Evidence has become available in this century indicating that populations of the endangered Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum migrate outside their natal river systems, but the full extent and functional basis of these migrations are not well understood. Between 2007 and 2013, 40 Shortnose Sturgeon captured and tagged in four Gulf of Maine river systems migrated long distances in coastal waters to reach the Kennebec System where their movements were logged by an acoustic receiver array. Twenty-one (20%) of 104 Shortnose Sturgeon tagged in the Penobscot River, two (50%) of four tagged in the Kennebec System, one (50%) of two tagged in the Saco River, and 16 (37%) of 43 tagged in the Merrimack River moved to a previously identified spawning site or historical spawning habitat in the Kennebec System in spring. Most (65%) moved in early spring from the tagging location directly to a spawning site in the Kennebec System, whereas the rest moved primarily in the fall from the tagging location to a wintering site in that system and moved to a spawning site the following spring. Spawning was inferred from the location, behavior, and sexual status of the fish and from season, water temperature, and discharge, and was confirmed by the capture of larvae in some years. Tagged fish went to a known spawning area in the upper Kennebec Estuary (16 events) or the Androscoggin Estuary (14 events), an historical spawning habitat in the restored Kennebec River (8 events), or two spawning areas in a single year (7 events). We have provided the first evidence indicating that Shortnose Sturgeon spawn in the restored Kennebec River in an historical habitat that became accessible in 1999 when Edwards Dam was removed, 162 years after it was constructed. These results highlight the importance of the Kennebec System to Shortnose Sturgeon throughout the Gulf of Maine.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2015.1037931","usgsCitation":"Wippelhauser, G.S., Zydlewski, G.B., Kieffer, M., Sulikowski, J., and Kinnison, M.T., 2015, Shortnose sturgeon in the Gulf of Maine: Use of spawning habitat in the Kennebec System and response to dam removal: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 144, no. 4, p. 742-752, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1037931.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"742","endPage":"752","ipdsId":"IP-058271","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Maine","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.93896484375,\n 43.69369383336777\n ],\n [\n -69.554443359375,\n 43.69369383336777\n ],\n [\n -69.554443359375,\n 44.62761851676016\n ],\n [\n -69.93896484375,\n 44.62761851676016\n ],\n [\n -69.93896484375,\n 43.69369383336777\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"144","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59e71694e4b05fe04cd331d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wippelhauser, Gail S.","contributorId":169680,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wippelhauser","given":"Gail","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25571,"text":"Maine Department of Marine Resources, Augusta, ME","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Gayle B.","contributorId":169688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Gayle","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kieffer, Micah 0000-0001-9310-018X mkieffer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-018X","contributorId":2641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kieffer","given":"Micah","email":"mkieffer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sulikowski, James","contributorId":197218,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulikowski","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kinnison, Michael T.","contributorId":169617,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kinnison","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":712967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70157453,"text":"70157453 - 2015 - Quantifying stream thermal regimes at management-pertinent scales: combining thermal infrared and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-24T09:40:08","indexId":"70157453","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying stream thermal regimes at management-pertinent scales: combining thermal infrared and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework.","docAbstract":"Accurately quantifying stream thermal regimes can be challenging because stream temperatures are often spatially and temporally heterogeneous. In this study, we present a novel modeling framework that combines stream temperature data sets that are continuous in either space or time. Specifically, we merged the fine spatial resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) imagery with hourly data from 10 stationary temperature loggers in a 100 km portion of the Big Hole River, MT, USA. This combination allowed us to estimate summer thermal conditions at a relatively fine spatial resolution (every 100 m of stream length) over a large extent of stream (100 km of stream) during during the warmest part of the summer. Rigorous evaluation, including internal validation, external validation with spatially continuous instream temperature measurements collected from a Langrangian frame of reference, and sensitivity analyses, suggests the model was capable of accurately estimating longitudinal patterns in summer stream temperatures for this system Results revealed considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity in summer stream temperatures and highlighted the value of assessing thermal regimes at relatively fine spatial and temporal scales. Preserving spatial and temporal variability and structure in abiotic stream data provides a critical foundation for understanding the dynamic, multiscale habitat needs of mobile stream organisms. Similarly, enhanced understanding of spatial and temporal variation in dynamic water quality attributes, including temporal sequence and spatial arrangement, can guide strategic placement of monitoring equipment that will subsequently capture variation in environmental conditions directly pertinent to research and management objectives.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015588","usgsCitation":"Vatland, S.J., Gresswell, R.E., and Poole, G., 2015, Quantifying stream thermal regimes at management-pertinent scales: combining thermal infrared and stationary stream temperature data in a novel modeling framework.: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 1, p. 31-46, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015588.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"46","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055712","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Big Hole River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.10012817382812,\n 45.84793427349226\n ],\n [\n -113.05892944335936,\n 45.867062714815475\n ],\n [\n -113.08914184570311,\n 45.89383147810292\n ],\n [\n -113.16741943359374,\n 45.89956596377031\n ],\n [\n -113.23196411132812,\n 45.88905228767688\n ],\n [\n -113.2635498046875,\n 45.865150166790585\n ],\n [\n -113.291015625,\n 45.843151135002834\n ],\n [\n -113.35556030273438,\n 45.823057462282456\n ],\n [\n -113.38851928710938,\n 45.765606992288184\n ],\n [\n -113.44757080078124,\n 45.72823242650626\n ],\n [\n -113.47915649414061,\n 45.693710616454496\n ],\n [\n -113.48190307617188,\n 45.66684557788979\n ],\n [\n -113.46405029296874,\n 45.651488335713594\n ],\n [\n -113.48190307617188,\n 45.612116176517304\n ],\n [\n -113.50662231445312,\n 45.56406391514301\n ],\n [\n -113.51074218749999,\n 45.53040285599187\n ],\n [\n -113.51211547851562,\n 45.48324350868221\n ],\n [\n -113.48739624023436,\n 45.44086267178177\n ],\n [\n -113.45718383789062,\n 45.39941425500784\n ],\n [\n -113.45718383789062,\n 45.36661954708626\n ],\n [\n -113.45581054687499,\n 45.3386325573467\n ],\n [\n -113.43521118164062,\n 45.3386325573467\n ],\n [\n -113.41873168945312,\n 45.369513963007414\n ],\n [\n -113.42422485351561,\n 45.404235401683344\n ],\n [\n -113.43658447265625,\n 45.4437532863259\n ],\n [\n -113.47640991210938,\n 45.493833740092185\n ],\n [\n -113.46817016601562,\n 45.52751668442124\n ],\n [\n -113.4503173828125,\n 45.58713413436409\n ],\n [\n -113.43658447265625,\n 45.64764836702863\n ],\n [\n -113.4393310546875,\n 45.686995566120395\n ],\n [\n -113.38851928710938,\n 45.72439772280638\n ],\n [\n -113.35006713867188,\n 45.7560261558602\n ],\n [\n -113.3349609375,\n 45.79625461321962\n ],\n [\n -113.291015625,\n 45.80295653465527\n ],\n [\n -113.24020385742188,\n 45.838367585245855\n ],\n [\n -113.21548461914062,\n 45.85654288638554\n ],\n [\n -113.17153930664062,\n 45.8766244679252\n ],\n [\n -113.11798095703125,\n 45.87088761346192\n ],\n [\n -113.10012817382812,\n 45.84793427349226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051edfe4b058f706e51307","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014wr015588","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015588","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Vatland Shane J., Gresswell Robert E., Poole Geoffrey C.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"1/2015","auditedOn":"1/12/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vatland, Shane J.","contributorId":147916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vatland","given":"Shane","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16955,"text":"Montana State University, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 173460, Bozeman, MT 59717","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gresswell, Robert E. 0000-0003-0063-855X bgresswell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-855X","contributorId":147914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gresswell","given":"Robert","email":"bgresswell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poole, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":25540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poole","given":"Geoffrey C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188826,"text":"70188826 - 2015 - Isotopic geochemistry of Panama rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T13:01:29","indexId":"70188826","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3828,"text":"Procedia Earth and Planetary Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic geochemistry of Panama rivers","docAbstract":"River water samples collected from 78 watersheds rivers along a 500-km transect across a Late Cretaceous-Tertiary andesitic volcanic arc terrane in west-central Panama provide a synoptic overview of riverine geochemistry, chemical denudation, and CO2 consumption in the tropics. D/H and 18O/16O relationships indicate that bedrock dissolution of andesitic arc crust in Panama is driven by water-rock interaction with meteoric precipitation as it passes through the critical zone, with no evidence of a geothermal or hydrothermal input. Sr-isotope relationships suggest a geochemical evolution for Panama riverine waters that involves mixing of bedrock pore water with water having 87Sr/86Sr ratios between 0.7037-0.7043 and relatively high Sr-contents with waters of low Sr content that enriched in radiogenic Sr that are diluted by infiltrating rainfall to variable extents.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026","usgsCitation":"Harmon, R.S., Worner, G., Pribil, M., Kern, Z., Forizs, I., Lyons, W.B., Gardner, C.B., and Goldsmith, S.T., 2015, Isotopic geochemistry of Panama rivers: Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, v. 13, p. 108-111, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-068818","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2015.07.026","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Panama","volume":"13","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536eace4b062508e3c7a95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harmon, Russell S.","contributorId":193452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harmon","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worner, Gerhard","contributorId":193453,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Worner","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pribil, Michael J. 0000-0003-4859-8673 mpribil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4859-8673","contributorId":141158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pribil","given":"Michael","email":"mpribil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":700512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kern, Zoltan","contributorId":193454,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kern","given":"Zoltan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Forizs, Istvan","contributorId":193455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Forizs","given":"Istvan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lyons, W. Berry","contributorId":193456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Berry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Gardner, Christopher B.","contributorId":193457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Goldsmith, Steven T.","contributorId":193458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldsmith","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70182726,"text":"70182726 - 2015 - Climate change and vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a fire-prone landscape.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:24:45","indexId":"70182726","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change and vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a fire-prone landscape.","docAbstract":"Linked atmospheric and wildfire changes will complicate future management of native coldwater fishes in fire-prone landscapes, and new approaches to management that incorporate uncertainty are needed to address this challenge. We used a Bayesian network (BN) approach to evaluate population vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Wenatchee River basin, Washington, USA, under current and future climate and fire scenarios. The BN was based on modeled estimates of wildfire, water temperature, and physical habitat prior to, and following, simulated fires throughout the basin. We found that bull trout population vulnerability depended on the extent to which climate effects can be at least partially offset by managing factors such as habitat connectivity and fire size. Moreover, our analysis showed that local management can significantly reduce the vulnerability of bull trout to climate change given appropriate management actions. Tools such as our BN that explicitly integrate the linked nature of climate and wildfire, and incorporate uncertainty in both input data and vulnerability estimates, will be vital in effective future management to conserve native coldwater fishes.
The catastrophic collapses of Larsen A and B ice shelves on the eastern Antarctic Peninsula have caused their tributary glaciers to accelerate, contributing to sea-level rise and freshening the Antarctic Bottom Water formed nearby. The surface of Larsen C Ice Shelf (LCIS), the largest ice shelf on the peninsula, is lowering. This could be caused by unbalanced ocean melting (ice loss) or enhanced firn melting and compaction (englacial air loss). Using a novel method to analyse eight radar surveys, this study derives separate estimates of ice and air thickness changes during a 15-year period. The uncertainties are considerable, but the primary estimate is that the surveyed lowering (0.066 ± 0.017 m yr−1) is caused by both ice loss (0.28 ± 0.18 m yr−1) and firn-air loss (0.037 ± 0.026 m yr−1). The ice loss is much larger than the air loss, but both contribute approximately equally to the lowering because the ice is floating. The ice loss could be explained by high basal melting and/or ice divergence, and the air loss by low surface accumulation or high surface melting and/or compaction. The primary estimate therefore requires that at least two forcings caused the surveyed lowering. Mechanisms are discussed by which LCIS stability could be compromised in the future. The most rapid pathways to collapse are offered by the ungrounding of LCIS from Bawden Ice Rise or ice-front retreat past a \"compressive arch\" in strain rates. Recent evidence suggests that either mechanism could pose an imminent risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","usgsCitation":"Holland, P.R., Brisbourne, A., Corr, H.F., Mcgrath, D., Purdon, K., Paden, J., Fricker, H.A., Paolo, F.S., and Fleming, A., 2015, Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 1005-1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1024","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061744","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472401,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322088,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctic Peninsula","volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b7e4b053f0edd03c77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, P. R.","contributorId":169934,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holland","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brisbourne, A.","contributorId":169935,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brisbourne","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25631,"text":"British Antarctic Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corr, H. F. J.","contributorId":68214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corr","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mcgrath, Daniel 0000-0002-9462-6842 dmcgrath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-6842","contributorId":145635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mcgrath","given":"Daniel","email":"dmcgrath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Purdon, K.","contributorId":169937,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Purdon","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6773,"text":"University of Kansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paden, J.","contributorId":169978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paden","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fricker, H. A.","contributorId":169979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fricker","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Paolo, F. 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Alviso Slough is the downstream reach of the Guadalupe River and flows into the far southern end of San Francisco Bay. River flow is influenced by the Mediterranean climate, with high flows correlated to episodic winter storms (~85 m3 s-1) and low base flow during the summer (~0.85 m3 s-1). Storms and associated runoff have the greatest influence on sediment flux. Strong spring tides promote upstream sediment flux and weak neap tides have only a small net flux. 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The challenge of quantifying these interactions has led to the development of several techniques, from centimeter-scale probes to whole-system tracers, including chemical, thermal, and electrical methods. We co-applied conservative and smart reactive solute-tracer tests, measurement of hydraulic heads, distributed temperature sensing, vertical profiles of solute tracer and temperature in the stream bed, and electrical resistivity imaging in a 450-m reach of a 3rd-order stream. GW-SW interactions were not spatially expansive, but were high in flux through a shallow hyporheic zone surrounding the reach. NaCl and resazurin tracers suggested different surface–subsurface exchange patterns in the upper ⅔ and lower ⅓ of the reach. Subsurface sampling of tracers and vertical thermal profiles quantified relatively high fluxes through a 10- to 20-cm deep hyporheic zone with chemical reactivity of the resazurin tracer indicated at 3-, 6-, and 9-cm sampling depths. Monitoring of hydraulic gradients along transects with MINIPOINT streambed samplers starting ∼40 m from the stream indicated that groundwater discharge prevented development of a larger hyporheic zone, which progressively decreased from the stream thalweg toward the banks. Distributed temperature sensing did not detect extensive inflow of ground water to the stream, and electrical resistivity imaging showed limited large-scale hyporheic exchange. We recommend choosing technique(s) based on: 1) clear definition of the questions to be addressed (physical, biological, or chemical processes), 2) explicit identification of the spatial and temporal scales to be covered and those required to provide an appropriate context for interpretation, and 3) maximizing generation of mechanistic understanding and reducing costs of implementing multiple techniques through collaborative research.
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NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition (when possible), identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. The resources and indicators emphasized in a given project depend on the park’s resource setting, status of resource stewardship planning and science in identifying high-priority indicators, and availability of data and expertise to assess current conditions for a variety of potential study resources and indicators. Although the primary objective of NRCAs is to report on current conditions relative to logical forms of reference conditions and values, NRCAs also report on trends, when appropriate (i.e., when the underlying data and methods support such reporting), as well as influences on resource conditions. These influences may include past activities or conditions that provide a helpful context for understanding current conditions and present-day threats and stressors that are best interpreted at park, watershed, or landscape scales (though NRCAs do not report on condition status for land areas and natural resources beyond park boundaries). Intensive cause-andeffect analyses of threats and stressors, and development of detailed treatment options, are outside the scope of NRCAs.
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The One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM v1.0) is an integrated hydrologic flow model that is an enhanced fusion of multiple MF versions. While maintaining compatibility with existing MF versions, MF-OWHM includes: linkages for coupled heads, flows, and deformation; facilitation of self-updating models, additional observation and parameter options for higher-order calibrations; and redesigned code for faster simulations. This first release of MF-OWHM incorporates MODFLOW-2005 and the Farm Process (MF-FMP2), with new features (FMP3), combined with Local Grid Refinement (MF-LGR), Streamflow Routing (SFR), Surfacewater Routing Process (SWR), Seawater Intrusion (SWI), Riparian Evapotranspiration (RIP-ET), the Newton Formulation (MF-NWT), and more. MF-OWHM represents a complete integrated hydrologic model that fully links the movement and use of groundwater, surface water, and imported water for consumption by agriculture and natural vegetation on the landscape, and for potable and other uses. By retaining and keeping track of the water during simulation of the hydrosphere, MF-OWHM accounts for “all of the water everywhere and all of the time.” This provides the foundation needed to address integrated hydrologic problems such as evaluation of conjunctive-use alternatives and sustainability analysis, including potential adaptation and mitigation strategies, and best management practices.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: MODFLOW and more 2015: Modeling a complex world","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MODFLOW and More 2015: Modeling a Complex World","conferenceDate":"May 31 - June 3, 2015","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Boyce, S.E., and Hanson, R.T., 2015, An integrated approach to conjunctive-use analysis with the one-water hydrologic flow model, MODFLOW-OWHM, in Proceedings: MODFLOW and more 2015: Modeling a complex world, Golden, CO, May 31 - June 3, 2015, p. 6-10.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-064540","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341437,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341445,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://igwmc.mines.edu/conference/modflow2015.html"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593e26ede4b0764e6c61b765","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyce, Scott E. 0000-0003-0626-9492 seboyce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0626-9492","contributorId":4766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"Scott","email":"seboyce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193264,"text":"70193264 - 2015 - Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T14:22:53","indexId":"70193264","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"Reaction modeling can be a valuable tool in predicting the long-term behavior of waste material if representative rate constants can be derived from long-term leaching tests or other approaches. Reaction modeling using the REACT program of the Geochemist’s Workbench was conducted to evaluate long-term drainage quality affected by disseminated Cu-Ni-(Co-)-PGM sulfide mineralization in the basal zone of the Duluth Complex where significant resources have been identified. Disseminated sulfide minerals, mostly pyrrhotite and Cu-Fe sulfides, are hosted by clinopyroxene-bearing troctolites. Carbonate minerals are scarce to non-existent. Long-term simulations of up to 20 years of weathering of tailings used two different sets of rate constants: one based on published laboratory single-mineral dissolution experiments, and one based on leaching experiments using bulk material from the Duluth Complex conducted by the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (MNDNR). The simulations included only plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene, pyrrhotite, and water as starting phases. Dissolved oxygen concentrations were assumed to be in equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen. The simulations based on the published single-mineral rate constants predicted that pyrrhotite would be effectively exhausted in less than two years and pH would rise accordingly. In contrast, only 20 percent of the pyrrhotite was depleted after two years using the MNDNR rate constants. Predicted pyrrhotite depletion by the simulation based on the MNDNR rate constant matched well with published results of laboratory tests on tailings. Modeling long-term weathering of mine wastes also can provide important insights into secondary reactions that may influence the permeability of tailings and thereby affect weathering behavior. Both models predicted the precipitation of a variety of secondary phases including goethite, gibbsite, and clay (nontronite).
","conferenceTitle":"10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference","language":"English","publisher":"IRWA","usgsCitation":"Seal, R.R., Lapakko, K., Piatak, N.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2015, Reaction modeling of drainage quality in the Duluth Complex, northern Minnesota, USA, 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-063220","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec7e4b06e28e9c25357","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lapakko, Kim","contributorId":199239,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lapakko","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70117684,"text":"70117684 - 2015 - Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD) derived from Remote Sensing in Support of Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Current Achievements and Future Possibilities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-16T16:20:40","indexId":"70117684","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD) derived from Remote Sensing in Support of Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Current Achievements and Future Possibilities","docAbstract":"The precise estimation of the global agricultural cropland- extents, areas, geographic locations, crop types, cropping intensities, and their watering methods (irrigated or rainfed; type of irrigation) provides a critical scientific basis for the development of water and food security policies (Thenkabail et al., 2012, 2011, 2010). By year 2100, the global human population is expected to grow to 10.4 billion under median fertility variants or higher under constant or higher fertility variants (Table 1) with over three quarters living in developing countries, in regions that already lack the capacity to produce enough food. With current agricultural practices, the increased demand for food and nutrition would require in about 2 billion hectares of additional cropland, about twice the equivalent to the land area of the United States, and lead to significant increases in greenhouse gas productions (Tillman et al., 2011). For example, during 1960-2010 world population more than doubled from 3 billion to 7 billion. The nutritional demand of the population also grew swiftly during this period from an average of about 2000 calories per day per person in 1960 to nearly 3000 calories per day per person in 2010. The food demand of increased population along with increased nutritional demand during this period (1960-2010) was met by the “green revolution” which more than tripled the food production; even though croplands decreased from about 0.43 ha/capita to 0.26 ha/capita (FAO, 2009). The increase in food production during the green revolution was the result of factors such as: (a) expansion in irrigated areas which increased from 130 Mha in 1960s to 278.4 Mha in year 2000 (Siebert et al., 2006) or 399 Mha when you do not consider cropping intensity (Thenkabail et al., 2009a, 2009b, 2009c) or 467 Mha when you consider cropping intensity (Thenkabail et al., 2009a; Thenkabail et al., 2009c); (b) increase in yield and per capita food production (e.g., cereal production from 280 kg/person to 380 kg/person and meat from 22 kg/person to 34 kg/person (McIntyre, 2008); (c) new cultivar types (e.g., hybrid varieties of wheat and rice, biotechnology); and (d) modern agronomic and crop management practices (e.g., fertilizers, herbicide, pesticide applications). However, some of the factors that lead to the green revolution have stressed the environment to limits leading to salinization and decreasing water quality. For example, from 1960 to 2000, the phosphorous use doubled from 10 million tons to 20 MT, pesticide use tripled from near zero to 3 MT, and nitrogen use as fertilizer increased to a staggering 80 MT from just 10 MT (Foley et al., 2007; Khan and Hanjra, 2008). Further, diversion of croplands to bio-fuels is already taking water away from food production; the economics, carbon sequestration, environmental, and food security impacts of biofuel production are net negative (Lal and Pimentel, 2009), leaving us with a carbon debt (Gibbs et al., 2008; Searchinger et al., 2008). Climate models predict that in most regions of the world the hottest seasons on record will become the norm by the end of the century-an outcome that bodes ill for feeding the world (Kumar and Singh, 2005). Also, crop yield increases of the green revolution era have now stagnated (Hossain et al., 2005). Thereby, further increase in food production through increase in cropland areas and\\or increased allocations of water for croplands are widely considered unsustainable and\\or infeasible. Indeed, cropland areas have even begun to decrease in many 3 parts of the World due to factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and salinization. Furthermore, ecological and environmental imperatives such as biodiversity conservation and atmospheric carbon sequestration have put a cap on the possible expansion of cropland areas to other lands such as forests and rangelands. Other important factors limit food security. These include factors such as diversion of croplands to biofuels (Bindraban et al., 2009), limited water resources for irrigation expansion (Turral et al., 2009), limits on agricultural intensifications, loss of croplands to urbanization (Khan and Hanjra, 2008), increasing meat consumption (and associated demands on land and water) (Vinnari and Tapio, 2009), environmental infeasibility for cropland expansion (Gordon et al., 2009), and changing climate have all put pressure on our continued ability to sustain global food security in the twenty-first century. So, how does the World continue to meet its food and nutrition needs?. Solutions may come from bio-technology and precision farming, however developments in these fields are not currently moving at rates that will ensure global food security over next few decades. Further, there is a need for careful consideration of possible harmful effects of bio-technology. We should not be looking back 30– 50 years from now, like we have been looking back now at many mistakes made during the green revolution. During the green revolution the focus was only on getting more yield per unit area. Little thought was put about serious damage done to our natural environments, water resources, and human health as a result of detrimental factors such as uncontrolled use of herbicides-pesticides-nutrients, drastic groundwater mining, and salinization of fertile soils due to over irrigation. Currently, there is talk of a “second green revolution” or even an “ever green revolution”, but clear ideas on what these terms actually mean are still debated and are evolving. One of the biggest issues that are not given adequate focus is the use of large quantities of water for food production. Indeed, an overwhelming proportion (60-90%) of all human water use in India goes for producing their food (Falkenmark, M., & Rockström, 2006). But such intensive water use for food production is no longer tenable due to increasing pressure for water use alternatives such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, environmental flows, bio-fuels, and recreation. This has brought into sharp focus the need to grow more food per drop of water leading to a “blue revolution”
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Land resources: monitoring, modelling, and mapping","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, Florida","usgsCitation":"Teluguntla, P.G., Thenkabail, P.S., Xiong, J., Gumma, M., Giri, C., Milesi, C., Ozdogan, M., Congalton, R., Tilton, J., Sankey, T.T., Massey, R., Phalke, A., and Yadav, K., 2015, Global Cropland Area Database (GCAD) derived from Remote Sensing in Support of Food Security in the Twenty-first Century: Current Achievements and Future Possibilities, chap. of Land resources: monitoring, modelling, and mapping, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054785","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309997,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56221fb0e4b06217fc47921f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teluguntla, Pardhasaradhi G. 0000-0001-8060-9841 pteluguntla@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8060-9841","contributorId":5275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teluguntla","given":"Pardhasaradhi","email":"pteluguntla@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xiong, Jun 0000-0002-2320-0780 jxiong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2320-0780","contributorId":5276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Jun","email":"jxiong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gumma, Murali Krishna","contributorId":50426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gumma","given":"Murali Krishna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":2403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milesi, Cristina","contributorId":107590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milesi","given":"Cristina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ozdogan, Mutlu","contributorId":32060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ozdogan","given":"Mutlu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Congalton, Russ","contributorId":149288,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Congalton","given":"Russ","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Tilton, James","contributorId":149289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tilton","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sankey, Temuulen Tsagaan","contributorId":149290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sankey","given":"Temuulen","email":"","middleInitial":"Tsagaan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Massey, Richard","contributorId":149291,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Massey","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Phalke, Aparna","contributorId":149292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Phalke","given":"Aparna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Yadav, Kamini","contributorId":138720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yadav","given":"Kamini","affiliations":[{"id":12507,"text":"Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":577773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70193124,"text":"70193124 - 2015 - Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2015","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-22T09:35:44","indexId":"70193124","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"56","title":"Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2015","docAbstract":"This is the fifty-second in a series of annual reports that describe groundwater conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality, provide data to enable interested parties to maintain awareness of changing groundwater conditions.
This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, groundwater withdrawals from wells, water-level changes, precipitation, streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Information on well construction included in this report refers only to new wells constructed for withdrawal of groundwater. Supplementary data are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas that are important to a discussion of changing groundwater conditions and for which applicable data are available.
This report includes individual discussions of selected significant areas of groundwater development in the State for calendar year 2014. Most of the reported data were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Water Quality. This report is also available online at http://www.waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/ and http://ut.water.usgs.gov/publications/GW2015.pdf. Groundwater conditions in Utah for calendar year 2013 are reported in Burden and others (2014) and are available online at http://ut.water.usgs.gov/publications/GW2014.pdf.
The water-level change maps in this report show the difference between water levels measured in the same well at two distinct times: in the spring of 1985 and the spring of 2015. Throughout the state, many groundwater levels were near their peak in or around 1985 following a multiple-year period of above average precipitation in the early 1980s. Conversely, consecutive years of significant drought have contributed to low groundwater levels in 2015. For these reasons, the difference between 1985 and 2015 groundwater levels may not accurately portray long-term changes in an aquifer. An evaluation of water-level trends should also include consideration of the annual water-level measurement plots provided for each of the major areas of groundwater development in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Burden, C.B., 2015, Groundwater conditions in Utah, spring of 2015: Cooperative Investigations Report 56, x, 136 p.","productDescription":"x, 136 p.","numberOfPages":"150","ipdsId":"IP-060778","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":364085,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/techinfo/wwwpub/GW2015.pdf"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a60fec8e4b06e28e9c2535d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193300,"text":"70193300 - 2015 - Oxic to anoxic transition in bottom waters during formation of the Citronen Fjord sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, North Greenland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:23:04","indexId":"70193300","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Oxic to anoxic transition in bottom waters during formation of the Citronen Fjord sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, North Greenland","docAbstract":"Bulk geochemical data acquired for host sedimentary rocks to the Late Ordovician Citronen Fjord sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposit in North Greenland constrain the redox state of bottom waters prior to and during sulphide mineralization. Downhole profiles for one drill core show trends for redox proxies (MnO, Mo, Ce anomalies) that suggest the local basin bottom waters were initially oxic, changing to anoxic and locally sulphidic concurrent with sulphide mineralization. We propose that this major redox change was caused by two broadly coeval processes (1) emplacement of debris-flow conglomerates that sealed off the basin from oxic seawater, and (2) venting of reduced hydrothermal fluids into the basin. Both processes may have increased H2S in bottom waters and thus prevented the oxidation of sulphides on the sea floor.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"13th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits","usgsCitation":"Slack, J.F., Rosa, D., and Falck, H., 2015, Oxic to anoxic transition in bottom waters during formation of the Citronen Fjord sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, North Greenland, in 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, v. 5, p. 2013-2016.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"2013","endPage":"2016","ipdsId":"IP-063729","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebefe4b0da30c1bfc69e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, John F. 0000-0001-6600-3130 jfslack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-3130","contributorId":1032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"John","email":"jfslack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosa, Diogo","contributorId":199301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosa","given":"Diogo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falck, Hendrik","contributorId":167705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falck","given":"Hendrik","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24811,"text":"NWT Geoscience Office, Yellowknife, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":718592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70159508,"text":"ofr20131280C - 2015 - Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70159508,"text":"ofr20131280C - 2015 - Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","indexId":"ofr20131280C","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70160523,"text":"ofr20131280 - 2015 - Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V","indexId":"ofr20131280","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"title":"Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de Mauritanie (PRISM-II) Phase V"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-08T17:07:03.551061","indexId":"ofr20131280C","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1280","chapter":"C","title":"Hydrogeologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (phase V, deliverable 56), Synthesis of hydrologic data (phase V, deliverable 57), and chemical hydrologic map of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania (added value)","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic study was conducted to support mineral-resource assessment activities in Mauritania, Africa. Airborne magnetic depth estimates reveal two primary groundwater basins: the porous coastal Continental Terminal Basin (fill deposits); and the interior, fractured interior Taoudeni Basin. In the Continental Terminal Basin, there is uniform vertical recharge and localized discharge that is coincident with groundwater pumping at Nouakchott. This pumping center induces eastward flow of groundwater from the Atlantic Ocean resulting in a salinity gradient that diminishes quality over 100 km. Groundwater also flows southward into the basin from Western Sahara. By contrast, an interbasin exchange occurs as fresh groundwater flows westward from the Taoudeni Basin. In the Taoudeni Basin, zones of local recharge occur in three areas: northwest at the edge of the Rgueïbat Shield; at the city of Tidjikja; and near the center of the basin. Groundwater also flows across international boundaries: northward into Western Sahara and westward into Mali. At the southern country boundary, the Senegal River serves as both a source and sink of fresh groundwater to the Continental Terminal and Taoudeni basins. Using a geographical information system, thirteen hydrogeologic units are identified based on lateral extent and distinct hydraulic properties for future groundwater model development. Combining this information with drilling productivity, groundwaterquality, and geophysical interpretations (fracturing and absence of subsurface dikes) three potential water-resource development targets were identified: sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Quaternary Periods; sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and Ordovician Periods; and sedimentary rocks of Neoproterozoic age.
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2 Plates: 54.0 x 60.0 inches; Data; Metadata","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052689","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319083,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131280C.PNG"},{"id":319082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/GIS_and_Maps/Chapter_C_deliverable_56_and_added_value-Hydrogeology/","text":"Maps, Data, and Metadata"},{"id":319081,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1280/Final_Reports_English/deliverable_57-Hydrology-chapter_C.pdf","text":"Chapter C","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"Mauritania","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-12.17075,14.61683],[-12.83066,15.30369],[-13.43574,16.03938],[-14.09952,16.3043],[-14.57735,16.59826],[-15.13574,16.58728],[-15.62367,16.36934],[-16.12069,16.45566],[-16.4631,16.13504],[-16.54971,16.67389],[-16.27055,17.16696],[-16.14635,18.10848],[-16.25688,19.09672],[-16.37765,19.59382],[-16.27784,20.09252],[-16.53632,20.56787],[-17.06342,20.99975],[-16.84519,21.33332],[-12.9291,21.32707],[-13.11875,22.77122],[-12.87422,23.28483],[-11.93722,23.37459],[-11.96942,25.93335],[-8.68729,25.88106],[-8.6844,27.39574],[-4.92334,24.97457],[-6.45379,24.95659],[-5.97113,20.64083],[-5.48852,16.3251],[-5.31528,16.20185],[-5.53774,15.50169],[-9.55024,15.4865],[-9.70026,15.26411],[-10.08685,15.33049],[-10.65079,15.13275],[-11.3491,15.41126],[-11.66608,15.38821],[-11.83421,14.7991],[-12.17075,14.61683]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Mauritania\"}}]}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b5ce4b0f59b85ddc441","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, John D. 0000-0003-2969-9073 jhorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2969-9073","contributorId":1227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"John","email":"jhorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193301,"text":"70193301 - 2015 - Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T11:20:21","indexId":"70193301","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA","docAbstract":"We estimated copper (Cu) toxicity in surface water with high dissolved organic matter (DOM) for unmined mineralized watersheds of the Duluth Complex using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), which evaluates the effect of DOM, cation competition for biologic binding sites, and metal speciation. A sediment-based BLM was used to estimate stream-sediment toxicity; this approach factors in the cumulative effects of multiple metals, incorporation of metals into less bioavailable sulfides, and complexation of metals with organic carbon.
For surface water, the formation of Cu-DOM complexes significantly reduces the amount of Cu available to aquatic organisms. The protective effects of cations, such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), competing with Cu to complex with the biotic ligand is likely not as important as DOM in water with high DOM and low hardness. Standard hardness-based water quality criteria (WQC) are probably inadequate for describing Cu toxicity in such waters and a BLM approach may yield more accurate results. Nevertheless, assumptions about relative proportions of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) in DOM significantly influence BLM results; the higher the HA fraction, the higher calculated resiliency of the water to Cu toxicity. Another important factor is seasonal variation in water chemistry, with greater resiliency to Cu toxicity during low flow compared to high flow.
Based on generally low total organic carbon and sulfur content, and equivalent metal ratios from total and weak partial extractions, much of the total metal concentration in clastic streambedsediments may be in bioavailable forms, sorbed on clays or hydroxide phases. However, organicrich fine-grained sediment in the numerous wetlands may sequester significant amount of metals, limiting their bioavailability. A high proportion of organic matter in waters and some sediments will play a key role in the resiliency of these watersheds to potential additional metal loads associated with future mining operations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage and IMWA Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Mine Water Association","usgsCitation":"Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., Jones, P.M., and Woodruff, L.G., 2015, Copper toxicity and organic matter: Resiliency of watersheds in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA, in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage and IMWA Annual Conference, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-059790","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.imwa.info/imwaconferencesandcongresses/proceedings/293-proceedings-2015.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.46059403884124\n ],\n [\n -91.58752441406249,\n 47.46059403884124\n ],\n [\n -91.58752441406249,\n 47.92830585913796\n ],\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.92830585913796\n ],\n [\n -92.22610473632811,\n 47.46059403884124\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeebeee4b0da30c1bfc69c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatak, Nadine M. 0000-0002-1973-8537 npiatak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-8537","contributorId":193010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatak","given":"Nadine","email":"npiatak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":193011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":250,"text":"Eastern Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192434,"text":"70192434 - 2015 - Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-02T11:46:55","indexId":"70192434","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement","docAbstract":"The Connecticut River is treasured by all for its majesty and significance in supporting life along its winding 410-mile passage through urban and rural communities in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. Working with our partners, we are inspired to protect and enhance the natural and cultural richness throughout the watershed, especially on lands and waters entrusted to our agency as the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge.
Together with our partners, we design, support, and implement strategic conservation actions across the watershed, and communicate conservation needs and successes through extensive outreach and education programs. On refuge lands, we offer visitor programs and activities that promote an appreciation of the Connecticut River watershed as an intact, interconnected, and healthy ecosystem. Visitors respond to this greater awareness by becoming active stewards of the watershed’s natural and cultural resources. Our actions exemplify the Service’s vital role in conserving the Connecticut River watershed and the refuge’s important contribution to the mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Donovan, E., Gascoigne, W., and Cullinane Thomas, C., 2015, Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge: Draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental impact statement, 648 p.","productDescription":"648 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056149","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347382,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fws.gov/uploadedFiles/Region_5/NWRS/North_Zone/Silvio_O_Conte_Complex/Silvio_O_Conte/11w_Entire_Document(7078KB).pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7586dce4b00f54eb1d8208","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","contributorId":128143,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","id":726566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Elizabeth edonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Elizabeth","email":"edonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gascoigne, William gascoignew@usgs.gov","contributorId":4462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gascoigne","given":"William","email":"gascoignew@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cullinane Thomas, Catherine 0000-0001-8168-1271 ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1271","contributorId":141097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cullinane Thomas","given":"Catherine","email":"ccullinanethomas@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192551,"text":"70192551 - 2015 - Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T11:47:06","indexId":"70192551","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3909,"text":"Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region","title":"Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region","docAbstract":"As a surrogate species for Strategic Habitat Conservation, the mottled duck (Anas fulgivula) is an indicator species to coastal marsh health and function. Currently, biologists have a relatively poor understanding of regional mottled duck movements. We outfitted adult female mottled ducks with solar satellite transmitters during summer 2009–2011. Movement patterns were measured among years and phenology, in relation to available habitat at the landscape level, and in association to potential disturbance. Movement distances were measured in ArcGIS and then evaluated using analysis of variance for independent variables of year, month, biological time period, and season. Average weekly distances traveled by mottled ducks were relatively short (<5,000m) compared to other waterfowl. Movement occurrence and distance were linked to biological season with longest distances documented during the molt period. Movements also differed among years, with drought conditions associated with longer movement distances. Magnitude of movements may be an indicator of habitat quality for mottled ducks in the Texas Chenier Plain Region. By focusing on providing large freshwater pools and fresh/intermediate marsh during the molt period, managers could positively impact mottled ducks.
","language":"English","publisher":" Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies","usgsCitation":"Moon, J.A., Haukos, D.A., and Conway, W.C., 2015, Mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) movements in the Texas Chenier Plain Region: Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, v. 2, p. 255-267.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"267","ipdsId":"IP-057825","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.seafwa.org/publications/journal/?id=116"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Chenier Plain Region","volume":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07eb8ce4b09af898c8ccf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Jena A.","contributorId":171483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Jena","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, Warren C.","contributorId":51550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":716207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70137774,"text":"70137774 - 2015 - Discrete-storm water-table fluctuation method to estimate episodic recharge.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-09T10:35:00","indexId":"70137774","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discrete-storm water-table fluctuation method to estimate episodic recharge.","docAbstract":"We have developed a method to identify and quantify recharge episodes, along with their associated infiltration-related inputs, by a consistent, systematic procedure. Our algorithm partitions a time series of water levels into discrete recharge episodes and intervals of no episodic recharge. It correlates each recharge episode with a specific interval of rainfall, so storm characteristics such as intensity and duration can be associated with the amount of recharge that results. To be useful in humid climates, the algorithm evaluates the separability of events, so that those whose recharge cannot be associated with a single storm can be appropriately lumped together. Elements of this method that are subject to subjectivity in the application of hydrologic judgment are values of lag time, fluctuation tolerance, and master recession parameters. Because these are determined once for a given site, they do not contribute subjective influences affecting episode-to-episode comparisons. By centralizing the elements requiring scientific judgment, our method facilitates such comparisons by keeping the most subjective elements openly apparent, making it easy to maintain consistency. If applied to a period of data long enough to include recharge episodes with broadly diverse characteristics, the method has value for predicting how climatic alterations in the distribution of storm intensities and seasonal duration may affect recharge.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1111/gwat.12177","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Horowittz, C., and Mitchell, L., 2015, Discrete-storm water-table fluctuation method to estimate episodic recharge.: Groundwater, v. 53, no. 2, p. 282-292, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12177.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"282","endPage":"292","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046105","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297223,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a6ce4b08de9379b3050","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gwat.12177","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12177","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Nimmo John R., Horowitz Charles, Mitchell Lara","journalName":"Groundwater","publicationDate":"3/3/2014","auditedOn":"3/4/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Horowittz, Charles","contributorId":138611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Horowittz","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12465,"text":"University of Pittsburgh","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mitchell, Lara","contributorId":138612,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Lara","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12466,"text":"Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70157309,"text":"70157309 - 2015 - Treatment of trace organic compounds in common onsite wastewater systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T10:22:35","indexId":"70157309","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Treatment of trace organic compounds in common onsite wastewater systems","docAbstract":"Onsite wastewater systems (OWS) have historically been relied on to treat conventional pollutants and pathogens in a fashion similar to that expected from centralized wastewater systems. However, based on the occurrence of, and potential effects from, contaminants of emerging concern in wastewaters, OWS as well as centralized systems need to account for these compounds in system design and use. One group of contaminants involves organic compounds such as those associated with consumer product chemicals and pharmaceuticals, which are collectively referred to as trace organic compounds (TOrCs) due to their very low levels (e.g., ng/L to ug/L) relative to other pollutants. The question being confronted today is how best to account for TOrCs in onsite system design and use while also achieving other goals such as system simplicity, limited operation and maintenance requirements, low cost, and sustainability. In contrast to conventional pollutants such as nutrients and pathogens which have specific and achievable treatment goals, there are currently no enforceable treatment standards for TOrCs, which often have non-traditional toxicological endpoints (i.e. endocrine disruption). As highlighted in this paper, there are a large number of TOrCs that can be present in OWS and they have different properties, can be present at different frequencies of occurrence and concentrations, and have different susceptibilities to treatment in OWS. In general, based on the studies summarized in this paper, TOrCs normally should not require additional considerations beyond those for conventional pollutants and pathogens (e.g., nitrogen or bacteria and virus) during design and use of OWS. That said, there are situations where TOrCs could be a serious concern warranting special consideration in system design and use. In this paper, the frequency of occurrence of TOrCs and the range of concentrations encountered are highlighted. An evolving approach is outlined that could help assess the likelihood of occurrence and levels of TOrCs along with the treatment anticipated in different OWS and assimilation conditions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Innovation in soil-based onsite wastewater treatment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","collaboration":"Colorado School of Mines","usgsCitation":"Siegrist, R., and Conn, K., 2015, Treatment of trace organic compounds in common onsite wastewater systems, in Innovation in soil-based onsite wastewater treatment, p. 255-266.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"266","ipdsId":"IP-056947","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341053,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":308273,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.soils.org/meetings/specialized-conferences/onsite-wastewater"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591426bfe4b0e541a03e9614","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Siegrist, Robert","contributorId":147790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siegrist","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6606,"text":"Colorado School of Mines","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conn, Kathleen E. 0000-0002-2334-6536 kconn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2334-6536","contributorId":3923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conn","given":"Kathleen E.","email":"kconn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70138510,"text":"70138510 - 2015 - Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T11:20:41","indexId":"70138510","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NUREG/CR-7178","title":"Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers","docAbstract":"A proposed approach for groundwater remediation of uranium contamination is to generate reducing conditions by stimulating the growth of microbial populations through injection of electron donor compounds into the subsurface. Sufficiently reducing conditions will result in reduction of soluble hexavalent uranium, U(VI), and precipitation of the less soluble +4 oxidation state uranium, U(IV). This process is termed biostimulated reduction. A key issue in the remediation of uranium (U) contamination in aquifers by biostimulated reduction is the long term stability of the sequestered uranium. Three flow-through column experiments using aquifer sediment were used to evaluate the remobilization of bioreduced U sequestered under conditions in which biostimulation extended well into sulfate reduction to enhance precipitation of reduced sulfur phases such as iron sulfides. One column received added ferrous iron, Fe(II), increasing production of iron sulfides, to test their effect on remobilization of the sequestered uranium, either by serving as a redox buffer by competing for dissolved oxygen, or by armoring the reduced uranium. During biostimulation of the ambient microbial population with acetate, dissolved uranium was lowered by a factor of 2.5 or more with continued removal for over 110 days of biostimulation, well after the onset of sulfate reduction at ~30 days. Sequestered uranium was essentially all U(IV) resulting from the formation of nano-particulate uraninite that coated sediment grains to a thickness of a few 10’s of microns, sometimes in association with S and Fe. A multicomponent biogeochemical reactive transport model simulation of column effluents during biostimulation was generally able to describe the acetate oxidation, iron, sulfate, and uranium reduction for all three columns using parameters derived from simulations of field scale biostimulation experiments.
Columns were eluted with artificial groundwater at equilibrium with atmospheric oxygen to simulate the upper limit of dissolved oxygen in recharge water. Overall about 9% of total uranium removed from solution during biostimulation was remobilized. Release of U during oxic elution was a continuous process over 140 days with dissolved uranium concentrations about 0.2 and 0.8 aM for columns with and without ferrous iron addition, respectively. Uranium remaining on the sediment was in the reduced form. The prolonged period of biostimulation and concomitant sulfate reduction appears to limit the rate of U(IV) oxidative remobilization in contrast to a large release observed for columns in previous studies that did not undergo sulfate reduction. Although continued sulfate reduction may cause decreased permeability from precipitation of iron sulfide, the greater apparent stability of the sequestered U(IV) provided by the sustained biostimulation should be considered in design of field scale remediation efforts. Remobilization of uranium following biostimulated reduction should be tested further at the field scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission","collaboration":"Nuclear Regulatory Commission","usgsCitation":"Fuller, C.C., Johnson, K.J., Akstin, K., Singer, D.M., Yabusaki, S.B., Fang, Y., and Fuhrmann, M., 2015, Uranium Sequestration During Biostimulated Reduction and In Response to the Return of Oxic Conditions In Shallow Aquifers, xviii, 158 p.","productDescription":"xviii, 158 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053280","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297355,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/contract/cr7178/"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"593fa839e4b0764e6c627999","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Christopher C. 0000-0002-2354-8074 ccfuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-8074","contributorId":1831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Christopher","email":"ccfuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kelly J.","contributorId":138797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12527,"text":"MWH Global, Inc","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Akstin, Katherine kakstin@usgs.gov","contributorId":5178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akstin","given":"Katherine","email":"kakstin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singer, David M.","contributorId":53278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yabusaki, Steven B.","contributorId":138798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yabusaki","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fang, Yi","contributorId":138799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fang","given":"Yi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fuhrmann, M.","contributorId":138800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuhrmann","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12528,"text":"US Nuclear Regulatory Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156216,"text":"70156216 - 2015 - Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T11:25:30","indexId":"70156216","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":21,"text":"Thesis"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":28,"text":"Thesis"},"title":"Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades","docAbstract":"Limestone cedar glades are a type of rock outcrop ecosystem characterized by shallow soil and extreme hydrologic conditions—seasonally ranging from xeric to saturated—that support a number of plant species of conservation concern. Although a rich botanical literature exists on cedar glades, soil biochemical processes and the ecology of soil microbial communities in limestone cedar glades have largely been ignored. This investigation documents the abiotic stress regime of this ecosystem (shallow soil, extreme hydrologic fluctuations and seasonally high soil surface temperatures) as well as soil physical and chemical characteristics, and relates both types of information to ecological structures and functions including vegetation, soil respiration, and soil microbial community metabolic profiles and diversity. Methods used in this investigation include field observations and measurements of soil physical and chemical properties and processes, laboratory analyses, and microbiological assays of soil samples.\nStress factors quantified by this research include shallow soil (depth to bedrock ranging from 2.4 to 22.6 cm), volumetric soil water content levels seasonally ranging from xeric (below 5%) to saturated (above 50%), and seasonally extreme ground-surface temperatures (above 48°C). Findings from this research indicate that spatial and temporal heterogeneity exists in limestone cedar glades in terms of abiotic stress factors and soil physical and chemical properties. Several such soil properties (e.g. soil depth, organic matter levels, pH, and particle size distribution) are spatially correlated. These soil properties were statistically related to ecological structures and functions such as vegetation patterns, soil respiration, the density of culturable heterotrophic microbes in soil and metabolic diversity of soil microbial community profiles. In general, zones within limestone cedar glades that had relatively shallow soil, alkaline pH, low levels of organic matter and high levels of silt also tended to have depressed rates of soil respiration and reduced densities and metabolic diversity of culturable heterotrophic soil microbes. Additionally, seasonally-relevant stress factors including soil water content and temperatures at or near the soil surface were related to the same set of ecological structures and functions.","language":"English","publisher":"Tennessee State University","usgsCitation":"Cartwright, J.M., and Advised by Dzantor, E.K., 2015, Soil ecology of a rock outcrop ecosystem: Abiotic stresses, soil respiration, and microbial community profiles in limestone cedar glades, 224 p.","productDescription":"224 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054403","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341345,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":306724,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalscholarship.tnstate.edu/dissertations/AAI3623008/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Nashville Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 36.359374956015856\n ],\n [\n -87.066650390625,\n 36.155617833818525\n ],\n [\n -86.781005859375,\n 35.92464453144099\n ],\n [\n -86.98974609375,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -87.16552734375,\n 35.567980458012094\n ],\n [\n -87.0556640625,\n 35.35321610123823\n ],\n [\n -86.85791015625,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -86.71508789062499,\n 35.200744801724014\n ],\n [\n -86.37451171875,\n 35.15584570226544\n ],\n [\n -86.165771484375,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.21869749632885\n ],\n [\n -85.946044921875,\n 35.39800594715108\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 35.62158189955968\n ],\n [\n -85.75927734375,\n 35.82672127366604\n ],\n [\n -85.7427978515625,\n 36.08018188118015\n ],\n [\n -85.7373046875,\n 36.2265501474709\n ],\n [\n -85.6109619140625,\n 36.34167804918315\n ],\n [\n -85.62744140625,\n 36.45221769643571\n ],\n [\n -85.95703125,\n 36.43896124085945\n ],\n [\n -86.396484375,\n 36.54494944148322\n ],\n [\n -86.912841796875,\n 36.500805317604794\n ],\n [\n -87.07763671875,\n 36.359374956015856\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcce4b0a7fdb43ddefe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartwright, Jennifer M. 0000-0003-0851-8456 jmcart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-8456","contributorId":5386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartwright","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmcart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":568107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Advised by Dzantor, E. 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The Delta Smelt is a small estuarine fish that only occurs in the San Francisco Estuary. Once abundant, it is now rare and has been protected under the federal and California Endangered Species Acts since 1993. The Delta Smelt listing was related to a step decline in the early 1980s; however, population abundance decreased even further with the onset of the “pelagic organism decline” (POD) around 2002. A substantial, albeit short-lived, increase in abundance of all life stages in 2011 showed that the Delta Smelt population can still rebound when conditions are favorable for spawning, growth, and survival. In this report, we update previous conceptual models for Delta Smelt to reflect new data and information since the release of the last synthesis report about the POD by the Interagency Ecological Program for the San Francisco Estuary (IEP) in 2010. Specific objectives include: 1. Provide decision makers with a practical tool for evaluating difficult trade-offs associated with management and policy decisions. 2. Provide scientists with a framework from which they can formulate and evaluate hypotheses using qualitative or quantitative models. 3. Provide the general public with a new way of learning about Delta Smelt and their habitat. Our updated conceptual model describes the habitat conditions and ecosystem drivers affecting each Delta Smelt life stage, across seasons and how the seasonal effects contribute to the annual success of the species. The conceptual model consists of two nested and linked levels of increasing specificity. The general life cycle conceptual model for four Delta Smelt life stages (adults, eggs and larvae, juveniles, and subadults) includes stationary ecosystem components and dynamic environmental drivers, habitat attributes, and Delta Smelt responses. The more detailed life stage transition conceptual models for each of the four Delta Smelt life stages describe relationships between environmental drivers, key habitat attributes, and the responses of Delta Smelt to habitat attributes as they transition from one life stage to the next. Our analyses and conceptual model show that good larval recruitment is essential for setting the stage for a strong year class; however, increased growth and survival through subsequent life stages are also needed to achieve and sustain higher population abundance. We used our conceptual model to generate 16 hypotheses about the factors that may have contributed to the 2011 increase in Delta Smelt relative abundance. We then evaluated these hypotheses by comparing habitat conditions and Delta Smelt responses in the wet year 2011 to those in the prior wet year 2006 and in the drier years 2005 and 2010. Larval recruitment was similarly high in both wet years and lower in the drier antecedent years, but juvenile and adult abundance increased only in 2011. In 2005 and 2006, the population was limited by very poor survival from the larval to the juvenile life stage. We found that in 2011, Delta Smelt may have benefitted from a combination of favorable habitat conditions throughout the year, including: 1. Adults and larvae benefitted from prolonged cool spring water temperatures, high 2011 winter and spring outflows which reduced entrainment risk and possibly improved other habitat conditions, and possibly enhanced food availability in late spring. 2. Juveniles benefitted from cool water temperatures in late spring and early summer as well as from improved food availability and low levels of harmful Microcystis. 3. Subadults also benefitted from improved food availability and from favorable habitat conditions in the large, low salinity zone (salinity 1-6) located more toward Suisun Bay,
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distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples","docAbstract":"Laser-diffraction technology, recently adapted for in-stream measurement of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations (SSCs) and particle-size distributions (PSDs), was tested with a streamlined (SL), isokinetic version of the Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST) for measuring volumetric SSCs and PSDs ranging from 1.8-415 µm in 32 log-spaced size classes. Measured SSCs and PSDs from the LISST-SL were compared to a suite of 22 datasets (262 samples in all) of concurrent suspended-sediment and streamflow measurements using a physical sampler and acoustic Doppler current profiler collected during 2010-12 at 16 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in Illinois and Washington (basin areas: 38 – 69,264 km2). An unrealistically low computed effective density (mass SSC / volumetric SSC) of 1.24 g/ml (95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.45 g/ml) provided the best-fit value (R2 = 0.95; RMSE = 143 mg/L) for converting volumetric SSC to mass SSC for over 2 orders of magnitude of SSC (12-2,170 mg/L; covering a substantial range of SSC that can be measured by the LISST-SL) despite being substantially lower than the sediment particle density of 2.67 g/ml (range: 2.56-2.87 g/ml, 23 samples). The PSDs measured by the LISST-SL were in good agreement with those derived from physical samples over the LISST-SL's measureable size range. Technical and operational limitations of the LISST-SL are provided to facilitate the collection of more accurate data in the future. Additionally, the spatial and temporal variability of SSC and PSD measured by the LISST-SL is briefly described to motivate its potential for advancing our understanding of suspended-sediment transport by rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1002/2014WR015697","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Straub, T., Curran, C.A., Landers, M.N., and Domanski, M.M., 2015, Comparison of fluvial suspended-sediment concentrations and particle-size distributions measured with in-stream laser diffraction and in physical samples: Water Resources Research, v. 51, no. 1, p. 320-340, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014WR015697.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"320","endPage":"340","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-058295","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472445,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015697","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":296817,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2a5fe4b08de9379b3022","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2014wr015697","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014wr015697","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Czuba Jonathan A., Straub Timothy D., Curran Christopher A., Landers Mark N., Domanski Marian M.","journalName":"Water Resources Research","publicationDate":"1/2015","auditedOn":"1/12/2015"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czuba, Jonathan A.","contributorId":19917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czuba","given":"Jonathan A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Straub, Timothy D. 0000-0002-5896-0851 tdstraub@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-0851","contributorId":2273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Straub","given":"Timothy D.","email":"tdstraub@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Domanski, Marian M. 0000-0002-0468-314X mdomanski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0468-314X","contributorId":5035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domanski","given":"Marian","email":"mdomanski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70135619,"text":"70135619 - 2015 - Rising air and stream-water temperatures in Chesapeake Bay region, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-02T13:54:01.028157","indexId":"70135619","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rising air and stream-water temperatures in Chesapeake Bay region, USA","docAbstract":"Monthly mean air temperature (AT) at 85 sites and instantaneous stream-water temperature (WT) at 129 sites for 1960–2010 are examined for the mid-Atlantic region, USA. Temperature anomalies for two periods, 1961–1985 and 1985–2010, relative to the climate normal period of 1971–2000, indicate that the latter period was statistically significantly warmer than the former for both mean AT and WT. Statistically significant temporal trends across the region of 0.023 °C per year for AT and 0.028 °C per year for WT are detected using simple linear regression. Sensitivity analyses show that the irregularly sampled WT data are appropriate for trend analyses, resulting in conservative estimates of trend magnitude. Relations between 190 landscape factors and significant trends in AT-WT relations are examined using principal components analysis. Measures of major dams and deciduous forest are correlated with WT increasing slower than AT, whereas agriculture in the absence of major dams is correlated with WT increasing faster than AT. Increasing WT trends are detected despite increasing trends in streamflow in the northern part of the study area. Continued warming of contributing streams to Chesapeake Bay likely will result in shifts in distributions of aquatic biota and contribute to worsened eutrophic conditions in the bay and its estuaries.
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jdjastra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-3358","contributorId":3531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jastram","given":"John","email":"jdjastra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135620,"text":"70135620 - 2015 - Variably-saturated groundwater modeling for optimizing managed aquifer recharge using trench infiltration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T15:56:18","indexId":"70135620","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-15T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Variably-saturated groundwater modeling for optimizing managed aquifer recharge using trench infiltration","docAbstract":"Spreading-basin methods have resulted in more than 130 million cubic meters of recharge to the unconfined Navajo Sandstone of southern Utah in the past decade, but infiltration rates have slowed in recent years because of reduced hydraulic gradients and clogging. Trench infiltration is a promising alternative technique for increasing recharge and minimizing evaporation. This paper uses a variably saturated flow model to further investigate the relative importance of the following variables on rates of trench infiltration to unconfined aquifers: saturated hydraulic conductivity, trench spacing and dimensions, initial water-table depth, alternate wet/dry periods, and number of parallel trenches. Modeling results showed (1) increased infiltration with higher hydraulic conductivity, deeper initial water tables, and larger spacing between parallel trenches, (2) deeper or wider trenches do not substantially increase infiltration, (3) alternating wet/dry periods result in less overall infiltration than keeping the trenches continuously full, and (4) larger numbers of parallel trenches within a fixed area increases infiltration but with a diminishing effect as trench spacing becomes tighter. An empirical equation for estimating expected trench infiltration rates as a function of hydraulic conductivity and initial water-table depth was derived and can be used for evaluating feasibility of trench infiltration in other hydrogeologic settings
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