m/s, yet channel runs still move water rapidly between pools. The repeating spatial pattern associated with beaded stream morphology and hydrological dynamics may provide abundant and optimal foraging habitat for fish. Thus, beaded streams may create important ecosystem functions and habitat in many permafrost landscapes and their distribution and dynamics are only beginning to be recognized in Arctic research.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-12-29-2015","collaboration":"Christopher Arp; Guido Grosse; Ben Gaglioti, Matthew Whitman, Kurt Heim","usgsCitation":"Arp, C.D., Whitman, M.S., Jones, B.M., Grosse, G., Gaglioti, B.V., and Heim, K.C., 2015, Distribution and biophysical processes of beaded streams in Arctic permafrost landscapes: Biogeosciences, v. 12, p. 29-47, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"47","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051327","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472324,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-29-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297460,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.41015625,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.80078125,\n              70.4367988185464\n            ],\n            [\n              -141.15234374999997,\n              59.445075099047166\n            ],\n            [\n              -173.14453125,\n              51.28940590271679\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.41015625,\n              71.85622888185527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6de4b08de9379b3053","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arp, Christopher D.","contributorId":17330,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arp","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitman, Matthew S.","contributorId":67961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whitman","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7217,"text":"Bureau of Land Management","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grosse, Guido","contributorId":101475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grosse","given":"Guido","affiliations":[{"id":34291,"text":"University of Potsdam, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gaglioti, Benjamin V. 0000-0003-0591-5253 bgaglioti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5253","contributorId":4521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaglioti","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgaglioti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heim, Kurt C.","contributorId":138832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heim","given":"Kurt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70138812,"text":"70138812 - 2015 - Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:05:42","indexId":"70138812","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2845,"text":"Nature Geoscience","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets","docAbstract":"<p><span>Polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers, which cover roughly 11% of the Earth's land surface, store organic carbon from local and distant sources and then release it to downstream environments. Climate-driven changes to glacier runoff are expected to be larger than climate impacts on other components of the hydrological cycle, and may represent an important flux of organic carbon. A compilation of published data on dissolved organic carbon from glaciers across five continents reveals that mountain and polar glaciers represent a quantitatively important store of organic carbon. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the repository of most of the roughly 6 petagrams (Pg) of organic carbon stored in glacier ice, but the annual release of glacier organic carbon is dominated by mountain glaciers in the case of dissolved organic carbon and the Greenland Ice Sheet in the case of particulate organic carbon. Climate change contributes to these fluxes: approximately 13% of the annual flux of glacier dissolved organic carbon is a result of glacier mass loss. These losses are expected to accelerate, leading to a cumulative loss of roughly 15 teragrams (Tg) of glacial dissolved organic carbon by 2050 due to climate change &mdash; equivalent to about half of the annual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the Amazon River. Thus, glaciers constitute a key link between terrestrial and aquatic carbon fluxes, and will be of increasing importance in land-to-ocean fluxes of organic carbon in glacierized regions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/ngeo2331","usgsCitation":"Hood, E., Battin, T.J., Fellman, J., O’Neel, S., and Spencer, R., 2015, Storage and release of organic carbon from glaciers and ice sheets: Nature Geoscience, v. 8, p. 91-96, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2331.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"96","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055770","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/208595","text":"External Repository"},{"id":297456,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab8e4b08de9379b31a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hood, Eran","contributorId":106802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"Eran","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battin, Tom J.","contributorId":51661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battin","given":"Tom","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fellman, Jason","contributorId":138836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fellman","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":12538,"text":"Environmental Science and Geography Program, University of Alaska Southeast","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spencer, Robert G. M.","contributorId":28866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spencer","given":"Robert G. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70134502,"text":"sir20145216 - 2015 - Areas contributing recharge to production wells and effects of climate change on the groundwater system in the Chipuxet River and Chickasheen Brook Basins, Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T10:58:07","indexId":"sir20145216","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5216","title":"Areas contributing recharge to production wells and effects of climate change on the groundwater system in the Chipuxet River and Chickasheen Brook Basins, Rhode Island","docAbstract":"<p>The Chipuxet River and Chickasheen Brook Basins in southern Rhode Island are an important water resource for public and domestic supply, irrigation, recreation, and aquatic habitat. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Rhode Island Department of Health, began a study in 2012 as part of an effort to protect the source of water to six large-capacity production wells that supply drinking water and to increase understanding of how climate change might affect the water resources in the basins. Soil-water-balance and groundwater-flow models were developed to delineate the areas contributing recharge to the wells and to quantify the hydrologic response to climate change. Surficial deposits of glacial origin ranging from a few feet to more than 200 feet thick overlie bedrock in the 24.4-square mile study area. These deposits comprise a complex and productive aquifer system.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Simulated areas contributing recharge to the production wells covered a total area of 0.63 square miles for average well withdrawal rates from 2007 through 2011 (total rate of 583 gallons per minute). Simulated areas contributing recharge for the maximum well pumping capacities (total rate of 3,700 gallons per minute) covered a total area of 2.55 square miles. Most simulated areas contributing recharge extend upgradient of the wells to morainal and upland till deposits and to groundwater divides. Some simulated areas contributing recharge include small, isolated areas remote from the wells. Relatively short groundwater traveltimes from recharging locations to discharging wells indicated that the wells are vulnerable to contamination from land-surface activities; median traveltimes ranged from 3.5 to 8.6 years for the production wells examined, and 57 to 91 percent of the traveltimes were 10 years or less. Land cover in the areas contributing recharge includes a substantial amount of urban and agriculture land use for five wells adjacent to the Chipuxet River; for one well adjacent to a tributary stream, land use is less developed.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>The calibrated groundwater-flow model provided a single, best representation of the areas contributing recharge to a production well. The parameter variance-covariance matrix from model calibration was used to create parameter sets that reflect the uncertainty of the parameter estimates and the correlation among parameters to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the predicted contributing areas to the wells. A Monte Carlo analysis led to contributing areas expressed as a probability distribution that differed from a single deterministic contributing area. Because of the effects of parameter uncertainty, the size of the probabilistic contributing areas for both average and maximum pumping rates was larger than the size of the deterministic contributing areas for the wells. Thus, some areas not in the deterministic contributing area might actually be in the contributing area, including additional areas of urban and agricultural land use that has the potential to contaminate groundwater. Additional areas that might be in the contributing area included recharge originating near the pumping wells that have relatively short groundwater-flow paths and traveltimes. At the maximum pumping rates, areas associated with low probabilities extended long distances along groundwater divides in the uplands remote from the wells.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Climate projections for the Chipuxet River and Chickasheen Brook Basins from downscaled output from general circulation models indicate that mean annual temperature might increase by 4.7 degrees Fahrenheit and 8.0 degrees Fahrenheit by the late 21st century (2070&ndash;99) compared with the late 20th century (1970&ndash;99) under scenarios of lower and higher emissions of greenhouse gases, respectively. By the late 21st century, winter and spring precipitation is projected to increase by 12 to 17 percent, summer precipitation to increase by about the same as mean annual precipitation (8 percent), and fall precipitation to decrease by 5 percent for both emission scenarios compared with the late 20th century. Soil-water-balance simulations indicate that, although precipitation is expected to increase in three seasons, only in winter do precipitation increases exceed actual evapotranspiration increases. Recharge is projected to decrease in fall and generally change little in spring and summer. By the late 21st century, winter recharge is expected to increase by 13 percent for the lower emissions scenario and by 15 percent for the higher emissions scenario. In fall, recharge is projected to diminish by 13 percent for the lower emissions scenario and by 24 percent for the higher emissions scenario. Although recharge is projected to change seasonally in the 21st century, mean annual recharge changes minimally. Soil moisture is projected to decrease in the 21st century from spring through fall because of increases in potential evapotranspiration, and in fall because of decreases in precipitation in addition to increases in potential evapotranspiration. By the late 21st century, soil moisture for the lower emissions scenario is expected to decrease by 11 percent in summer and 15 percent in fall, and for the higher emissions scenario, decrease by 23 percent for both seasons. These decreases in soil moisture during the growing season might have implications for agriculture in the study area.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Predicted changes in the magnitude and seasonal distribution of recharge in the 21st century increase simulated base flows and groundwater levels in the winter months for both emission scenarios, but because of less recharge in the fall and less or about the same recharge in the preceding months of spring and summer, base flows and groundwater levels in the fall months decrease for both emission scenarios. October has the largest base flow and groundwater level decreases. By the late 21st century, base flows at the Chipuxet River in October are projected to decrease by 9 percent for the lower emissions scenario and 18 percent for the higher emissions scenario. For a headwater stream in the upland till with shorter groundwater-flow paths and lower storage properties in its drainage area, base flows in October are projected to diminish by 28 percent and 42 percent for the lower and higher emissions scenarios by the late 21st century. Groundwater level changes in the uplands show substantial decreases in fall, but because of the large storage capacity of stratified deposits, water levels change minimally in the valley. By the late 21st century, water levels in large areas of upland till deposits in October are projected to decrease by up to 2 feet for the lower emissions scenario, whereas large areas decrease by up to 5 feet, with small areas with decreases of as much as 10 feet, for the higher emissions scenario. For both emission scenarios, additional areas of till go dry in fall compared with the late 20th century. Thus projected changes in recharge in the 21st century might extend low flows and low water levels for the year later in fall and there might be more intermittent headwater streams compared with the late 20th century with corresponding implications to aquatic habitat. Finally, the size and location of the simulated areas contributing recharge to the production wells are minimally affected by climate change because mean annual recharge, which is used to determine the contributing areas to the production wells, is projected to change little in the 21st century.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145216","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Rhode Island Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Friesz, P.J., and Stone, J.R., 2015, Areas contributing recharge to production wells and effects of climate change on the groundwater system in the Chipuxet River and Chickasheen Brook Basins, Rhode Island: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5216, Report: ix, 56 p.; Plate; Figure: 11 inches x 17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145216.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 56 p.; Plate; Figure: 11 inches x 17 inches","numberOfPages":"70","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056729","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297455,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145216.jpg"},{"id":296961,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5216/","description":"Index Page"},{"id":297452,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5216/pdf/sir2014-5216.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.62 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297453,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5216/attachments/sir2014-5216_plate1_r.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"12.1 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Map showing surficial materials"},{"id":297454,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5216/attachments/sir2014-5216_fig03abc.pdf","text":"Figure 3","size":"890 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Figure 3","linkHelpText":"Cross sections A, A–A', B, B–B', and C, C–C' in the Chipuxet River and Chickasheen Brook Basins, Rhode Island."}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Chickasheen Brook, Chipuxet River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.817626953125,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.30126953124999,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.334228515625,\n              41.36031866306708\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.817626953125,\n              41.343824581185686\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.817626953125,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a56e4b08de9379b2fed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friesz, Paul J. 0000-0002-4660-2336 pfriesz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4660-2336","contributorId":1075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesz","given":"Paul","email":"pfriesz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stone, Janet Radway jrstone@usgs.gov","contributorId":1695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Janet","email":"jrstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Radway","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138821,"text":"70138821 - 2015 - Simulated big sagebrush regeneration supports predicted changes at the trailing and leading edges of distribution shifts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-22T10:46:53","indexId":"70138821","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1475,"text":"Ecosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulated big sagebrush regeneration supports predicted changes at the trailing and leading edges of distribution shifts","docAbstract":"<p>Many semi-arid plant communities in western North America are dominated by big sagebrush. These ecosystems are being reduced in extent and quality due to economic development, invasive species, and climate change. These pervasive modifications have generated concern about the long-term viability of sagebrush habitat and sagebrush-obligate wildlife species (notably greater sage-grouse), highlighting the need for better understanding of the future big sagebrush distribution, particularly at the species' range margins. These leading and trailing edges of potential climate-driven sagebrush distribution shifts are likely to be areas most sensitive to climate change. We used a process-based regeneration model for big sagebrush, which simulates potential germination and seedling survival in response to climatic and edaphic conditions and tested expectations about current and future regeneration responses at trailing and leading edges that were previously identified using traditional species distribution models. Our results confirmed expectations of increased probability of regeneration at the leading edge and decreased probability of regeneration at the trailing edge below current levels. Our simulations indicated that soil water dynamics at the leading edge became more similar to the typical seasonal ecohydrological conditions observed within the current range of big sagebrush ecosystems. At the trailing edge, an increased winter and spring dryness represented a departure from conditions typically supportive of big sagebrush. Our results highlighted that minimum and maximum daily temperatures as well as soil water recharge and summer dry periods are important constraints for big sagebrush regeneration. Overall, our results confirmed previous predictions, i.e., we see consistent changes in areas identified as trailing and leading edges; however, we also identified potential local refugia within the trailing edge, mostly at sites at higher elevation. Decreasing regeneration probability at the trailing edge underscores the Schlaepfer et al. Future regeneration potential of big sagebrush potential futility of efforts to preserve and/or restore big sagebrush in these areas. Conversely, increasing regeneration probability at the leading edge suggest a growing potential for conflicts in management goals between maintaining existing grasslands by preventing sagebrush expansion versus accepting a shift in plant community composition to sagebrush dominance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/ES14-00208.1","usgsCitation":"Schlaepfer, D., Taylor, K.A., Pennington, V.E., Nelson, K.N., Martin, T.E., Rottler, C.M., Lauenroth, W.K., and Bradford, J.B., 2015, Simulated big sagebrush regeneration supports predicted changes at the trailing and leading edges of distribution shifts: Ecosphere, v. 6, no. 1, art3: 31 p., https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00208.1.","productDescription":"art3: 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059615","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/es14-00208.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170.15625,\n              72.18180355624855\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.3984375,\n              5.61598581915534\n            ],\n            [\n              -52.3828125,\n              12.554563528593656\n            ],\n            [\n              -59.765625,\n              73.42842364106816\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.15625,\n              72.18180355624855\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab3e4b08de9379b318c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schlaepfer, Daniel R.","contributorId":105189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlaepfer","given":"Daniel R.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Kyle A.","contributorId":138849,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Kyle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pennington, Victoria E.","contributorId":138850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Kellen N.","contributorId":138851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kellen","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":12546,"text":"Univ of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071; Univ of WY, Program in Ecology, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Martin, Trace E.","contributorId":138852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Martin","given":"Trace","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rottler, Caitlin M.","contributorId":138853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rottler","given":"Caitlin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12546,"text":"Univ of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071; Univ of WY, Program in Ecology, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071 USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lauenroth, William K.","contributorId":80982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lauenroth","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7098,"text":"University of Wyoming, Department of Botany, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70169887,"text":"70169887 - 2015 - Late Quaternary slip history of the Mill Creek strand of the San Andreas fault in San Gorgonio Pass, southern California: The role of a subsidiary left-lateral fault in strand switching","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-29T10:14:07","indexId":"70169887","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-22T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Quaternary slip history of the Mill Creek strand of the San Andreas fault in San Gorgonio Pass, southern California: The role of a subsidiary left-lateral fault in strand switching","docAbstract":"<p><span>The fault history of the Mill Creek strand of the San Andreas fault (SAF) in the San Gorgonio Pass region, along with the reconstructed geomorphology surrounding this fault strand, reveals the important role of the left-lateral Pinto Mountain fault in the regional fault strand switching. The Mill Creek strand has 7.1&ndash;8.7 km total slip. Following this displacement, the Pinto Mountain fault offset the Mill Creek strand 1&ndash;1.25 km, as SAF slip transferred to the San Bernardino, Banning, and Garnet Hill strands. An alluvial complex within the Mission Creek watershed can be linked to palinspastic reconstruction of drainage segments to constrain slip history of the Mill Creek strand. We investigated surface remnants through detailed geologic mapping, morphometric and stratigraphic analysis, geochronology, and pedogenic analysis. The degree of soil development constrains the duration of surface stability when correlated to other regional, independently dated pedons. This correlation indicates that the oldest surfaces are significantly older than 500 ka. Luminescence dates of 106 ka and 95 ka from (respectively) 5 and 4 m beneath a younger fan surface are consistent with age estimates based on soil-profile development. Offset of the Mill Creek strand by the Pinto Mountain fault suggests a short-term slip rate of &sim;10&ndash;12.5 mm/yr for the Pinto Mountain fault, and a lower long-term slip rate. Uplift of the Yucaipa Ridge block during the period of Mill Creek strand activity is consistent with thermochronologic modeled uplift estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1130/B31101.1","usgsCitation":"Kendrick, K.J., Matti, J.C., and Mahan, S.A., 2015, Late Quaternary slip history of the Mill Creek strand of the San Andreas fault in San Gorgonio Pass, southern California: The role of a subsidiary left-lateral fault in strand switching: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 127, no. 5-6, p. 825-849, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31101.1.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"825","endPage":"849","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049289","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"5-6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56fba7afe4b0a6037df1a15d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861 kendrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":2716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"kendrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. 0000-0001-5961-9869 jmatti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-9869","contributorId":167192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":625463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70117861,"text":"cir1360 - 2015 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T13:48:46.564157","indexId":"cir1360","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1360","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991-2010","docAbstract":"<p><span>About 130 million people in the United States rely on groundwater for drinking water, and the need for high-quality drinking-water supplies becomes more urgent as our population grows. Although groundwater is a safe, reliable source of drinking water for millions of people nationwide, high concentrations of some chemical constituents can pose potential human-health concerns. Some of these contaminants come from the rocks and sediments of the aquifers themselves, and others are chemicals that we use in agriculture, industry, and day-to-day life. When groundwater supplies are contaminated, millions of dollars can be required for treatment so that the supplies can be usable. Contaminants in groundwater can also affect the health of our streams and valuable coastal waters. By knowing where contaminants occur in groundwater, what factors control contaminant concentrations, and what kinds of changes in groundwater quality might be expected in the future, we can ensure the availability and quality of this vital natural resource in the future.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1360","usgsCitation":"DeSimone, L., McMahon, P.B., and Rosen, M.R., 2015, The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1360, Report: vi, 150 p.; 4 Appendices; Data archive, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1360.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 150 p.; 4 Appendices; Data archive","numberOfPages":"161","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1991-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-022589","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297415,"rank":7,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1360.jpg"},{"id":297392,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1360/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297406,"rank":5,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1360/pdf/circ1360report.pdf","size":"120.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297408,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1360/appendixes/circ1360appendix1-3.xlsx","text":"Appendices 1-3","size":"282 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendices 1-3","linkHelpText":"Appendix 1. Water-quality constituents included in this study.  Appendix 2. Frequency of contaminant concentrations that exceeded human-health benchmarks and non-health guidelines in Principal Aquifers.  Appendix 3, Table A3–A. Pesticides detected at any concentration.  Appendix 3, Table A3–B. Pesticides detected at concentrations greater than 0.1 microgram per liter.  Appendix 3, Table A3–C. VOCs detected at any concentration.  Appendix 3, Table A3–D. VOCs detected at concentrations greater than 0.2 microgram per liter"},{"id":297410,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1360/appendixes/circ1360archivedata.zip","text":"Data archive","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"},"description":"Data archive"},{"id":297407,"rank":1,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1360/pdf/circ1360reportoptimized.pdf","text":"Report low resolution","size":"69.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report low resolution"},{"id":297409,"rank":2,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1360/appendixes/circ1360appendix4.pdf","text":"Appendix 4","size":"2.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 4"},{"id":503642,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101443.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":70138597,"text":"cir1352 - 2015 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:55:12.458109","indexId":"cir1352","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1352","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The glacial aquifer system underlies much of the northern United States. About one-sixth (41 million people) of the United States population relies on the glacial aquifer system for drinking water. The primary importance of the glacial aquifer system is as a source of water for public supply to the population centers in the region, but the aquifer system also provides drinking water for domestic use to individual homes and small communities in rural areas. Withdrawals from this aquifer system for public supply are the largest in the Nation and play a key role in the economic development of parts of 26 States. Corn production has increased in the central part of the aquifer system over the last 10 years, and the increased production increases the need for water for agricultural use and the need for increased use of agrochemicals. Additionally, the steady increase in population (15 million people over the last 40 years) in urban and rural areas is resulting in an increased reliance on the glacial aquifer system for high-quality drinking water. The need to monitor, understand, and maintain the water quality of this valuable economic resource continues to grow.</p>\n<h4><strong>Major Findings</strong></h4>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>Contaminants from geologic source&mdash;in particular arsenic and manganese&mdash;in groundwater used for drinking are a potential concern for human health</li>\n<li>Concentrations of nitrate and pesticides in groundwater were low in fine-grained sediment even in areas of intensive agriculture</li>\n<li>Chloride concentrations in groundwater are increasing in urban areas</li>\n<li>&ldquo;Nuisance&rdquo; constituents in groundwater from the glacial aquifer system could limit groundwater use</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1352","usgsCitation":"Warner, K., and Ayotte, J., 2015, The quality of our Nation's waters: water quality in the glacial aquifer system, northern United States, 1993-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1352, Report: viii, 116 p.; Data archive, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1352.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 116 p.; Data Archive","numberOfPages":"128","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-022591","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1352/pdf/circ1352.pdf","size":"39.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297401,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1352.jpg"},{"id":297393,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1352/"},{"id":503633,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101244.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1352/appendix/circ1352datarchive.zip","text":"Data archive","size":"532 KB"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.71679687499999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.71679687499999,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.70898437499999,\n              49.32512199104001\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.70898437499999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.71679687499999,\n              37.23032838760387\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac2e4b08de9379b31e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warner, Kelly L. klwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Kelly L.","email":"klwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70138599,"text":"cir1355 - 2015 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer and overlying surficial aquifers, southeastern United States, 1993-2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:57:54.392359","indexId":"cir1355","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1355","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer and overlying surficial aquifers, southeastern United States, 1993-2010","docAbstract":"<p>About 10 million people rely on groundwater from the Upper Floridan and surficial aquifers for drinking water. The Upper Floridan aquifer also is of primary importance to the region as a source of water for irrigation and as a source of crystal clear water that discharges to springs and streams providing recreational and tourist destinations and unique aquatic habitats. The reliance of the region on the Upper Floridan aquifer for drinking water and for the tourism and agricultural economies highlights the importance of long-term management to sustain the availability and quality of these resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1355","usgsCitation":"Berndt, M., Katz, B.G., Kingsbury, J.A., and Crandall, C.A., 2015, The quality of our Nation's waters: water quality in the Upper Floridan aquifer and overlying surficial aquifers, southeastern United States, 1993-2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1355, Report: viii, 72 p.; Appendix 2, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1355.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 72 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2010-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-022594","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297429,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1355/pdf/circ1355.pdf","size":"22.9 MB"},{"id":297430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1355/appendix/circ1355appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"45 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Table A2–1. 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,{"id":70058502,"text":"cir1353 - 2015 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain surficial aquifer system, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and Virginia, 1988-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:56:22.361085","indexId":"cir1353","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1353","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain surficial aquifer system, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and Virginia, 1988-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The surficial aquifer system of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain is made up of unconfined aquifers that underlie most of the area. This aquifer system is a critical renewable source of drinking water and is the source of most flow to streams and of recharge to underlying confined aquifers. Millions of people rely on the surficial aquifer system for public and domestic water supply, in particular in the densely populated areas of Long Island, New York, and in southern New Jersey, but also in more rural areas. Because the aquifer sediments are permeable and the water table is shallow, the surficial aquifer system is vulnerable to contamination from chemicals that are applied to the land surface and carried into groundwater with infiltrating rainfall and snowfall.</p>\n<h4><strong>Major Findings</strong></h4>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>The quality of most groundwater produced for public and domestic water supply is suitable for drinking, although contaminants at concentrations greater than human-health benchmarks have been detected in some places</li>\n<li>Nitrate is one of the most widespread contaminants in groundwater</li>\n<li>Radium occurs commonly in groundwater as a result of the degradation of uranium and thorium minerals naturally present in aquifer sediments</li>\n<li>Chemicals in groundwater move slowly and can be detected in the environment for several decades after they enter the surficial aquifer system</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1353","usgsCitation":"Denver, J., Ator, S.W., Fischer, J., Harned, D.C., Schubert, C., and Szabo, Z., 2015, The quality of our Nation's waters: water quality in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain surficial aquifer system, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, and Virginia, 1988-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1353, Report: viii, 88 p.; Report low resolution; Appendix; Data archive, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1353.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 88 p.; Report low resolution; Appendix; Data Archive","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1988-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-022592","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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C.","contributorId":138822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schubert, Christopher 0000-0003-0705-3933 schubert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3933","contributorId":1243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schubert","given":"Christopher","email":"schubert@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment 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,{"id":70058101,"text":"cir1354 - 2015 - The quality of our nation's waters: Water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:57:04.17935","indexId":"cir1354","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1354","title":"The quality of our nation's waters: Water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009","docAbstract":"<p>The aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions underlie an area with a population of more than 40 million people in 10 states. The suburban and rural population is large, growing rapidly, and increasingly dependent on groundwater as a source of supply, with more than 550 million gallons per day withdrawn from domestic wells for household use. Water from some of these aquifers does not meet human-health benchmarks for drinking water for contaminants with geologic or human sources. Water from samples in crystalline- and siliciclastic-rock aquifers frequently exceeded standards for contaminants with geologic sources, and samples in carbonate-rock aquifers frequently exceeded standards for contaminants with human sources, most often nitrate and bacteria.</p>\n<h4><strong>Major Findings</strong></h4>\n<ul type=\"disc\">\n<li>Many contaminants in groundwater have geologic sources, but geochemical conditions control whether or not those contaminants dissolve and move through groundwater</li>\n<li>Concentrations of nitrate and bacteria&mdash;the main drinking-water contaminants with human sources&mdash;were high in carbonate-rock aquifers and frequently exceeded human-health benchmarks</li>\n<li>Large contributions of nitrate and phosphorus from groundwater to streams have a negative effect on ecological health of estuaries, such as the Chesapeake Bay and Albemarle-Pamlico Sound</li>\n</ul>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1354","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Zimmerman, T.M., Chapman, M.J., Cravotta, C.A., and Szabo, Z., 2015, The quality of our nation's waters: water quality in the Principal Aquifers of the Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions, eastern United States, 1993-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1354, Report: viii, 107 p.; Report low resolution; Appendix; Data archive, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1354.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 107 p.; Report low resolution; Appendix; Data Archive","numberOfPages":"120","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-022593","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297422,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1354/pdf/circ1354optimized.pdf","text":"Report low resolution","size":"53.75 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297424,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1354/appendix/circ1354archivedata.zip","text":"Data archive","size":"65 kB"},{"id":297425,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1354.jpg"},{"id":297386,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1354/"},{"id":297423,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1354/appendix/circ1354appendix3.pdf","text":"Appendix 3","size":"1.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"Table A3–1. Physical properties and constituents analyzed Table A3–2. Pesticides analyzed Table A3–3. 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,{"id":70056056,"text":"cir1356 - 2015 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Mississippi embayment-Texas coastal uplands aquifer system and Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south-central United States, 1994-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:58:37.080998","indexId":"cir1356","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1356","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Water quality in the Mississippi embayment-Texas coastal uplands aquifer system and Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south-central United States, 1994-2008","docAbstract":"<p><span>About 8 million people rely on groundwater from the Mississippi embayment&mdash;Texas coastal uplands aquifer system for drinking water. The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer also provides drinking water for domestic use in rural areas but is of primary importance to the region as a source of water for irrigation. Irrigation withdrawals from this aquifer are among the largest in the Nation and play a key role in the economy of the area, where annual crop sales total more than $7 billion. The reliance of the region on both aquifers for drinking water and irrigation highlights the importance of long-term management to sustain the availability and quality of these resources.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1356","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J.A., Barlow, J.R., Katz, B.G., Welch, H.L., Tollett, R.W., and Fahlquist, L.S., 2015, The quality of our Nation's waters: water quality in the Mississippi embayment-Texas coastal uplands aquifer system and Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, south-central United States, 1994-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1356, Report: viii, 72 p.; Appendix 3, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1356.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 72 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"84","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-022595","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503637,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101438.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297428,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1356.jpg"},{"id":297426,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1356/pdf/circ1356.pdf","size":"19.3 MB"},{"id":297391,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1356/"},{"id":297427,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1356/appendix/circ1356appendix3.xlsx","text":"Appendix 3","size":"49 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 3","linkHelpText":"Table A2–1. Water-quality properties and constituents analyzed. Table A3–2. 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,{"id":70058102,"text":"cir1359 - 2015 - The quality of our Nation's waters: Groundwater quality in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain basin-fill and basaltic-rock aquifers and the Hawaiian volcanic-rock aquifers, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii, 1993-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T16:53:49.060423","indexId":"cir1359","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1359","title":"The quality of our Nation's waters: Groundwater quality in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain basin-fill and basaltic-rock aquifers and the Hawaiian volcanic-rock aquifers, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii, 1993-2005","docAbstract":"<p>The Columbia Plateau, Snake River Plain, and Hawaii are large volcanic areas in the western United States and mid-Pacific ocean that contain extensive regional aquifers of a hard, gray, volcanic rock called basalt. 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Contaminants, such as nitrate, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds, associated with agricultural and urban activities, have adversely affected groundwater quality.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/cir1359","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., Hunt, C.D., Skinner, K.D., Frans, L.M., and Mahler, B., 2015, The quality of our Nation's waters: groundwater quality in the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain basin-fill and basaltic-rock aquifers and the Hawaiian volcanic-rock aquifers, Washington, Idaho, and Hawaii, 1993-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1359, Report: viii, 88 p.; Appendix; Archive data, https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1359.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 88 p.; Appendix; Archive Data","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-022598","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297400,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir1359.jpg"},{"id":297396,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1359/pdf/circ1359.pdf","text":"Report","size":"81.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297397,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1359/pdf/circ1359optimized.pdf","text":"Report low resolution","size":"30.58 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report low resolution"},{"id":297390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1359/"},{"id":297399,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1359/appendix/circ1359archivedata.zip","text":"Archive data","size":"121 KB","description":"Archive data"},{"id":503641,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101442.htm","text":"Oahu, Hawaii","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":503640,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_101441.htm","text":"Snake River Plain and Columbia basalt aquifers","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":297398,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1359/appendix/cir1359appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"32 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"Table A2–1. 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Locations where constituent concentrations exceeded human-health benchmarks.  Table A2–1. Water-quality properties and constituents analyzed. Table A2–2. Constituents with geologic sources. Table A2–3. Selected human-related constituents"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              42.032974332441405\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.0078125,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.45312499999999,\n              31.80289258670676\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ac0e4b08de9379b31d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, Angela P. 0000-0003-3909-1598 appaul@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1598","contributorId":2305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"Angela","email":"appaul@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bexfield, Laura M. 0000-0002-1789-654X bexfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1789-654X","contributorId":1273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bexfield","given":"Laura","email":"bexfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anning, David W. dwanning@usgs.gov","contributorId":432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anning","given":"David","email":"dwanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70120385,"text":"sir20145156 - 2015 - Hydrogeology of the Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Orange County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-21T10:21:48","indexId":"sir20145156","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5156","title":"Hydrogeology of the Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Orange County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology of the valley-fill aquifer system and surrounding watershed areas was investigated within a 23-mile long, fault-controlled valley in eastern Orange County, New York. Glacial deposits form a divide within the valley that is drained to the north by Woodbury Creek and is drained to the south by the Ramapo River. Surficial geology, extent and saturated thickness of sand and gravel aquifers, extent of confining units, bedrock-surface elevation beneath valleys, major lineaments, and the locations of wells for which records are available were delineated on an interactive map.</p>\n<p>Currently (2013), groundwater is the primary source of water supply in the study area. Several public water-supply systems withdraw groundwater from production wells in valley areas; elsewhere, domestic wells are used for water supply. Community-supply wells tap both sand and gravel and fractured bedrock aquifers; most domestic wells tap fractured-bedrock aquifers.</p>\n<p>Thick, saturated sand and gravel deposits are limited in areal extent but form several localized, productive aquifer zones within the valley-fill sediments. Hydraulic interconnection among these zones is largely untested. Fine-grained lacustrine deposits form extensive confining units above some aquifer material. Till deposits that extend into valleys also confine sand and gravel or bedrock aquifers. The study area was divided into three sections&mdash;south, central, and north.</p>\n<p>The south section of the study area, from Harriman south to the Rockland County and New Jersey borders, includes the south-draining valleys of the Ramapo River and Summit Brook. South of the wide valley area at Harriman, the valleys are narrow and the valley-fill aquifers are largely untested; the most favorable aquifer conditions are likely at Arden and where major tributary streams enter the valley, between Southfields and We-Wah Lake. At Harriman, the Ramapo River valley fill has water-resource potential from ice-contact sand and gravel deposits.</p>\n<p>The central section of the study area encompasses the headwater drainage area of the Ramapo River, from Harriman to Monroe and Kiryas Joel. The valley-fill aquifer material is generally thin, mostly unconfined, and underlain by glacial till. Shallow production wells tap parts of this aquifer, and appear most productive when sited near surface-water bodies. Production wells in the section are frequently completed in the underlying bedrock.</p>\n<p>The north section of the study area encompasses the watershed of north-draining Woodbury Creek to just north of its confluence with Moodna Creek. The width of the valley bottom and type of valley-fill deposits vary considerably within the valley. The section likely has the greatest water-resource potential&mdash;both confined and unconfined aquifers are present and the village of Woodbury and town of Cornwall draw water supply from production wells. Aquifer potential appears most promising north of Central Valley, but several areas in this section are largely untested.</p>\n<p>Valley-fill aquifers are modest resources within the area, as indicated by the common practice of completing supply wells in the underlying bedrock rather than the overlying glacial deposits. Groundwater turbidity problems curtail use of the resource. However, additional groundwater resources have been identified by test drilling, and there are remaining untested areas. New groundwater supplies that stress localized aquifer areas will alter the groundwater flow system. Considerations include potential water-quality degradation from nearby land use(s) and, where withdrawals induce infiltration of surface-water, balancing withdrawals with flow requirements for downstream users or for maintenance of stream ecological health.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Heisig, P.M., 2015, Hydrogeology of the Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek valley-fill aquifer system and adjacent areas in eastern Orange County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5156, Report: vi, 23 p.; Appendixes 1-2; Plate: 34.0 x 44.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145156.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 23 p.; Appendixes 1-2; Plate: 34.0 x 44.0 inches","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050854","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145156.jpg"},{"id":297438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/pdf/sir2014-5156.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":297437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/"},{"id":297439,"rank":3,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/attachments/sir2014-5156_Appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"133 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Appendix 1","linkHelpText":"Well data for the Ramapo River - Woodbury Creek valley and adjacent uplands, eastern Orange County, New York"},{"id":297440,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/attachments/sir2014-5156_appendix2.pdf","text":"Appendix 2","size":"21.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Appendix 2","linkHelpText":"North-south longitudinal section along Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek valleys showing elevations of floodp lains, terraces, and other valley-bottom glacial features."},{"id":297441,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5156/plate.html","text":"Plate 1","size":"59.7 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Hydrogeology of the Ramapo River-Woodbury Creek Valley-Fill Aquifer System and Adjacent Areas in Eastern Orange County, New York"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Ramapo River, Woodbury Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.28680419921875,\n              41.13005574377673\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.28680419921875,\n              41.46228285189013\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.97369384765625,\n              41.46228285189013\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.97369384765625,\n              41.13005574377673\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.28680419921875,\n              41.13005574377673\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a86e4b08de9379b30cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heisig, Paul M. 0000-0003-0338-4970 pmheisig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-4970","contributorId":793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heisig","given":"Paul","email":"pmheisig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70140360,"text":"70140360 - 2015 - Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-26T15:53:33","indexId":"70140360","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2320,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding the controls on floodplain carbon (C) cycling is important for assessing greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for C sequestration in river-floodplain ecosystems. We hypothesized that greater hydrologic connectivity would increase C inputs to floodplains that would not only stimulate soil C gas emissions but also sequester more C in soils. In an urban Piedmont river (151&thinsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;watershed) with a floodplain that is dry most of the year, we quantified soil CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>, and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O net emissions along gradients of floodplain hydrologic connectivity, identified controls on soil aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and developed a floodplain soil C budget. Sites were chosen along a longitudinal river gradient and across lateral floodplain geomorphic units (levee, backswamp, and toe slope). CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions decreased downstream in backswamps and toe slopes and were high on the levees. CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;and N</span><sub>2</sub><span>O fluxes were near zero; however, CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>emissions were highest in the backswamp. Annual CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions correlated negatively with soil water-filled pore space and positively with variables related to drier, coarser soil. Conversely, annual CH</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;emissions had the opposite pattern of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. Spatial variation in aerobic and anaerobic respiration was thus controlled by oxygen availability but was not related to C inputs from sedimentation or vegetation. The annual mean soil CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;emission rate was 1091&thinsp;g&thinsp;C&thinsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&thinsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, the net sedimentation rate was 111&thinsp;g&thinsp;C&thinsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&thinsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, and the vegetation production rate was 240&thinsp;g&thinsp;C&thinsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&thinsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>, with a soil C balance (loss) of &minus;338&thinsp;g&thinsp;C&thinsp;m</span><sup>&minus;2</sup><span>&thinsp;yr</span><sup>&minus;1</sup><span>. This floodplain is losing C likely due to long-term drying from watershed urbanization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014JG002817","usgsCitation":"Batson, J., Noe, G.B., Hupp, C.R., Krauss, K.W., Rybicki, N.B., and Schenk, E.R., 2015, Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short-hydroperiod floodplain wetland: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, v. 120, no. 1, p. 77-95, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002817.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"95","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061690","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jg002817","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Difficult Run, Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.23560333251953,\n              38.9768594727967\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.23341464996338,\n              38.9756250535527\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.23637580871582,\n              38.97395688525248\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2638416290283,\n              38.97072052669015\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2873592376709,\n              38.96613265162267\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28907585144043,\n              38.966733263080755\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2746992111206,\n              38.9743906127907\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.2572112083435,\n              38.975191333574806\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.24978685379028,\n              38.97894459156479\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.23560333251953,\n              38.9768594727967\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ab5e4b08de9379b319c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batson, Jackie jbatson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batson","given":"Jackie","email":"jbatson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noe, Gregory B. gnoe@usgs.gov","contributorId":131138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rybicki, Nancy B. 0000-0002-2205-7927 nrybicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2205-7927","contributorId":2142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybicki","given":"Nancy","email":"nrybicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schenk, Edward R. 0000-0001-6886-5754 eschenk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-5754","contributorId":2183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schenk","given":"Edward","email":"eschenk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70193429,"text":"70193429 - 2015 - Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-23T07:00:58","indexId":"70193429","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5536,"text":"Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill","docAbstract":"<p>In March 1989, the T/V Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska and spilled an estimated 42 million liters of crude oil (Wolfe et al. 1994). This oil subsequently spread over more than 26,000 km2 of water surface in PWS and the Gulf of Alaska and landed on more than 1000 km of shoreline (Spies et al. 1996, Short et al. 2004; see Fig. 1 in Esler et al., this report). Initial consequences for wildlife were immediate and obvious, Mortalities due to oil in the weeks following the spill were estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands of marine birds (Piatt et al. 1990), several thousand sea otters (Garrott et al. 1993, Ballachey et al. 1994), significant proportions of resident (33%) and transient (41%) pods of killer whales (Matkin et al. 2008), and varying numbers of a wide assortment of other wildlife species. These levels of mortality are consistent with expectations, given the amount of oil spilled, the size of the oil-affected area, the abundance of wildlife in the area, and the known toxic and thermoregulatory consequences of exposure to oil, particularly in cold-water environments. Other effects of oil spills on wildlife, including chronic or indirect effects, were not fully understood, recognized, or anticipated at the time of the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) (Peterson et al. 2003, Rice 2009). Thanks in large part to settlement funds managed by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (EVOSTC), including that for Gulf Watch Alaska in recent years, a considerable body of research has addressed wildlife recovery from the spill. This has allowed for an unprecedented and thorough understanding of the timelines and mechanisms of population recovery following catastrophic spills. In this document, we review the timelines and processes of recovery of wildlife from the EVOS. We alsoconsider factors that result in variation in recovery times across species, and present recent data for two species that showed protracted recovery related to exposure from lingering oil, the sea otter (Enhydra lutris) and harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.007","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Bodkin, J.L., Ballachey, B.E., Monson, D., Kloecker, K.A., and Esslinger, G.G., 2015, Timelines and mechanisms of wildlife population recovery following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, p. 5-6-5-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5-6","endPage":"5-17","ipdsId":"IP-060491","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472328,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.04.007","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":350047,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Northern Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              57.27904276497778\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.72265625,\n              57.27904276497778\n            ],\n            [\n              -145.72265625,\n              62.1655019058381\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              62.1655019058381\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8955078125,\n              57.27904276497778\n            ]\n   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jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":196670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70174140,"text":"70174140 - 2015 - Sea otters in captivity: applications and implications of husbandry development, public display, scientific research and management, and rescue and rehabilitation for sea otter conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-28T15:48:08","indexId":"70174140","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sea otters in captivity: applications and implications of husbandry development, public display, scientific research and management, and rescue and rehabilitation for sea otter conservation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Studies of sea otters in captivity began in 1932, producing important insights for conservation. Soviet (initiated in 1932) and United States (1951) studies provided information on captive otter husbandry, setting the stage for eventual large-scale translocations as tools for population restoration. Early studies also informed effective housing of animals in zoos and aquaria, with sea otters first publicly displayed in 1954. Surveys credited displayed otters in convincing the public of conservation values. After early studies, initial scientific data for captive sea otters in aquaria came from work initiated in 1956, and from dedicated research facilities beginning in 1968. Significant achievements have been made in studies of behavior, physiology, reproduction, and high-priority management issues. Larger-scale projects involving translocation and oil spill response provided extensive insights into stress reactions, water quality issues in captivity, and effects of oil spills.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00008-1","usgsCitation":"VanBlaricom, G.R., Belting, T.F., and Triggs, L.H., 2015, Sea otters in captivity: applications and implications of husbandry development, public display, scientific research and management, and rescue and rehabilitation for sea otter conservation, p. 197-234, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801402-8.00008-1.","productDescription":"238 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"234","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058234","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324549,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57739fb6e4b07657d1a90d4e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanBlaricom, Glenn R. glennvb@usgs.gov","contributorId":3540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"VanBlaricom","given":"Glenn","email":"glennvb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belting, Traci F.","contributorId":172525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belting","given":"Traci","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Triggs, Lisa H.","contributorId":172526,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Triggs","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70142252,"text":"70142252 - 2015 - Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T14:04:28.503272","indexId":"70142252","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York","docAbstract":"<p>Septic-system discharges can be an important source of micropollutants (including pharmaceuticals and endocrine active compounds) to adjacent groundwater and surface water systems. Groundwater samples were collected from well networks tapping glacial till in New England (NE) and sandy surficial aquifer New York (NY) during one sampling round in 2011. The NE network assesses the effect of a single large septic system that receives discharge from an extended health care facility for the elderly. The NY network assesses the effect of many small septic systems used seasonally on a densely populated portion of Fire Island. The data collected from these two networks indicate that hydrogeologic and demographic factors affect micropollutant concentrations in these systems.</p>\n<p>The highest micropollutant concentrations from the NE network were present in samples collected from below the leach beds and in a well downgradient of the leach beds. Total concentrations for personal care/domestic use compounds, pharmaceutical compounds and plasticizer compounds generally ranged from 1 to over 20&nbsp;&mu;g/L in the NE network samples. High tris(2-butoxyethyl phosphate) plasticizer concentrations in wells beneath and downgradient of the leach beds (&gt;&nbsp;20&nbsp;&mu;g/L) may reflect the presence of this compound in cleaning agents at the extended health-care facility.</p>\n<p>The highest micropollutant concentrations for the NY network were present in the shoreline wells and reflect groundwater that is most affected by septic system discharges. One of the shoreline wells had personal care/domestic use, pharmaceutical, and plasticizer concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 5.7&nbsp;&mu;g/L. Estradiol equivalency quotient concentrations were also highest in a shoreline well sample (3.1&nbsp;ng/L). Most micropollutant concentrations increase with increasing specific conductance and total nitrogen concentrations for shoreline well samples. These findings suggest that septic systems serving institutional settings and densely populated areas in coastal settings may be locally important sources of micropollutants to adjacent aquifer and marine systems.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.067","usgsCitation":"Phillips, P., Schubert, C., Argue, D.M., Fisher, I., Furlong, E.T., Foreman, W., Gray, J.L., and Chalmers, A.T., 2015, Concentrations of hormones, pharmaceuticals and other micropollutants in groundwater affected by septic systems in New England and New York: Science of the Total Environment, v. 512-513, p. 43-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.067.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"43","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057986","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.87060546875,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87060546875,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.5771484375,\n              47.517200697839414\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.5771484375,\n              40.74725696280421\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.87060546875,\n              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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foreman, William T. wforeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":139099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foreman","given":"William T.","email":"wforeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gray, James L. 0000-0002-0807-5635 jlgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-5635","contributorId":1253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"James","email":"jlgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Chalmers, Ann T. 0000-0002-5199-8080 chalmers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5199-8080","contributorId":1443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chalmers","given":"Ann","email":"chalmers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70137896,"text":"ofr20151006 - 2015 - Development of a HEC-RAS temperature model for the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-16T16:13:41","indexId":"ofr20151006","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-16T17:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2015-1006","title":"Development of a HEC-RAS temperature model for the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>A one-dimensional, unsteady streamflow and temperature model (HEC-RAS) of the North Santiam and Santiam Rivers was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey to be used in conjunction with previously developed two-dimensional hydrodynamic water-quality models (CE-QUAL-W2) of Detroit and Big Cliff Lakes upstream of the study area. In conjunction with the output from the previously developed models, the HEC-RAS model can simulate streamflows and temperatures within acceptable limits (mean error [bias] near zero; typical streamflow errors less than 5 percent; typical water temperature errors less than 1.0 &deg;C) for the length of the North Santiam River downstream of Big Cliff Dam under a series of potential future conditions in which dam structures and/or dam operations are modified to improve temperature conditions for threatened and endangered fish. Although a two-dimensional (longitudinal, vertical) CE-QUAL-W2 model for the North Santiam and Santiam Rivers downstream of Big Cliff Dam exists, that model proved unstable under highly variable flow conditions. The one-dimensional HEC-RAS model documented in this report can better simulate cross-sectional-averaged stream temperatures under a wide range of flow conditions.</p>\n<p>The model was calibrated using 2011 streamflow and temperature data. Measured data were used as boundary conditions when possible, although several lateral inflows and their associated water temperatures, including the South Santiam River, were estimated using statistical models. Streamflow results showed high accuracy during low-flow periods, but predictions were biased low during large storm events when unmodeled ephemeral tributaries contributed to the actual streamflow. Temperature results showed low annual bias against measured data at two locations on the North Santiam River and one location on the Santiam River. Mean absolute errors using 2011 hourly data ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 &deg;C. Model results were checked against 2012 data and showed a positive bias at the Santiam River station (+0.6 ˚C). Annual mean absolute errors using 2012 hourly data ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 &deg;C.</p>\n<p>Much of the error in temperature predictions resulted from the model&rsquo;s inability to accurately simulate the full range of diurnal fluctuations during the warmest months. Future iterations of the model could be improved by the collection and inclusion of additional streamflow and temperature data, especially near the mouth of the South Santiam River. Presently, the model is able to predict hourly and daily water temperatures under a wide variety of conditions with a typical error of 0.8 and 0.7 &deg;C, respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20151006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Stonewall, A., and Buccola, N., 2015, Development of a HEC-RAS temperature model for the North Santiam River, northwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015-1006, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151006.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-059231","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20151006.JPG"},{"id":297359,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1006/pdf/ofr2015-1006.pdf","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":297358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2015/1006/"}],"projection":"Oregon State Lambert","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Santiam River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.31054687499999,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.31054687499999,\n              45.48324350868221\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9871826171875,\n              45.48324350868221\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.9871826171875,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.31054687499999,\n              43.88205730390537\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a68e4b08de9379b3041","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":2699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam J.","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buccola, Norman L. nbuccola@usgs.gov","contributorId":4295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buccola","given":"Norman L.","email":"nbuccola@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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